Chandigarh

/ˌt͡ʃʌndɪˈɡɑː(ɹ)/

/ˌt͡ʃɑːndɪˈɡɑː(ɹ)/

From Chandi + Garh. Chandi refers to a Hindu Goddess, the warrior avatar of Goddess Parvati, while Garh means "fort". The name is derived from Chandi Mandir, an ancient temple devoted to this goddess, near the city in Panchkula District.

The capital city of Chandigarh, India; capital city of Haryana and Punjab, India.

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu


Chandigarh

Chandigarh (the capital city of Chandigarh, India; capital city of Haryana and Punjab, India)


ਚੰਡੀਗੜ੍ਹ

pa-proper noun

ਚੰਡੀਗੜ੍ਹ • (caṇḍīgaṛh) m (Shahmukhi spelling چنڈی گڑھ)

caṇḍīgaṛh (romanization)
چنڈی گڑھ (Shahmukhi)

[t͡ʃən.ɖiː.ɡəɽʱ]

Pa-ਚੰਡੀਗੜ੍ਹ.oga

Borrowed from Hindi चंडीगढ़ (caṇḍīgaṛh).

Chandigarh the capital of the Punjab and Haryana states of India


Wagah

A border city in Punjab between India and Pakistan.


Rupnagar

A city in Punjab, an important Indus Valley Civilization site.


Ferozepur

A city on the banks of the Sutlej River, in the state of Punjab, India.


Amritsar

From Sanskrit अमृत "nectar" + सरस् "lake, pool".

A large city in Punjab, India, formerly known as Ramdaspur and sometimes called Ambarsar.

The district (the second most populous in Punjab) which contains this city.


Pathankot

A city in Punjab, India, site of a major military base.


Faridkot

Faridkot
Faridkot district
Faridkot state
Fariduddin Ganjshakar

Named for Farīduddīn Ganjshakar ((Urdu: حضرت بابا فرید الدّین مسعود گنج شکر).


Sri Muktsar Sahib

A city in Punjab, India, formerly known as Khidrana and then as Muktsar.


Bathinda

A town in Punjab, India, site of the Qila Mubarak or "Fortunate Castle".


Jalandhar

Borrowed from Sanskrit [Term?], from जल (jala, “water”) + अनदर (anadara, “inside”), because Shiva's son was born inside water.

compound

A city and district in northwestern Punjab, India, famous for sports equipments.


Kapurthala

A district of Punjab, in northern India, divided into two noncontiguous parts.


Patiala

A city in Punjab, India, site of the Qila Mubarak castle.


Sangrur

A town, the headquarters of Sangrur district in Punjab, in northern India.


Fatehgarh Sahib

Literally "Town of Victory", so called since 1710, when Sikhs under Banda Bahadur conquered the area.

A city in Punjab, India, prominent in Sikh history.


Bahawalpur

Bahawalpur
Bahawalpur District
Bahawalpur Division


Rahim Yar Khan

bor

رحیم یار خان


Harappa

Borrowed from Punjabi ہَڑَپَّہ (haṛappah) / ਹੜਪ੍ਪਾ (haṛppā).

bor+

A village in Punjab, in eastern Pakistan.


Warburton

en-proper noun

Warburton (countable and uncountable, plural Warburtons)

From the Old English personal name Wǣrburg + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).

(uncountable) A placename:
A town in Punjab, Pakistan.


జలంధర్

Jalandhar (a city and district of Punjab, India)


अमृतसर

hi-proper noun

अमृतसर • (amŕtsar) m (Urdu spelling امرتسر)

amŕtsar (romanization)
امرتسر (Urdu)
अमृतसर (direct singular)
अमृतसर (oblique singular)
अमृतसर (singular vocative)

[ɐ̃m.ɾɪt̪.sɐɾ]

अमृत (amŕt, “nectar”) + सर (sar, “lake”), from Sanskrit.


ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ

pa-proper noun

ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ • (ammritsar) m (Shahmukhi spelling امرتسر)

ammritsar (romanization)
امرتسر (Shahmukhi)

ਅੰ‧ਮ੍ਰਿ‧ਤ‧ਸ‧ਰ


Sutlej

Borrowed from Hindi सतलुज (satluj), itself ultimately from Sanskrit शतद्रु (śatadru).

The longest of five rivers that run through Punjab in both India and Pakistan.


昌迪加爾

ㄔㄤ ㄉㄧˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄦˇ

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ti³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ti³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Chandigarh (a city and the state capital of Punjab and Haryana, India)


ਜਲੰਧਰ

Inherited from Old Punjabi ਜਾਲੰਧਰ (jālandhara).


पठानकोट

hi-proper noun

पठानकोट • (paṭhānkoṭ) m (Urdu spelling پٹھان کوٹ)

paṭhānkoṭ (romanization)
پٹھان کوٹ (Urdu)
पठानकोट (direct singular)
पठानकोट (oblique singular)
पठानकोट (singular vocative)

[pɐ.ʈʰä̃ːn.koːʈ]

From पठानिया (paṭhāniyā, “Pathania clan”) + कोट (koṭ, “fort”).

com

Pathankot (a city in Pathankot district, Punjab, India)


लुधियाना

hi-proper noun

लुधियाना • (ludhiyānā) m (Urdu spelling لدھیانہ)

ludhiyānā (romanization)
لدھیانہ (Urdu)
लुधियाना (direct singular)
लुधियाने (oblique singular)
लुधियाने (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Punjabi ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ (ludhiāṇā) / لُدِھیاݨَہ (ludhieyāṇah).

bor+

Ludhiana (a city in Ludhiana district, Punjab, India)


لدھیانہ

ur-proper noun

لدھیانہ • (ludhiyānā) m (Hindi spelling लुधियाना)

ludhiyānā (romanization)
लुधियाना (Hindi)


ਜੇਹਲਮ

pa-proper noun

ਜੇਹਲਮ • (jehlam) m (Shahmukhi spelling جہلم)

ਪੰਜ ਦਰਿਆ ਇਸ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ, ਤਾਹੀਉਂ ਕਹਿਣ ਪੰਜਾਬ. ਰਾਵੀ, ਸਤਲੁਜ, ਬਿਆਸ ਜੀ, ਜਿਹਲਮ ਅਤੇ ਚਨਾਬ.
pañj dariā isa deś de, tāhīũ kahiṇ pañjāba. rāvī, satluja, biāsa jī, jihlam ate canāba.

Babu Rajab Ali, Anokha Rajab Ali compiled by Dr. Atam Hamrahi page 101

Five rivers of this region, reason it is called Punjab. Ravi, Satluj, Bias, Jhelum and Chenab.

Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir#English

Jhelum (a river in Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir)


ਰਾਵੀ

ਰਾਵੀ • (rāvī) f (Shahmukhi spelling راوی)

Babu Rajab Ali, Anokha Rajab Ali compiled by Dr. Atam Hamrahi page 101
ਪੰਜ ਦਰਿਆ ਇਸ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ, ਤਾਹੀਉਂ ਕਹਿਣ ਪੰਜਾਬ. ਰਾਵੀ, ਸਤਲੁਜ, ਬਿਆਸ ਜੀ, ਜਿਹਲਮ ਅਤੇ ਚਨਾਬ.
pañj dariā isa deś de, tāhīũ kahiṇ pañjāba. rāvī, satluja, biāsa jī, jihlam ate canāba.
Five rivers of this region, reason it is called Punjab. Ravi, Satluj, Bias, Jhelum and Chenab.

Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh#English

A river of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh in India and Punjab in Pakistan


ਸਤਲੁਜ

ਸਤਲੁਜ • (satluj) m (Shahmukhi spelling ستلج)

A river in Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Tibet


ਬਿਆਸ

ਬਿਆਸ • (biāsa) m (Shahmukhi spelling بیاس)

Beas (A river of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh)


ਚਨਾਬ

ਚਨਾਬ • (canāb) m (Shahmukhi spelling چناب)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)čandrás
Sanskrit चन्द्र (candra)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰāgás
Sanskrit भाग (bhāga)
Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā)bor.
Classical Persian چَنَاب (čanāb)bor.
Punjabi ਚਨਾਬ (canāb)
Borrowed from Classical Persian چَنَاب (čanāb), borrowed from Sanskrit चन्द्रभागा (candrabhāgā), from चन्द्र (candra) + भाग (bhāga).

etymon

ਪੰਜ ਦਰਿਆ ਇਸ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ, ਤਾਹੀਉਂ ਕਹਿਣ ਪੰਜਾਬ. ਰਾਵੀ, ਸਤਲੁਜ, ਬਿਆਸ ਜੀ, ਜਿਹਲਮ ਅਤੇ ਚਨਾਬ.
pañj dariā isa deś de, tāhīũ kahiṇ pañjāba. rāvī, satluja, biāsa jī, jihlam ate canāb.

A river in Punjab, Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh


ਕਰਤਾਰਪੁਰ

head

ਕਰਤਾਰਪੁਰ • (kartārpur) (Shahmukhi کرتارپور)

kartārpur (romanization)
کرتارپور (Shahmukhi)

ਕਰਤਾਰ (kartār, “Creator”) + ਪੁਰ (pur, “city, town, village”)

com

ਕਰਤਾਰਪੁਰਿ ਕਰਤਾ ਵਸੈ ਸੰਤਨ ਕੈ ਪਾਸਿ

Guru Granth Sahib, Guru Arjan, translation by Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa, ang 816

In Kartaarpur, the City of the Creator Lord, the Saints dwell with the Creator.


अटारी

hi:अटारी, पंजाब

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit अट्टालिका (aṭṭālikā), from अट्टाल (aṭṭāla, “watchtower”) + -इका (-ikā). Doublet of अट्टालिका (aṭṭālikā), a tatsama.

af

Attari, Atari (a village in Amritsar district, Majha, Punjab, India)


بیاس

pa-proper noun

بیاس • (beyās) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਬਿਆਸ)

Beas (A river of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab in northern India, rising in the Himalayas and emptying into the Sutlej).


Qadian

Borrowed from Urdu قادیان (qādiyān), itself a corruption of قاضی ماضی (qāẓī māẓī), shortened to قادی (qādī), and eventually قادیان (qādiyān).

A town and municipal council in Gurdaspur, Punjab, India, the founding place of the Ahmadiyya community.


جالندھر

ur-noun

جالَنْدَھر • (jālandhar) m (Hindi spelling जालंधर)

جالَنْدَھر (canonical)
jālandhar (romanization)
जालंधर (Hindi)

/d͡ʒɑː.lən.d̪ʱəɾ/

جا‧لَنْ‧دَھر

Compare Punjabi جَلَنْدَھر (jalandhar) / ਜਲੰਧਰ (jalandhar).


امرتسر

ur-proper noun

اَمْرِتْسَر • (amritsar) m (Hindi spelling अमृतसर)

اَمْرِتْسَر (canonical)
amritsar (romanization)
अमृतसर (Hindi)

اَمْ‧رِتْ‧سَر


قادیان

قادِیان • (qādiyān) m (Hindi spelling क़ादियान)

قادِیان (canonical)
qādiyān (romanization)
क़ादियान (Hindi)

→ Arabic: قَادِيَان (qādiyān)

→ English: Qadian

→ Hebrew: קַאדִיָאן (qādiyān)

→ Hindi: क़ादियान (qādiyān)

Qadian (a town in Gurdaspur district, Punjab, India)


Gunachaur

Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar
Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar#English

A village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district, Punjab, India.


ਦੁਆਬਾ

pa-proper noun

ਦੁਆਬਾ • (duābā) m

From Classical Persian دو آب (dō-āb, “two waters”).


Doaba

From Punjabi ਦੁਆਬਾ (duābā, “doab”), from Persian دو آب (do-âb, “two waters”).

A region in the state of Punjab in northern India lying between the Beas and Sutlej Rivers


Beas

From Hindi ब्यास (byās) or Punjabi ਬਿਆਸ (biāsa), both ultimately from Sanskrit विपाशा (vipāśā).

A river of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab in northern India, rising in the Himalayas and emptying into the Sutlej.


ਪਟਿਆਲਾ

pa-proper noun

ਪਟਿਆਲਾ • (paṭiālā) m


جھنگ

pa-noun

جھنگ • (jhang) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਝੰਗ)

Ultimately from Sanskrit जाङ्गल (jāṅgala, “rough terrain; forested terrain”) (whence جنگل (jangal, “forest; jungle; wilderness”).


Gurdaspur

a city and district in the Indian state of Punjab.


گورداسپور

ur-proper noun

گورْداسْپُور

گورْداسْپُور • (gordāspūr) m (Hindi spelling गुरदासपुर)

گورْداسْپُور (canonical)
gordāspūr (romanization)
गुरदासपुर (Hindi)

[ɡʊɾ.d̪ɑːs.puːɾ]

گُور‧داس‧پُور

From گورداس (gordās) + ـپُور (-pūr, “town; city; village”). Named after Mahant Guriya das ji.

suffix

لیکن پنجابی کا جو لہجہ سب کے لیے معیار قرار پایا، جس کی گرامر و اصول سب کے لئے قابل قبول ہوئے وہ لاہور، امرتسر، گورداسپور، سیالکوٹ اور ان کے نواحی علاقوں کا ہے۔

2023 January 18, Ashraf Sharif, “پنجاب کی لسانی تاریخ کا کھوج [Exploring the Linguistic History of Punjab]”, in روزنامہ ٩٢نیوز [Daily 92 News ePaper]:

However, the dialect of Punjabi which was set as the standard for all, and whose grammar and principles became acceptable to all, belongs to Lahore, Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Sialkot and their suburbs.

lekin panjābī kā jo lahja sab ke liye miʻyar qarār pāya, jis kī grāmar o aṣūl sab ke liy'e qābl-e-qabūl hū'e vo lāhaur, amritsar, gordāspūr, siyalkoṭ aur un ke nuvāḥī ʻilāqoṉ kā hai.

گورداسپور کی متنازعہ تقسیم

2022 August 15, Farooq Azam, “جب لاہور اچانک بھارت کے بجائے پاکستان کا حصہ بن گیا [When Lahore suddenly became a part of Pakistan instead of India]”, in DW Urdu:

Gurdaspur (a city and administrative headquarters of Gurdaspur District in the Indian state of Punjab).

میاں فضل حسین کا تعلق بھٹی راجپوت سے تھا اور ان کا خاندان گو بٹالہ ضلع گورداسپور کا متوطن تھا

1995, Research Society of Pakistan, Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, page 61:

Mian Fazl Hussain belonged to Bhatti Rajput and his family were from Batala, district Gurdaspur

miyaṉ faẓl ḥusain kā taʻluq bhaṭṭī rājpūt se thā āur un kā xāndān go baṭāla ẓilaʻ gordāspūr kā mutavat̤t̤in thā

Gurdaspur District
Gurdaspur District#English

(by extension) Gurdaspur District (a district of Punjab, India)


ਬਜਰਾ

/bə.d͡ʒə̆.ɾäː/

Bajra (a village in Jalandhar district, Punjab)


ساہیوال

pa-proper noun

ساہِیوَال • (sāhīvāl) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਾਹੀਵਾਲ)

ساہِیوَال (canonical)
sāhīvāl (romanization)
ਸਾਹੀਵਾਲ (Gurmukhi)

desc

→ Urdu: ساہِیوَال (sāhīvāl)

→ Urdu: ساہِیوَال (sāhīvāl)


गुरदासपुर

hi-proper noun

गुरदासपुर • (gurdāspur) m (Urdu spelling گورداسپور)

gurdāspur (romanization)
گورداسپور (Urdu)
गुरदासपुर (direct singular)
गुरदासपुर (oblique singular)
गुरदासपुर (singular vocative)

/ɡʊɾ.d̪ɑːs.pʊɾ/

[ɡʊɾ.d̪äːs.pʊɾ]


क़ादियां

क़ादियां • (qādiyā̃) m (Urdu spelling قادیاں)

/qɑː.d̪ɪ.jɑ̃ː/

/kɑː.d̪ɪ.jɑ̃ː/


قاديان

ar-proper noun

قَادِيَان • (qādiyān) m

قَادِيَان (canonical)
qādiyān (romanization)

Borrowed from Urdu قادیان (qādiyān), ultimately from the root ق و ض (q w ḍ).

ar-root

ق و ض (q w ḍ)


קאדיאן

he-proper noun

קַאדִיָאן • (qādiyān)

קַאדִיָאן (canonical)
qādiyān (romanization)

Qadian (a town and municipal council in Gurdaspur, Punjab, India, the founding place of the Ahmadiyya community)


Fazilka

A city and district in Punjab, India; the district borders onto Pakistan.


বিপাশা

head

বিপাশা • (bipaśa)

bn-proper noun

বিপাশা • (bipaśa)

→ English: Bipasha

→ Gujarati: બિપાશા (bipāśā)

→ Kannada: ಬಿಪಾಶಾ (bipāśā)

→ Marathi: बिपाशा (bipāśā)

→ Hindustani: bipāśā

desc

Hindi: बिपाशा

Hindi: बिपाशा

Urdu: بِپَاشَا (bipāśā)

Urdu: بِپَاشَا (bipāśā)

→ Punjabi: ਬਿਪਾਸ਼ਾ (bipāśā)

→ Sinhalese: බිපාශා (bipāśā)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit বিপাশা (bipāśā).

lbor

Beas (a river in Punjab and Himachal Pradesh in India)


ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ

pa-proper noun

ਲੁਧਿਆਣਾ • (ludhiāṇā) m (Shahmukhi spelling لُدِھیاݨَہ)

ludhiāṇā (romanization)
لُدِھیاݨَہ (Shahmukhi)

→ Hindi: लुधियाना (ludhiyānā)

→ Urdu: لدھیانہ (ludhiyāna)

→ Odia: ଲୁଧିଆନା (ludhiānā)


ਗੁਜਰਾਂਵਾਲਾ

ਗੁਜਰਾਂਵਾਲਾ • (gujrā̃vālā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling گوجرانوالہ)

gujrā̃vālā (romanization)
گوجرانوالہ (Shahmukhi)

desc

گوجْران٘وَالَہ

→ Urdu: گوجْران٘وَالَہ (gujrānvālā)

→ Urdu: گوجْران٘وَالَہ (gujrānvālā)

→ English: Gujranwala

[ɡud͡ʒɾãːʋaːlaː]

a city and division in Punjab, Pakistan.


અમૃતસર

Borrowed from Punjabi امرتسر / ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ (ammritsar).


قادیاں

pa-proper noun

قادِیاں • (qādīyāṉ) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਕਾਦੀਆਂ)

قادِیاں (canonical)
qādīyāṉ (romanization)
ਕਾਦੀਆਂ (Gurmukhi)


વિપાશા

head

વિપાશા • (vipāśā) f

gu-proper noun

વિપાશા • (vipāśā) f

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit विपाशा (vipāśā). Doublet of બિયાસ (biyās).


Fatehabad

A number of places in India:
A town in Tarn Taran district, Punjab.


Rabwah

A city in Chiniot district, Punjab, Pakistan