東京

Borrowing from Vietnamese 東京 (Đông Kinh, literally “Eastern capital”), a historical name for Hanoi.

bor

(historical) Tonkin (northern region of Vietnam)


Hanoi

From Vietnamese Hà Nội, which is a Sino-Vietnamese word, 河內.

Ha Noi (alternative)
Hà Nội (alternative)

If you have seventeen days and £168 to spare, can satisfy the Iron Curtain authorities of your bona fides and your taste runs to marathon rail travel, you can now board the "Night Ferry" at Victoria and ride across the whole of Europe and Asia to Hanoi, capital of North Viet-Nam, changing carriage only at Brussels, Berlin, Moscow and Pekin.

1959 December, “Talking of Trains: Five trains to Hanoi”, in Trains Illustrated, page 579:

YOUR SON WAS SERIOUSLY WOUNDED WHEN SHOT DOWN IN HANOI BUT HAS MADE FINE RECOVERY AND NOW, ACCORDING THIS GROUP, LOOKS "QUITE WELL." HE HAS BEEN EVERYTHING YOU WANT YOUR SON TO BE AND HAS STOOD UP MANFULLY AGAINST ALL EFFORTS TO PERSUADE HIM TO UTTER TRAITOROUS STATEMENTS.

1999, John McCain, Faith of My Fathers, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 285:

Cần Thơ · Da Nang · Hanoi · Haiphong · Hue · Ho Chi Minh City

An Giang · Bắc Ninh · Cà Mau · Cao Bằng · Đắk Lắk · Điện Biên · Đồng Nai · Đồng Tháp · Gia Lai · Hà Tĩnh · Hưng Yên · Khánh Hoà · Lai Châu · Lạng Sơn · Lào Cai · Lâm Đồng · Nghệ An · Ninh Bình · Phú Thọ · Quảng Ngãi · Quảng Ninh · Quảng Trị · Sơn La · Tây Ninh · Thái Nguyên · Thanh Hoá · Tuyên Quang · Vĩnh Long


Hanoi

de-proper noun

Hanoi n (proper noun, genitive Hanois or (optionally with an article) Hanoi)

Hanois (genitive)
Hanoi (genitive with-article)


Hanoi

Borrowed from Vietnamese Hà Nội, from Chinese 河內 /河内 (Hénèi).


San

San (nominative singular)
Sanu (genitive singular)
Sanowi (dative singular)
San (accusative singular)
Sanem (instrumental singular)
Sanie (locative singular)
Sanie (singular vocative)

Tonlé San (a right tributary of the Mekong in Cambodia and Vietnam)


Ханој

mk-proper noun

Ханој • (Hanoj) m (relational adjective ханојски)

Hanoj (romanization)
ханојски (adjective relational)


Hanoj

hanojský (adjective relational)
Hanoj (nominative singular)
Hanoje (genitive singular)
Hanoji (dative singular)
Hanoj (accusative singular)
Hanoji (singular vocative)
Hanoji (locative singular)
Hanojí (instrumental singular)


Hanoj

Hanoj (nominative singular-only)
Hanoja (genitive singular-only)
Hanoju (dative singular-only)
Hanoj (accusative singular-only)
Hanoji (locative singular-only)
Hanojom (instrumental singular-only)

Borrowed from Vietnamese Hà Nội, which is a Sino-Vietnamese word 河內.


Hanoj

sl-proper noun

Hanój m inan (relational adjective hanójski)

Hanój (canonical inanimate masculine)
hanójski (adjective relational)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
Hanój (nominative singular)
Hanója (genitive singular)
Hanóju (dative singular)
Hanój (accusative singular)
Hanóju (locative singular)
Hanójem (instrumental singular)


和平

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (和平):
* → Japanese: 和(わ)平(へい) (wahei)
* → Korean: 화평(和平) (hwapyeong)
* → Vietnamese: hoà bình (和平)

/xɤ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/xə²⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/

/wɔː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/vᵘɔ²² pʰen²²/

/huo⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βiŋ⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ piɪŋ²⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/hɔ²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/xə²⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/

/wɔː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/vᵘɔ²² pʰen²²/

/huo⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βiŋ⁵³/

/ho²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ piɪŋ²⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/hɔ²⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Hoà Bình (the capital of Hoà Bình Province, Vietnam)


Annam

English: Annam

Vietnamese: An Nam

Borrowed from Vietnamese An Nam, from Chinese 安南 (Ānnán).

(history) Annam (a former colonial province of China, now part of Vietnam's present-day Tonkin)

(history) Annam (a former French colony, one of the French protectorates in Vietnam, located in Central Vietnam)


Saigon

Sài Gòn (alternative)
Sai Gon (alternative)

They met at a bar in Saigon, dated, fell in love, and, a year later, married right there in the city’s central courthouse.

2019, Ocean Vuong, On Earth We're Briefly Gorgeous, Jonathan Cape, page 46:

(historical or informal) The former name of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam; the former capital of South Vietnam.

ព្រៃនគរ

prɨy nɔɔnɔkɔɔ


Saigon

de-proper noun

Saigon n (proper noun, genitive Saigons or (optionally with an article) Saigon)

Saigons (genitive)
Saigon (genitive with-article)

(historical or informal) Saigon (the former name of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam; the former capital of South Vietnam)


Saigon

alternative form of Saigão: (historical or informal) Saigon (the former name of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam; the former capital of South Vietnam)


西貢

Homophonic translation from Vietnamese Sài Gòn (柴棍), via Cantonese 西貢／西贡 (sai1 gung3).

/ɕi⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ³³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ¹¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ²¹/

/sai³³⁻²³ koŋ²¹³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ³³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ¹¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ²¹/

/sai³³⁻²³ koŋ²¹³/

Chén chū sān kè dǐ Xīgòng, yóu Xīnjiāpō zhì cǐ èr qiān sì bǎi èrshíyī lǐ, mǎtóu zài jiāng zhī xī'àn, shàngxià ruò fúqiáo. Kǎo Xīgòng wéi Yuènán guó jí nán hǎikǒu, shǔ Jiādìng shěng.

辰初三刻抵西貢，由新加坡至此二千四百二十一里，碼頭在江之西岸，上下若浮橋。考西貢為越南國極南海口，屬嘉定省。

辰初三刻抵西贡，由新加坡至此二千四百二十一里，码头在江之西岸，上下若浮桥。考西贡为越南国极南海口，属嘉定省。


胡志明市

ㄏㄨˊ ㄓˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄕˋ

ㄏㄨˊ ㄓˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄕˋ

Ху Чжимин Ши

/xu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/wuː²¹ t͡siː³³ mɪŋ²¹ siː¹³/

/fu¹¹ t͡sɨ⁵⁵ min¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/

/hu⁵³ t͡si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³ t͡sʰɛi²⁴²/

/ɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si¹¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³³/

/ɔ²³⁻³³ t͡si²¹⁻⁴¹ biɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰi³³/

/ɔ¹³⁻²² t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/

/xu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ miŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/wuː²¹ t͡siː³³ mɪŋ²¹ siː¹³/

/fu¹¹ t͡sɨ⁵⁵ min¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/

/hu⁵³ t͡si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³ t͡sʰɛi²⁴²/

/ɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si¹¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³³/

/ɔ²³⁻³³ t͡si²¹⁻⁴¹ biɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰi³³/

/ɔ¹³⁻²² t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/

Calque of Vietnamese Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh

cal

Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City#English


水源

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/

/ʃui²⁴⁻³³ ŋien⁵⁵/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan¹³/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

/sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵²⁻³⁵ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/

/ʃui²⁴⁻³³ ŋien⁵⁵/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan¹³/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²³/

/sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵²⁻³⁵ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/


Ho Chi Minhin kaupunki

Calque of Vietnamese Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.

Ho Chi Minh City (the largest city in Vietnam)


太平

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (太平):
* → Japanese: 太平(たいへい) (taihei)
* → Korean: 태평(太平) (taepyeong)
* → Vietnamese: thái bình (太平)

→ Manchu: ᡨᠠᡳᡶᡳᠨ (taifin)

desc

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠫᠢᠩ (tayiping)

Mongolian: тайван (tajvan)

→ Tuvan: тайбың (taybıñ)

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/tʰuɛ³³ peiŋ²¹/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaŋ⁵³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪŋ²³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/tʰuɛ³³ peiŋ²¹/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaŋ⁵³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪŋ²³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

寧為太平犬，不做亂世人 / 宁为太平犬，不做乱世人

nìng wéi tàipíng quǎn, bù zuò luànshì rén

various place names, including:
(～省) Thái Bình (a province of Vietnam)

various place names, including:
Thái Bình (a province of Vietnam)

various place names, including:
(～市) Thái Bình (a city in Vietnam)

various place names, including:
Thái Bình (a city in Vietnam)

(～縣) Thới Bình district (a rural district of Cà Mau Province, Vietnam)


太平

chữ Hán form of Thái Bình
Thái Bình (a province of Vietnam)

chữ Hán form of Thái Bình
Thái Bình (a city in Vietnam)

chữ Hán form of Thái Bình
(sông ~) a river in northern Vietnam

chữ Hán form of Thái Bình
a river in northern Vietnam


富春

/fu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/fu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

(historical) Phú Xuân (an ancient name for the city of Huế, Vietnam)


河南

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (河南):
* → Japanese: 河(か)南(なん) (Kanan)
* → Korean: 하남(河南) (Hanam)
* → Vietnamese: Hà Nam (河南)

→ English: Henan

→ Manchu: ᡥᠣᠨᠠᠨ (honan)

/xɤ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/hɔː²¹ naːm²¹/

/o⁵³⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/hɒ¹³⁻¹¹ naŋ¹³/

/hɒ²⁴⁻²¹ naŋ²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² lam¹³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lam²⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ lam²³/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lam⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/hɔː²¹ naːm²¹/

/o⁵³⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/hɒ¹³⁻¹¹ naŋ¹³/

/hɒ²⁴⁻²¹ naŋ²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/ho¹³⁻²² lam¹³/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lam²⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ lam²³/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lam⁵⁵/


Mỏ Cày

a town in Mỏ Cày Nam district, Bến Tre Province, Vietnam


Ho Chi Minh

Ho Chi Minh (nominative singular)
Ho Chi Minhu (genitive singular)
Ho Chi Minhowi (dative singular)
Ho Chi Minh (accusative singular)
Ho Chi Minhem (instrumental singular)
Ho Chi Minhie (locative singular)
Ho Chi Minhie (singular vocative)


French Indochina

A group of former French colonies, later a confederation of associated states, existing in Indochina in Southeast Asia from 1887 to 1954 and consisting of the current territories of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.

フランス領インドシナ

フランスりょうインドシナ


嶺南

/liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/lɪŋ¹³ naːm²¹/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam¹³/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lam²³/

/nĩã⁵²⁻³⁵ nam⁵⁵/

/liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/lɪŋ¹³ naːm²¹/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/liɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam¹³/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lam²⁴/

/liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lam²³/

/nĩã⁵²⁻³⁵ nam⁵⁵/

"South of the mountain range":
* Lingnan is south of the Nanling mountain range.
* Yeongnam is south of Mount Joryeong and the Mungyeong Saejae.

Lingnan (a geographic region of China south of the Nanling Mountains, covering the modern Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan as well as modern northern Vietnam)


Huế

Likely a non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 化 (SV: hoá), as in the historical name Thuận Hoá (順化). Compare these doublets: hoa vs. huê (Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, dated or obsolete) from 花 (MC xwae) as well as hòa vs. huề from 和 (MC hwa).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">hoá</i>

vi-etym-sino

(historical) Hue (a city, the capital of Thừa Thiên Huế province, Vietnam)


Hà Nội

→ Chinese: 河內 /河内 (Hénèi)

→ English: Hanoi, Hà Nội

→ French: Hanoï

→ German: Hanoi

→ Japanese: ハノイ (Ha Noi)

→ Khmer: ហាណូយ (Hanoy)

→ Korean: 하노이 (Hanoi)

→ Polish: Hanoi

→ Portuguese: Hanói

→ Russian: Ханой (Xanoj)

→ Spanish: Hanói

Sino-Vietnamese word from 河內, composed of 河 (“rivers”) and 內 (“inside”), meaning "inside rivers". This reflects the geographical position of Hà Nội, which is surrounded by rivers.
The tên Nôm of the city was Kẻ Chợ.

Hà-Nội (alternative)
Hà-nội (alternative)

thủ đô Hà Nội

bún chả Hà Nội

Năm đó là cột mốc trong lịch sử Hà Nội.

That year is a milestone in Hanoian history.

Hanoi (a city, the capital city of Vietnam)


大南

/tä⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ nän³⁵/

(chiefly Hong Kong, dated) Da Nang (a city in Vietnam)


ຮ່າໂນຍ

lo-proper noun

ຮ່າໂນຍ • (hā nōi)


ໄຊງ່ອນ

ໄຊງ່ອນ • (sai ngǭn)

[saj˩˨.ŋɔːn˧˨]


長安

→ English: Chang'an, Ch'ang-an

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ on²⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an³³/

/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ on²⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an³³/

/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

Tràng An Scenic Landscape Complex (an UNESCO World Heritage Site in Ninh Bình Province, Vietnam)


仏印

From 仏 (futsu, “France”) + 印 (in), see 当て字.

French Indochina
French Indochina#English:_Q646374

(dated) French Indochina (a group of former French colonies, later a confederation of associated states, existing in Indochina in Southeast Asia from 1887 to 1954 and consisting of the current territories of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia)


南越

/nän³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² uat̚²⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² uat̚¹²¹/

/nän³⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/lam²⁴⁻²² uat̚²⁴/

/lam¹³⁻²² uat̚¹²¹/

South Vietnam
South Vietnam#English:_Q180573

(historical) South Vietnam (a former country in Southeast Asia that governed southern Vietnam from 1955 to 1975)


Thăng Long

[tʰaŋ˧˧ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰaŋ˧˧ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰaŋ˧˧ lɔŋ˧˧]

[tʰaŋ˧˧ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 昇龍, composed of 昇 (“ascending”) and 龍 (“dragon”).

vi-etym-sino

a commune of Kinh Môn district, Hải Dương Province

a commune of Đông Hưng district, Thái Bình Province

a commune of Nông Cống district, Thanh Hoá Province

a commune of Hiệp Đức district, Quảng Nam Province


高平

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～省) Cao Bằng Province (a province of Vietnam)


Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh

desc

→ Chinese: 胡志明市 (Hú Zhìmíng Shì) (calque)

→ English: Ho Chi Minh City (calque)

→ German: Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt (calque)

→ French: Hô-Chi-Minh-Ville (calque)

→ Italian: città di Hồ Chí Minh (calque)

→ Japanese: ホーチミン市 (Hō Chi Min-shi) (calque)

→ Korean: 호찌민 시 (Hojjimin si) (calque)

→ Portuguese: Cidade de Ho Chi Minh (calque)

→ Russian: Хошимин (Xošimin)

→ Spanish: Ciudad Ho Chi Minh (calque)

[tʰajŋ̟˨˩ fo˧˦ ho˨˩ t͡ɕi˧˦ mïŋ˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˦˩ fow˨˩˦ how˦˩ t͡ɕɪj˨˩˦ mɨn˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.wav

From thành phố (“city”) + Hồ Chí Minh (first president of Vietnam).


Phú Xuân

[fʊw˨˩˦ swəŋ˧˧]

[fʊw˦˥ s⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 富春 (“abundant spring”).


占城

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡siːm⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ¹³/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ²³/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡siːm⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ¹³/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ²³/

(historical) Champa (a former kingdom in southern Vietnam)


平陽

/pʰiŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/pʰi̯aŋ¹¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ iũ²³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/pẽ²³⁻³³ iũ²³/

/pɛ̃¹³⁻²² iɔ̃¹³/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/pʰi̯aŋ¹¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ iũ²³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/pẽ²³⁻³³ iũ²³/

/pɛ̃¹³⁻²² iɔ̃¹³/

Bình Dương Province
w:Bình Dương Province

(～省) Bình Dương Province (a province of Vietnam)


Pohjois-Vietnam

Pohjois-Vietnam (nominative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnam (accusative nominative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamin (accusative genitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamin (genitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamia (partitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamissa (inessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamista (elative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiin (illative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamilla (adessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamilta (ablative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamille (allative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamina (essive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiksi (singular translative)
Pohjois-Vietnamitta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Pohjois-Vietnamini (nominative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamini (accusative nominative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamini (accusative genitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamini (genitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiani (partitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamissani (inessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamistani (elative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiini (illative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamillani (adessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiltani (ablative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamilleni (allative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnaminani (essive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamikseni (singular translative)
Pohjois-Vietnamittani (abessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamisi (nominative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamisi (accusative nominative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamisi (accusative genitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamisi (genitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiasi (partitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamissasi (inessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamistasi (elative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiisi (illative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamillasi (adessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiltasi (ablative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamillesi (allative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnaminasi (essive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiksesi (singular translative)
Pohjois-Vietnamittasi (abessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamimme (nominative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamimme (accusative nominative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamimme (accusative genitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamimme (genitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiamme (partitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamissamme (inessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamistamme (elative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiimme (illative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamillamme (adessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiltamme (ablative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamillemme (allative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnaminamme (essive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiksemme (singular translative)
Pohjois-Vietnamittamme (abessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnaminne (nominative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnaminne (accusative nominative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnaminne (accusative genitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnaminne (genitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamianne (partitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamissanne (inessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamistanne (elative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiinne (illative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamillanne (adessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiltanne (ablative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamillenne (allative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnaminanne (essive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiksenne (singular translative)
Pohjois-Vietnamittanne (abessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnaminsa (nominative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnaminsa (accusative nominative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnaminsa (accusative genitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnaminsa (genitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiaan (partitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiansa (partitive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamissaan (inessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamissansa (inessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamistaan (elative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamistansa (elative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiinsa (illative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamillaan (adessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamillansa (adessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiltaan (ablative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamiltansa (ablative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamilleen (allative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamillensa (allative singular)
Pohjois-Vietnaminaan (essive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnaminansa (essive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamikseen (singular translative)
Pohjois-Vietnamiksensa (singular translative)
Pohjois-Vietnamittaan (abessive singular)
Pohjois-Vietnamittansa (abessive singular)

North Vietnam
North Vietnam#English:_Q172640

(historical) North Vietnam (a former Communist country in Southeast Asia that governed northern Vietnam from 1945 to 1975)


Etelä-Vietnam

Etelä-Vietnam (nominative singular)
Etelä-Vietnam (accusative nominative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamin (accusative genitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamin (genitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamia (partitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamissa (inessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamista (elative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiin (illative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamilla (adessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamilta (ablative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamille (allative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamina (essive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiksi (singular translative)
Etelä-Vietnamitta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Etelä-Vietnamini (nominative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamini (accusative nominative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamini (accusative genitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamini (genitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiani (partitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamissani (inessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamistani (elative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiini (illative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamillani (adessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiltani (ablative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamilleni (allative singular)
Etelä-Vietnaminani (essive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamikseni (singular translative)
Etelä-Vietnamittani (abessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamisi (nominative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamisi (accusative nominative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamisi (accusative genitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamisi (genitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiasi (partitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamissasi (inessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamistasi (elative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiisi (illative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamillasi (adessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiltasi (ablative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamillesi (allative singular)
Etelä-Vietnaminasi (essive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiksesi (singular translative)
Etelä-Vietnamittasi (abessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamimme (nominative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamimme (accusative nominative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamimme (accusative genitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamimme (genitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiamme (partitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamissamme (inessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamistamme (elative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiimme (illative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamillamme (adessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiltamme (ablative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamillemme (allative singular)
Etelä-Vietnaminamme (essive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiksemme (singular translative)
Etelä-Vietnamittamme (abessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnaminne (nominative singular)
Etelä-Vietnaminne (accusative nominative singular)
Etelä-Vietnaminne (accusative genitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnaminne (genitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamianne (partitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamissanne (inessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamistanne (elative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiinne (illative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamillanne (adessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiltanne (ablative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamillenne (allative singular)
Etelä-Vietnaminanne (essive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiksenne (singular translative)
Etelä-Vietnamittanne (abessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnaminsa (nominative singular)
Etelä-Vietnaminsa (accusative nominative singular)
Etelä-Vietnaminsa (accusative genitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnaminsa (genitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiaan (partitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiansa (partitive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamissaan (inessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamissansa (inessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamistaan (elative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamistansa (elative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiinsa (illative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamillaan (adessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamillansa (adessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiltaan (ablative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamiltansa (ablative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamilleen (allative singular)
Etelä-Vietnamillensa (allative singular)
Etelä-Vietnaminaan (essive singular)
Etelä-Vietnaminansa (essive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamikseen (singular translative)
Etelä-Vietnamiksensa (singular translative)
Etelä-Vietnamittaan (abessive singular)
Etelä-Vietnamittansa (abessive singular)

[ˈe̞t̪e̞læˌʋie̞̯t̪n̪ɑ̝m]


Hanoï

à Hanoï

de Hanoï


Hue

Hue is the capital of Vietnam's North Central Coast economic region.

Trouble had been brewing for some time, and it burst into the open in the ancient capital city of Hué on May 8, 1963. On that day 8,000 to 10,000 Buddhists marched in protest against a government order banning parades and the display of Buddhist flags on Buddha's birthday.

[1971, Lyndon Johnson, The Vantage Point, Holt, Reinhart & Winston, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 60:


Ханой

ru-proper noun+

Хано́й • (Xanój) m inan (genitive Хано́я, relational adjective хано́йский)

Хано́й (canonical)
Xanój (romanization)
Хано́я (genitive)
хано́йский (adjective relational)
Хано́й (nominative singular)
Хано́я (genitive singular)
Хано́ю (dative singular)
Хано́й (accusative singular)
Хано́ем (instrumental singular)
Хано́е (prepositional singular)


Ханой

uk-proper noun

Хано́й • (Xanój) m inan (genitive Хано́я, uncountable, relational adjective хано́йський)

Хано́й (canonical)
Xanój (romanization)
Хано́я (genitive)
хано́йський (adjective relational)
Хано́й (nominative singular)
Хано́я (genitive singular)
Хано́ю (dative singular)
Хано́єві (dative singular)
Хано́й (accusative singular)
Хано́єм (instrumental singular)
Хано́ю (locative singular)
Хано́ї (locative singular)
Хано́ю (singular vocative)


Sài Gòn

→ Cantonese: 堤岸 (Tai⁴ ngon⁶), 西貢 /西贡 (Sai¹ gung³)

→ English: Saigon

→ French: Saïgon

→ German: Saigon

→ Japanese: サイゴン (Saigon)

→ Khmer: សៃហ្គន (saygɔɔn)

→ Portuguese: Saigão

[saːj˨˩ ɣɔn˨˩]

[ʂaːj˦˩ ɣɔŋ˦˩]

[saːj˦˩ ɣɔŋ˦˩]

[ʂaːj˨˩ ɣɔŋ˨˩]

[saːj˨˩ ɣɔŋ˨˩]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Sài Gòn.wav

Ang Nan
Chey Chettha IV
Chợ Lớn
Citadel of Saigon
Francis Garnier
Lê Quý Đôn
Phủ biên tạp lục
Post-Angkor period
vi:Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh

Uncertain.
The original toponym behind Sài Gòn, was attested earliest as 柴棍, with two phonograms whose Sino-Vietnamese readings are sài and côn respectively, in Lê Quý Đôn's Phủ biên tạp lục (撫邊雜錄 "Miscellaneous Chronicles of the Pacified Frontier", c. 1776), wherein Lê relates that, in 1674, Cambodian prince Ang Sor was installed as king over 高綿 (Cao Miên) and his brother Ang Nan as vice-king in 柴棍 (Sài Gòn) by Vietnamese forces.
柴棍 also appears later in Trịnh Hoài Đức's Gia Định thành thông chí (嘉定城通志 "Comprehensive Records about the Gia Định Citadel", c. 1820), Nam quốc địa dư giáo khoa thư (南國地輿教科書 "Textbook on the Geography of the Southern Country", 1908), etc.
Adrien Launay cites 1747 documents containing the toponyms: provincia Rai-gon (for Sài Gòn "Saigon"), Rai-gon thong (for *Sài Gòn thượng "Upper Saigon"), & Rai-gon-ha (for *Sài Gòn hạ "Lower Saigon").
It is probably a transcription of Khmer ព្រៃនគរ (prɨy nɔɔnɔkɔɔ), or Khmer ព្រៃគរ (preykôr).
The proposal that Sài Gòn is from non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 堤岸 (“embankment”, SV: đê ngạn) (e.g. by Francis Garnier, Vương Hồng Sển, Cheng Zhenghong, etc.) has been critiqued as folk-etymological (e.g. by An Chi, 2016), as:
* (1) Garnier states that the Chinese settlement Tai-ngon or Tin-gan (i.e. 堤岸 Đê Ngạn ~ Đề Ngạn) – the Chinese name for Chợ Lớn – was found in 1778, yet the underlying toponym had possibly been known to Vietnamese as early as 1674, transcribed as 柴棍, then preserved in Phủ biên tạp lục (c. 1776);
* (2) 堤岸 has variant form 提岸, thus suggesting that both are not originals of but instead come from Sài Gòn.

bor

Khmer ព្រៃនគរ (prɨy nɔɔnɔkɔɔ)

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">đê ngạn</i>

vi-etym-sino

Tiến lên giết giặc, siết thêm chặt vòng vây!
Tiến vô Sài Gòn, đánh tan tành giặc Mỹ!
Tiến về Sài Gòn, ta quét sạch giặc thù.
Hướng về đồng bằng, ta tiến về thành đô.

1966, Lưu Hữu Phước, “Tiến về Sài Gòn [Advance Toward Saigon]”performed by Tốp ca nam Đoàn Nghệ thuật Quân khu 7 [The Male Choir of the 7th Military Region's Art Troupe]:

Advance to kill the enemies, tighten the siege!
Advance into Saigon, smash and crush the American foes!
Advancing toward Saigon, we'll sweep away all enemies.
Heading toward the plain, we'll advance toward the metropolis.

Nói 1 câu thể hiện mình là người SÀI GÒN chính gốc đi🤣

2024 October 1, Sài Gòn, Facebook (post):

Go say just one phrase to show you're a true Saigoneer🤣

Saigon (the former name of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam; the former capital of South Vietnam)

(sông ～) Saigon River (a river in southern Vietnam that rises near Phum Daung in southeastern Cambodia and empties into the Nhà Bè River)


太原

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ jyːn²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/tʰai⁴² ŋœŋ¹³/

/tʰai⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ŋyøŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡuan²³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ jyːn²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/tʰai⁴² ŋœŋ¹³/

/tʰai⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ŋyøŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡuan²³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

(～省) Thái Nguyên (a province of Vietnam)


Sen

The demotic name (tên Nôm) for the village, from Old Chinese 蓮 (OC *k.[r]ˤe[n]) (B-S) (SV: liên).

(historical, làng ~) Kim Liên (a village in Kim Liên, Nam Đàn district, Nghệ An Province, Vietnam)


重慶

Trùng Khánh (a district of Cao Bằng Province)


Хошимин

ru-proper noun+

Хошими́н • (Xošimín) m inan (genitive Хошими́на)

Хошими́н (canonical)
Xošimín (romanization)
Хошими́на (genitive)
Хошими́н (nominative singular)
Хошими́на (genitive singular)
Хошими́ну (dative singular)
Хошими́н (accusative singular)
Хошими́ном (instrumental singular)
Хошими́не (prepositional singular)

Ho Chi Minh City (the largest city in Vietnam)


金甌

Borrowed from Vietnamese, probably a phono-semantic matching of Vietnamese Cà Mau, likely via Cantonese.

psm

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/


建安

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ an³³/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ an⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ an³³/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ an⁴⁴/

(～郡) Kiến An (an urban district of Haiphong, Vietnam)


Hải Phòng

desc

→ English: Haiphong, Hai Phong, Hải Phòng

→ German: Haiphong

[haːj˧˨ fɔŋ˦˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 海防 (“Coastal Defense”).


Đà Nẵng

Da Nang (alternative)
Danang (alternative)


Đà Nẵng

head

Đà Nẵng • (沱㶞)

vi-proper noun

Đà Nẵng • (沱㶞)

[ʔɗaː˨˩ naŋ˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɗaː˦˩ naŋ˧˨]

[ʔɗaː˨˩ naŋ˨˩˦]

Possibly from Eastern Cham đanak (“mouth of a river”), đarak (“large river”), or from Western Cham đaknan, đaknưn, from đak (“water”) + nưng (“wide”), after the Hàn River.

Da Nang, Danang (a large city in Central Vietnam)


ព្រៃនគរ

km-proper noun

ព្រៃនគរ • (prɨy nɔɔnɔkɔɔ)

⇒? Vietnamese: Sài Gòn

ព្រៃ (prɨy, “forest”) + នគរ (nɔɔnɔkɔɔ, “town”).

com

(historical) Prey Nokor (a former Khmer settlement which became modern Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), in Vietnam)


Saigón

(historical or informal) Saigon (the former name of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam; the former capital of South Vietnam)


海防

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ fɔːŋ²¹/

/hai³³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ⁵³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ fɔːŋ²¹/

/hai³³⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ⁵³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/


廣義

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ jiː²²/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²²/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²²/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/kɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ jiː²²/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²²/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi²²/

/kɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

/kɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

Quảng Ngãi Province
w:Quảng Ngãi Province

(～省) Quảng Ngãi Province (a province of Vietnam)


平定

/pʰiŋ³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ tɪŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴¹/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ³³/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ³³/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ tɪŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁴¹/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ³³/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ³³/

(～省) Bình Định Province (a province of Vietnam)


Tonkin

Tonquin (alternative)
Tong-King (alternative)

From French Tonkin, from Vietnamese Đông Kinh (“Hanoi; its former kingdom”), from đông (“east, eastern”) + kinh (“capital”), from Middle Chinese 東京 (tuwng kjaeng), q.v.

der

(archaic) Synonym of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam.

(historical) A former kingdom in northern Vietnam.

(historical) A former protectorate in northern Vietnam, a colony of France.

Ellipsis of the Gulf of Tonkin: a gulf in northern Vietnam.


Tonkin

English: Tonkin

From Vietnamese Đông Kinh, a former name for Hanoi. Also see Pékin (“Beijing”) and Nankin (“Nanjing”).

a gulf in northern Vietnam: the Gulf of Tonkin


嘉興

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka³³ hiɪŋ³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka³³ hiɪŋ³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

(～社) Gia Hưng (a commune of Ninh Bình Province, Vietnam)


Spratly Islands

Named after British whaling captain Richard Spratly who sighted the islands in 1843.

named-after

On the other hand, two moves by Japan during this period may have a certain significance. The first was announcement of Japanese occupation of the Spratly islands on March 31, complemented by the annexation, on April 18, of a group of reefs and islets 300 miles long between French Indo-China, the Philippines and British North Borneo in the South China Sea.[…]
The line of least resistance, however, clearly lies toward the south. France and Britain, in particular, would have small military and naval forces at their disposal to protect their eastern possession; or the oil of the Dutch East Indies—for Japan the greatest prize of all. The occupation of Hainan and the Spratly islands has already pointed the way. Only one serious obstacle threatens attainment of this objective: the United States.

1939 April 21, T. A. Bisson, “Roosevelt Appeal Jolts Dictators”, in Foreign Policy Bulletin, volume XVIII, number 26, Foreign Policy Association, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 2-3:

Japan has strengthened its naval position during the war by occupying Hainan Island, located midway between Hong Kong and French Indo-China and squarely athwart the sea route from Hong Kong to Singapore, and the Spratly Islands, off the coast of Indo-China, a little group of coral reefs which may be useful as advanced submarine bases.[…]
Japan remained relatively passive during the first weeks of the new crisis generated by Hitler’s eastward march and the efforts of Great Britain to forge a wall of resistance among the East European countries. The seizure of the Spratly Islands, a small group of coral reefs off the southeastern coast of Indo-China, was a minor operation, although this would certainly not have taken place if France had not been too much concerned in Europe to assert its right of ownership over the Spratly group.

1942, William Henry Chamberlin, “Can Japan Rule East Asia?”, in Japan Over Asia, Revised and Enlarged edition, Garden City, NY: Blue Ribbon Books, →OCLC, pages 424, 430:

In the eastern hemisphere the Japanese occupied the island of Hainan off French Indo-China; annexed the Spratly islands further south, between Indo-China and Borneo; and continued local gains in north China.

1945 January 20, “Seven New Year's Days”, in Army Talks, volume III, number 2, page 5:

The Spratly Islands in the South China Sea are still occupied by troops of the Republic of China, according to Major General Li Chang-hao, spokesman of the Ministry of National Defense.

1975 May 11, “ROC still holds Spratly Islands; no Red challenge”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVI, number 18, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1:

As far as can be determined, all of the Spratly Islands are capped by active coral reef and there are no other rock outcrops. Most of the ‘islands’ are under water at high tide, but some maintain a partial low elevation of a rim surrounding a lagoon, in which case they are sparsely vegetated and inhabited by sea birds. There are no indigenous human inhabitants, but tourists visit for diving and fishing and the military occupy many for territorial claims.

2010 October 9, Charles S. Hutchison, V.R. Vijayan, “What are the Spratly Islands?”, in Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, volume 39, number 5, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

A United States P8A surveillance aircraft flying near the disputed Spratly islands in the South China Sea on May 20 was asked by the Chinese navy to leave the area.

2015 May 21, “Chinese navy warns off U.S. reconnaissance plane over Spratlys”, in Focus Taiwan, archived from the original on 2022-09-27, Cross-Strait:

On December 10, a flotilla of 40 boats set off from the Philippine coastal town of El Nido in Palawan province to a group of islets and shoals in the South China Sea called the Spratly Islands, parts of which are claimed by several countries.

2023 December 26, Wesley Rahn, “Why the South China Sea was turbulent in 2023”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2023-12-26, Conflicts:

A group of islands, atolls, reefs, and cays in the South China Sea.


अमरावती

hi-proper noun

अमरावती • (amrāvatī) f (Urdu spelling امراوتی)

amrāvatī (romanization)
امراوتی (Urdu)
अमरावती (direct singular)
अमरावती (oblique singular)
अमरावती (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अमरावती (amarāvatī) and Telugu అమరావతి (amarāvati).

wp

अमरावती, आन्ध्र प्रदेश

अमरावती (चम्पा)

bor+

/əm.ɾɑː.ʋə.t̪iː/

[ɐ̃m.ɾäː.ʋɐ.t̪iː]

Amaravati (an ancient kingdom in Champa, Vietnam)


西寧

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (西寧):
* → Japanese: 西寧(せいねい) (Seinei)
* → Korean: 서녕(西寧) (Seonyeong)

→ English: Xining, Sining, Hsi-ning

/ɕi⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/ɕi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ nɛn¹¹/

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹¹ nɛŋ¹³/

/ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ nɛŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/se³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/ɕi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ nɛn¹¹/

/ɬe⁵³³⁻¹¹ nɛŋ¹³/

/ɬe⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ nɛŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/se³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

; "Xining": Coined in 1104 with the establishment of 西寧州 (“Xining prefecture”), intended to convey the meaning "peaceful western frontier". Compare 西零 (MC sej len).


ទឹកខ្មៅ

km-proper noun

ទឹកខ្មៅ • (tɨk khmaw)

→ Vietnamese: Cà Mau

ទឹក (tɨk, “water”) + ខ្មៅ (khmaw, “black”), literally "black water".


Hanojo

From Vietnamese Hà Nội, which is a Sino-Vietnamese word 河內 (literally “between rivers”).


Đông Kinh

→ English: Tonkin

→ French: Tonkin

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ kïŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨn˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ kɨn˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Đông Kinh.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 東京, composed of 東 (“eastern”) and 京 (“capital”).

vi-etym-sino

Đông Kinh Nghĩa thục

(historical) former name of Hanoi, capital city of Vietnam


西湖

→ English: West Lake (calque)

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

; “West Lake (in Hangzhou)”
; “Xihu District, Hangzhou”

(～郡) Tây Hồ (a district of Hanoi, Vietnam)


South Vietnam

South Viet Nam (alternative)
South Viet-Nam (alternative)

China is so large, looms so high just beyond the frontiers, that if South Vietnam went, it would not only give them an improved geographic position for the guerrilla assault on Malaya but would also give the impression that the wave of the future in Southeast Asia was China and the Communists. So I believe it.

1971, Lyndon Johnson, quoting John F. Kennedy, The Vantage Point, Holt, Reinhart & Winston, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 61:

Republic of Vietnam
Republic of Vietnam#English

(historical) A former country in Southeast Asia that governed southern Vietnam from 1955 to 1975. Official name: Republic of Vietnam.


កោះត្រល់

km-proper noun

កោះត្រល់ • (kɑh trɑl)

កោះ ត្រល់ (canonical)
kɑh trɑl (romanization)

Phú Quốc Island (an island of Kiên Giang Province, Vietnam)


サイゴン

Ultimately borrowed from Vietnamese Sài Gòn.
The kanji spellings 西貢, 柴棍 are considered to be ateji. However, the 柴棍 spelling is rooted in the Vietnamese etymology of the name; see Sài Gòn for more.

Saigon (the former name of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam; the former capital of South Vietnam)


順化

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/sɵn²² faː³³/

/suŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/

/ʂu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/sɵn²² faː³³/

/suŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/

(～市) Hue (a city in Thừa Thiên Huế province, central Vietnam)


Red River

They have also identified the fault in the earth's crust along which this motion took place. It is a belt of severely altered rocks more than 600 miles long, from Tibet to the Gulf of Tonkin. The Red River, which flows from China across Vietnam into the gulf, follows this zone.

1990 February 20, “SCIENCE WATCH; How Indochina Moved”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-25, Section C, page 13:

Thanks to the Red River, the principal watercourse that disgorges into the gulf, the coastal region has long enjoyed a navigable connection to the foothills of the gulf's mountainous hinterland (modern Laos, northern Vietnam, and Yunnan) and to the peoples of the region and the valuable local products that historically flowed downriver from them to the sea.

2011, Li Tana, “The Tongking Gulf Through History: A Geopolitical Overview”, in Nola Cooke, Li Tana, James A. Anderson, editors, The Tongking Gulf Through History, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 5:

A river in northern Vietnam and Yunnan, southern China.

紅河 /红河

the Red River of Yunnan in southern China and of northern Vietnam


Հանոյ

Hanoy (romanization)
Հանոյ (nominative singular singular-only)
Հանոյի (dative singular singular-only)
Հանոյից (ablative singular singular-only)
Հանոյով (instrumental singular singular-only)
Հանոյում (locative singular singular-only)
Հանոյը (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Հանոյն (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Հանոյին (dative definite singular singular-only)
Հանոյս (first-person nominative possessive singular singular-only)
Հանոյիս (dative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Հանոյիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Հանոյովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular singular-only)
Հանոյումս (first-person locative possessive singular singular-only)
Հանոյդ (nominative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Հանոյիդ (dative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Հանոյիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Հանոյովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Հանոյումդ (locative possessive second-person singular singular-only)

hy-decl-noun-unc

Հանոյը / Հանոյն

Հանոյները / Հանոյներն

Հանոյներումս

Հանոյներումդ


Thanh Long

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ lɔŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 青龍, composed of 青 (“blue”) and 龍 (“dragon”), from Literary Chinese 青龍 (qīnglóng).

vi-etym-sino

Thanh-Long (alternative)
Thanh-long (alternative)

a commune of Hà Quảng district, Cao Bằng Province, Vietnam

a commune of Yên Mỹ district, Hưng Yên Province, Vietnam

a commune of Văn Lãng district, Lạng Sơn Province, Vietnam

a commune of Thanh Chương district, Nghệ An Province, Vietnam


Sông Hồng

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˦˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

sông (“river”) + hồng (“red”), calque of French fleuve Rouge. The Sinicized Hồng Hà was also calqued from the same source.
The native/colloquial name (tên Nôm) of the river was sông Cái, literally "great/big river"; this word was transliterated by the French as Song-Koï and Song-Coï. The literary name(s) (tên chữ) of the river was 珥水 (Nhị/Nhĩ thuỷ) (textual evidence) and 珥河 (Nhị/Nhĩ hà); both the readings nhĩ and nhị for the first character were in use, although nhị seems to be more common.
Since 紅河 (Hồng Hà) was adopted late (during the colonial period), it is not clear if it ever sufficiently replaced 珥水 (Nhị/Nhĩ thuỷ) and 珥河 (Nhị/Nhĩ hà) as the administrative tên chữ. Some of the earlier works attesting the spread of sông Hồng (Hà/Giang) as the vernacular name of the river including Nam Hải dị nhân liệt truyện (1909) and Việt Nam sử lược (1920). With the spread of sông Hồng, both the native tên Nôm sông Cái and the administrative-literary tên chữ 珥水 (Nhị/Nhĩ thuỷ)/珥河 (Nhị/Nhĩ hà) were rendered obsolete.

Red River (a river in northern Vietnam and Yunnan, southern China)


Bạch Mã

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ maː˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ maː˧˨]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ maː˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 白馬 (“white horse”).

Đà Nẵng
Đà Nẵng

a mountain range in Vietnam, lying between Thừa Thiên-Huế Province and Đà Nẵng City


ໂຮຈີມິນ

lo-proper noun

ໂຮຈີມິນ • (hō chī min)


North Vietnam

North Viet-Nam (alternative)
North Viet Nam (alternative)

When we visited Laos, I had lunch with Souvanna Phouma. During the course of the lunch, he said we ought to bomb Red China, that it was the effective way to stop their aid to North Vietnam.

1976, Hubert H. Humphrey, The Education of a Public Man: My Life and Politics, Garden City, NY: Doubleday, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 333:

Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Democratic Republic of Vietnam#English

(historical) A former Communist country in Southeast Asia that governed northern Vietnam from 1945 to 1975. Official name: Democratic Republic of Vietnam.

Vietnam i Veriut

(historical) a state (officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam) that governed northern Vietnam in 1945–1975


Trùng Khánh

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˨˩ xajŋ̟˧˦]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˦˩ kʰɛɲ˦˧˥]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˦˩ xɛɲ˦˧˥]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˨˩ kʰan˦˥]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˨˩ xan˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 重慶.
In the past, the area of this district was known as Tư Lang (思琅), Thượng Lang (上琅) ,etc. In the 7th year of Minh Mạng (1826), the name of this area was changed to Trùng Khánh Prefecture (phủ Trùng Khánh).

Trùng Khánh (a district of Cao Bằng Province)


Đắk Lắk

→ English: Đắk Lắk

[ʔɗak̚˧˦ lak̚˧˦]

[ʔɗak̚˦˧˥ lak̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗak̚˦˥ lak̚˦˥]

From Eastern Mnong dak Lak (“Lak Lake”). Spellings with or without the diacritical marks (or even with or without a space) have been found to be inconsistently used by some agencies and institutions (e.g. Nhà khách tỉnh Daklak (“Dak Lak Guest House”)). A spelling without would be more representative of the original pronunciation (as "đác lác", with dak being the Mnong cognate to Vietnamese nác/nước (“water”)), although this spelling here is officially used.


Buôn Ma Thuột

[ʔɓuən˧˧ maː˧˧ tʰuət̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓuəŋ˧˧ maː˧˧ tʰuək̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓuəŋ˧˧ maː˧˧ tʰuək̚˨˩˨]

From Rade ƀuôn (“village”) + ama (“father”) + Y Thuôt (a Rade personal name), literally "Y Thuôt's father's village". Compare Ban Mê Thuột (literally “Thuôt's mother's village”).

Buôn Ma Thuột (the provincial capital of Đắk Lắk Province, Vietnam)


Sa Đéc

[saː˧˧ ʔɗɛk̚˧˦]

[ʂaː˧˧ ʔɗɛk̚˦˧˥]

[saː˧˧ ʔɗɛk̚˦˧˥]

[ʂaː˧˧ ʔɗɛk̚˦˥]

[saː˧˧ ʔɗɛk̚˦˥]

From Khmer ផ្សារ (phsaa, “market”) + ដែក (daek, “iron”), literally "iron market".


Mĩ Tho

[mi˦ˀ˥ tʰɔ˧˧]

[mɪj˧˨ tʰɔ˧˧]

[mɪj˨˩˦ tʰɔ˧˧]

From Khmer ស្រុក (srok, “inhabited area”) + មេ (mee, “girl”) + ស (sɑɑ, “white”), literally "land of white girls". The first element was somehow dropped.

(history) a former province of Vietnam, now part of Tiền Giang Province

the capital city of Tiền Giang Province, Vietnam

(sông ～) the Mỹ Tho River (a river in Vietnam)


Vinh

A city, the provincial capital of Nghệ An Province, Vietnam.


Vinh

The city is called 永市 (“Vĩnh thị”) in Đại Nam nhất thống chí and 永城庯 (“Vĩnh thành phố”) in the Đại Nam thực lục. The occurrence of 永 (SV: vĩnh) as the city name in these adminstrative/official documents is obviously just another case of the common practice of phonetic matching to form a new tên chữ from the original tên Nôm and is of little actual etymological value.
In the past, this place was known by many names: Kẻ Vang, Kẻ Vịnh, Kẻ Vinh, Kẻ Vĩnh, Vinh Giang, Vinh Doanh.

the provincial capital of Nghệ An Province, Vietnam


Kế Sách

[kej˨˩˦ ʂat̚˦˧˥]

Etymology tree
Proto-Austroasiatic *skaːcʔ
Khmer ខ្សាច់ (khsac)bor.
Vietnamese Kế Sách
From Khmer ខ្សាច់ (khsac, “sand”). Doublet of cát.


Sa Pa

[saː˧˧ paː˧˧]

[ʂaː˧˧ paː˧˧]

[saː˧˧ paː˧˧]

[ʂaː˧˧ paː˧˧]

[saː˧˧ paː˧˧]

From Hmong, from Mandarin 沙壩 /沙坝 (Shābà, “sandbank”) (SV: Sa Bá). Doublet of Sa Pả.

Sa Pa (a town in Lào Cai Province, Vietnam)

Sa Pa (the capital of Sa Pa district, Lào Cai Province, Vietnam)


Sajgon

pl-prop

Sajgon m inan (related adjective sajgoński)

sajgoński (adjective)
Sajgon (nominative singular)
Sajgonu (genitive singular)
Sajgonowi (dative singular)
Sajgon (accusative singular)
Sajgonem (instrumental singular)
Sajgonie (locative singular)
Sajgonie (singular vocative)

Saigon (the former name of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam; the former capital of South Vietnam)


南ベトナム

南ベトナム (canonical)
Minami Betonamu (romanization)

(historical) South Vietnam (a former country in Southeast Asia that governed southern Vietnam from 1955 to 1975)


北ベトナム

北ベトナム (canonical)
Kita Betonamu (romanization)

(historical) North Vietnam (a former Communist country in Southeast Asia that governed northern Vietnam from 1945 to 1975)


Thanh Hoá

The capital city of Thanh Hoá Province, Vietnam.


Thanh Hoá

→ English: Thanh Hoá

[tʰajŋ̟˧˧ hwaː˧˦]

[tʰɛɲ˧˧ hwaː˨˩˦]

Thanh Hoá (the capital city of Thanh Hoá Province, Vietnam)


ฮานอย

th-proper noun

ฮานอย • (haa-nɔɔi)

From English Hanoi, from Vietnamese Hà Nội.


เว้

From Vietnamese Huế. Cognate with Lao ເວ້ (wē).


ไซ่ง่อน

ไซ่ง่อน • (sâi-ngɔ̂n)


Bảo Lộc

Sino-Vietnamese word from 保祿, from Koho B'Lao. Doublet of B'Lao.

[ʔɓaːw˧˩ ləwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓaːw˧˨ ləwk͡p̚˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓaːw˨˩˦ ləwk͡p̚˨˩˨]

Bảo Lộc (a city in Lâm Đồng Province, Vietnam)


Giăng

(sông ～) a river in Nghệ An Province, Vietnam


Thuận Hoá

[tʰwən˧˨ʔ hwaː˧˦]

[tʰwəŋ˨˩ʔ hwaː˨˩˦]

[tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨ waː˦˥]

a commune of Tuyên Hoá district, Quảng Bình Province, Vietnam


廣寧

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

Quảng Ninh Province
w:Quảng Ninh Province

(～省) Quảng Ninh Province (a province of Vietnam)


平順

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ sɵn²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² sun²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² sun⁴¹/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² sun²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sun³³/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ sun³³/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ sɵn²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² sun²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² sun⁴¹/

/piɪŋ¹³⁻²² sun²²/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sun³³/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ sun³³/

Bình Thuận Province
w:Bình Thuận Province

(～省) Bình Thuận Province (a province of Vietnam)


हिंदचीन

hi-proper noun

हिंदचीन • (hindcīn) m (Urdu spelling ہندچین)

hindcīn (romanization)
ہندچین (Urdu)
हिंदचीन (direct singular)
हिंदचीन (oblique singular)
हिंदचीन (singular vocative)
हिन्दचीन (alternative)

[ɦɪ̃n̪d̪̚.t͡ʃĩːn]

हिंद (hind, “India”) + चीन (cīn, “China”). Calque of English Indochina.

compound

Indochina (a region comprising former French colonial possessions in Southeast Asia, including Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia)


清化

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ faː³³/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ faː³³/

(～市) Thanh Hoá (the capital city of Thanh Hoá Province, Vietnam)


富川

/fu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/fuː³³ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/fu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/fuː³³ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Phú Xuyên District (a district of Vietnam)


廣南

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ naːm²¹/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ naːm²¹/


老街

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

(～市) Lào Cai (a city in Lào Cai Province, Vietnam)


崑崙

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ lɵn²¹/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ lɵn²¹/

昆仑
昆侖
*崐崘
*崑崘

(～島) Côn Sơn Island (an island of Vietnam)


चंपा

hi:चंपा hi:चम्पा

[t͡ʃɐ̃m.päː]

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit चम्पक (campaka), ultimately from Malay cempaka, Javanese cĕmpaka or another Malayo-Polynesian language, such as Sundanese campaka, Balinese campaka, Minangkabau campagǒ, Madurese compaka, Makasar campaga, Buginese cepaga, Tombulu sampaka.


芹苴

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/


安江

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～省) An Giang Province (a province of Vietnam)


北江

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～省) Bắc Giang Province (a province of Vietnam)


北𣴓

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Orthographic borrowing from Vietnamese Bắc Kạn.

obor

(～省) Bắc Kạn Province (a province of Vietnam)


薄遼

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/


北寧

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

(～省) Bắc Ninh Province (a province of Vietnam)


巴地頭頓

ㄅㄚ ㄉㄧˋ ㄊㄡˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

ㄅㄚ ㄉㄧˋ ㄊㄡˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ

/pä⁵⁵ ti⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ ti⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu
Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu#English

(～省) Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu (a province of Vietnam)


檳椥

/pin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/pin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/


平福

/pʰiŋ³⁵ fu³⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ fu³⁵/

Bình Phước Province
w:Bình Phước Province

(～省) Bình Phước Province (a province of Vietnam)


多樂

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/


多農

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ nʊŋ³⁵/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ nʊŋ³⁵/

(～省) Đắk Nông Province (a province of Vietnam)


奠邊

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

(～省) Điện Biên Province (a province of Vietnam)

Điện Biên Province
Điện Biên Province#English

(～縣) Điện Biên District (a district of Điện Biên Province, Vietnam)


同奈

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ naɪ̯⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ naɪ̯⁵¹/

(～省) Đồng Nai Province (a province of Vietnam)


同塔

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～省) Đồng Tháp Province (a province of Vietnam)


嘉萊

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

(～省) Gia Lai Province (a province of Vietnam)


河江

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～省) Hà Giang Province (a province of Vietnam)


海陽

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/


河靜

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ t͡sɪŋ²²/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ t͡sɪŋ²²/

(～省) Hà Tĩnh Province (a province of Vietnam)


後江

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～省) Hậu Giang Province (a province of Vietnam)


興安

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～省) Hưng Yên Province (a province of Vietnam)


慶和

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

(～省) Khánh Hòa Province (a province of Vietnam)


堅江

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kiːn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kiːn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

Kiên Giang Province
w:Kiên Giang Province

(～省) Kiên Giang Province (a province of Vietnam)


崑嵩

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～省) Kon Tum Province (a province of Vietnam)


萊州

/laɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lɔːi̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/laɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lɔːi̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～省) Lai Châu Province (a province of Vietnam)


林同

/lin³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/lin³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

(～省) Lâm Đồng Province (a province of Vietnam)


諒山

/li̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lœːŋ²² saːn⁵⁵/

/li̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lœːŋ²² saːn⁵⁵/


隆安

/lʊŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/


南定

/nän³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

(～省) Nam Định Province (a province of Vietnam)


寧平

/niŋ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/niŋ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

(～省) Ninh Bình Province (a province of Vietnam)


寧順

/niŋ³⁵ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/niŋ³⁵ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

Ninh Thuận Province
w:Ninh Thuận Province

(～省) Ninh Thuận Province (a province of Vietnam)


富壽

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

(～省) Phú Thọ Province (a province of Vietnam)


富安

/fu⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/fu⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

(～省) Phú Yên Province (a province of Vietnam)


廣平

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

Quảng Bình Province
w:Quảng Bình Province

(～省) Quảng Bình Province (a province of Vietnam)


廣治

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

(～省) Quảng Trị Province (a province of Vietnam)


朔莊

/ʂu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Sóc Trăng (a city, the provincial capital of Sóc Trăng Province, Vietnam)


山羅

/ʂän⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/ʂän⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

(～省) Sơn La Province (a province of Vietnam)


承天順化

ㄔㄥˊ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

ㄔㄥˊ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

Чэнтяньшуньхуа

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

Thừa Thiên-Huế Province
w:Thừa Thiên-Huế Province

(～省) Thừa Thiên-Huế Province (a province of Vietnam)


前江

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/


茶榮

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

(～省) Trà Vinh Province (a province of Vietnam)


宣光

/ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

Tuyên Quang Province
w:Tuyên Quang Province

(～省) Tuyên Quang Province (a province of Vietnam)


永隆

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ lʊŋ²¹/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ lʊŋ²¹/


安沛

/ˀän⁵⁵ pʰeɪ̯⁵¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ pʰeɪ̯⁵¹/

(～省) Yên Bái Province (a province of Vietnam)


永福

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ fʊk̚⁵/

/yŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾nɒʔ²¹/

/yŋ³³²⁻²⁴ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾nɒʔ²/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fu³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ fʊk̚⁵/

/yŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾nɒʔ²¹/

/yŋ³³²⁻²⁴ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾nɒʔ²/

(～省) Vĩnh Phúc Province (a province of Vietnam)


峴港

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiːn²² kɔːŋ³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiːn²² kɔːŋ³⁵/

Corruption of 蜆港 (“mussel port”), referring to the nearby Sơn Trà island, an island shaped like a mussel (蜆) and used by ancient Chinese vessels as a point of navigation to Đà Nẵng.


邦美蜀

/pɑŋ⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɑŋ⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


邊和

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/


大叻

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/


歸仁

→ English: Gueiren, Kueijen

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/


美荻

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti³⁵/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti³⁵/


榮市

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/


頭頓

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/


下龍

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/haː²² lʊŋ²¹/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/haː²² lʊŋ²¹/


芽莊

/jä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋaː²¹ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/jä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋaː²¹ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/


越池

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/


波來古

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


迪石

/ti³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ti³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/


洞海

/tʊŋ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


錦普

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


龍川

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuan³³/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuan³³/

/liɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

/liɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/

(～市) Long Xuyên (a city, the provincial capital of An Giang Province, Vietnam)


潘切

/pʰän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/pʰän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/


三岐

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/


綏和

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/


土龍木

ㄊㄨˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄨˋ

ㄊㄨˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄨˋ

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵ mu⁵¹/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵ mu⁵¹/


汪秘

/wɑŋ⁵⁵ mi⁵¹/

/wɑŋ⁵⁵ mi⁵¹/


朱篤

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ tu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ tu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


保祿

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚¹²¹/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/pɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lɔk̚²⁴/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚¹²¹/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/

/pɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lɔk̚²⁴/


奠邊府

ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄅㄧㄢ ㄈㄨˇ

ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄅㄧㄢ ㄈㄨˇ

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


東河

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/


高嶺

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

For the fourth sense, borrowed from Malay Kodiang, from Thai เขาแดง (kǎo-dɛɛng, literally “Red Mount”).


公河

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/


會安

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/wuːi̯²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/wuːi̯²² ɔːn⁵⁵/


金蘭

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ län³⁵/

When two men are one in heart, not iron bolts keep them apart. From the words they in their union use, fragrance like orchid plants diffuse.

I Ching, 11ᵗʰ – 8ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Èr rén tóngxīn, qí lì duàn jīn. Tóngxīn zhī yán, qí xiù rú lán.

二人同心，其利斷金。同心之言，其臭如蘭。

二人同心，其利断金。同心之言，其臭如兰。


芒街

/mɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/mɔːŋ⁵⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/mɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/mɔːŋ⁵⁵ kaːi̯⁵⁵/


三疊

/sän⁵⁵ ti̯ɛ³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ti̯ɛ³⁵/


渭清

/weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/


新安

/ɕin⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/


岑山

/t͡sʰən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/


府里

/fu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


日南

/ʐ̩⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ nän³⁵/

(historical) (～郡) Rinan (an ancient commandery in modern Vietnam)


Hội An

[hoj˨ˀ˨ˀ ʔɔŋ˧˧]

[hoj˧˨ʔ ʔaːn˧˧]

[hoj˨˩ʔ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

[hoj˨˩˨ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

Hội An (a city in Quảng Nam Province, Vietnam)


Lào Cai

Hokou County in Yunnan Province and Lao Kay in Vietnam are separated by a river. The two banks of the river are full of wandering Overseas Chinese refugees.

[1978 May 24 [1978 May 21], “57,000 Persecuted Overseas Chinese Residing in Vietnam Have Returned to China”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 101, sourced from Hong Kong TA KUNG PAO, translation of original in Chinese, →ISSN, →OCLC, page N 5:


Lào Cai

→ English: Lào Cai

From Hmong, from Chinese 老街 (MC lawX keaj) (SV: lão nhai).


An Giang

→ English: An Giang

→ Khmer: អាងយ៉ាង (ʼaangyaang)

[ʔaːn˧˧ zaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]


Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu

/ˈbɑːɹiəvʊŋtaʊ/

Borrowed from Vietnamese Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu.


Bạc Liêu

→ English: Bạc Liêu

[ʔɓaːk̚˧˨ʔ liəw˧˧]

[ʔɓaːk̚˨˩ʔ liw˧˧]

[ʔɓaːk̚˨˩˨ liw˧˧]

Superficially Sino-Vietnamese word from 薄寮 (“poor neighborhood”), but almost certainly of Khmer origin, probably ពលលាវ (pɔɔlliəw, “Laotian post/stronghold”) like what the Khmers still call it, since troops of the Lao Kingdom of Champasak used to maintain a military post here. The Chinese characters are simply phonograms.
In the past, this place name was also written as 北遼 (SV: Bắc Liêu) because the negative connotation of the character 薄.


Bắc Kạn

→ English: Bắc Kạn

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ kaːn˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ kaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ kaːŋ˨˩˨]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese word from 北扞 (SV: Bắc Cản). From Tày Pác Kản, of uncertain meaning. According to some documents, the name "Bắc Kạn" is derived from pác cạm (“gateway”) or pác cáp (“the intersection between streams”).


Bắc Giang

→ English: Bắc Giang

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ zaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ jaːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ jaːŋ˧˧]


Bắc Ninh

→ English: Bắc Ninh

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ nïŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ nɨn˧˧]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ nɨn˧˧]


Bến Tre

→ English: Bến Tre

[ʔɓen˧˦ t͡ɕɛ˧˧]

[ʔɓen˦˧˥ ʈɛ˧˧]

[ʔɓəːn˦˥ ʈɛ˧˧]

bến (“wharf, port”) + tre (“bamboo”), calque of Khmer កំពង់ឫស្សី (kâmpôngrœ̆ssei, “bamboo port”).


Bình Dương

→ English: Bình Dương

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ jɨəŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Bình Dương.wav


Bình Định

→ English: Bình Định

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 平定 (“subjugation”).
The toponym was coined in 1799 by the first emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty, Nguyễn Ánh, after he had taken this land from the Tây Sơn Dynasty.


Bình Phước

→ English: Bình Phước

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ fɨək̚˧˦]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ fɨək̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ fɨək̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 平福. Doublet of Bằng Phúc and Bình Phúc.


Bình Thuận

→ English: Bình Thuận

[ʔɓïŋ˨˩ tʰwən˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˦˩ tʰwəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓɨn˨˩ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]


Cao Bằng

→ English: Cao Bằng

[kaːw˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

[kaːw˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˦˩]

[kaːw˧˧ ʔɓaŋ˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 高平, with Northern reading of the second character.


Cần Thơ

Cantho (alternative)
Can Tho (alternative)


Cần Thơ

[kən˨˩ tʰəː˧˧]

[kəŋ˦˩ tʰəː˧˧]

[kəŋ˨˩ tʰəː˧˧]

Unknown. One theory proposes that this is a corruption of Cầm Thi in Cầm Thi Giang (literally “river of poems”), a poetic name given by Gia Long for a river nearby. Another legend has it that this is a combination of rau cần (“water dropwort”) + rau thơm (“mint”), both products of the Cần Thơ area in ancient times.
The suggestions above are both certainly folk etymologies. The Cần in placenames almost always reflects a presyllable of the shape kVN- in Khmer (where N is a nasal), compare Cần Giờ (from Khmer កញ្ជើ (kɑɑkɑñcəə)), Cần Giuộc (from Khmer កន្ទួត (kɑɑntuət)), Cần Vọt/Cần Bột (from Khmer កំពត (kɑmpɔɔt)). Still, it is not known which specific Khmer item Cần Thơ was borrowed from.

ncog

Khmer កញ្ជើ (kɑɑkɑñcəə)


Đồng Nai

→ English: Đồng Nai

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ naːj˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ naːj˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ naːj˧˧]

Per folk/surface etymology, from đồng (“field”) + nai (“deer”), literally “Field of Deer”. Alternatively, from the Mạ word for "river" (comparable to Koho đờng) and the word nai above, if so, originally referred to the Đồng Nai River.
Even if the surface etymology is faulty, it was popular enough that 鹿野 (Lộc Dã) became one of the tên chữ (“literary name”) of the region. See also Đồng Xoài and Đồng Tháp, although it is not clear if the Đồng there are related to that of Đồng Nai (or even to each other) or not.
Compare also Hố Nai (literally “Deer Pit”) (at least superficially), the name of a ward of Biên Hoà, the capital city of Đồng Nai, and a likely related toponym.


Đồng Tháp

→ English: Đồng Tháp

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ tʰaːp̚˧˦]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩ tʰaːp̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩ tʰaːp̚˦˥]

Clipping of Đồng Tháp Mười (“field of ten towers”), the name of an area of marshland and wetland in Southwestern Vietnam. See also Tháp Mười, the name of a district in the province.


Điện Biên

→ English: Điện Biên

[ʔɗiən˧˨ʔ ʔɓiən˧˧]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɓiəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɓiəŋ˧˧]


Hà Giang

→ English: Hà Giang

[haː˨˩ zaːŋ˧˧]

[haː˦˩ jaːŋ˧˧]

[haː˨˩ jaːŋ˧˧]

Perhaps a combination of Sino-Vietnamese word from 河 and non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 楊 (SV: dương), as written in Đồng Khánh địa dư chí in 1887.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">dương</i>


Hà Nam

→ English: Hà Nam

Sino-Vietnamese word from 河南 (“South of The River”). Refers to the fact that it is located south of the Red River. Or a combination of Vietnamese Hà Nội and Nam Định because it is located between these two provinces.


Hải Dương

→ English: Hải Dương

[haːj˧˩ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[haːj˧˨ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[haːj˨˩˦ jɨəŋ˧˧]

城東𩈘鎮海陽
暈紅𣋽𤍊𡬷󰱺威𡗶
𨑮糁縣滝𣳢𦂾錦
城六稜高湿鐄磋

19th century, Hải Dương phong vật khúc dụng quốc âm ca (海陽風物曲用國音歌):

The Eastern Fort in the province of Hải Dương,
Received the early sunlight, always inches away from the power of Heaven.
Rivers and streams weave into brocade throughout [the province's] eighteen districts,
The hexagonal fort, tall or low, was painted golden.

Thành Đông mặt trấn Hải Dương,
Vầng hồng sớm tỏ, tấc gang oai Trời.
Mười tám huyện, sông ngòi dệt gấm,
Thành lục lăng, cao thấp vàng xây.


Hoà Bình

→ English: Hoà Bình, Hoabinhian

[hwaː˨˩ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[hwaː˦˩ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[waː˨˩ ʔɓɨn˨˩]


Hậu Giang

→ English: Hậu Giang

[həw˧˨ʔ zaːŋ˧˧]

[həw˨˩ʔ jaːŋ˧˧]

[həw˨˩˨ jaːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 後江 (“back river”). Piecewise doublet of sông Hậu.

piecewise doublet

<i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">sông Hậu</i>


Hưng Yên

→ English: Hưng Yên

[hɨŋ˧˧ ʔiən˧˧]

[hɨŋ˧˧ ʔiəŋ˧˧]

[hɨŋ˧˧ ʔiəŋ˧˧]


Khánh Hoà

→ English: Khánh Hoà

[kʰɛɲ˦˧˥ hwaː˦˩]

[xɛɲ˦˧˥ hwaː˦˩]


Kiên Giang

→ English: Kiên Giang

[kiən˧˧ zaːŋ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]

[kiəŋ˧˧ jaːŋ˧˧]


Kon Tum

→ English: Kon Tum

[kɔŋ˧˧ tum˧˧]

[kɔŋ˧˧ tʊm˧˧]

[kəwŋ͡m˧˧ tʊm˧˧]

Explained in some Vietnamese sources as being from a Bahnar phrase meaning "lake village". However, no such matching elements can be found, the closest is probably kơtu (“old abandoned village”). Even using possible "variants" of the first syllable (such as kông and kom, Bahnar's vowel length distinction also taken into account) yields little, except for maybe akŏm (“to meet together, to gather things”). In Bahnar, "village" is pơlei, while "lake, pond" is dơnŏu.


Lai Châu

→ English: Lai Châu

[laːj˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[laːj˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 萊州. From Tai Dam Mường Lay, the capital of the former Lai Châu Province (1962-1992). From ꪹꪣꪉ + lay.
 Currently Mường Lay Town belongs to Điện Biên Province.


Lạng Sơn

→ English: Lạng Sơn

[laːŋ˧˨ʔ səːn˧˧]

[laːŋ˨˩ʔ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[laːŋ˨˩ʔ səːŋ˧˧]

[laːŋ˨˩˨ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[laːŋ˨˩˨ səːŋ˧˧]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese word from 諒山 (SV: Lượng Sơn). "諒" is a phonetic transcription from Tày lủng (“valley”).


Lâm Đồng

→ English: Lâm Đồng

[ləm˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]

[ləm˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˩]

[ləm˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˨˩]


Long An

→ English: Long An

[lawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔaːn˧˧]

[lawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

[lɔŋ˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

[lawŋ͡m˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧]


Nam Định

→ English: Nam Định

[naːm˧˧ ʔɗïŋ˧˨ʔ]

[naːm˧˧ ʔɗɨn˨˩ʔ]

[naːm˧˧ ʔɗɨn˨˩˨]


Ninh Bình

→ English: Ninh Bình

[nïŋ˧˧ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[nɨn˧˧ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[nɨn˧˧ ʔɓɨn˨˩]


Ninh Thuận

→ English: Ninh Thuận

[nïŋ˧˧ tʰwən˧˨ʔ]

[nɨn˧˧ tʰwəŋ˨˩ʔ]

[nɨn˧˧ tʰ⁽ʷ⁾əŋ˨˩˨]


Phú Yên

→ English: Phú Yên

[fu˧˦ ʔiən˧˧]

[fʊw˨˩˦ ʔiəŋ˧˧]

[fʊw˦˥ ʔiəŋ˧˧]


Quảng Bình

→ English: Quảng Bình

[kwaːŋ˧˩ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[kwaːŋ˧˨ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ ʔɓɨn˨˩]


Quảng Nam

→ English: Quảng Nam

[waːŋ˨˩˦ naːm˧˧]

Phố cổ Hội An nằm ở tỉnh Quảng Nam, đã tồn tại từ hơn năm thế kỉ.

The old quarter of Hội An is located at Quảng Nam province and existed for more than five centuries.


Quảng Ngãi

→ English: Quảng Ngãi

[kwaːŋ˧˩ ŋaːj˦ˀ˥]

[kwaːŋ˧˨ ŋaːj˧˨]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ ŋaːj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 廣義, with the South Central-Southern form of the second character.


Quảng Ninh

→ English: Quảng Ninh

[kwaːŋ˧˩ nïŋ˧˧]

[kwaːŋ˧˨ nɨn˧˧]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ nɨn˧˧]


Quảng Trị

→ English: Quảng Trị

[kwaːŋ˧˩ t͡ɕi˧˨ʔ]

[kwaːŋ˧˨ ʈɪj˨˩ʔ]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ ʈɪj˨˩˨]

a district-level town in Quảng Trị Province, Vietnam


Sơn La

→ English: Sơn La

[səːn˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ laː˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ laː˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ laː˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ laː˧˧]


Tây Ninh

→ English: Tây Ninh

[təj˧˧ nïŋ˧˧]

[təj˧˧ nɨn˧˧]

[təj˧˧ nɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 西寧 (“West Peaceful”). Because the province is located on the western border of Vietnam, the name prays for the peace and stability of the border area.


Thái Bình

A city, the capital of Thái Bình Province, Vietnam.


Thái Bình

→ English: Thái Bình

[tʰaːj˧˦ ʔɓïŋ˨˩]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ ʔɓɨn˦˩]

[tʰaːj˦˥ ʔɓɨn˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 太平 (“great peace”). Doublet of Thới Bình.

Thái Bình (a city, the capital of Thái Bình Province, Vietnam)


Thái Nguyên

→ English: Thái Nguyên

[tʰaːj˧˦ ŋwiən˧˧]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

[tʰaːj˦˥ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 太原 (“Large Plain”). To indicate the midland topography of the province and around the city.


Thừa Thiên Huế

/θʊəθjɛnˈweɪ/

Borrowed from Vietnamese Thừa Thiên Huế.


Tiền Giang

→ English: Tiền Giang

[tiən˨˩ zaːŋ˧˧]

[tiəŋ˦˩ jaːŋ˧˧]

[tiəŋ˨˩ jaːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 前江 (“front river”). Piecewise doublet of sông Tiền.


Tuyên Quang

→ English: Tuyên Quang

[twiəŋ˧˧ kwaːŋ˧˧]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˧˧ waːŋ˧˧]


Vĩnh Long

→ English: Vĩnh Long

[vïŋ˦ˀ˥ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[vɨn˧˨ lɔŋ˧˧]

[vɨn˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[jɨn˨˩˦ lawŋ͡m˧˧]


Vĩnh Phúc

→ English: Vĩnh Phúc

[vïŋ˦ˀ˥ fʊwk͡p̚˧˦]

[vɨn˧˨ fʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥]

[vɨn˨˩˦ fʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

[jɨn˨˩˦ fʊwk͡p̚˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 永福. Doublet of Vĩnh Phước.


Yên Bái

→ English: Yên Bái

[ʔiən˧˧ ʔɓaːj˧˦]

[ʔiəŋ˧˧ ʔɓaːj˨˩˦]

[ʔiəŋ˧˧ ʔɓaːj˦˥]


Nha Trang

[ɲaː˧˧ t͡ɕaːŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˧˧ ʈaːŋ˧˧]

[ɲaː˧˧ ʈaːŋ˧˧]

Possibly from Eastern Cham ꨀꨳꨩꨓꨴꩃ (Aia-Trang, literally “Reed River”), the Cham name for the Cái River.


Quy Nhơn

[kwi˧˧ ɲəːn˧˧]

[kwɪj˧˧ ɲəːŋ˧˧]

[wɪj˧˧ ɲəːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 歸仁, literally, “to return to humanity/compassion/benevolence”, with the Central-Southern reading of the second character. An earlier name was 懷仁 /怀仁 (Hoài Nhơn), with a similar literal meaning.


Phan Rang

[faːn˧˧ ɹaːŋ˧˧]

[faːn˧˧ zaːŋ˧˧]

[faːŋ˧˧ ɹaːŋ˧˧]

[faːŋ˧˧ ɹaːŋ˧˧]

From Eastern Cham Pan(da)rang, from Old Cham Paṅrauṅ/Panrāṅ, from Sanskrit पाण्डुरङ्ग (pāṇḍuraṅga, another epithet for the Hindu god Vithoba).

cog

Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm
Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm#English

(colloquial) Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm (a city in Vietnam)


Gò Vấp

Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City#English

A district of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.


Gò Vấp

[ɣɔ˨˩ vəp̚˧˦]

[ɣɔ˦˩ vəp̚˦˧˥]

[ɣɔ˨˩ vəp̚˦˥]

[ɣɔ˨˩ jəp̚˦˥]

gò (“mound”) + vấp (“Mesua ferrea”), literally "Ceylon ironwood mound". There is an etymology that this place was formerly a hill of Ceylon ironwood. Currently, in HCMC, there are two Ceylon ironwood tree in the Saigon Zoo and Botanical Gardens.
According to a folk etymology, this area is a high mound, so it is easy to stumble, so gò (“mound”) + vấp (“to stumble”).

Gò Vấp (an urban district of Ho Chi Minh City)


沙壩

/saː⁵⁵ paː³³/

/saː⁵⁵ paː³³/

/sa²⁴⁻¹¹ pa⁵⁵/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³⁵ pa⁵³/

/sa²⁴⁻¹¹ pa⁵⁵/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³⁵ pa⁵³/

Sa Pa (a district of Lào Cai Province, Vietnam)

Sa Pa (the capital of Sa Pa district, Lào Cai Province, Vietnam)


Hô-Chi-Minh-Ville

Calque of Vietnamese Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.

cal

Hô Chi Minh-Ville (alternative)
Hô Chi Minh Ville (alternative)
Ho Chi Minh-Ville (alternative)
Ho Chi Minh Ville (alternative)
Ho-Chi-Minh-Ville (alternative)


Đất Mũi

[ʔɗət̚˧˦ muj˦ˀ˥]

[ʔɗək̚˦˧˥ muj˧˨]

[ʔɗək̚˦˥ muj˨˩˦]

From đất (“land”) + mũi (“cape”, as in mũi Cà Mau (“Cape Cà Mau”)).

com

as in <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">mũi Cà Mau</i> (“Cape Cà Mau”)

Đất Mũi (a commune of Cà Mau Province, Vietnam)


Vũng Tàu

A city in Vietnam; the former capital of the Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu Province.


Vũng Tàu

[vʊwŋ͡m˦ˀ˥ taw˨˩]

From vũng + tàu, literally "ship's puddle".


Rạch Giá

[zajk̟̚˧˨ʔ zaː˧˦]

[ʐat̚˨˩ʔ jaː˨˩˦]

[ɹat̚˨˩˨ jaː˦˥]

From rạch (“small irrigation canal”) + giá (“bean sprouts”).
According to another etymology, the city name possibly from Khmer ក្រមួនស (krâmuŏnsâ, “white wax”). But, this phonological change lacks conviction. Specifically, ក្រមួន (*kra) is easier to become *tra / *trác and ស (*sa) is easier to become *sa. In the Southern dialects, giá is pronounced with a voiced palatal consonant approximant /j/, so it is unlikely that the voiceless /s/ becomes voiced /z/. (compare Sóc Trăng, Trà Vinh, Sa Đéc, etc).


Tây Nguyên

[təj˧˧ ŋwiən˧˧]

[təj˧˧ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

[təj˧˧ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 西原, composed of 西 (“west”) and 原 (“field”), equivalent to a blend of tây (“west”) + cao nguyên (“highland”).

blend

Central Highlands (a region in Southwestern Central Vietnam)


U Minh

[ʔu˧˧ mïŋ˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

[ʔʊw˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 幽冥, composed of 幽 (“gloomy”) and 冥 (“darkness”).


សៃហ្គន

km-proper noun

សៃហ្គន • (saygɔɔn)

(historical or informal) Saigon (the former name of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam; the former capital of South Vietnam)

ព្រៃនគរ

prɨy nɔɔnɔkɔɔ


滀臻

/ɕy⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/ɕy⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/


橫山

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/huãi²⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻²² suã³³/

/huãi¹³⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴/

/huãi²³⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/xɤŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/huãi²⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻²² suã³³/

/huãi¹³⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/huãi²⁴⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴/

/huãi²³⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/


Hạ Long

[haː˧˨ʔ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[haː˨˩ʔ lawŋ͡m˧˧]

[haː˨˩ʔ lɔŋ˧˧]

[haː˨˩˨ lawŋ͡m˧˧]


下龍灣

ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄨㄢ

ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄨㄢ

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/haː²² lʊŋ²¹ waːn⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/haː²² lʊŋ²¹ waːn⁵⁵/

Hạ Long Bay (a bay of Quang Ninh, Vietnam)


海寧

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

(～省) (historical) Hải Ninh (a former province of Vietnam; now part of Quảng Ninh Province.)


Thường Nga

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ ŋaː˧˧]

[tʰɨəŋ˦˩ ŋaː˧˧]

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ ŋaː˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 嫦娥, from Chinese 嫦娥 (Cháng'é).

a commune of Can Lộc district, Hà Tĩnh, Vietnam


北越

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ uat̚²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ uat̚¹²¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ uat̚²⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ uat̚¹²¹/

(historical) North Vietnam (a former Communist country in Southeast Asia that governed northern Vietnam from 1945 to 1975)


Nam Bộ

[naːm˧˧ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[naːm˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[naːm˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Nam Bộ.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 南部, composed of 南 (“southern”) and 部 (“portion”).


Bắc Bộ

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北部, composed of 北 (“northern”) and 部 (“portion”).

vịnh Bắc Bộ


Trung Bộ

[t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 中部, composed of 中 (“central”) and 部 (“portion”).


Tây Nam Bộ

[təj˧˧ naːm˧˧ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[təj˧˧ naːm˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[təj˧˧ naːm˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 西 (“west”) and 南部 (“Southern Vietnam”).

(formal) Southwestern Vietnam; Mekong Delta (a region of Vietnam)


Bắc Trung Bộ

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北中部, composed of 北 (“north; northern”) and 中部 (“Central Vietnam”).

North Central Coast
w:North Central Coast

North Central Coast (a region of Vietnam)


Pulucambi

(historical) An ancient province of Vietnam near the modern city of Quy Nhơn.


Fansipan

A mountain in northwestern Vietnam with an elevation of 3,143 metres; the highest mountain in the Indochinese Peninsula.


Fansipan

[faːŋ˧˧ sɪj˧˧ paŋ˧˧]

[faːŋ˧˧ sɪj˧˧ paŋ˧˧]

Fansipan (the highest mountain in Vietnam and in the Indochinese peninsula)


Hà thành

[haː˨˩ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[haː˦˩ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

Blend of Hà Nội + thành phố; Sino-Vietnamese word from 河城, composed of 河 and 城.


丐𦨭

/kaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰi³⁵/

/kaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰi³⁵/

(～縣) Cái Bè (a district of Tiền Giang Province, Vietnam)


Phú Quý

[fʊw˨˩˦ kwɪj˨˩˦]

[fʊw˦˥ wɪj˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 富貴 (“wealthy and respectable”).

Phú Quý (an island district in Bình Thuận Province, Vietnam)


sông Hàn

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ haːn˨˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ haːŋ˦˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ haːŋ˦˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ haːŋ˨˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ haːŋ˨˩]

sông (“river”) + Cửa Hàn (“one of the old names of Đà Nẵng”). In the past, Hàn was written in chữ Hán as 瀚 (SV: hãn).
The eggcorn sense comes from confusion between Hán (漢, the character used for China/Han or the Han River in Korea) and Hàn (韓, the character used for the nation of (South) Korea).

com

the Hàn River (a river in Da Nang, Vietnam)


Hồng Bàng

Borrowed from Vietnamese Hồng Bàng (鴻龐).


Hồng Bàng

An Dương Vương
Early Lê dynasty
Early Lý dynasty
Hồ dynasty
Hồng Bàng dynasty
Later Trần dynasty
Lê dynasty
Lý dynasty
Mạc dynasty
Nguyễn dynasty
Ngô dynasty
Revival Lê dynasty
Triệu dynasty
Trần dynasty
Tây Sơn dynasty
Đinh dynasty

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩]

[həwŋ͡m˦˩ ʔɓaːŋ˦˩]

[həwŋ͡m˨˩ ʔɓaːŋ˨˩]

Hồng Bàng (an urban district of Haiphong, Vietnam)


Bắc Hà

[ʔɓak̚˧˦ haː˨˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ haː˦˩]

[ʔɓak̚˦˥ haː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 北河.
bắc (“north”) + hà (“river”).

Lào Cai Province
Lào Cai Province#English


ဟာနွိုင်း

ဟနွိုင်းမြို့


海安

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～郡) Hải An (an urban district of Haiphong, Vietnam)


Hà Tiên

A former province of Mekong Delta, Vietnam.


河僊

/xɤ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

(～群島) Hà Tiên Islands (an archipelago of Vietnam)

(～省) Hà Tiên Province (a former province of Vietnam)


ホーチミン市

ja-pos

^ホー ^チ ^ミン-し

ホーチミン市 (canonical)
Hō Chi Min-shi (romanization)

Calque of Vietnamese Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, equivalent to ホーチミン (Hō Chi Min, “Ho Chi Minh”) + 市 (-shi, “city”)


Hai Bà Trưng

[haːj˧˧ ʔɓaː˨˩ t͡ɕɨŋ˧˧]

[haːj˧˧ ʔɓaː˦˩ ʈɨŋ˧˧]

[haːj˧˧ ʔɓaː˨˩ ʈɨŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Hai Bà Trưng.wav

hai (“two”) + bà (“lady”) + Trưng, literally “The Two Ladies of the Trưng family”.

af

Hai Bà Trưng (a district of Hanoi, Vietnam)


Hoàn Kiếm

[hwaːŋ˦˩ kiəm˦˧˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 還劍, composed of 還 (“to return”) and 劍 (“sword”), from hồ Hoàn Kiếm.


Sơn Tây

A town in the municipality of Hanoi, Vietnam.

A district of Quảng Ngãi Province, Vietnam.


Sơn Tây

[səːn˧˧ təj˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ təj˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ təj˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ təj˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ təj˧˧]

Sơn Tây (a town in the municipality of Hanoi, Vietnam)

Sơn Tây (a district of Quảng Ngãi Province, Vietnam)


薄寮

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/


東川

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

Long Xuyên (a city, the provincial capital of An Giang Province, Vietnam)


藍山

/län³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/län³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Lam Sơn (a commune-level town in Thọ Xuân district, Thanh Hoá Province, Vietnam)


Phan Thiết

[faːn˧˧ tʰiət̚˧˦]

[faːŋ˧˧ tʰiək̚˦˧˥]

[faːŋ˧˧ tʰiək̚˦˥]

Phan + Thiết.
:"Phan": From Eastern Cham Pan(da)rang, from Old Cham Paṅrauṅ/Panrāṅ, from Sanskrit पाण्डुरङ्ग (pāṇḍuraṅga, another epithet for the Hindu god Vithoba). This element also appears in other place names such as: Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm, Phan River, Phan Rí Cửa, Phan Rí Thành, Phan Lâm, Phan Sơn, etc.
:"Thiết": From Eastern Cham ꨨꨟꨭꨩꨤꨪꨔꨪꩅ (Hamū-Lithit, “farming neighborhood”).
According to another etymology, this place name is derived from Eastern Cham Po Thit. Po Thit is the Prince of the Princess Po Sah Inư, the daughter of the King Para Chanh.

bor

Phan Thiết (the capital city of Bình Thuận Province, Vietnam)


Paris of the East

Usually a calque of French Paris de l'Orient, praising a location for its supposed resemblance to the glamor and nightlife of 19th-century Paris.

(dated) Former nickname for Hanoi: a major city in Vietnam.


Khe Sanh

English: Khe Sanh


Khe Sanh

English: Khe Sanh

French: Khe Sanh

[xɛ˧˧ sajŋ̟˧˧]

[kʰɛ˧˧ ʂɛɲ˧˧]

[xɛ˧˧ sɛɲ˧˧]

[kʰɛ˧˧ ʂan˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Khe Sanh.wav

Khe Sanh (a township in Hướng Hoá district, Quảng Trị Province, Vietnam)


Da Nang

From Vietnamese Đà Nẵng, from Eastern Cham Da Nak, from da nak (“opening of the river”). Named after the mouth of the Han River on the coast of the South China Sea, in Central Vietnam, formerly in Champa.

Danang (alternative)
Đà Nẵng (alternative)

She, Thanh and Minh were to leave tonight for Da Nang, where a boat would be waiting to take them to Hong Kong.

2023, Cecile Pin, Wandering Souls, 4th Estate, page 9:


Danang

Alternative form of Da Nang; A city in Central Vietnam, South Vietnam, Vietnam.


Dien Bien Phu

Borrowed from French Diên Biên Phu, from Vietnamese Điện Biên Phủ (literally “Dienbien Prefecture”), from 奠邊府 (Chinese 奠邊府 /奠边府 (Diànbiānfǔ)); from the province of Điện Biên (literally “stable frontier”) + phu. Of phu, from 府 (Chinese 府 (fǔ)). Of Điện Biên, from 奠邊 (Chinese 奠邊 /奠边 (Diànbiān)); from điện + biên; from 奠 (Chinese 奠) + 邊 (Chinese 邊 /边 (biān)).

Dienbien Phu (alternative)
Dienbienphu (alternative)
Điện Biên Phủ (alternative)

It was argued that during the rainy season the enemy would be roadbound, and the Dien Bien Phu position would therefore prove a real cork in the bottle. To remove it the Communists would attempt to reduce Dien Bien Phu, which would enable the French to induce the main Vietminh forces into a pitched battle on ground where the French could concentrate their supposedly superior forces.

1963, Dwight Eisenhower, Mandate for Change 1953-1956, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 339:

Westmoreland reported that the threat in northern I Corps was the most serious of the war. He also noted new intensity in enemy activity in other areas, especially in III Corps, where Saigon is located. He thought that the North Vietnamese saw a similarity between the allied base at Khe Sanh and the base at Dien Bien Phu, where the French had suffered a disastrous defeat in 1954.

1971, Lyndon Johnson, “The Making of a Decision: Vietnam 1967-1968”, in The Vantage Point, Holt, Reinhart & Winston, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 381:

Early in April there was a respite from the crisis; it seemed that the French troops might be able to hold on at Dien Bien Phu.

1978, Richard Nixon, RN: the Memoirs of Richard Nixon, Grosset & Dunlap, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 152:

Northern Vietnam
Northern Vietnam#English

A city in Dien Bien Phu prefecture, Dien Bien, Northern Vietnam, North Vietnam, Vietnam.

A prefecture of Dien Bien, Northern Vietnam, North Vietnam, Vietnam.


Dien Bien

From French Diên Biên, from Vietnamese Điện Biên, from 奠邊 (Chinese 奠邊 /奠边 (Diànbiān)), from 奠 (Chinese 奠) + 邊 (Chinese 邊 /边 (biān)) Literally, “stable frontier”.

A province of Northern Vietnam, North Vietnam, Vietnam.


白龍尾島

→ English: Bailongwei

ㄅㄞˊ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄨㄟˇ ㄉㄠˇ

ㄅㄞˊ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄨㄟˇ ㄉㄠˇ

Байлунвэй Дао

/paɪ̯³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚² lʊŋ²¹ mei̯¹³ tou̯³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚² lʊŋ²¹ mei̯¹³ tou̯³⁵/

Bạch Long Vĩ Island (an island of Hải Phòng, Vietnam, in the Gulf of Tonkin)


Black River

Specific data on the flow of the Red River near Hanoi was impossible to obtain but last month Le Monde, the Paris newspaper, published a dispatch predicting that the flow of the Black River, a main tributary, would reach 32,500 cubic meters a second at Sontay, about 25 miles northwest of Hanoi (a cubic meter is about 35 cubic feet).

1972 July 14, Seymour M. Hersh, “Dikes in Hanoi Area Represent 2,000‐Year Effort to Tame Rivers”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-02-24:

The Black River Watershed is a tributary system of the Red River. Like the Red River, the Black River has its source in China and flows out through Vietnam.

1996, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Thai Studies: Theme 2, Cultural crisis and the Thai capitalist transformation, →OCLC, page 131:

The Upper Red River veers northwards to China, but we take a sneaky left-hand turn down the Da River (Black River).

2017 July 1, Colin Hinshelwood, “Cruise Vietnam’s scenic and lush Red River”, in CNN, archived from the original on 2017-06-25:


東京灣

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵ waːn⁵⁵/

東京灣事件

东京湾事件

(dated in Mainland China, current in Taiwan) Gulf of Tonkin (a gulf in northern Vietnam)


Nam Trung Bộ

[naːm˧˧ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓo˧˨ʔ]

[naːm˧˧ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩ʔ]

[naːm˧˧ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɓow˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 南中部, composed of 南 (“south”) and 中部 (“Central Vietnam”).


Haiphong

Hai Phong (alternative)
Hải Phòng (alternative)

Most of the arms and supplies used by North Vietnam's armies entered the country through the port of Haiphong, with lesser amounts entering through the smaller ports of Cam Pha and Hong Gai.

1999, John McCain, Faith of My Fathers, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 263:


Haiphong

de-proper noun

Haiphong n (proper noun, genitive Haiphongs or (optionally with an article) Haiphong)

Haiphongs (genitive)
Haiphong (genitive with-article)


xứ Quảng

[sɨ˧˦ kwaːŋ˧˩]

[sɨ˨˩˦ kwaːŋ˧˨]

[sɨ˦˥ waːŋ˨˩˦]

Anh thợ đào đất xứ Quảng làm nhiều hơn nói này trước đây nguyên là quản lý tiểu đoàn.

1978, Chu Lai, chapter 9, in Nắng đồng bằng, NXB Quân đội Nhân dân:

This man-of-action digger from the Quảng Nam–Quảng Ngãi region previously managed a battalion.

The geographic region in Vietnam comprised of Đà Nẵng city, Quảng Nam Province, and Quảng Ngãi Province


ເວ້

From Vietnamese Huế. Cognate with Thai เว้ (wée).


sông Hương

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˧]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ hɨəŋ˧˧]

the Perfume River (a river in Hue, Thừa Thiên Huế, Vietnam)


乂靜

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

(～省) Nghệ Tĩnh Province (a province of Vietnam)


九真

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ t͡sɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ t͡sɐn⁵⁵/

Ferlus (2012b) and Pain (2020) propose that 九真 (OC kuˀ-cin) transcribed *k.cin, a local autonym which is reflected in Puoc [Term?] (ksiːŋ muːl) & Thavung [script needed] (ktiːŋ²) meaning "human being, people", the latter from Proto-Vietic *kciːŋ, which consists of prefix *k- and *ciɲ (“leg, foot”); thus, "human beings" are "(those who are) on foot, those who stand on their feet."
Pain further suggests that "Cửu Chân might therefore have been inhabited by some ancestors of the Southern Vietic Thavung - Aheu."

(～郡) Jiuzhen (an ancient commandery of China; located in modern-day Vietnam)


法屬印度支那

ㄈㄚˇ ㄕㄨˇ ㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄨˋ ㄓ ㄋㄚˋ

ㄈㄚˇ ㄕㄨˇ ㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄨˋ ㄓ ㄋㄚˋ

Фашу Иньдучжина

/fä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ in⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

French Indochina
French Indochina#English:_Q646374

French Indochina (a group of former French colonies, later a confederation of associated states, existing in Indochina in Southeast Asia from 1887 to 1954 and consisting of the current territories of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia)


sông Đà

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˦˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˦˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩]

the Black River (a river in Vietnam, China)


還劍湖

ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄨˊ

ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄨˊ

Хуаньцзяньху

/xu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/xu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ xu³⁵/

Hoàn Kiếm Lake (a lake in Hanoi, Vietnam)


永安

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/iŋ³³⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/iŋ³³⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/


Hợp Thành

[həːp̚˧˨ʔ tʰajŋ̟˨˩]

[həːp̚˨˩ʔ tʰɛɲ˦˩]

[həːp̚˨˩˨ tʰan˨˩]

a commune of Phú Lương district, Thái Nguyên Province, Vietnam


Hoang Sa

/ˌhwɑŋ ˈsɑː/

/ˌhwæŋ ˈsɑː/

Encyclopædia Britannica
Hoàng Sa District

The Council of Ministers also issued decision 194/HDBT to found, on 19th December, Hoang Sa district , which includes the whole of the Hoang Sa archipelago, and put it under the jurisdiction of Quang Nam-Da Nang Province. Up to that time, the Hoang Sa archipelago had been part of Hoa Vang district, Quang Nam-Da Nang Province.

1988, Summary of World Broadcasts: The Far East. Part III, Monitoring Service of the British Broadcasting Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page A-32:

Da Nang authorities will announce the names of chairmen of eight districts, including the Hoang Sa (Paracel) Island district, on April 25.
The Director of the Da Nang Department of Home Affairs, Dang Cong Ngu, who is also the chief representative of the People’s Committee of Hoang Sa district, said that the direct appointment of district chairmen in Da Nang city is being implemented under the pilot programme of closing down district-level People’s Councils in ten provinces and cities of Vietnam.
According to the Da Nang People’s Council, Dang Cong Ngu will be appointed chairman of Hoang Sa Island district.
On April 20, the Da Nang Department of Home Affairs met with some former officials who worked and lived on Hoang Sa Island, including Mr. Ngo Tan Phat, Mr. Vo Nhu Dan, Mr. Nguyen Nhu and Mr. Nguyen Van Cuc.
The department asked them to relate memories from their time working on Hoang Sa and to sell or present historical documents and objects related to Hoang Sa.

2009 April 22, “Hoang Sa Island district to have new chairman”, in Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, archived from the original on 2012-12-24:

Any unilateral action may trigger negative repercussions in the region. For example, in April 2009, Vietnam appointed an official to be the chairman of Hoang Sa District (Paracel Islands), which compelled China to denounce it as illegal and to reaffirm its sovereignty over the Paracels.

2010, Zhiqun Zhu, “China and Southeast Asia”, in China's New Diplomacy: Rationale, Strategies, and Significance, Ashgate Publishing, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 189:

Le Phu Nguyen, a spokesman of the Hoang Sa District government, said on Sunday work on the US$89,000 museum will begin on April 30, the same day an annual international fireworks competition will kick off in Da Nang.

2015 January 13, Nguyen Tu, “Vietnam to start work on Paracel museum in April”, in Thanh Niên News, archived from the original on 2015-01-23:


Truong Sa

Encyclopædia Britannica
Trường Sa District

Borrowed from Vietnamese Trường Sa (長沙).

To assert its control, Vietnam has since established Spratly Island as a township in Truòng Sa district, organized local elections and tours in the Spratlys, and has continued to award oil exploration contracts.

[2013 December, Clarence J. Bouchat, Dangerous Ground: the Spratly Islands and U.S. Interests and Approaches, U.S. Army War College, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 33:

A fund will be raised for the construction of a great solidarity house of Vietnam’s ethnic groups in the Truong Sa island district, south central Khanh Hoa province, according to the Vietnam Fatherland Front (VFF) Central Committee.

2018 March 21, “Fund raised to build great solidarity house in Truong Sa”, in VietnamPlus, archived from the original on 2021-05-05:

A district of Khánh Hoà Province, Vietnam.


西貢河

/ɕi⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/


Vietnamul de Sud

South Vietnam
South Vietnam#English:_Q180573

(historical) South Vietnam (a former country in Southeast Asia that governed southern Vietnam from 1955 to 1975)


Hồng Kông bên hông Chợ Lớn

Literally, “Hong Kong next to the big market (Chợ Lớn)”, referring to the area around Bình Tây Market, which is the Chinatown of Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon), and possibly referencing that the Hoa (Vietnamese Chinese) population consists primarily of Cantonese people.

lit

Ngân Hàng Đông Á có Mộng Trinh là nhân viên là một ngân hàng Ba Tầu^([sic – meaning Ba Tàu]), Tổng Giám Đốc Ngân Hàng là một anh Ba Tầu Hồng Kông bên hông Chợ Lớn.

2000, Hoàng Hải Thủy, Dữ Hơn Rắn Độc, page 72:

Nói điểm tâm kiểu Hồng Kông bên hông… Chợ Lớn, hồi trước chỉ là nói chơi.

2016 October 29, Văn Lang, “Điểm tâm kiểu ‘Hồng Kông bên hông Chợ Lớn’ ở Sài Gòn”, in Người Việt:

Bây giờ Sài Gòn có "Hong Kong bên hông chợ lớn" thì Hà Nội cũng có "Hong Kong bên hông chợ Gạo" rồi nhé!

2019 December 3, “Xuất hiện hẻm bia "Hong Kong bên hông chợ Gạo" mới toanh ở Hà Nội, giới trẻ đã bắt đầu check in ầm ầm”, in Kenh14.vn:

Saigon already has a "Hong Kong next to the big market", now Hanoi also has a "Hong Kong next to the rice market"!

(informal) nickname for Cholon: an area of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, known as the Chinatown of Ho Chi Minh City as its population is largely of Chinese ethnicity; despite the literal meaning, referring to the entire area and not just the market


姑蘇島

/ku⁵⁵ su⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku⁵⁵ su⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Cô Tô (an island of Quảng Ninh Province, Vietnam)


吉婆島

/t͡ɕi³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


珠洋

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

(～市) Vĩnh Châu (a county-level town in Sóc Trăng Province, Vietnam)

永州

used in speech by the local Chinese community


朱洋

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

(～市) alternative form of 珠洋 (Zhūyáng, “Vĩnh Châu (a county-level town in Sóc Trăng Province, Vietnam)”)


那條

/nä⁵¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/nä⁵¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

(～坊) Lái Thiêu (a ward of Thuận An, Bình Dương Province, Vietnam)


Vĩnh Lộc A

A commune of Hồng Dân district, Bạc Liêu Province, Vietnam.


Đông Sơn

→ English: Dongsonian

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ səːn˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ səːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ səːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 東山 (“eastern mountain”).

vi-etym-sino

A small village on the banks of the Mã river in Hàm Rồng ward, Thanh Hoá city, Thanh Hoá Province province, Vietnam.


Thu Bồn

[tʰu˧˧ ʔɓon˨˩]

[tʰʊw˧˧ ʔɓoŋ˦˩]

[tʰʊw˧˧ ʔɓoŋ˨˩]

lưu vực Thu Bồn

(sông ～) a river in Quảng Nam Province, Vietnam


Gia Hưng

[zaː˧˧ hɨŋ˧˧]

[jaː˧˧ hɨŋ˧˧]

[jaː˧˧ hɨŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Gia Hưng.wav

a commune of Gia Viễn district, Ninh Bình Province, Vietnam


Ngọc Linh

From a Bahnaric language. The first syllable originated from the word "mountain" (cf. Halang ngŏk, Sedang ngo).
The current pronunciation is due to Sino-Vietnamization, compare Vọng Các (“Bangkok”), Nam Vang (“Phnom Penh”).

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ lïŋ˧˧]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ lɨn˧˧]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ lɨn˧˧]

a mountain in Quảng Nam Province and Kon Tum Province, Vietnam

a commune of Đăk Glei district, Kon Tum Province, Vietnam


Ngọc Linh

[ŋawk͡p̚˧˨ʔ lïŋ˧˧]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩ʔ lɨn˧˧]

[ŋawk͡p̚˨˩˨ lɨn˧˧]

a commune of Vị Xuyên district, Hà Giang Province, Vietnam


Hà Trung

[haː˨˩ t͡ɕʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[haː˦˩ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

[haː˨˩ ʈʊwŋ͡m˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Hà Trung.wav

a commune-level town and administrative center of Hà Trung district, Thanh Hoá Province, Vietnam

a district of Thanh Hoá Province, Vietnam


Hải Châu

[haːj˧˩ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[haːj˧˨ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[haːj˨˩˦ cəw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 海洲, composed of 海 and 洲.


Sơn Trà

[səːn˧˧ t͡ɕaː˨˩]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ ʈaː˦˩]

[səːŋ˧˧ ʈaː˦˩]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ ʈaː˨˩]

[səːŋ˧˧ ʈaː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 山茶, composed of 山 and 茶. Some ancient sources give the name as 茶山 (Trà Sơn). Ultimate origin of the element trà is disputed. The name could be a mispronunciation of Sơn Chà (or Sơn Chà could be a mispronunciation of Sơn Trà). Various theories exist for the origin of the element trà/chà. Many toponyms in the region contain trà, and this could be of Cham origin.

(quận ～) an urban district of Da Nang, Vietnam

(núi ～) Monkey Mountain (a mountain in the peninsula of Sơn Trà, Sơn Trà district, Da Nang, Vietnam)

(bán đảo ～) a peninsula in Da Nang, Vietnam


Ngũ Hành Sơn

[ŋu˦ˀ˥ hajŋ̟˨˩ səːn˧˧]

[ŋʊw˧˨ hɛɲ˦˩ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ŋʊw˧˨ hɛɲ˦˩ səːŋ˧˧]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ han˨˩ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ŋʊw˨˩˦ han˨˩ səːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 五行山, composed of 五行 (“five elements, wuxing”) and 山.

Marble Mountains
Marble Mountains#English

Marble Mountains (a cluster of five mountains in Ngũ Hành Sơn district, Da Nang, Vietnam)


An Ngãi

[ʔaːn˧˧ ŋaːj˦ˀ˥]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ŋaːj˧˨]

[ʔaːŋ˧˧ ŋaːj˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 安義, composed of 安 and 義, with the Central-Southern reading of both characters. Doublet of Yên Nghĩa.

An Ngãi (a commune of Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu, Vietnam)


Yên Nghĩa

[ʔiən˧˧ ŋiə˦ˀ˥]

[ʔiəŋ˧˧ ŋiə˧˨]

[ʔiəŋ˧˧ ŋiə˨˩˦]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Yên Nghĩa.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 安義, composed of 安 and 義, with the Northern reading of both characters. Doublet of An Ngãi.

Yên Nghĩa (a commune of Nam Định Province, Vietnam)


Ba Đình

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ʔɗïŋ˨˩]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ʔɗɨn˦˩]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ ʔɗɨn˨˩]

ba (“three”) + đình (“village communal temple”), literally "three communal temples".
This name comes from the Ba Đình Uprising (1886-1887) of three villages: Mậu Thịnh, Thượng Thọ and Mỹ Khê (now in Nga Sơn District, Thanh Hoá Province).


Cầu Giấy

[kəw˨˩ zəj˧˦]

[kəw˦˩ jəj˨˩˦]

[kəw˨˩ jəj˦˥]

cầu (“bridge”) + giấy (“paper”), literally "paper bridge". This name is derived from Giấy Bridge - a small bridge spanning the Tô Lịch River at Cầu Giấy Street, Cầu Giấy District. During the Nguyễn Dynasty, the bridge was located in Thượng Yên Quyết Village, which has been a traditional paper-making village since the 13th century.


Đống Đa

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˦ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˧˥ ʔɗaː˧˧]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˦˥ ʔɗaː˧˧]

đống (“pile”) + đa (“banyan”), literally “Piles of Banyan”
According to folk etymology, after the defeat of the Qing army (1788-1789), Emperor Quang Trung ordered his soldiers to collect enemy's corpses into 12 wide pits for burial. But due to too many enemy corpses, high mounds were formed. Later on these mounds were overgrown with banyan trees.


Ba Vì

head

Ba Vì • (𠀧𡸏, 󰬾位)

vi-proper noun

Ba Vì • (𠀧𡸏, 󰬾位)

[ʔɓaː˧˧ vi˨˩]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ vɪj˦˩]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ vɪj˨˩]

[ʔɓaː˧˧ jɪj˨˩]

ba (“three”) + vì (“place, seat, throne”), the later element is now mostly used as a classifier. The name refers collectively to the three largest peaks of the mountain range: Vua Mountain, Tản Mountain and Ngọc Hoa Mountain.
This is the tên Nôm. The tên chữ is Tản Viên (傘圓).


Cần Giờ

[kən˨˩ zəː˨˩]

[kəŋ˦˩ jəː˦˩]

[kəŋ˨˩ jəː˨˩]

From Khmer កញ្ជើ (kɑɑkɑñcəə, “basket”), as the local people often used "basket boats" to commute.
According to a folk etymology, when Nguyễn Ánh ran to the land of Cần Giờ to avoid the Tây Sơn army. He used big vases of water to make clocks, inside these vases contained water and hung a rod with ink engraved on it, so cần (“rod”) + giờ (“hour”).
According to another folk etymology, when the merchant ships went to Saigon, to this land, they had to wait a while for the tide to rise, so cần (“to need”) + giờ (“time”).

Cần Giờ (a district of Ho Chi Minh City)


Củ Chi

[ku˧˩ t͡ɕi˧˧]

[kʊw˧˨ t͡ɕɪj˧˧]

[kʊw˨˩˦ cɪj˧˧]

củ (“root”) + chi, literally "Strychnine tree (Strychnos nux-vomica)" - plants that grow abundantly in that area.


Hóc Môn

From Vietnamese Hốc Môn, hốc (“creephole”) + môn (“taro”), literally "taro creephole" to refer to the wilderness of this area in the early 19th century.
hóc is a regional development from hốc through the vowel shift (-ok > -ɔk) when a vowel is preceded by a velar consonant (characteristic of Southern Vietnamese). Compare đọc and độc (“讀”).

Hóc Môn (a district of Ho Chi Minh City)


Nhà Bè

[ɲaː˨˩ ʔɓɛ˨˩]

[ɲaː˦˩ ʔɓɛ˦˩]

[ɲaː˨˩ ʔɓɛ˨˩]

From Vietnamese nhà bè (“hut built atop a wooden raft”). In the past, many people from Đàng Ngoài went down the boat to the Soài Rạp River, meet the reverse current, so they built rafts on the river, serving as a place for cooking and living for the whole fleet. Nowadays, "nhà bè" are only seen in the Mekong Delta but are no longer seen in HCMC.


Tuy Hoà

[t⁽ʷ⁾ɪj˧˧ waː˨˩]

a city, the capital of Phú Yên Province, Vietnam


núi Nhạn

[nuj˧˦ ɲaːn˧˨ʔ]

[nuj˨˩˦ ɲaːŋ˨˩ʔ]

[nuj˦˥ ɲaːŋ˨˩˨]

a mountain in Tuy Hoà city, Phú Yên Province, Vietnam


Bạch Đằng

[ʔɓajk̟̚˧˨ʔ ʔɗaŋ˨˩]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩ʔ ʔɗaŋ˦˩]

[ʔɓat̚˨˩˨ ʔɗaŋ˨˩]

(sông ～) a river in Quảng Ninh Province and Hải Phòng provinces, Vietnam


sông Cái

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˧˦]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˨˩˦]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˨˩˦]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˦˥]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˦˥]

sông (“river”) + cái (“mother”), literally "mother river", or, sông (“river”) + cái (“great, main”), means "Great River"; both interpretations might be correct, because both meanings are from the same etymology. This word was transliterated by the French as Song-Koï and Song-Coï.
This was the original name of the Red River, but later used to refer to many other rivers of Vietnam. May be related to other Vietnamese river names such as Cái Lớn, Cái Bé, Cái Mép, Cái Vùng, Cái Tàu and Cái Cối.
For some semantic parallels, compare Coptic ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ (peiero), ⲫ̀ⲓⲁⲣⲟ (ph̀iaro, “the Nile”), Spanish Río Grande, Korean 한강(漢江) (han'gang, “Han river”) (where 漢 is a phonogram used to write the native Korean morpheme for "big", see Middle Korean 하다〮 (hàtá)).

(historical) Red River (a river in northern Vietnam and Yunnan, southern China)

a river in Quảng Nam Province, Vietnam; main tributary of the Vu Gia River.

Portion of the Vĩnh Điện River inside Da Nang, Vietnam.

a river in Ninh Hoà, Khánh Hoà Province, Vietnam

Cái River (a river in Nha Trang, Khánh Hoà Province, Vietnam)


義安

/jiː²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/jiː²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～省) alternative form of 乂安 (yì'ān); Nghệ An (a province of Vietnam)


Điện Biên Phủ

Dien Bien Phu (alternative)
Dienbienphu (alternative)

The provincial capital of Điện Biên Province, Vietnam.

奠邊府 /奠边府

provincial capital of Điện Biên, Vietnam


Điện Biên Phủ

[ʔɗiən˧˨ʔ ʔɓiən˧˧ fu˧˩]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩ʔ ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ fʊw˧˨]

[ʔɗiəŋ˨˩˨ ʔɓiəŋ˧˧ fʊw˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 奠邊府, composed of 奠邊 (“Điện Biên”) and 府 (“prefecture”).

vi-etym-sino

Điện Biên Phủ (the provincial capital of Điện Biên Province, Vietnam)


Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm

[faːn˧˧ zaːŋ˧˧ tʰaːp̚˧˦ t͡ɕaːm˨˩]

[faːŋ˧˧ ʐaːŋ˧˧ tʰaːp̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕaːm˦˩]

[faːŋ˧˧ ɹaːŋ˧˧ tʰaːp̚˦˥ caːm˨˩]

Phan Rang + Tháp Chàm.
:"Phan Rang": From Eastern Cham Pan(da)rang, from Old Cham Paṅrauṅ/Panrāṅ, from Sanskrit पाण्डुरङ्ग (pāṇḍuraṅga, another epithet for the Hindu god Vithoba).
:"Tháp Chàm": tháp + Chàm, literally "Cham Tower", named after the Po Klong Garai Temple in the northern part of the city.

cog

(formal) Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm (the provincial capital of Ninh Thuận Province, Vietnam)

Old Cham
Vithoba
vi:Phan Rang - Tháp Chàm