Fertile Crescent

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Fertile Crescent.wav

Coined by University of Chicago archaeologist James Henry Breasted.

coin

This great semicircle, for lack of a name, may be called the fertile crescent.

1914, James Harvey Robinson, James Henry Breasted, Charles Austin Beard, Outlines of European History: Earliest man, the Orient, Greece, and Rome:

The Fertile Crescent has always been in close touch with the other parts of the Middle East: Turkey, Iran, the Arabian peninsula, and Egypt.

1988, Charles Issawi, The Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914: A Documentary Economic History, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 3:

(historical) A crescent-shaped geographic region of fertile land in the Middle East in Western Asia, stretching from present-day Iraq through eastern Turkey to Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and Palestine.


Mesopotamia

From the Classical Latin Mesopotamia, from the Koine Greek Μεσοποταμία (Mesopotamía), a feminine substantive form of the adjective Μεσοποτάμιος (Mesopotámios, “between rivers”), from the Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos, “between”) + ποτᾰμός (potămós, “river”) + -ιος (-ios), so called because Mesopotamia is located between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. Also used as a translation of the Biblical Hebrew נַהֲרַיִם (naharáyim), the dual form of נָהָר (nahár, “river”).

It was purchased by the Isle of Wight Railway in 1882, and continued to work between Brading and Bembridge until 1917, when it was taken over by the War Department, and sent overseas for war service in Mesopotamia, whence it never returned. It survived until at least 1921, when it was observed on the quayside at Basra.

1948 July and August, K. Westcott Jones, “The Isle of Wight Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 217:

(historical) A geographic region in southwest Asia, spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, located in modern Iraq, eastern Syria, and southeast Turkey; the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man.


Mesopotamia

Borrowed from Latin Mesopotamia, from Ancient Greek Μεσοποταμίᾱ (Mesopotamíā).

(historical) Mesopotamia (a geographic region in southwest Asia, spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, located in modern Iraq, eastern Syria, and southeast Turkey; the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man)


Mesopotamia

la-proper noun

Mesopotamia f sg (genitive Mesopotamiae); first declension

Mesopotamiae (genitive)
Mesopotamia (nominative singular)
Mesopotamiae (genitive singular)
Mesopotamiae (dative singular)
Mesopotamiam (accusative singular)
Mesopotamiā (ablative singular)
Mesopotamia (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek Μεσοποταμία (Mesopotamía, “land between the rivers”).


Mezopotámia

Mezopotámia (nominative singular)
Mezopotámiák (nominative plural)
Mezopotámiát (accusative singular)
Mezopotámiákat (accusative plural)
Mezopotámiának (dative singular)
Mezopotámiáknak (dative plural)
Mezopotámiával (instrumental singular)
Mezopotámiákkal (instrumental plural)
Mezopotámiáért (causal-final singular)
Mezopotámiákért (causal-final plural)
Mezopotámiává (singular translative)
Mezopotámiákká (plural translative)
Mezopotámiáig (singular terminative)
Mezopotámiákig (plural terminative)
Mezopotámiaként (essive-formal singular)
Mezopotámiákként (essive-formal plural)
Mezopotámiában (inessive singular)
Mezopotámiákban (inessive plural)
Mezopotámián (singular superessive)
Mezopotámiákon (plural superessive)
Mezopotámiánál (adessive singular)
Mezopotámiáknál (adessive plural)
Mezopotámiába (illative singular)
Mezopotámiákba (illative plural)
Mezopotámiára (singular sublative)
Mezopotámiákra (plural sublative)
Mezopotámiához (allative singular)
Mezopotámiákhoz (allative plural)
Mezopotámiából (elative singular)
Mezopotámiákból (elative plural)
Mezopotámiáról (delative singular)
Mezopotámiákról (delative plural)
Mezopotámiától (ablative singular)
Mezopotámiáktól (ablative plural)
Mezopotámiáé (singular)
Mezopotámiáké (plural)
Mezopotámiáéi (singular)
Mezopotámiákéi (plural)
Mezopotámiám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Mezopotámiáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
Mezopotámiád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Mezopotámiáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
Mezopotámiája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Mezopotámiái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
Mezopotámiánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Mezopotámiáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
Mezopotámiátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Mezopotámiáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
Mezopotámiájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Mezopotámiáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


Mezopotámia

sk-proper noun

Mezopotámia f (genitive singular Mezopotámie, declension pattern of ulica)

Mezopotámie (genitive singular)
ulica (declension-pattern-of)
Mezopotámia (nominative singular-only)
Mezopotámie (genitive singular-only)
Mezopotámii (dative singular-only)
Mezopotámiu (accusative singular-only)
Mezopotámii (locative singular-only)
Mezopotámiou (instrumental singular-only)


Kurdistan

Kurdistan
Kurdistan Province
Kurdistan Region
Kurds in Turkey#Central Anatolia
Kurds of Khorasan

Either from Northern Kurdish Kurdistan or from Classical Persian کُرْدِسْتَان (kurdistān), equivalent to Kurd + -i- + -stan.

cog

کُرْدِسْتَان

A cultural region in Western Asia inhabited mostly by the Kurds, encompassing parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria.

Kurdistan

a region in the Middle East inhabited mostly by the Kurds


Kurdistan

de-proper noun

Kurdistan n (proper noun, genitive Kurdistans or (optionally with an article) Kurdistan)

Kurdistans (genitive)
Kurdistan (genitive with-article)

Kurdistan (a cultural region in Western Asia inhabited mostly by the Kurds, encompassing parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria)


Kurdistan

K’urdistan (canonical feminine)
کوردستان (Arabic)
Kurdistan (nominative singular)
Kurdistana (construct singular)
Kurdistanê (oblique singular)
wê Kurdistanê (singular)
Kurdistanê (singular vocative)
Kurdistanek (nominative singular)
Kurdistaneke (construct singular)
Kurdistanekê (oblique singular)

/kʰʊɾdɪˈstɑːn/


Kurdistan

sh-proper noun

Kȕrdistan m (Cyrillic spelling Ку̏рдистан)

Kȕrdistan (canonical masculine)
Ку̏рдистан (Cyrillic)
Kurdistan (nominative singular)
Kurdistana (genitive singular)
Kurdistanu (dative singular)
Kurdistan (accusative singular)
Kurdistane (singular vocative)
Kurdistanu (locative singular)
Kurdistanom (instrumental singular)


Kürdistan

From Ottoman Turkish كوردستان (Kürdistan).


Damascus

From Latin Dāmascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from a Semitic form akin to Hebrew דַּמֶּשֶׂק. Doublet of Dimashq.
The etymology of the ancient name Damascus is uncertain. It is attested as Imerišú (𒀲𒋙) in Akkadian, T-m-ś-q (𓍘𓄟𓊃𓈎𓅱) in Egyptian, Dammaśq (𐡃𐡌𐡔𐡒) in Old Aramaic and Dammeśeq (דַּמֶּשֶׂק) in Biblical Hebrew. A number of Akkadian spellings are found in the Amarna letters, from the 14th century BC: Dimasqa (𒁲𒈦𒋡), Dimàsqì (𒁲𒈦𒀸𒄀), and Dimàsqa (𒁲𒈦𒀸𒋡).

cog

Hebrew דַּמֶּשֶׂק

The capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE.


Damascus

From Middle Dutch damascus, from Latin Damascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from a Semitic language.

Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)


Damascus

la-proper noun

Dāmascus f sg (genitive Dāmascī); second declension

Dāmascus (canonical feminine singular)
Dāmascī (genitive)
Dāmascus (nominative singular)
Dāmascī (genitive singular)
Dāmascō (dative singular)
Dāmascum (accusative singular)
Dāmascō (ablative singular)
Dāmasce (singular vocative)
Dāmascī (locative singular)

From Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from a Semitic source.


Damask

Dàmask (canonical masculine)
Да̀маск (Cyrillic)
Damask (nominative singular)
Damaska (genitive singular)
Damasku (dative singular)
Damask (accusative singular)
Damasče (singular vocative)
Damasku (locative singular)
Damaskom (instrumental singular)


Damask

sk-proper noun

Damask m inan (genitive singular Damasku, declension pattern of dub)

Damasku (genitive singular)
dub (declension-pattern-of)
Damask (nominative singular-only)
Damasku (genitive singular-only)
Damasku (dative singular-only)
Damask (accusative singular-only)
Damasku (locative singular-only)
Damaskom (instrumental singular-only)

Borrowed from Latin Damascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from Aramaic דרמשק (darmeśeq, “well-watered place”).


Damask

Damȃsk (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
Damásk (nominative singular)
Damáska (genitive singular)
Damásku (dative singular)
Damásk (accusative singular)
Damásku (locative singular)
Damáskom (instrumental singular)


Humus

From North Levantine Arabic حمص (Ḥumṣ). Compare Ottoman Turkish حمص (Hıms).


Тигр

Tigris (a river in Iraq, Syria and Turkey in Mesopotamia)

Kazakh alphabets#Arabic script
Kazakh alphabets#Cyrillic script
Kazakh alphabets#Latin script


Тигр

Tigr (romanization)
Ти́гра (genitive)
Ти́гр (nominative singular)
Ти́гра (genitive singular)
Ти́гру (dative singular)
Ти́гр (accusative singular)
Ти́гром (instrumental singular)
Ти́гре (prepositional singular)

ru:Тигр (значения)


Phoenicia

la-proper noun

Phoenīcia f sg (genitive Phoenīciae); first declension

Phoenīcia (canonical feminine singular)
Phoenīciae (genitive)
Phoenīcia (nominative singular)
Phoenīciae (genitive singular)
Phoenīciae (dative singular)
Phoenīciam (accusative singular)
Phoenīciā (ablative singular)
Phoenīcia (singular vocative)
Phoenīciae (locative singular)
Phoenīcē (alternative)
Phœnīcē (alternative)
Phœnīcia (alternative)

English: Phoenicia

From Ancient Greek Φοινίκη (Phoiníkē), from Φοῖνιξ (Phoînix, “Phoenician”), from Egyptian fnḫw (“Phoenicians”), f:n:x-w-V12:Z2

Phoenicia (an ancient region in coastal Western Asia, in modern Syria and Lebanon)


Δαμασκός

grc-proper noun

Δαμασκός • (Damaskós) f (genitive Δαμασκοῦ); second declension

Damaskós (romanization)
Δαμασκοῦ (genitive)
ἡ Δαμασκός (nominative singular)
τῆς Δαμασκοῦ (genitive singular)
τῇ Δαμασκῷ (dative singular)
τὴν Δαμασκόν (accusative singular)
Δαμασκέ (singular vocative)

Armenian: Դամասկոս (Damaskos)

English: Damascus

French: Damas

Greek: Δαμασκός (Damaskós)

Latin: Damascus

Polish: Damaszek

Of Northwest Semitic origin. See Hebrew דַּמֶּשֶׂק (dammeśeq).

a city in modern Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE


Δαμασκός

head

Δαμασκός • (Damaskós) f

el-noun-proper

Δαμασκός • (Damaskós) f

Damaskós (romanization)
Δαμασκός (nominative singular)
Δαμασκού (genitive singular)
Δαμασκό (accusative singular)
Δαμασκέ (singular vocative)
Δαμασκό (singular vocative)


Λαοδίκεια

grc-proper noun

Λᾱοδῐ́κειᾰ • (Lāodĭ́keiă) f (genitive Λᾱοδῐκείᾱς); first declension

Λᾱοδῐ́κειᾰ (canonical)
Lāodĭ́keiă (romanization)
Λᾱοδῐκείᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Λᾱοδῐ́κειᾰ (nominative singular)
τῆς Λᾱοδῐκείᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Λᾱοδῐκείᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Λᾱοδῐ́κειᾰν (accusative singular)
Λᾱοδῐ́κειᾰ (singular vocative)

desc

اللَّاذِقِيَّة

→ Arabic: اللَّاذِقِيَّة (al-lāḏiqiyya)

→ Latin: Laodicea
French: Laodicée

Laodicea, the name of numerous Hellenistic cities, generally named after one of many women by the name of Λαοδίκη (Laodíkē) (Laodice).


Μεσοποταμία

grc-proper noun

Μεσοποταμίᾱς

Μεσοποταμίᾱ • (Mesopotamíā) f (genitive Μεσοποταμίᾱς); first declension

Μεσοποταμίᾱ (canonical)
Mesopotamíā (romanization)
Μεσοποταμίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Μεσοποτᾰμίᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Μεσοποτᾰμίᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Μεσοποτᾰμίᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Μεσοποτᾰμίᾱν (accusative singular)
Μεσοποτᾰμίᾱ (singular vocative)

→ Latin: Mesopotamia

→ Catalan: Mesopotàmia

→ English: Mesopotamia

The feminine substantive form of the adjective μεσοποτάμιος (mesopotámios) from μέσος (mésos, “middle, between”) and ποταμός (potamós, “river”), compare with the Hebrew אֲרַם נַהֲרַיִם.

noncog

אֲרַם נַהֲרַיִם

Hebrew אֲרַם נַהֲרַיִם


דמשק

he-proper noun

דַּמֶּשֶׂק • (daméseq) f

דַּמֶּשֶׂק (canonical)
daméseq (romanization)

Compare Aramaic דַּרְמֶשֶׂק (darmeśeq), Classical Syriac ܕܿܲܪܡܣܘܼܩ (darmsūq).


אשור

head

אֲשׁוּר • (ˀăšūr)

אֲשׁוּר (canonical)
ˀăšūr (romanization)

(historical) Assyria (an ancient Semitic Akkadian kingdom and at times an empire, extant from the mid-23rd century BCE to 608 BCE and centred on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq, but at its maximum extent including parts of modern Iran, Syria, Israel, Palestine and Egypt))


אשור

he-proper noun

אַשּׁוּר • (ashúr, ʾaššûr) m

אַשּׁוּר (canonical)
ashúr (romanization)
ʾaššûr (romanization)

The sense Assyria ultimately from Akkadian 𒀸𒋩𒆠 (Aššūr, “Assur”), its original capital.


Babylonia

/ˌbæbɪˈləʊnɪə/

Borrowed from Latin Babylonia, from Ancient Greek Βαβυλωνία (Babulōnía), from Βαβυλων (Babulōn, “Babylon”) + -ία (-ía, forming place names for areas).

(historical) An ancient empire and geographic region of Mesopotamia, existing from 1850 BCE to 539 BCE, based around the city of Babylon; at its maximum extent, covering parts of modern-day Iraq, Kuwait, Syria and Iran.

Babilonia

ancient region and empire of southern Mesopotamia


Babylonia

la-proper noun

Babylōnia f sg (genitive Babylōniae); first declension

Babylōnia (canonical feminine singular)
Babylōniae (genitive)
Babylōnia (nominative singular)
Babylōniae (genitive singular)
Babylōniae (dative singular)
Babylōniam (accusative singular)
Babylōniā (ablative singular)
Babylōnia (singular vocative)
Babylōniae (locative singular)

Catalan: Babilònia

→ English: Babylonia

Italian: Babilonia

Sicilian: Vavilugna, Babbilùnia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βαβυλωνία (Babulōnía), derived from Βαβυλών (Babulṓn, “Babylon”).

(historical) Babylonia (an ancient empire and geographic region of Mesopotamia, existing from 1850 BCE to 539 BCE, based around the city of Babylon; at its maximum extent, covering parts of modern-day Iraq, Kuwait, Syria and Iran)


Assyria

Learned borrowing from Latin Assyria, from Ancient Greek Ἀσσυρία (Assuría), from Akkadian 𒀾𒋗𒊏𒅀 (Aššūrāyu), from 𒀸𒋩𒆠 (Aššūr, “Assur”), its original capital. Doublet of Syria.

(historical) An ancient Semitic Akkadian kingdom and at times an empire, extant from the mid-23rd century BCE to 608 BCE and centred on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq, but at its maximum extent including parts of modern Iran, Syria, Israel, Palestine and Egypt).


Assyria

Assyria (nominative singular)
Assyria (accusative nominative singular)
Assyrian (accusative genitive singular)
Assyrian (genitive singular)
Assyriaa (partitive singular)
Assyriassa (inessive singular)
Assyriasta (elative singular)
Assyriaan (illative singular)
Assyrialla (adessive singular)
Assyrialta (ablative singular)
Assyrialle (allative singular)
Assyriana (essive singular)
Assyriaksi (singular translative)
Assyriatta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Assyriani (nominative singular)
Assyriani (accusative nominative singular)
Assyriani (accusative genitive singular)
Assyriani (genitive singular)
Assyriaani (partitive singular)
Assyriassani (inessive singular)
Assyriastani (elative singular)
Assyriaani (illative singular)
Assyriallani (adessive singular)
Assyrialtani (ablative singular)
Assyrialleni (allative singular)
Assyrianani (essive singular)
Assyriakseni (singular translative)
Assyriattani (abessive singular)
Assyriasi (nominative singular)
Assyriasi (accusative nominative singular)
Assyriasi (accusative genitive singular)
Assyriasi (genitive singular)
Assyriaasi (partitive singular)
Assyriassasi (inessive singular)
Assyriastasi (elative singular)
Assyriaasi (illative singular)
Assyriallasi (adessive singular)
Assyrialtasi (ablative singular)
Assyriallesi (allative singular)
Assyrianasi (essive singular)
Assyriaksesi (singular translative)
Assyriattasi (abessive singular)
Assyriamme (nominative singular)
Assyriamme (accusative nominative singular)
Assyriamme (accusative genitive singular)
Assyriamme (genitive singular)
Assyriaamme (partitive singular)
Assyriassamme (inessive singular)
Assyriastamme (elative singular)
Assyriaamme (illative singular)
Assyriallamme (adessive singular)
Assyrialtamme (ablative singular)
Assyriallemme (allative singular)
Assyrianamme (essive singular)
Assyriaksemme (singular translative)
Assyriattamme (abessive singular)
Assyrianne (nominative singular)
Assyrianne (accusative nominative singular)
Assyrianne (accusative genitive singular)
Assyrianne (genitive singular)
Assyriaanne (partitive singular)
Assyriassanne (inessive singular)
Assyriastanne (elative singular)
Assyriaanne (illative singular)
Assyriallanne (adessive singular)
Assyrialtanne (ablative singular)
Assyriallenne (allative singular)
Assyriananne (essive singular)
Assyriaksenne (singular translative)
Assyriattanne (abessive singular)
Assyriansa (nominative singular)
Assyriansa (accusative nominative singular)
Assyriansa (accusative genitive singular)
Assyriansa (genitive singular)
Assyriaansa (partitive singular)
Assyriassaan (inessive singular)
Assyriassansa (inessive singular)
Assyriastaan (elative singular)
Assyriastansa (elative singular)
Assyriaansa (illative singular)
Assyriallaan (adessive singular)
Assyriallansa (adessive singular)
Assyrialtaan (ablative singular)
Assyrialtansa (ablative singular)
Assyrialleen (allative singular)
Assyriallensa (allative singular)
Assyrianaan (essive singular)
Assyrianansa (essive singular)
Assyriakseen (singular translative)
Assyriaksensa (singular translative)
Assyriattaan (abessive singular)
Assyriattansa (abessive singular)

[ˈɑ̝s̠ːy(ː)ˌriɑ̝]


Assyria

Assyria f sg (genitive Assyriae); first declension

Assyriae (genitive)
Assyria (nominative singular)
Assyriae (genitive singular)
Assyriae (dative singular)
Assyriam (accusative singular)
Assyriā (ablative singular)
Assyria (singular vocative)

→ Catalan: Assíria

→ Czech: Asýrie

→ Danish: Assyrien

→ Dutch: Assyrië

→ English: Assyria

Tok Pisin: Asiria

→ Hawaiian: ʻAkulia

→ Finnish: Assyria

→ French: Assyrie

→ German: Assyrien

→ Hungarian: Asszíria

→ Irish: Aisiria

→ Italian: Assiria

→ Japanese: アッシリア (Asshiria)

→ Polish: Asyria

→ Portuguese: Assíria

→ Russian: Ассирия (Assirija)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Асирија

Latin script: Asirija

→ Slovak: Asýria

→ Spanish: Asiria

→ Swahili: Assyrien

→ Ukrainian: Асси́рія (Assýrija)

From Ancient Greek Ἀσσυρία (Assuría), from Akkadian 𒀾𒋗𒊏𒅀 (Aššūrāyu), from 𒀸𒋩𒆠 (Aššūr, “Assur”), its original capital.


Дамаск

bg-proper noun

Дама́ск • (Damásk) m

Дама́ск (canonical)
Damásk (romanization)


Дамаск

Kazakh alphabets#Arabic script
Kazakh alphabets#Cyrillic script
Kazakh alphabets#Latin script
kk:Дамаск


Дамаск

mk-proper noun

Дамаск • (Damask) m (relational adjective дамаски)

Damask (romanization)
дамаски (adjective relational)


Дамаск

ru-proper noun+

Дама́ск • (Damásk) m inan (genitive Дама́ска)

Дама́ск (canonical)
Damásk (romanization)
Дама́ска (genitive)
Дама́ск (nominative singular)
Дама́ска (genitive singular)
Дама́ску (dative singular)
Дама́ск (accusative singular)
Дама́ском (instrumental singular)
Дама́ске (prepositional singular)
Дама́скъ (alternative)


Дамаск

Да̀маск (canonical masculine)
Dàmask (romanization)
Дамаск (nominative singular)
Дамаска (genitive singular)
Дамаску (dative singular)
Дамаск (accusative singular)
Дамасче (singular vocative)
Дамаску (locative singular)
Дамаском (instrumental singular)


Дамаск

uk-proper noun

Дама́ск • (Damásk) m inan (genitive Дама́ска, uncountable, relational adjective дама́ський)

Дама́ск (canonical)
Damásk (romanization)
Дама́ска (genitive)
дама́ський (adjective relational)
Дама́ск (nominative singular)
Дама́ска (genitive singular)
Дама́скові (dative singular)
Дама́ску (dative singular)
Дама́ск (accusative singular)
Дама́ском (instrumental singular)
Дама́ску (locative singular)
Дама́ску (singular vocative)


Դամասկոս

Damaskos (romanization)
Դամասկոս (nominative singular singular-only)
Դամասկոսի (dative singular singular-only)
Դամասկոսից (ablative singular singular-only)
Դամասկոսով (instrumental singular singular-only)
Դամասկոսում (locative singular singular-only)
Դամասկոսը (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Դամասկոսն (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Դամասկոսին (dative definite singular singular-only)
Դամասկոսս (first-person nominative possessive singular singular-only)
Դամասկոսիս (dative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Դամասկոսիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Դամասկոսովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular singular-only)
Դամասկոսումս (first-person locative possessive singular singular-only)
Դամասկոսդ (nominative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Դամասկոսիդ (dative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Դամասկոսիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Դամասկոսովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Դամասկոսումդ (locative possessive second-person singular singular-only)

hy-decl-noun-unc

Դամասկոսը / Դամասկոսն

Դամասկոսները / Դամասկոսներն

Դամասկոսների

Դամասկոսներին

Դամասկոսներից

Դամասկոսներով

Դամասկոսներում

Դամասկոսներս

Դամասկոսներիս

Դամասկոսներիցս

Դամասկոսներովս

Դամասկոսումս

Դամասկոսներումս

Դամասկոսներդ

Դամասկոսներիդ

Դամասկոսներիցդ

Դամասկոսներովդ

Դամասկոսումդ

Դամասկոսներումդ


Դամասկոս

Damaskos (romanization)
Դամասկոս (nominative singular uncountable)
Դամասկեայ (genitive singular uncountable)
Դամասկեայ (dative singular uncountable)
Դամասկոս (accusative singular uncountable)
Դամասկեայ (ablative singular uncountable)
Դամասկեաւ (instrumental singular uncountable)
Դամասկոս (locative singular uncountable)
Դամասկոս (nominative singular uncountable)
Դամասկոսի (genitive singular uncountable)
Դամասկոսի (dative singular uncountable)
Դամասկոս (accusative singular uncountable)
Դամասկոսէ (ablative singular uncountable)
Դամասկոսիւ (instrumental singular uncountable)
Դամասկոսի (locative singular uncountable)

Armenian: Դամասկոս (Damaskos)


Ἀσσυρία

grc-proper noun

Ἀσσῠρίᾱ • (Assŭríā) f (genitive Ἀσσῠρίᾱς); first declension

Ἀσσῠρίᾱ (canonical)
Assŭríā (romanization)
Ἀσσῠρίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Ἀσσυρίᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀσσυρίᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀσσυρίᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἀσσυρίᾱν (accusative singular)
Ἀσσυρίᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Ασσυρία (Assyría)

→ Latin: Assyria (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Akkadian 𒀾𒋗𒊏𒅀 (Aššūrāyu), from 𒀸𒋩𒆠 (Aššūr, “Assur”), its original capital.


Βαβυλωνία

Βᾰβῠλωνῐ́ᾱ • (Băbŭlōnĭ́ā) f (genitive Βᾰβῠλωνῐ́ᾱς); first declension

Βᾰβῠλωνῐ́ᾱ (canonical)
Băbŭlōnĭ́ā (romanization)
Βᾰβῠλωνῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Βᾰβῠλωνῐ́ᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Βᾰβῠλωνῐ́ᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Βᾰβῠλωνῐ́ᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Βᾰβῠλωνῐ́ᾱν (accusative singular)
Βᾰβῠλωνῐ́ᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Βαβυλωνία (Vavylonía)

Latin: Babylonia

From Βαβυλών (Babulṓn, “Babylon”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā).


Βαβυλωνία

head

Βαβυλωνία • (Vavylonía) f (usually uncountable, plural Βαβυλωνίες)

Vavylonía (romanization)
Βαβυλωνίες (plural)
Βαβυλωνία (nominative singular)
Βαβυλωνίες (nominative plural)
Βαβυλωνίας (genitive singular)
Βαβυλωνιών (genitive plural)
Βαβυλωνία (accusative singular)
Βαβυλωνίες (accusative plural)
Βαβυλωνία (singular vocative)
Βαβυλωνίες (plural vocative)

Βα βυ λω νί α

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Βαβυλωνία (Babulōnía). Doublet of βαβυλωνία (vavylonía, “confusion from voices speaking all together”).


Βέροια

grc-proper noun

Βέροιᾰ • (Béroiă) f (genitive Βεροίᾱς); first declension

Βέροιᾰ (canonical)
Béroiă (romanization)
Βεροίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Βέροιᾰ (nominative singular)
τὼ Βεροίᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ Βέροιαι (nominative plural)
τῆς Βεροίᾱς (genitive singular)
τοῖν Βεροίαιν (dual genitive)
τῶν Βεροιῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ Βεροίᾳ (dative singular)
τοῖν Βεροίαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς Βεροίαις (dative plural)
τὴν Βέροιᾰν (accusative singular)
τὼ Βεροίᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς Βεροίᾱς (accusative plural)
Βέροιᾰ (singular vocative)
Βεροίᾱ (dual vocative)
Βέροιαι (plural vocative)
Βεροίη (alternative Ionic)
Βέρροιᾰ (alternative)

English: Beroea; Berea

Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰 (bairauja)

Greek: Βέροια (Véroia) (also commonly Veria)

Latin: Beroea

Compare Ancient Macedonian Φέροιᾰ (Phéroiă).

Aleppo#Classical antiquity
Stara Zagora#History
Veria#History

Beroea (an ancient city in Aleppo, Syria)


کردستان

[kʰʊɾ.d̪ɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[kʰʊɾ.d̪ɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

[kʰʊɾ.d̪ɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

From کرد + ـستان.


کردستان

ur-proper noun

کُرْدِسْتان • (kurdistān) m (Hindi spelling कुर्दिस्तान)

کُرْدِسْتان (canonical)
kurdistān (romanization)
कुर्दिस्तान (Hindi)

کُرْ دِسْ تان

From کرد (Kurd) + ـستان (-istān, “land of...”), or possibly borrowed from Classical Persian کردستان (kurdistān).

bor+

قِبْرِص فِلِسْطِین اِسْرائِیل لِبْنان یَمَن عُمان مُتَّحِدَہ عَرَب اِمارات قَطَر بَحْرِین کُوَیت


Евфрат

Euphrates (a river in Iraq, Syria and Turkey in Mesopotamia)


Евфрат

ru-proper noun+

Евфра́т • (Jevfrát) m inan (genitive Евфра́та)

Евфра́т (canonical)
Jevfrát (romanization)
Евфра́та (genitive)
Евфра́т (nominative singular)
Евфра́та (genitive singular)
Евфра́ту (dative singular)
Евфра́т (accusative singular)
Евфра́том (instrumental singular)
Евфра́те (prepositional singular)


Damaskus

Inherited from Dutch Damascus, from Middle Dutch damascus, from Latin Damascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from a Semitic language.


Damaskus

de-proper noun

Damaskus n (proper noun, genitive Damaskus' or (with an article) Damaskus)

Damaskus' (genitive)
Damaskus (genitive)

From Latin Damascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from an ancient Semitic language.


Damašek

cs-proper noun

Damašek m inan (relational adjective damašský)

damašský (adjective relational)
Damašek (nominative singular)
Damašku (genitive singular)
Damašku (dative singular)
Damašek (accusative singular)
Damašku (singular vocative)
Damašku (locative singular)
Damaškem (instrumental singular)


Chalcis

An ancient town in modern northern Syria, now known as Qinnasrin.


Chalcis

la-proper noun

Chalcis f sg (genitive Chalcidis or Chalcidos); third declension

Chalcidis (genitive)
Chalcidos (genitive)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Χαλκίς (Khalkís).

Chalcis (an ancient town in modern northern Syria)


Şam

bor

Arabic اَلشَّام (aš-šām)


Şam

Şam (nominative singular)
Şam'ı (accusative singular)
Şam'a (dative singular)
Şam'da (locative singular)
Şam'dan (ablative singular)
Şam'ın (genitive singular)

From Ottoman Turkish شام (Şam, “Damascus, Syria”), from Arabic اَلشَّام (aš-Šām, “Syria, Damascus”).


Damaszkusz

Damaszkusz (nominative singular)
Damaszkuszt (accusative singular)
Damaszkusznak (dative singular)
Damaszkusszal (instrumental singular)
Damaszkuszért (causal-final singular)
Damaszkusszá (singular translative)
Damaszkuszig (singular terminative)
Damaszkuszként (essive-formal singular)
Damaszkuszban (inessive singular)
Damaszkuszon (singular superessive)
Damaszkusznál (adessive singular)
Damaszkuszba (illative singular)
Damaszkuszra (singular sublative)
Damaszkuszhoz (allative singular)
Damaszkuszból (elative singular)
Damaszkuszról (delative singular)
Damaszkusztól (ablative singular)
Damaszkuszé (singular)
Damaszkuszéi (singular)
Damaszkuszom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Damaszkuszod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Damaszkusza (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Damaszkuszunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Damaszkuszotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Damaszkuszuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)


Damaszek

pl-prop

Damaszek m inan (related adjective damasceński)

damasceński (adjective)
Damaszek (nominative singular)
Damaszku (genitive singular)
Damaszkowi (dative singular)
Damaszek (accusative singular)
Damaszkiem (instrumental singular)
Damaszku (locative singular)
Damaszku (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Dāmascus. Doublet of adamaszek and Damascena.


شام

desc

→ Abkhaz: Шьам (Šam), Шьамтәыла (Šamtʷʼəla)

→ Ladino: Sham

Turkish: Şam


شام

→ Urdu: شام (śām)


Asirija

Asírija (canonical feminine)
Аси́рија (Cyrillic)
Asirija (nominative singular)
Asirije (genitive singular)
Asiriji (dative singular)
Asiriju (accusative singular)
Asirijo (singular vocative)
Asiriji (locative singular)
Asirijom (instrumental singular)


Babilonija

sh-proper noun

Babìlōnija, Babilȏnija f (Cyrillic spelling Бабѝло̄нија, Бабило̑нија)

Babìlōnija (canonical)
Babilȏnija (canonical feminine)
Бабѝло̄нија (Cyrillic)
Бабило̑нија (Cyrillic)
Vavìlōnija, Vavilȏnija (alternative Bosnia Serbia)

(Croatia) (historical) Babylonia (an ancient empire and geographic region of Mesopotamia, existing from 1850 BCE to 539 BCE, based around the city of Babylon; at its maximum extent, covering parts of modern-day Iraq, Kuwait, Syria and Iran)


Babilônia

Brazilian Portuguese standard spelling of Babilónia: (historical) Babylonia (an ancient empire and geographic region of Mesopotamia, existing from 1850 BCE to 539 BCE, based around the city of Babylon; at its maximum extent, covering parts of modern-day Iraq, Kuwait, Syria and Iran)


Միջագետք

head

Միջագետք • (Miǰagetkʻ)

hy-proper noun

Միջագետք • (Miǰagetkʻ)

Miǰagetkʻ (romanization)
Միջագետք (nominative singular singular-only)
Միջագետքի (dative singular singular-only)
Միջագետքից (ablative singular singular-only)
Միջագետքով (instrumental singular singular-only)
Միջագետքում (locative singular singular-only)
Միջագետքը (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Միջագետքն (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Միջագետքին (dative definite singular singular-only)
Միջագետքս (first-person nominative possessive singular singular-only)
Միջագետքիս (dative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Միջագետքիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Միջագետքովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular singular-only)
Միջագետքումս (first-person locative possessive singular singular-only)
Միջագետքդ (nominative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Միջագետքիդ (dative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Միջագետքիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Միջագետքովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Միջագետքումդ (locative possessive second-person singular singular-only)

hy-decl-noun-unc

Միջագետքը / Միջագետքն

Միջագետքները / Միջագետքներն

Միջագետքների

Միջագետքներին

Միջագետքներից

Միջագետքներով

Միջագետքներում

Միջագետքներս

Միջագետքներիս

Միջագետքներիցս

Միջագետքներովս

Միջագետքումս

Միջագետքներումս

Միջագետքներդ

Միջագետքներիդ

Միջագետքներիցդ

Միջագետքներովդ

Միջագետքումդ

Միջագետքներումդ

[mit͡ʃʰɑɡétkʰ]

Mesopotamia (a geographic region in southwest Asia, spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, located in modern Iraq, eastern Syria, and southeast Turkey; the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man)


Միջագետք

head

Միջագետք • (Miǰagetkʻ) pl

xcl-proper noun

Միջագետք • (Miǰagetkʻ) pl

Miǰagetkʻ (romanization)
Միջագետք (nominative plural)
Միջագետաց (genitive plural)
Միջագետաց (dative plural)
Միջագետս (accusative plural)
Միջագետաց (ablative plural)
Միջագետս (locative plural)

xcl-decl-noun-pl

Միջագետաւք = Միջագետօք

From մէջ (mēǰ) + -ա- (-a-) + գետ (get) + -ք (-kʻ), because Mesopotamia is between Euphrates and Tigris. Calque of Ancient Greek Μεσοποταμία (Mesopotamía).


Kaksoisvirranmaa

Kaksoisvirranmaa (nominative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaa (accusative nominative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaan (accusative genitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaan (genitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaata (partitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaassa (inessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaasta (elative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaahan (illative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaalla (adessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaalta (ablative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaalle (allative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaana (essive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaaksi (singular translative)
Kaksoisvirranmaatta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Kaksoisvirranmaani (nominative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaani (accusative nominative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaani (accusative genitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaani (genitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaatani (partitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaassani (inessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaastani (elative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaahani (illative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaallani (adessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaaltani (ablative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaalleni (allative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaanani (essive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaakseni (singular translative)
Kaksoisvirranmaattani (abessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaasi (nominative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaasi (accusative nominative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaasi (accusative genitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaasi (genitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaatasi (partitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaassasi (inessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaastasi (elative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaahasi (illative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaallasi (adessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaaltasi (ablative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaallesi (allative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaanasi (essive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaaksesi (singular translative)
Kaksoisvirranmaattasi (abessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaamme (nominative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaamme (accusative nominative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaamme (accusative genitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaamme (genitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaatamme (partitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaassamme (inessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaastamme (elative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaahamme (illative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaallamme (adessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaaltamme (ablative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaallemme (allative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaanamme (essive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaaksemme (singular translative)
Kaksoisvirranmaattamme (abessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaanne (nominative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaanne (accusative nominative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaanne (accusative genitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaanne (genitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaatanne (partitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaassanne (inessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaastanne (elative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaahanne (illative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaallanne (adessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaaltanne (ablative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaallenne (allative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaananne (essive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaaksenne (singular translative)
Kaksoisvirranmaattanne (abessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaansa (nominative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaansa (accusative nominative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaansa (accusative genitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaansa (genitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaataan (partitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaatansa (partitive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaassaan (inessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaassansa (inessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaastaan (elative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaastansa (elative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaahansa (illative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaallaan (adessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaallansa (adessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaaltaan (ablative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaaltansa (ablative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaalleen (allative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaallensa (allative singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaanaan (essive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaanansa (essive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaakseen (singular translative)
Kaksoisvirranmaaksensa (singular translative)
Kaksoisvirranmaattaan (abessive singular)
Kaksoisvirranmaattansa (abessive singular)
Kaksoisvirran maa (alternative)
Kaksoisvirtain maa (alternative)
Kaksoisvirtainmaa (alternative)

[ˈkɑ̝ks̠o̞i̯s̠ˌʋirːɑ̝mˌmɑ̝ː]

virran (“twin”) + virta (“river's”) + maa (“land”)


Damasco

Spanish: Damasco

From Latin Damascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from Semitic.

Sant pablo q̃ ante auie nõbre ſaulus fue del tribu de beniamin naſcio en iuda e al ſegũdo año ap̃s dela paſſiõ de iħu xp̃o baptizo ananias e damaſco […]

c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 79r:

Saint Paul, who before had the name Saul, was of the tribe of Benjamin. He was born in Judea, and in the second year after the Passion of Jesus Christ Ananias baptized [him] in Damascus […]


Damasco

Inherited from Old Spanish Damasco, from Latin Damascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from Semitic.


Babilonia

From Latin Babylōnia, from Ancient Greek Βαβυλωνία (Babulōnía), derived from Βαβυλών (Babulṓn), from Akkadian 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 (Bābilim, literally “Gate of God”); the name of the ancient Chaldean capital and Biblical city of the Apocalypse.


Babilonia

Babilonia (nominative singular)
Babilonii (genitive singular)
Babilonii (dative singular)
Babilonię (accusative singular)
Babilonią (instrumental singular)
Babilonii (locative singular)
Babilonio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Babylōnia. Doublet of Babel and Babilon.


Babilonia

Borrowed from Latin Babylōnia, from Ancient Greek Βαβυλωνία (Babulōnía), from Βαβυλων (Babulōn, “Babylon”) + -ία (-ía, forming place names for areas).


jswr

i-s-sw-w-r:Z1-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

Ultimately from Akkadian 𒀸𒋩 (Aššur, “Assur”).


Aleppo

From Italian Aleppo, from French Alep, from Ottoman Turkish حلب (Haleb, vulg. Halep), from Arabic حَلَب (ḥalab), of uncertain origin. Theorized to be from Arabic حَلَبَ (ḥalaba, “gave out milk”), coming from the ancient tradition that Abraham gave milk to travelers as they moved throughout the region. Attested in Akkadian as 𒌷𒄩𒆷𒀊𒆠 (ᵁᴿᵁḫa-la-abᴷᴵ, “Ḫalab/Ḫalap”), Hittite 𒄬𒉺 (Ḥalpa), Ugaritic 𐎈𐎍𐎁 (ḥlb), Aramaic חלב (Ḥlb), Old Armenian Խաղաբ (Xałab), Ancient Greek Χαλιβών (Khalibṓn), and Classical Syriac ܚܰܠܰܒ (Ḥalpa).

The capital city of Aleppo Governorate, Syria.


Aleppo

de-proper noun

Aleppo n (proper noun, genitive Aleppos or (optionally with an article) Aleppo)

Aleppos (genitive)
Aleppo (genitive with-article)

Borrowed from Italian Aleppo, from French Alep, from Ottoman Turkish حلب (Haleb, vulg. Halep), from Arabic حَلَب (ḥalab), of unknown origin.


Aleppo

→ Danish: Aleppo

→ Dutch: Aleppo

→ English: Aleppo

→ Finnish: Aleppo

→ German: Aleppo

→ Norwegian: Aleppo

→ Polish: Aleppo

→ Russian: Алеппо (Aleppo)

→ Swedish: Aleppo

→ Ukrainian: Алеппо (Aleppo)

Borrowed from French Alep, from Ottoman Turkish حلب (Haleb, vulg. Halep), from Arabic حَلَب (ḥalab), of unknown origin.


Հալեպ

head

Հալեպ • (Halep) (traditional orthography spelling Հալէպ)

Halep (romanization)
orthography spelling Հալէպ (traditional)
Հալեպ (nominative singular singular-only)
Հալեպի (dative singular singular-only)
Հալեպից (ablative singular singular-only)
Հալեպով (instrumental singular singular-only)
Հալեպում (locative singular singular-only)
Հալեպը (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Հալեպն (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Հալեպին (dative definite singular singular-only)
Հալեպս (first-person nominative possessive singular singular-only)
Հալեպիս (dative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Հալեպիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Հալեպովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular singular-only)
Հալեպումս (first-person locative possessive singular singular-only)
Հալեպդ (nominative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Հալեպիդ (dative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Հալեպիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Հալեպովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Հալեպումդ (locative possessive second-person singular singular-only)

hy-decl-noun-unc

Հալեպը / Հալեպն

Հալեպները / Հալեպներն

Հալեպներումս

Հալեպներումդ

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish حلب (Halep). Doublet of Old Armenian Խաղաբ (Xałab).


Ասորեստան

Asorestan (romanization)
Ասորեստան (nominative singular singular-only)
Ասորեստանի (dative singular singular-only)
Ասորեստանից (ablative singular singular-only)
Ասորեստանով (instrumental singular singular-only)
Ասորեստանում (locative singular singular-only)
Ասորեստանը (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Ասորեստանն (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Ասորեստանին (dative definite singular singular-only)
Ասորեստանս (first-person nominative possessive singular singular-only)
Ասորեստանիս (dative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Ասորեստանիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Ասորեստանովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular singular-only)
Ասորեստանումս (first-person locative possessive singular singular-only)
Ասորեստանդ (nominative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Ասորեստանիդ (dative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Ասորեստանիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Ասորեստանովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Ասորեստանումդ (locative possessive second-person singular singular-only)

hy-decl-noun-unc

Ասորեստանը / Ասորեստանն

Ասորեստաններ

Ասորեստանները / Ասորեստաններն

Ասորեստանների

Ասորեստաններին

Ասորեստաններից

Ասորեստաններով

Ասորեստանում

Ասորեստաններում

Ասորեստաններս

Ասորեստաններիս

Ասորեստանիցս

Ասորեստաններիցս

Ասորեստանովս

Ասորեստաններովս

Ասորեստանումս

Ասորեստաններումս

Ասորեստաններդ

Ասորեստաններիդ

Ասորեստանիցդ

Ասորեստաններիցդ

Ասորեստանովդ

Ասորեստաններովդ

Ասորեստանումդ

Ասորեստաններումդ

From Old Armenian Ասորեստան (Asorestan).

hy:Ասորեստան


Ասորեստան

Asorestan (romanization)
Ասորեստան (nominative singular uncountable)
Ասորեստանի (genitive singular uncountable)
Ասորեստանի (dative singular uncountable)
Ասորեստան (accusative singular uncountable)
Ասորեստանէ (ablative singular uncountable)
Ասորեստանաւ (instrumental singular uncountable)
Ասորեստանի (locative singular uncountable)
Ասորեստան (nominative singular uncountable)
Ասորեստանւոյ (genitive singular uncountable)
Ասորեստանւոյ (dative singular uncountable)
Ասորեստան (accusative singular uncountable)
Ասորեստանւոյ (ablative singular uncountable)
Ասորեստանեաւ (instrumental singular uncountable)
Ասորեստանի (locative singular uncountable)
Ասորեստան (nominative singular uncountable)
Ասորեստանոյ (genitive singular uncountable)
Ասորեստանոյ (dative singular uncountable)
Ասորեստան (accusative singular uncountable)
Ասորեստանոյ (ablative singular uncountable)
Ասորեստանով (instrumental singular uncountable)
Ասորեստան (locative singular uncountable)

xcl-decl-noun-unc

Ասորեստանւոյ

Ասորեստանւոյ

Ասորեստանւոյ

Ասորեստանեաւ

Armenian: Ասորեստան (Asorestan)

Either wholly borrowed from Iranian – compare Middle Persian 𐭠𐭮𐭥𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭭 (ʾswrstn), Parthian 𐭀𐭎𐭅𐭓𐭎𐭕𐭍 (ʾswrstn) – or, according to Hübschmann, formed in Armenian as ասորի (asori) + -աստան (-astan). The sound change -իա- (-ia-) → -ե- (-e-) is regular in Armenian.

Վեցերորդ՝ Կորճէք յելից կայ Մոկաց առ Ասորեստանիւ։ Եւ գաւառս ունի մետասան․ զԿորդիս, զԿորդիս վերին, զԿորդիս միջին, զԿորդիս ներքին, զԱյտուանս, զՄոթղանս, զՈրսիրանս, զԿարատունիս, զՃահուկ, զՓոքր Աղբակ։ Եւ ունի զառիկ․ եւ ի պտղոց՝ շահդանակ։
Vecʻerord, Korčēkʻ yelicʻ kay Mokacʻ aṙ Asorestaniw. Ew gawaṙs uni metasan; zKordis, zKordis verin, zKordis miǰin, zKordis nerkʻin, zAytuans, zMotʻłans, zOrsirans, zKaratunis, zČahuk, zPʻokʻr Ałbak. Ew uni zaṙik; ew i ptłocʻ, šahdanak.
1992 translation by Robert H. Hewsen

7th century, Anania Širakacʻi, Ašxarhacʻoycʻ [Geography]

Korčēkʿ is east of Mokkʿ by Assyria. It has eleven districts: Kordis, Upper Kordis, Middle Kordis, Lower Kordis, Aytuans, Motʿłans, Orsirans, Karatunis, Čahuk, and Lesser Ałbak. It has arsenic and among its fruits is the chestnut.


Քրդստան

head

Քրդստան • (Kʻrdstan)

hy-proper noun

Քրդստան • (Kʻrdstan)

Kʻrdstan (romanization)
Քրդստան (nominative singular singular-only)
Քրդստանի (dative singular singular-only)
Քրդստանից (ablative singular singular-only)
Քրդստանով (instrumental singular singular-only)
Քրդստանում (locative singular singular-only)
Քրդստանը (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Քրդստանն (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Քրդստանին (dative definite singular singular-only)
Քրդստանս (first-person nominative possessive singular singular-only)
Քրդստանիս (dative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Քրդստանիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Քրդստանովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular singular-only)
Քրդստանումս (first-person locative possessive singular singular-only)
Քրդստանդ (nominative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Քրդստանիդ (dative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Քրդստանիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Քրդստանովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Քրդստանումդ (locative possessive second-person singular singular-only)

hy-decl-noun-unc

Քրդստանը / Քրդստանն

Քրդստանները / Քրդստաններն

Քրդստաններին

Քրդստաններից

Քրդստաններով

Քրդստաններում

Քրդստաններիս

Քրդստաններիցս

Քրդստաններովս

Քրդստաններումս

Քրդստաններիդ

Քրդստաններիցդ

Քրդստաններովդ

Քրդստաններումդ

[kʰəɾtʰəstɑ́n]

Kurdistan (a cultural region in Western Asia inhabited mostly by the Kurds, encompassing parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria)


الشام

ar-proper noun

الشَّام • (aš-šām) f

الشَّام (canonical)
aš-šām (romanization)
الشَّام (definite informal singular triptote)
الشَّامُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الشَّامَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الشَّامِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
شام (alternative)

From the root ش ء م (š ʔ m), a variant of ش م ل (š m l); contrasted with اليَمَن (al-yaman) from *yamīn- (“right-hand side; southward”). Cognate with Hebrew שְׂמֹאל (s'mól, “left”), Akkadian 𒆏 (šumēlum, “left side”), Aramaic סְמָלָא / ܣܡܠܐ (semālā, “left side”), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎎𐎀𐎍 (šmảl). The northern sense derives from the left-hand side oriented with the sunrise, also attested in Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩱𐩣 (s²ʾm, “North”).
The “Greater Syria, the Levant” sense is an ellipsis of بِلَاد الشَّام (bilād aš-šām).

ar-root

ش ء م (š ʔ m)

ش م ل (š m l)

cog

Aramaic סְמָלָא

ellipsis

بِلَاد الشَّام

الشَّام القَدِيمَة

Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)


الشام

ajp-proper noun

الشام • (iš-šām) f


Fruchtbarer Halbmond

de-proper noun

Fruchtbarer Halbmond m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite nominative der Fruchtbare Halbmond, definite genitive des Fruchtbaren Halbmonds or des Fruchtbaren Halbmondes)

der Fruchtbare Halbmond (definite nominative)
des Fruchtbaren Halbmonds (definite genitive)
des Fruchtbaren Halbmondes (definite genitive)

Fertile Crescent
Fertile Crescent#English:_Q170526

(historical) Fertile Crescent (a crescent-shaped geographic region of fertile land in the Middle East in Western Asia, stretching from present-day Iraq through eastern Turkey to Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and Palestine)


آشور

ar-proper noun

آشُور • (ʔāšūr) m

آشُور (canonical)
ʔāšūr (romanization)
آشُور (definite diptote informal singular)
آشُورُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
آشُورَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
آشُورَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
آشُّور (alternative)


آشور

head

آشور • (âšur)

fa-proper noun

آشور • (âšur)


Alepo

From Italian Aleppo, from French Alep, from Ottoman Turkish حلب (Haleb, vulg. Halep), from Arabic حَلَب (ḥalab), of uncertain origin.


Babilónia

Babilónia (nominative singular)
Babilóniák (nominative plural)
Babilóniát (accusative singular)
Babilóniákat (accusative plural)
Babilóniának (dative singular)
Babilóniáknak (dative plural)
Babilóniával (instrumental singular)
Babilóniákkal (instrumental plural)
Babilóniáért (causal-final singular)
Babilóniákért (causal-final plural)
Babilóniává (singular translative)
Babilóniákká (plural translative)
Babilóniáig (singular terminative)
Babilóniákig (plural terminative)
Babilóniaként (essive-formal singular)
Babilóniákként (essive-formal plural)
Babilóniában (inessive singular)
Babilóniákban (inessive plural)
Babilónián (singular superessive)
Babilóniákon (plural superessive)
Babilóniánál (adessive singular)
Babilóniáknál (adessive plural)
Babilóniába (illative singular)
Babilóniákba (illative plural)
Babilóniára (singular sublative)
Babilóniákra (plural sublative)
Babilóniához (allative singular)
Babilóniákhoz (allative plural)
Babilóniából (elative singular)
Babilóniákból (elative plural)
Babilóniáról (delative singular)
Babilóniákról (delative plural)
Babilóniától (ablative singular)
Babilóniáktól (ablative plural)
Babilóniáé (singular)
Babilóniáké (plural)
Babilóniáéi (singular)
Babilóniákéi (plural)
Babilóniám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Babilóniáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
Babilóniád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Babilóniáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
Babilóniája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Babilóniái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
Babilóniánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Babilóniáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
Babilóniátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Babilóniáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
Babilóniájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Babilóniáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


Babilónia

Babilônia (alternative Brazil)
Babylonia (alternative obsolete)
Babylónia (alternative obsolete)


Osroene

From Ancient Greek Ὀσροηνή (Osroēnḗ). Compare Ὀσρόης (Osróēs) (probably a form of Χοσρόης (Khosróēs), from Iranian; see خسرو, Classical Syriac ܐܘܪܗܝ (ʾŌrhāy).

Osrhoene (alternative)
Osrohene (alternative)
Osroëne (alternative)

(historical) An ancient Syriac kingdom, Roman province and historical region in northwestern Mesopotamia in modern Turkey and Syria, which enjoyed semi-autonomy to complete independence from the years of 132 B.C.E. to 244 C.E..


Osroene

la-proper noun

Osroēnē f sg (genitive Osroēnēs); first declension

Osroēnē (canonical feminine singular)
Osroēnēs (genitive)
Osroēnē (nominative singular)
Osroēnēs (genitive singular)
Osroēnae (dative singular)
Osroēnēn (accusative singular)
Osroēnē (ablative singular)
Osroēnē (singular vocative)

(historical) Osroene (an ancient Syriac kingdom, Roman province and historical region in northwestern Mesopotamia in modern Turkey and Syria, which enjoyed semi-autonomy to complete independence from the years of 132 B.C.E. to 244 C.E.)


Osroene

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὀσροηνή (Osroēnḗ).


Babil

Babil (nominative singular)
Babiller (nominative plural)
Babil'i (accusative singular)
Babilleri (accusative plural)
Babil'e (dative singular)
Babillere (dative plural)
Babil'de (locative singular)
Babillerde (locative plural)
Babil'den (ablative singular)
Babillerden (ablative plural)
Babil'in (genitive singular)
Babillerin (genitive plural)
Babil'im (first-person singular)
Babillerim (first-person singular)
Babil'lerim (first-person singular)
Babil'in (second-person singular)
Babillerin (second-person singular)
Babil'lerin (second-person singular)
Babil'i (singular third-person)
Babilleri (singular third-person)
Babil'leri (singular third-person)
Babil'imiz (first-person plural)
Babillerimiz (first-person plural)
Babil'lerimiz (first-person plural)
Babil'iniz (plural second-person)
Babilleriniz (plural second-person)
Babil'leriniz (plural second-person)
Babil'i (plural third-person)
Babilleri (plural third-person)
Babil'leri (plural third-person)

From Ottoman Turkish بابل (Bābil), from Persian بابل (Bâbel).


Asszíria

Asszíria (nominative singular)
Asszíriák (nominative plural)
Asszíriát (accusative singular)
Asszíriákat (accusative plural)
Asszíriának (dative singular)
Asszíriáknak (dative plural)
Asszíriával (instrumental singular)
Asszíriákkal (instrumental plural)
Asszíriáért (causal-final singular)
Asszíriákért (causal-final plural)
Asszíriává (singular translative)
Asszíriákká (plural translative)
Asszíriáig (singular terminative)
Asszíriákig (plural terminative)
Asszíriaként (essive-formal singular)
Asszíriákként (essive-formal plural)
Asszíriában (inessive singular)
Asszíriákban (inessive plural)
Asszírián (singular superessive)
Asszíriákon (plural superessive)
Asszíriánál (adessive singular)
Asszíriáknál (adessive plural)
Asszíriába (illative singular)
Asszíriákba (illative plural)
Asszíriára (singular sublative)
Asszíriákra (plural sublative)
Asszíriához (allative singular)
Asszíriákhoz (allative plural)
Asszíriából (elative singular)
Asszíriákból (elative plural)
Asszíriáról (delative singular)
Asszíriákról (delative plural)
Asszíriától (ablative singular)
Asszíriáktól (ablative plural)
Asszíriáé (singular)
Asszíriáké (plural)
Asszíriáéi (singular)
Asszíriákéi (plural)
Asszíriám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Asszíriáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
Asszíriád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Asszíriáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
Asszíriája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Asszíriái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
Asszíriánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Asszíriáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
Asszíriátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Asszíriáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
Asszíriájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Asszíriáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Assyria (an ancient Semitic Akkadian kingdom and at times an empire, extant from the mid-23rd century BCE to 608 BCE and centred on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq, but at its maximum extent including parts of modern Iran, Syria, Israel, Palestine and Egypt))


دمشق

ar-proper noun

دِمَشْق • (dimašq) f

دِمَشْق (canonical)
dimašq (romanization)
دِمَشْق (definite diptote informal singular)
دِمَشْقُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
دِمَشْقَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
دِمَشْقَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

دِمَشْق القَدِيمَة


دمشق

Turkish: Dimişk, Dimaşk

synonym of شام: Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)


دمشق

Learned borrowing from Arabic دِمَشْق (dimašq).

lbor

(formal) Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)


دمشق

ur-proper noun

دَمِشْق • (damiśq) m (Hindi spelling दमिश्क़)

دَمِشْق (canonical)
damiśq (romanization)
दमिश्क़ (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian دمشق (damišq), from Arabic دِمَشْق (dimašq).


Damaskos

Damaskos (nominative singular)
Damaskos (accusative nominative singular)
Damaskoksen (accusative genitive singular)
Damaskoksen (genitive singular)
Damaskosta (partitive singular)
Damaskoksessa (inessive singular)
Damaskoksesta (elative singular)
Damaskokseen (illative singular)
Damaskoksella (adessive singular)
Damaskokselta (ablative singular)
Damaskokselle (allative singular)
Damaskoksena (essive singular)
Damaskokseksi (singular translative)
Damaskoksetta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Damaskokseni (nominative singular)
Damaskokseni (accusative nominative singular)
Damaskokseni (accusative genitive singular)
Damaskokseni (genitive singular)
Damaskostani (partitive singular)
Damaskoksessani (inessive singular)
Damaskoksestani (elative singular)
Damaskokseeni (illative singular)
Damaskoksellani (adessive singular)
Damaskokseltani (ablative singular)
Damaskokselleni (allative singular)
Damaskoksenani (essive singular)
Damaskoksekseni (singular translative)
Damaskoksettani (abessive singular)
Damaskoksesi (nominative singular)
Damaskoksesi (accusative nominative singular)
Damaskoksesi (accusative genitive singular)
Damaskoksesi (genitive singular)
Damaskostasi (partitive singular)
Damaskoksessasi (inessive singular)
Damaskoksestasi (elative singular)
Damaskokseesi (illative singular)
Damaskoksellasi (adessive singular)
Damaskokseltasi (ablative singular)
Damaskoksellesi (allative singular)
Damaskoksenasi (essive singular)
Damaskokseksesi (singular translative)
Damaskoksettasi (abessive singular)
Damaskoksemme (nominative singular)
Damaskoksemme (accusative nominative singular)
Damaskoksemme (accusative genitive singular)
Damaskoksemme (genitive singular)
Damaskostamme (partitive singular)
Damaskoksessamme (inessive singular)
Damaskoksestamme (elative singular)
Damaskokseemme (illative singular)
Damaskoksellamme (adessive singular)
Damaskokseltamme (ablative singular)
Damaskoksellemme (allative singular)
Damaskoksenamme (essive singular)
Damaskokseksemme (singular translative)
Damaskoksettamme (abessive singular)
Damaskoksenne (nominative singular)
Damaskoksenne (accusative nominative singular)
Damaskoksenne (accusative genitive singular)
Damaskoksenne (genitive singular)
Damaskostanne (partitive singular)
Damaskoksessanne (inessive singular)
Damaskoksestanne (elative singular)
Damaskokseenne (illative singular)
Damaskoksellanne (adessive singular)
Damaskokseltanne (ablative singular)
Damaskoksellenne (allative singular)
Damaskoksenanne (essive singular)
Damaskokseksenne (singular translative)
Damaskoksettanne (abessive singular)
Damaskoksensa (nominative singular)
Damaskoksensa (accusative nominative singular)
Damaskoksensa (accusative genitive singular)
Damaskoksensa (genitive singular)
Damaskostaan (partitive singular)
Damaskostansa (partitive singular)
Damaskoksessaan (inessive singular)
Damaskoksessansa (inessive singular)
Damaskoksestaan (elative singular)
Damaskoksestansa (elative singular)
Damaskokseensa (illative singular)
Damaskoksellaan (adessive singular)
Damaskoksellansa (adessive singular)
Damaskokseltaan (ablative singular)
Damaskokseltansa (ablative singular)
Damaskokselleen (allative singular)
Damaskoksellensa (allative singular)
Damaskoksenaan (essive singular)
Damaskoksenansa (essive singular)
Damaskoksekseen (singular translative)
Damaskokseksensa (singular translative)
Damaskoksettaan (abessive singular)
Damaskoksettansa (abessive singular)

[ˈdɑ̝mɑ̝s̠ko̞s̠]


Damasc

Borrowed from Latin Damascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from a Semitic form akin to Hebrew דַּמֶּשֶׂק.

cog

Hebrew דַּמֶּשֶׂק


حمص

ar-proper noun

حِمْص • (ḥimṣ) f

حِمْص (canonical)
ḥimṣ (romanization)
حِمْص (definite diptote informal singular)
حِمْصُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
حِمْصَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
حِمْصَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Ancient Greek: Χέμψ (Khémps)

→ Ottoman Turkish: حمص (Hıms)

From جُنْد حِمْص, “the military district or legion of Ḥims”, from Ancient Greek Ἔμεσᾰ (Émesă), descendant of Aramaic חֲמָת (ḥamāth, “fortress”, literally “frustration, hindrance”) + צובָא (ṣōwḇā, “near, surrounding, station”).


حمص

head

حمص • (ḥumṣ)

Turkish: Humus

Compare Modern Standard Arabic حِمْص (ḥimṣ).


حمص

Hıms (romanization)
vulg. Hams (romanization)


حلب

ar-proper noun

حَلَب • (ḥalab) f

حَلَب (canonical)
ḥalab (romanization)
حَلَب (definite diptote informal singular)
حَلَبُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
حَلَبَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
حَلَبَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Avar: Хӏалаб (Ḥʳalab)

→ Azerbaijani: Hələb

→ Bengali: হলব (holob)

→ Chagatai: حلب

Uyghur: ھەلەب (heleb)

Uzbek: Halab

→ Central Kurdish: حەلەب (ḧeleb)

→ Chechen: Хьалаб (Ḥʳalab)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: हलब (halab)

Urdu: حَلَب (halab)

→ Northern Kurdish: Heleb

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: حلب (Haleb, vulg. Halep)
Turkish: Halep
→ Albanian: Halepi
→ Armenian: Հալեպ (Halep)
→ Greek: Χαλέπι (Chalépi)
→ French: Alep
→ Italian: Aleppo
→ Danish: Aleppo
→ Dutch: Aleppo
→ English: Aleppo
→ Finnish: Aleppo
→ German: Aleppo
→ Norwegian: Aleppo
→ Polish: Aleppo
→ Russian: Алеппо (Aleppo)
→ Swedish: Aleppo
→ Ukrainian: Алеппо (Aleppo)

→ Pashto: حلب (haláb)

→ Persian: حلب (halab)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹਲਬ (halab)

Shahmukhi script: حَلَب (ḥalab)

→ Sindhi: حلب

→ Turkmen: Halap

Perhaps from the root ح ل ب (ḥ l b), coming from the ancient tradition that Abraham gave milk to travelers as they moved throughout the region.

ar-root

ح ل ب (ḥ l b)

Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo governorate, Syria)


حلب

حَلَب (canonical)
Haleb (romanization)
vulg. Halep (romanization)

Turkish: Halep

→ Albanian: Halepi

→ Armenian: Հալեպ (Halep)

→ Greek: Χαλέπι (Chalépi)

→ French: Alep

desctree

→ Italian: Aleppo
→ Danish: Aleppo
→ Dutch: Aleppo
→ English: Aleppo
→ Finnish: Aleppo
→ German: Aleppo
→ Norwegian: Aleppo
→ Polish: Aleppo
→ Russian: Алеппо (Aleppo)
→ Swedish: Aleppo
→ Ukrainian: Алеппо (Aleppo)


حلب

head

حَلَب • (haláb)

ps-proper noun

حَلَب • (haláb)


حلب

هست در دیدهام خیال لبت
همچو شکر بشیشههای حلب

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 111:

Fantasies of your lips are in my eyes,
Like sugar in Aleppo glass.

hast dar dīda'am xayāl-i labat
hamčū šikar ba-šīša-hā-yi halab


حلب

pa-proper noun

حَلَب • (ḥalab) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਹਲਬ)

حَلَب (canonical)
ḥalab (romanization)
ਹਲਬ (Gurmukhi)


حلب

حَلَب (canonical)
halab (romanization)
हलब (Hindi)


الهلال الخصيب

ar-proper noun

الْهِلَال الْخَصِيب

الْهِلَال الْخَصِيب • (al-hilāl al-ḵaṣīb) m

الْهِلَال الْخَصِيب (canonical)
al-hilāl al-ḵaṣīb (romanization)
الْهِلَال الْخَصِيب (definite informal singular triptote)
الْهِلَالُ الْخَصِيبُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْهِلَالَ الْخَصِيبَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْهِلَالِ الْخَصِيبِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
هِلَال الْخَصِيب (alternative)


Асирија

Аси́рија (canonical feminine)
Asírija (romanization)
Асирија (nominative singular)
Асирије (genitive singular)
Асирији (dative singular)
Асирију (accusative singular)
Асиријо (singular vocative)
Асирији (locative singular)
Асиријом (instrumental singular)


Dəməşq

Dəməşq (nominative singular)
Dəməşqlər (nominative plural)
Dəməşqi (accusative definite singular)
Dəməşqləri (accusative definite plural)
Dəməşqə (dative singular)
Dəməşqlərə (dative plural)
Dəməşqdə (locative singular)
Dəməşqlərdə (locative plural)
Dəməşqdən (ablative singular)
Dəməşqlərdən (ablative plural)
Dəməşqin (definite genitive singular)
Dəməşqlərin (definite genitive plural)
Dəməşqim (first-person nominative possessed-single possessive singular)
Dəməşqlərim (first-person nominative possessed-many possessive singular)
Dəməşqin (nominative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Dəməşqlərin (nominative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
Dəməşqi (nominative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Dəməşqləri (nominative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
Dəməşqimiz (first-person nominative plural possessed-single possessive)
Dəməşqlərimiz (first-person nominative plural possessed-many possessive)
Dəməşqiniz (nominative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Dəməşqləriniz (nominative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
Dəməşqi (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Dəməşqləri (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Dəməşqləri (nominative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
Dəməşqimi (accusative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Dəməşqlərimi (accusative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
Dəməşqini (accusative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Dəməşqlərini (accusative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
Dəməşqini (accusative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Dəməşqlərini (accusative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
Dəməşqimizi (accusative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Dəməşqlərimizi (accusative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
Dəməşqinizi (accusative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Dəməşqlərinizi (accusative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
Dəməşqini (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Dəməşqlərini (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Dəməşqlərini (accusative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
Dəməşqimə (dative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Dəməşqlərimə (dative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
Dəməşqinə (dative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Dəməşqlərinə (dative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
Dəməşqinə (dative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Dəməşqlərinə (dative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
Dəməşqimizə (dative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Dəməşqlərimizə (dative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
Dəməşqinizə (dative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Dəməşqlərinizə (dative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
Dəməşqinə (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Dəməşqlərinə (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Dəməşqlərinə (dative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
Dəməşqimdə (first-person locative possessed-single possessive singular)
Dəməşqlərimdə (first-person locative possessed-many possessive singular)
Dəməşqində (locative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Dəməşqlərində (locative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
Dəməşqində (locative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Dəməşqlərində (locative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
Dəməşqimizdə (first-person locative plural possessed-single possessive)
Dəməşqlərimizdə (first-person locative plural possessed-many possessive)
Dəməşqinizdə (locative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Dəməşqlərinizdə (locative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
Dəməşqində (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Dəməşqlərində (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Dəməşqlərində (locative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
Dəməşqimdən (ablative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Dəməşqlərimdən (ablative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
Dəməşqindən (ablative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Dəməşqlərindən (ablative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
Dəməşqindən (ablative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Dəməşqlərindən (ablative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
Dəməşqimizdən (ablative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Dəməşqlərimizdən (ablative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
Dəməşqinizdən (ablative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Dəməşqlərinizdən (ablative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
Dəməşqindən (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Dəməşqlərindən (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Dəməşqlərindən (ablative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
Dəməşqimin (first-person genitive possessed-single possessive singular)
Dəməşqlərimin (first-person genitive possessed-many possessive singular)
Dəməşqinin (genitive possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Dəməşqlərinin (genitive possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
Dəməşqinin (genitive possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Dəməşqlərinin (genitive possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
Dəməşqimizin (first-person genitive plural possessed-single possessive)
Dəməşqlərimizin (first-person genitive plural possessed-many possessive)
Dəməşqinizin (genitive plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Dəməşqlərinizin (genitive plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
Dəməşqinin (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Dəməşqlərinin (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Dəməşqlərinin (genitive plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Dəməşq Suriya Ərəb Respublikasının paytaxtıdır.

Damascus is the capital city of the Syrian Arab Republic.


Damaisc

an Damaisc (canonical feminine)
na Damaisce (genitive)
Damaisc (indefinite nominative singular)
a Dhamaisc (indefinite singular vocative)
Damaisce (genitive indefinite singular)
Damaisc (dative indefinite singular)
an Damaisc (definite nominative singular)
na Damaisce (definite genitive singular)
leis an Damaisc (dative definite singular)
don Damaisc (dative definite singular)
Damaisc
Dhamaisc
nDamaisc


Palmyra

From Ancient Greek Παλμύρα (Palmúra). For more see Palmyra on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

In the mid-fifth century B.C. Herodotus (1:131; 3.8) mentioned the importance of the cult of Al-Ilât, i.e. Allat, in ancient Arabia. Her sanctuary at Palmyra (Pl. XVII), excavated in the 1970s by the Polish mission, is in the neighborhood of the temple of Baal Shamin and lends a special character to the city's western quarter, in which Arab tribes settled during the second century B.C.

1979, Javier Teixidor, The Pantheon of Palmyra, E. J. Brill, page 53:

The chief man in Palmyra had been charged by Rome to police the trade routes, paying for his militia from his own well-stuffed coffers as befitted a rich man with a civic conscience.

1994, Lindsey Davis, Last Act In Palmyra, Random House, published 2011, page 297:

Edessa lies just under 300 kilometres north of Palmyra as the crow flies, and its Aramaic dialect, known today as Syriac, is closely related to that of Palmyra.

2005, Sebastian P. Brock, “Greek and Latin Words in Palmyrene Inscriptions: A comparison with Syriac”, in Eleonora Cussini, editor, A Journey to Palmyra: Collected Essays to Remember Delbert R. Hillers, E. J. Brill, page 11:

An ancient city, an oasis in the Syrian Desert, in present-day central Syria, recorded historically from around 2000 BCE, subsequently subject to various empires and destroyed in 273 CE and again in 1400, when it was reduced to a village.


Palmyra

de-proper noun

Palmyra n (proper noun, genitive Palmyras or (optionally with an article) Palmyra)

Palmyras (genitive)
Palmyra (genitive with-article)

Palmyra (ancient Semitic city in modern Syria)


Palmyra

la-proper noun

Palmȳra f sg (genitive Palmȳrae); first declension

Palmȳra (canonical feminine singular)
Palmȳrae (genitive)
Palmȳra (nominative singular)
Palmȳrae (genitive singular)
Palmȳrae (dative singular)
Palmȳram (accusative singular)
Palmȳrā (ablative singular)
Palmȳra (singular vocative)
Palmȳrae (locative singular)
Palmīra (alternative)


Kurdisztán

Kurdisztán (nominative singular)
Kurdisztánt (accusative singular)
Kurdisztánnak (dative singular)
Kurdisztánnal (instrumental singular)
Kurdisztánért (causal-final singular)
Kurdisztánná (singular translative)
Kurdisztánig (singular terminative)
Kurdisztánként (essive-formal singular)
Kurdisztánban (inessive singular)
Kurdisztánon (singular superessive)
Kurdisztánnál (adessive singular)
Kurdisztánba (illative singular)
Kurdisztánra (singular sublative)
Kurdisztánhoz (allative singular)
Kurdisztánból (elative singular)
Kurdisztánról (delative singular)
Kurdisztántól (ablative singular)
Kurdisztáné (singular)
Kurdisztánéi (singular)
Kurdisztánom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Kurdisztánod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Kurdisztánja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Kurdisztánunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Kurdisztánotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Kurdisztánjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)


দামেস্ক

head

দামেস্ক • (dameśk)

bn-prop

দামেস্ক • (dameśk)


Palmira

Borrowed from Latin Palmȳra, Palmīra, from Ancient Greek Παλμύρα (Palmúra), Παλμίρα (Palmíra), of uncertain origin.


Mesopotâmia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Μεσοποταμία (Mesopotamía, from μέσος (mésos, “between”) + ποταμός (potamós, “river”)).


Carchemish

/ˈkɑːɹkimɪʃ/

(historical) An ancient city on the Euphrates river in Mesopotamia, on the border between modern Turkey and Syria.


Golan

en-proper noun

Golan (countable and uncountable, plural Golans)

(historical) A city in the Middle East, generally identified with modern-day Sahm el-Jaulān in Daraa governorate, Syria.


大馬士革

ㄉㄚˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄕˋ ㄍㄜˊ

ㄉㄚˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄕˋ ㄍㄜˊ

/tä⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ kɤ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² maː¹³ siː²² kaːk̚³/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ma²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵ ki̯et̚²/

dai⁵ ma³ so⁵ geh⁶ [Phonetic:dai⁵ ma² so⁴ geh⁶]

/tai¹¹ ma⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ɬo¹¹⁻⁴² kɛʔ²¹/

/tai²¹ ma³³²⁻²⁴ ɬo²¹⁻⁴² kɛʔ²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su³³⁻²¹ kiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su³³⁻¹¹ kiɪk̚³²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²⁻²¹ kiɪk̚³²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ²² kiak̚⁵/

/tä⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ kɤ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² maː¹³ siː²² kaːk̚³/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ma²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵ ki̯et̚²/

/tai¹¹ ma⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ɬo¹¹⁻⁴² kɛʔ²¹/

/tai²¹ ma³³²⁻²⁴ ɬo²¹⁻⁴² kɛʔ²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su³³⁻²¹ kiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su³³⁻¹¹ kiɪk̚³²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su²²⁻²¹ kiɪk̚³²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ²² kiak̚⁵/

1839, 救世主耶穌新遺詔書, volume 聖差言行傳, Singapore: 堅夏書院, 第九章, page 16:

And Saul, yet breathing out threatenings and slaughter against the disciples of the Lord, went unto the high priest, [a]nd desired of him letters to Damascus to the synagogues, that if he found any of this way, whether they were men or women, he might bring them bound unto Jerusalem. And as he journeyed, he came near Damascus: and suddenly there shined round about him a light from heaven: And he fell to the earth, and heard a voice saying unto him, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me?

Qiě Sǎoluó shàng kǒu chū wēi yán, xià shā jiùzhǔ zhī ménshēng, nǎi yèjiàn jìsī yuánkuí, qiú wénshū, wǎng Dàmǎshìgé, rù zhū gōngtáng, ruò yù xìn cǐ dào zhī rén, huò nán huò nǚ, kě jū jiè dào Yēlùsǎlěng yǐ. Zhèng xíng zhījiān, jìng wàng Dàmǎshìgé, hūrán tiān fā jù guāng, zhōuwéi zhào yì, sǎoluó suì dǎodì, wén shēng. Yún, Sǎoluó Sǎoluó, yīnhé bǔ hài wǒ.

且掃羅尚口出威言，嚇殺救主之門生，乃謁見祭司元魁，求文書，往大馬士革，入諸公堂，若遇信此道之人，或男或女，可拘解到耶路撒冷矣。正行之間，竟望大馬士革，忽然天發巨光，周圍照熠，掃羅遂倒地，聞聲。云，掃羅掃羅，因何捕害我。

且扫罗尚口出威言，吓杀救主之门生，乃谒见祭司元魁，求文书，往大马士革，入诸公堂，若遇信此道之人，或男或女，可拘解到耶路撒冷矣。正行之间，竟望大马士革，忽然天发巨光，周围照熠，扫罗遂倒地，闻声。云，扫罗扫罗，因何捕害我。


Курдистан

ru-proper noun+

Курдиста́н • (Kurdistán) m inan (genitive Курдиста́на)

Курдиста́н (canonical)
Kurdistán (romanization)
Курдиста́на (genitive)
Курдиста́н (nominative singular)
Курдиста́на (genitive singular)
Курдиста́ну (dative singular)
Курдиста́н (accusative singular)
Курдиста́ном (instrumental singular)
Курдиста́не (prepositional singular)


Курдистан

Ку̏рдистан (canonical masculine)
Kȕrdistan (romanization)
Курдистан (nominative singular)
Курдистана (genitive singular)
Курдистану (dative singular)
Курдистан (accusative singular)
Курдистане (singular vocative)
Курдистану (locative singular)
Курдистаном (instrumental singular)


Orontes

de-proper noun

der Orontes m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Orontes)

der Orontes (canonical masculine)
des Orontes (definite genitive)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὀρόντης (Oróntēs).

bor+

Orontes (a river in Lebanon, Syria and Turkey)


Tygrys

Tygrys (nominative singular)
Tygrysu (genitive singular)
Tygrysowi (dative singular)
Tygrys (accusative singular)
Tygrysem (instrumental singular)
Tygrysie (locative singular)
Tygrysie (singular vocative)

Tigris (a river in Iraq, Syria and Turkey)


ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ

aii-proper-noun

ܒܹܝܬ ܢܲܗܪܝܼܢ

ܒܹܝܬ ܢܲܗܪܝܼܢ • (bēt nahrīn) f

ܒܹܝܬ ܢܲܗܪܝܼܢ (canonical)
bēt nahrīn (romanization)
ܒܹܝܬ݂ܢܲܗܪܝܼܢ (alternative)
ܒܹܝܬ݂ܢܲܗܪ̈ܝܼܢ (alternative)
ܒܹܝܬ݂ ܢܲܗܪ̈ܝܼܢ (alternative)
ܒܹܝܬ݂ ܢܲܗܪ̈ܲܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ (alternative)
ܒܹܝܬ݂ܢܲܗܪ̈ܲܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Classical Syriac ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ (bēṯ nahrīn), ܒܝܬ (bêṯ, “between”) (contraction of ܒܝܢܬ (baynāṯ)) + ܢܗܪܝܢ (nahrīn, “rivers”) (the absolute plural form of ܢܗܪܐ (nahrā)), referring to the Tigris and Euphrates, Literally, “between the rivers”, although the term encompasses land around the rivers as well.


ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ

head

ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ • (bēṯ nahrīn) f

bēṯ nahrīn (romanization)
ܒܝܬܢܗܪܝܢ (alternative)

From ܒܹܝܬ (bēṯ, “between”) + ܢܲܗܪܝܼܢ (nahrīn, “rivers”), literally “between the (two) rivers”, referring to the Tigris and Euphrates.


Aram

General American, Mary–marry–merry merger

From Latin Aram, from Biblical Hebrew אֲרַם (ʾăram).

(biblical) A historical region mentioned in the Bible, located in modern Syria as well as parts of Iraq, Lebanon and southeastern Turkey; inhabited by Aramaeans.

آرام

a Biblical region located in modern Syria


Aram

Yakub melarikan diri ke tanah Aram, dan Israel memperhambakan diri untuk mendapat isteri, ya, untuk mendapat isteri ia menjadi gembala.

1985, Alkitab Bahasa Indonesia Sehari-hari (BIS), Kitab Hosea 12:12:

Jacob fled to the land of Aram, and Israel worked for a wife, and for a wife he kept sheep.

(biblical) Aram (a historical region mentioned in the Bible, located in modern Syria as well as parts of Iraq, Lebanon and southeastern Turkey; inhabited by Aramaeans)


Aram

Fugit Iacob in regionem Aram; et servivit Israel pro uxore et pro uxore custos fuit.

1979, Nova Vulgata Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio, Prophetia Osee 12:12:


ܐܬܪܐ

aii-proper-noun

ܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ • (aṯrā) m or f

Inherited from Aramaic אַתְרָא (ʾaṯrā, “country; idem”), from Proto-Semitic *ʔaṯar-; cognate to Hebrew אֲשֶׁר (ashér, relative pronoun), אֲתָר (atár, “site”), Ge'ez አሰር (ʾäsär), አሠር (ʾäśär, “trace, vestige; way, road; relic”), Arabic أَثَر (ʔaṯar, “trace, vestige, impression, relic”) and Akkadian 𒆠 (ašrum, “place, site”). Also related to the preposition ܒܵܬ݂ܲܪ (bāṯar, “behind, after”).

cog

ܒܸܬ ܚܵܙܩܲܚ ܡܸܢ݇ܕܪܹܝܫ݇ ܠܐܲܬ݂ܪܵܐ ܒܢܝܼܣܵܢ.

(by extension, popular) Assyria, the Assyrian homeland (a geographic region of Iraq, Turkey, Iran and Syria, in the Middle East)


𐍃𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌰

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Συρία (Suría).

Syria (a geographic region consisting of two provinces of the Roman Empire in Western Asia, Coele Syria and Syria Phoenice, approximately corresponding to modern Syria)


Димишқ

head

Димишқ • (Dimišq) (Persian spelling دمشق)

Dimišq (romanization)
spelling دمشق (Persian)

Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)


Mayer

* As an English surname, variant of Mear, from the noun mere (both senses).
* Also as an English surname, from Middle English mire, a borrowing from archaic French mire (“physician”). Compare Myer.
* Also as an English name, from the noun mayor. Compare Mayor, Mair.
* As a German and Dutch surname, variant of Meyer, Myers.
* Also as a Dutch surname, variant of Maijer, from the noun maaier (“mower, reaper”).
* As a French Canadian surname, variant of Maille, itself of Breton origin, from the adjective maget (“nourished”), from Proto-Celtic *maketi (“to raise”), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂ḱ- (“long, to raise”).


Bablóinia

An Bhablóinia (canonical feminine)
na Bablóinia (genitive)
Bablóinia (indefinite nominative singular)
a Bhablóinia (indefinite singular vocative)
Bablóinia (genitive indefinite singular)
Bablóinia (dative indefinite singular)
an Bhablóinia (definite nominative singular)
na Bablóinia (definite genitive singular)
leis an mBablóinia (dative definite singular)
don Bhablóinia (dative definite singular)
Bablóinia
Bhablóinia
mBablóinia

Borrowed from Latin Babylōnia, from Ancient Greek Βαβυλωνία (Babulōnía).

Babylonia (an ancient empire and geographic region of Mesopotamia, existing from 1850 BCE to 539 BCE, based around the city of Babylon; at its maximum extent, covering parts of modern-day Iraq, Kuwait, Syria and Iran)


تدمر

تَدْمُر (canonical)
tadmur (romanization)

Palmyra, an ancient city in the Syrian Desert, in present-day central Syria, recorded historically from around 2000 BCE.


𐎠𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠

a-θ-u-r-a (romanization)
aθurā (romanization)

→ Egyptian:

Latin script: A-SA-wA-rw:xAst (ꜣšꜣwꜣrw)

From Proto-Iranian *AcuraH, itself from Akkadian 𒀸𒋩𒆠 (Aššūr, “Assur”).


Assíria

Learned borrowing from Latin Assyria, from Ancient Greek Ἀσσυρία (Assuría), from Akkadian 𒀸𒋗𒁺𐎹 (Aššūrāyu), from 𒀸𒋩 (Aššur, “Assur”), its original capital.


Homs

From a variant romanization of North Levantine Arabic حمص (Ḥumṣ), from Arabic حِمْص (Ḥims), ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἔμεσᾰ (Émesă), ultimately from Aramaic חֲמָת (Ḥamāth, “hindrance, frustration, fortress”) + צובָא (Ṣōwḇā, “near, surrounding, station”). Doublet of Emesa.

Hems (alternative dated)
Hums (alternative dated)


Homs

cs-proper noun

Homs m inan (relational adjective homský, demonym Homsan, female demonym Homsanka)

homský (adjective relational)
Homsan (demonym)
Homsanka (demonym feminine)


Homs

de-proper noun

Homs n (proper noun, genitive Homs' or (with an article) Homs)


ალეპო

aleṗo (romanization)
ალეპო (nominative singular)
ალეპომ (ergative singular)
ალეპოს (dative singular)
ალეპოს (dative singular)
ალეპოსაs) (dative singular)
ალეპოსაsa) (dative singular)
ალეპოს (genitive singular)
ალეპოს (genitive singular)
ალეპოსაs) (genitive singular)
ალეპოსაsa) (genitive singular)
ალეპოთ (instrumental singular)
ალეპოთ (instrumental singular)
ალეპოთაt) (instrumental singular)
ალეპოთაta) (instrumental singular)
ალეპოდ (adverbial singular)
ალეპოდ (adverbial singular)
ალეპოდაd) (adverbial singular)
ალეპოდაda) (adverbial singular)
ალეპოვ (singular vocative)
ალეპოზე (singular)
ალეპოსთან (singular)
ალეპოში (singular)
ალეპოსავით (singular)
ალეპოსთვის (singular)
ალეპოსებრ (singular)
ალეპოსკენ (singular)
ალეპოსგან (singular)
ალეპოსადმი (singular)
ალეპოდან (singular)
ალეპოთურთ (singular)
ალეპომდე (singular)


დამასკო

damasḳo (romanization)
დამასკო (nominative singular)
დამასკომ (ergative singular)
დამასკოს (dative singular)
დამასკოს (dative singular)
დამასკოსაs) (dative singular)
დამასკოსაsa) (dative singular)
დამასკოს (genitive singular)
დამასკოს (genitive singular)
დამასკოსაs) (genitive singular)
დამასკოსაsa) (genitive singular)
დამასკოთ (instrumental singular)
დამასკოთ (instrumental singular)
დამასკოთაt) (instrumental singular)
დამასკოთაta) (instrumental singular)
დამასკოდ (adverbial singular)
დამასკოდ (adverbial singular)
დამასკოდაd) (adverbial singular)
დამასკოდაda) (adverbial singular)
დამასკოვ (singular vocative)
დამასკოზე (singular)
დამასკოსთან (singular)
დამასკოში (singular)
დამასკოსავით (singular)
დამასკოსთვის (singular)
დამასკოსებრ (singular)
დამასკოსკენ (singular)
დამასკოსგან (singular)
დამასკოსადმი (singular)
დამასკოდან (singular)
დამასკოთურთ (singular)
დამასკომდე (singular)


Mesópótamía

is-proper noun

Mesópótamía f (proper noun, genitive singular Mesópótamíu)

Mesópótamíu (genitive singular)
Mesópótamía (indefinite nominative singular)
Mesópótamíu (accusative indefinite singular)
Mesópótamíu (dative indefinite singular)
Mesópótamíu (genitive indefinite singular)

Borrowed from Classical Latin Mesopotamia.

bor+

Mesopotamia (a geographic region in southwest Asia, spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, located in modern Iraq, eastern Syria, and southeast Turkey; the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man)


Asiria

Assyria (an ancient Semitic Akkadian kingdom and at times an empire, extant from the mid-23rd century BCE to 608 BCE and centred on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq, but at its maximum extent including parts of modern Iran, Syria, Israel, Palestine and Egypt))


Asiria

Nem bilong namba 3 wara em Taigris na em i ran i go long hap sankamap bilong kantri Asiria. Na nem bilong namba 4 wara em Yufretis.

1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:14:


bbr

b-b-r:Z1-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

x:z-d:N33A-b-nfr-n-b-b-r:Z1-N25
ḫsbd nfr n(j) bbr

c. 1439 BCE, Annals of Thutmose III, year 40 inscription, list of tribute from Assur


Kurdistāna

Kurdistāna (nominative singular)
Kurdistānas (genitive singular)
Kurdistānai (dative singular)
Kurdistānu (accusative singular)
Kurdistānu (instrumental singular)
Kurdistānā (locative singular)
Kurdistāna (singular vocative)

Kurdistan (a cultural region in Western Asia inhabited mostly by the Kurds, encompassing parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria)


Asyria

Asyria (nominative singular)
Asyrii (genitive singular)
Asyrii (dative singular)
Asyrię (accusative singular)
Asyrią (instrumental singular)
Asyrii (locative singular)
Asyrio (singular vocative)


Ассирия

ru-proper noun+

ассири́йский

Асси́рия • (Assírija) f inan (genitive Асси́рии, relational adjective ассири́йский)

Асси́рия (canonical)
Assírija (romanization)
Асси́рии (genitive)
ассири́йский (adjective relational)
Асси́рия (nominative singular)
Асси́рии (genitive singular)
Асси́рии (dative singular)
Асси́рию (accusative singular)
Асси́рией (instrumental singular)
Асси́риею (instrumental singular)
Асси́рии (prepositional singular)
Ассі́рія (alternative)
Асси́рія (alternative)

[ɐˈsʲirʲɪjə]


Damascene

la-proper noun

Damascēnē f sg (genitive Damascēnēs); first declension

Damascēnē (canonical feminine singular)
Damascēnēs (genitive)
Damascēnē (nominative singular)
Damascēnēs (genitive singular)
Damascēnae (dative singular)
Damascēnēn (accusative singular)
Damascēnē (ablative singular)
Damascēnē (singular vocative)
Damascēnēs (locative singular)

alternative form of Damascēna (“Damascene (a region of Syria)”)


Latakia

/ˌlætəˈkiːə/

A city in Syria, on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.


Latakia

Lataquia (alternative)
Latáquia (alternative)


Yarmouk

A river in Jordan, Syria and Israel, the largest tributary of the Jordan River.


اليرموك

ar-proper noun

اليَرْمُوك • (al-yarmūk) m

اليَرْمُوك (canonical)
al-yarmūk (romanization)
الْيَرْمُوك (definite informal singular triptote)
الْيَرْمُوكُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْيَرْمُوكَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْيَرْمُوكِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

نَهْر اليَرْمُوك

Yarmouk (a river in Jordan, Syria and Israel, the largest tributary of the Jordan River)


Curdistão

[kuɦ.d͡ʒisˈtɐ̃ʊ̯̃]

[kuɦ.d͡ʒisˈtɐ̃ʊ̯̃]

[kuɾ.d͡ʒisˈtɐ̃ʊ̯̃]

[kuʁ.d͡ʒiʃˈtɐ̃ʊ̯̃]

[kuɻ.d͡ʒisˈtɐ̃ʊ̯̃]


חאלב

he-proper noun

חַאלַבּ • (khálab)

חַאלַבּ (canonical)
khálab (romanization)
חַלַבּ (alternative)

Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo Governorate, Syria)


Babylonien

de-proper noun

Babylonien n (proper noun, strong, genitive Babyloniens)


Arethusa

la-proper noun

Arethūsa f (genitive Arethūsae); first declension

Arethūsa (canonical feminine)
Arethūsae (genitive)
Arethūsa (nominative singular)
Arethūsae (genitive singular)
Arethūsae (dative singular)
Arethūsam (accusative singular)
Arethūsā (ablative singular)
Arethūsa (singular vocative)
Arethūsae (locative singular)

Translingual: Arethusa

From Ancient Greek Ἀρέθουσα (Aréthousa).

a city in Syria situated between Epiphania and Emesa


Lưỡng Hà

[lɨəŋ˦ˀ˥ haː˨˩]

[lɨəŋ˧˨ haː˦˩]

[lɨəŋ˨˩˦ haː˨˩]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 兩河, composed of 兩 (“two, double”) and 河 (“river”).


Đa-mát

[ʔɗaː˧˧ maːt̚˧˦]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ maːk̚˦˧˥]

[ʔɗaː˧˧ maːk̚˦˥]


美索不達米亞

ㄇㄟˇ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄚˊ ㄇㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

ㄇㄟˇ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄚˊ ㄇㄧˇ ㄧㄚˋ

Мэйсобудамия

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ tä³⁵ mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä⁵¹/

/mei̯¹³ sɔːk̚³ pɐt̚⁵ taːt̚² mɐi̯¹³ aː³³/


新月沃土

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄩㄝˋ ㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄨˇ

ㄒㄧㄣ ㄩㄝˋ ㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄨˇ

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ wɔ⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ wɔ⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Fertile Crescent (a crescent-shaped geographic region of fertile land in the Middle East in Western Asia, stretching from present-day Iraq through eastern Turkey to Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and Palestine)


معان

ar-proper noun

مَعَان • (maʕān) ?

ar:معان
ar:معان (حماة)
ar:معان (محافظة)

Ma'an (a town in Hama governorate, Syria)


Asýrie

cs-proper noun

Asýrie f (relational adjective asyrský, demonym Asyřan)

asyrský (adjective relational)
Asyřan (demonym)
Asýrie (nominative singular)
Asýrie (genitive singular)
Asýrii (dative singular)
Asýrii (accusative singular)
Asýrie (singular vocative)
Asýrii (locative singular)
Asýrií (instrumental singular)
Assyrie (alternative)


Babylónie

Babylónie f (relational adjective babylónský, demonym Babylón or Babylóňan)

babylónský (adjective relational)
Babylón (demonym)
Babylóňan (demonym)
Babylónie (nominative singular)
Babylónie (genitive singular)
Babylónii (dative singular)
Babylónii (accusative singular)
Babylónie (singular vocative)
Babylónii (locative singular)
Babylónií (instrumental singular)
Babylonie (alternative)


Mezopotámie

Mezopotámie f (relational adjective mezopotamský)

mezopotamský (adjective relational)
Mezopotámie (nominative singular)
Mezopotámie (genitive singular)
Mezopotámii (dative singular)
Mezopotámii (accusative singular)
Mezopotámie (singular vocative)
Mezopotámii (locative singular)
Mezopotámií (instrumental singular)
Mesopotamie (alternative)


Mezopotamija

sh-proper noun

Mezopotȃmija f (Cyrillic spelling Мезопота̑мија)

Mezopotȃmija (canonical feminine)
Мезопота̑мија (Cyrillic)
Mezopotamija (nominative singular)
Mezopotamije (genitive singular)
Mezopotamiji (dative singular)
Mezopotamiju (accusative singular)
Mezopotamijo (singular vocative)
Mezopotamija (singular vocative)
Mezopotamiji (locative singular)
Mezopotamijom (instrumental singular)


Мезопотамија

Мезопота̑мија

Мезопота̑мија f (Latin spelling Mezopotȃmija)

Мезопота̑мија (canonical feminine)
Mezopotȃmija (romanization)
Мезопотамија (nominative singular)
Мезопотамије (genitive singular)
Мезопотамији (dative singular)
Мезопотамију (accusative singular)
Мезопотамијо (singular vocative)
Мезопотамија (singular vocative)
Мезопотамији (locative singular)
Мезопотамијом (instrumental singular)

sh-decl-noun-unc

Мезопотамија

Мезопотамије

Мезопотамији

Мезопотамију

Мезопотамијо / Мезопотамија

Мезопотамији

Мезопотамијом

Ме зо по та ми ја


Ἀβιληνή

grc-proper noun

Ἀβιληνή • (Abilēnḗ) f (genitive Ἀβιληνῆς); first declension

Abilēnḗ (romanization)
Ἀβιληνῆς (genitive)
ἡ Ἀβιληνή (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀβιληνῆς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀβιληνῇ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἀβιληνήν (accusative singular)
Ἀβιληνή (singular vocative)

Ἐν ἔτει δὲ πεντεκαιδεκάτῳ τῆς ἡγεμονίας Τιβερίου Καίσαρος, ἡγεμονεύοντος Ποντίου Πιλάτου τῆς Ἰουδαίας, καὶ τετραρχοῦντος τῆς Γαλιλαίας Ἡρῴδου, Φιλίππου δὲ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ τετραρχοῦντος τῆς Ἰτουραίας καὶ Τραχωνίτιδος χώρας, καὶ Λυσανίου τῆς Ἀβιληνῆς τετραρχοῦντος, […]

Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, Pontius Pilate being governor of Judaea, and Herod being tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip tetrarch of Ituraea and of the region of Trachonitis, and Lysanias the tetrarch of Abilene, […] (KJV)


حماة

ar-proper noun

حَمَاة • (ḥamāh) f

حَمَاة (canonical)
ḥamāh (romanization)
حَمَاة (ar-infl-ah definite diptote informal singular)
حَمَاةُ (ar-infl-ah definite diptote nominative singular)
حَمَاةَ (accusative ar-infl-ah definite diptote singular)
حَمَاةَ (ar-infl-ah definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Classical Persian: حَمَات (hamāt)

Dari: حَمَات (hamāt)

Iranian Persian: حَمات (hamât)

Tajik: Ҳамот (Hamot)

→ Ottoman Turkish: حَمات (Hamât)

Turkish: Hamat


بابل

بَابِل • (bābil) f

بَابِل (canonical)
bābil (romanization)
بَابِل (definite diptote informal singular)
بَابِلُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَابِلَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَابِلَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

From Aramaic ܒܒܠ/ܒܒܝܠ (bāḇel/bāḇēl), from Akkadian 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 (Bābilim, “Babylon”, literally “gate of god”).


بابل

head

بابل • (Bābil)

ota-proper noun

بابل • (Bābil)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بَابِل (bābil), from Arabic بَابِل (bābil).


بابل

head

بابل • (bâbel)

fa-proper noun

بابل • (bâbel)


Rojava

A de facto autonomous region in northern and northeastern Syria populated mainly by Kurds.


Arã

Aram (a historical region mentioned in the Bible, located in modern Syria as well as parts of Iraq, Lebanon and southeastern Turkey; inhabited by Aramaeans)


Hermon

Mount Hermon (a mountain on the border between Israel, Syria and Lebanon)


ܐܬܘܪ

aii-proper-noun

ܐܵܬ݂ܘܿܪ • (āṯōr) f

Learned borrowing from Classical Syriac ܐܬܘܪ, from Aramaic אתור, from Akkadian 𒀸𒋩𒆠 (Aššūr) with a shift from /š/ to /θ/. Doublet of ܐܵܫܘܿܪ (āšōr) and ܣܘܼܪܝܼܵܐ (sūrīyā, “Syria”).


Mesopotàmia

Borrowed from Latin Mesopotamia, from Ancient Greek Μεσοποταμία (Mesopotamía).


בבֿל

bor

Hebrew בָּבֶל


حمات

head

حَمات • (Hamât)

ota-proper noun

حَمات • (Hamât)

Turkish: Hamat


حمات

head

حمات • (hamât)

fa-proper noun

حمات • (hamât)

Borrowed from Arabic حَمَاة (ḥamāh).
Compare Persian هَرات (harât), from Arabic هَرَاة (harāh) (itself from Middle Persian [Term?] (/harēw/)).

حمات

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


Emesene

de-proper noun

die Emesene f (proper noun, usually definite, definite genitive der Emesene)

die Emesene (canonical feminine)
der Emesene (definite genitive)
Emesene (definite nominative singular)
Emesene (definite genitive singular)
Emesene (dative definite singular)
Emesene (accusative definite singular)

Das Umland war zwar arm [...], doch Palmyra konnte aufgrund seiner außergewöhlichen Lage die gesamte syrische Wüste zwischen der Emesene und dem Euphrat mit seinen Reitern kontrollieren und in diesem Gebiet die Sicherheit der Reisenden gewährleisten.

2001, Rom und das Reich in der Hohen Kaiserzeit, page 421:

Emesene (ancient region in modern Syria, surrounding Emesa (modern Homs))


חרמון

he-proper noun

חֶרְמוֹן • (khermón) [pattern: קִטְלוֹן]

חֶרְמוֹן (canonical)
khermón (romanization)


Asi

der

Arabic الْعَاصِي (al-ʕāṣī)

the Orontes (a river in Lebanon, Syria and Turkey).


Asi

Asi (nominative singular)
Asilər (nominative plural)
Asini (accusative definite singular)
Asiləri (accusative definite plural)
Asiyə (dative singular)
Asilərə (dative plural)
Asidə (locative singular)
Asilərdə (locative plural)
Asidən (ablative singular)
Asilərdən (ablative plural)
Asinin (definite genitive singular)
Asilərin (definite genitive plural)
Asim (first-person nominative possessive singular)
Asilərim (first-person nominative possessive singular)
Asin (nominative possessive second-person singular)
Asilərin (nominative possessive second-person singular)
Asisi (nominative possessive singular third-person)
Asiləri (nominative possessive singular third-person)
Asimiz (first-person nominative plural possessive)
Asilərimiz (first-person nominative plural possessive)
Asiniz (nominative plural possessive second-person)
Asiləriniz (nominative plural possessive second-person)
Asisi (nominative plural possessive third-person)
Asiləri (nominative plural possessive third-person)
Asimi (accusative first-person possessive singular)
Asilərimi (accusative first-person possessive singular)
Asini (accusative possessive second-person singular)
Asilərini (accusative possessive second-person singular)
Asisini (accusative possessive singular third-person)
Asilərini (accusative possessive singular third-person)
Asimizi (accusative first-person plural possessive)
Asilərimizi (accusative first-person plural possessive)
Asinizi (accusative plural possessive second-person)
Asilərinizi (accusative plural possessive second-person)
Asisini (accusative plural possessive third-person)
Asilərini (accusative plural possessive third-person)
Asimə (dative first-person possessive singular)
Asilərimə (dative first-person possessive singular)
Asinə (dative possessive second-person singular)
Asilərinə (dative possessive second-person singular)
Asisinə (dative possessive singular third-person)
Asilərinə (dative possessive singular third-person)
Asimizə (dative first-person plural possessive)
Asilərimizə (dative first-person plural possessive)
Asinizə (dative plural possessive second-person)
Asilərinizə (dative plural possessive second-person)
Asisinə (dative plural possessive third-person)
Asilərinə (dative plural possessive third-person)
Asimdə (first-person locative possessive singular)
Asilərimdə (first-person locative possessive singular)
Asində (locative possessive second-person singular)
Asilərində (locative possessive second-person singular)
Asisində (locative possessive singular third-person)
Asilərində (locative possessive singular third-person)
Asimizdə (first-person locative plural possessive)
Asilərimizdə (first-person locative plural possessive)
Asinizdə (locative plural possessive second-person)
Asilərinizdə (locative plural possessive second-person)
Asisində (locative plural possessive third-person)
Asilərində (locative plural possessive third-person)
Asimdən (ablative first-person possessive singular)
Asilərimdən (ablative first-person possessive singular)
Asindən (ablative possessive second-person singular)
Asilərindən (ablative possessive second-person singular)
Asisindən (ablative possessive singular third-person)
Asilərindən (ablative possessive singular third-person)
Asimizdən (ablative first-person plural possessive)
Asilərimizdən (ablative first-person plural possessive)
Asinizdən (ablative plural possessive second-person)
Asilərinizdən (ablative plural possessive second-person)
Asisindən (ablative plural possessive third-person)
Asilərindən (ablative plural possessive third-person)
Asimin (first-person genitive possessive singular)
Asilərimin (first-person genitive possessive singular)
Asinin (genitive possessive second-person singular)
Asilərinin (genitive possessive second-person singular)
Asisinin (genitive possessive singular third-person)
Asilərinin (genitive possessive singular third-person)
Asimizin (first-person genitive plural possessive)
Asilərimizin (first-person genitive plural possessive)
Asinizin (genitive plural possessive second-person)
Asilərinizin (genitive plural possessive second-person)
Asisinin (genitive plural possessive third-person)
Asilərinin (genitive plural possessive third-person)

Arabic الْعَاصِي (al-ʕāṣī)

the Orontes (a river in Lebanon, Syria and Turkey)


Asi

Arabic الْعَاصِي (al-ʕāṣī)


阿勒頗

/ˀä⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ lɐk̚² pʰɔː³⁵/

/aː³³ laːk̚² pʰɔː³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ lɐk̚² pʰɔː³⁵/

/aː³³ laːk̚² pʰɔː³⁵/


ϯⲥⲩⲣⲓⲁ

Aramaea/Aramea, Syria (an ancient Aramaic-speaking region in modern Syria and northern Israel)


Euphrat

de-proper noun

der Euphrat m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Euphrat or des Euphrats)

der Euphrat (canonical masculine)
des Euphrat (definite genitive)
des Euphrats (definite genitive)

From Ancient Greek Εὐφράτης (Euphrátēs), from Old Persian 𐎢𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎬𐎢 (ʰUfrātuš).

Euphrates (a river in Iraq, Syria and Turkey in Mesopotamia)


דמשׂק

der

Hebrew דַּמֶּשֶׂק

Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)


Dura-Europos

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Δοῦρα Εὐρωπός (Doûra Eurōpós).

bor

Δοῦρα Εὐρωπός

Dura Europos (alternative)
Dura-Europus (alternative)
Dura Europus (alternative)

An ancient Hellenistic, Parthian and Roman border city on the bank of the Euphrates in present-day Syria.