egg

en-verb

egg (third-person singular simple present eggs, present participle egging, simple past and past participle egged)

eggs (present singular third-person)
egging (participle present)
egged (participle past)
egged (past)

The noun is derived from Middle English eg, egg, egge (“egg of a domestic or wild fowl; egg of a snake”) [and other forms] (originally Northern England and Northeast Midlands), from Old Norse egg (“egg”), from Proto-Germanic *ajją (“egg”) (by Holtzmann’s law), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”), probably from *h₂éwis (“bird”), from *h₂ew- (“to clothe oneself, dress; to be dressed”) (in the sense of an animal clothed in feathers). Doublet of huevo, oeuf, and ovum.
The native English ey [and other forms] (plural eyren) (obsolete), from Old English ǣġ, is also derived from Proto-Germanic *ajją. It survived into at least c. 16th century before being fully displaced by egg.
The verb is derived from the noun.

qualifier

"Jemima, Jemima!—ve'll ha'e the viting biled instead of fried." "Ca'n't, marm," replied Jemima, "they be all hegged and crumbed, with their tails in their mouths."

[1833, [Frederick Marryat], chapter I, in Peter Simple. […], volume I, London: Saunders and Otley, […], published 1834, →OCLC, page 8:

Then mask another large piece with currant jelly, cover it as before, and after egging the edges, roll them over some coarse sugar, and put them immediately in the oven. Join the remaining pieces in the same manner, two and two, and after egging the edges as before, roll them alternately on pistachios and coarse sugar.

1834, M[arie-]A[ntoine] Carême, edited by John Porter, The Royal Parisian Pastrycook and Confectioner: […], London: F. J. Mason, […], →OCLC, page 163:

(cooking) To coat (a food ingredient) with or dip (a food ingredient) in beaten egg (noun sense 1.1.1) during the process of preparing a dish.

kastaa kananmunaan

to coat (a food ingredient) with or dip (a food ingredient) in beaten egg during the process of preparing a dish


dish

en-noun

dish (countable and uncountable, plural dishes)

Tok Pisin: dis

From Middle English dissh, disch, from Old English disċ (“plate; bowl; dish”), from Proto-West Germanic *disk (“table; dish”), from Latin discus. Doublet of dais, desk, disc, discus, disk, and diskos.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots disch (“dish; plate”), Dutch dis (“table”), German Low German Disk, Disch (“table”), German Tisch (“table”), Danish disk (“dish; counter”), Swedish disk (“dish; counter”), Icelandic diskur (“dish; plate”), Finnish tiski (“desk, counter; dish”).

doublet

It's your turn to wash the dishes.

en:in the plural, dirty dishes needing cleaning

(in the plural) Tableware (including cutlery, etc, as well as crockery) that is to be or is being washed after being used to prepare, serve and eat a meal.

the dish of a wheel

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909

(dated) The state of being concave, like a dish, or the degree of such concavity.

He said, "I don't like your chances at the dish [home plate] tonight."

2008, Paul Byrd, Free Byrd: The Power of a Liberated Life, page 4:

At the plate, Graham pounded the dish three times, just like Bubbles did whenever he was up, […]

2009, Loren Long, Phil Bildner, Magic in the Outfield, page 40:

Also, if you end up getting to the baseball, your pitcher needs to be covering home plate, which pitchers occasionally forget to do. However, if the ball stays near the dish and you have a pitcher on the mound who isn't a space-case, you've got a good shot to get the runner out.

2014, Conor Kelley, The Catcher's Handbook, page 87:


ear

Tok Pisin: ia

From Middle English ere, eare, from Old English ēare (“ear”), from Proto-West Germanic *auʀā, from the voiced Verner alternant of Proto-Germanic *ausô (“ear”) (compare Scots ear, West Frisian ear, Dutch oor, German Ohr, Swedish öra, Danish øre), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws (compare Old Irish áu, Latin auris, Lithuanian ausìs, Russian у́хо (úxo), Albanian vesh, Ancient Greek οὖς (oûs), Old Armenian ունկն (unkn), and Persian گوش (gôš)).

you can't make a silk purse of a sow's ear

(baking) A curled ridge in the crust of a loaf of bread where the dough was slashed before going into the oven and expands during baking.


pain

From Middle English payn (“a kind of pie with a soft crust”), from Old French pain (“bread”).

inh

gammon pain; Spanish pain

(obsolete, cooking) Any of various breads stuffed with a filling.


led

lẹ̑d (canonical inanimate masculine)
lẹ̑d (nominative singular)
ledȏva (dual nominative)
ledȏvi (nominative plural)
ledȗ (genitive singular)
ledóv (dual genitive)
ledóv (genitive plural)
lẹ̑du (dative singular)
lẹ̑di (dative singular)
ledȏvoma (dative dual)
ledȏvama (dative dual)
ledȏvom (dative plural)
lẹ̑dȏvam (dative plural)
lẹ̑d (accusative singular)
ledȏva (accusative dual)
ledȏve (accusative plural)
lẹ̑du (locative singular)
lẹ̑di (locative singular)
ledȏvih (dual locative)
ledȏvih (locative plural)
lẹ̑dom (instrumental singular)
ledȏvoma (dual instrumental)
ledȏvama (dual instrumental)
ledȏvi (instrumental plural)
lẹ̑d (singular vocative)
ledȏva (dual vocative)
ledȏvi (plural vocative)
lẹ̑d (nominative singular)
ledȏva (dual nominative)
ledȏvi (nominative plural)
lẹ̑da (genitive singular)
ledóv (dual genitive)
ledóv (genitive plural)
lẹ̑du (dative singular)
lẹ̑di (dative singular)
ledȏvoma (dative dual)
ledȏvama (dative dual)
ledȏvom (dative plural)
lẹ̑dȏvam (dative plural)
lẹ̑d (accusative singular)
ledȏva (accusative dual)
ledȏve (accusative plural)
lẹ̑du (locative singular)
lẹ̑di (locative singular)
ledȏvih (dual locative)
ledȏvih (locative plural)
lẹ̑dom (instrumental singular)
ledȏvoma (dual instrumental)
ledȏvama (dual instrumental)
ledȏvi (instrumental plural)
lẹ̑d (singular vocative)
ledȏva (dual vocative)
ledȏvi (plural vocative)

sl-infl-noun

no

no

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ledъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ledús.

sveti Matija led razbija, če ga ni, ga pa naredi


spun

Spun no de.


spun

spuns (nominative plural)
spun (nominative singular)
spuns (nominative plural)
spuna (genitive singular)
spunas (genitive plural)
spune (dative singular)
spunes (dative plural)
spuni (accusative singular)
spunis (accusative plural)
o spun! (singular vocative)
o spuns! (plural vocative)
spunu (predicative singular)
spunus (plural predicative)


prove

From Middle English proven, from Old English prōfian (“to esteem, regard as, evince, try, prove”) and Old French prover (“to prove”), both from Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”). Displaced native Middle English sothen (“to prove”), from Old English sōþian (“to prove”). Doublet of probe. More at for, be, soothe.

der

You may also need to think about what the prove is doing to the loaf of bread — it is warming the dough and making it moist, allowing it to rise […]

2009, Paul Allam, David McGuinness, Bourke Street Bakery: the ultimate baking companion:


bear

en-noun

bear (countable and uncountable, plural bears)

Belizean Creole: byaa

→ Hawaiian: pea

→ Irish: béar

→ Maori: pea

→ Niuean: pea

→ Tahitian: pea

→ Tokelauan: pea

→ Wallisian: pea

→ Xhosa: ibhere

From Middle English bere, from Old English bera, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô (compare West Frisian bear, Dutch beer, German Bär, Danish bjørn).
etymology notes
This is generally taken to be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“shining, brown”) (compare Tocharian A parno, Tocharian B perne (“radiant, luminous”), Lithuanian bė́ras (“brown”)), related to brown, bruin, and beaver.
On this theory, the Germanic languages replaced the older name of the bear, *h₂ŕ̥tḱos, with the epithet "brown one", presumably due to taboo avoidance; compare Russian медве́дь (medvédʹ, “bear”, literally “honey-eater”).
However, Ringe (2006:106) doubts the existence of a root *bʰer- meaning "brown" ("an actual PIE word of [the requisite] shape and meaning is not recoverable") and suggests that a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwer- (“wild animal”) "should therefore perhaps be preferred", implying a Germanic merger of *ǵʰw and *gʷʰ (*gʷʰ may sometimes result in Germanic *b, perhaps e.g. in *bidjaną, but it also seems to have given the g in gun and the w in warm).

der

don't sell the skin till you have caught the bear

sometimes you eat the bear and sometimes the bear eats you

We had barbecued bear for dinner.

A large, generally omnivorous mammal (a few species are purely carnivorous or herbivorous), related to the dog and raccoon, having shaggy hair, a very small tail, and flat feet; a member of the family Ursidae.

(cooking, uncountable) The meat of this animal.


stiff

en-adj

stiff (comparative stiffer, superlative stiffest)

stiffer (comparative)
stiffest (superlative)

From Middle English stiff, stiffe, stif, from Old English stīf, from Proto-West Germanic *stīf, from Proto-Germanic *stīfaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steypós.
See also West Frisian stiif, Dutch stijf, Norwegian Bokmål stiv, German steif; also Latin stīpes, stīpō, from which English stevedore.
The expected Modern English form would be /staɪf/; /stɪf/ is probably originally from compounds such as stiffly, where the vowel was shortened before a consonant cluster.

beat the egg whites until they are stiff

(cooking, of whipping cream or egg whites) Beaten until so aerated that they stand up straight on their own.


spin

en-verb

spin (third-person singular simple present spins, present participle spinning, simple past spun or (uncommon) span or (nonstandard) spinned, past participle spun or (nonstandard) spinned)

spins (present singular third-person)
spinning (participle present)
spun (past)
span (past uncommon)
spinned (nonstandard past)
spun (participle past)
spinned (nonstandard participle past)

From Middle English spinnen, from Old English spinnan, from Proto-Germanic *spinnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁-. Compare Low German spinnen, Dutch spinnen, German spinnen, Danish spinde, Swedish spinna.

(cooking) To form into thin strips or ribbons, as with sugar

kehrätä

cooking: to form into thin strips or ribbons, as with sugar


shape

en-noun

shape (countable and uncountable, plural shapes)

From Middle English shap, schape, from Old English ġesceap (“shape, form, created being, creature, creation, dispensation, fate, condition, sex, gender, genitalia”), from Proto-West Germanic *ga- + *skap, from Proto-Germanic *ga- + *skapą (“shape, nature, condition”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to split, cut”).
The verb is from Middle English shapen, schapen, from Old English scieppan (“to shape, form, make, create, assign, arrange, destine, order, adjudge”), from Proto-West Germanic *skappjan, from Proto-Germanic *skapjaną (“to create”), from the noun.
The noun is cognate with Middle Dutch schap (“form”), Middle High German geschaf (“creature”), Icelandic skap (“state, condition, temper, mood”). The verb is cognate with Dutch scheppen, German schaffen, Swedish skapa (“create, make”), Norwegian Bokmål skape (“create”). Doublet of -ship.

cog

And if I 'm late for supper there 's a dish of macaroni cheese you must put in the oven and a tin of tomatoes to eat with it. And there is a little rhubarb and shape.

1918 March, Rebecca West [pseudonym; Cicily Isabel Fairfield], chapter IV, in The Return of the Soldier, 1st US edition, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC, page 92:

It was brawn and shape for high tea.

1978, Jane Gardam, God on the Rocks, Abacus, published 2014, page 111:

(cooking, now rare) A mould for making blancmange, jelly, etc., or a piece of such food formed moulded into a particular shape.


rim

Cam sành chê đắng chê hôi,
Hồng rim chê lạt, thuốc chồi khen ngon.

to cook food with a small amount of water over a period of time in order for salt or sugar to penetrate the food


base

en-noun

base (countable and uncountable, plural bases)

acid

antonym(s) of “chemical compound that will neutralize an alkali”

From Middle English base, bas, baas, from Old French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis). Doublet of basis and bass.

أَسَاس

something from which other things extend

(cooking, painting, pharmacy) A basic but essential component or ingredient.

perusraaka-aine

cooking, painting, pharmacy: basic but essential component or ingredient


cook

Sranan Tongo: kukru (via cook room)

Aukan: kukuu

Tok Pisin: kuk

→ Norman: couque

→ Portuguese: cuca

→ Thai: กุ๊ก (gúk)

→ Tokelauan: kuka

From Middle English cook, from Old English cōc (“a cook”), from Latin cocus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ- (“to cook, become ripe”).
Cognate with Low German kokk, Dutch kok, German Koch, Danish kok, Norwegian kokk, Swedish kock, Icelandic kokkur (“cook”). Also compare Proto-West Germanic *kokōn (“to cook”).

inh

Audio (UK) "to cook"

some speakers from Northern England and Ireland

cuck (most accents without the foot-strut split)

I'm a terrible cook, so I eat a lot of frozen dinners.

(cooking) The head cook of a manor house.

(cooking) The degree or quality of cookedness of food.


ram

sườn ram

(cooking) to sauté then braise with added water or coconut water


plate

→ Maori: pereti

→ Hindi: प्लेट (pleṭ)

From Middle English plate, from Old French plate, from Medieval Latin plata, from Vulgar Latin *plat(t)us, from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “broad, flat, wide”). Compare Spanish plato.

der

There was a close play at the plate.


plate

en-verb

plate (third-person singular simple present plates, present participle plating, simple past and past participle plated)

plates (present singular third-person)
plating (participle present)
plated (participle past)
plated (past)

From Middle English platen, from Old English platian and Old French plater, both ultimately from Latin plata (see above).

After preparation, the chef will plate the dish.

I took her for sushi, she wanted to fuck / So we took it to go, told 'em don't even plate it

2011, “HYFR”, in Take Care, performed by Drake ft. Lil Wayne:

(cooking, photography) To place the various elements of a meal on the diner's plate prior to serving.


pull

pull (third-person singular simple present pulls, present participle pulling, simple past and past participle pulled)

pulls (present singular third-person)
pulling (participle present)
pulled (participle past)
pulled (past)

push

antonym(s) of “apply force to (something) so it comes towards one”

-ʊl (accents with foot–goose merger or full–fool merger)

Verb from Middle English pullen, from Old English pullian (“to pull, draw, tug, pluck off”), of uncertain ultimate origin. Related to West Frisian pûlje (“to shell, husk”), Middle Dutch pullen (“to drink”), Middle Dutch polen (“to peel, strip”), Low German pulen (“to pick, pluck, pull, tear, strip off husks”), Icelandic púla (“to work hard, beat”).
Noun from Middle English pul, pull, pulle, from the verb pullen (“to pull”).

cog

it's not the whistle that pulls the train

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire

(cooking, transitive, intransitive) To repeatedly stretch taffy in order to achieve the desired stretchy texture.


light

en-adj

light (comparative lighter, superlative lightest)

lighter (comparative)
lightest (superlative)

forceful

antonym(s) of “having little force or momentum”

calorific

antonym(s) of “low in fat, calories, etc”

crucial

antonym(s) of “having little value or significance”

From Old English lēoht, līht, from Proto-West Germanic *lį̄ht, from Proto-Germanic *linhtaz or *līhtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“light”).
Cognate with Dutch licht, German leicht, Swedish lätt, Norwegian lett, Albanian lehtë, Latin levis, Russian лёгкий (ljóxkij), Lithuanian lengvas, Sanskrit लघु (laghu), Persian لاغر (lāghar).

a light bread ; sponge cake is a light cake

(cooking) Not heavy or soggy; spongy; well raised.


vessel

English: vessel

Scots: veshel

Yola: veseal

Borrowed from Old French vaissel, vessel, from Late Latin vāscellum.

A container or vessel; a box for storage:

A vessel; any open container used in the kitchen:

(by extension) A piece of cookware; a container used for cooking.

Blood vessels; the tubes that blood travels in.


pass

en-verb

pass (third-person singular simple present passes, present participle passing, simple past and past participle passed)

passes (present singular third-person)
passing (participle present)
passed (participle past)
passed (past)

From Middle English passen, from Old French passer (“to step, walk, pass”), from Vulgar Latin *passāre (“step, walk, pass”), derived from Latin passus (“a step”), from pandere (“spread, unfold, stretch”), from Proto-Italic *patnō, from Proto-Indo-European *pth₂noh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread, stretch out”). Cognate with Old English fæþm (“armful, fathom”). More at fathom.
Displaced native Old English gengan.

اِجْتَازَ

to go through any inspection or test successfully

hyväksyttää

to cause to advance by stages of process

When it's finished cooking, you should pass the sauce to get rid of any lumps.

(transitive, cooking) To put through a sieve.

To change place.
To put through a sieve.


pass

→ Tibetan: སྤ་སེ (spa se)

From Middle English pas, pase, pace, from passen (“to pass”).

The finished dishes are placed on the pass ready to be collected by the waiter.

2017, Fred Sirieix, Secret Service: Lifting the lid on the restaurant world:

(cooking) The area in a restaurant kitchen where the finished dishes are passed from the chefs to the waiting staff.


squash

en-noun

squash (countable and uncountable, plural squash or squashes)

Shortening of Narragansett askutasquash (“[a vegetable] eaten green (or raw)”), from askut (“green, raw”) + asquash (“eaten”).

wasawa

plant and its fruit of the genus Cucurbita

We ate squash and green beans.

(cooking) The edible or decorative fruit of these plants, or this fruit prepared as a dish.


knife

Sranan Tongo: nefi

→ Japanese: ナイフ

→ Korean: 나이프 (naipeu)

→ Portuguese: naifa

→ Samoan: naifi

From Middle English knyf, knif, from late Old English cnīf, from Old Norse knífr, from Proto-Germanic *knībaz, from *knīpaną (“to pinch”), Proto-Indo-European *gneybʰ- (compare Lithuanian gnýbti, žnýbti (“to pinch”), gnaibis (“pinching”)). Displaced native Middle English sax (“knife”) from Old English seax; and Middle English coutel, qwetyll (“knife”) from Old French coutel.
The verb knife is attested since the mid 1800s; the variant knive is attested since 1733.

you could cut the atmosphere with a knife

Jeff was bent low over the backboard, working with the knife, a steady sawing motion, his shirt soaked through with sweat.

A utensil or a tool designed for cutting, consisting of a flat piece of hard material, usually steel or other metal (the blade), usually sharpened on one edge, attached to a handle. The blade may be pointed for piercing.

Any blade-like part in a tool or a machine designed for cutting, such as that of a chipper.

lem

any blade-like part designed for cutting


串

/kusi/ → /kuɕi/
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Nihon Shoki, finished CE 720.
Cognate with 櫛 (kushi, “comb”).


short

en-adj

short (comparative shorter, superlative shortest)

shorter (comparative)
shortest (superlative)

tall

antonym(s) of “having a small distance between ends or edges”

tall

antonym(s) of “of a person, of comparatively little height”

long

antonym(s) of “cricket, of a fielder or fielding position, relatively close to the batsman”

long

antonym(s) of “financial position expecting falling value”

From Middle English schort, short, from Old English sċeort, sċort (“short”), from Proto-West Germanic *skurt, from Proto-Germanic *skurtaz (“short”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-.
Cognates
shirt, skirt, curt, Scots short, schort (“short”), French court, Dutch kort, German kurz, Old High German scurz (“short”) (whence Middle High German schurz), Old Norse skorta (“to lack”) (whence Danish skorte), Albanian shkurt (“short, brief”), Latin curtus (“shortened, incomplete”) and Proto-Slavic *kortъkъ. Doublet of curt. More at shirt.

I chose to interpret the references to butter and sugar as indicating that a short pastry was required. (Later editions suggest a biscuit-like texture.)

2013, Heston Blumenthal, Historic Heston, →ISBN, page 122:

(baking, of pastries, metallurgy) Brittle, crumbly. (See shortbread, shortcake, shortcrust, shortening, hot short, cold-short.)


剁

to chop by pounding; to mince; to hash; to cut


具

(cooking) secondary ingredient, such as spices, seasonings, and sauces


勾

(cooking, literary, or in compounds) to mix thoroughly to make something thicken


厨

Originally a compound of 涅 (kuri, “black; dark-colored”, cognate with 黒 (kuro, “black”); in reference to the darkening of the walls from soot from cooking fires) + 屋 (ya, “house; shed”).

compound

cognate with <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">黒</i> (kuro, “black”); in reference to the darkening of the walls from soot from cooking fires


厨

ja-noun

厨(ちゅう) • (chū)

From Middle Chinese 廚 (MC drju). The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.


pipe

en-verb

pipe (third-person singular simple present pipes, present participle piping, simple past and past participle piped)

pipes (present singular third-person)
piping (participle present)
piped (participle past)
piped (past)

From Middle English pīpe, pype (“hollow cylinder or tube used as a conduit or container; duct or vessel of the body; musical instrument; financial records maintained by the English Exchequer, pipe roll”), from Old English pīpe (“pipe (musical instrument); the channel of a small stream”), from Proto-West Germanic *pīpā. Reinforced by Vulgar Latin *pīpa, from Latin pipire, pipiare, pipare, from pīpiō (“to chirp, peep”), of imitative origin. Doublet of fife.
The “storage container” and “liquid measure” senses are derived from Middle English pīpe (“large storage receptacle, particularly for wine; cask, vat; measure of volume”), from pīpe (above) and Old French pipe (“liquid measure”). In specific contexts, calques similar units of measure such as Portuguese pipa.
The verb is from Middle English pīpen, pypyn (“to play a pipe; to make a shrill sound; to speak with a high-pitched tone”), from Old English pīpian (“to pipe”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

inh

to pipe flowers on to a cupcake

This means a quantity of runouts can be made in advance, allowing more time to flat ice and pipe the cake.

1998, Nicholas Lodge, Janice Murfitt, The International School of Sugarcraft: Book One: Beginners, London: Merehurst Press, →ISBN, page 108:

(transitive, cooking) To create or decorate with piping (icing).


mark

→ Bengali: মার্কা (marka)

→ Cantonese: 嘜／唛 (mak¹, maak¹)

→ Japanese: マーク (māku)

→ Korean: 마크 (makeu)

From Middle English mark, merk, merke, from Old English mearc (“mark, sign, line of division; standard; boundary, limit, term, border; defined area, district, province”), from Proto-West Germanic *marku, from Proto-Germanic *markō (“boundary; boundary marker”), from Proto-Indo-European *marǵ- (“edge, boundary, border”).
Compare march.
cognates
* Dutch mark, merk (“mark, brand”)
* German Mark (“mark; borderland”), Marke (“brand”)
* Swedish mark (“mark, land, territory”)
* Icelandic mark (“mark, sign”)
* Latin margo (“edge, margin”)
* Persian مرز (marz, “limit, boundary”)
* Sanskrit मर्या (maryā, “limit, mark, boundary”), मार्ग (mārga, “mark, section”).

cog

Now put the pastry in at 450 degrees, or mark 8.

(heading) Indicator of position, objective etc.

(cooking) A specified level on a scale denoting gas-powered oven temperatures.


匙

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dje): phonetic 是 (OC *djeʔ) + semantic 匕 (“spoon”).


匙

From Middle Chinese 匙 (zhiɛ, “spoon”). The goon, so likely the earliest borrowing from Middle Chinese.

香匙

a spoon or scoop used to scoop out incense


匙

From Middle Chinese 匙 (zhiɛ, “spoon”). The kan'on, so a later borrowing. Compare modern Cantonese 匙 (ci⁴), Min Nan 匙 (sî).

鑰匙: a key

from the vague similarity in shape to a spoon, with the bowl of the spoon as the handle of the key


匙

Likely an alteration of the kan'on reading shi: /si/ → /hi/


匙

Originally a compound of 茶 (sa, “tea”, the tōon or Tang reading) + 匙 (ji, “spoon, scoop”). This on'yomi reading for a two-character term was then applied to the single-character 匙 spelling, and re-interpreted as kun'yomi.

a doctor

especially one tending to a high-ranking samurai family

the degree of skill in compounding medicine

匙が回る:: → to be skillful at compounding medicine

used historically when working with medicine

灰匙

a spoon or scoop used to scoop out ashes from the brazier used for tea ceremony

一匙飯: a single scoop of cooked rice

viewed as inadequate and bad luck to eat just this amount, with some superstitions that eating just this would cause one to become a stepmother or stepchild

匙の先より口の先: “not so much the tip of their spoon

as the tip of their tongue” → a pejorative comment about a doctor

stating that they are better at flattery and speaking nicely

than they are at actual medical treatment

私たちは匙でスープを飲む。


匙

匙 (canonical)
sukui (romanization)
sukufi (romanization)
すくひ (hiragana historical)

Alternative spelling of 掬い (sukui, “scoop”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 掬う (sukuu, “to scoop”).
Rare. Only found in compounds.


抄

/ʈ͡ʂʰaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaːu̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰaʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaːu̯⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws): semantic 手 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews).

Han compound

Alternative form of 焯 (“(cooking) to briefly blanch in boiling water”).


桸

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hral, *hlɯl): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 希 (OC *hlɯl).

Han compound

(dialectal, Northern Min, Southern Min) a ladle


沏

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰiːd): semantic 氵 + phonetic 切 (OC *sn̥ʰiːds, *sn̥ʰiːd).


溜

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rus): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 留 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus) – name of a river.

Han compound

(alt. form 熘) (cooking) to add starch and quickly fry under high heat


炆

Fat tiu cheung, what a wonderful smell; at the sight of fat tiu cheung, even the spirits want to burn incense

fat⁶ tiu³ coeng⁴, man¹ dak¹ gam³ gwai² hoeng¹, gin³ dou³⁻² fat⁶ tiu³ coeng⁴, gwai² dou¹ jiu³ zong¹ hoeng¹

佛跳牆，炆得咁鬼香，見到佛跳牆，鬼都要裝香

佛跳墙，炆得咁鬼香，见到佛跳墙，鬼都要装香

(Cantonese cuisine) to simmer; to cook over a slow fire


烤

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰluːʔ): semantic 火 + phonetic 考 (OC *kʰluːʔ).
Originally 熇.

Han compound

烤焦了

to roast; to bake; to grill; to broil; to toast


烘

→ Proto-Tai: *truŋᴬ (“to cook (rice)”)

Ahom: 𑜍𑜤𑜂𑜫 (ruṅ)

Lao: ຫຸງ (hung)

Shan: ႁုင် (hǔng)

Thai: หุง (hǔng)

(figurative) to set off; to play up; to showcase; to highlight


熘

(cooking) to add starch and quickly fry under high heat


焗

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 局 (OC *ɡoɡ).
First attested as 局 in 《廣東省土話字彙》 [1828] and as 焗 in 《粵語全書》 [1905] (Zhang and Li, 2017).
Possible origins include:
# From 酷 (MC khowk, “to be cooked”) (Chen Botao, 《東莞縣志》), based on an entry in Fangyan:
#:
# From 焅 (MC khowk, “dry, hot air”) (Chan, 1995; Chan, 1998).
# From 熇 (MC xuwk|xowk|xak, “hot; blazing”) (Zhan and Qiu, 2003).
# From English cook (Zhang and Li, 2017).

Er, ren, peng, lan, xi, qiu, ku: to be cooked.

Ér, rèn, pēng, làn, xī, qiú, kù, shú yě.

胹、飪、亨、爛、糦、酋、酷，熟也。

胹、饪、亨、烂、糦、酋、酷，熟也。

鹽焗雞／盐焗鸡 [Cantonese] ― jim⁴ guk⁶ gai¹ [Jyutping] ― chicken baked in salt

(chiefly Cantonese, cooking) to wrap food in gauze, tin foil, or paper and cook in salt or sand in a sealed pot

焗蛋糕 [Cantonese] ― guk⁶ daan⁶ gou¹ [Jyutping] ― to bake a cake


烹

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pqʰraːŋ): phonetic 亨 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, *pqʰraːŋ, *qʰraːŋ) + semantic 灬.

Han compound

(cooking) to fry quickly in hot oil and stir in sauce


焯

焯蝦／焯虾 [Cantonese] ― coek³ haa¹ [Jyutping] ― boiled shrimps


煮

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjaʔ): phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ) + semantic 灬 (“fire”) – to cook over a fire.

Han compound

煮麵

煮面


煠

煠菜 [Cantonese] ― saap⁶ coi³ [Jyutping] ― to blanch vegetables

Be patient when having hot pot. You must keep the food in the boiling water a little longer before eating.

daa² bin¹ lou⁴ m⁴ hou² sam¹ gap¹, di¹ sung³ jiu³ saap⁶ noi⁶ di¹ sin¹ hou² sik⁶.

打邊爐唔好心急，啲餸要煠耐啲先好食。

打边炉唔好心急，啲𩠌要煠耐啲先好食。

(dialectal, including Cantonese, Hakka, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Wu, Xiang, cooking) to boil; to blanch (cook by immersing in boiling water)


煲

A Dictionary of the Chinese Language
Robert Morrison (missionary)
Zhang Taiyan

The earliest attestation is found in Robert Morrison's A Dictionary of the Chinese Language (1815-1823) (Zhang, 2016).
There are various proposals regarding the etymology of the word:
* From Old Chinese:
** From 釜 (OC *baʔ, “pot; cauldron”) (Chan, 1995; Xu, 2002);
** From 鍑 (OC *puɡs, *puɡ, “pot; cauldron”) (Zhang Taiyan's Xin Fangyan);
** From 缶 (OC *puʔ, “earthen jar”) (Pan, 2016);
** From 缹 (OC *puʔ, “to cook”) (Kong, 1933).
* From a word in the language of the natives in Lingnan, recorded in 《北戶錄》 as 褒 (MC paw) (as in 褒牛頭) (Luo, 1960; Huang, 2011).
* From English boil (Zhang, 2016).
* From Hlai ʔbou¹¹ “to cook” (Zhan, 2002).

(chiefly Cantonese) pot; kettle; cauldron (Classifier: 個／个 c)


燙

→ Zhuang: dangq (“to iron”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːŋs): phonetic 湯 (OC *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *hljaŋ) + semantic 火.
From 湯 (OC *l̥ʰaːŋ, “hot water”).


爆

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *proːwɢs, *poːwɢ, *proːwɢ): semantic 火 + phonetic 暴 (OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ).
Cognate with Burmese ပေါက် (pauk, “to explode, to burst”).


甗

Initially a pictogram (象形) of a two-part cooking vessel. Later 虍 was added and the cooking vessel became 鬲, producing 鬳.
In the current form, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋan, *ŋranʔ, *ŋrans): phonetic 鬳 (OC *ŋans, “cooking vessel”) + semantic 瓦 (“earthenware”).

Han compound

See also: 甑, 鬲, 箅

(historical) earthenware cooking vessel consisting of a large steamer stacked on top of a smaller boiler and separated by a grate


ABM

en-noun

ABM (countable and uncountable, plural ABMs)

(cooking) Initialism of automatic bread machine.


礤

grater; shredder; grindstone (kitchen implement for grating fruits and vegetables)


盤

/pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰuːn²¹⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːn): phonetic 般 (OC *praːn, *paːn, *baːn) + semantic 皿.

Han compound

軟盤／软盘

網盤／网盘

(computing, chiefly Mainland China) disk; hard drive; storage device


breast

en-verb

breast (third-person singular simple present breasts, present participle breasting, simple past and past participle breasted)

breasts (present singular third-person)
breasting (participle present)
breasted (participle past)
breasted (past)

From Middle English brest, from Old English brēost, from Proto-West Germanic *breust, from Proto-Germanic *breustą, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to swell”). Compare West Frisian boarst, Danish bryst, Swedish bröst; cf. also Dutch borst, German Brust.

der

Breast the birds; wash and dry well. Preheat oven to 375 degrees. Place the birds in a roasting pan.

2005, Texas Judicial Cookbook: Hello There!:


罉

/t͡sʰaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/t͡sʰaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 缶 + phonetic 掌.
From 鐺 (MC tsrhaeng).

Han compound

(Cantonese) cooking pot with a flat bottom


put on

en-verb

put on (third-person singular simple present puts on, present participle putting on, simple past and past participle put on)

puts on (present singular third-person)
putting on (participle present)
put on (participle past)
put on (past)

betesz

something to be inserted, e.g. VCR cassette, CD

I'll put on some coffee for everybody.

(transitive) To initiate cooking or warming, especially on a stovetop.


絲

qualifier

see <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">sēricus</i> for descendants of this

→ Ancient Greek: Σήρ (Sḗr, “Chinese; silkworm”)
→ Latin: Sēres
English: Seres
Portuguese: Seres
Spanish: Seres
 (see sēricus for descendants of this)

→ Aramaic:

desc

Classical Syriac: ܫܺܐܪܳܐ (šērā), ܫܺܐܪܳܝܳܐ (šērāyā), ܫܻܝܪܳܝܳܐ (šērāyā, “silk; silk garment”)

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: שִׁירָאָה (šērāʾā), שִּׁירָא (šērā, “silk; silk garment”)

Mandaic: ࡔࡉ࡚ࡓࡀࡉࡀ (/šērāyā/)

→ Arabic: سِيرَاء (sīrāʔ, “a kind of silk garment”)

ሢራይ, ሥራይ, ሤራይ

→ Ge'ez: ሢራይ, ሥራይ, ሤራይ (śiray, śəray, śeray, “silk; silk garment”)

→? Old Korean: 糸利 (*SIli, “thread”)

Middle Korean: 실〯 (sǐl, “id.”)

Korean: 실 (sil, “id.”)

→ Vietnamese: tơ

Obsolete. 皮 is used for SI prefix pico-.

肉絲

肉丝

筍絲

笋丝

切絲

切丝

thread; thread/silk-like objects; string; thin strip; thin shred


素

素 (canonical)
moto (romanization)
もと (hiragana historical)

ご飯の素


箸

→ Bengali: হাশি (haśi)

→ Esperanto: haŝio

→ Jeju: 하시 (hasi)

→ Palauan: hasi

→ Portuguese: hashi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pasuy (compare Ainu パスイ (pasui)). Possibly related to 嘴 (“beak”) or 端 (“tip”).


spider

en-noun

spider (countable and uncountable, plural spiders)

[ˈspʌɪ̯ɾə(ɹ)]

From Middle English spiþre, spydyr, spider, spiþer, from Old English spīþra (“spider”), from Proto-West Germanic *spinþrijō, from Proto-Germanic *spinnaną (“to spin”). Mostly displaced attercop (“spider, unpleasant person”), now a dialectal term.

Cut slices and lay them in cold water in the spider; boil them up two or three minutes, then pour off the water and set the spider again on the coals and brown the slices on each side.

1846, Mary Hooker Cornelius, The Young Housekeeper's Friend, page 146, recipe 28 “To fry salt pork”

In spider pan or deep skillet set over hot coals, quickly fry a few at a time in deep lard until brown.

2005, Marty Davidson, Grandma Grace's Southern Favorites, recipe for “strawberry coconuts”, Rutledge Hill Press, page 193

2008, Corona Club (San Francisco, California), Corona Club Cook Book, page 202,
Melt ½ the dry sugar in the spider, stirring with knife until all is melted.

(cooking, US, UK, chiefly historical and now dialectal) A cast-iron frying pan with three legs, once common in open-hearth cookery.

If you are deep-frying your falafel, use a spider or basket to place them gently into the hot oil, which should be preheated to a temperature of 175°C (330°F).

1996, City and Guilds of London Institute, Food preparation and cooking. Cookery units. Student guide., Stanley Thornes, unit 2ND5, element 2, page 157

Consider investing in a frying basket or a spider for small amounts of fish. A spider looks like a metal web and has a long handle and can lower and raise fish from the hot oil.

2008, Anna Kasabian, David Kasabian, The Wild Fish Cookbook, Creative Publishing International, →ISBN, page 84:

(cooking) Implement for moving food in and out of hot oil for deep frying, with a circular metal mesh attached to a long handle; a spider skimmer


蒸

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kljɯŋ): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 烝 (OC *kljɯŋ, *kljɯŋs).

Han compound

蒸餃

蒸饺


seize

en-verb

seize (third-person singular simple present seizes, present participle seizing, simple past and past participle seized)

seizes (present singular third-person)
seizing (participle present)
seized (participle past)
seized (past)

Earlier seise, from Middle English seisen, sesen, saisen, from Old French seisir (“to take possession of; invest (person, court)”), from Early Medieval Latin sacīre (“to lay claim to, appropriate”) (8th century) in the phrase ad propriam sacire, from Old Low Frankish *sakjan (“to sue, bring legal action”), from Proto-Germanic *sakjaną, *sakōną (compare Old English sacian (“to strive, brawl”)), from Proto-Germanic *sakaną (compare Old Saxon sakan (“to accuse”), Old High German sahhan (“to bicker, quarrel, rebuke”), Old English sacan (“to quarrel, claim by law, accuse”). Cognate to sake and Latin sāgiō (“to perceive acutely”).

cog

Chocolate seizes if a small amount of water (or watery liquid such as brandy) finds its way into the chocolate while it is melting. […] If chocolate seizes, it will look grainy and matte rather than glossy and smooth.

2012, Martha Holmberg, Modern Sauces: More Than 150 Recipes for Every Cook, Every Day, page 235:

(transitive, intransitive, cooking) Of chocolate: to change suddenly from a fluid to an undesirably hard and gritty texture.

jämähtää

cooking: change suddenly from a fluid to an undesirably hard texture


衝

/t͡sʰɔyŋ²¹³/

/t͡sʰɔyŋ²¹³/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjoŋ): semantic 行 + phonetic 重 (OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs).


鍋

→ Indonesian: nabe

→ Korean: 냄비 (naembi, “pan, saucepan; pot”)

→ Sakizaya: nabi

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
Shinmura Izuru

⟨nabe₂⟩ → */naⁿbe/ → /nabe/
From Old Japanese, first cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720. In turn, reconstructed as Proto-Japonic *nanpay.
Originally a compound of Old Japanese elements 肴 (na, “small snack, hors d'oeuvre”) + 瓮 (pe, modern he, “a pot or pan for holding food or beverages”). The he changes to be as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

compound

⇒ 鍋料理 (nabe ryōri)

⇒ 鍋物 (nabemono)

short for 鍋料理 (nabe ryōri, literally “pot + cooking”) or 鍋物 (nabemono, literally “pot + thing”), a dish where everything is cooked together in a nabe; compare English hot pot or hotdish


wok

The 'wok' is an efficient, all-purpose metal cooking vessel used by every housewife in China. It has two handles and is shaped like a shallow cone.

1977, Marguerite Fawdry, Chinese Childhood, →ISBN, page 86:

(cooking) A large, round-bottomed cooking pan used in East Asian cooking.


wok

wok (nominative singular)
woki (nominative plural)
woka (genitive singular)
woku (genitive singular)
woków (genitive plural)
wokowi (dative singular)
wokom (dative plural)
wok (accusative singular)
woki (accusative plural)
wokiem (instrumental singular)
wokami (instrumental plural)
woku (locative singular)
wokach (locative plural)
woku (singular vocative)
woki (plural vocative)

Orthographic borrowing from English wok, ultimately from Cantonese 鑊／镬 (wok6).


餡

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡroːms): semantic 飠 (“food”) + phonetic 臽 (OC *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms) – a kind of food.

Han compound

蝦餃餡／虾饺馅 [Cantonese] ― haa¹ gaau² haam⁶⁻² [Jyutping] ― har gow filling


鼎

Pictogram (象形) - a tripod, i.e., an ancient bronze vessel with three legs used for cooking or performing ritual sacrifices. Sometimes, it was carved with characters. Also phonetically (and perhaps semantically) borrowed to indicate "to divine" (then written as 鼑 > 貞). See also the original version of 具 and 則.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(m/ʔ)-di(k/ŋ) (“pot; cauldron”) (STEDT).

inh

ding (ancient large, three-legged bronze cauldron for cooking or sacrificial rituals)


鼎

鼎革

a state of transformation, especially a major politcal one

鼎座

a three-way seating arrangement with three people facing each other; to sit in such an arrangement

鼎足

the leg of a tripod; a three-way opposition; a triumvirate in support of a superior

鼎峙

a three-way opposition; to stand in three-way opposition

鼎談

a three-way conversation; to have a three-way conversation

鼎部

that set of kanji that have the character 鼎 as the radical


鼎

鼎 (canonical)
kanae (romanization)
kanafe (romanization)
かなへ (hiragana historical)

Originally a compound of 金 (kana, “metal”) + 瓮 (he, “a pot or pan for holding food or beverages”).

compound

鼎の軽重を問う: ⇒ to question a person's ability

鼎の沸くが如し: ⇒ a metaphor for a noisy busy situation

single slice of meat [from] in the kettle

鼎の中の一切れの肉: ⇒ to get a read on the whole from a small sample

a three-legged kettle, a tripod kettle, used for cooking and later for ceremonial purposes in ancient China, and often made of bronze


鼎

From Middle Chinese 鼎 (MC tengX). Compare modern Mandarin 鼎 (dǐng).


croissant

Unadapted borrowing from French croissant, present participle of verb croître (“to grow”). Doublet of crescente.

ubor

(cooking) croissant (a flaky roll or pastry in a form of a crescent)


dice

en-noun

dice (countable and uncountable, plural dice or dices)

From Middle English dys, plural of dy. See the etymology of die (etymology 2) for further information. The voiceless /s/ was most likely retained because the word felt like a collective term rather than a plural form (compare pence), and the spelling dice is a result of the pronunciation.

God does not play dice with the universe

Cut onions, carrots and celery into medium dice.

If your worship is inclined to take a small draught of good wine, though not very cool, I have here a calabash full of the best, and some dices of Tronchon cheese

1782, Tobias George Smollett, The history and adventures of the renowned Don Quixote, 5th edition, volumes 3-4, translation of original by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra:

(uncountable, formerly countable, cooking) That which has been diced.


restaurant

restauranten (definite singular)
restauranter (indefinite plural)
restaurantene (definite plural)


tar

id-noun

tar (first-person possessive tarku, second-person possessive tarmu, third-person possessive tarnya)

tarku (first-person possessive)
tarmu (possessive second-person)
tarnya (possessive third-person)

From Dutch taart, from Middle Dutch tāerte, from Old French tarte.


steam

en-verb

steam (third-person singular simple present steams, present participle steaming, simple past and past participle steamed)

steams (present singular third-person)
steaming (participle present)
steamed (participle past)
steamed (past)

From Middle English steem, stem, from Old English stēam (“steam, hot exhalation, hot breath; that which emits vapour; blood”), from Proto-Germanic *staumaz (“steam, vapour, breath”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to whirl, waft, stink, shake; steam, haze, smoke”). Cognate with Scots stem, steam (“steam”), West Frisian steam (“steam, vapour”), Dutch stoom (“steam, vapour”), Low German stom (“steam”), Swedish dialectal stimma (“steam, fog”), Latin fūmus (“smoke, steam”).

der

The best way to cook artichokes is to steam them.

(transitive, cooking) To cook with steam.


sweat

en-verb

sweat (third-person singular simple present sweats, present participle sweating, simple past sweated or sweat, past participle sweated or (archaic) sweaten)

sweats (present singular third-person)
sweating (participle present)
sweated (past)
sweat (past)
sweated (participle past)
sweaten (archaic participle past)

From Middle English sweten, from Old English swǣtan, from Proto-Germanic *swaitijaną (“to sweat”). Compare Dutch zweten, German schwitzen, Danish svede. Doublet of shvitz.

Sweating is a generally a quiet operation; if the food is whispering, or worse, hissing, the moisture is probably evaporating too rapidly

2002, Judy Rodgers, The Zuni Cafe Cookbook:

Sweat the carrots, onion, celery, leeks, and cabbage in the butter until translucent not allowing them to color in any way.

2007, Patty Elsberry, Matt Bolus, Simply Vanilla: Recipes for Everyday Use, page 93:

Reduce heat to low, cover pan, and gently sweat the celery for ten minutes, taking care not to brown it

2009, Bill Neal, Bill Neal's Southern Cooking, page 11:

Sweat the onions and garlic in the oil, stirring occasionally, until they are completely soft (no crunch) but not caramelized.

(transitive, intransitive, cooking) To cook slowly at low heat, in shallow oil and without browning, to reduce moisture content.

kuullottaa

transitive: to cook slowly without browning


tomato sauce

en-noun

tomato sauce (usually uncountable, plural tomato sauces)

Russian Tomato Sauce will keep, tightly covered, in the refrigerator for 10 days.

2002, Steve Brill, The Wild Vegetarian Cookbook, page 186:

Classical tomato sauce, as explained by Escoffier, is made with a roux, but this is rarely done in modern kitchens.

2007, Wayne Gisslen, Professional Cooking, 6th edition, page 176:

But in the summer, fresh tomato sauce should be a staple; peeling the tomatoes—which is optional—is undeniably a bit of work (seeding takes only a second), but the flavor of the sauce is much better than canned, thee texture is rich and silky, and the color much prettier.

2007, Mark Bittman, How to Cook Everything Vegetarian: Simple Meatless Recipes for Great Food, page 445:

(cooking) A thick sauce made from tomatoes for pasta etc.


bagel

id-noun

bagêl (first-person possessive bagelku, second-person possessive bagelmu, third-person possessive bagelnya)

bagêl (canonical)
bagelku (first-person possessive)
bagelmu (possessive second-person)
bagelnya (possessive third-person)

From English bagel, from Yiddish בייגל (beygl), ultimately from a diminutive of Middle High German bouc, boug- (“ring, bracelet”), from Old High German boug (“ring”), from Proto-Germanic *baugaz (“ring”).

(cooking) bagel: a toroidal bread roll that is boiled before it is baked.


fork

Sranan Tongo: forku

→ Dutch: fork

→ Japanese: フォーク (fōku)

→ Kannada: ಫೋರ್ಕ್ (phōrk)

→ Korean: 포크 (pokeu)

→ Maori: paoka

→ Tamil: போர்க் (pōrk)

→ Telugu: ఫోర్క్ (phōrk)

From Middle English forke (“digging fork”), from Old English force, forca (“forked instrument used to torture”), from Proto-West Germanic *furkō (“fork”), from Latin furca (“pitchfork, forked stake; gallows, beam, stake, support post, yoke”), of uncertain origin. The Middle English word was later reinforced by Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French forque (= Old French forche whence French fourche), also from the Latin. Cognate also with North Frisian forck (“fork”), Dutch vork (“fork”), Danish fork (“fork”), German Forke (“pitchfork”). Displaced native gafol, ġeafel, ġeafle (“fork”), from Old English.
In its primary sense of “fork”, Latin furca appears to be derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerk(ʷ)-, *ǵʰerg(ʷ)- (“fork”), although the development of the -c- is difficult to explain. In other senses this derivation is unlikely. For these, perhaps it is connected to Proto-Germanic *furkaz, *firkalaz (“stake, stick, pole, post”), from Proto-Indo-European *perg- (“pole, post”). If so, this would relate the word to Old English forclas pl (“bolt”), Old Saxon ferkal (“lock, bolt, bar”), Old Norse forkr (“pole, staff, stick”), Norwegian fork (“stick, bat”), Swedish fork (“pole”).

tienhaara

figurative: point in time of making a decision

afsplitsing

computer science: splitting of a process

odnož

computer science: copying and separately developing a project

bifurcació

computer science: a separately developed project based upon a copy of an existing project

a three-prong spear somewhat resembling a pitchfork

(figuratively, decision-making) A point in time where one has to make a decision between two life paths.

(metonymically) Either of the (figurative) paths thus taken.


à

→ Danish: à

→ Dutch: à

→ German: à

→ Hungarian: à

→ Norwegian Bokmål: à, a

→ Swedish: à

Inherited from Old French a, a merge of Latin ad and ab.


tapas

id-noun

tapas (first-person possessive tapasku, second-person possessive tapasmu, third-person possessive tapasnya)

tapasku (first-person possessive)
tapasmu (possessive second-person)
tapasnya (possessive third-person)

From English tapas, from Spanish tapas, plural of tapa, with original sense of “top”.

(cooking) tapas: a variety of Spanish small food items or snacks, originally served with sherry.


pot

From Middle English pot, potte, from Old English pott (“pot”) and Old French pot (“pot”) (probably from Frankish *pott); both Old English and Frankish from Proto-Germanic *puttaz (“pot”), from Proto-Indo-European *budnós (“a type of vessel”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Pot (“pot”), Dutch pot (“pot”), German Low German Pott (“pot”), German Pott (“pot”), Swedish potta (“chamber pot”), Icelandic pottur (“tub, pot”), Old Armenian պոյտն (poytn, “pot, earthen pot”). Also, Old Norse pottr (“pot, tub, basin”).
The sense of ruin or deterioration was originally a general allusion to "being chopped up and tossed in a (normally fiery) pot, like a piece of meat" (i.e. to get wasted or done with (by someone)). The 'clean' slang term which was used in reference to toilet rooms and lavatories apparently derives from English chamberpots, although now usually encountered as potty in the context of children's toilet training.

pussitus

cue sports: act of causing a ball to fall into a pocket

not have a pot to piss in or a window to throw it out of

A flat-bottomed vessel (usually metal) used for cooking food.


pot

en-verb

pot (third-person singular simple present pots, present participle potting, simple past and past participle potted)

pots (present singular third-person)
potting (participle present)
potted (participle past)
potted (past)

Ideally the best Ideally the best way of tackling the problem of toilet training, is to 'pot' your child at set intervals when he is at home, even though he may no longer be a baby, thus establishing a regular routine instead of one at odd intervals.

1975, Nancie R. Finnie, Handling the Young Cerebral Palsied Child, →ISBN, page 75:

If you leave out this “catching" stage altogether and start proper toilet training at, say, eighteen months you will only have to pot your baby about 2000 times for the same effect.

1978, Penelope Leach, Your Baby & Child from Birth to Age Five, →ISBN, page 225:

Do not make the mistake of potting your baby as early as possible, but wait until she gives the signal that she is aware that puddles are somehow to do with her.

2004, Joan Gomez, Coping with Incontinence, →ISBN, page 33:

Of course, if at any stage your child takes a violent dislike to the pot, then I would put it away for a few weeks and then try again, but if the pot is very comfortable, your attitude is calm and you don't over-pot your child (put him on the pot too often or talk about the pot too much), this shouldn't happen.

2012, Nanny Smith, Nina Grunfeld, Nanny Knows Best: Successful Potty Training, →ISBN:

(transitive, British) To seat a person, usually a young child, on a potty or toilet, typically during toilet teaching.


pot

Inherited from Middle French pot, from Old French pot (“pot”), from Vulgar Latin pottum, pottus (“pot, jar”), from Frankish *pott, from Proto-Germanic *puttaz (“pot, jar, tub”), from Proto-Indo-European *budn- (“a kind of vessel”). More at English pot.

der

c’est dans les vieux pots qu’on fait la meilleure soupe


pot

English: pot

Scots: pott, pat

From Old English pott and Old French pot, both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *puttaz, from Proto-Indo-European *budnós.

A pot; a circular receptacle or vessel:
A cookpot (a pot used for cooking in)


パン

(cooking) a pan (flat vessel used for cooking)


wasabi

id-noun

wasabi (first-person possessive wasabiku, second-person possessive wasabimu, third-person possessive wasabinya)

wasabiku (first-person possessive)
wasabimu (possessive second-person)
wasabinya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Japanese 山葵(わさび) (wasabi).

Japanese horseradish
Japanese horseradish

(cooking) wasabi: the Japanese horseradish (Eutrema japonicum, Wasabia japonica)


brioche

→ Catalan: brioix

→ English: brioche

→ German: Brioche

→ Hungarian: briós

→ Ido: briocho

→ Italian: brioche

→ Japanese: ブリオッシュ (buriosshu)

→ Portuguese: brioche

→ Sicilian: brioscia

From Old French brier (“to break”) + -oche; compare French broyer.

, Attributed to Marie Antoinette

(baking, cooking) brioche (type of light sweet pastry or bun of French origin)


brioche

/bɾiˈɔ.t͡ʃɨ/

/ˈbɾjɔ.t͡ʃɨ/


side

en-verb

side (third-person singular simple present sides, present participle siding, simple past and past participle sided)

sides (present singular third-person)
siding (participle present)
sided (participle past)
sided (past)

From Middle English side, from Old English sīde (“side, flank”), from Proto-Germanic *sīdǭ (“side, flank, edge, shore”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēy- (“to send, throw, drop, sow, deposit”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Siede (“side”), West Frisian side (“side”), Dutch zijde, zij (“side”), German Low German Sied (“side”), German Seite (“side”), Danish and Norwegian side (“side”), Swedish sida (“side”).

der

Entrees are sided with a generous portion of vegetables, and some include little surprises […]

1995, Orange Coast Magazine, volume 11, number 8, page 166:

A chocolate cakelette, caramel percolating from its warm top, is sided with peanut butter chantilly cream.

2009 March 14, Corey Mintz, “Stop and cheer chefs' dedication to quality”, in Toronto Star:

(transitive, cooking) To provide with, as a side or accompaniment.


Christmas

The proper noun is derived from Middle English Cristemasse, Criste-mas (“Christmas Day; season of Christmas; Christmas festivities”) [and other forms], from Old English Cristes mæsse (“Christmas”, literally “Christ’s mass”), from Crist (“Christ”) + -es (possessive marker) + mæsse (“a mass (celebration of the Eucharist)”). The English word is analysable as Christ + -mas (suffix denoting a holiday or sacred day).
The noun, adjective, and verb are derived from the proper noun.
Adjective sense 1 (“red and green in colour”) refers to these colours being traditionally associated with Christmas.

suffix

(chiefly New Mexico, cooking) Of a dish: having a sauce made with red (ripe) and green (unripe) chili peppers.

punaista ja vihreää chiliä sisältävä

of a dish: having a sauce made with red and green chili peppers


wat

In Ethiopia, a volcanic pepper and spice seasoning, berbere, is widely used, and the stews called wats are eaten with a spongy flat bread, injera.

[1987 July 29, Steven Barboza, “Culinary Delights of Africa Reflect a Continent's Diversity”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(cooking) A kind of stew or curry eaten in Ethiopia and Eritrea.


mange

Yinzàgi è lá màǹgè kpetí u bo.

The woman is putting a clay pitcher on her head.

pitcher; pot (in particular) a clay water pot with a long neck


grater

I'm making coleslaw; do you know where the grater is?

As she ran on her numerous errands Jessamy found that if she did not stop to think, she knew all kinds of odd little things that the other Jessamy must have learned, such as where the nutmeg grater lived, and which was the potato peeling knife.

1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, →ISBN, page 115:

a tool with which one grates, especially foods such as cheese, to facilitate getting small particles or shreds off a solid lump


course

→ Gulf Arabic: كورس (kōrs)

From Middle English cours, from Old French cours, from Latin cursus (“course of a race”), from currō (“run”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of cursus and cour.

polku

path that something or someone moves along

the course of true love never did run smooth

We offer seafood as the first course.

A sequence of events.
(cooking) A stage of a meal.

A sequence of events.
A stage of a meal.


Gabel

de-noun

Gabel f (genitive Gabel, plural Gabeln, diminutive Gäbelchen n or Gäbelein n)

Gabel (genitive)
Gabeln (plural)
Gäbelchen (diminutive neuter)
Gäbelein (diminutive neuter)
Gabel (nominative singular)
Gabeln (definite nominative plural)
Gabel (genitive singular)
Gabeln (definite genitive plural)
Gabel (dative singular)
Gabeln (dative definite plural)
Gabel (accusative singular)
Gabeln (accusative definite plural)

→ German Low German: Gabel

→ Kashubian: gafle

→ North Frisian: goobel

From Middle High German gabel(e), from Old High German gabala, from Proto-West Germanic *gabulu (“fork”).


grate

en-verb

grate (third-person singular simple present grates, present participle grating, simple past and past participle grated)

grates (present singular third-person)
grating (participle present)
grated (participle past)
grated (past)

From Middle English graten, from Old French grater (“to scrape”) ( > French gratter), from Frankish *krattōn, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną. Cognate with Old High German krazzon ( > German kratzen (“to scrawl”) > Danish kradse), Icelandic krassa (“to scrawl”) and Danish kratte.

I need to grate the cheese before the potato is cooked.

(transitive, cooking) To shred (things, usually foodstuffs), by rubbing across a grater.


Alfredo

en-noun

Alfredo (countable and uncountable, plural Alfredos)

From Alfredo alla Scrofa, an Italian restaurant in Rome where the pasta dish fettuccine Alfredo was originally served, named after its founder Alfredo Di Lelio. Doublet of Alfred.

Two days after kicking three field goals against the New Orleans Saints to help the Bears reach Super Bowl XLI, Gould was standing over a gas stove, stirring the alfredo sauce that was simmering in a pot.

2007 January 30, Karen Crouse, “Dash of Success Spices Up Gould’s Neighborhood”, in The New York Times, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-06-05:

(cooking, noun adjunct) The sauce made from butter and Parmesan cheese used in dishes such as fettuccine Alfredo, or any dish of this type.


dumpling

A folk word, first attested in c. 1600s, apparently from a Norfolk (East Anglian) dialect, of uncertain origin:
* perhaps from some Low German word (compare dümpeln (“bobbing up and down”)),
* or from the rare dialectal adjective dump (“lump, of the consistency of dough”) (first attested in the late 1800s), + -ling (diminutive suffix), although dumpling is recorded much earlier. However, compare dumpy (“short and stout”).

(cooking) A ball of dough that is cooked and may have a filling and/or additional ingredients in the dough.

(chiefly UK) Specifically, a ball of dough used in stews and other sauced dishes; a thick noodle.

(chiefly US) Specifically, a food composed of a dough wrapper around a filling.


secreto

Learned borrowing from Latin sēcrētus. Doublet of segredo.


lasagna

→ Catalan: lasanya

→ English: lasagna

→ French: lasagne

→ German: Lasagne

→ Icelandic: lasanja

→ Japanese: ラザニア

→ Korean: 라자냐 (rajanya)

→ Portuguese: lasanha

→ Russian: лаза́нья (lazánʹja)

→ Spanish: lasaña

→ Turkish: lazanya

Possibly from Vulgar Latin *lasania, from Latin lasanum (“cooking pot”), from Ancient Greek λάσανον (lásanon, “trivet or stand for a pot”).

lasagne alla bolognese

Bolognese lasagna, Bologna-style lasagna, lasagna with Bolognese

lasagne di verdure

vegetable lasagna, lasagna with vegetable ragù

(cooking, food) a food made of flat sheets of pasta alternated with condiments

(cooking, usually in the plural) a dish of lasagna


goujon

Borrowed from French goujon (“dowel, pin”).

(cooking) A thin strip of food, usually fish or chicken.


Seele

de-noun

Seele f (genitive Seele, plural Seelen, diminutive Seelchen n)

Seele (genitive)
Seelen (plural)
Seelchen (diminutive neuter)
Seele (nominative singular)
Seelen (definite nominative plural)
Seele (genitive singular)
Seelen (definite genitive plural)
Seele (dative singular)
Seelen (dative definite plural)
Seele (accusative singular)
Seelen (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German sēle, from Old High German sēula, sēla, from Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō. Cognate with Low German Seel, Dutch ziel, English soul, Danish sjæl.
The type of bread is probably related to Allerseelen (“All Souls' Day”).

(baking, Southern Germany) a type of narrow bread from Swabia


batter

en-verb

batter (third-person singular simple present batters, present participle battering, simple past and past participle battered)

batters (present singular third-person)
battering (participle present)
battered (participle past)
battered (past)

From Middle English bateren, from Old French batre (“to beat”), from Late Latin battere, from earlier battuere (“to beat, strike, fight”), of unknown origin; probably from Celtic or Germanic origin.

unc

unknown origin

I prefer it when they batter the cod with breadcrumbs.

(cooking) To coat with batter (the food ingredient).


batter

en-noun

batter (countable and uncountable, plural batters)

From Middle English bature, from Old French bateure (“the action of beating”), from batre (“to beat”). Doublet of batture.

der

To the dismay of his mother, the boy put his finger into the pancake batter.

(cooking, countable, uncountable) A beaten mixture of flour and liquid (usually egg and milk), used for baking (e.g. pancakes, cake, or Yorkshire pudding) or to coat food (e.g. fish) prior to frying.


lento

id-noun

lênto (plural lento-lento, first-person possessive lentoku, second-person possessive lentomu, third-person possessive lentonya)

lênto (canonical)
lento-lento (plural)
lentoku (first-person possessive)
lentomu (possessive second-person)
lentonya (possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Javanese ꦊꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴ (lento, “swelling”).

bor+

(cooking) snack made from ground, seasoned, hand-rolled, then fried mung beans


slip

en-verb

slip (third-person singular simple present slips, present participle slipping, simple past and past participle slipped or (obsolete) slipt)

slips (present singular third-person)
slipping (participle present)
slipped (participle past)
slipped (past)
slipt (obsolete participle past)
slipt (obsolete past)

From Middle English slippen, probably from Middle Low German slippen, from Old Saxon *slippian, from Proto-West Germanic *slippjan, from Proto-Germanic *slipjaną (“to glide”), an iterative form of *slīpaną (“to slip, slide”), from Proto-Indo-European *sleyb- (“slimy; to slide”). Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *slewbʰ- (“slip, slide”), or related to Proto-Germanic *slībaną (“to split”); related to Old English slipor (“slippery”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian slipje (“to slip”), Dutch slippen (“to slip”), German Low German slippen, slupen (“to slip”), German schlüpfen (“to slip”).

der

(transitive, cooking) To remove the skin of a soft fruit, such as a tomato or peach, by blanching briefly in boiling water, then transferring to cold water so that the skin peels, or slips, off easily.


lagarto

From Old Galician-Portuguese lagarto, from Vulgar Latin *lacartum, from Latin lacertus.

(cooking) pork cut, using the iliocostalis muscle between the spine and loin


lagarto

Guinea-Bissau Creole: lagártu

→ Hunsrik: Lagart

From Old Galician-Portuguese lagarto, from Vulgar Latin *lacartum, from Latin lacertus, of uncertain origin.

(cooking) topside (outer side of a round of beef)


turmeric

en-noun

turmeric (countable and uncountable, plural turmerics)

/təɹˈmɛ.ɾɪk/

From Middle English turmeryte, tarmaret, of uncertain origin. Possibly corrupted from Arabic كُرْكُم (kurkum, “Curcuma”). Others have theorized it might come from Old French terre mérite (“deserving earth”).

(cooking) The pulverized rhizome of the turmeric plant, used for flavoring and to add a bright yellow color to food.


poke salad

poke salad (countable and uncountable, plural poke salads)

poke (“pokeweed”) + salad or sallet. Some speakers distinguish between the raw “salad” and the cooked “sallet”.

The Harvard man went back into the kitchen and sat down at a rickety table covered with a red-checked oil-cloth. On it were spread the spoiled ham, a dish of poke salad, a corn pone, and a pot of weak coffee.

Whereas to most people, “salad” is made with raw greens, “poke salad” shoots and greens must be cooked, the cooking water changed and discarded several times. […] There are many documented deaths from eating improperly prepared “poke salad.”

2013, Carole J. Skelly, Dictionary of Herbs, Spices, Seasonings, and Natural Flavorings, Routledge, →ISBN:

Despite the fact that the kudzu-like Phytolacca americana sprouts up all across North America, poke sallet, a dish made from the plant’s slightly-less-toxic leaves, is a regional thing, popular only to Appalachia and the American South.

2019 October 3, Abby Carney, “How Did This Poisonous Plant Become One of the American South’s Most Long-Standing Staples?”, in Saveur, retrieved 2023-06-06:

A food made from boiled pokeweed leaves, which are poisonous unless cooked properly.


raw

en-adj

raw (comparative rawer, superlative rawest)

rawer (comparative)
rawest (superlative)

From Middle English rawe, raw, rau, from Old English hrēaw (“raw, uncooked”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrau, from Proto-Germanic *hrawaz, *hrēwaz (“raw”), from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”).
Cognate with Scots raw (“raw”), Dutch rauw (“raw”), German roh (“raw”), Swedish rå (“raw”), Icelandic hrár (“raw”), Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody, uncooked”), Irish cró (“blood”), Lithuanian kraujas (“blood”), Russian кровь (krovʹ, “blood”). Related also to Old English hrēow, hrēoh (“rough, fierce, wild, angry, disturbed, troubled, sad, stormy, tempestuous”). More at ree.

der

There's nothing but raw fish in the freezer.

I was 100% raw from 2014 until early 2018.

Subsisting on, or pertaining to, a diet of raw food.


iso

id-noun

iso (first-person possessive isoku, second-person possessive isomu, third-person possessive isonya)

isoku (first-person possessive)
isomu (possessive second-person)
isonya (possessive third-person)

From Javanese iso (ꦲꦶꦱꦺꦴ, “animal intestine”). Cognate of Tagalog isaw (“intestine”).

bor

(cooking) animal intestine, beef by default.


cannon

en-noun

cannon (countable and uncountable, plural cannons or (mainly UK) cannon)

cannons (plural)
cannon (UK mainly plural)

Attested from around 1400 as Middle English canon, canoun, from Old French canon, from Italian cannone, from Latin canna, from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). Doublet of canyon.
This spelling was not fixed until about 1800.

a canon of beef or lamb

(cooking) A rolled and filleted loin of meat.


fabricate

en-verb

fabricate (third-person singular simple present fabricates, present participle fabricating, simple past and past participle fabricated)

fabricates (present singular third-person)
fabricating (participle present)
fabricated (participle past)
fabricated (past)

From Latin fabricātus, perfect passive participle of fabricor, fabricō (“build, forge”), from fabrica (“a fabric, building, etc.”); see fabric and forge. Compare with French fabrique.

(transitive, cooking) To cut up an animal as preparation for cooking, particularly used in reference to fowl.


flour

en-noun

flour (usually uncountable, plural flours)

→ Drehu: falawa

→ Maori: parāoa

→ Palauan: blauang

→ West Uvean: falawa

flower (for people who pronounce flour as two syllables or flower as one)

Spelled (until about 1830) and meaning flower in the sense of flour being the "finest portion of ground grain" (compare French fleur de farine, fine fleur). Doublet of flower. Partially displaced native meal.
The U.S. standard of identity comes from 21CFR137.105.

standards of identity
standard of identity

(US standards of identity) The food made by grinding and bolting cleaned wheat (not durum or red durum) until it meets specified levels of fineness, dryness, and freedom from bran and germ, also containing any of certain enzymes, ascorbic acid, and certain bleaching agents.


canon

canon (countable and uncountable, plural canons)

From Middle English canoun, from Old French canon and Old English canon, both from Latin canōn, from Ancient Greek κανών (kanṓn, “measuring rod, standard”), akin to κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Semitic (compare Hebrew קָנֶה (qane, “reed”) and Arabic قَنَاة (qanāh, “reed”)). Doublet of qanun. See also cane, cannon, canyon, canal.

der

a canon of beef or lamb

(cooking) Alternative form of cannon (“rolled and filleted loin of meat”)


fool

From Old French fouler (“to mix or mash”).

Coordinate term: mess

an apricot fool; a gooseberry fool

Eton is renowned for its "messes," and "strawberry mess" is Empress of them all, with raspberry mess as a very good second. It does not at all convey the joys of a "mess" to say that it consists of iced fruit and cream, and somewhat resembles a "fool." It is a thing apart, and should be approached with bated breath and unimpaired capacity.

1913, Pearson's Magazine, volume 36, part 2, page 373:

Pellaprat [...] invented the dish [of Eton mess] when a load of over-ripe strawberries needed eating up. His disguise was a fluff of whipped cream and the fool was served with sponge fingers. Somewhere along the line, someone else had the idea of stirring chunks of meringue into the fool at the last moment.

(cooking) A type of dessert made of puréed fruit and custard or cream.


lid

English: lid

Scots: lid

From Old English hlid, from Proto-Germanic *hlidą.

A lid; a piece of material used to cover a container.


risotto

it-noun

risotto m (plural risotti, diminutive risottino)

→ English: risotto


dress

en-verb

dress (third-person singular simple present dresses, present participle dressing, simple past dressed, past participle dressed or (obsolete) drest)

dresses (present singular third-person)
dressing (participle present)
dressed (past)
dressed (participle past)
drest (obsolete participle past)
dress (infinitive)

→ Sranan Tongo: dresi

PIE word
 *dwís
The verb is from Middle English dressen, dresse (“to arrange, put in order”), from Anglo-Norman, Old French dresser, drecier (modern French dresser), from Late Latin *directiare, from Latin dīrēctus, the perfect passive participle of dīrigō (“to arrange in lines, direct, steer”), from dis- (prefix meaning ‘apart; asunder; in two’) + regō (“to govern, manage”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“straight, right”). Doublet of direct.
The noun is derived from the verb.

aantrek

to put clothes on (oneself or someone, etc.) — see also clothe

koristaa

to adorn or ornament (something) — see also adorn, ornament

siistiä

to fit or prepare (something) for use; to render (something) suitable for an intended purpose — see also get ready

whakahuene

referring to preparing rough sawn timber

self aantrek

to put on clothes — see also get dressed

Old vvom[an]: [O]nce vppon a time his daughter was ſtollen avvay, and hee ſent ſo long, that he ſent all his men out of his Land. / Frol[icke]: VVho dreſt his dinner then?

c. 1590 (date written), G[eorge] P[eele], The Old Wiues Tale. […], London: […] Iohn Danter, for Raph Hancocke, and Iohn Hardie, […], published 1595, →OCLC, [lines 142–143]:

Heere Loue, thou ſeeſt how diligent I am, / To dreſſe thy meate my ſelfe, and bring it thee.

c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii], page 223, column 2:

Where Corydon and Thyrſis met, / Are at their ſavory dinner ſet / Of Hearbes, and other Country Meſſes, / Which the neat-handed Phillis dreſſes; […]

a. 1645, John Milton, “L’Allegro”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC, page 34:

These two girls had been above an hour in the place, happily employed in visiting an opposite milliner, watching the sentinel on guard, and dressing a sallad and cucumber.

1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter XVI, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume II, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 188:

(cooking) To prepare (food) for cooking or eating, especially by seasoning it; specifically, to add a dressing or sauce (to food, especially a salad).

voorberei

to prepare (food) for cooking or eating, especially by seasoning it; to add a dressing or sauce (to food, especially a salad)


tapioca

→ Armenian: տապիոկա (tapioka)

→ Esperanto: tapioko

desctree

→ English: tapioca
→ Maori: tapioka
→ Marshallese: tapioka
→ Tagalog: tapyoka

→ Finnish: tapioka

→ French: tapioca
→ Ottoman Turkish: تاپیوقا
Turkish: tapyoka
→ Romanian: tapiocă

→ German: Tapioka

→ Indonesian: tapioka

→ Japanese: タピオカ

→ Spanish: tapioca

(cooking) crepe made with tapioca, served with various fillings, often meat or cheese


pea

→ Abenaki: piz (“a pea”)

→ Mohegan-Pequot: pish (“a pea”)

→ Yurok: pi·š, peeesh (“a pea”)

Back-formation from pease, an original singular reinterpreted as a plural. Further from Middle English pese (“a pea”), from Old English pise, from Latin pisa, pisum, from Ancient Greek πίσον (píson).

Pisum sativum
Pisum sativum#Translingual

(cooking) The edible seed of Pisum sativum; the green pea.

(cooking) The edible seed of various other pea plants.


pulse

From Late Middle English pulse, Middle English pous, pouse (“regular beat of arteries, pulse; heartbeat; place on the body where a pulse is detectable; beat (of a musical instrument); energy, vitality”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman puls, pous, pus, and Middle French pouls, poulz, pous [and other forms], Old French pous, pulz (“regular beat of arteries; place on the body where a pulse is detectable”) (modern French pouls), and from their etymon Latin pulsus (“beat, impulse, pulse, stroke; regular beat of arteries or the heart”), from pellō (“to drive, impel, propel, push; to banish, eject, expel; to set in motion; to strike”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, strike; to drive; to push, thrust”)) + -sus (a variant of -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs)).

nb...

pouce, pounce, pouns, pounse, pousse, pouz, puls

der

(cooking, chiefly attributively) A setting on a food processor which causes it to work in a series of short bursts rather than continuously, in order to break up ingredients without liquidizing them; also, a use of this setting.


pulse

en-verb

pulse (third-person singular simple present pulses, present participle pulsing, simple past and past participle pulsed)

pulses (present singular third-person)
pulsing (participle present)
pulsed (participle past)
pulsed (past)

From Late Middle English pulse, Middle English pulsen (“to pulse, throb”), from Latin pulsāre, the present active infinitive of pulsō (“to push; to beat, batter, hammer, strike; to knock on; to pulsate; (figuratively) to drive or urge on, impel; to move; to agitate, disquiet, disturb”), the frequentative of pellō (“to drive, impel, propel, push; to banish, eject, expel; to set in motion; to strike”); see further at etymology 1. Doublet of push.

inh

(transitive, cooking) To operate a food processor on (some ingredient) in short bursts, to break it up without liquidizing it.


frog

en-verb

frog (third-person singular simple present frogs, present participle frogging, simple past and past participle frogged)

frogs (present singular third-person)
frogging (participle present)
frogged (participle past)
frogged (past)

From Middle English frogge, from Old English frogga, from Proto-West Germanic *froggō (“frog”). Cognate with Norwegian Nynorsk fraug (“frog”), Old Norse frauki. Related also to English frosk (“frog”), frosh (“frog”), and frock (“frog”).
Possibly related to Saterland Frisian Poage (“frog”), German Low German Pogg, Pogge (“frog”).

(transitive, cooking) To spatchcock (a chicken).


gateau

en-noun

gateau (countable and uncountable, plural gateaux or gateaus)

Borrowed from French gâteau. Doublet of wastel.

a gateau of veal

(cooking, obsolete) A dish of minced meat made up like a pudding, and boiled in a shape or mould.


chip

→ Catalan: xip

→ Greek: τσιπ (tsip)

→ Italian: chip

→ Korean: 칩 (chip)

desc

→ Hebrew: צִ׳יפְּס, צִ׳יפּ

→ Hebrew: צִ׳יפְּס, צִ׳יפּ (chips, chip)

→ Hungarian: csip, csipsz

→ Turkish: cips, çip

→ Yiddish: טשיפּל (tshipl)

→ Welsh: tsip

Noun from Middle English chip, chippe, from Old English ċipp (“chip; small piece of wood, shaving”), from Old English *ċippian (“to cut; hew”) – attested in Old English forċippian (“to cut off”) –, from Proto-West Germanic *kippōn (“to cut; carve; hack; chop”), from Proto-Germanic *kippōną (“to chip, chop”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeyb- (“to split; divide; germinate; sprout”). Related to Dutch kip, keep (“notch; nick; score”), Dutch kippen (“to hatch”), German Low German kippen (“to cut; clip; trim; shorten”), German kipfen (“to chop off the tip; snip”), Old Swedish kippa (“to chop”). Compare also chop.
The formally similar Old English ċipp, ċypp, ċyp (“a beam; log; stock; post”), from Proto-Germanic *kippaz (“log; beam”) (whence Old Saxon kip (“post”), Old High German kipfa, chipfa (“axle, stave”), Old Norse keppr (“cudgel, club”)) is a different, unrelated word either borrowed from Latin cippus (“stake; pale; post”) or borrowed from the same source language as the Latin.
Verb from Middle English chippen, from Old English *ċippian (“to cut; hew”) – attested in Old English forċippian (“to cut off”) – see above.

cog

chocolate chip

(cooking) A small, near-conical piece of food added in baking.


abu

abu (absolutive indefinite)
abua (absolutive indefinite singular)
abuak (absolutive indefinite plural)
abuk (ergative indefinite)
abuak (ergative indefinite singular)
abuek (ergative indefinite plural)
aburi (dative indefinite)
abuari (dative indefinite singular)
abuei (dative indefinite plural)
aburen (genitive indefinite)
abuaren (genitive indefinite singular)
abuen (genitive indefinite plural)
aburekin (comitative indefinite)
abuarekin (comitative indefinite singular)
abuekin (comitative indefinite plural)
aburengatik (causative indefinite)
abuarengatik (causative indefinite singular)
abuengatik (causative indefinite plural)
aburentzat (benefactive indefinite)
abuarentzat (benefactive indefinite singular)
abuentzat (benefactive indefinite plural)
abuz (indefinite instrumental)
abuaz (indefinite instrumental singular)
abuez (indefinite instrumental plural)
abutan (indefinite inessive)
abuan (indefinite inessive singular)
abuetan (indefinite inessive plural)
abutako (indefinite locative)
abuko (indefinite locative singular)
abuetako (indefinite locative plural)
abutara (allative indefinite)
abura (allative indefinite singular)
abuetara (allative indefinite plural)
abutaraino (indefinite terminative)
aburaino (indefinite singular terminative)
abuetaraino (indefinite plural terminative)
abutarantz (directive indefinite)
aburantz (directive indefinite singular)
abuetarantz (directive indefinite plural)
abutarako (destinative indefinite)
aburako (destinative indefinite singular)
abuetarako (destinative indefinite plural)
abutatik (ablative indefinite)
abutik (ablative indefinite singular)
abuetatik (ablative indefinite plural)
aburik (indefinite partitive)
abutzat (indefinite prolative)

(Biscayan) mortar (hollow vessel used to pound)


מזלג

he-noun

מַזְלֵג • (mazlég) m (plural indefinite מַזְלְגוֹת) [pattern: מַקְטֵל]

מַזְלֵג (canonical)
mazlég (romanization)
מַזְלְגוֹת (indefinite plural)

קוֹל מַזְלֵג מְנַקֵּר וְשַׂכִּין קוֹרָצֶת
וְקוֹל שָׂפָה מוֹצֶצֶת וּמִתְמַצְמָצֶת;

1873 – 1934, Hayim Nahman Bialik, אלוף בצלות ואלוף שום

The sound of a fork pecking and a knife cutting out
and the sound of a lip sucking and licking;


stuff

en-verb

stuff (third-person singular simple present stuffs, present participle stuffing, simple past and past participle stuffed)

stuffs (present singular third-person)
stuffing (participle present)
stuffed (participle past)
stuffed (past)

From Middle English stuffen (“to equip, furnish”), borrowed from Old French estoffer, estofer (“to provide what is necessary, equip, stuff”), borrowed from Old High German stoffōn, from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn (“to clog up, block, fill”). More at stop.

der

She stuffed the turkey for Thanksgiving using her secret recipe.

(transitive, cooking) To fill with seasoning.


gele

English: jelly

Scots: jeely

Borrowed from Old French gelee (“frost”), from Early Medieval Latin gelāta. Equivalent to gelen + -e (participial suffix).

(medicine) A jelly used as a pharmaceutical.


leaven

en-noun

leaven (countable and uncountable, plural leavens)

From Middle English levayn, borrowed from Old French levain, from Vulgar Latin *levāmen, a noun based on Latin levō (“raise”).

Any agent used to make dough rise or to have a similar effect on baked goods.


leaven

en-verb

leaven (third-person singular simple present leavens, present participle leavening, simple past and past participle leavened)

leavens (present singular third-person)
leavening (participle present)
leavened (participle past)
leavened (past)

(transitive) To cause to rise by fermentation.

Duke. No more euasion:
We haue with a leauen'd, and prepared choice
Proceeded to you; therefore take your honors:[...]

c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

With fresh material, taxonomic conclusions are leavened by recognition that the material examined reflects the site it occupied; a herbarium packet gives one only a small fraction of the data desirable for sound conclusions. Herbarium material does not, indeed, allow one to extrapolate safely: what you see is what you get[…]

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page vii:

(transitive, figuratively) To temper an action or decision.


tobiko

id-noun

tobiko (first-person possessive tobikoku, second-person possessive tobikomu, third-person possessive tobikonya)

tobikoku (first-person possessive)
tobikomu (possessive second-person)
tobikonya (possessive third-person)

From Japanese 飛び子 (とびこ, tobiko, “roe of the flying fish”), from 飛魚 (とびうお, tobiuo, “flying fish”) + 子 (こ, ko, “roe”).


reduce

en-verb

reduce (third-person singular simple present reduces, present participle reducing, simple past and past participle reduced)

reduces (present singular third-person)
reducing (participle present)
reduced (participle past)
reduced (past)

From Middle English reducen, from Old French reduire, from Latin redūcō (“reduce”); from re- (“back”) + dūcō (“lead”). See duke, and compare with redoubt.

Serve the oxtails with mustard or a sauce made by reducing the soup, if any is left, to a slightly thick sauce.

2011, Edward Behr, James MacGuire, The Art of Eating Cookbook: Essential Recipes from the First 25 Years.:

(transitive, cooking) To decrease the liquid content of food by boiling much of its water off.


fígado

From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Late Latin fīcātum (“liver”), from Latin iecur fīcātum (“fig-stuffed liver”). Compare Spanish hígado, Italian fegato.

inh

(cooking) liver (organ of animal used as food)


chitarra

→ Greek: κιθάρα (kithára)

→ Romanian: chitară

Borrowed from Arabic قِيثَارَة (qīṯāra), from Latin cithara, from Ancient Greek κιθάρα (kithára). Doublet of cetra, inherited from Latin.

(cooking) a tool used in making pasta: a frame with a series of parallel wires crossing it


massa

From Old Galician-Portuguese massa, from Latin massa (“mass; dough”), from Ancient Greek μᾶζα (mâza, “bread”), from μάσσω (mássō, “to handle; to knead”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂ǵ-.

(cooking) dough (mix of flour and other ingredients)


nagel

ein (indefinite nominative singular)
dër (definite nominative singular)
nagel (nominative noun singular)
die (definite nominative plural)
nagel (nominative noun plural)
nagele (nominative noun plural)
eines (genitive indefinite singular)
dës (definite genitive singular)
nagels (genitive noun singular)
nageles (genitive noun singular)
dër (definite genitive plural)
nagel (genitive noun plural)
nagele (genitive noun plural)
eime (dative indefinite singular)
dëm (dative definite singular)
nagel (dative noun singular)
nagele (dative noun singular)
dën (dative definite plural)
nageln (dative noun plural)
nagelen (dative noun plural)
einen (accusative indefinite singular)
dën (accusative definite singular)
nagel (accusative noun singular)
die (accusative definite plural)
nagel (accusative noun plural)
nagele (accusative noun plural)

Bavarian: Någl

Cimbrian: naaghel

Mòcheno: nagel

desc

Central Franconian: Nohl, Nähl, Näl, Nääl, Nahl, Nagel

Hunsrik: Naaghel

Luxembourgish: Nol

desctree

German: Nagel
→ Russian: нагель (nagelʹ)

Alemannic German: Nagel

q

Yiddish: נאָגל (nogl), נאגיל (nogil) (Middle Yiddish, attested in Shemot Devarim)

From Old High German nagal, from Proto-West Germanic *nagl, from Proto-Germanic *naglaz.


chopstick

Apparently a compound of chop + stick, but the sense of the first element is not clear. The eating utensil sense (attested since 1637) is presumably a transfer of sense from the earlier fishing tackle sense (attested from 1615), based on physical resemblance.
The common derivation from Chinese Pidgin English chop(-chop) (“quick”), a supposed calque from Chinese 筷子 (kuàizi, “chopstick”), derived from 快 (kuài, “quick”), is chronologically impossible as Chinese Pidgin English did not come into existence until the 18th century.

der

Then broughtt they us some henne cutt in small peeces and Fresh porcke Don in like Manner, giving us Choppsticks to eatt our Meat, butt wee knew not how to use them, soe imployed our Fingers. [...] Having before mentioned Chopstickes, I will Describe a ordinary Fellow, as boatmen, etts., how hee eateth / his meat, which is commonly on the ground or Decke. Hee taketh the stickes (which are aboutt a foote longe) beetweene his Fingers and with them hee taketh uppe his Meat, beeing first cut smalle, as saltporcke, Fish, etts., with which they relish their Rice (it beeing their common Foode). I say first taking upp a bitt of the Meatte, hee presently applies to his Mouth a smalle procelane with sodden Rice. Hee thrusts, Crammes and stuffes it full of the said Rice with the Chopsticks in exceedingly hasty Manner untill it will hold No more.

1637, Peter Mundy, Diary; in Richard Carnac Temple, editor, The English Factory in Japan, 1613-1623: Volume I, Cambridge: The Hakluyt Society, 1919, page 194:

All the Tonquineses keep many of these Sticks in their Houses, as well for their own use, as to entertain Strangers at meals: they are as ordinarily placed at the Table here, as Knives, Forks, and Spoons are in England: and a man that cannot dextrously handle these instruments, makes but an odd figure at their Tables. The richer sort of people, especially the Mandarins, have them tipt with Silver. In China also these things are constantly used: they are called by the English Seamen Chopsticks.

1697, William Dampier, A New Voyage Round the World, London: James Knapton, page 85:

These Sticks are called by the Chinese Quay-tse, and by some of our Voyagers Chopsticks, which they manage so dexterously that they can take up a grain of rice with them.

1761, Hau Kiou Choaan, or, The Pleasing History, London: R. and J. Dodson, page 192:

When not used, the chopsticks must be laid on the table, side by side, exactly pointing away from the individual[.]

1850, Walter Henry Medhurst, A Glance at the Interior of China, Obtained During a journey through the Silk and Green Tea Districts, London: John Snow, page 11:

It took three months’ massage twice a day for ten minutes to bring the muscles to a good condition, and the boy left the hospital able to lift weights as well as to use his chop-sticks.

1906 January, R. T. Booth, “Medical and Surgical Notes”, in China Medical Missionary Journal, volume XX, number 1, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 75:

The main feature was large plates of meat cut up in small pieces, well-cooked and very nice, so I waded into it with chop-sticks, and had quite a good meal.

1920 January 11, The Sun, Sydney, page 5, column 4:

The guests, including Australians, ate with chopsticks and drank beer, spirits or Chinese tea from rice bowls.

1950 February 18, The Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate, NSW, page 1, column 3:

(usually in the plural) An East Asian eating utensil usually used as a pair and held in one hand to grip pieces of food or occasionally to mix liquids or scoop up small pieces of food. The utensil is a stick, usually made of wood and measuring approximately 23cm (10 inches) in length.


kohota

kohoan (first-person indicative present singular)
en kohoa (first-person indicative negative present singular)
olen kohonnut (first-person indicative perfect singular)
en ole kohonnut (first-person indicative negative perfect singular)
kohoat (indicative present second-person singular)
et kohoa (indicative negative present second-person singular)
olet kohonnut (indicative perfect second-person singular)
et ole kohonnut (indicative negative perfect second-person singular)
kohoaa (indicative present singular third-person)
ei kohoa (indicative negative present singular third-person)
on kohonnut (indicative perfect singular third-person)
ei ole kohonnut (indicative negative perfect singular third-person)
kohoamme (first-person indicative plural present)
emme kohoa (first-person indicative negative plural present)
olemme kohonneet (first-person indicative perfect plural)
emme ole kohonneet (first-person indicative negative perfect plural)
kohoatte (indicative plural present second-person)
ette kohoa (indicative negative plural present second-person)
olette kohonneet (indicative perfect plural second-person)
ette ole kohonneet (indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
kohoavat (indicative plural present third-person)
eivät kohoa (indicative negative plural present third-person)
ovat kohonneet (indicative perfect plural third-person)
eivät ole kohonneet (indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
kohotaan (indicative passive present)
ei kohota (indicative negative passive present)
on kohottu (indicative passive perfect)
ei ole kohottu (indicative negative passive perfect)
kohosin (first-person indicative past singular)
en kohonnut (first-person indicative negative past singular)
olin kohonnut (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
en ollut kohonnut (first-person indicative negative pluperfect singular)
kohosit (indicative past second-person singular)
et kohonnut (indicative negative past second-person singular)
olit kohonnut (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
et ollut kohonnut (indicative negative pluperfect second-person singular)
kohosi (indicative past singular third-person)
ei kohonnut (indicative negative past singular third-person)
oli kohonnut (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
ei ollut kohonnut (indicative negative pluperfect singular third-person)
kohosimme (first-person indicative past plural)
emme kohonneet (first-person indicative negative past plural)
olimme kohonneet (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
emme olleet kohonneet (first-person indicative negative pluperfect plural)
kohositte (indicative past plural second-person)
ette kohonneet (indicative negative past plural second-person)
olitte kohonneet (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
ette olleet kohonneet (indicative negative pluperfect plural second-person)
kohosivat (indicative past plural third-person)
eivät kohonneet (indicative negative past plural third-person)
olivat kohonneet (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
eivät olleet kohonneet (indicative negative pluperfect plural third-person)
kohottiin (indicative passive past)
ei kohottu (indicative negative passive past)
oli kohottu (indicative passive pluperfect)
ei ollut kohottu (indicative negative passive pluperfect)
kohoaisin (conditional first-person present singular)
kohoisin (conditional first-person present singular)
en kohoaisi (conditional first-person negative present singular)
en kohoisi (conditional first-person negative present singular)
olisin kohonnut (conditional first-person perfect singular)
en olisi kohonnut (conditional first-person negative perfect singular)
kohoaisit (conditional present second-person singular)
kohoisit (conditional present second-person singular)
et kohoaisi (conditional negative present second-person singular)
et kohoisi (conditional negative present second-person singular)
olisit kohonnut (conditional perfect second-person singular)
et olisi kohonnut (conditional negative perfect second-person singular)
kohoaisi (conditional present singular third-person)
kohoisi (conditional present singular third-person)
ei kohoaisi (conditional negative present singular third-person)
ei kohoisi (conditional negative present singular third-person)
olisi kohonnut (conditional perfect singular third-person)
ei olisi kohonnut (conditional negative perfect singular third-person)
kohoaisimme (conditional first-person plural present)
kohoisimme (conditional first-person plural present)
emme kohoaisi (conditional first-person negative plural present)
emme kohoisi (conditional first-person negative plural present)
olisimme kohonneet (conditional first-person perfect plural)
emme olisi kohonneet (conditional first-person negative perfect plural)
kohoaisitte (conditional plural present second-person)
kohoisitte (conditional plural present second-person)
ette kohoaisi (conditional negative plural present second-person)
ette kohoisi (conditional negative plural present second-person)
olisitte kohonneet (conditional perfect plural second-person)
ette olisi kohonneet (conditional negative perfect plural second-person)
kohoaisivat (conditional plural present third-person)
kohoisivat (conditional plural present third-person)
eivät kohoaisi (conditional negative plural present third-person)
eivät kohoisi (conditional negative plural present third-person)
olisivat kohonneet (conditional perfect plural third-person)
eivät olisi kohonneet (conditional negative perfect plural third-person)
kohottaisiin (conditional passive present)
ei kohottaisi (conditional negative passive present)
olisi kohottu (conditional passive perfect)
ei olisi kohottu (conditional negative passive perfect)
kohoa (imperative present second-person singular)
älä kohoa (imperative negative present second-person singular)
kohotkoon (imperative present singular third-person)
älköön kohotko (imperative negative present singular third-person)
olkoon kohonnut (imperative perfect singular third-person)
älköön olko kohonnut (imperative negative perfect singular third-person)
kohotkaamme (first-person imperative plural present)
älkäämme kohotko (first-person imperative negative plural present)
kohotkaa (imperative plural present second-person)
älkää kohotko (imperative negative plural present second-person)
kohotkoot (imperative plural present third-person)
älkööt kohotko (imperative negative plural present third-person)
olkoot kohonneet (imperative perfect plural third-person)
älkööt olko kohonneet (imperative negative perfect plural third-person)
kohottakoon (imperative passive present)
älköön kohottako (imperative negative passive present)
olkoon kohottu (imperative passive perfect)
älköön olko kohottu (imperative negative passive perfect)
kohonnen (first-person potential present singular)
en kohonne (first-person negative potential present singular)
lienen kohonnut (first-person perfect potential singular)
en liene kohonnut (first-person negative perfect potential singular)
kohonnet (potential present second-person singular)
et kohonne (negative potential present second-person singular)
lienet kohonnut (perfect potential second-person singular)
et liene kohonnut (negative perfect potential second-person singular)
kohonnee (potential present singular third-person)
ei kohonne (negative potential present singular third-person)
lienee kohonnut (perfect potential singular third-person)
ei liene kohonnut (negative perfect potential singular third-person)
kohonnemme (first-person plural potential present)
emme kohonne (first-person negative plural potential present)
lienemme kohonneet (first-person perfect plural potential)
emme liene kohonneet (first-person negative perfect plural potential)
kohonnette (plural potential present second-person)
ette kohonne (negative plural potential present second-person)
lienette kohonneet (perfect plural potential second-person)
ette liene kohonneet (negative perfect plural potential second-person)
kohonnevat (plural potential present third-person)
eivät kohonne (negative plural potential present third-person)
lienevät kohonneet (perfect plural potential third-person)
eivät liene kohonneet (negative perfect plural potential third-person)
kohottaneen (passive potential present)
ei kohottane (negative passive potential present)
lienee kohottu (passive perfect potential)
ei liene kohottu (negative passive perfect potential)
kohota (infinitive infinitive-i)
kohoava (active participle present)
kohottava (participle passive present)
kohotakseni (first-person possessive singular)
kohotaksemme (first-person plural possessive)
kohotaksesi (possessive second-person singular)
kohotaksenne (plural possessive second-person)
kohotakseen (possessive third-person)
kohotaksensa (possessive third-person)
kohonnut (infinitive-i-long past)
kohottu (infinitive-i-long past)
kohotessa (inessive second-person)
kohottaessa (inessive second-person)
kohoama (agent)
kohotessani (first-person possessive singular)
kohotessamme (first-person plural possessive)
kohotessasi (possessive second-person singular)
kohotessanne (plural possessive second-person)
kohotessaan (possessive third-person)
kohotessansa (possessive third-person)
kohoamaton (inessive negative second-person)
kohoten (instructive second-person)
kohoamassa (inessive third-person)
kohoamasta (elative third-person)
kohoamaan (illative third-person)
kohoamalla (adessive third-person)
kohoamatta (abessive third-person)
kohoaman (instructive third-person)
kohottaman (instructive third-person)
kohoaminen (fourth-person noun-from-verb)
kohoamaisillani (first-person possessive singular)
kohoamaisillamme (first-person plural possessive)
kohoamaisillasi (possessive second-person singular)
kohoamaisillanne (plural possessive second-person)
kohoamaisillaan (possessive third-person)
kohoamaisillansa (possessive third-person)

[ˈko̞ɦo̞t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]

From Proto-Finnic *kohot'ak. Cognate with Estonian kohuma, Ingrian kohota and Votic kohotõ.

Jätä taikina kohoamaan yön yli.

(baking) to rise (swell or puff up in the process of fermentation)


colher de sopa

pt-noun

colher de sopa f (plural colheres de sopa)

[kuˈʎɛɾ ðɨ ˈso.pɐ]

[kuˈʎɛɾ ðɨ ˈso.pɐ]

a spoon the size and shape of an Australian tablespoon, bigger than an American tablespoon but the same shape, unlike a soupspoon but still used for soup