pond

From Middle English pond, ponde (“pond, pool”), probably from Old English *pond, *pand (attested in placenames), a variant of *pund (“enclosure”). Doublet of pound.

But when the moon rose and the breeze awakened, and the sedges stirred, and the cat's-paws raced across the moonlit ponds, and the far surf off Wonder Head intoned the hymn of the four winds, the trinity, earth and sky and water, became one thunderous symphony—a harmony of sound and colour silvered to a monochrome by the moon.

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter VIII, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

An inland body of standing water, either natural or man-made, that is smaller than a lake.

An inland body of standing water of any size that is fed by springs rather than by a river.

I wonder how they do this on the other side of the pond.

I haven’t been back home across the pond in twenty years.

(informal) Chiefly in across the pond: the Atlantic Ocean.


pond

en-verb

pond (third-person singular simple present ponds, present participle ponding, simple past and past participle ponded)

ponds (present singular third-person)
ponding (participle present)
ponded (participle past)
ponded (past)

The rate of fall of the surface of water ponded over the soil within the ring gives a measure of the infiltration rate for the particular enclosed area.

2004, Calvin W. Rose, An Introduction to the Environmental Physics of Soil, Water and Watersheds, →ISBN, page 201:

(transitive) To block the flow of water so that it can escape only through evaporation or seepage; to dam.

(transitive) To make into a pond; to collect, as water, in a pond by damming.


Uruguay

Disputed, either:
* Guaraní urugua y (literally “water shellfish”), from urugua (“shellfish”) + y (“water”); or
* Guaraní uru gua y (literally “type of water bird”) from uru (“type of bird”) + gua (“from”) + y (“water”).

com

Uruguay River (a major river in South America)


Mozambique

Borrowed from Portuguese Moçambique, from the name of sultan Mussa Bin Bique.

During our cruise in the Mozambique we had generally light winds, almost invariably from E.S.E., or calms, and smooth water, nearly the whole time.

1857 May, “Extracts from the Journal of Captain M. S. Nolloth, H.M.S. 'Frolic'”, in The Nautical Magazine and Naval Chronicle, for 1857, London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co., page 252:

A broad strait, the modern Mozambique Channel, which separates the island of Madagascar from the African mainland of Mozambique.


Paraguay

Disputed; from Guaraní Payagua (“Pajagua tribe”) y (“water”) or para (“river”) guái (“crown”) or para (“river”) gua (“from”) y (“water”).

The Paraguay River, a river in South America that flows into the Paraná, through Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia and Argentina.


Paraguay

Borrowed from Guaraní Paraguay, formed either from para (“sea”) + gúa (“bordering”) or from paraguã (“crown of feathers”) + y (“river”).

Paraguay River (a major river in South America)


Gambia

Gambia (canonical)
the Gambia (canonical)

→ Japanese: ガンビア (Ganbia)


Gambia

/ɡá.ŋ́.bí.à/


Niger

→ Japanese: ナイジャ (Naija)

/niːˈʒɛə(ɹ)/

Commonly linked by folk etymology to Latin niger (“black”), which likely influenced the modern spelling.
Some sources give the term to Tuareg roots, deriving it from a claimed gher n-gheren or egereou n-igereouen (“river of rivers”). Compare Tarifit iɣzar-n-iɣezran.
Older sources derive Niger, via a series of mistranslations and geographic misplacements by Greek, Roman and Arab geographers, from Ptolemy's descriptions of the wadi Gir (in modern Algeria) and the "Lower Gir" (or "Ni-Gir") to the south.

From here we can see the River Niger in the distance running across town, a long gleaming diamond in the horizon.

2023, Stephen Buoro, The Five Sorrowful Mysteries of Andy Africa, Bloomsbury Circus, page 290:

A major river in West Africa that flows into the Gulf of Guinea in Nigeria.


Niger

cs-proper noun

Niger m inan (related adjective nigerský, demonym Nigeřan)

nigerský (adjective)
Nigeřan (demonym)
Niger (nominative singular)
Nigeru (genitive singular)
Nigeru (dative singular)
Niger (accusative singular)
Nigere (singular vocative)
Nigeru (locative singular)
Nigerem (instrumental singular)

Niger (a country in West Africa, situated to the north of Nigeria)

Niger (a major river in West Africa, that flows into the Gulf of Guinea in Nigeria)


Niger

de-proper noun

der Niger m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Niger or des Nigers)

der Niger (canonical masculine)
des Niger (definite genitive)
des Nigers (definite genitive)


Niger

Niger (nominative singular)
Nigert (accusative singular)
Nigernek (dative singular)
Nigerrel (instrumental singular)
Nigerért (causal-final singular)
Nigerré (singular translative)
Nigerig (singular terminative)
Nigerként (essive-formal singular)
Nigerben (inessive singular)
Nigeren (singular superessive)
Nigernél (adessive singular)
Nigerbe (illative singular)
Nigerre (singular sublative)
Nigerhez (allative singular)
Nigerből (elative singular)
Nigerről (delative singular)
Nigertől (ablative singular)
Nigeré (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
Nigeréi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
Nigerem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Nigered (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Nigere (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Nigerje (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Nigerünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Nigeretek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Nigerük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Nigerjük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)


Niger

la-proper noun

Niger m sg (genitive Nigris); third declension

Nigris (genitive)
Niger (nominative singular)
Nigris (genitive singular)
Nigrī (dative singular)
Nigrim (accusative singular)
Nigre (ablative singular)
Niger (singular vocative)

Efficit autem hoc suo flexu, ut etiam ultra Athlantem Africa ad usque Nigrim fluuium excurrat, Plinio & Ptolemaeo.

1534, Joachim Vadianus, Epitome trium terrae partium Asiae, Africae et Europae compendiariam...:


Niger

pl-proper noun

Niger m inan (related adjective nigerski)

nigerski (adjective)
Niger (nominative singular)
Nigru (genitive singular)
Nigrowi (dative singular)
Niger (accusative singular)
Nigrem (instrumental singular)
Nigrze (locative singular)
Nigrze (singular vocative)


Niger

Nȉger (canonical masculine)
Ни̏гер (Cyrillic)
Niger (nominative singular)
Nigera (genitive singular)
Nigeru (dative singular)
Niger (accusative singular)
Nigere (singular vocative)
Nigeru (locative singular)
Nigerom (instrumental singular)


Senegal

/ˌsɛn.ɪˈɡɔːl/

/ˌsɛn.ɪˈɡɑːl/

Probably from a Portuguese transliteration of the name of the Zenaga (possibly from Arabic زنجي (“Zanj, Negro”), from Persian زَنگ (“Land of the Blacks”) Etymology 3}. Or a combination of the supreme deity in Serer religion (Rog Sene) and o gal meaning body of water in the Serer language.

A river on the border between Senegal and Mauritania in West Africa.


Senegal

de-proper noun

der Senegal m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Senegals)

der Senegal (canonical masculine)
des Senegals (definite genitive)

Senegal (a river on the border between Senegal and Mauritania in West Africa)


Senegal

pl-proper noun

Senegal m inan (related adjective senegalski)

senegalski (adjective)
Senegal (nominative singular)
Senegalu (genitive singular)
Senegalowi (dative singular)
Senegal (accusative singular)
Senegalem (instrumental singular)
Senegalu (locative singular)
Senegalu (singular vocative)


Senegal

Sȅnegāl (canonical masculine)
Се̏нега̄л (Cyrillic)
Senegal (nominative singular)
Senegala (genitive singular)
Senegalu (dative singular)
Senegal (accusative singular)
Senegale (singular vocative)
Senegalu (locative singular)
Senegalom (instrumental singular)


Chad

→ Welsh: Tsiad

Believed to be from Kanuri tsade (“lake”). The country is named after the lake.

Lake Chad (a freshwater lake at the junction of Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon in Central Africa).


Chad

From English Chad, believed to be from Kanuri tsade ("lake", after Lake Chad).

Chad (a freshwater lake at the junction of Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon in Central Africa)


y

head

y (possessable, IIb class pluriform, absolute ty, R1 ry, R2 ty)

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨ (“liquid, urine”), from Proto-Tupian *tˀɨ (“liquid, urine”). Doublet of ty.
Cognate with Sateré-Mawé hɨ (“river”), Guaraní ty (“urine”).


y

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tɨ (“river”), from Proto-Tupian *it͡ʃˀɨ (“river”).
Cognate with Awetí hɨ (“river”) and Sateré-Mawé ihɨ (“river”).


Congo

Congo (canonical)
the Congo (canonical)
Congos (plural)

After Kongo, from Kongo nkongo (“hunter”). Compare Kongo dikongo (“spear”), Zulu umkhonto, Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀kóndó.

A large river in Africa which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of Congo.


Congo

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

Congo (a country in Central Africa, larger and to the east of the Republic of the Congo)

Congo (a country in Central Africa, smaller and to the west of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)

Congo (a large river in Africa, which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of Congo)


Congo

Congo (a region of Central Africa, comprising the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo)


Moldova

Unclear; see Romanian Moldova for theories.


Moldova

Moldovă (accusative indefinite nominative)
Moldova (accusative definite nominative)
Moldove (indefinite)
Moldovei (definite)
Moldovă (vocative)
Moldovo (vocative)

Of unclear origin. The suffix -ova is probably of Slavic origin. Theories about the first element:
* It is possibly ultimately from Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰 (mulda, “dust, mud”) (possibly Moldavia); compare the river Mulde in Germany and Moldau, the German name of the river Vltava, which may be of related origin.
* Alternatively, it may be related to Romanian molid (“spruce”), though the loss of the i in this word is difficult to explain.
* A folk etymology, according to Dimitrie Cantemir, says the name of the Moldova River comes from Prince Dragoș, after his hound Molda, who drowned in it while attempting to hunt an aurochs.
* The Romanian people may have called themselves "Moldoveni" or "Munteni" (literally "of the mountains") so Moldova may alternatively derive from a Thracian-Illyrian language, from *mol (“mountain”) + *dava (“town”).
For more theories see Name of Moldova on Wikipedia.Wikipedia


port

→ Hindi: पोर्ट (porṭ)

→ Russian: порт (port)

desc

→ Thai: พอร์ต (pɔ̂ɔt)

→ Thai: พอร์ต (pɔ̂ɔt)

From Old English port, borrowed from Latin portus (“port, harbour”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”) (and thus a distant doublet of ford). The directional sense, attested since at least the 1500s, derives from ancient vessels with the steering oar on the right (see etymology of starboard), which therefore had to moor with their left sides facing the dock or wharf. Doublet of fjard, fjord, firth, ford, and Portus.

doublet

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

ба́кборд

left-hand side of a vessel when facing the front

any port in a storm
any port in a storm#English

establishment of the port
establishment of the port#English

first port of call
first port of call#English

girl in every port
girl in every port#English

port of registry
port of registry#English

airport
any port in a storm
carport
container port
dry port
establishment of the port
first port of call
free port
girl in every port
half-port
heliport
helm-port
helm port
home port
megaport
outport
port authority
port knocking
portlet
port of call
port of entry
port of registry
raft port
river port
seaport
secondary port
spaceport
standard port
static port
treaty port


port

Inherited from Old Catalan port, from Latin portus, from Proto-Italic *portus, from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”), from *per- (“to go forth, to cross”).


port

→ Romanian: port

Inherited from Old French port, borrowed from Latin portus, from Proto-Italic *portus, from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”), from *per- (“to go forth, to cross”).


port

head

port m (genitive singular poirt, nominative plural poirt)

poirt (genitive singular)
poirt (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
port (indefinite singular)
poirt (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a phoirt (indefinite singular)
a phorta (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
poirt (indefinite singular)
port (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an port (definite singular)
na poirt (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an phoirt (definite singular)
na bport (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an bport (definite singular)
don phort (definite singular)
leis na poirt (definite plural)
port
phort
bport

From Old Irish port (“bank, shore”), borrowed from Latin portus (“harbour”).


port

port m (genitive singular puirt, plural puirt or portan)

puirt (genitive singular)
puirt (plural)
portan (plural)


Jordan

en-proper noun

Jordan (countable and uncountable, plural Jordans)

From Latin Iordanēs, from Ancient Greek Ἰορδάνης (Iordánēs), from Biblical Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (yardén, “Jordan (river)”). Doublet of Yarden.

der

A river in Western Asia, in the Middle East, that empties into the Dead Sea, flowing through Israel, the Golan Heights, the West Bank and Jordan.


Jordan

From Latin Iordanes, from Ancient Greek Ἰορδάνης (Iordánēs), from Biblical Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (yardén, “Jordan (river)”). The given name is from Michael Jordan.

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)

Jordan (a river in Western Asia, in the Middle East, that empties into the Dead Sea, flowing through Israel, the Golan Heights, the West Bank and Jordan)


Jordan

Jordan (nominative singular)
Jordan (accusative nominative singular)
Jordanin (accusative genitive singular)
Jordanin (genitive singular)
Jordania (partitive singular)
Jordanissa (inessive singular)
Jordanista (elative singular)
Jordaniin (illative singular)
Jordanilla (adessive singular)
Jordanilta (ablative singular)
Jordanille (allative singular)
Jordanina (essive singular)
Jordaniksi (singular translative)
Jordanitta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Jordanini (nominative singular)
Jordanini (accusative nominative singular)
Jordanini (accusative genitive singular)
Jordanini (genitive singular)
Jordaniani (partitive singular)
Jordanissani (inessive singular)
Jordanistani (elative singular)
Jordaniini (illative singular)
Jordanillani (adessive singular)
Jordaniltani (ablative singular)
Jordanilleni (allative singular)
Jordaninani (essive singular)
Jordanikseni (singular translative)
Jordanittani (abessive singular)
Jordanisi (nominative singular)
Jordanisi (accusative nominative singular)
Jordanisi (accusative genitive singular)
Jordanisi (genitive singular)
Jordaniasi (partitive singular)
Jordanissasi (inessive singular)
Jordanistasi (elative singular)
Jordaniisi (illative singular)
Jordanillasi (adessive singular)
Jordaniltasi (ablative singular)
Jordanillesi (allative singular)
Jordaninasi (essive singular)
Jordaniksesi (singular translative)
Jordanittasi (abessive singular)
Jordanimme (nominative singular)
Jordanimme (accusative nominative singular)
Jordanimme (accusative genitive singular)
Jordanimme (genitive singular)
Jordaniamme (partitive singular)
Jordanissamme (inessive singular)
Jordanistamme (elative singular)
Jordaniimme (illative singular)
Jordanillamme (adessive singular)
Jordaniltamme (ablative singular)
Jordanillemme (allative singular)
Jordaninamme (essive singular)
Jordaniksemme (singular translative)
Jordanittamme (abessive singular)
Jordaninne (nominative singular)
Jordaninne (accusative nominative singular)
Jordaninne (accusative genitive singular)
Jordaninne (genitive singular)
Jordanianne (partitive singular)
Jordanissanne (inessive singular)
Jordanistanne (elative singular)
Jordaniinne (illative singular)
Jordanillanne (adessive singular)
Jordaniltanne (ablative singular)
Jordanillenne (allative singular)
Jordaninanne (essive singular)
Jordaniksenne (singular translative)
Jordanittanne (abessive singular)
Jordaninsa (nominative singular)
Jordaninsa (accusative nominative singular)
Jordaninsa (accusative genitive singular)
Jordaninsa (genitive singular)
Jordaniaan (partitive singular)
Jordaniansa (partitive singular)
Jordanissaan (inessive singular)
Jordanissansa (inessive singular)
Jordanistaan (elative singular)
Jordanistansa (elative singular)
Jordaniinsa (illative singular)
Jordanillaan (adessive singular)
Jordanillansa (adessive singular)
Jordaniltaan (ablative singular)
Jordaniltansa (ablative singular)
Jordanilleen (allative singular)
Jordanillensa (allative singular)
Jordaninaan (essive singular)
Jordaninansa (essive singular)
Jordanikseen (singular translative)
Jordaniksensa (singular translative)
Jordanittaan (abessive singular)
Jordanittansa (abessive singular)


Jordan

de-proper noun

der Jordan m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Jordan or des Jordans)

der Jordan (canonical masculine)
des Jordan (definite genitive)
des Jordans (definite genitive)

one of several brooks or small rivers in Germany


Jordan

From Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (yardén), and Arabic الأردن (“al-'urdunn”).


Jordan

Jòrdan (canonical masculine)
Јо̀рдан (Cyrillic)
Jordan (nominative singular)
Jordana (genitive singular)
Jordanu (dative singular)
Jordan (accusative singular)
Jordane (singular vocative)
Jordanu (locative singular)
Jordanom (instrumental singular)


Jordan

From Old Swedish Iordan. Cognate with Old Danish Jordanus (partially latinized).


ao

head

㘭, 坳, 泑, 𪵲, 𬇚

vi-noun

㘭, 坳, 泑, 𪵲, 𬇚

cái (classifier)
㘭 (CJK)
坳 (CJK)
泑 (CJK)
𪵲 (CJK)
𬇚 (CJK)

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 澳 (“bay, inlet”, SV: áo). Compare Thai อ่าว (àao), Khmer អាវ (ʼaaw).

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">áo</i>

vi-etym-sino

Nguyễn Khuyến, "Thu điếu (Autumn Fishing)"
Ao thu lạnh lẽo; nuớc trong veo;
Một chiếc thuyền câu bé tẻo teo;
The cold autumn pond; the clear water;
A tiny, itsy-bitsy, fishing boat;

1686 Matsuo Bashō, Haru no Hi, "No. 41"; 2007 Vietnamese translation by Nhật Chiêu; English translation by Reginald Horace Blyth
Ao cũ, con ếch nhảy vào, vang tiếng nước xao.

The old pond; A frog jumps in — The sound of the water.


Montreal

/ˌmɔ̃ɹeɪˈæl/

From French Montréal; from Mont Royal (“Mount Royal”) (mont + royal), after the nearby hill by Jacques Cartier. It is uncertain how Royal became -real. A common explanation is that real is the Middle French form of Royal, but Cartier himself recorded le mont Royal when he named it. It may have perhaps been from the Italian G.B. Rasmusio's 1556 map translating the name to Italian Monte Real.

A river in Algoma and Sudbury districts, Ontario, Canada.

A river in Timiskaming district, Ontario, Canada.

A river in No. 18, Saskatchewan, Canada.

A river on the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, United States.

A river in northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, United States.


see

From Dutch zee, from Middle Dutch sêe, from Old Dutch sēo, from Proto-Germanic *saiwiz.

Laasweek het ons see toe gegaan.

Die trekvoëls vlieg oor die berge, oor die see, Lapland toe.
The migratory birds are flying over the mountains, over the sea, to Sápmi.


see

English: sea

Scots: se, see, sey, seye, sie

Yola: zea, zee

Inherited from Old English sǣ, from Proto-West Germanic *saiwi, from Proto-Germanic *saiwiz.


Sergipe

From Brazilian Portuguese Sergipe, from an Old Tupi term meaning "river of the crab".


Sergipe

Borrowed from Old Tupi seriîype (“at the crab river”).


Victoria

en-proper noun

Victoria (countable and uncountable, plural Victorias or Victoriae)

From Latin Victōria, from victōria (“victory”). Doublet of Vitória. The given name can also be analyzed as the male name Victor + -ia. The places were named in honour of Queen Victoria of Great Britain.

Ellipsis of Lake Victoria, the largest lake in Africa.


Amazonas

de-proper noun

Amazonas m (proper noun, strong, genitive Amazonas)

Amazonas (genitive)
Amazonas (nominative singular)
Amazonas (genitive singular)
Amazonas (dative singular)
Amazonas (accusative singular)


Amazonas

Amazonas (nominative singular)
Amazonast (accusative singular)
Amazonasnak (dative singular)
Amazonasszal (instrumental singular)
Amazonasért (causal-final singular)
Amazonasszá (singular translative)
Amazonasig (singular terminative)
Amazonasként (essive-formal singular)
Amazonasban (inessive singular)
Amazonason (singular superessive)
Amazonasnál (adessive singular)
Amazonasba (illative singular)
Amazonasra (singular sublative)
Amazonashoz (allative singular)
Amazonasból (elative singular)
Amazonasról (delative singular)
Amazonastól (ablative singular)
Amazonasé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
Amazonaséi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
Amazonasom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Amazonasod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Amazonasa (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Amazonasunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Amazonasotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Amazonasuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)


Amazonas

Amazon (a river in northern South America)


Amazonas

→⇒ Ye'kwana: Amasonanña


Saskatchewan

/səˈskæt͡ʃ.əˌwɑːn/

From Cree ᑭᓯᐢᑳᒋᐘᓂ ᓰᐱᕀ (kisiskaaciwani siipiy, “swift-flowing river”)/kisiskāciwani-sīpiy.


Paraná

/ˌpæ.ɹəˈnɑː/

From Spanish Paraná or Portuguese Paraná, both from Old Tupi paranã (“river”).

A river in central and southern South America.


Paraná

Borrowed from Spanish Paraná or Portuguese Paraná, both from Old Tupi paranã (“river”).

Paraná (a river in central and southern South America)


Paraná

de-proper noun

Paraná m (proper noun, strong, genitive Paranás)


Paraná

→ Hunsrik: Paranaa

Eduardo de Almeida Navarro
Língua Geral Paulista
pt:Paraná

From Língua Geral Paulista paraná (“river”), from Old Tupi paranã (“sea”). Doublet of paraná.
The toponyms were named after the river.


Paraná

Borrowed from Old Tupi paranã (“river”).


Brisbane

Brisbane
Brisbane River
Sir Thomas Brisbane

From Scottish Gaelic bris (“break, smash”) + Old English bān (“bone”), a nickname given to someone who was often involved in fights, resulting in the breaking of bones. The city and river in Australia are named after Sir Thomas Brisbane, 1773–1860; governor of New South Wales (which at the time included the area of modern Queensland) from 1821 to 1825.

The Brisbane River, a river that flows through the city in Queensland.


Winnipeg

/ˈwɪn.əˌpɛɡ/

* From Ojibwe wiinibig (“dirty waters”), from wiini’ (“to make someone dirty”), wiinad (“it is dirty”), + nibi (“water”), plural nibig (“waters”).
* After the lake, from Cree/Swampy Cree ᐑᓂᐯᐠ (“muddy waters”), describing the river's water entering the lake (CanOD).

Winnipeg (disambiguation)
Winnipeg, Manitoba

Lake of the Woods
Lake of the Woods#English

Winnipeg River, a river that flows 813 km from Lake of the Woods, Ontario, Canada into Lake Winnipeg.


Winnipeg

Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye

* From English Winnipeg; see English etymology for more information. Rendered as Ouinipigon by La Vérendrye.

Winnipeg, Lake Winnipeg (a large lake in Manitoba, Canada)

Winnipeg, Winnipeg River (a river that flows 813 km from Lake of the Woods, Ontario, Canada into Lake Winnipeg)


Ontario

Ontario n (proper noun, strong, genitive Ontarios)


Adelaide

→ Greek: Άντελαϊντ (Ántelaïnt)

Borrowed from French Adélaïde, from Old High German Adalheidis (from adal (“noble”) + -heit (“nature, character”)); doublet of Alice.

Adelaide (given name)
Adelaide River
Adelaide, South Australia

Queen Adelaide
w:Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen

William IV
w:William IV of the United Kingdom

Northern Territory
Northern Territory#English

Places named for Queen Adelaide, consort of William IV.

A river in the Northern Territory, Australia, known for its large population of saltwater crocodiles.


Perth

From Scottish Gaelic Peairt, from Pictish *ᚚᚓᚏᚈ (pert) meaning “wood, copse, thicket”, related to Welsh perth and perhaps Proto-Celtic *kʷerxtā (from Proto-Indo-European *pérkʷus (“oak”).

A river in the Southern Alps of New Zealand, a tributary of the Whataroa.


Kelantan

Unadapted borrowing from Malay Kelantan.


sungai

Inherited from Malay sungai, from Proto-Malayic *suŋay.

a large and often winding stream which drains a land mass, carrying water down from higher areas to a lower point, oftentimes ending in another body of water, such as an ocean or in an inland sea


sungai

ms-noun

sungai (Jawi spelling سوڠاي or سوڠي, plural sungai-sungai, informal 1st possessive sungaiku, 2nd possessive sungaimu, 3rd possessive sungainya)

سوڠاي (Jawi)
سوڠي (Jawi)
sungai-sungai (plural)
sungaiku (first-person informal possessive)
sungaimu (possessive second-person)
sungainya (possessive third-person)

> Indonesian: sungai (inherited)

→ Chinese: 雙溪／双溪

river (large stream which drains a landmass)


Leon

David Camden de Leon
Independence, Iowa
Juan Ponce de Leon
Legio VII Gemina
Martín De León
Mexican–American War

From Spanish León, from Latin legiō (“legion”), named for the Legio VII Gemina, which settled there. In reference to the New York town and Texan river, taken from the former Spanish kingdom. The Texan lake is named for the river. The Floridian county is named for the Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon. The Texan county is named for Martin de Leon, founder of Victoria, Texas. The town in Monroe Co., Wisconsin, was named for the Mexican city. The Iowan town was changed to honor the "Fighting Doctor" of the Mexican–American War David Camden de Leon after it was discovered that Iowa already had a city named Independence. The Kansan town was named for the one in Iowa. Doublet of legion via Old French. The California town was named for the nearby Leon Mine.


billabong

From Wiradjuri bilabang, likely a compound from Wiradjuri bila (“river”) and Wiradjuri bong or Wiradjuri bung (“dead”).

Oh there once was a swagman camped in the billabong,
 Under the shade of a coolibah tree,
 And he sang as he looked at the old billy boiling,
 'Who'll come a'waltzing Matilda, with me.'

1895, “Waltzing Matilda”, Banjo Paterson (lyrics):

(Australia) An anabranch, backwater or oxbow lake that is temporarily cut off from the main river, especially one that is only filled with water during the rainy season and can sometimes dry up completely.


Ottawa

From Ojibwe odaawaa (“traders”)/ᐅᑡᐙ, from Proto-Algonquian *atawewa (“to trade”).

St. Lawrence River
St. Lawrence River#English

A river flowing southeast between Ontario and Quebec, Canada into the St. Lawrence River.


Ottawa

ottawský (adjective)
Ottawa (nominative singular)
Ottawy (genitive singular)
Ottawě (dative singular)
Ottawu (accusative singular)
Ottawo (singular vocative)
Ottawě (locative singular)
Ottawou (instrumental singular)


kali

kali (Jawi spelling کالي, plural kali-kali, informal 1st possessive kaliku, 2nd possessive kalimu, 3rd possessive kalinya)

کالي (Jawi)
kali-kali (plural)
kaliku (first-person informal possessive)
kalimu (possessive second-person)
kalinya (possessive third-person)

From Javanese ꦏꦭꦶ (kali), from Old Javanese kali.


dodo

The plants Adenia lobata and Adenia cissampeloides.


South China Sea

The Philippine Islands are an archipelago southeast of Asia. They extend almost due north and south from Formosa to Borneo, and they separate the South China Sea from the Pacific Ocean.

1898 May, “The Philippine Islands”, in The Locomotive, volume XIX, number 5, Hartford, Conn.: Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company, →OCLC, page 77:

Ignoring international law, the Chinese have claimed sovereignty over most of the South China Sea and are embarked upon a massive land reclamation and construction program to bolster these claims.

2015, Dick Cheney, Liz Cheney, Exceptional: Why the World Needs a Powerful America, Threshold Editions, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 222:

The western arm of the Pacific Ocean, between the Asian mainland and Taiwan, Borneo and the Philippines.


look

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luquk (“bay”). Compare Ilocano luek, Kapampangan lauk, Cebuano luok, Tausug luuk, and Malay teluk.

Look ng Maynila


canal

→ Scottish Gaelic: canàl

Borrowed from Middle French canal, from Old French canal, from Latin canālis (“channel; canal”), from canālis (“canal”), from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). Doublet of channel.

(astronomy) One of the faint, hazy markings resembling straight lines on early telescopic images of the surface of Mars; see Martian canals


canal

Inherited from Latin canālis (“channel; canal”).


canal

→ Persian: کانال (kânâl)

→ Romanian: canal

→ Turkish: kanal

Borrowed from Latin canālis. Doublet of chenal.

channel (broadcasting: specific radio frequency or band of frequencies)


canal

From Old Galician-Portuguese canal (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria): cana (“cane, reed”) + -al. Cognate with Spanish cañal.

V casares en Cesar os quaes fforon de Mayor Aras moller de Martin Sanchez Xarpa com huum paaço et con huum canal enno Tamare.

1375, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 385:

5 farmhouses in Cesar, which belonged to Maior Aras, wife of Martín Sánchez Xarpa, with a manor and a fishery on the river Tambre

(dated) fish-weir; place or installation for fishing, on a river


canal

From Old Galician-Portuguese canal, from Latin canālis (“canal”), from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). This form may possibly be an early borrowing or semi-learned term; compare the fully inherited doublet cale, and related calha.


canal

canale (plural)
canaluri (plural)
canal (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
canalul (accusative definite nominative singular)
canale (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
canalele (accusative definite nominative plural)
canal (indefinite singular)
canalului (definite singular)
canale (indefinite plural)
canalelor (definite plural)
canalule (singular vocative)
canalelor (plural vocative)
canal (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
canalul (accusative definite nominative singular)
canaluri (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
canalurile (accusative definite nominative plural)
canal (indefinite singular)
canalului (definite singular)
canaluri (indefinite plural)
canalurilor (definite plural)
canalule (singular vocative)
canalurilor (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French canal, Latin canālis.


canal

→ Tagalog: kanal

Inherited from Old Spanish canal, from Latin canālis (“channel; canal”).


Rom

A short river in Greater London which flows into the River Thames.


lake

Arose from a conflation of the form of inherited Middle English lake (“small stream of running water, pool, lake”) with Middle English lac (“lake”), from Old French lac (“lake”) or Latin lacus (“lake, basin, tank”), see lac. The former, lake (“stream, pool, lake”), is inherited from Old English lacu (“stream, pool, expanse of water, lake”), from Proto-West Germanic *laku, from Proto-Germanic *lakō (“stream, pool, water aggregation”), ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *leg- (“to leak, drain”). It is related to Dutch laak (“stream, drainage ditch, pond”), German Low German Lake, Laak (“drainage, marshland”), German Lache (“puddle”), Icelandic lækur (“stream”).
Despite their similarity in form and meaning, Old English lacu is not related to English lay (“lake”), Latin lacus (“hollow, lake, pond”), Scottish Gaelic loch (“lake”), Ancient Greek λάκκος (lákkos, “waterhole, tank, pond, pit”), all from Proto-Indo-European *lókus, *l̥kwés (“lake, pool”).

noncog

So you punched out a window for ventilation. Was that before or after you noticed you were standing in a lake of gasoline?

A large amount of liquid; as, a wine lake.


meer

nl-noun

meer n (plural meren, diminutive meertje n)

meren (plural)
meertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: meer

From Middle Dutch mēre, from Old Dutch meri, from Proto-West Germanic *mari, from Proto-Germanic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

We gingen zwemmen in het meer.

Het meer was kalm en helder.

Er zijn veel vissen in dat meer.


river

→ Finnish: river (“river (in poker)”)

Sranan Tongo: liba

From Middle English ryver, from Anglo-Norman rivere, from Early Medieval Latin rīpāria (“littoral, riverbank”), from Latin rīpārius (“of a riverbank”), from Latin rīpa (“river bank”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to scratch, tear, cut”). Unrelated to Latin rīvus (“stream”) (whence rival, derive). Doublet of riviera and rivière. Displaced native Old English ēa.

der

lake [⇒ thesaurus] "stream of running water"

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class III § 348. River

Occasionally rivers overflow their banks and cause floods.

By the side of the river he trotted as one trots, when very small, by the side of a man who holds one spell-bound by exciting stories; and when tired at last, he sat on the bank, while the river still chattered on to him, a babbling procession of the best stories in the world, sent from the heart of the earth to be told at last to the insatiable sea.

1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:

Floods in northern India, mostly in the small state of Uttarakhand, have wrought disaster on an enormous scale. The early, intense onset of the monsoon on June 14th swelled rivers, washing away roads, bridges, hotels and even whole villages. Rock-filled torrents smashed vehicles and homes, burying victims under rubble and sludge.

2013 June 29, “High and wet”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 28:

A large and often winding stream which drains a land mass, carrying water down from higher areas to a lower point, oftentimes ending in another body of water, such as an ocean or in an inland sea.


älv

From Old Norse elfr, from Proto-Germanic *albī (“river”). Compare Norwegian Bokmål elv, German Elbe.


Mediterranean

/ˌmɛdɪtəˈɹeɪnɪən/

/ˌmɛdɪtəˈɹeɪnɪən/

[mɛɾəɾəˈɹeɪnɪən]

Borrowed from Latin mediterrāneus, from medius (“middle”) + terra (“earth, land”) + -āneus (adjectival suffix).

Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Sea#English

Ellipsis of Mediterranean Sea; a sea between Europe and Africa, an inland branch of the Atlantic.


loch

From Middle English lough, borrowed from Scottish Gaelic loch. Doublet of lough and Looe.

The greater part of Leuchars Loch belonged to the Inneses of Leuchars, Cotts to the Inneses of Innes; and while thus poſſeſſed, many unſucceſsful attempts to drain both, by canals, to the river Loſſie, ſeem to have been made. […] [A] very ordinary fall of rain raiſes it [the river] far beyond its natural bounds; and the immediate conſequence of ſuch floods, was, the ſpeat-water flowing into thoſe lochs, by the canal, and covering the adjacent meadows.

1802 November 1, “Account of the Drainage of the Lochs at Leuchars and Cotts, in the County of Moray”, in The Farmer’s Magazine: A Periodical Work, Exclusively Devoted to Agriculture, and Rural Affairs, volume III, number XII, Edinburgh: Printed by D. Willison, for Archibald Constable, [...], →OCLC, pages 453–454:

But, enchanting as are the woodland banks of the quiet stream, there is to me a higher and yet more powerful charm in the solitary wildness or savage grandeur of the Highland loch.

1840, John Colquhoun, “Loch-fishing”, in The Moor and the Loch: […], Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons; London: T[homas] Cadell, →OCLC, page 56:

This book may possibly fall into the hands of tourists in the Highlands; and if it should induce any one to visit the Isles of Loch Awe, a few words on my part may save him a good deal of trouble. The inns are so badly situated that no visitors but sportsmen and painters ever think of staying long at Loch Awe. The hotel at Dalmally is an old inconvenient house, three miles from the loch, and wants rebuilding. The inn at Cladich is a mile from the loch, and the footpath in wet weather is almost impassable.

1855, Philip Gilbert Hamerton, “Notes [on the poem The Isles of Loch Awe]”, in The Isles of Loch Awe and Other Poems of My Youth, London: W. E. Painter, […], →OCLC, page 91:

Mr. [James M.] Gale's scheme for doubling the [water] supply was carried through both Houses of Parliament, and was at once put into construction. It especially included the raising of the boundaries of the loch, and it brought into assistance and use other lochs in the Loch Katrine area; and Glasgow and its suburbs are now supplied with water as no other community in the kingdom is supplied.

1903 September 11, “The Late Mr. James M. Gale”, in W[illiam] H[enry] Maw, J[ames] Dredge [Jr.], editors, Engineering: An Illustrated Weekly Journal, volume LXXVI, London: Offices for advertisements and publication—35 & 36, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 351, column 2:

[…] Marmaduke Wetherell was hired by the Daily Mail newspaper to lead a search for the lair of the Loch Ness Monster. […] To everyone's surprise, within a few days of the start of his search, Wetherell came across a huge, four-toed footprint along the shoreline of the loch. This was just the sort of sensational story the newspaper was hoping for.

2010 January, Rick Emmer, “Into the Limelight”, in Loch Ness Monster: Fact or Fiction? (Creature Science Investigation), New York, N.Y.: Chelsea House Publishers, Infobase Publishing, →ISBN, page 28:


loch

head

loch m (genitive singular locha, nominative plural lochanna)

locha (genitive singular)
lochanna (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
loch (indefinite singular)
lochanna (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a loch (indefinite singular)
a lochanna (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
locha (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an loch (definite singular)
na lochanna (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an locha (definite singular)
dative (definite)
leis an loch (definite singular)
don loch (definite singular)
leis na lochanna (definite plural)

→ English: lough

→ Yola: Lough

loch (GA)

From Old Irish loch, from Proto-Celtic *loku, from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (compare Latin lacus, Old English lagu).


loch

loch f (genitive singular locha, plural lochan)

locha (genitive singular)
lochan (plural)

desctree

→ Middle English: lough, loch, louche, luh
English: lough, loch
Scots: loch

From Old Irish loch, from Proto-Celtic *loku, from Proto-Indo-European *lókus.


mase

Dutch: Maas


婺

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moɡs): phonetic 敄 (OC *moʔ, *mos) + semantic 女 (“woman”).


mare

From Latin mare, from Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Latin language
Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Italic language
it:mare


mare

la-noun

mare n (genitive maris); third declension

maris (genitive)
mare (nominative singular)
maria (nominative plural)
maris (genitive singular)
marium (genitive plural)
marum (genitive plural)
marī (dative singular)
maribus (dative plural)
mare (accusative singular)
maria (accusative plural)
marī (ablative singular)
mare (ablative singular)
maribus (ablative plural)
mare (singular vocative)
maria (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: amari, amare, mari

Istro-Romanian: måre

Megleno-Romanian: mari

Romanian: mare f

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: mèr

Ligurian: mâ, mà

Lombard: mar

Piedmontese: mar

Romagnol: mêr

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: mare

Dalmatian: mur

Gallurese: mari

Istriot: mare

Italian: mare

Neapolitan: mare

Sardinian: mare, mari

Sassarese: mari

Sicilian: mari

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: mar

desctree

Old French: mer f
French: mer
Antillean Creole: lanmè
Haitian Creole: lanmè
→ Volapük: mel
Norman: mé (Jersey)
Walloon: mer

Old Leonese: *mar

Asturian: mar

Extremaduran: mari

Mirandese: mar

Old Occitan: mar

Catalan: mar m or f

Occitan: mar

Old Galician-Portuguese: mar m, mare
Galician: mar m
Portuguese: mar m (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: mar

Ladino: mar

Spanish: mar m or f
→ Aymara: lamara
→ Classical Nahuatl: láma̱r
→ Papiamentu: lama, laman

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: mâr

Romansch: mar, mer

Venetan: mar

→ English: mare

→ Esperanto: maro
Ido: maro

→ Interlingua: mar

Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Italic language
la:mare

From Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Neptunum regnatorem marum

c. 270 BCE – c. 201 BCE, Gnaeus Naevius, Bellum Punicum, (fragment in Priscian, Institutiones Grammaticae, 7, De genetivo plurali tertiae declinationis)

[facit...] ad onera ac multitudinem iumentorum transportandam paulo latiores quam quibus in reliquis utimur maribus.

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.1

In order to transport cargo and beasts of burden, he [Julius Caesar] had them made a little wider than the ones we use in other seas.

Et oportet ut alienentur cornute et varie et aspides declines ad albedinem. Et non capiantur ex piscinis vel litoribus fluviorum et aquarum vel marium, vel de petrosis, quoniam in eis sunt quercine, facientes sitim, immo capiantur in loco longinquo ab humorositate.

13th c., Roger Bacon, Secretum Secretorum 2.29 (De preparacione carnum viperarum sive serpentum et draconum)

a marī usque ad mare

1921, Joseph Pope, George Monro Grant, Canada's official motto


mare

mări (plural)
mare (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
marea (accusative definite nominative singular)
mări (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
mările (accusative definite nominative plural)
mări (indefinite singular)
mării (definite singular)
mări (indefinite plural)
mărilor (definite plural)
mare (singular vocative)
mareo (singular vocative)
mărilor (plural vocative)

Latin language
Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Italic language

Când am mers la mare, am înotat un pic și mai târziu am prins un pește mare.

When I went to sea, I swam a little and later caught a big fish.


岷

(～江) Min River (a river in Sichuan Province, China)


川

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Pictogram (象形) – compare 水 (OC *qʰʷljilʔ), 川, and 𡿧.
The Middle and Old Chinese reconstruction of this word is phonologically problematic (STEDT):
* Karlgren (1957) notes that the Middle Chinese form is irregular based on evidence from Shijing rimes.
* Based on velar contacts in the same phonetic series, e.g. 巛, 甽 and 訓, Baxter (1992) and Schuessler (2007) reconstruct the word with a velar initial (Handel, 1998; Sagart, 1999), which undergoes irregular palatalization in the development to Middle Chinese (Baxter, 1992).
* Based on other characters in the same phonetic series, e.g. 順 and 馴, Sagart (1999), and later, Baxter and Sagart (2014), reconstructs 川 with a lateral initial and suggests that only a *t- prefix would account for the Middle Chinese initial /t͡ɕʰ/.
Schuessler (2007) relates this word to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river; valley”), whence 江 (OC *kroːŋ, “river”), 谷 (OC *kloːɡ, “valley”), Tibetan ཀླུང (klung, “river”), Burmese ချောင်း (hkyaung:, “stream”). STEDT notes that this does not account for the *-n coda.
STEDT instead compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s (“water; fluid; liquid; river; soak; spit”), whence 涕 (OC *tʰiːlʔ, “tears”), Proto-Kuki-Chin *tuj (“water; fluid; liquid”), Chepang तीः (“water; rain; river”); this depends on a reconstruction with a dental initial and requires positing an *‑n suffix not present in Tibeto-Burman languages.

cog

川流不息

The Master standing by a stream, said, "It passes on just like this, not ceasing day or night!"

The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Zǐ zài chuān shàng, yuē: “Shì zhě rúsī fū! Bù shè zhòuyè.”

子在川上，曰：「逝者如斯夫！不舍晝夜。」

子在川上，曰：「逝者如斯夫！不舍昼夜。」

川菜

Short for 四川 (Sìchuān, “Sichuan Province, China”).

挺川

川粉

(Internet slang, Taiwanese Mandarin) Short for 川普 (Chuānpǔ, “Donald Trump”).


敦

Originally written 𦎫 in oracle bone script and bronze script, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 亯 (“ancestral shrine”) + 羊 (“sheep”). According to Ma Rulin (馬如森), the character represents a cooked goat used as a sacrifice. According to Ma Xulun (馬敍倫) and Yang Shuda (楊樹達), the character's original meanings was "to cook" and is the original form of 燉.
Later used to mean “to force; to compel” and came to be written with 攴, making the modern form an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns): phonetic 𦎫 () + semantic 攴 (“hand”). The character 燉 was graphically shaped after the modern version.
; “thick; earnest; plentiful; large”
; “Tun”

Han compound

㪟
𦎫
𦎧
𣀦
𢼪
𠧈
𠧉


泒

Han char

泒 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水竹女人 (EHVO), four-corner 3213₀, composition ⿰氵瓜)


泜

泜 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水竹心一 (EHPM) or 水竹女戈 (EHVI), four-corner 3214₀, composition ⿰氵氐)

水竹心一 (cangjie-input)
水竹女戈 (cangjie-input)
⿰氵氐 (composition)


泿

(～水) an ancient river in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region


泗

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljids): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 四 (OC *hljids).


洈

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krolʔ, *ŋrol): semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 危 (OC *ŋrol).


沃

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːwɢ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 夭 (OC *qoːwʔ, *qrow, *qrowʔ) – to irrigate with water.


沌

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ): semantic 氵 + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun).


涪

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯ): semantic 氵 + phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs).

(～江) Fu River (a river in Sichuan and Chongqing, China)


涇

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡeŋʔ, *keːŋ): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ)


淦

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯːm, *kɯːms): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 金 (OC *krɯm).


浦

浦 (canonical)
ura (romanization)
うら (hiragana historical)


渜

name of an ancient river in Hebei province


渭

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuds): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 胃 (OC *ɢuds)


湋

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷɯl): semantic 水 (“river”) + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl).


洨

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːw): semantic 水 (“river; water”) + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw).

Han compound

(～水, ～河) Xiao River (a river in Hebei, China)

(～水) (historical) Xiao River (a river in Anhui, China; modern Tuo River)


溳

(～水) A river in Hubei, part of the Han River


滃

(～江) A tributary of the Bei River, Guangdong, China


渫

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zreːb, *sled): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 枼 (OC *leb).

Han compound

(～水) Xie River (a river in Shimen County, Hunan, China)


泊

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːɡ): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ) – a ship stays still after running aground in shallow water.

Han compound

My gate moors for eastern Wu a ten-thousand league boat.

8th century, Du Fu, 絕句四首·其三 (Four Quatrains III); translated by Stephen Owen

門泊東吳萬里船。

门泊东吴万里船。


泊

lake (large, landlocked stretch of water)


泊

Phono-semantic matching of English park.

一個位都冇得泊

一个位都冇得泊


池

Characters in the same phonetic series (也) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːl, *l'al): semantic 氵 + phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ).
Perhaps a Sino-Tibetan word; compare Proto-Kuki-Chin *lii (“pool; lake; pond”), whence Mizo li (“quiet, deep pool”) (STEDT).

廟小妖風大，池淺王八多／庙小妖风大，池浅王八多

miào xiǎo yāofēng dà, chí qiǎn wángbā duō


池

Second grade kyōiku kanji (romanization)

古池(ふるいけ)や蛙飛(かわずと)び込(こ)む水(みず)の音(おと)


池

/tʲie/ → /ti/ → /t͡ɕi/
From Middle Chinese 池 (MC drje).
Used in Old Japanese as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ti⟩ in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).


溚

(historical) An ancient river located in modern-day northwestern Shandong, China.


漳

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjaŋ): semantic 水 + phonetic 章 (OC *kjaŋ).

Han compound

(～河) Zhang River (river flowing from Shanxi to Hebei)


漣

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ren): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 連 (OC *ren)


澧

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːʔ): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ).

Han compound

(～水) Lishui River (a river in Hunan, China)

(～河, ～水) Lihe River (a river in Henan, China)


濂

Han char

濂 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 水戈廿金 (EITC) or 難水戈廿金 (XEITC), four-corner 3013₇, composition ⿰氵廉)

水戈廿金 (cangjie-input)
難水戈廿金 (cangjie-input)
⿰氵廉 (composition)


濂

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·reːm): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 廉 (OC *ɡ·rem)


渦

Guo River (a river in Henan and Anhui, China)


瀟

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯːw): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 蕭 (OC *sɯːw).

Han compound

(～水) Xiao River (a river in Hunan, China)


灃

Han char

灃 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+18, 21 strokes, cangjie input 水山十廿 (EUJT), four-corner 3511₈, composition ⿰氵豐)

Feng (a river in Shaanxi Province, China)


灉

灉 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+18, 21 strokes, cangjie input 水女山土 (EVUG), four-corner 3011₄, composition ⿰氵雝)


泥

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *niːl, *niːls): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 尼 (OC *nil).
Schuessler (2007) suggests it is of Sino-Tibetan origin and compares it to Lai [script needed] (nôoy-I, nǒoy-II, “be muddy”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Kuki-Chin *nooy ~ *naay (“muddy; dirty”). According to Schuessler (2007), 泥 (OC *niːl, “mud”) is also cognate with 濘 (OC *neːŋs) but not with 涅 (OC *niːɡ), and is distinct from 泥 (OC *niːls, “impeded”).
On the other hand, STEDT compares 泥 (OC *niːl, *niːls) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njak (“filth(y); excrement”), to which 敜 (OC *nɯːb) and 涅 (OC *niːɡ) are also compared.

cog

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


灕

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rel): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 離 (OC *reːls, *rel, *rels).

Han compound

(～江, ～水) Li River (a river in Guangxi, China)


湖

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (湖):
* → Japanese: 湖(こ) (ko)
* → Korean: 호(湖) (ho)
* → Vietnamese: hồ (湖)

→ Ai-Cham: fu²

→ Zhuang: huz

Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaː): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 胡 (OC *ɡaː).


湖

湖 (canonical)
mizuumi (romanization)
miduumi (romanization)
みづうみ (hiragana historical)


江

江 (canonical)
Kō (romanization)
Kau (romanization)
かう (hiragana historical)

/kau/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/
From Middle Chinese 江 (MC kaewng).
The 漢音 (kan'on) reading, so likely a later borrowing.


港

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs): semantic 水 (“river; water”) + phonetic 巷 (OC *ɡroːŋs).
Cognate with 江 (OC *kroːŋ, “river”) (Schuessler, 2007). The southern dialectal word originally meant "small river/stream", which is still preserved in some Min languages. The irregular pronunciation in Mandarin (expected Mandarin reflex is *jiǎng) originated from southern dialects where velars have not palatalized (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

港幣／港币 [Cantonese] ― gong² bai⁶ [Jyutping] ― Hong Kong dollar

省港 [Cantonese] ― saang² gong² [Jyutping] ― Canton-Hong Kong


港

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kyūjitai
Kōjien
Nihon Shoki
Shinjitai
Shinmura Izuru
ja:港

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720. Reconstructed as deriving from Proto-Japonic *minato.
The traditional etymology that Japanese sources trace back to is a compound of 水 (mi-, “water”) + な (na, assimilated apophonic form of の (no, “genitive case marker”)) + 門 (to, “gate”).
* However, this does not correlate cleanly with the etymology of 水 (mizu, “water”), reconstructed as Proto-Japonic *mentu (“water”). Then again, there are numerous attested words where 水 (mi) is used as the first and last element in compounds, suggesting either that the derivation of 水 (mizu) might differ.
Vovin, on the other hand suggests that the initial mi- was 御 (mi-, “honorific prefix”), while -na- meant "water", possibly from Proto-Tai *C̬.namꟲ (“water”). Compare 涙 (namida, “tears”), 菜葱, 水葱 (nagi, “Monochoria vaginalis”), 漬く (nazuku, “soak in water”, obsolete).
* However, this may present semantic difficulties, as any native formation like namida that proposes "water" for the initial nam and "eye" for a following component reverses the usual word-formation pattern for Japanese, where the main or head noun comes last. In addition, the na element appears in other words with no relation to "water", as an assimilated apophonic form of genitive particle の (no), seen in terms such as 掌 (tanagokoro, “palm of the hand”, literally “hand's heart/center”), 眼間 (manakai, “where the lines of sight of the eyes converge”, literally “eyes' exchanging/crossing”).

com

assimilated apophonic form of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">の</i> (no, “genitive case marker”)

もみぢ葉の流れてとまる水門には紅深き波や立つらむ

momiji ba no nagarete tomaru minato niha kurenai fukaki nami ya tatsuramu

At the end of the river gate where there are autumn leaves, there are deep red waves! I shall stop...

a sluice; a section of a river to let water in and out


潘

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (潘):
* → Korean: 반(潘) (ban)
* → Vietnamese: Phan (潘)

→ English: Pan, Poon, Pun, Phua

→ Mandarin: ㄆㄨㄣ (pūn) (Taiwanese slang from Hokkien)

→ Tagalog: Pua (via Hokkien)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːn): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban).


灣

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qroːn): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 彎 (OC *qroːn) – a type of water.
Cognate with 彎 (OC *qroːn, “bend; curve”) (Wang, 1982).


瀼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njaŋ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 襄 (OC *snaŋ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-naːŋ (“heavy; thick (of liquids); viscous”); cognate with Mizo hnâng (“thick; viscous”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Coblin (1986) also compares this with Burmese နှင်း (hnang:, “dew; mist”).

inh

(～河) Rang River (a river in Henan, China)


瀧

Baxter's transcription for Middle Chinese

Resemblance to Vietnamese sông – which is from Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ – is coincidental, for in the early 11th century CE 瀧 (MC sraewng) (Baxter) already possesed retroflex fricative initial 生 (as indicated by pronunciation 所江切 in Guangyun [1007 - 1008 CE]); meanwhile, as seen in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) [12th century CE], Old Vietnamese clusters */Cr-/ had not yet become a retroflex fricative ancestral to Modern Vietnamese ‹s-›.

defdate

1007 - 1008 <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>

defdate

12th century <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>


河

Wutunhua: xhe

Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːl): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ).
Originally particularly used for the Yellow River, with other rivers known as 水 (OC *qʰʷljilʔ). Later extended generally as a word for rivers in northern China but the influence of 江 (OC *kroːŋ, “Yangtze River; river in southern China”) has meant that modern usage tends to favor it for shorter rivers and creeks except in historical cases.
External etymology uncertain. Various hypotheses have been proposed:
* Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Tibetan རྒལ (rgal, “to cross, to traverse”) (Coblin, 1986).
* A Mongolic loan. Compare Proto-Mongolic *gowl (“river”) > Mongolian ᠭᠣᠣᠯ (ɣool, “river”) (Norman and Mei, 1976). This was argued against in Zhang (1998).
* Derived from 湖 (OC *ɡaː, “lake”) (Matisoff, 1995).
* Takashima (2012), citing palaeographical and archaeological evidence, posits that the Yellow River's name stemmed from the shape, which resembles an adze handle 柯 (OC *kaːl), of a stretch spanning 500 to 600 kilometers "from Héjīn, Tóngguān to east of Zhèngzhōu".


河

河 (canonical)
河 (canonical)
hō (romanization)

From Chinese 河 (hé). The pronunciation is most similar to Cantonese /hɔː²¹/, although most Japanese mahjong terminology is taken from early 20th Century Mandarin.

(mahjong) river: a player's discard pile


洋

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (洋):
* → Japanese: 洋(よう) (yō)
* → Korean: 양(洋) (yang)
* → Vietnamese: dương (洋)

→ Zhuang: yangz

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaŋ, *laŋ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ).
; “multitudinous; vast; ocean”: Schuessler (2007) compares it with Tibetan ཡངས་པ (yangs pa, “wide; extensive; vast; spacious”). In contrast, Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lɨ̆ŋ (“wave”), encompassing this and Tibetan ཀློང (klong, “space; expanse; wave”), Burmese လှိုင်း (hluing:, “wave; to abound; plentiful”).
: Compare 羕 (OC *laŋs, “(of rivers) long”), 漾 (OC *laŋs, “waves; (of rivers) long”).
; "vast expanse of flat land"

cog

撥我三隻洋。

拨我三只洋。

(historical or Shanghainese) foreign money; dollar (Classifier: 隻／只 w)

(historical) A river in southern Shaanxi, China


洋

洋 (canonical)
yō (romanization)
yau (romanization)
やう (hiragana historical)

/jɨau/ → /jɔː/ → /joː/
From Middle Chinese 洋 (MC yang). Compare modern Mandarin 洋 (yáng).

(by extension, from the sense of across the ocean) the East (Orient) or especially the West (Occident)


洋

洋 (canonical)
Yō (romanization)
Yau (romanization)
やう (hiragana historical)


洋

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Alternative spelling of 灘 (nada): the open sea


洋

Nominalization of the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) of classical adjective 広し (hiroshi), modern 広い (hiroi, “vast, wide”).


海

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (海):
* → Japanese: 海(かい) (kai)
* → Korean: 해(海) (hae)
* → Vietnamese: hải (海)

→ Bouyei: haaic

→ Zhuang: haij

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmlɯːʔ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ).
Probably related to 晦 (OC *hmɯːs, “dark”); in numerous Zhou texts 海 is described as 晦 (Schuessler, 2007). Compare the parallelism in Chinese: 溟 (OC *meːŋ, *meːŋʔ, “ocean”) < 冥 (OC *meːŋ, “dark”).
STEDT compares 海 (OC *hmlɯːʔ) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”).

inh

Hai Rui (Chinese scholar-official of the Ming dynasty)

海瑞

a surname. Hai (mainland China, Taiwan), Hoi (Hong Kong)


海

⟨umi₁⟩ → */umij/ → /umi/
From Old Japanese, theorized as descending from Proto-Japonic *omi.
Has been thought to have been derived from a compound. There are two leading theories regarding the ultimate derivation:
* Shift from 大 (ō-, “big, great”) + 水 (mi, “water”, combining form).
: This is problematic phonetically because there is no known term having a related shift from /opo/ → /oː/ → /o/ → /u/, and semantically as there already exists a compound 大水 (ōmizu, “flood”).
* From う (u-, stem indicating “ocean”) + 水 (mi, “water”, combining form). The u- stem is evident in 魚 (uo, “fish”) and 潮 (ushio, “salt water; tide”), and in the 海 (una) element in various ancient terms (see below).

海を渡る

cross over the ocean → go to a foreign country

(calligraphy) in a 硯 (suzuri, “inkstone”), a reservoir where water is stored


Skagerrak

/ˈskæɡ.əˌɹæk/

/ˈskɑɡ.əˌɹɑk/

Of Dutch origin from the 17th century. From the 18th century and on, Skagerrak was the official name on maps, whereas Kattegatt was the vulgar name between sailors. In time, Kattegatt came to be the more common name and Skagerrak only meant the outer part of the area, between Skagen and Norway. In the 19th century the names were still used synonymously. Skagerrak comes from the name Skagen and a word meaning “straight stretch” (rak, from Dutch or Low German; in modern Dutch rak is a straight stretch in an otherwise sinuous waterway; in modern sailing the distance to be sailed between two points), so the word means “the straight passage at Skagen”.

The marine passage between Norway and Denmark, formerly also including the passage between Sweden and Denmark, comprising the Kattegat.


Skagerrak

a broad strait that separates Norway from Denmark, and which links the North Sea (Nordsjøen) to the Kattegat


贛

In the bronze script, it was attested as 𬔧, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 章 (“jade ornament”) + 丮 (“to hold”) – holding a jade ornament > “to bestow”. The 丮 component corrupts into 欠 or 次, and later to 夂 or a variant with 二 under 夂. An additional semantic component 貝 (“cowrie; money”) was often added. The 二 and 貝 components combine to form an emergent phonetic component 貢 (OC *koːŋs).
Shuowen reinterprets it as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms): abbreviated phonetic 竷 (OC *kʰluːms) + semantic 貝 (“shell; money”), but this is not supported by earlier scripts.

Han compound

赣
贑/𫎬
𥫔
灨
⿱夂贡
赣
贑/𫎬

(～江, ～水) Gan River (a river in Jiangxi, China)


sea

Inherited from Middle English see, from Old English sǣ, from Proto-West Germanic *saiwi (“body of water”), from Proto-Germanic *saiwiz, itself either:
* Derived from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ey-wo- (“to be fierce, afflict”). Related to Latin saevus (“wild, fierce”), Tocharian B saiwe (“itch”), and Latvian sievs, sīvs (“sharp, biting”). More at sore.
* Derived from Proto-Germanic *sīhwaną (“to percolate, filter”), from Proto-Indo-European *seykʷ-.
Cognate with Danish sø, Dutch zee, German See, Norwegian Bokmål sjø, Swedish sjö, and West Frisian see.

der+

a smooth sea never made a skilled sailor

These ſhal ye eat, of all that are in the waters: whatsoeuer hath finnes and ſcales in the waters, in the ſeas, and in the riuers, them ſhall ye eate.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Leviticus 11:9, column 2:

At length the universal Wreck appear'd,/ To Cæsar's self, ev'n worthy to be fear'd./ Why all these Pains, this Toil of Fate (he cries)/ This Labour of the Seas, and Earth, and Skies?/ All Nature, and the Gods at once alarm'd,/ Against my little Boat and me are arm'd.

1719, Nicholas Rowe, “Book V”, in Lucan's Pharsalia: Translated into English Verse, Dublin: James Carson, page 183:

There is something in being near the sea, like the confines of eternity. It is a new element, a pure abstraction. The mind loves to hover on that which is endless, and forever the same. People wonder at a steam-boat, the invention of man, managed by man, that makes its liquid path like an iron railway through the sea—I wonder at the sea itself, that vast Leviathan, rolled round the earth, smiling in its sleep, waked into fury, fathomless, boundless, a huge world of water-drops.—Whence is it, whither goes it, is it of eternity, or of nothing?

1833, William Hazlitt, “Notes of a Journey Through France and Italy”, in Greenbank's Periodical Library, volume I, chapter 1, page 173:

As we stood there watching, the long yellow light on the eastern horizon suddenly changed in color—first to a roseate flush, then to a warm crimson; the scenes round us, sky, sea, and land, brightened as if by magic.

1922 March, J. S. Fletcher, “The Mystery of Ravensdene Court”, in Everybody's Magazine, volume XLVI, number 3, page 162:

The ocean; the continuous body of salt water covering a majority of the Earth's surface.


郪

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰiːl, *sʰil): phonetic 妻 (OC *sʰiːl, *sʰiːls) + semantic 邑 (“city”).

Han compound

(～江) Qi River (a river in Sichuan, China)


Straße

de-noun

Straße f (genitive Straße, plural Straßen, diminutive Sträßchen n or Sträßlein n)

Straße (genitive)
Straßen (plural)
Sträßchen (diminutive neuter)
Sträßlein (diminutive neuter)
Straße (nominative singular)
Straßen (definite nominative plural)
Straße (genitive singular)
Straßen (definite genitive plural)
Straße (dative singular)
Straßen (dative definite plural)
Straße (accusative singular)
Straßen (accusative definite plural)

→ Kashubian: sztrasa

From Middle High German strāze, from Old High German strāza, from Proto-West Germanic *strātu (“street”), from Latin (via) strata.
The sense “strait” is a calque of Middle Low German strâte, itself a phono-semantic matching of Middle English streit, from Old French estreit (“narrow”), from unrelated Latin strictus.


mer

Antillean Creole: lanmè

Haitian Creole: lanmè

→ Volapük: mel

Inherited from Middle French mer, from Old French mer, from Latin mare, from Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.
The word is almost unparalleled as a Latin neuter that has become feminine without being a backformation from a plural in -a (French -e). This has been ascribed to the influence of terre (“land”). In most other Romance languages it is a masculine, the main exception being Romanian mare f.

J’aime, j’aime, j’aime la solitude parfois. mais j’aime pas les cris quand ils ne s’arrêtent pas, quand les émotions me plongent en mer enragée, quand le manque de moi me fait divaguer.

I love, I love, I sometimes love the loneliness/solitude. But I don't love the crying [cries] when it [they] won't stop, when the emotions plunge me into the enraged sea, when the absence of myself makes me wander.

(uncountable, used with the definite article) the ocean (the continuous body of salt water covering a majority of the Earth's surface)


Ankara

From Turkish Ankara and Ottoman Turkish آنقره (Ankara), from Byzantine Greek and Ancient Greek Ἄγκυρα (Ánkura), from ἄγκυρα (ánkura, “anchor, hook”) in reference to the bend in the Çölova River before it merges with the Cubuk to become the Ankara but probably also calquing a local name ultimately derived from Hittite [script needed] (Ankuwaš), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enk- (“elbow, bend, curve”). The river and province are named for the city. Doublet of Angora, angle, and anchor.

der

A river in Turkey near the city, a tributary of the Sakarya.


Ankara

Ankara (nominative singular)
Ankaralar (nominative plural)
Ankara'lar (nominative plural)
Ankara'yı (accusative singular)
Ankaraları (accusative plural)
Ankara'ları (accusative plural)
Ankara'ya (dative singular)
Ankaralara (dative plural)
Ankara'lara (dative plural)
Ankara'da (locative singular)
Ankaralarda (locative plural)
Ankara'larda (locative plural)
Ankara'dan (ablative singular)
Ankaralardan (ablative plural)
Ankara'lardan (ablative plural)
Ankara'nın (genitive singular)
Ankaraların (genitive plural)
Ankara'ların (genitive plural)

From Ottoman Turkish آنقره (Ankara), from Byzantine Greek and Ancient Greek Ἄγκυρα (Ánkura), from ἄγκυρα (ánkura, “anchor, hook”) in reference to the bend in the Çölova River before it merges with the Cubuk to become the Ankara but probably also calquing a local name ultimately derived from Hittite Ankuwash, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng- (“elbow, bend, curve”).


閩

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯn, *mɯn): phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn) + semantic 虫 (“snake”). The 虫 radical was a common component of the names of barbarians (Schuessler, 2007), probably reflecting the Min people's worship of snakes (Li, 2017).
Matisoff (2003) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b/m-ruːl (“snake”), but this comparison is no longer held in STEDT.
In most modern Min dialects and some other southern dialects (including Hakka and Xiang), it is read with a level tone (平聲), which is the expected reflex based on rime dictionaries. In Mandarin and the remaining southern dialects, it is read with a rising tone (上聲), probably due to analogy with the phonetic component of 閔 (MC minX) (Li, 2017).

Han compound

(～江) Min River (a river in Fujian, China)


delta

From Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta), borrowed from a Phoenician word for "door", ultimately from Proto-Semitic *dalt-. Doublet of dalet.
* (river): from the triangular shape of the majuscule Greek letter delta Δ
* (USSF): from the delta wing, symbol of the USSF, a triangular wing, shaped like the majuscule Greek letter delta Δ

A type of cargo bike that has one wheel in front and two in back.

(medicine) Short for delta variant. (variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus)


delta

nl-noun

delta f (plural delta's, diminutive deltaatje n)

delta's (plural)
deltaatje (diminutive neuter)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta). Doublet of dalet.

a river delta, a network of one or more rivers and tributaries pouring out into a larger body of water


鰲

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːw): phonetic 敖 (OC *ŋaːw) + semantic 魚 (“fish”)
Possibly a back-formation from 黿 (OC *ŋoːn, *ŋon, “large turtle”) with final -n discarded due to folk etymology (Schuessler, 2007).


meri

mere (genitive)
merd (partitive)
meri (nominative singular)
mered (nominative plural)
meri (accusative nominative singular)
mered (accusative nominative plural)
mere (accusative genitive singular)
mered (accusative genitive plural)
mere (genitive singular)
merede (genitive plural)
merd (partitive singular)
meresid (partitive plural)
merre (illative singular)
meresse (illative singular)
meredesse (illative plural)
meres (inessive singular)
meredes (inessive plural)
merest (elative singular)
meredest (elative plural)
merele (allative singular)
meredele (allative plural)
merel (adessive singular)
meredel (adessive plural)
merelt (ablative singular)
meredelt (ablative plural)
mereks (singular translative)
meredeks (plural translative)
mereni (singular terminative)
meredeni (plural terminative)
merena (essive singular)
meredena (essive plural)
mereta (abessive singular)
meredeta (abessive plural)
merega (comitative singular)
meredega (comitative plural)


meri

meri (nominative singular)
meret (nominative plural)
meri (accusative nominative singular)
meret (accusative nominative plural)
meren (accusative genitive singular)
meret (accusative genitive plural)
meren (genitive singular)
merien (genitive plural)
merten (genitive plural)
merta (partitive singular)
meriä (partitive plural)
meressä (inessive singular)
merissä (inessive plural)
merestä (elative singular)
meristä (elative plural)
mereen (illative singular)
meriin (illative plural)
merellä (adessive singular)
merillä (adessive plural)
mereltä (ablative singular)
meriltä (ablative plural)
merelle (allative singular)
merille (allative plural)
merenä (essive singular)
merinä (essive plural)
mereksi (singular translative)
meriksi (plural translative)
merettä (abessive singular)
merittä (abessive plural)
merin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
mereni (nominative singular)
mereni (nominative plural)
mereni (accusative nominative singular)
mereni (accusative nominative plural)
mereni (accusative genitive singular)
mereni (accusative genitive plural)
mereni (genitive singular)
merieni (genitive plural)
merteni (genitive plural)
mertani (partitive singular)
meriäni (partitive plural)
meressäni (inessive singular)
merissäni (inessive plural)
merestäni (elative singular)
meristäni (elative plural)
mereeni (illative singular)
meriini (illative plural)
merelläni (adessive singular)
merilläni (adessive plural)
mereltäni (ablative singular)
meriltäni (ablative plural)
merelleni (allative singular)
merilleni (allative plural)
merenäni (essive singular)
merinäni (essive plural)
merekseni (singular translative)
merikseni (plural translative)
merettäni (abessive singular)
merittäni (abessive plural)
merineni (comitative plural)
meresi (nominative singular)
meresi (nominative plural)
meresi (accusative nominative singular)
meresi (accusative nominative plural)
meresi (accusative genitive singular)
meresi (accusative genitive plural)
meresi (genitive singular)
meriesi (genitive plural)
mertesi (genitive plural)
mertasi (partitive singular)
meriäsi (partitive plural)
meressäsi (inessive singular)
merissäsi (inessive plural)
merestäsi (elative singular)
meristäsi (elative plural)
mereesi (illative singular)
meriisi (illative plural)
merelläsi (adessive singular)
merilläsi (adessive plural)
mereltäsi (ablative singular)
meriltäsi (ablative plural)
merellesi (allative singular)
merillesi (allative plural)
merenäsi (essive singular)
merinäsi (essive plural)
mereksesi (singular translative)
meriksesi (plural translative)
merettäsi (abessive singular)
merittäsi (abessive plural)
merinesi (comitative plural)
meremme (nominative singular)
meremme (nominative plural)
meremme (accusative nominative singular)
meremme (accusative nominative plural)
meremme (accusative genitive singular)
meremme (accusative genitive plural)
meremme (genitive singular)
meriemme (genitive plural)
mertemme (genitive plural)
mertamme (partitive singular)
meriämme (partitive plural)
meressämme (inessive singular)
merissämme (inessive plural)
merestämme (elative singular)
meristämme (elative plural)
mereemme (illative singular)
meriimme (illative plural)
merellämme (adessive singular)
merillämme (adessive plural)
mereltämme (ablative singular)
meriltämme (ablative plural)
merellemme (allative singular)
merillemme (allative plural)
merenämme (essive singular)
merinämme (essive plural)
mereksemme (singular translative)
meriksemme (plural translative)
merettämme (abessive singular)
merittämme (abessive plural)
merinemme (comitative plural)
merenne (nominative singular)
merenne (nominative plural)
merenne (accusative nominative singular)
merenne (accusative nominative plural)
merenne (accusative genitive singular)
merenne (accusative genitive plural)
merenne (genitive singular)
merienne (genitive plural)
mertenne (genitive plural)
mertanne (partitive singular)
meriänne (partitive plural)
meressänne (inessive singular)
merissänne (inessive plural)
merestänne (elative singular)
meristänne (elative plural)
mereenne (illative singular)
meriinne (illative plural)
merellänne (adessive singular)
merillänne (adessive plural)
mereltänne (ablative singular)
meriltänne (ablative plural)
merellenne (allative singular)
merillenne (allative plural)
merenänne (essive singular)
merinänne (essive plural)
mereksenne (singular translative)
meriksenne (plural translative)
merettänne (abessive singular)
merittänne (abessive plural)
merinenne (comitative plural)
merensä (nominative singular)
merensä (nominative plural)
merensä (accusative nominative singular)
merensä (accusative nominative plural)
merensä (accusative genitive singular)
merensä (accusative genitive plural)
merensä (genitive singular)
meriensä (genitive plural)
mertensä (genitive plural)
mertaan (partitive singular)
mertansa (partitive singular)
meriään (partitive plural)
meriänsä (partitive plural)
meressään (inessive singular)
meressänsä (inessive singular)
merissään (inessive plural)
merissänsä (inessive plural)
merestään (elative singular)
merestänsä (elative singular)
meristään (elative plural)
meristänsä (elative plural)
mereensä (illative singular)
meriinsä (illative plural)
merellään (adessive singular)
merellänsä (adessive singular)
merillään (adessive plural)
merillänsä (adessive plural)
mereltään (ablative singular)
mereltänsä (ablative singular)
meriltään (ablative plural)
meriltänsä (ablative plural)
merelleen (allative singular)
merellensä (allative singular)
merilleen (allative plural)
merillensä (allative plural)
merenään (essive singular)
merenänsä (essive singular)
merinään (essive plural)
merinänsä (essive plural)
merekseen (singular translative)
mereksensä (singular translative)
merikseen (plural translative)
meriksensä (plural translative)
merettään (abessive singular)
merettänsä (abessive singular)
merittään (abessive plural)
merittänsä (abessive plural)
merineen (comitative plural)
merinensä (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *meri, borrowed from some Indo-European language (probably Proto-Balto-Slavic *mári), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

sea (a single area or the seas altogether)


meri

meri (nominative singular)
meret (nominative plural)
meren (genitive singular)
merriin (genitive plural)
merilöin (genitive plural)
mertä (partitive singular)
mert (partitive singular)
merriä (partitive plural)
merilöjä (partitive plural)
merree (illative singular)
merrii (illative plural)
merilöihe (illative plural)
meres (inessive singular)
meris (inessive plural)
merilöis (inessive plural)
merest (elative singular)
merist (elative plural)
merilöist (elative plural)
merelle (allative singular)
merille (allative plural)
merilöille (allative plural)
merel (adessive singular)
meril (adessive plural)
merilöil (adessive plural)
merelt (ablative singular)
merilt (ablative plural)
merilöilt (ablative plural)
mereks (singular translative)
meriks (plural translative)
merilöiks (plural translative)
merennä (essive singular)
merreen (essive singular)
merinnä (essive plural)
merilöinnä (essive plural)
merriin (essive plural)
merilöin (essive plural)
merent (exessive singular)
merint (exessive plural)
merilöint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *meri. Cognates include Finnish meri and Estonian meri.

Vene ono merel. Levo ono merel.

1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 20:

Merilöin rannoil ono meil paljo suurii linnoja — ono Leningrad, ono Sevastopol, ono paljo muita, niitä kera pittää puulustaa.

1936, V. I. Junus, P. L. Maksimov, Inkeroisin keelen oppikirja alkuşkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 28:

At the shores of the seas we have many big cities — we have Leningrad, we have Sevastopol, we have much more, whom they also need to defend.

Kaik noisi elloo i meri, i metsä, i maa.

1937, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (toin osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 107:

Everything brings life, the sea and the forest and the land.


Schelde

The river Scheldt (a river in France, Belgium and the Netherlands)


Schelde

de-proper noun

die Schelde f (proper noun, usually definite, definite genitive der Schelde)

die Schelde (canonical feminine)
der Schelde (definite genitive)

Scheldt (a river in France, Belgium and the Netherlands, emptying into the North Sea)


Rhine

From Middle English Rine, Ryne, from Old English Rīn (“the Rhine”), from Middle High German and Old High German Rīn, from Proto-West Germanic *Rīn, from Proto-Germanic *Rīnaz, from Gaulish Rēnos, from a Pre-Celtic or Proto-Celtic *reinos; one of a class of river names built from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to move, flow, run”).
Cognate with Old High German Rīn ("the Rhine"; > German Rhein), Old Norse Rín (“the Rhine”), Dutch Rijn (“the Rhine”). Related also to Latin rivus ("river"), in Celtic with an -n- suffix as in Old Irish rīan (“run”) (more at run).
The spelling with Rh- is due to the influence of Ancient Greek Ῥῆνος (Rhênos) (via French Rhin).

gloss

"the Rhine"; > German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Rhein</i>

A river in western Europe, that flows through Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Germany, France and the Netherlands, before emptying into the North Sea.


Orne

en-proper noun

Orne (countable and uncountable, plural Ornes)


Orne

From Latin olinas, an homonym of Fluvius Olne, of Celtic origin, from Proto-Celtic *olīnā (“elbow”).

Orne (a river in Normandy, in northwestern France)


dam

head

dam c (singular definite dammen, plural indefinite damme)

dammen (definite singular)
damme (indefinite plural)
dam (indefinite nominative singular)
dammen (definite nominative singular)
damme (indefinite nominative plural)
dammene (definite nominative plural)
dams (genitive indefinite singular)
dammens (definite genitive singular)
dammes (genitive indefinite plural)
dammenes (definite genitive plural)

corf, livewell (for storage of live fish under water)


dam

dammen (definite singular)
dammer (indefinite plural)
dammene (definite plural)

From Danish dam, from Old Norse dammr m, damm n. The meaning dam (structure) probably comes from Middle Low German [Term?].


dam

dammen (definite singular)
dammar (indefinite plural)
dammane (definite plural)

From Middle Norwegian dammr m, from Old Norse damm n. The meaning dam (structure) probably comes from Middle Low German [Term?].


brook

From Middle English brook, from Old English brōc (“brook; stream; torrent”), from Proto-West Germanic *brōk (“stream”).

inh

Audio (Southern England)

empties itself, as doth an inland brook / into the main of waters

c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

The Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks of water.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy 8:7:

But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection. ¶[…]The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window at the old mare feeding in the meadow below by the brook,[…].

1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

"Most of them don't wash. Those who do usually plunge their head into some brook or rill, if there happens to be one about."

1936, Norman Lindsay, The Flyaway Highway, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 53:

A body of running water smaller than a river; a small stream.

(Sussex, Kent, in the plural) Low, marshy ground.


Los Angeles

/lɔs ˈæŋɡələs/

/loʊs ˈæŋɡələs/

An anglicized form of Spanish Pueblo de los Ángeles (City of the Angels), a clipping of Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de Porciúncula (“Town of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels of Porziuncola”), taken from the Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí's name for the nearby Los Angeles River, first sighted by the Portolá expedition on August 2, the feast day of the dedication of the chapel of Porziuncola (from Latin portiuncula, “little portion”) in Santa Maria degli Angeli (Italian for “Saint Mary of the Angels”) near Assisi, Italy, where St Francis began his order.

Los Angeles River
Los Angeles River#English

Ellipsis of Los Angeles River.: A river in Los Angeles, California, United States


Kabul

A river rising in the Hindu Kush of northeastern Maidan Wardak, Afghanistan and flowing roughly 700 kilometers before merging into the Indus river at Attock, Pakistan.


Florida

New York City, Philadelphia, traditional Eastern New England (except for Boston), Ireland

From Spanish florida (“flowery”), often referring to a place's abundance of flowers.
The state's name specifically is a shortening of la Florida (“the flowery one”) or Pascua Florida (“flowery Easter”). It is the oldest surviving European-given place-name in the US.
The village in Orange County, New York was named in the 1760s from Latin flōrida (“flowery”).

Alabama · Alaska · Arizona · Arkansas · California · Colorado · Connecticut · Delaware · Florida · Georgia · Hawaii · Idaho · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Louisiana · Maine · Maryland · Massachusetts · Michigan · Minnesota · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · Nevada · New Hampshire · New Jersey · New Mexico · New York · North Carolina · North Dakota · Ohio · Oklahoma · Oregon · Pennsylvania · Rhode Island · South Carolina · South Dakota · Tennessee · Texas · Utah · Vermont · Virginia · Washington · West Virginia · Wisconsin · Wyoming

American Samoa · Guam · Northern Mariana Islands · Puerto Rico · United States minor outlying islands · United States Virgin Islands

A river in Colorado, flowing from Lillie Lake in the Weminuche Wilderness into the Animas near Durango.


Vancouver

en-prop

Vancouver (countable and uncountable, plural Vancouvers)

George Vancouver
Vancouver
Vancouver Expedition
Vancouver, Washington

The family name is from the Dutch place name Coevorden (“the place where cows ford the river”) via the Dutch family name van Coevorden (“a person from Coevorden”). The place names are derived from the family name, being named after George Vancouver, an English explorer who charted the northwestern Pacific coast of North America in a 1791–1794 expedition.

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

A river in southern British Columbia, Canada.

A lake in Clark County, Washington, United States.


Maine

Gallia Celtica
Maine (disambiguation)
Maine (province)
Maine (state)

From French Maine, named by its French explorers after the province in France with the same name, in turn named after the river with the same name that runs through it. From Old French Cemaine, from Latin *Cenomania, from the name of the Gaulish Cenomani tribe of Gallia Celtica. The word was rebracketed as ce (“this”) + Maine, and the ce- was lost by the 12th century.

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

A river in Maine-et-Loire department, Pays de la Loire, France, a tributary of the Loire.

A river in Maine, United States, flowing 5.5 miles from Pocomoonshine Lake in Princeton into Crawford Lake in Crawford.


Maine

Maine (disambiguation)
Maine (province)
Maine (river)
Maine (state)

A river in France, flowing 12 km through the city of Angers from the confluence of the Mayenne and Sarthe into the Loire.


Maine

Maine (disambiguation)
Maine (province)
Maine (state)
River Maine (County Kerry)

A river in County Kerry, Ireland, flowing 43 km from Tobermaing into the Atlantic at Castlemaine.


Maine

Maine (disambiguation)
Maine (province)
Maine (state)

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

Alternative form of Main: A river in County Antrim, Northern Ireland.


Maine

From earlier Maienne, from Latin Meduāna, of uncertain origin. Doublet of Mayenne.


Dane

From Middle English Dane, from Old Norse danir. Displaced native Old English Dene. Both forms ultimately descend from Proto-Germanic *daniz.

A river, the River Dane, in Cheshire, England, which joins the River Weaver at Northwich.


submarine river

en-noun

submarine river (plural submarine rivers)

(hydrology, oceanology) A river-like current on the seabed.


Lao

From Latin Laus, from Ancient Greek Λαός (Laós), likely ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to wash”), common in hydronyms. The first vowel may have derived from an O-grade or from the zero-grade, depending on the language it was borrowed through.


Brent

en-proper noun

Brent (countable and uncountable, plural Brents)

English surname from placenames in Devon and Somerset, from Old English brant (“steep”), referring to hills. Compare Brents.

Only by the wet flapping of a barnacle goose did she know she now approached the River Brent, obscured as it was by a brickworks and yet more houses.

2023, Zadie Smith, The Fraud, Hamish Hamilton, page 189:

A small river in Greater London, England, United Kingdom, which joins the Thames at Brentford.


Sark

Unknown, but see Wikipedia. Richard Coates has suggested derivation from Proto-Semitic, although this is considered unlikely.

I have often been amused by travellers pointing out, first the Eden, just north of the station, and then the Esk, which young Lochinvar swam, as the Border; the real boundary is, of course, the little river Sark, just south of the Caledonian station at Gretna; […].

1953 August, Basil M. Bazley, “Carlisle in 1905”, in Railway Magazine, page 507:

Dumfries and Galloway
Dumfries and Galloway#English

The River Sark, a minor river in Dumfries and Galloway council area and Cumbria, forming part of the border between Scotland and England, which flows into the tidal Esk at Gretna.


bight

From Middle English bight, biȝt, byȝt (also bought, bowght, bouȝt; see bought), from Old English byht (“bend, angle, corner; bay, bight”), from Proto-West Germanic *buhti, from Proto-Germanic *buhtiz (“bend, curve”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰūgʰ- (“to bend”).
Cognate with Scots bicht (“bight”), Dutch bocht (“bend, curve”), Low German Bucht (“bend, bay”), German Bucht (“bay, bight”), Danish bugt (“bay”), Icelandic bugða (“curve”), Albanian butë (“soft, flabby”).

inh

An area of sea lying between two promontories, larger than a bay, wider than a gulf


Acheron

la-proper noun

Acherōn m sg (genitive Acherontis); third declension

Acherōn (canonical masculine singular)
Acherontis (genitive)
Acherōn (nominative singular)
Acherontis (genitive singular)
Acherontī (dative singular)
Acherontem (accusative singular)
Acheronte (ablative singular)
Acherōn (singular vocative)

English: Acheron

French: Achéron

Italian: Acheronte

Portuguese: Aqueronte

Spanish: Aqueronte

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀχέρων (Akhérōn), from ὁ ἄχεα ῥέων (ho ákhea rhéōn, “the stream of woe”).


Sofia

From Malagasy Sofia of uncertain origin. The region is named for the river.


język

pl-noun

język m inan (diminutive języczek, augmentative jęzor, related adjective językowy, abbreviation j. or jęz.)

języczek (diminutive)
jęzor (augmentative)
językowy (adjective)
j. (abbreviation)
jęz. (abbreviation)
język (nominative singular)
języki (nominative plural)
języka (genitive singular)
języków (genitive plural)
językowi (dative singular)
językom (dative plural)
język (accusative singular)
języki (accusative plural)
językiem (instrumental singular)
językami (instrumental plural)
języku (locative singular)
językach (locative plural)
języku (singular vocative)
języki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish język. Cognate with English tongue and language.

language, tongue (body of words, and set of methods of combining them (called a grammar), understood by a community and used as a form of communication)

language (sublanguage: the slang of a particular community or jargon of a particular specialist field)

(Middle Polish) defender (person speaking in favor of someone's name)


Luo

From the pinyin romanization of Chinese 洛 (Luò).

A river in Shaanxi, China, tributary to the Wei.

The remains of the capital of the Eastern Han dynasty, Luoyang 洛阳, are situated approximately 15 km east of the present-day city of Luoyang in Henan. Since the site is bordered on the north by the Mangshan 邙山 Mountains and overlooks the Luo River to the south, it has protective natural barriers and is also at an important junction for transportation and communication (fig. 37).

1982, Zhongshu Wang, “Luoyang: The Capital City of Eastern Han”, in K. C. Chang et al., transl., Han Civilization, Yale University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 29:

Several dozen animals have died and villagers are suffering nausea and dizziness after a massive spill of cyanide into the Luo River in Henan province.

2001 November 6, Josephine Ma, “Villagers ill after river poisoned by cyanide”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-09-04:

A river in Henan, China, tributary to the Yellow River.

A river in Fujian, China, flowing into the Taiwan Strait.


Mohawk

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Mohawk.wav

From Dutch Mohawk.
An exonym, probably from Narragansett Mohowaúgsuck, Mauquàuog, meaning “they eat (animate things)”, “cannibals”. The phoneme /m/ is not present in the Mohawk language; the Mohawk autonym is Kanien'kehá:ka (Kanienkehaka, Kanyenkehaka).

Mohawk River, the largest tributary of the Hudson River, New York.


Bann

From Irish an Bhanna (“the river goddess”), from ban (“woman”) + dia (“goddess, deity”).

A river in County Down, County Armagh, County Antrim and County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, which flows through Lough Neagh.


pool

1. From French poule (“collective stakes in a game”). The French word "poule" in this context is an abbreviation of "poulain, pouliche" (foal, filly), and referred to races with female horses under 3 years old. It then became used by punters to designate bets on that race, and started to be used from the racetrack to the stadiums.
2. The OED suggests that this may be a transferred use of poule (“hen”), which has been explained anecdotally as deriving from an old informal betting game in France - 'jeu de poule' - Game of Chicken (or Hen, literally) in which poule became synonymous with the combined money pot claimed by the winner.

bor

pull (accents with FOOT-GOOSE merger or full-fool merger)

He plays pool at the billiard-houses, and may be seen engaged at cards and dominoes of forenoons.

1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 23, in The Book of Snobs:

(sports) A cue sport played on a pool table. There are 15 balls, 7 of one colour or solids, 7 of another color or stripes, and the black ball (also called the 8 ball). A player must pocket all their own colour balls and then the black ball in order to win.


aber

→ French: aber


aber

aberoedd (plural)
ebyr (plural)
aber
haber (prothesis-h)

From Proto-Brythonic *aber, from Proto-Celtic *adberos.


rego

From the interaction of diverse sources: Latin rigāre (“to water”), a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia *reku ("river"), and Proto-Celtic *ɸrikā (“furrow”). Compare Old Breton rec (“furrow”).

furrow (a trench cut in the soil, as when plowed in order to plant a crop)


more

sh-noun

mȏre n (Cyrillic spelling мо̑ре, relational adjective mòrskī)

mȏre (canonical neuter)
мо̑ре (Cyrillic)
mòrskī (adjective relational)
more (nominative singular)
mora (nominative plural)
mora (genitive singular)
mora (genitive plural)
moru (dative singular)
morima (dative plural)
more (accusative singular)
mora (accusative plural)
more (singular vocative)
mora (plural vocative)
moru (locative singular)
morima (locative plural)
morem (instrumental singular)
morima (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *moře, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *mári, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Čim dođe ljeto, idemo na more!

Once the summer is here, we're gonna go to the seaside!

Cijelo ljeto ću provesti na moru.

I will spend the entire summer at the shore.

(by extension, preceded by preposition na) seaside or shore (any area or place near the sea where the sea is seen as the defining feature)


more

From Greek μωρέ (moré). Possible doublet of bre.

»More, Marko, ne ori drumova!« / »More, Turci, ne gaz’te oranja!«
»More, Marko, don’t plow up our roads!« / »More, Turks, don’t walk on my plowing!«

1824, recorded by Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, Narodne srpske pjesme

(Serbia) when spoken sharply, asserts that the speaker is stronger or older or more powerful than the addressee, sometimes expressing contempt or superiority

(Serbia) when not spoken sharply, functions as a term of endearment or generic intensifier, cf. bre


more

nominative
more (singular)
moria (plural)
genitive
mora (singular)
morí (plural)
dative
moru (singular)
moriam (plural)
accusative
locative
mori (singular)
moriach (plural)
instrumental
morom (singular)
morami (plural)


Douglas

en-proper noun

Douglas (countable and uncountable, plural Douglases)

desc

→ Translingual: douglasi, douglasii (learned)

From a place name, Scottish Gaelic dubh (“black”) + glais (“stream”).

Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester#English

A place name or the name of a geographical feature, often given after a person, notably held by:

A number of places in the United Kingdom:

A river in Lancashire and Greater Manchester, England.


lago

From Old Galician-Portuguese lago, from Latin lacus (“lake”), from Proto-Italic *lakus, from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”).


lago

From Old Italian laco, from Latin lacus (“lake”), from Proto-Italic *lakus, from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”).


lago

Inherited from Old Spanish lago, from Latin lacus, from Proto-Italic *lakus, from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”).

laguna

smaller than lago but bigger than charca


ocean

en-noun

ocean (countable and uncountable, plural oceans)

From Middle English *ocean, occean, occian, occyan, from Old French occean (later reborrowed or reinforced by Middle French ocean), from Latin Ōceanus, originally from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός (Ōkeanós, “Oceanus”, a water deity). Displaced native Old English gārseċġ. Also commonly referred to as the ocean sea, the sea of ocean (compare Latin mare ōceanum; Old French mer oceane, occeanne mer). Compare Saterland Frisian Oceoan (“ocean”), West Frisian oseaan (“ocean”), Dutch oceaan (“ocean”), German Low German Ozeaan (“ocean”), German Ozean (“ocean”), Danish ocean (“ocean”), Swedish ocean (“ocean”), French océan (“ocean”), Italian oceano (“ocean”). Doublet of Oceanus/Okeanos.

der

it's not the size of the ship, it's the motion of the ocean

(countable) One of the large bodies of water separating the continents.


ocean

pl-noun

ocean m inan (related adjective oceaniczny or oceanowy)

oceaniczny (adjective)
oceanowy (adjective)
ocean (nominative singular)
oceany (nominative plural)
oceanu (genitive singular)
oceanów (genitive plural)
oceanowi (dative singular)
oceanom (dative plural)
ocean (accusative singular)
oceany (accusative plural)
oceanem (instrumental singular)
oceanami (instrumental plural)
oceanie (locative singular)
oceanach (locative plural)
oceanie (singular vocative)
oceany (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Ōceanus. Doublet of Okeanos.

ocean (one of the large bodies of water separating the continents)


ocean

oceane (plural)
ocean (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
oceanul (accusative definite nominative singular)
oceane (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
oceanele (accusative definite nominative plural)
ocean (indefinite singular)
oceanului (definite singular)
oceane (indefinite plural)
oceanelor (definite plural)
oceanule (singular vocative)
oceanelor (plural vocative)


ocean

sh-noun

ocèān m (Cyrillic spelling оцѐа̄н, relational adjective ocèānskī)

ocèān (canonical masculine)
оцѐа̄н (Cyrillic)
ocèānskī (adjective relational)
ocèān (nominative singular)
oceani (nominative plural)
oceána (genitive singular)
oceana (genitive plural)
oceanu (dative singular)
oceanima (dative plural)
ocean (accusative singular)
oceane (accusative plural)
oceane (singular vocative)
oceani (plural vocative)
oceanu (locative singular)
oceanima (locative plural)
oceanom (instrumental singular)
oceanima (instrumental plural)

From Latin Ōceanus, from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός (Ōkeanós, “Oceanus”).


ocean

oceán (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
oceán (nominative singular)
oceána (dual nominative)
oceáni (nominative plural)
oceána (genitive singular)
oceánov (dual genitive)
oceánov (genitive plural)
oceánu (dative singular)
oceánoma (dative dual)
oceánom (dative plural)
oceán (accusative singular)
oceána (accusative dual)
oceáne (accusative plural)
oceánu (locative singular)
oceánih (dual locative)
oceánih (locative plural)
oceánom (instrumental singular)
oceánoma (dual instrumental)
oceáni (instrumental plural)


Amoy

Latin: amoyensis

From the Postal Romanization of Hokkien 廈門／厦门 (Ēe-mûi), specifically the Zhangzhou Hokkien dialect.

The Jiulong River, a large river in southern Fujian, China.


Kongo

cs-proper noun

Kongo n (related adjective konžský, demonym Konžan)

konžský (adjective)
Konžan (demonym)
Kongo (nominative singular)
Konga (genitive singular)
Kongu (dative singular)
Kongo (accusative singular)
Kongo (singular vocative)
Kongu (locative singular)
Kongem (instrumental singular)

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

Congo (a country in Central Africa, larger and to the east of the Republic of the Congo)

Congo (a country in Central Africa, smaller and to the west of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)

Congo (a large river in Africa, which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of Congo)