Zirkonium

Zirkonium n (strong, genitive Zirkoniums, no plural)

Zirkoniums (genitive)
Zirkonium (nominative singular)
Zirkoniums (genitive singular)
Zirkonium (dative singular)
Zirkonium (accusative singular)


Molybdän

de-noun

Molybdän n (strong, genitive Molybdäns, no plural)

Molybdäns (genitive)
Molybdän (nominative singular)
Molybdäns (genitive singular)
Molybdän (dative singular)
Molybdän (accusative singular)


Selen

Selen n (strong, genitive Selens, no plural)

Selens (genitive)
Selen (nominative singular)
Selens (genitive singular)
Selen (dative singular)
Selen (accusative singular)

Borrowed from French sélénium, the name coined by Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1818 from Ancient Greek σελήνη (selḗnē, “moon”).


Mangan

Mangan n (strong, genitive Mangans, no plural)

Mangans (genitive)
Mangan (nominative singular)
Mangans (genitive singular)
Mangan (dative singular)
Mangan (accusative singular)

From earlier Manganesium, from French manganèse.


Arsen

Arsen n (strong, genitive Arsens, no plural)

Arsens (genitive)
Arsen (nominative singular)
Arsens (genitive singular)
Arsen (dative singular)
Arsen (accusative singular)


Praseodym

Praseodym n (strong, genitive Praseodyms, no plural)

Praseodyms (genitive)
Praseodym (nominative singular)
Praseodyms (genitive singular)
Praseodym (dative singular)
Praseodym (accusative singular)


Cer

Cer n (strong, genitive Cers, no plural)

Cers (genitive)
Cer (nominative singular)
Cers (genitive singular)
Cer (dative singular)
Cer (accusative singular)


Lanthan

Lanthan n (strong, genitive Lanthans, no plural)

Lanthans (genitive)
Lanthan (nominative singular)
Lanthans (genitive singular)
Lanthan (dative singular)
Lanthan (accusative singular)

From Ancient Greek λανθάνω (lanthánō, “to escape notice”) + -um (“a chemical element”), because it had gone long undetected in mineral ores.


Neodym

de-noun

Neodym n (strong, genitive Neodyms, no plural)

Neodyms (genitive)
Neodym (nominative singular)
Neodyms (genitive singular)
Neodym (dative singular)
Neodym (accusative singular)


Cäsium

Cäsium n (strong, genitive Cäsiums, no plural)

Cäsiums (genitive)
Cäsium (nominative singular)
Cäsiums (genitive singular)
Cäsium (dative singular)
Cäsium (accusative singular)


Astat

Astat n (strong, genitive Astats, no plural)

Astats (genitive)
Astat (nominative singular)
Astats (genitive singular)
Astat (dative singular)
Astat (accusative singular)


Bismut

Bismut n (strong, genitive Bismuts or (rare) Bismutes, no plural)

Bismuts (genitive)
Bismutes (genitive rare)
Bismut (nominative singular)
Bismuts (genitive singular)
Bismutes (genitive rare singular)
Bismut (dative singular)
Bismute (dative rare singular)
Bismut (accusative singular)


Sauerstoff

Sauerstoff m (strong, genitive Sauerstoffes or Sauerstoffs, no plural)

Sauerstoffes (genitive)
Sauerstoffs (genitive)
Sauerstoff (nominative singular)
Sauerstoffes (genitive singular)
Sauerstoffs (genitive singular)
Sauerstoff (dative singular)
Sauerstoffe (dative singular)
Sauerstoff (accusative singular)

/ˈzaʊ̯ɐʃtɔf/

From sauer + Stoff, calque of French oxygène, from Ancient Greek ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp”) + γένος (génos, “birth”), due to a mistaken early belief that oxygen was a necessary ingredient in all acids.

Sauerstoff tanken

to breathe fresh air (literally, “to fill up on oxygen”)


Sauerstoff

/ˈzɑʊ̯ɐˌʃtof/

[ˈzɑʊ̯ɐˌʃtof]


Iod

Iod n (strong, genitive Iodes or Iods, no plural)

Iodes (genitive)
Iods (genitive)
Iod (nominative singular)
Iodes (genitive singular)
Iods (genitive singular)
Iod (dative singular)
Iode (dative singular)
Iod (accusative singular)


Blei

Blei n (strong, genitive Bleies or Bleis, no plural)

Bleies (genitive)
Bleis (genitive)
Blei (nominative singular)
Bleies (genitive singular)
Bleis (genitive singular)
Blei (dative singular)
Bleie (dative singular)
Blei (accusative singular)

From Middle High German blī, from Old High German blīo.

lead (chemical element - Pb, atomic number 82)


Phosphor

Phosphor m (strong, genitive Phosphors, no plural)

Phosphors (genitive)
Phosphor (nominative singular)
Phosphors (genitive singular)
Phosphor (dative singular)
Phosphor (accusative singular)


Antimon

Antimon n (strong, genitive Antimons, no plural)

Antimons (genitive)
Antimon (nominative singular)
Antimons (genitive singular)
Antimon (dative singular)
Antimon (accusative singular)


Tantal

Tantal n (strong, genitive Tantals, no plural)

Tantals (genitive)
Tantal (nominative singular)
Tantals (genitive singular)
Tantal (dative singular)
Tantal (accusative singular)


Brom

Brom n (strong, genitive Broms, no plural)

Broms (genitive)
Brom (nominative singular)
Broms (genitive singular)
Brom (dative singular)
Brom (accusative singular)

→ Estonian: broom


Kupfer

Kupfer n (strong, genitive Kupfers, no plural)

Kupfers (genitive)
Kupfer (nominative singular)
Kupfers (genitive singular)
Kupfer (dative singular)
Kupfer (accusative singular)

From Middle High German kupfer, from Old High German kupfar, from Proto-West Germanic *kopr (“copper”).

copper (chemical element, Cu, atomical number 29)


Platin

Platin n (strong, genitive Platins, no plural)

Platins (genitive)
Platin (nominative singular)
Platins (genitive singular)
Platin (dative singular)
Platin (accusative singular)


Platin

Alternative form of Platinn (“platinum”)


bituminous

en-adj

bituminous (comparative more bituminous, superlative most bituminous)

more bituminous (comparative)
most bituminous (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bituminous.wav


bituminous

en-noun

bituminous (countable and uncountable, plural bituminouses)

(countable) A type or grade of bituminous coal.


Zink

de-noun

Zink m (mixed, genitive Zinks or Zinkes, plural Zinken)

Zinks (genitive)
Zinkes (genitive)
Zinken (plural)
Zink (nominative singular)
Zinken (definite nominative plural)
Zinks (genitive singular)
Zinkes (genitive singular)
Zinken (definite genitive plural)
Zink (dative singular)
Zinke (dative singular)
Zinken (dative definite plural)
Zink (accusative singular)
Zinken (accusative definite plural)

cornetto (a trumpet-like wind instrument used in European music of the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods)


Zinn

Zinn n (strong, genitive Zinnes or Zinns, no plural)

Zinnes (genitive)
Zinns (genitive)
Zinn (nominative singular)
Zinnes (genitive singular)
Zinns (genitive singular)
Zinn (dative singular)
Zinne (dative singular)
Zinn (accusative singular)

From Middle High German zin, from Old High German zin, from Proto-Germanic *tiną. Cognate with English tin.


Silber

Silber n (strong, genitive Silbers, no plural)

Silbers (genitive)
Silber (nominative singular)
Silbers (genitive singular)
Silber (dative singular)
Silber (accusative singular)

From Middle High German silber, from Old High German silbar, from Proto-West Germanic *silubr. Cognate with Dutch zilver, English silver.

Bronze, Silber und Gold hab ich nie gewollt

I never wanted bronze, silver and gold (medals)


Wolfram

de-proper noun

Wolfram m or f (proper noun, surname, masculine genitive Wolframs or (with an article) Wolfram, feminine genitive Wolfram, plural Wolframs)

Wolframs (genitive masculine)
Wolfram (genitive masculine)
Wolfram (feminine genitive)
Wolframs (plural)

From Old High German wolf (“wolf”) + hraban (“raven”).

a surname transferred from the given name


lyijy

lyijy (nominative singular)
lyijyt (nominative plural)
lyijy (accusative nominative singular)
lyijyt (accusative nominative plural)
lyijyn (accusative genitive singular)
lyijyt (accusative genitive plural)
lyijyn (genitive singular)
lyijyjen (genitive plural)
lyijyä (partitive singular)
lyijyjä (partitive plural)
lyijyssä (inessive singular)
lyijyissä (inessive plural)
lyijystä (elative singular)
lyijyistä (elative plural)
lyijyyn (illative singular)
lyijyihin (illative plural)
lyijyllä (adessive singular)
lyijyillä (adessive plural)
lyijyltä (ablative singular)
lyijyiltä (ablative plural)
lyijylle (allative singular)
lyijyille (allative plural)
lyijynä (essive singular)
lyijyinä (essive plural)
lyijyksi (singular translative)
lyijyiksi (plural translative)
lyijyttä (abessive singular)
lyijyittä (abessive plural)
lyijyin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
lyijyni (nominative singular)
lyijyni (nominative plural)
lyijyni (accusative nominative singular)
lyijyni (accusative nominative plural)
lyijyni (accusative genitive singular)
lyijyni (accusative genitive plural)
lyijyni (genitive singular)
lyijyjeni (genitive plural)
lyijyäni (partitive singular)
lyijyjäni (partitive plural)
lyijyssäni (inessive singular)
lyijyissäni (inessive plural)
lyijystäni (elative singular)
lyijyistäni (elative plural)
lyijyyni (illative singular)
lyijyihini (illative plural)
lyijylläni (adessive singular)
lyijyilläni (adessive plural)
lyijyltäni (ablative singular)
lyijyiltäni (ablative plural)
lyijylleni (allative singular)
lyijyilleni (allative plural)
lyijynäni (essive singular)
lyijyinäni (essive plural)
lyijykseni (singular translative)
lyijyikseni (plural translative)
lyijyttäni (abessive singular)
lyijyittäni (abessive plural)
lyijyineni (comitative plural)
lyijysi (nominative singular)
lyijysi (nominative plural)
lyijysi (accusative nominative singular)
lyijysi (accusative nominative plural)
lyijysi (accusative genitive singular)
lyijysi (accusative genitive plural)
lyijysi (genitive singular)
lyijyjesi (genitive plural)
lyijyäsi (partitive singular)
lyijyjäsi (partitive plural)
lyijyssäsi (inessive singular)
lyijyissäsi (inessive plural)
lyijystäsi (elative singular)
lyijyistäsi (elative plural)
lyijyysi (illative singular)
lyijyihisi (illative plural)
lyijylläsi (adessive singular)
lyijyilläsi (adessive plural)
lyijyltäsi (ablative singular)
lyijyiltäsi (ablative plural)
lyijyllesi (allative singular)
lyijyillesi (allative plural)
lyijynäsi (essive singular)
lyijyinäsi (essive plural)
lyijyksesi (singular translative)
lyijyiksesi (plural translative)
lyijyttäsi (abessive singular)
lyijyittäsi (abessive plural)
lyijyinesi (comitative plural)
lyijymme (nominative singular)
lyijymme (nominative plural)
lyijymme (accusative nominative singular)
lyijymme (accusative nominative plural)
lyijymme (accusative genitive singular)
lyijymme (accusative genitive plural)
lyijymme (genitive singular)
lyijyjemme (genitive plural)
lyijyämme (partitive singular)
lyijyjämme (partitive plural)
lyijyssämme (inessive singular)
lyijyissämme (inessive plural)
lyijystämme (elative singular)
lyijyistämme (elative plural)
lyijyymme (illative singular)
lyijyihimme (illative plural)
lyijyllämme (adessive singular)
lyijyillämme (adessive plural)
lyijyltämme (ablative singular)
lyijyiltämme (ablative plural)
lyijyllemme (allative singular)
lyijyillemme (allative plural)
lyijynämme (essive singular)
lyijyinämme (essive plural)
lyijyksemme (singular translative)
lyijyiksemme (plural translative)
lyijyttämme (abessive singular)
lyijyittämme (abessive plural)
lyijyinemme (comitative plural)
lyijynne (nominative singular)
lyijynne (nominative plural)
lyijynne (accusative nominative singular)
lyijynne (accusative nominative plural)
lyijynne (accusative genitive singular)
lyijynne (accusative genitive plural)
lyijynne (genitive singular)
lyijyjenne (genitive plural)
lyijyänne (partitive singular)
lyijyjänne (partitive plural)
lyijyssänne (inessive singular)
lyijyissänne (inessive plural)
lyijystänne (elative singular)
lyijyistänne (elative plural)
lyijyynne (illative singular)
lyijyihinne (illative plural)
lyijyllänne (adessive singular)
lyijyillänne (adessive plural)
lyijyltänne (ablative singular)
lyijyiltänne (ablative plural)
lyijyllenne (allative singular)
lyijyillenne (allative plural)
lyijynänne (essive singular)
lyijyinänne (essive plural)
lyijyksenne (singular translative)
lyijyiksenne (plural translative)
lyijyttänne (abessive singular)
lyijyittänne (abessive plural)
lyijyinenne (comitative plural)
lyijynsä (nominative singular)
lyijynsä (nominative plural)
lyijynsä (accusative nominative singular)
lyijynsä (accusative nominative plural)
lyijynsä (accusative genitive singular)
lyijynsä (accusative genitive plural)
lyijynsä (genitive singular)
lyijyjensä (genitive plural)
lyijyään (partitive singular)
lyijyänsä (partitive singular)
lyijyjään (partitive plural)
lyijyjänsä (partitive plural)
lyijyssään (inessive singular)
lyijyssänsä (inessive singular)
lyijyissään (inessive plural)
lyijyissänsä (inessive plural)
lyijystään (elative singular)
lyijystänsä (elative singular)
lyijyistään (elative plural)
lyijyistänsä (elative plural)
lyijyynsä (illative singular)
lyijyihinsä (illative plural)
lyijyllään (adessive singular)
lyijyllänsä (adessive singular)
lyijyillään (adessive plural)
lyijyillänsä (adessive plural)
lyijyltään (ablative singular)
lyijyltänsä (ablative singular)
lyijyiltään (ablative plural)
lyijyiltänsä (ablative plural)
lyijylleen (allative singular)
lyijyllensä (allative singular)
lyijyilleen (allative plural)
lyijyillensä (allative plural)
lyijynään (essive singular)
lyijynänsä (essive singular)
lyijyinään (essive plural)
lyijyinänsä (essive plural)
lyijykseen (singular translative)
lyijyksensä (singular translative)
lyijyikseen (plural translative)
lyijyiksensä (plural translative)
lyijyttään (abessive singular)
lyijyttänsä (abessive singular)
lyijyittään (abessive plural)
lyijyittänsä (abessive plural)
lyijyineen (comitative plural)
lyijyinensä (comitative plural)

Borrowed from Old Swedish blȳ, from Old Norse blý, from Proto-Germanic *blīwiją.


vety

vety (nominative singular)
vedyt (nominative plural)
vety (accusative nominative singular)
vedyt (accusative nominative plural)
vedyn (accusative genitive singular)
vedyt (accusative genitive plural)
vedyn (genitive singular)
vetyjen (genitive plural)
vetyä (partitive singular)
vetyjä (partitive plural)
vedyssä (inessive singular)
vedyissä (inessive plural)
vedystä (elative singular)
vedyistä (elative plural)
vetyyn (illative singular)
vetyihin (illative plural)
vedyllä (adessive singular)
vedyillä (adessive plural)
vedyltä (ablative singular)
vedyiltä (ablative plural)
vedylle (allative singular)
vedyille (allative plural)
vetynä (essive singular)
vetyinä (essive plural)
vedyksi (singular translative)
vedyiksi (plural translative)
vedyttä (abessive singular)
vedyittä (abessive plural)
vedyin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
vetyni (nominative singular)
vetyni (nominative plural)
vetyni (accusative nominative singular)
vetyni (accusative nominative plural)
vetyni (accusative genitive singular)
vetyni (accusative genitive plural)
vetyni (genitive singular)
vetyjeni (genitive plural)
vetyäni (partitive singular)
vetyjäni (partitive plural)
vedyssäni (inessive singular)
vedyissäni (inessive plural)
vedystäni (elative singular)
vedyistäni (elative plural)
vetyyni (illative singular)
vetyihini (illative plural)
vedylläni (adessive singular)
vedyilläni (adessive plural)
vedyltäni (ablative singular)
vedyiltäni (ablative plural)
vedylleni (allative singular)
vedyilleni (allative plural)
vetynäni (essive singular)
vetyinäni (essive plural)
vedykseni (singular translative)
vedyikseni (plural translative)
vedyttäni (abessive singular)
vedyittäni (abessive plural)
vetyineni (comitative plural)
vetysi (nominative singular)
vetysi (nominative plural)
vetysi (accusative nominative singular)
vetysi (accusative nominative plural)
vetysi (accusative genitive singular)
vetysi (accusative genitive plural)
vetysi (genitive singular)
vetyjesi (genitive plural)
vetyäsi (partitive singular)
vetyjäsi (partitive plural)
vedyssäsi (inessive singular)
vedyissäsi (inessive plural)
vedystäsi (elative singular)
vedyistäsi (elative plural)
vetyysi (illative singular)
vetyihisi (illative plural)
vedylläsi (adessive singular)
vedyilläsi (adessive plural)
vedyltäsi (ablative singular)
vedyiltäsi (ablative plural)
vedyllesi (allative singular)
vedyillesi (allative plural)
vetynäsi (essive singular)
vetyinäsi (essive plural)
vedyksesi (singular translative)
vedyiksesi (plural translative)
vedyttäsi (abessive singular)
vedyittäsi (abessive plural)
vetyinesi (comitative plural)
vetymme (nominative singular)
vetymme (nominative plural)
vetymme (accusative nominative singular)
vetymme (accusative nominative plural)
vetymme (accusative genitive singular)
vetymme (accusative genitive plural)
vetymme (genitive singular)
vetyjemme (genitive plural)
vetyämme (partitive singular)
vetyjämme (partitive plural)
vedyssämme (inessive singular)
vedyissämme (inessive plural)
vedystämme (elative singular)
vedyistämme (elative plural)
vetyymme (illative singular)
vetyihimme (illative plural)
vedyllämme (adessive singular)
vedyillämme (adessive plural)
vedyltämme (ablative singular)
vedyiltämme (ablative plural)
vedyllemme (allative singular)
vedyillemme (allative plural)
vetynämme (essive singular)
vetyinämme (essive plural)
vedyksemme (singular translative)
vedyiksemme (plural translative)
vedyttämme (abessive singular)
vedyittämme (abessive plural)
vetyinemme (comitative plural)
vetynne (nominative singular)
vetynne (nominative plural)
vetynne (accusative nominative singular)
vetynne (accusative nominative plural)
vetynne (accusative genitive singular)
vetynne (accusative genitive plural)
vetynne (genitive singular)
vetyjenne (genitive plural)
vetyänne (partitive singular)
vetyjänne (partitive plural)
vedyssänne (inessive singular)
vedyissänne (inessive plural)
vedystänne (elative singular)
vedyistänne (elative plural)
vetyynne (illative singular)
vetyihinne (illative plural)
vedyllänne (adessive singular)
vedyillänne (adessive plural)
vedyltänne (ablative singular)
vedyiltänne (ablative plural)
vedyllenne (allative singular)
vedyillenne (allative plural)
vetynänne (essive singular)
vetyinänne (essive plural)
vedyksenne (singular translative)
vedyiksenne (plural translative)
vedyttänne (abessive singular)
vedyittänne (abessive plural)
vetyinenne (comitative plural)
vetynsä (nominative singular)
vetynsä (nominative plural)
vetynsä (accusative nominative singular)
vetynsä (accusative nominative plural)
vetynsä (accusative genitive singular)
vetynsä (accusative genitive plural)
vetynsä (genitive singular)
vetyjensä (genitive plural)
vetyään (partitive singular)
vetyänsä (partitive singular)
vetyjään (partitive plural)
vetyjänsä (partitive plural)
vedyssään (inessive singular)
vedyssänsä (inessive singular)
vedyissään (inessive plural)
vedyissänsä (inessive plural)
vedystään (elative singular)
vedystänsä (elative singular)
vedyistään (elative plural)
vedyistänsä (elative plural)
vetyynsä (illative singular)
vetyihinsä (illative plural)
vedyllään (adessive singular)
vedyllänsä (adessive singular)
vedyillään (adessive plural)
vedyillänsä (adessive plural)
vedyltään (ablative singular)
vedyltänsä (ablative singular)
vedyiltään (ablative plural)
vedyiltänsä (ablative plural)
vedylleen (allative singular)
vedyllensä (allative singular)
vedyilleen (allative plural)
vedyillensä (allative plural)
vetynään (essive singular)
vetynänsä (essive singular)
vetyinään (essive plural)
vetyinänsä (essive plural)
vedykseen (singular translative)
vedyksensä (singular translative)
vedyikseen (plural translative)
vedyiksensä (plural translative)
vedyttään (abessive singular)
vedyttänsä (abessive singular)
vedyittään (abessive plural)
vedyittänsä (abessive plural)
vetyineen (comitative plural)
vetyinensä (comitative plural)

chemical element

 H
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 n/a

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 helium

vete- (“water”) + -y. Coined in 1851, possibly also inspired by Swedish väte.


bitumen

en-noun

bitumen (countable and uncountable, plural bitumina or bitumens)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-bitumen.wav

From Middle English bithumen, bitumen, from Latin bitūmen. Doublet of bitume.

You need to excavate and remove the topsoil, line the subsoil with a geotextile, then lay and compact hardcore. Follow this with a layer of compacted "hoggin" – compacted clay, gravel and sand. This is then sprayed with hot bitumen, and has a layer of pea shingle rolled into it.

2014 August 24, Jeff Howell, “Home improvements: gravel paths and cutting heating bills [print version: Cold comfort in technology, 23 August 2014, p. P5]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Property):

A sticky, black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum, burning with a bright flame. It occurs as an abundant natural product in many places, as on the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in cements, in the construction of pavements, etc.; Mineral pitch.


hyperoxia

By surface analysis, hyper- + ox- + -ia.

Coordinate term: normoxia

(medicine) A condition caused by an excess of oxygen in tissues; the excess itself.


varis

vãris (canonical masculine stress-pattern-2)
vãris (nominative)
vãrio (genitive)
vãriui (dative)
vãrį (accusative)
variù (instrumental)
vãryje (locative)
vãri (vocative)

[ˈvä̌ːrʲɪs̪]


potash

potash (countable and uncountable, plural potashes)

Calque of Dutch potas, coined in 1598, equivalent to pot + ash. The literal translation is “pot ash”, because it was made by burning wood to ashes in a large pot. First attested in 1648. Doublet of potassium and potassa.

Coordinate term: fly ash

The water-soluble part of the ash formed by burning plant material; used for making soap and glass and as a fertilizer.

قِلْو

pot ash: the water-soluble part of the ash formed by burning plant material; used for making soap and glass and as a fertilizer

(chemistry) An impure form of potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) mixed with other potassium salts.

قِلْو

chemistry: an impure form of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) mixed with other potassium salts

permanganate of potash ― potassium permanganate

(chemistry, archaic) Potassium. Chiefly used in the names of compounds of the form "... of potash".

A class of potassium minerals, of similar applicability to potassium carbonate, such as being a fertilizer. (ie. potassium chloride, potassium hydroxide)


pii

pii (nominative singular)
piit (nominative plural)
pii (accusative nominative singular)
piit (accusative nominative plural)
piin (accusative genitive singular)
piit (accusative genitive plural)
piin (genitive singular)
piiden (genitive plural)
piitten (genitive plural)
piitä (partitive singular)
piitä (partitive plural)
piissä (inessive singular)
piissä (inessive plural)
piistä (elative singular)
piistä (elative plural)
piihin (illative singular)
piihin (illative plural)
piillä (adessive singular)
piillä (adessive plural)
piiltä (ablative singular)
piiltä (ablative plural)
piille (allative singular)
piille (allative plural)
piinä (essive singular)
piinä (essive plural)
piiksi (singular translative)
piiksi (plural translative)
piittä (abessive singular)
piittä (abessive plural)
piin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
piini (nominative singular)
piini (nominative plural)
piini (accusative nominative singular)
piini (accusative nominative plural)
piini (accusative genitive singular)
piini (accusative genitive plural)
piini (genitive singular)
piideni (genitive plural)
piitteni (genitive plural)
piitäni (partitive singular)
piitäni (partitive plural)
piissäni (inessive singular)
piissäni (inessive plural)
piistäni (elative singular)
piistäni (elative plural)
piihini (illative singular)
piihini (illative plural)
piilläni (adessive singular)
piilläni (adessive plural)
piiltäni (ablative singular)
piiltäni (ablative plural)
piilleni (allative singular)
piilleni (allative plural)
piinäni (essive singular)
piinäni (essive plural)
piikseni (singular translative)
piikseni (plural translative)
piittäni (abessive singular)
piittäni (abessive plural)
piineni (comitative plural)
piisi (nominative singular)
piisi (nominative plural)
piisi (accusative nominative singular)
piisi (accusative nominative plural)
piisi (accusative genitive singular)
piisi (accusative genitive plural)
piisi (genitive singular)
piidesi (genitive plural)
piittesi (genitive plural)
piitäsi (partitive singular)
piitäsi (partitive plural)
piissäsi (inessive singular)
piissäsi (inessive plural)
piistäsi (elative singular)
piistäsi (elative plural)
piihisi (illative singular)
piihisi (illative plural)
piilläsi (adessive singular)
piilläsi (adessive plural)
piiltäsi (ablative singular)
piiltäsi (ablative plural)
piillesi (allative singular)
piillesi (allative plural)
piinäsi (essive singular)
piinäsi (essive plural)
piiksesi (singular translative)
piiksesi (plural translative)
piittäsi (abessive singular)
piittäsi (abessive plural)
piinesi (comitative plural)
piimme (nominative singular)
piimme (nominative plural)
piimme (accusative nominative singular)
piimme (accusative nominative plural)
piimme (accusative genitive singular)
piimme (accusative genitive plural)
piimme (genitive singular)
piidemme (genitive plural)
piittemme (genitive plural)
piitämme (partitive singular)
piitämme (partitive plural)
piissämme (inessive singular)
piissämme (inessive plural)
piistämme (elative singular)
piistämme (elative plural)
piihimme (illative singular)
piihimme (illative plural)
piillämme (adessive singular)
piillämme (adessive plural)
piiltämme (ablative singular)
piiltämme (ablative plural)
piillemme (allative singular)
piillemme (allative plural)
piinämme (essive singular)
piinämme (essive plural)
piiksemme (singular translative)
piiksemme (plural translative)
piittämme (abessive singular)
piittämme (abessive plural)
piinemme (comitative plural)
piinne (nominative singular)
piinne (nominative plural)
piinne (accusative nominative singular)
piinne (accusative nominative plural)
piinne (accusative genitive singular)
piinne (accusative genitive plural)
piinne (genitive singular)
piidenne (genitive plural)
piittenne (genitive plural)
piitänne (partitive singular)
piitänne (partitive plural)
piissänne (inessive singular)
piissänne (inessive plural)
piistänne (elative singular)
piistänne (elative plural)
piihinne (illative singular)
piihinne (illative plural)
piillänne (adessive singular)
piillänne (adessive plural)
piiltänne (ablative singular)
piiltänne (ablative plural)
piillenne (allative singular)
piillenne (allative plural)
piinänne (essive singular)
piinänne (essive plural)
piiksenne (singular translative)
piiksenne (plural translative)
piittänne (abessive singular)
piittänne (abessive plural)
piinenne (comitative plural)
piinsä (nominative singular)
piinsä (nominative plural)
piinsä (accusative nominative singular)
piinsä (accusative nominative plural)
piinsä (accusative genitive singular)
piinsä (accusative genitive plural)
piinsä (genitive singular)
piidensä (genitive plural)
piittensä (genitive plural)
piitään (partitive singular)
piitänsä (partitive singular)
piitään (partitive plural)
piitänsä (partitive plural)
piissään (inessive singular)
piissänsä (inessive singular)
piissään (inessive plural)
piissänsä (inessive plural)
piistään (elative singular)
piistänsä (elative singular)
piistään (elative plural)
piistänsä (elative plural)
piihinsä (illative singular)
piihinsä (illative plural)
piillään (adessive singular)
piillänsä (adessive singular)
piillään (adessive plural)
piillänsä (adessive plural)
piiltään (ablative singular)
piiltänsä (ablative singular)
piiltään (ablative plural)
piiltänsä (ablative plural)
piilleen (allative singular)
piillensä (allative singular)
piilleen (allative plural)
piillensä (allative plural)
piinään (essive singular)
piinänsä (essive singular)
piinään (essive plural)
piinänsä (essive plural)
piikseen (singular translative)
piiksensä (singular translative)
piikseen (plural translative)
piiksensä (plural translative)
piittään (abessive singular)
piittänsä (abessive singular)
piittään (abessive plural)
piittänsä (abessive plural)
piineen (comitative plural)
piinensä (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *pii (“tooth”), from Proto-Finno-Ugric *piŋe (“tooth”). Cognates include Ingrian pii (“spike”), Erzya пей (pej, “tooth”) and Hungarian fog (“tooth”).

(dated) thorn, prong, tooth or similar element e.g. in a plant, a saw or a rake


lead poisoning

lead poisoning (countable and uncountable, plural lead poisonings)

(pathology) A chronic intoxication produced by the absorption of lead into the body, characterized by severe colicky pains, a dark line along the gums, and local muscular paralysis.


anoxia

anoxia (usually uncountable, plural anoxias)

From an- (prefix meaning ‘lacking, without’) + ox- (meaning ‘oxygen’) + -ia (suffix forming names of diseases).

affix

(ecology, pathology) A condition in which a body tissue or an environment is severely or totally deprived of oxygen; severe hypoxia.


hypoxia

en-noun

hypoxia (countable and uncountable, plural hypoxias)

(pathology) A condition in which tissues are deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen .

недостиг на кислород

condition in which tissues are deprived of oxygen


decompression sickness

(pathology) A sometimes fatal condition resulting from the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the blood and tissues, because of too rapid decompression, seen especially in deep-sea divers ascending rapidly from a dive. It is characterized by severe pains in the joints and chest, skin irritation, cramps, nausea, and paralysis.


veaiki

veaiki (nominative singular)
veaikkit (nominative plural)
veaikki (accusative singular)
vēikkiid (accusative plural)
veaikki (genitive singular)
veaikkẹ (genitive singular)
vēikkiid (genitive plural)
veaikái (illative singular)
vēikkiide (illative plural)
veaikkis (locative singular)
vēikkiin (locative plural)
vēikkiin (comitative singular)
vēikkiiguin (comitative plural)
veaikin (essive)
veaikán (first-person possessive singular)
veaikáme (dual first-person possessive)
veaikámet (first-person plural possessive)
veaikát (possessive second-person singular)
veaikáde (dual possessive second-person)
veaikádet (plural possessive second-person)
veaikis (possessive singular third-person)
veaikiska (dual possessive third-person)
veaikiset (plural possessive third-person)


touchstone

The foregoing doctrine affords us also a touchstone for the trial of spirits.

1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:

"Expectation of life" is an elastic term: the touchstone here is rather the aggregate amount of work that the locomotive does during its working life.

1950 January, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 12:

Although there has not been very much direct treatment of the Holocaust in analytic moral philosophy, the Nazis appear again and again as examples or touchstones in the construction of moral theories.

2002 January, Eve Garrard, “Forgiveness and the Holocaust”, in Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, page 147:

In the print firestorm that followed the publication of the royal couple's letters, the generalissima was one polemical touchstone. The Annotations to The Kings Cabinet Opened itself depicted the queen as an enemy to king and country: […]

2012, Ann Baynes Coiro, Thomas Fulton, Rethinking Historicism from Shakespeare to Milton, page 243:

(figurative, by extension) A standard of comparison or evaluation.


dephlogisticated air

From dephlogisticated (“from which the phlogiston has been removed”) + air, coined by the English chemist Joseph Priestley (1733–1804) in a 1775 article entitled “An Account of Further Discoveries in Air” published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: see the quotation.

coinage

[page 387] As I think I have that ſufficiently proved, the fitneſs of air for reſpiration depends on its capacity to receive the phlogiſton exhaled from the lungs, this ſpecies may not improperly be called, dephlogiſticated air. […] [page 392] Upon the whole, I think, it may ſafely be concluded, that the pureſt air is that vvhich contains the leaſt phlogiſton: […] and that there is a regular gradation from dephlogiſticated air, through common air, and phlogiſticated air, down to nitrous air; […]

1775 March 15 and May 25, Joseph Priestley, “XXXVIII. An Account of Further Discoveries in Air. […]”, in Philosophical Transactions, Giving Some Account of the Present Undertakings, Studies, and Labours, of the Ingenious, in Many Considerable Parts of the World, volume LXV, part I, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer and J[ohn] Nichols; for Lockyer Davis, […], printer to the Royal Society, →OCLC, pages 387 and 392:

[Joseph] Priestley's experiments were performed at intervals from August 1774 till March 1775, and at that date it occurred to him to mix with his dephlogisticated air some nitric oxide over water; absorption took place, and he concluded that he might assume his new air to be respirable.

1896, William Ramsay, “The Discovery of ‘Dephlogisticated Air’ by Priestley and by Scheele—the Overthrow of the Phlogistic Theory by Lavoisier”, in The Gases of the Atmosphere: The History of Their Discovery, London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Co., →OCLC, page 78:

[Joseph] Priestley never swayed from his firm conviction in the phlogiston theory as long as he lived, and he called his new gas ‘dephlogisticated air’.

2002, Philip Ball, “Revolution: How Oxygen Changed the World”, in The Elements: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, published 2004, →ISBN, page 30:

(chemistry, historical) oxygen gas, as originally thought to be air deprived of phlogiston (“the hypothetical fiery principle formerly assumed to be a necessary constituent of combustible bodies and to be given up by them in burning”).

flogistoniton ilma

oxygen gas, as originally thought to be air deprived of phlogiston — see also oxygen


nuclear bomb

In the seaside town that they forgot to bomb / Come, come, come, nuclear bomb

1988, Morrissey (lyrics and music), “Everyday Is Like Sunday”, in Viva Hate:

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki


calcium carbonate

(inorganic chemistry) A colourless or white inorganic compound, CaCO₃, occurring as chalk, limestone, marble etc; reacts with acids to liberate carbon dioxide.


nuclear weapon

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-nuclear weapon.wav

When Kissinger went to Moscow on March 24 for four days of talks aimed at setting the agenda for Summit III, he reported that Brezhnev seemed to be confronting some of the same problems as we were of military opposition to a permanent agreement to limit offensive nuclear weapons. Thus we knew from the outset that it would be very difficult to produce a major SALT breakthrough at Summit III.

1978, Richard Nixon, “The Presidency 1973-1974”, in RN: the Memoirs of Richard Nixon, Grosset & Dunlap, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 1024:

Even if they managed to strike Japan, the United States or South Korea with nuclear weapons — a big if, given that they do not have a reliable delivery system — they could not save themselves from ultimate defeat.

2013 April 9, Andrei Lankov, “Stay Cool. Call North Korea’s Bluff.”, in New York Times:

A weapon that derives its energy from the nuclear reactions of either fission or fusion.

armë bërthamore

a weapon that derives its energy from the nuclear reactions of either fission or fusion


ferrous

en-adj

ferrous (comparative more ferrous, superlative most ferrous)

more ferrous (comparative)
most ferrous (superlative)

(chemistry) Of compounds of iron in which it has a valence or oxidation number of 2.


krom

krȍm (canonical masculine)
кро̏м (Cyrillic)
krom (nominative singular)
kroma (genitive singular)
kromu (dative singular)
krom (accusative singular)
krome (singular vocative)
kromu (locative singular)
kromom (instrumental singular)


krom

From French chrome, from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma).


kol

kol (indefinite nominative singular)
kols (genitive indefinite singular)
kolet (definite nominative singular)
kolets (definite genitive singular)
kol (indefinite nominative plural)
kols (genitive indefinite plural)
kolen (definite nominative plural)
kolens (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse kol, from Proto-Germanic *kulą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷol-, from *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”).

(uncountable) coal (either rock or charcoal)


tlen

tlen (nominative singular)
tlenu (genitive singular)
tlenowi (dative singular)
tlen (accusative singular)
tlenem (instrumental singular)
tlenie (locative singular)
tlenie (singular vocative)

Coined by Polish physician Jan Oczapowski from tleć, tlić się (“to smoulder”) + -en. Displaced kwasoród.


germane

en-noun

germane (countable and uncountable, plural germanes)

germanium tetrahydride
germanium tetrahydride

(inorganic chemistry) germanium tetrahydride, GeH₄


золото

ru-noun+

зо́лото • (zóloto) n inan (genitive зо́лота, uncountable, relational adjective золото́й, diminutive зо́лотце, pejorative золоти́шко)

зо́лото (canonical)
zóloto (romanization)
зо́лота (genitive)
золото́й (adjective relational)
зо́лотце (diminutive)
золоти́шко (pejorative)
зо́лото (nominative singular)
зо́лота (genitive singular)
зо́лоту (dative singular)
зо́лото (accusative singular)
зо́лотом (instrumental singular)
зо́лоте (prepositional singular)
зо́лото (dated nominative singular)
зо́лота (dated genitive singular)
зо́лоту (dated dative singular)
зо́лото (accusative dated singular)
зо́лотомъ (dated instrumental singular)
зо́лотѣ (dated prepositional singular)

→ Aleut: zuulutax̂

Inherited from Old East Slavic золото (zoloto), from Proto-Slavic *zolto, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰolh₃tom (o-grade), from *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow; gleam; to shine”). Doublet of зла́то (zláto), borrowed from Old Church Slavonic злато (zlato).
Compare Ukrainian золото (zoloto), Belarusian золата (zólata), Bulgarian and Macedonian злато (zlato), Czech, Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, and Slovak zlato, Polish, Kashubian, Lower Sorbian, and Upper Sorbian złoto, Polabian zlåtă.


золото

uk-noun

зо́лото • (zóloto) n inan (genitive зо́лота, uncountable, relational adjective золоти́й)

зо́лото (canonical)
zóloto (romanization)
зо́лота (genitive)
золоти́й (adjective relational)
зо́лото (nominative singular)
зо́лота (genitive singular)
зо́лотові (dative singular)
зо́лоту (dative singular)
зо́лото (accusative singular)
зо́лотом (instrumental singular)
зо́лоту (locative singular)
зо́лоті (locative singular)
зо́лото (singular vocative)

Inherited from Old East Slavic золото (zoloto), from Proto-Slavic *zolto, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰolh₃tom (o-grade), from *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow; gleam; to shine”).


кислород

bg-noun

кислоро́д • (kisloród) m (relational adjective кислоро́ден)

кислоро́д (canonical)
kisloród (romanization)
кислоро́ден (adjective relational)
кислоро́д (indefinite singular)
кислоро́дът (definite singular subjective)
кислоро́да (definite objective singular)

bg-ndecl

кислоро́д</n:sg>

Borrowed from Russian кислоро́д (kisloród).


кислород

mk-noun

кислород • (kislorod) m (relational adjective кислороден)

kislorod (romanization)
кислороден (adjective relational)
кислород (indefinite singular)
кислородот (definite singular unspecified)
кислородов (definite proximal singular)
кислородон (definite distal singular)
кислороду (singular vocative)


кислород

ru-noun+

кислоро́дный

кислоро́д • (kisloród) m inan (genitive кислоро́да, nominative plural кислоро́ды, genitive plural кислоро́дов, relational adjective кислоро́дный)

кислоро́д (canonical)
kisloród (romanization)
кислоро́да (genitive)
кислоро́ды (nominative plural)
кислоро́дов (genitive plural)
кислоро́дный (adjective relational)
кислоро́д (nominative singular)
кислоро́ды (nominative plural)
кислоро́да (genitive singular)
кислоро́дов (genitive plural)
кислоро́ду (dative singular)
кислоро́дам (dative plural)
кислоро́д (accusative singular)
кислоро́ды (accusative plural)
кислоро́дом (instrumental singular)
кислоро́дами (instrumental plural)
кислоро́де (prepositional singular)
кислоро́дах (plural prepositional)

→ Ingrian: kisloroda

Ru-кислород.ogg

From ки́слый (kíslyj) + -о- (-o-) + -род (-rod), combining form of роди́ть (rodítʹ, “to give birth”); calque of French oxygène.

af

Среди́ люде́й то́лько Ихтиа́ндр оди́н зна́ет, как легко́ ды́шится по́сле того́, как бу́ря, гроза́, ве́тер, во́лны, дождь перемеша́ют не́бо с океа́ном, во́здух с водо́ю и гу́сто насы́тят во́ду кислоро́дом.

1928, Александр Беляев [Alexander Belyaev], “Часть первая. День Ихтиандра”, in Человек-амфибия, Вокруг света; English translation from Amphibian Man, (Please provide a date or year):

Sredí ljudéj tólʹko Ixtiándr odín znájet, kak lexkó dýšitsja pósle tovó, kak búrja, grozá, véter, vólny, doždʹ peremešájut nébo s okeánom, vózdux s vodóju i gústo nasýtjat vódu kisloródom.


lithium fluoride

(inorganic chemistry) A salt that may be prepared by the action of hydrofluoric acid on many lithium compounds, occurring naturally as griceite; its crystals are used in optical instruments, and in radiation dosimetry (based on its radiothermoluminescence).


CDU

(petrochemistry) Initialism of crude distillation unit.


Pechblende

de-noun

Pechblende f (genitive Pechblende, no plural)

Pechblende (genitive)
Pechblende (nominative singular)
Pechblende (genitive singular)
Pechblende (dative singular)
Pechblende (accusative singular)

From Pech (“pitch”) + Blende (“blende”).


lined gold

Gold foil having a lining of another metal.


chrome

en-noun

chrome (usually uncountable, plural chromes)

Chromium, when used to plate other metals.


chrome

→ Afrikaans: chroom

→ Albanian: krom

→ Arabic: كروم

→ Armenian: քրոմ (kʻrom)

→ Asturian: cromu

→ Azerbaijani: xrom

→ Basque: kromoa

→ Breton: krom

→ Bulgarian: хром (hrom)

→ Catalan: crom

→ Czech: chrom, chróm

→ Danish: chrom, krom

→ Dutch: chroom

→ English: chrome

→ Irish: cróm

→ Estonian: kroom

→ Finnish: kromi

→ Faroese: krom

→ Friulian: crom

→ Georgian: ქრომი (kromi)

→ Galician: cromo

→ German: Chrom

→ Greenlandic: kromi

→ Hebrew: כרום (króm)

→ Hungarian: króm

→ Icelandic: króm

→ Japanese: クロム (kuromu)

→ Kashubian: chróm

→ Khmer: ក្រូម (kroum)

→ Korean: 크롬 (keurom)

→ Kyrgyz: хром (hrom)

→ Latvian: hroms

→ Limburgish: chróm

→ Lingala: kolomo

→ Lithuanian: chromas

→ Luxembourgish: Chrom

→ Macedonian: хром (hrom)

→ New Latin: chromium (see there for further descendants)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: krom

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: krom

→ Occitan: cròme

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: قروم (krom)
Turkish: krom

→ Persian: کروم (korom)

→ Polish: chrom

→ Portuguese: cromo

→ Romanian: croma

→ Russian: хром (xrom)
→ Kazakh: хром (xrom)

→ Serbo-Croatian: krom, hrom, хром

→ Slovak: chróm

→ Slovene: krom

→ Spanish: cromo

→ Tagalog: kromo

→ Swedish: krom

→ Tajik: хром (xrom)

→ Turkmen: hrom

→ Ukrainian: хром (xrom)

→ Uyghur: خروم (xrom)

→ Uzbek: xrom

→ Vietnamese: croma

→ West Frisian: groom

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”).


хром

hrom (romanization)
хром (indefinite masculine)
хро́ма (feminine indefinite)
хро́мо (indefinite neuter)
хро́ми (indefinite plural)
хро́мият (definite masculine subjective)
хро́мата (definite feminine subjective)
хро́мото (definite neuter subjective)
хро́мите (definite plural subjective)
хро́мия (definite masculine objective)
хро́мата (definite feminine objective)
хро́мото (definite neuter objective)
хро́мите (definite objective plural)
по́-хро́м (comparative indefinite masculine)
по́-хро́ма (comparative feminine indefinite)
по́-хро́мо (comparative indefinite neuter)
по́-хро́ми (comparative indefinite plural)
по́-хро́мият (comparative definite masculine subjective)
по́-хро́мата (comparative definite feminine subjective)
по́-хро́мото (comparative definite neuter subjective)
по́-хро́мите (comparative definite plural subjective)
по́-хро́мия (comparative definite masculine objective)
по́-хро́мата (comparative definite feminine objective)
по́-хро́мото (comparative definite neuter objective)
по́-хро́мите (comparative definite objective plural)
на́й-хро́м (indefinite masculine superlative)
на́й-хро́ма (feminine indefinite superlative)
на́й-хро́мо (indefinite neuter superlative)
на́й-хро́ми (indefinite plural superlative)
на́й-хро́мият (definite masculine subjective superlative)
на́й-хро́мата (definite feminine subjective superlative)
на́й-хро́мото (definite neuter subjective superlative)
на́й-хро́мите (definite plural subjective superlative)
на́й-хро́мия (definite masculine objective superlative)
на́й-хро́мата (definite feminine objective superlative)
на́й-хро́мото (definite neuter objective superlative)
на́й-хро́мите (definite objective plural superlative)


хром

Borrowed from Russian хром (xrom), from French chrome, from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “colour”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrew- (“to grind, rub”)).


хром

hrom (romanization)
хром (indefinite singular)
хромот (definite singular unspecified)
хромов (definite proximal singular)
хромон (definite distal singular)
хрому (singular vocative)


хром

ru-noun+

хром • (xrom) m inan (genitive хро́ма, nominative plural хро́мы, genitive plural хро́мов, relational adjective хро́мовый)

xrom (romanization)
хро́ма (genitive)
хро́мы (nominative plural)
хро́мов (genitive plural)
хро́мовый (adjective relational)
хро́м (nominative singular)
хро́мы (nominative plural)
хро́ма (genitive singular)
хро́мов (genitive plural)
хро́му (dative singular)
хро́мам (dative plural)
хро́м (accusative singular)
хро́мы (accusative plural)
хро́мом (instrumental singular)
хро́мами (instrumental plural)
хро́ме (prepositional singular)
хро́мах (plural prepositional)

→ Kazakh: хром (xrom)

Chemical element: Cr (atomic number 24)
:* Previous: ванадий
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хром

хро̏м (canonical masculine)
hrȍm (romanization)
хром (nominative singular)
хрома (genitive singular)
хрому (dative singular)
хром (accusative singular)
хроме (singular vocative)
хрому (locative singular)
хромом (instrumental singular)


хром

uk-noun

хром • (xrom) m inan (genitive хро́му, uncountable, relational adjective хро́мовий)

xrom (romanization)
хро́му (genitive)
хро́мовий (adjective relational)
хром (nominative singular)
хро́му (genitive singular)
хро́мові (dative singular)
хро́му (dative singular)
хром (accusative singular)
хро́мом (instrumental singular)
хро́му (locative singular)
хро́мі (locative singular)
хро́ме (singular vocative)

From French chrome, from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “colour”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrew- (“to grind, rub”)).


chalcogen

From chalco- (“ore”) + -gen (“forming”).

(inorganic chemistry) Any element of group 16 of the periodic table: oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium or polonium.

chalkogeen

any element of group 16 of the periodic table


chalco-

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek χαλκός (khalkós, “copper”). Despite the appearance in English of a possible relation of chalco- to chalk, and any plausible semantic and cognate connections between limestones and ores in ancient times, the terms are not related by any known cognation. Note also the hard ch sound (/k/) in chalco- and words generated therefrom, which differs from the soft ch sound in chalk.

der

Copper; relatedly, also bronze or brass.


telluric

en-adj

telluric (comparative more telluric, superlative most telluric)

more telluric (comparative)
most telluric (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-telluric.wav

A borrowing of French tellurique, from Latin tellus (“earth; earthy”) and Tellus (“Earth, Gaia”) and -ique (forming adjectives). Subsequently also from tellurium, originally in telluric oxide from German Telluroxyd.

My sister always says she loves novels where you feel an elemental strength, primordial, telluric.

1981, Italo Calvino, If on a Winter's Night a Traveler:


isern

īsern (canonical)
īsern (masculine nominative singular)
īsern (feminine nominative singular)
īsern (neuter nominative singular)
īserne (accusative masculine singular)
īserne (accusative feminine singular)
īsern (accusative neuter singular)
īsernes (genitive masculine singular)
īsernre (feminine genitive singular)
īsernes (genitive neuter singular)
īsernum (dative masculine singular)
īsernre (dative feminine singular)
īsernum (dative neuter singular)
īserne (instrumental masculine singular)
īsernre (feminine instrumental singular)
īserne (instrumental neuter singular)
īserne (masculine nominative plural)
īserna (feminine nominative plural)
īserne (feminine nominative plural)
īsern (neuter nominative plural)
īserne (accusative masculine plural)
īserna (accusative feminine plural)
īserne (accusative feminine plural)
īsern (accusative neuter plural)
īsernra (genitive masculine plural)
īsernra (feminine genitive plural)
īsernra (genitive neuter plural)
īsernum (dative masculine plural)
īsernum (dative feminine plural)
īsernum (dative neuter plural)
īsernum (instrumental masculine plural)
īsernum (feminine instrumental plural)
īsernum (instrumental neuter plural)
īserna (masculine nominative singular)
īserne (feminine nominative singular)
īserne (neuter nominative singular)
īsernan (accusative masculine singular)
īsernan (accusative feminine singular)
īserne (accusative neuter singular)
īsernan (genitive masculine singular)
īsernan (feminine genitive singular)
īsernan (genitive neuter singular)
īsernan (dative masculine singular)
īsernan (dative feminine singular)
īsernan (dative neuter singular)
īsernan (instrumental masculine singular)
īsernan (feminine instrumental singular)
īsernan (instrumental neuter singular)
īsernan (masculine nominative plural)
īsernan (feminine nominative plural)
īsernan (neuter nominative plural)
īsernan (accusative masculine plural)
īsernan (accusative feminine plural)
īsernan (accusative neuter plural)
īsernra (genitive masculine plural)
īsernena (genitive masculine plural)
īsernra (feminine genitive plural)
īsernena (feminine genitive plural)
īsernra (genitive neuter plural)
īsernena (genitive neuter plural)
īsernum (dative masculine plural)
īsernum (dative feminine plural)
īsernum (dative neuter plural)
īsernum (instrumental masculine plural)
īsernum (feminine instrumental plural)
īsernum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: iren, eren, irne, iron, isen
English: iron
→ Marshallese: aen
Scots: airn, ern, irne
Yola: eeren

From Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną.
Cognates:
Cognates include Old Frisian īsern (West Frisian izer), Old Saxon īsarn (Low German Iesen), Old Dutch *īsarn (Dutch ijzer), Old High German īsarn (German Eisen), Old Norse járn (Swedish järn), Gothic 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽 (eisarn), Old Irish īärn (Irish iarann, Welsh haearn).

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
⁊ hæfdon ġeleornad mā cræfta hū hīe þā elpendas beswīcan mehton, mid þǣm þæt hīe nāmon trēowu, ⁊ slōgon on oþerne ende moniġe sċearpe īsene næġlas, ⁊ hīe mid flexe bewundon, ⁊ onbǣrndon hit, ⁊ beþyddan hit þonne on þone elpend hindan...

And they had learned more tricks through which they could ensnare the elephants; they took stakes and drove into the other end many sharp iron nails, and wrapped them in flax, and set them on fire, and then thrust them into the elephant from behind...


heavy metal

en-noun

heavy metal (countable and uncountable, plural heavy metals)

Lester Bangs
Mike Saunders
Sandy Pearlman
William S. Burroughs

The origin of the music genre sense is often disputed; it was used by William S. Burroughs in Soft Machine and Nova Express and various music critics claim to have coined it: Sandy Pearlman, Lester Bangs and Mike Saunders.

(sciences, countable) Any metal that has a specific gravity greater than about 5, especially one, such as lead, that is poisonous and may be a hazard in the environment. (There are many different definitions of what counts as a heavy metal; see Heavy metals for a discussion.)


PFC

To quote George W. Bush, within the frontal cortex, it's the PFC that is “the decider.”

2017, Robert Sapolsky, chapter 2, in Behave, Penguin, →ISBN:

prefrontal cortex
prefrontal cortex#English

(neuroanatomy) Initialism of prefrontal cortex.


platinum group

In chemistry, a group of elements with related properties similar to that of platinum, notably high resistance to chemical activity, particularly oxidation and reaction with acids. The platinum group consists of the elements ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum. In the periodic table of the elements they are in period 5 or 6 and in groups 8, 9 or 10.


precious metal

precious metal (countable and uncountable, plural precious metals)

The reason for the ruckus: A thief in the night had made off with the car’s catalytic converter, a critical emissions-control device that contains precious metals more valuable than gold.

2021 February 9, Hiroko Tabuchi, “Thieves Nationwide Are Slithering Under Cars, Swiping Catalytic Converters”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

A rare metallic chemical element of high economic value, such as gold, platinum, palladium, or rhodium.

metall preciós

metallic element with high economic value


nitrogen cycle

The natural circulation of nitrogen, in which atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen oxides by lightning and deposited in the soil by rain, where it is assimilated by plants and either eaten by animals (and returned as faeces) or decomposed back to elemental nitrogen by bacteria.


aurum

→ Malay: aurum

From Latin aurum (“gold”). Doublet of or.

Gold (used in the names of various substances, see "Derived terms").


aurum

la-noun

aurum n (genitive aurī); second declension

aurī (genitive)
aurum (nominative singular)
aurī (genitive singular)
aurō (dative singular)
aurum (accusative singular)
aurō (ablative singular)
aurum (singular vocative)

Balkan-Romance:

Aromanian: avru

Istro-Romanian: aur

Romanian: aur

Dalmatian:

jaur, yaur, uar, vuar, iuar

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: oru

Italian: oro

→ Esperanto: oro

→ Sardinian: oru, oro

Neapolitan: oro

Sicilian: oru, àuru

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: òr, ôr

Ligurian: öo

Lombard: òr

Piedmontese: òr

Romagnol: or

Friulian: aur

Ladin: or

Romansch: aur, or, ôr

Venetan: oro

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: or, eu, eur, ouâ

Occitan: aur

Old Catalan: or, aur

Catalan: or

desctree

Old French: or
Middle French: or, aur (alternate Latinized spelling)
French: or
Haitian Creole: lò
→ English: or
Walloon: ôr

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: oro

Old Leonese:

Asturian: oru

Extremaduran: oru

Leonese: ouru, oru

Mirandese: ouro

Old Galician-Portuguese: ouro
Galician: ouro
Portuguese: ouro (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: oro

Ladino: oro

Spanish: oro

Ancient borrowings:

→ Albanian: ar

→ Old Irish: ór
Irish: ór
Manx: airh
Scottish Gaelic: òr

→ Proto-Brythonic: *awr
Breton: aour
Old Cornish: our
Cornish: owr
Old Welsh: our
Welsh: awr
Middle Welsh: eur (probably < Latin aureus)
Welsh: aur

Later borrowings:

→ English: aurum

→ Italian: auro, auro-

Rhoticization of Old Latin ausum, from Proto-Italic *auzom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂é-h₂us-óm (“gold”), from *h₂ews- (“to dawn, become light, become red”). Cognate with Lithuanian áuksas, Old Lithuanian ausas, Old Prussian ausis, Tocharian A wäs, Tocharian B yasā.

any object made of gold, such as a gold coin or a gold ring


aqua regia

/ˈɑː.kwə ˈɹeɪ.ɡi.ə/

/ˌækwə ˈɹiː.ʒə/

ăʹkwə-rēʹjē-ə

Borrowed from Latin aqua regia (literally “royal water”), so named because it is one of the few solvents capable of dissolving noble metals.

bor+

Consider another example. If gold is placed in aqua regia then it dissolves. Aqua regia is a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids that dissolves gold or platinum. Observation of gold dissolving in aqua regia (argument 1 1) lends credence to the above conditional statement.
Not placing the gold into aqua regia and gold not dissolving (argument 0 0) does not disprove the truth-value of this conditional.

2005, D.J. Krus, Elements of Propositional Calculus:

(inorganic chemistry, archaic) A mixture of three parts concentrated hydrochloric acid to one part concentrated nitric acid, named for its ability to dissolve gold.


nitrogen-fixing

Legumes are nitrogen-fixing plants, growing them actually adds nitrogen to the soil rather than using it up.

Of a plant, microbe, etc., able to convert inorganic nitrogen into a form usable in the biosphere.


catenation

en-noun

catenation (countable and uncountable, plural catenations)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-catenation.wav

(chemistry) The ability of a few elements, most especially carbon, to yield chains and rings by forming covalent bonds with atoms of the same element.


electrophilic substitution

electrophilic substitution (plural electrophilic substitutions)

substitution reaction
substitution reaction

(organic chemistry) in aromatic organic chemistry, a form of substitution reaction in which the leaving functional group (normally hydrogen) is replaced with an electrophile


nitrogen fixation

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and organic derivatives, by natural means, especially such conversion, by microorganisms in the soil, into a form that can be assimilated by plants


borax bead test

borax bead test (plural borax bead tests)

(inorganic chemistry) in qualitative inorganic analysis, a test for the presence of certain metallic elements by observing the colours given to a bead of borax in a loop of platinum wire held in the oxidizing and reducing parts of a Bunsen burner flame


hydrogen bond

(physical chemistry) A weak bond in which a hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom (usually nitrogen or oxygen) in the same or different molecule.


hydrogen bond

en-verb

hydrogen bond (third-person singular simple present hydrogen bonds, present participle hydrogen bonding, simple past and past participle hydrogen bonded)

hydrogen bonds (present singular third-person)
hydrogen bonding (participle present)
hydrogen bonded (participle past)
hydrogen bonded (past)

(physical chemistry) To bond to another species by means of hydrogen bonds. E.g. Water hydrogen bonds with itself.


diazo

(organic chemistry) Containing a pair of double bonded nitrogen atoms, typically directly attached to an aryl group.


catalytic converter

en-noun

catalytic converter (plural catalytic converters)

(automotive) A chamber containing a finely divided platinum catalyst in which carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust are oxidized to carbon dioxide.

محول حفزي

chamber in which carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust are oxidized into carbon dioxide


isotopologue

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-isotopologue.wav

(chemistry) any of a group of compounds only differing in their isotopic composition; for example normal water and heavy water


isotopomer

(physical chemistry) An isomer of a compound differing only in the position of an isotope


aluminosilicate

(inorganic chemistry) Any of many silicate minerals, such as feldspar and zeolite, in which a proportion of the Si⁴⁺ ions are replaced by Al³⁺, the excess negative charge being balanced by extra sodium, potassium or calcium ions.

aluminossilicato

any silicate mineral in which some Si4+ ions are replaced by Al3+


carborane

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds of boron, mostly having a polyhedral structure.


borohydride

(inorganic chemistry) The anion and very strong reducing agent BH₄⁻.


nonmetal

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-nonmetal.wav

(chemistry) An element, such as phosphorus or chlorine, that does not have the chemical or physical properties of a metal.

no-metall

element that does not have the properties of a metal


borane

(inorganic chemistry) Any binary compound of boron and hydrogen.


petrochemistry

(petrochemistry) The branch of chemistry that deals with petroleum, natural gas and their derivatives.

нефтохимия

the branch of chemistry that deals with petroleum


nuclide

From nucleus + -ide. Coined by American chemist Truman Kohman in 1947 in an article in the American Journal of Physics, in which he defines nuclide as "a species of atom characterized by the constitution of its nucleus, in particular by the numbers of protons and neutrons in its nucleus."

coin

(physics) An atomic nucleus specified by its atomic number and atomic mass.


水素

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ su⁵¹/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sɔ²¹/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɔ⁴¹/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sɔ²¹/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sɔ¹¹/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sɔ²¹/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ su⁵¹/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sɔ²¹/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɔ⁴¹/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sɔ²¹/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sɔ¹¹/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sɔ²¹/

出了象牙之塔, translated from Kuriyagawa Hakuson's book 象牙の塔を出て (Leave the Ivory Tower!) by Lu Xun

Suānsù hé shuǐsù zàochéng de chúnyīwúzá de shuǐ, zhèyàng de dōngxī, rúguǒ shì yǒu shēngmìng de zìránjiè zhōng, shì bù cúnzài de.

酸素和水素造成的純一無雜的水，這樣的東西，如果是有生命的自然界中，是不存在的。

酸素和水素造成的纯一无杂的水，这样的东西，如果是有生命的自然界中，是不存在的。

Protein: its composition is carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen; it is used to give energy to the human body and to regenerate cells.

1926, 張基全 (Tiuⁿ Ki-chôan), 酒佮健康 (Chiú kap Kiān-khong)

Nn̄g-pe̍h-chit, i ê sêng-hun sī Thàn-sò͘, Chúi-sò͘, Sng-sò͘, Chek-sò͘, i ê lō͘-ēng sī ōe hō͘ lâng ê seng-khu tit-tio̍h sè-le̍k, iā sī hō͘ sè-pau ke-thiⁿ sin--ê.

卵白質，伊ê成分是炭素，水素，酸素，窒素，伊ê路用是會hō͘人ê身軀得著勢力，也是hō͘細胞加添新ê。

卵白质，伊ê成分是炭素，水素，酸素，窒素，伊ê路用是会hō͘人ê身躯得着势力，也是hō͘细胞加添新ê。

(rare, chiefly Taiwanese Hokkien) hydrogen


zlato

zlatý (adjective)
zlato (nominative singular)
zlata (nominative plural)
zlata (genitive singular)
zlat (genitive plural)
zlatu (dative singular)
zlatům (dative plural)
zlato (accusative singular)
zlata (accusative plural)
zlato (singular vocative)
zlata (plural vocative)
zlatu (locative singular)
zlatě (locative singular)
zlatech (locative plural)
zlatem (instrumental singular)
zlaty (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech zlato, from Proto-Slavic *zolto. Compare Russian and Ukrainian золото (zoloto), Belarusian золата (zólata), Bulgarian and Macedonian злато (zlato), Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, and Slovak zlato, Polish, Kashubian, Lower Sorbian, and Upper Sorbian złoto, Polabian zlåtă.


zlato

zlȃto (canonical neuter)
зла̑то (Cyrillic)
zlato (nominative singular)
zlata (nominative plural)
zlata (genitive singular)
zlata (genitive plural)
zlatu (dative singular)
zlatima (dative plural)
zlato (accusative singular)
zlata (accusative plural)
zlato (singular vocative)
zlata (plural vocative)
zlatu (locative singular)
zlatima (locative plural)
zlatom (instrumental singular)
zlatima (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zolto, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰólh₃tom (“gold”).


gold leaf

But this Cobweb Lawn is too thin; a gold Leaf to cover the forgoing poison: For nothing is more plain, that he means, that the King is the Head Conspirator in all this slavery […]

The streets of Nankin are sometimes strewed with gold leaf; very different are those of London: in the midst of their pavements, a great lazy puddle moves muddily along […]

1712, The miscellaneous works of Oliver Goldsmith, volume 4, page 11:

I cannot take a better illustration of this than that of gold leaf, because it brings before us the reason of this apparent difference in the time of the fall.

1860 January 7, The Chemical News, page 55:

After the gesso was quite smooth and even it was covered with thin layers of tempered bole, to form a colour ground under the gold leaf, and to provide a sleek, lustrous cushion for the under side of the gold to rest on while the burnisher was pressing on the top.

1956, Daniel Varney Thompson, The Materials and Techniques of Medieval Painting:

Today, gold leaf can be machine-beaten to 0.1 micron and to 0.05 micron when beaten by a skilled craftsman.

2001, Milton Ohring, Materials Science of Thin Films, page xix:


злато

zlato (romanization)
злато (nominative singular)
златѣ (dual nominative)
злата (nominative plural)
злата (genitive singular)
златоу (dual genitive)
златъ (genitive plural)
златоу (dative singular)
златома (dative dual)
златомъ (dative plural)
злато (accusative singular)
златѣ (accusative dual)
злата (accusative plural)
златомъ (instrumental singular)
златома (dual instrumental)
златꙑ (instrumental plural)
златѣ (locative singular)
златоу (dual locative)
златѣхъ (locative plural)
злато (singular vocative)
златѣ (dual vocative)
злата (plural vocative)

From Proto-Slavic *zolto. Cognate with Serbo-Croatian, Czech, Slovene and Slovak zlato, Belarusian золата (zólata), Bulgarian злато (zlato), Polish złoto, Russian and Ukrainian зо́лото (zóloto).


злато

зла̑то (canonical neuter)
zlȃto (romanization)
злато (nominative singular)
злата (nominative plural)
злата (genitive singular)
злата (genitive plural)
злату (dative singular)
златима (dative plural)
злато (accusative singular)
злата (accusative plural)
злато (singular vocative)
злата (plural vocative)
злату (locative singular)
златима (locative plural)
златом (instrumental singular)
златима (instrumental plural)


metalloid

(chemistry) An element, such as silicon or germanium, intermediate in properties between that of a metal and a nonmetal; especially an elemental semiconductor.

By some they [metals of the alkalies] were called metalloids; by some their simple nature was objected to

(chemistry, obsolete) The metallic base of a fixed alkali, or alkaline earth; applied to sodium, potassium, and some other metallic substances whose metallic character was supposed to be not well defined.


critical mass

en-noun

critical mass (countable and uncountable, plural critical masses)

[…] Rhodes calculated the uranium bomb would eventually need “about 42 kilograms – 92.6 pounds,” which Rhodes then stated was approximately 2.8 critical masses. In other words, critical mass can be calculated to be about 15 kilograms.

2016, Carter Hydrick, Critical Mass […] , 3rd edition, TrineDay, →ISBN:

(nuclear physics) The minimum amount of fissile material needed to support a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.

tolz eizik

the minimum amount of fissile material needed to a nuclear chain reaction


petrochemical

Another is a Bloomberg project we're participating in that looks beyond petrochemicals.

2023 September 19, Yessenia Funes, “The Father of Environmental Justice Exposes the Geography of Inequity”, in Scientific American:

(petrochemistry) Any compound derived from petroleum or natural gas.

peitriceimiceán

any compound derived from petroleum or natural gas


casing

(oil industry) A metal pipe used to line the borehole of a well.


gild

en-verb

gild (third-person singular simple present gilds, present participle gilding, simple past and past participle gilded or gilt)

gilds (present singular third-person)
gilding (participle present)
gilded (participle past)
gilded (past)
gilt (participle past)
gilt (past)

From Middle English gilden, gulden, from Old English gyldan (“to gild, to cover with a thin layer of gold”), from Proto-West Germanic *gulþijan, from Proto-Germanic *gulþijaną, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą (“gold”).

inh

High above the city, on a tall column, stood the statue of the Happy Prince. He was gilded all over with thin leaves of fine gold, for eyes he had two bright sapphires, and a large red ruby glowed on his sword-hilt.

1888 May, Oscar Wilde, “The Happy Prince”, in The Happy Prince and Other Tales, London: David Nutt, […], →OCLC, page 1:

(transitive) To cover with a thin layer of gold; to cover with gold leaf.


destructive distillation

en-noun

destructive distillation (countable and uncountable, plural destructive distillations)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) The heating of a material, such as coal or wood, in an inert atmosphere, at a high temperature such as to cause decomposition; the principal products include oils and tars from which many useful organic compounds may be obtained; town gas and coke were obtained in this way.


By swapping out less efficient federal vehicles for new hybrid and fuel efficient ones, this strategy will reduce gasoline consumption by 1.3 million gallons per year and prevent 26 million pounds of CO₂ from entering the atmosphere.

2009 April 9, Office of the Press Secretary, “President Obama Announces Accelerated Purchase of 17,600 New American Vehicles for Government Fleet”, in White House, archived from the original on 2010-03-10:


hydride

(inorganic chemistry) A compound of hydrogen with a more electropositive element.


atmophile

Goldschmidt classification
Goldschmidt classification

(chemistry, geology) In the Goldschmidt classification, a gaseous element that concentrates in the atmosphere.


Goldschmidt classification

Developed by Victor Goldschmidt (1888–1947).

(chemistry geology) a classification of the chemical elements into groups according to the part of the Earth where they tend to concentrate.

Goldschmidt classification
Victor Goldschmidt


chalcophile

(physical chemistry, geology) In the Goldschmidt classification, an element such as copper that forms sulfide minerals if enough sulfur is available.


lithophile

(chemistry, geology) in the Goldschmidt classification, an element that forms silicates or oxides and is concentrated in the minerals of the Earth's crust.


VDL

(oil industry) Initialism of variable density log.


verdigris

verdigris (countable and uncountable, plural verdigrises)

From Middle English vertegrez, from Old French verte grez (literally “acidic green”), an alteration of older verte de Grece (literally “green of Greece”). The modern French writing of this word is vert-de-gris (literally “green of gray”).

der

(organic chemistry, dated) Copper acetate.


dry ice

A genericised trademark of the DryIce Corporation of America.

Carbon dioxide frozen in the solid state, used especially as a cooling agent and for the production of fog-like special effects. It sublimes at −78.5 °C (−109.3 °F) at normal atmospheric pressure.

izotz lehor

carbon dioxide frozen in the solid state


siderophile

(chemistry, geology) In the Goldschmidt classification, an element that forms alloys easily with iron and is concentrated in the Earth's core.


itr

itr (nominative singular)
itru (genitive singular)
itrowi (dative singular)
itr (accusative singular)
itrem (instrumental singular)
itrze (locative singular)
itrze (singular vocative)


zirconia

en-noun

zirconia (countable and uncountable, plural zirconias)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-zirconia.wav

(chemistry) The oxide of zirconium, obtained as a white powder, and possessing both acid and basic properties. On account of its infusibility, and brilliant luminosity when incandescent, it is used as an ingredient of sticks for the Drummond light.


colliery

From the hillock a score of red paths diverged as black ones do from a colliery, one of them leading to the homestead itself […]

1938, Xavier Herbert, “Chapter VII”, in Capricornia, page 91:

(British) An underground coal mine, together with its surface buildings.


cracking

(organic chemistry, petrochemistry) The thermal decomposition of a substance, especially that of crude petroleum in order to produce petrol / gasoline.


prospector

A large number of prospectors have crossed over the divide to the British head waters of the Yukon, in search of the rich diggings found by a lucky few last year.

1886 June 9, “Geographical Notes”, in Science, volume VIII, number 179, New York: The Science Company, page 27:

The south polar region of Promethei Planum developed a Bermuda Triangle reputation. Satellites detected intermittent mass concentrations and magnetic field shifts. In 2148, prospectors working near Deseado Crater discovered an underground complex: a Prothean observation post. The odd phenomena were generated by the operation and discharge of a mass effect core, struggling to function despite fifty millennia of neglect.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Protheans: Mars Ruins Codex entry:

A person who explores or prospects an area in search of mineral deposits, such as gold.


aza

"However, aza N-atoms (~N=) have to be counted, if they replace methine groups in the chain."

2003, Heinrich Zollinger, Color Chemistry, →ISBN, page 73:

(organic chemistry, attributive) A nitrogen atom substituted for a carbon atom within a ring.


ferroalloy

Any alloy of iron and another metal, especially one of silicon, manganese, chromium, vanadium, tungsten, titanium and molybdenum; used in the production of specialist steels as they have a lower melting point than the pure metal.


tinsmith

"Then bring them to me," she said. And when the tinsmiths came, bringing with them all their tools in baskets, she inquired, "Can you straighten out those dents in the Tin Woodman, and bend him back into shape again, and solder him together where he is broken?"

1900 May 17, L[yman] Frank Baum, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chicago, Ill.; New York, N.Y.: Geo[rge] M[elvin] Hill Co., →OCLC:

A little later this was replaced by a new-fangled naphtha lamp made by a local tinsmith which gave a better light but emitted an evil smell.

1977, K.M. Elizabeth Murray, Caught in the Web of Words, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 23:

A person who makes or repairs things with tin or similar alloys.

калайджи́я

a person who makes or repairs things with tin


corrosion

corrosion (countable and uncountable, plural corrosions)

From Middle English corrosioun, from Old French corrosion, or its source, Late Latin corrōsiōnem, accusative singular of corrōsiō (“gnawing away, corroding”), from Latin corrōdō (“gnaw away, corrode”).

(physical chemistry) Erosion by chemical action, especially oxidation.


ferrite

ferrite (countable and uncountable, plural ferrites)

From New Latin, from Latin ferrum (“iron”) + -ite.

Technical terms like ferrite, perlite, graphite, and hardenite were bandied to and fro, and when Paget glibly brought out such a rare exotic as ferro-molybdenum, Benson forgot that he was a master ship-builder, […]

1928, Lawrence R. Bourne, chapter 4, in Well Tackled!:

The interstitial solid solution of carbon in body-centered cubic iron.

The actual hardware is obsolete; for example, the memories are of the old ferrite core type.

1986 June 6, Richard Feynman, “Personal observations on the reliability of the Shuttle”, in Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, Report to the President:

Any of a class of metal oxides which show ferrimagnetism; used in transformers, inductors, antennas, recording heads, microwave devices, motors and loudspeakers.

(inorganic chemistry) The anion FeO₂²⁻, and any of the salts (formally derived from the unknown ferrous acid) derived from it.


talis

talis (nominative)
talio (genitive)
taliui (dative)
talį (accusative)
taliu (instrumental)
talyje (locative)
tali (vocative)


Protium

de-noun

Protium n (strong, genitive Protiums, no plural)

Protiums (genitive)
Protium (nominative singular)
Protiums (genitive singular)
Protium (dative singular)
Protium (accusative singular)


protium

From proto- + -ium. From Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”).

So far there are no differences among the protiums extracted at various labs, except for concentration levels.

(physics) The lightest and most common isotope of hydrogen, having a single proton and no neutrons: ¹₁H. It is the only stable nuclide with no neutrons.


protium

protium (nominative singular)
protiumit (nominative plural)
protium (accusative nominative singular)
protiumit (accusative nominative plural)
protiumin (accusative genitive singular)
protiumit (accusative genitive plural)
protiumin (genitive singular)
protiumien (genitive plural)
protiumia (partitive singular)
protiumeja (partitive plural)
protiumissa (inessive singular)
protiumeissa (inessive plural)
protiumista (elative singular)
protiumeista (elative plural)
protiumiin (illative singular)
protiumeihin (illative plural)
protiumilla (adessive singular)
protiumeilla (adessive plural)
protiumilta (ablative singular)
protiumeilta (ablative plural)
protiumille (allative singular)
protiumeille (allative plural)
protiumina (essive singular)
protiumeina (essive plural)
protiumiksi (singular translative)
protiumeiksi (plural translative)
protiumitta (abessive singular)
protiumeitta (abessive plural)
protiumein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
protiumini (nominative singular)
protiumini (nominative plural)
protiumini (accusative nominative singular)
protiumini (accusative nominative plural)
protiumini (accusative genitive singular)
protiumini (accusative genitive plural)
protiumini (genitive singular)
protiumieni (genitive plural)
protiumiani (partitive singular)
protiumejani (partitive plural)
protiumissani (inessive singular)
protiumeissani (inessive plural)
protiumistani (elative singular)
protiumeistani (elative plural)
protiumiini (illative singular)
protiumeihini (illative plural)
protiumillani (adessive singular)
protiumeillani (adessive plural)
protiumiltani (ablative singular)
protiumeiltani (ablative plural)
protiumilleni (allative singular)
protiumeilleni (allative plural)
protiuminani (essive singular)
protiumeinani (essive plural)
protiumikseni (singular translative)
protiumeikseni (plural translative)
protiumittani (abessive singular)
protiumeittani (abessive plural)
protiumeineni (comitative plural)
protiumisi (nominative singular)
protiumisi (nominative plural)
protiumisi (accusative nominative singular)
protiumisi (accusative nominative plural)
protiumisi (accusative genitive singular)
protiumisi (accusative genitive plural)
protiumisi (genitive singular)
protiumiesi (genitive plural)
protiumiasi (partitive singular)
protiumejasi (partitive plural)
protiumissasi (inessive singular)
protiumeissasi (inessive plural)
protiumistasi (elative singular)
protiumeistasi (elative plural)
protiumiisi (illative singular)
protiumeihisi (illative plural)
protiumillasi (adessive singular)
protiumeillasi (adessive plural)
protiumiltasi (ablative singular)
protiumeiltasi (ablative plural)
protiumillesi (allative singular)
protiumeillesi (allative plural)
protiuminasi (essive singular)
protiumeinasi (essive plural)
protiumiksesi (singular translative)
protiumeiksesi (plural translative)
protiumittasi (abessive singular)
protiumeittasi (abessive plural)
protiumeinesi (comitative plural)
protiumimme (nominative singular)
protiumimme (nominative plural)
protiumimme (accusative nominative singular)
protiumimme (accusative nominative plural)
protiumimme (accusative genitive singular)
protiumimme (accusative genitive plural)
protiumimme (genitive singular)
protiumiemme (genitive plural)
protiumiamme (partitive singular)
protiumejamme (partitive plural)
protiumissamme (inessive singular)
protiumeissamme (inessive plural)
protiumistamme (elative singular)
protiumeistamme (elative plural)
protiumiimme (illative singular)
protiumeihimme (illative plural)
protiumillamme (adessive singular)
protiumeillamme (adessive plural)
protiumiltamme (ablative singular)
protiumeiltamme (ablative plural)
protiumillemme (allative singular)
protiumeillemme (allative plural)
protiuminamme (essive singular)
protiumeinamme (essive plural)
protiumiksemme (singular translative)
protiumeiksemme (plural translative)
protiumittamme (abessive singular)
protiumeittamme (abessive plural)
protiumeinemme (comitative plural)
protiuminne (nominative singular)
protiuminne (nominative plural)
protiuminne (accusative nominative singular)
protiuminne (accusative nominative plural)
protiuminne (accusative genitive singular)
protiuminne (accusative genitive plural)
protiuminne (genitive singular)
protiumienne (genitive plural)
protiumianne (partitive singular)
protiumejanne (partitive plural)
protiumissanne (inessive singular)
protiumeissanne (inessive plural)
protiumistanne (elative singular)
protiumeistanne (elative plural)
protiumiinne (illative singular)
protiumeihinne (illative plural)
protiumillanne (adessive singular)
protiumeillanne (adessive plural)
protiumiltanne (ablative singular)
protiumeiltanne (ablative plural)
protiumillenne (allative singular)
protiumeillenne (allative plural)
protiuminanne (essive singular)
protiumeinanne (essive plural)
protiumiksenne (singular translative)
protiumeiksenne (plural translative)
protiumittanne (abessive singular)
protiumeittanne (abessive plural)
protiumeinenne (comitative plural)
protiuminsa (nominative singular)
protiuminsa (nominative plural)
protiuminsa (accusative nominative singular)
protiuminsa (accusative nominative plural)
protiuminsa (accusative genitive singular)
protiuminsa (accusative genitive plural)
protiuminsa (genitive singular)
protiumiensa (genitive plural)
protiumiaan (partitive singular)
protiumiansa (partitive singular)
protiumejaan (partitive plural)
protiumejansa (partitive plural)
protiumissaan (inessive singular)
protiumissansa (inessive singular)
protiumeissaan (inessive plural)
protiumeissansa (inessive plural)
protiumistaan (elative singular)
protiumistansa (elative singular)
protiumeistaan (elative plural)
protiumeistansa (elative plural)
protiumiinsa (illative singular)
protiumeihinsa (illative plural)
protiumillaan (adessive singular)
protiumillansa (adessive singular)
protiumeillaan (adessive plural)
protiumeillansa (adessive plural)
protiumiltaan (ablative singular)
protiumiltansa (ablative singular)
protiumeiltaan (ablative plural)
protiumeiltansa (ablative plural)
protiumilleen (allative singular)
protiumillensa (allative singular)
protiumeilleen (allative plural)
protiumeillensa (allative plural)
protiuminaan (essive singular)
protiuminansa (essive singular)
protiumeinaan (essive plural)
protiumeinansa (essive plural)
protiumikseen (singular translative)
protiumiksensa (singular translative)
protiumeikseen (plural translative)
protiumeiksensa (plural translative)
protiumittaan (abessive singular)
protiumittansa (abessive singular)
protiumeittaan (abessive plural)
protiumeittansa (abessive plural)
protiumeineen (comitative plural)
protiumeinensa (comitative plural)


chromous

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chromous.wav

(chemistry) of, relating to, or containing chromium, especially in oxidation state 2


chromic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chromic.wav

(chemistry) of, relating to, or containing chromium, especially in oxidation state 3


berilijum

sh-noun

bèrīlijum m (Cyrillic spelling бѐрӣлијум)

bèrīlijum (canonical masculine)
бѐрӣлијум (Cyrillic)


berilij

berílij (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
berílij (nominative singular)
berílija (genitive singular)
beríliju (dative singular)
berílij (accusative singular)
beríliju (locative singular)
berílijem (instrumental singular)


litij

lítij (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
lítij (nominative singular)
lítija (genitive singular)
lítiju (dative singular)
lítij (accusative singular)
lítiju (locative singular)
lítijem (instrumental singular)


agon

[ʔaː˧˧ ɣəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˧˦ ɣəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˧˨ʔ ɣəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ɣəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˦˧˥ ɣəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˨˩ʔ ɣəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaː˧˧ ɣəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˦˥ ɣəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʔaːk̚˨˩˨ ɣəwŋ͡m˧˧]

From French argon, from English argon, from New Latin argon, from Ancient Greek ἀργόν (argón).


helij

hẹ́lij (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
hélij (nominative singular)
hélija (genitive singular)
héliju (dative singular)
hélij (accusative singular)
héliju (locative singular)
hélijem (instrumental singular)


bromo-

(organic chemistry) bromo- (containing bromine)


бакар

mk-noun

бакар • (bakar) m (relational adjective бакарен)

bakar (romanization)
бакарен (adjective relational)
бакар (indefinite singular)
бакарот (definite singular unspecified)
бакаров (definite proximal singular)
бакарон (definite distal singular)
бакару (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish باقیر (bakır), from Proto-Turkic *bakïr.


бакар

head

бакар (bakar) m inan (related adjective бакарни or бакарови)

bakar (romanization)
бакарни (adjective)
бакарови (adjective)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian бакар／bakar, from Ottoman Turkish باقیر (bakır), from Proto-Turkic *bakïr.


ताम्र

tāmrá (romanization)
ताम्रम् (nominative singular)
ताम्रे (dual nominative)
ताम्राणि (nominative plural)
ताम्रा1 (nominative plural)
ताम्र (singular vocative)
ताम्रे (dual vocative)
ताम्राणि (plural vocative)
ताम्रा1 (plural vocative)
ताम्रम् (accusative singular)
ताम्रे (accusative dual)
ताम्राणि (accusative plural)
ताम्रा1 (accusative plural)
ताम्रेण (instrumental singular)
ताम्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ताम्रैः (instrumental plural)
ताम्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ताम्राय (dative singular)
ताम्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
ताम्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
ताम्रात् (ablative singular)
ताम्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ताम्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ताम्रस्य (genitive singular)
ताम्रयोः (dual genitive)
ताम्राणाम् (genitive plural)
ताम्रे (locative singular)
ताम्रयोः (dual locative)
ताम्रेषु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀢𑀁𑀩 (taṃba)

Fiji Hindi: tamba

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: තඹ (taᵐba)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: তাম (tam)

Bengali: তামা (tama)

→ Atong (India): tama

Hajong: তামা

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀁𑀩 (taṃba)

Marathi: तांबे (tāmbe)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀢𑀁𑀩 (taṃba)

desc

Sindhi: ٽامو, टामो

Sindhi: ٽامو, टामो

Gujarati: તાંબું (tā̃bũ)

Hindustani:

Hindi: ताँबा (tāmbā)

Urdu: تانبا

Punjabi: ਤਾਂਬਾ (tāmbā)

→ Hindi: ताम्र (tāmra)

→ Kannada: ತಾಮ್ರ (tāmra)

→ Malayalam: താമ്ര (tāmra), താമ്രം (tāmraṁ)

→ Tulu: താംബ്ര (tāmbra)

→ Sindhi: टामो

→ Tamil: தாமிரம் (tāmiram)

→ Telugu: తామ్రము (tāmramu)

⇒ Sanskrit: ताम्रक (tāmraka)

→ Javanese: tembaga

→ Malay: tembaga

→ Indonesian: tembaga

→ Dutch: tombak

→ Danish: tombak

→ German: Tombak

→ English: tombak, tombac

→ French: tombac

→ Italian: tombacco

→ Pashto: ټومباک

→ Pashto: ټومباک

→ Portuguese: tambaque, tambaca

→ Russian: томпа́к (tompák)

→ Spanish: tumbaga

→ English: tumbaga

Related to तमस् (tamas, “gloom, darkness, obscurity”), as copper is a dark-colored metal, perhaps via a Proto-Indo-European form *tm̥H-ró-, with the long ā vowel perhaps stemming from analogical influence of forms in तम् (tam).


gaz

pl-noun

gaz m inan (diminutive gazik, related adjective gazowy)

gazik (diminutive)
gazowy (adjective)
gaz (nominative singular)
gazy (nominative plural)
gazu (genitive singular)
gazów (genitive plural)
gazowi (dative singular)
gazom (dative plural)
gaz (accusative singular)
gazy (accusative plural)
gazem (instrumental singular)
gazami (instrumental plural)
gazie (locative singular)
gazach (locative plural)
gazie (singular vocative)
gazy (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: gaz

Borrowed from French gaz. First attested in the end of the 19th century. Compare Silesian gaz.

ref

Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “gaz”, in Słownik języka polskiego

(countable, chemistry) gas (matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma that can be contained only if it is fully surrounded by a solid; chemical element or compound in such a state)

(uncountable, colloquial) gas (amount of gasoline sent to the engine as controlled by the driver by means of the gas pedal)

Weż no i zapal gaz, co tamój stoi na policy. (Far Masovian)

Take and burn the kerosene that's standing on the shelf.

(regional, Far Masovian) paraffin, kerosene


gaz

Borrowed from German Gas. Compare Polish gaz.


petróleo

From Medieval Latin petroleum, from Latin petra + oleum.


petróleo

From Medieval Latin petroleum, from Latin petra (“rock”) + oleum (“oil”).


petróleo

→ Cebuano: petrolyo

→ Tagalog: petrolyo

Borrowed from Medieval Latin petroleum, from Latin petra + oleum.


polytetrafluoroethylene

en-noun

polytetrafluoroethylene (countable and uncountable, plural polytetrafluoroethylenes)

/ˌpɑlitɛtɹəˌflɔɹoʊˈɛθɪlin/

/ˌpɒlitɛtɹəˌflɔːɹəʊˈɛθɪliːn/

A tough synthetic resin used to make seals and bearings and to create a nonstick coating on cooking utensils.


yellow phosphorus

white phosphorus
white phosphorus#English


black phosphorus

The least reactive of the allotropes of phosphorus; it has no significant commercial use.

phosphorene

the graphene analogous derivative of black phosphorus, where black phosphorus is a graphite analog


red phosphorus

Coordinate term: white phosphorus

(chemistry) A stable allotrope of phosphorus, used in the manufacture of safety matches, pesticides, etc.


enrichment

enrichment (countable and uncountable, plural enrichments)


white phosphorus

The IDF spokesperson provided no comment on whether it had halted the practice, or the reported use of white phosphorus in Gaza, a densely populated area and home to more than 2 million people.

2023 October 9, Ruth Michaelson, Ben Doherty, “Israel ‘going on the offensive’ after retaking territories overrun by Hamas”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

phosphorus pentoxide
phosphorus pentoxide

(chemistry) The most common allotrope of phosphorus; a yellow-white waxy solid that is insoluble in water and spontaneously combusts on exposure to air to form clouds of phosphorus pentoxide; used as a military smokescreen and as an incendiary weapon.


kaliforn

kaliforn (nominative singular)
kalifornu (genitive singular)
kalifornowi (dative singular)
kaliforn (accusative singular)
kalifornem (instrumental singular)
kalifornie (locative singular)
kalifornie (singular vocative)


enrich

en-verb

enrich (third-person singular simple present enriches, present participle enriching, simple past and past participle enriched)

enriches (present singular third-person)
enriching (participle present)
enriched (participle past)
enriched (past)

From Middle English enrichen, from Anglo-Norman enrichir and Old French enrichier.

(physics, transitive) To increase the amount of one isotope in a mixture of isotopes, especially in a nuclear fuel. [from 20th c.]

verryk

to increase the amount of one isotope in a mixture of isotopes


периодическая система

ru-noun+

периоди́ческая

периоди́ческая систе́ма • (periodíčeskaja sistéma) f inan (genitive периоди́ческой систе́мы, uncountable)

периоди́ческая систе́ма (canonical)
periodíčeskaja sistéma (romanization)
периоди́ческой систе́мы (genitive)
периоди́ческая систе́ма (nominative singular)
периоди́ческой систе́мы (genitive singular)
периоди́ческой систе́ме (dative singular)
периоди́ческую систе́му (accusative singular)
периоди́ческой систе́мой (instrumental singular)
периоди́ческою систе́мою (instrumental singular)
периоди́ческой систе́ме (prepositional singular)

[pʲɪrʲɪɐˈdʲit͡ɕɪskəjə sʲɪˈsʲtʲemə]

периоди́ческая систе́ма (хими́ческих) элеме́нтов ― periodíčeskaja sistéma (ximíčeskix) eleméntov ― periodic table of elements

ru:периодическая система

en-периодическая_система-ru-noun-ucy8rRWc

liquid

Color of the number (state of matter at STP)


ベリリウム

[be̞ɾʲiɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]

Beryllium
Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:ベリリウム
ja:松村明


リチウム

[ɾʲit͡ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]

Borrowed from New Latin lithium by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1837 in his book 舎密開宗 (Seimi Kaisō, “Introduction to Chemistry”). Later influenced by German Lithium, English lithium.

Daijisen
Kōjien
Lithium
Shinmura Izuru
ja:リチウム
ja:松村明


ヘリウム

[he̞ɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]

Borrowed from English helium, German Helium, from New Latin helium.

ヘリウム気球

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:ヘリウム
ja:松村明


ホウ素

ホウ素 (canonical)
hōso (romanization)
fauso (romanization)
はうそ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 硼 (hō, “borax”) + 素 (so, “element”). First used by Ishiguro Tadanori in Kagaku Kunmō in 1870, probably from 蓬(ほう)砂(しゃ)素(そ) (hōshaso) in Seimi Kaisō by Udagawa Yōan, which is a calque of Dutch boraxstof.

lang

日本各地の明治中期の理科授業筆記の発見と当時の元素教育

日本各地の明治中期の理科授業筆記の発見と当時の元素教育

Boron
Daijirin
Ishiguro Tadanori
Udagawa Yōan
ja:ホウ素


炭素

/tʰuã¹¹⁻⁵³ sɔ¹¹/

/tʰuã²¹⁻⁴¹ sɔ²¹/

/tʰuã¹¹⁻⁵³ sɔ¹¹/

/tʰuã²¹⁻⁴¹ sɔ²¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 炭(たん)素(そ) (tanso).

1926, 張基全 (Tiuⁿ Ki-chôan), 酒佮健康 (Chiú kap Kiān-khong)

卵白質，伊ê成分是炭素，水素，酸素，窒素，伊ê路用是會hō͘人ê身軀得著勢力，也是hō͘細胞加添新ê。

卵白质，伊ê成分是炭素，水素，酸素，窒素，伊ê路用是会hō͘人ê身躯得着势力，也是hō͘细胞加添新ê。


ozon

ozon (nominative singular)
ozonu (genitive singular)
ozonowi (dative singular)
ozon (accusative singular)
ozonem (instrumental singular)
ozonie (locative singular)
ozonie (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English ozone, French ozone, German Ozon, ultimately from Ancient Greek ὄζον (ózon).


ナトリウム

[na̠to̞ɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]

Borrowed from German Natrium, from New Latin natrium.


マグネシウム

[ma̠ɡɯ̟ne̞ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]

Named for the magnesium ore in talc found in the Magnesia region of Greece, as given by English chemist Davy in the first half of the 19th century


酸素

/sŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ²¹/

/sŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ¹¹/

/saŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sɔ²¹/

/saŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ sɔ¹¹/

/saŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sɤʔ³²/

/saŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ soʔ³²/

/sŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ²¹/

/sŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ sɔ¹¹/

/saŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sɔ²¹/

/saŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ sɔ¹¹/

/saŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sɤʔ³²/

/saŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ soʔ³²/

出了象牙之塔, translated from Kuriyagawa Hakuson's book 象牙の塔を出て (Leave the Ivory Tower!) by Lu Xun

酸素和水素造成的純一無雜的水，這樣的東西，如果是有生命的自然界中，是不存在的。

酸素和水素造成的纯一无杂的水，这样的东西，如果是有生命的自然界中，是不存在的。

(rare, chiefly Taiwanese Hokkien) oxygen

While looking at his mother wearing an oxygen mask in the hospital room, Png Iau-khian (Fang Yaoqian) thought of her childhood dreams, and he must have had so many feelings; ...

Png Iāu-khiân khòaⁿ-tio̍h pēⁿ-pâng lāi-té tàu sàng-sòo ê a-bú, siūⁿ-tio̍h i sè-hàn sî ê goān-bōng, it-tēng ū chin chē kám-chhiok;......

方耀乾看著病房內底鬥sàng-sòo的阿母，想著伊細漢時的願望，一定有真濟感觸；……

方耀乾看著病房内底斗sàng-sòo的阿母，想著伊细汉时的愿望，一定有真济感触；……


窒素

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ su⁵¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ sɔ²¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ sɔ¹¹/

/t͡siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sɔ¹¹/

/t͡siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sɔ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ su⁵¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ sɔ²¹/

/t͡sit̚³²⁻⁴ sɔ¹¹/

/t͡siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sɔ¹¹/

/t͡siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ sɔ²¹/

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 窒(ちっ)素(そ) (chisso).

wasei kango

Again, a type of chemist would use the air's nitrogen to make fertilizer for plants through electrical reaction so that ordinary farming can have better harvest. That's why it is inevitable that we think chemistry is inseparable from our lives, and it also lets use know that God gave humans knowledge to indirectly create things to benefit the world.

1927, 張基全 (Tiuⁿ Ki-chôan), 一般科學之常識 (It-poaⁿ kho-ha̍k ê siông-sek)

Koh-chài chi̍t khoán hòa-ha̍k chiá ōe ēng khong-tiong ê chit-sò͘ ēng tiān-khì ê chok-iōng hō͘ i pìⁿ-chòe si̍t-bu̍t ê pûi-liāu, hō͘ it-poaⁿ ê chèng-choh khah hó siu-sêng, só͘-í bōe bián-tit hō͘ lán tio̍h siūⁿ hòa-ha̍k kap lán jîn-seng si̍t-chāi ū put-khó hun-lī bi̍t-chiap ê koan-hē iā hō͘ lán thang chai Siōng-tè siúⁿ-sù sè-kan lâng, ū tì-sek thang kan-chiap chhòng-chō mi̍h thang lī-ek sè-kan.

閣再一款化學者會用空中的窒素用電氣的作用予伊變做植物的肥料，予一般的種作較好收成，所以袂免得予咱著想化學佮咱人生實在有不可分離密接的關係也予咱通知上帝賞賜世間人，有智識通間接創造物通利益世間。

阁再一款化学者会用空中的窒素用电气的作用予伊变做植物的肥料，予一般的种作较好收成，所以袂免得予咱着想化学佮咱人生实在有不可分离密接的关系也予咱通知上帝赏赐世间人，有智识通间接创造物通利益世间。

(rare, chiefly Taiwanese Hokkien) nitrogen


カルシウム

[ka̠ɾɯ̟ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]

From Dutch calcium or English calcium, from New Latin calcium.

calcium (chemical element of atomic number 20)


イットリウム

[it̚to̞ɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


マンガン

From Dutch mangaan. Already used by Udagawa Yōan in Seimi Kaisō (1837).

ruby

􂀿以􂁀(イ)􂀿呂􂁀(ロ)􂀿波􂁀(ハ)

以(イ)呂(ロ)波(ハ)

􂀿麻􂁀(マ)􂀿倔􂁀(ク)􂀿涅􂁀(子)􂀿叟􂁀(シウ゚)􂀿母􂁀(ム)

麻(マ)倔(ク)涅(子)叟(シウ゚)母(ム)

􂀿滿􂁀(マン)􂀿瓦􂁀(ガ)􂀿紐􂁀(ニュ)􂀿母􂁀(ム)

滿(マン)瓦(ガ)紐(ニュ)母(ム)


ストロンチウム

[sɨ̥to̞ɾõ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ジルコニウム

[d͡ʑiɾɯ̟ko̞ɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]


ルテニウム

[ɾɯ̟te̞ɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]


テクネチウム

[te̞kɯ̟ne̞t͡ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ロジウム

rojiumu (romanization)
rodiumu (romanization)
ロヂウム (historical katakana)

[ɾo̞ʑiɯ̟mɯ̟]


クリプトン

[kɯ̟ɾʲipɯ̟̊tõ̞ɴ]


ルビジウム

[ɾɯ̟bʲiʑiɯ̟mɯ̟]


パラジウム

ja-noun

パラジウム • (parajiumu) ^(←パラヂウム (paradiumu)?)

parajiumu (romanization)
paradiumu (romanization)
パラヂウム (historical katakana)

[pa̠ɾa̠ʑiɯ̟mɯ̟]


セシウム

[se̞ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ガドリニウム

[ɡa̠do̞ɾʲiɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]


サマリウム

[sa̠ma̠ɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


イッテルビウム

[it̚te̞ɾɯ̟bʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


テルビウム

[te̞ɾɯ̟bʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ツリウム

[t͡sɨɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ジスプロシウム

[d͡ʑisɨ̥pɯ̟ɾo̞ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]


プロメチウム

[pɯ̟ɾo̞me̞t͡ɕiɯ̟mɯ̟]


ハフニウム

[ha̠ɸɯ̟ɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]


エルビウム

[e̞ɾɯ̟bʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


セリウム

[se̞ɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]


インジウム

[ĩɲ̟d͡ʑiɯ̟mɯ̟]


バリウム

[ba̠ɾʲiɯ̟mɯ̟]

Borrowed from New Latin barium by Japanese scientist Udagawa Yōan in 1837 in his book 舎密開宗 (Seimi Kaisō, “Introduction to Chemistry”).


希ガス

From 希 (ki, “rare”) + ガス (gasu, “gas”). Compare Chinese 稀有氣體／稀有气体 (xīyǒu qìtǐ), Vietnamese khí hiếm (literally “rare gas”).
希 is a daiyōji replacing 稀.


ポロニウム

[po̞ɾo̞ɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]


レニウム

[ɾe̞ɲ̟iɯ̟mɯ̟]


アスタチン

[a̠sɨta̠t͡ɕĩɴ]


сребро

срѐбро (canonical neuter)
srèbro (romanization)
сребро (nominative singular)
сребра (genitive singular)
сребру (dative singular)
сребро (accusative singular)
сребро (singular vocative)
сребру (locative singular)
сребром (instrumental singular)


srebro

srebro (nominative singular)
srebra (genitive singular)
srebru (dative singular)
srebro (accusative singular)
srebrem (instrumental singular)
srebrze (locative singular)
srebro (singular vocative)

→ Belarusian: срэ́бра (srébra)

→ Ukrainian: срі́бло (sríblo)


srebro

srèbro (canonical neuter)
срѐбро (Cyrillic)
srebro (nominative singular)
srebra (genitive singular)
srebru (dative singular)
srebro (accusative singular)
srebro (singular vocative)
srebru (locative singular)
srebrom (instrumental singular)


indite

(mineralogy) An extremely rare indium-iron sulfide mineral.


járn

Icelandic: járn

Faroese: jarn

Norwegian Nynorsk: jarn

Jamtish: járn

Elfdalian: ienn

Old Swedish: iærn, iarn

Swedish: järn

Old Danish: jarn, iærn, iarn

Danish: jern, jærn

Norwegian Bokmål: jern

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: jern (partially from dialects with j-umlaut)

Scanian: jærn

Gutnish: jan

From Proto-Germanic *īsarną, from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”). Cognate with Old English īsern and Old High German isarn.


silicone rubber

en-noun

silicone rubber (countable and uncountable, plural silicone rubbers)

A variety of synthetic polymeric silicones having physical properties similar to natural rubber but increased chemical stability


galli

New Latin, from Latin Gallia (“France”).


jern

head

jern n (singular definite jernet, plural indefinite jern)

jernet (definite singular)
jern (indefinite plural)
jern (indefinite nominative singular)
jernet (definite nominative singular)
jern (indefinite nominative plural)
jernene (definite nominative plural)
jerns (genitive indefinite singular)
jernets (definite genitive singular)
jerns (genitive indefinite plural)
jernenes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Danish jarn, from Old Norse járn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną, cognate with English iron and German Eisen. The Germanic word is an old loan from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom, cf. Irish iarann.

(uncountable, metal, chemistry) iron (metallic chemical element having atomic number 26, and symbol Fe)


jeweller's rouge

A mild red polishing abrasive made from finely ground iron oxide (rust), used by jewellers and lens-makers for finishing surfaces, and as a red pigment in paints.


avgas

en-noun

avgas (countable and uncountable, plural avgases or avgasses)

Cylinder cracks are nothing new, however, and there is no reason to expect autogas-burning engines to have a higher incidence of head cracking than avgas-users

1988, Kas Thomas, Fuel and oil systems: basic and advanced light plane maintenance:

In the area of autogas volatility, a Reid vapor pressure of 9.0 to 15 is very common, compared to the vapor pressure of avgas, which is 5.5 to 7

1994, Michael J. Kroes with Thomas W. Wild, Aircraft powerplants:

Autogas can be obtained for a fraction of the cost of avgas, but its use is not without controversy.

2006, Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, The AOPA pilot: voice of general aviation, volume 49:

(aviation) Gasoline fuel for piston-engined aircraft.


iron oxide

iron oxide (countable and uncountable, plural iron oxides)

(chemistry) Either of two compounds obtained by the reaction of oxygen on iron. Generally known as rust when hydrated.


eka-

(chemistry) Used to form prototype names for as-yet undiscovered elements, when prepended to the known element above them in the same group of the periodic table.


boro-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-boro-.wav