Shandong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 山東／山东 (Shāndōng).

We couldn’t solve this problem by the force of one co-op alone, so we united co-ops. But the people were still discussing the best form of agricultural production.
“Then Chairman Mao inspected agriculture in Shandong Province and issued the call for people’s communes, summed up in his slogan, ‘People’s Communes are Fine!’

1975, Janet Goldwasser, Stuart Dowty, quoting Zhou Min-fu, “Agriculture: The Foundation”, in Huan-Ying: Worker's China, Monthly Review Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 99

One train was en route from Beijing to the seaside resort of Qingdao when the accident happened in Zibo, Shandong province. The second train was from the resort of Yantai, in Shandong.

2008 April 28, “Scores dead and hundreds injured in China train collision”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2010-05-04

Rescue workers rushed to save a group of miners trapped after an accident at a coal mine in the eastern province of Shandong late on Saturday, Chinese state media reported Sunday.

2018 October 21, “Chinese rescuers rush to save trapped coal miners”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2018-10-21, News

Beijing is the last stop in Maduro’s China tour, which began in the southern city of Shenzhen and included stops in Shanghai and the eastern Shandong province.[…]
He also visited Mt Taishan, a sacred mountain in the Shandong province, to seek “blessings for Venezuela,” according to a post on his X (formerly Twitter) account.

2023 September 13, “Maduro meets Xi during official China visit”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2023-10-04

A coastal province of China, part of the East China region. Capital: Jinan

Anhui · Fujian · Guangdong · Gansu · Guizhou · Henan · Hubei · Hebei · Hainan · Heilongjiang · Hunan · Jilin · Jiangsu · Jiangxi · Liaoning · Qinghai · Sichuan · Shandong · Shaanxi · Shanxi · Taiwan · Yunnan · Zhejiang

Guangxi · Inner Mongolia · Ningxia · Tibet Autonomous Region · Xinjiang

Beijing · Tianjin · Shanghai · Chongqing


Qingdao

/ˈt͡ʃɪŋˈdaʊ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 青島／靑島／青岛 (Qīngdǎo).

True to its name, Qingdao, the green island as its name literally suggests, is covered by abundant trees - black pines, chinars, gingkos amid the azure sky and sea.
With green and blue as the natural backdrop, red color stands out as the human creation enhancing the charm of Qingdao, as seen from the red-roofed architecture of various European styles erected during the early 20th Century.
With its soaring architectural triumphs, from the glorious Catholic Church to the magnificent Former German Governor's Residence and the avant-garde spectacle of the 2008 Olympic stadium for the sailing regatta, Qingdao is unique.

2007, Susan Hong (梁红) Liang, 邹卫宁 [William Zou], “Overview of Qingdao”, in 青岛旅游指南 [Qingdao] (Travel), Qingdao Publishing House, →OCLC, page 1

Qingdao, a city of more than nine million, is home to China’s North Sea fleet, a marine research academy and China’s main submariners school, which specializes in submarine hunting.

2023 May 10, Christopher F. Schuetze, “Stalled Sister City Plan Reveals New German Wariness of China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-05-10, Europe

A major prefecture-level city and subprovincial city in eastern Shandong, in eastern China, on the Yellow Sea.


Jinan

/ˈd͡ʒiːˌnɑːn/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 濟南／济南 (Jǐnán).

- Woolly hat and sun cream -
Shandong Luneng Taishan, as their full name goes, are based in Jinan, a fast-growing city of about 7.5 million people in China's east. Jinan is the capital of Shandong province.
Fellaini will need a wardrobe for all four seasons. Jinan is currently about as chilly as Manchester, but it can easily drop well below freezing. Summers will be much hotter than northern England, nudging above 30 degrees Celsius (86F).
- Pollution, traffic -
Many Chinese cities are plagued by traffic congestion and pollution, but those problems are acute in Jinan.
The Asian Development Bank in 2017 said rapid economic growth and urbanisation had made Jinan the most congested city in China. It is also in the top 10 most polluted.

2019 February 4, “Choking smog and 'spring heaven': Fellaini's new home in China”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-05-21

A prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Shandong, in eastern China.


Jinan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 紀南／纪南 (Jìnán).

The ancient capital of the former State of Chu in modern Hubei, China.

紀南

capital of former State of Chu; town in eastern China


山東

/ʂän⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/san²⁴⁻¹¹ tuŋ²⁴/

/san⁴⁴ tʊŋ⁴⁴/

/suiŋ⁵⁴ tɔŋ⁵⁴/

/saŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nøyŋ⁵⁵/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/suã³³ taŋ³³/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/sũã³³⁻²³ taŋ³³/

/ʂän⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/san²⁴⁻¹¹ tuŋ²⁴/

/san⁴⁴ tʊŋ⁴⁴/

/suiŋ⁵⁴ tɔŋ⁵⁴/

/saŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nøyŋ⁵⁵/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/suã³³ taŋ³³/

/suã⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/

/sũã³³⁻²³ taŋ³³/


山東

山東 (canonical)
Santō (romanization)
santou (romanization)
さんとう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 山東 (MC srean tuwng).


山東

Alternative form of 山東 (Santō, “Shandong (a province of China)”)


Yantai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Chinese 煙臺／烟台 (Yāntái, “smoke tower”), from a Ming-era signal tower on Mount Qi.

In September, the largest factory in Yantai, a coastal city in northeastern China, called on the local government with a problem — a shortage of 19,000 workers as the deadline on a big order approached.

2013 January 7, “Students by Millions Fill Labor Gap in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-01-12, Global Business

It’s the time of early spring in Yantai, the central city on the Shandong Peninsula. The trees are quietly stretching new branches and sprouting fresh green buds, spreading out the turquoise of cyan on the piece of the land.

2022 May 12, “Yantai, a Fairyland in the Spring Breeze”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2022-07-13

A coastal prefecture-level city in northeastern Shandong, China.


濟南

desc

→ English: Chinan, Chi-nan, Jinan, Ji'nan, Tsinan

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡sɐi̯³⁵ naːm²¹/

/t͡sɐi̯³³ naːm²¹/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁵⁵ nam¹¹/

/t͡sɛ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ lam¹³/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ lam²³/

/t͡se⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡sɐi̯³⁵ naːm²¹/

/t͡sɐi̯³³ naːm²¹/

/t͡si⁵³⁻⁵⁵ nam¹¹/

/t͡sɛ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ lam²⁴/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ lam¹³/

/t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ lam²³/

/t͡se⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lam²⁴/

(～市) Jinan (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Shandong, China)


Zibo

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 淄博 (Zībó).

Industry in Tsinan is becoming highly developed. Indeed the day we set out to go west, factories on the outskirts were interspersed with fields of wheat, and everywhere on, into and through the Tzupo municipality, wheat fields were interspersed by factories. Tzupo with its five divisions which roughly correspond to five counties, has 2,000,000 people now, 550,000 of them mostly factory workers in the town portions, and the rest commune farmers who cultivate 93,330 hectares of land, all but 26,667 hectares of hills and downs irrigated.]

[1977 June, Rewi Alley, “Shantung Spring”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XVI, number 6, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 29, column 1

A prefecture-level city in central Shandong, China.


Циндао

ru-proper noun

Цинда́о • (Cindáo) m inan (indeclinable)

Цинда́о (canonical)
Cindáo (romanization)

Qingdao (a major subprovincial city in eastern Shandong, China)


青島

desc

→ English: Qingdao, Tsingtao, Ch'ing-tao

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ to³¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾no³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁵³/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ tau⁵²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ to³¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾no³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁵³/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ tau⁵²/

(～市) Qingdao (a subprovincial city in Shandong, China)


青島

Qingdao (a subprovincial city in eastern Shandong, in eastern China)


Yellow River

Calque of Chinese 黃河／黄河 (Huáng Hé), chiefly from the river's golden appearance as far west as Lanzhou caused by the enormous levels of silt it acquires from the Loess Plateau but also influenced by the color schema in wuxing ("Five Element") theory, which associates earth with the color 黃／黄 (huáng), usually translated as "yellow" but also inclusive of shades modern English would consider golden, orange, brown, tan, etc. The earliest Chinese sources simply describe it as 河 (hé, “The River”) but it was later distinguished as the Yellow River after 河 (hé) began to replace 水 (shuǐ) as a generic term for creeks and smaller rivers.

That Riuer of Nanquin which I called (Yamſu or) Ianſu, the ſonne of the Sea, goeth Northward to Nanquin, and then returning ſomewhat Southward, runneth into the Sea with great force; fortie myles from which it paſſeth by Nanquin. And that from hence to Pequin there might bee paſſage by Riuers, the Kings of China haue deriued a large Channell from this to another Riuer, called the Yellow Riuer, ſuch being the colour of that troubled water. This is the other famous Riuer of that Kingdome, in greatneſſe and note, which ariſesth without the Kingdome to the Weſt, out of the Hill Cunlun, conjectured to bee the ſame whence Ganges ariſeth, or one neere to it.

1625, Samuel Purchas, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes, volume III, London, →OCLC, page 340

Firſt of all, There are in China two famous large Rivers, namely Kiang, and the Yellow River... The Yellow River, by ſtrangers ſo called from the colour of the water, occaſioned by the Yellowneſs of the ground, is named Hoang in the Chineſe Language, and ſeems at firſt to be very Mooriſh; but the ſwiftneſs and great force of its running, makes it appear the quite contrary; for with ſo incredible a ſwiftneſs does this River run, that no Ships are able to Sail up againſt its Stream, but are drawn up againſt the ſame by the main ſtrength of a great number of Track-men: which may proceed from its being contracted within ſo narrow bounds; for in ſome places it is but half a mile broad, and in others a little broader, but in a continued courſe, for in length it extends above 800 miles.

1669, John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, →OCLC, pages 235–236

After passing a short stage, through low lands with very different prospects, a succession of good towns and villages, numerous vessels, and crowds of people, indicated the vicinity of the Yellow River, into which the canal falls with a gentle force.
November 2d, the yachts came to the spot where the canal joins the Yellow River.
The Yellow River runs at this place with such rapidity that the Chinese sailors deemed it necessary to offer a sacrifice to its Guardian Spirit for a safe passage.

1798, Complete View of the Chinese Empire, London, page 400

As we rode slowly over the Lunghai Line toward Sianfu, across the brown sun-baked plains of Northern Honan, soon to be flooded when the Chinese breached the Yellow River dikes to stop the advancing Yellow Horde, we passed many troop trains en-route to the front.

1941, Edgar Snow, The Battle for Asia, New York: Random House, page 26

China's Yellow River, or Huang he, is named for the yellow, sandy silt it carries in its water. This silt, called loess, is almost as fine as flour. Over thousands of years, the northwestern wind blowing from the Gobi Desert has deposited hundreds of feet of loess over northern China. As the Yellow River flows through China, it sweeps away the fine, yellow silt and carries it downriver.

2001, Kim Dramer, The Yellow River, Franklin Watts, page 7

FOR MORE THAN 2,000 years, a branch of the Silk Road — the 600-mile-long Hexi Corridor — has angled southeast from the Taklamakan and Gobi deserts to the Yellow River loess plains.

2020 May 11, Anna Sherman, “A Poetic Journey Through Western China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-05-11

Central China, where multiple tributaries of the Yellow River crisscross and monsoon rains are exceptionally heavy, has long been subject to flooding.

2021 July 22, Pei Lin Wu, Rebecca Tan, “Death toll in China floods climbs to 33 as rains spread and more cities call for help”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-07-22, Asia

The chief river of the North China Plain, currently flowing 5,463 km from the Bayan Har Mountains of Qinghai to the Bohai Sea but historically prone to massive floods which caused its course to vary widely over time.

Kunlun

Source of the Yellow River in trad. Chinese mythology


煙台

Yantai (a coastal prefecture-level city in northeastern Shandong, China)


淄博

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ pɔːk̚³/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɑuʔ²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡su³³ pʰɔk̚⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡sɯ³³⁻²³ pʰak̚²/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ poʔ²¹/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ pɔːk̚³/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɑuʔ²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡su³³ pʰɔk̚⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɔk̚³²/

/t͡sɯ³³⁻²³ pʰak̚²/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ poʔ²¹/

(～市) Zibo (a prefecture-level city in central Shandong, China)


Шаньдун

ru-proper noun+

Шаньду́н • (Šanʹdún) m inan (genitive Шаньду́на)

Шаньду́н (canonical)
Šanʹdún (romanization)
Шаньду́на (genitive)
Шаньду́н (nominative singular)
Шаньду́на (genitive singular)
Шаньду́ну (dative singular)
Шаньду́н (accusative singular)
Шаньду́ном (instrumental singular)
Шаньду́не (prepositional singular)


煙臺

→ English: Yantai, Yen-tai, Yen-t'ai

/jɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/jiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/ian⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰoɪ¹¹/

/ieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nai⁵³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tai²⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tai¹³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tai²⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tai²³/

/iŋ³³⁻²³ tʰai⁵⁵/

/jɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/jiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/ian⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰoɪ¹¹/

/ieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nai⁵³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tai²⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tai¹³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tai²⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tai²³/

/iŋ³³⁻²³ tʰai⁵⁵/

(～市) Yantai (a coastal prefecture-level city in northeastern Shandong, China)


紀南

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ nän³⁵/

Jinan (the ancient capital of the former State of Chu in modern Hubei, China)


Cinanz

/ɕi˧˥ naːn˧˩/

zh-l

濟南／济南 (Jǐnán)

Jinan (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Shangdong, in eastern China)


Sơn Đông

[səːn˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[ʂəːŋ˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[səːŋ˧˧ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]


済南

Jinan (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Shandong, in eastern China)


청도

[ˈt͡ɕʰɘ(ː)ŋdo̞]


칭다오

青島／青岛 (Qīngdǎo)


Xantungue

Shandong (a coastal province of China, part of the East China region; capital: Jinan)