fjord

→ Japanese: フィヨルド (fiyorudo)

Unadapted borrowing from Norwegian fjord, from Old Norse fjǫrðr, from Proto-Germanic *ferþu, *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”), from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”), from *per- (“to carry forth”) + *-tus (suffix forming action nouns from verb roots). Doublet of firth, ford, port, and fjard.

ubor

About 20 English miles beyond this river, which is the largest in Norway, the road crosses the fjord which forms the boundary of the two kingdoms [Norway and Sweden]; and whose waters but too often in former days were dyed with the life-blood of many a bold mountaineer who crossed the "border stream" never to return.

1839, T. D. W[hatley], “Section II. Norway.”, in A Hand-book for Travellers in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Russia, being a Guide to the Principal Routes in Those Countries, […], London: John Murray, […]; Leipzig: Black and Armstrong, →OCLC, page 73:

At last one gave a deep groan, and another declared that the spirits of the fiord were against them, and there was no doubt that their boat was now lying twenty fathoms deep, at the bottom of the creek; drawn down by the strong hand of an angry water-spirit. [...] Another said he would not go till he had looked abroad over the fiord, for some chance of seeing the boat.

1841, Harriet Martineau, “The Water Sprites’ Doings.”, in Feats on the Fiord. A Tale (The Playfellow; a Series of Tales to be Published Quarterly; 3), London: Charles Knight & Co., […], →OCLC, pages 123–124:

Like most of the larger inlets, and some of the inland lakes, the Sogne fjord is much deeper than the sea beyond, the depth in places being upwards of 4,000 feet, [...] Before the "glacial epoch," thousands of streams commenced the work of erosion and produced valleys and gorges. During the glacial epoch these channels were enlarged, and lake basins were hollowed out. The descending glaciers ground out fjords to their full length when the glacial epoch was at its height, but as it declined they ground out the inner parts to a still greater depth, producing the present character of the marine fjords, and giving rise to lake hollows in other places.

1894 August, Spitzbergen and Norway in August 1894: Itinerary of the Pleasure Cruise of the “S.S. Lusitania.” From 1st August to 2nd September (33 Days), London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Limited […], →OCLC, page 46:

Disenchantment Bay, as the Yakutat Bay inlet is called north of Point Latouche, is bordered on the east by the steep hills of the peninsula and on the west by the main mountain front. Its coast is precipitous and through nearly its entire length it is a true mountain-walled fiord. The two mountain walls approach each other at Point Latouche almost at right angles, and Disenchantment Bay enters between them with a nearly north-south axis.

1909, Ralph S[tockman] Tarr, “General Physiography”, in The Yakutat Bay Region, Alaska (United States Geographical Survey, Department of the Interior, Professional Paper; 64), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, part I (Physiography and Glacial Geology), page 15:

In the center of Mount Desert Island is deep Somes Sound, almost bisecting the island and forming the only natural fjord on the entire Atlantic Coast of North America.

1951, Richard A. Hebert, “Hancock County”, in Modern Maine: Its Historic Background, People and Resources, volume II, New York, N.Y.: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, part III (A County by County Descriptive Outline of City, Town and Country in Maine), page 281:

The warm Alaska Current raises the water temperature off the coast of the monument to approximately 55°F. in the summer, while winter temperatures range from 37.5° to 40°F. Temperatures in individual fjords vary due to tidewater glaciers and fresh water flowing into the fjords [...].

1973 December, “Description of the Environment”, in Proposed Harding Icefield–Kenai Fjords National Monument, Alaska: Draft Environmental Impact Statement DES 73-86, [Washington, D.C.: Alaska Planning Group, National Park Service, Department of the Interior], →OCLC, section II.A.1 (Physical Environment), page 51:

Why should the flow of water within a fjord be of interest to the geologist? After all, fjordic geomorphology has changed little over the last few thousand years. One reason is that attention has recently focused on fjords as archives of Holocene climate change.

2010, M. E. Inall, P. A. Gillibrand, “The Physics of Mid-latitude Fjords: A Review”, in J. A. Howe, W. E. N. Austin, M. Forwick, M. Paetzel, editors, Fjord Systems and Archives (Geographical Society Special Publication; no. 344), London: The Geological Society, →ISBN, page 17:

Fiords are glacially carved oceanic intrusions into land. They are often deep and narrow with a sill in the mouth. Waters from neighboring seas and locally supplied fresh water fill up the fiords, often leading to strong stratification. Fiords with tidewater glaciers also contain glacial ice. During transport into and stay in the fiord, mixing processes modify the properties of imported water masses.

2019, J. N. Moum, W. D. Smyth, “Upper Ocean Mixing”, in J. Kirk Cochran, Henry J. Bokuniewicz, Patricia L. Yager, editors, Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, volume I (Marine Biogeochemistry), London, San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 75:

A long, narrow, deep inlet between cliffs.


fjord

fjord (nominative singular)
fjordy (nominative plural)
fjordu (genitive singular)
fjordů (genitive plural)
fjordu (dative singular)
fjordům (dative plural)
fjord (accusative singular)
fjordy (accusative plural)
fjorde (singular vocative)
fjordy (plural vocative)
fjordu (locative singular)
fjordech (locative plural)
fjordem (instrumental singular)
fjordy (instrumental plural)


fjord

head

fjord c (singular definite fjorden, plural indefinite fjorde)

fjorden (definite singular)
fjorde (indefinite plural)
fjord (indefinite nominative singular)
fjorden (definite nominative singular)
fjorde (indefinite nominative plural)
fjordene (definite nominative plural)
fjords (genitive indefinite singular)
fjordens (definite genitive singular)
fjordes (genitive indefinite plural)
fjordenes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Danish fiorth, from Old Norse fjǫrðr (“firth, fjord”), from Proto-Germanic *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”), from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”).


fjord

nl-noun

fjord m (plural fjorden, diminutive fjordje n)

fjorden (plural)
fjordje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowing from Norwegian fjord, from Old Norse fjǫrðr.


fjord

→ Romanian: fiord

→ Turkish: fiyort

→ Vietnamese: phi-oóc

Borrowed from Norwegian fjord, from Old Norse fjǫrðr. Doublet of port.


fjord

fjordok (plural)
fjord (nominative singular)
fjordok (nominative plural)
fjordot (accusative singular)
fjordokat (accusative plural)
fjordnak (dative singular)
fjordoknak (dative plural)
fjorddal (instrumental singular)
fjordokkal (instrumental plural)
fjordért (causal-final singular)
fjordokért (causal-final plural)
fjorddá (singular translative)
fjordokká (plural translative)
fjordig (singular terminative)
fjordokig (plural terminative)
fjordként (essive-formal singular)
fjordokként (essive-formal plural)
fjordban (inessive singular)
fjordokban (inessive plural)
fjordon (singular superessive)
fjordokon (plural superessive)
fjordnál (adessive singular)
fjordoknál (adessive plural)
fjordba (illative singular)
fjordokba (illative plural)
fjordra (singular sublative)
fjordokra (plural sublative)
fjordhoz (allative singular)
fjordokhoz (allative plural)
fjordból (elative singular)
fjordokból (elative plural)
fjordról (delative singular)
fjordokról (delative plural)
fjordtól (ablative singular)
fjordoktól (ablative plural)
fjordé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
fjordoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
fjordéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
fjordokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
fjordom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
fjordjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
fjordod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
fjordjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
fjordja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
fjordjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
fjordunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
fjordjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
fjordotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
fjordjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
fjordjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
fjordjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

fjord (a long, narrow, deep inlet between cliffs)


fjord

fjorden (definite singular)
fjorder (indefinite plural)
fjordene (definite plural)

→ Catalan: fiord

→ Dutch: fjord

desctree

→ English: fjord, fiord (now chiefly New Zealand)
→ Japanese: フィヨルド (fiyorudo)

→ French: fjord, fiord
→ Romanian: fiord
→ Turkish: fiyort
→ Vietnamese: phi-oóc

→ Georgian: ფიორდი (piordi)

→ German: Fjord
→ Estonian: fjord

→ Hungarian: fjord

→ Italian: fiordo

→ Polish: fiord

→ Portuguese: fiorde

→ Russian: фьорд (fʹord)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: фјо̏рд

Latin script: fjȍrd

→ Slovak: fjord

→ Spanish: fiordo

From Old Norse fjǫrðr, from Proto-Germanic *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”), from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”).


fjord

fjorden (definite singular)
fjordar (indefinite plural)
fjordane (definite plural)

→ Catalan: fiord

→ Dutch: fjord

→ Georgian: ფიორდი (piordi)

→ German: Fjord
→ Estonian: fjord

→ Hungarian: fjord

→ Italian: fiordo

→ Polish: fiord

→ Portuguese: fiorde

→ Russian: фьорд (fʹord)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: фјо̏рд

Latin script: fjȍrd

→ Slovak: fjord

→ Spanish: fiordo

From Old Norse fjǫrðr, from Proto-Germanic *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”), from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”). Akin to English firth.

a big long lake in Eastern Norway (e.g. Tyrifjorden, Tunhovdfjorden, Randsfjorden, Tisleifjorden)


fjord

fjȍrd (canonical masculine)
фјо̏рд (Cyrillic)
fjȍrd (nominative singular)
fjòrdovi (nominative plural)
fjorda (genitive singular)
fjòrdōvā (genitive plural)
fjordu (dative singular)
fjordovima (dative plural)
fjord (accusative singular)
fjordove (accusative plural)
fjorde (singular vocative)
fjordovi (plural vocative)
fjordu (locative singular)
fjordovima (locative plural)
fjordom (instrumental singular)
fjordovima (instrumental plural)

From Norwegian fjord, from Old Norse fjǫrðr.


fjord

sk-noun

fjord m inan (related adjective fjordový)

fjordový (adjective)
nominative
fjord (singular)
fjordy (plural)
genitive
fjordu (singular)
fjordov (plural)
dative
fjordom (plural)
accusative
locative
fjorde (singular)
fjordoch (plural)
instrumental
fjordom (singular)
fjordmi (plural)


fjord

From Old Swedish fiordher, from Old Norse fjǫrðr, from Proto-Norse *ᚠᛖᚱᚦᚢᛉ (*ferþuʀ), from Proto-Germanic *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”), from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”). Doublet of fjärd.


cove

From Middle English cove, from Old English cofa (“chamber; den”), from Proto-West Germanic *kobō, from Proto-Germanic *kubô. Cognate with German Koben, Swedish kova. This word has probably survived as long as it has due to its coincidental phonetic resemblance to the unrelated word English cave. Also unrelated to Spanish cueva, which itself is a cognate of cave.

secret coves and noukes

1659, T[itus] Livius [i.e., Livy], “(please specify the book number)”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Romane Historie […], London: […] W. Hunt, for George Sawbridge, […], →OCLC:

There are several excellent snorkelling spots in the shallow coves around Chimei, and one-day tours (NT$1100 to NT$1300, including transport and food) can be arranged beforehand by your hotel or home-stay.

2014, Robert Kelly, Chung Wah Chow, “Taiwan's Islands”, in Taiwan, 9th edition, Lonely Planet, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 307, column 2:

A small coastal inlet, especially one having high cliffs protecting vessels from prevailing winds; bight.


puro

puro (nominative singular)
purot (nominative plural)
puro (accusative nominative singular)
purot (accusative nominative plural)
puron (accusative genitive singular)
purot (accusative genitive plural)
puron (genitive singular)
purojen (genitive plural)
puroa (partitive singular)
puroja (partitive plural)
purossa (inessive singular)
puroissa (inessive plural)
purosta (elative singular)
puroista (elative plural)
puroon (illative singular)
puroihin (illative plural)
purolla (adessive singular)
puroilla (adessive plural)
purolta (ablative singular)
puroilta (ablative plural)
purolle (allative singular)
puroille (allative plural)
purona (essive singular)
puroina (essive plural)
puroksi (singular translative)
puroiksi (plural translative)
purotta (abessive singular)
puroitta (abessive plural)
puroin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
puroni (nominative singular)
puroni (nominative plural)
puroni (accusative nominative singular)
puroni (accusative nominative plural)
puroni (accusative genitive singular)
puroni (accusative genitive plural)
puroni (genitive singular)
purojeni (genitive plural)
puroani (partitive singular)
purojani (partitive plural)
purossani (inessive singular)
puroissani (inessive plural)
purostani (elative singular)
puroistani (elative plural)
purooni (illative singular)
puroihini (illative plural)
purollani (adessive singular)
puroillani (adessive plural)
puroltani (ablative singular)
puroiltani (ablative plural)
purolleni (allative singular)
puroilleni (allative plural)
puronani (essive singular)
puroinani (essive plural)
purokseni (singular translative)
puroikseni (plural translative)
purottani (abessive singular)
puroittani (abessive plural)
puroineni (comitative plural)
purosi (nominative singular)
purosi (nominative plural)
purosi (accusative nominative singular)
purosi (accusative nominative plural)
purosi (accusative genitive singular)
purosi (accusative genitive plural)
purosi (genitive singular)
purojesi (genitive plural)
puroasi (partitive singular)
purojasi (partitive plural)
purossasi (inessive singular)
puroissasi (inessive plural)
purostasi (elative singular)
puroistasi (elative plural)
puroosi (illative singular)
puroihisi (illative plural)
purollasi (adessive singular)
puroillasi (adessive plural)
puroltasi (ablative singular)
puroiltasi (ablative plural)
purollesi (allative singular)
puroillesi (allative plural)
puronasi (essive singular)
puroinasi (essive plural)
puroksesi (singular translative)
puroiksesi (plural translative)
purottasi (abessive singular)
puroittasi (abessive plural)
puroinesi (comitative plural)
puromme (nominative singular)
puromme (nominative plural)
puromme (accusative nominative singular)
puromme (accusative nominative plural)
puromme (accusative genitive singular)
puromme (accusative genitive plural)
puromme (genitive singular)
purojemme (genitive plural)
puroamme (partitive singular)
purojamme (partitive plural)
purossamme (inessive singular)
puroissamme (inessive plural)
purostamme (elative singular)
puroistamme (elative plural)
puroomme (illative singular)
puroihimme (illative plural)
purollamme (adessive singular)
puroillamme (adessive plural)
puroltamme (ablative singular)
puroiltamme (ablative plural)
purollemme (allative singular)
puroillemme (allative plural)
puronamme (essive singular)
puroinamme (essive plural)
puroksemme (singular translative)
puroiksemme (plural translative)
purottamme (abessive singular)
puroittamme (abessive plural)
puroinemme (comitative plural)
puronne (nominative singular)
puronne (nominative plural)
puronne (accusative nominative singular)
puronne (accusative nominative plural)
puronne (accusative genitive singular)
puronne (accusative genitive plural)
puronne (genitive singular)
purojenne (genitive plural)
puroanne (partitive singular)
purojanne (partitive plural)
purossanne (inessive singular)
puroissanne (inessive plural)
purostanne (elative singular)
puroistanne (elative plural)
puroonne (illative singular)
puroihinne (illative plural)
purollanne (adessive singular)
puroillanne (adessive plural)
puroltanne (ablative singular)
puroiltanne (ablative plural)
purollenne (allative singular)
puroillenne (allative plural)
puronanne (essive singular)
puroinanne (essive plural)
puroksenne (singular translative)
puroiksenne (plural translative)
purottanne (abessive singular)
puroittanne (abessive plural)
puroinenne (comitative plural)
puronsa (nominative singular)
puronsa (nominative plural)
puronsa (accusative nominative singular)
puronsa (accusative nominative plural)
puronsa (accusative genitive singular)
puronsa (accusative genitive plural)
puronsa (genitive singular)
purojensa (genitive plural)
puroaan (partitive singular)
puroansa (partitive singular)
purojaan (partitive plural)
purojansa (partitive plural)
purossaan (inessive singular)
purossansa (inessive singular)
puroissaan (inessive plural)
puroissansa (inessive plural)
purostaan (elative singular)
purostansa (elative singular)
puroistaan (elative plural)
puroistansa (elative plural)
puroonsa (illative singular)
puroihinsa (illative plural)
purollaan (adessive singular)
purollansa (adessive singular)
puroillaan (adessive plural)
puroillansa (adessive plural)
puroltaan (ablative singular)
puroltansa (ablative singular)
puroiltaan (ablative plural)
puroiltansa (ablative plural)
purolleen (allative singular)
purollensa (allative singular)
puroilleen (allative plural)
puroillensa (allative plural)
puronaan (essive singular)
puronansa (essive singular)
puroinaan (essive plural)
puroinansa (essive plural)
purokseen (singular translative)
puroksensa (singular translative)
puroikseen (plural translative)
puroiksensa (plural translative)
purottaan (abessive singular)
purottansa (abessive singular)
puroittaan (abessive plural)
puroittansa (abessive plural)
puroineen (comitative plural)
puroinensa (comitative plural)

Probably purista + -o in reference to the sound made by running water in a creek. Related to Karelian puro.

stream, streamlet, brook, creek (body of running water smaller than a river)


rill

From or akin to West Frisian ril (“rill; a narrow channel”), Dutch ril (“rill; gully; trench; watercourse”), German Low German Rille, Rill (“a small channel; brook; furrow”), German Rille (“a groove; furrow”).

cog

(planetology) Alternative form of rille.


lac

Inherited from Middle French lac, from Old French lac, a replacement of earlier lai (“pit, trench, ditch, grave, mere, pond”) (see Old French lac). Generally inferred as a borrowing of Latin lacus (“lake”), from Proto-Italic *lakus, from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”).


lac

lacuri (plural)
lac (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
lacul (accusative definite nominative singular)
lacuri (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
lacurile (accusative definite nominative plural)
lac (indefinite singular)
lacului (definite singular)
lacuri (indefinite plural)
lacurilor (definite plural)
lacule (singular vocative)
lacurilor (plural vocative)

Inherited from Latin lacus (“lake”), from Proto-Italic *lakus, from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”). Compare Aragonese laco, Catalan llac, Esperanto lago, French lac, Italian lago, Maltese lag, Portuguese lago, Sardinian lagu, Spanish lago.


Charybdis

From Ancient Greek Χάρυβδις (Khárubdis).

…that night, wee ſailed merrily by the Maſcarenas, a Charybdis in 21 degrees, var.13 and 17 minutes…

1638, Sir Thomas Herbert, Some yeares travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique:

The tide here sets in alternately from N. to S. and from S. to N., which causes the whirlpool of Galofaro, the Charybdis of the ancients.

1832, James Bell, A system of geography, popular and scientific:

Lo! the wave that for ever devours the wave / Casts roaringly up the charybdis again…

1842 Schiller, Friedrich poem Der Taucher (written in 1797) published in English in Blackwood's Magazine volume 52


creek

Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin: kriki

Sranan Tongo: kriki

From Middle English creke, kreke, creake, of unclear origin.
Additional etymological information
It existed alongside a second variant in Middle English cryke, krike, cricke, from Old Norse kriki. The first form possibly continues Old English *creca (attested in the diminutive crecca (“creek, bay, wharf”) also found in Anglo-Latin as creca, crecca), from Proto-West Germanic *krekō, from Proto-Germanic *krekô, *krekuz (“corner, hook, angle, bend, bight”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, to wind”).
See also Old Dutch creka, crika (“inlet, cove, creek”), Old Norse kriki, krikr (“angle, corner, nook, bight”), Old Norse kraki (“pole with a hook, anchor”), and possibly Old Norse krókr (“hook, bend, bight”). Modern cognates include West Frisian kreek (“creek”), Dutch kreek (“creek, cove, inlet, bight”), and French crique (“cove”) (borrowed from Germanic).
Early British colonists of Australia and the Americas used the term in the usual British way, to name inlets; as settlements followed the inlets upstream and inland, the names were retained and creek came to be used to refer to any small waterway. A similar semantic development occurred in Dutch and French, where the word originally meant "bay" but came to mean "stream" especially in the French and Dutch colonies (French Guiana, Dutch Guiana and Indonesia).

unk

unclear origin

cog

We all feel it Looming, even when we're awake, out there ahead someplace, the way you come to feel a River or Creek ahead, before anything else,— sound, sky, vegetation,— may have announced it.

1997, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 67, in Mason & Dixon, 1st US edition, New York: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, part Two: America, page 650:

(Australia, New Zealand, Canada, US) A stream of water, typically a stream of freshwater smaller than a river; in Australia, also used of river-sized bodies of water.


firth

From Middle English fyrth, a metathetic variant of frith (“forest”), from Old English fyrhþe, fyrhþ (“forest, wooded country; game preserve, hunting ground”), from Proto-West Germanic *furhiþi (“forest, woodland”), Proto-Germanic *furhiþją (“forest, wooded country”), *furhiþǭ, from *furhu (“fir; pine”), from *furahō, *furhō (“fir; pine; (fir or pine) forest”), from Proto-Indo-European *pérkus (“oak”), from *perkʷ- (“oak”).

inh

(chiefly Northern England, Scotland) Alternative form of frith (“a forest used for hunting; a (small) wood; wooded country; land covered mainly by brushwood”)


glade

From Middle English glade, glode, glede (“a gleam of light, bright space, an open space; an open or cleared space in a forest; a bright patch of sky; a bright surface of snow or ice”), of uncertain origin, perhaps from Old English *glǣd, *glād, related to Old English glæd (“shining, bright”), (compare Old Norse glaðr (“bright”)).

An open space in the ice on a river or lake.


meander

From Latin Maeander, from Ancient Greek Μαίανδρος (Maíandros) – a river in Asia Minor (present day Turkey) known for its winding course (modern Turkish Menderes).

(mathematics) A self-avoiding closed curve which intersects a line a number of times.


meander

meanderen (definite singular)
meandere (indefinite plural)
meandre (indefinite plural)
meandrer (indefinite plural)
meanderne (definite plural)
meandrene (definite plural)

From Latin Maeander, from Ancient Greek Μαίανδρος (Maíandros).


meander

meanderen (definite singular)
meandrar (indefinite plural)
meandrane (definite plural)


meander

pl-noun

meander m inan (related adjective meandrowy)

meandrowy (adjective)
meander (nominative singular)
meandry (nominative plural)
meandra (genitive singular)
meandrów (genitive plural)
meandrowi (dative singular)
meandrom (dative plural)
meander (accusative singular)
meandry (accusative plural)
meandrem (instrumental singular)
meandrami (instrumental plural)
meandrze (locative singular)
meandrach (locative plural)
meandrze (singular vocative)
meandry (plural vocative)

meander (one of a series of regular sinuous curves, bends, loops, turns, or windings in the channel of a river, stream, or other watercourse)


meander

sk-noun

meander m inan (genitive singular meandra, nominative plural meandre, genitive plural meandrov, declension pattern of stroj)

meandra (genitive singular)
meandre (nominative plural)
meandrov (genitive plural)
stroj (declension-pattern-of)


meander

meander (indefinite nominative singular)
meanders (genitive indefinite singular)
meandern (definite nominative singular)
meanderns (definite genitive singular)
meander (indefinite nominative plural)
meanders (genitive indefinite plural)
meanderna (definite nominative plural)
meandernas (definite genitive plural)


strait

From Middle English streit, from Old French estreit (modern form étroit), from Latin strictus, perfect passive participle of stringō (“compress, tighten”). Doublet of stretto and strict.

the Strait of Gibraltar

[…] we steered directly through a large Out-let, which they call a Streight, tho’ it be fifteen Miles broad […]

1720, [Daniel Defoe], The Life, Adventures, and Pyracies, of the Famous Captain Singleton, London: […] J[ohn] Brotherton, […], J[ohn] Graves […], A[nne] Dodd, […], and T[homas] Warner, […], →OCLC, pages 232–233:

(geography) A narrow channel of water connecting two larger bodies of water.


Todd

Northern Territory
Northern Territory#English

A river in the Northern Territory, Australia; named for early immigrant Alice Bell Todd (wife of astronomer Charles Todd).


Murray

en-proper noun

Murray (countable and uncountable, plural Murrays)

Scottish surname derived from the place name Moray in NE Scotland, probably from old Celtic "sea + settlement".

The Murray River, a major river in south-eastern Australia, flowing 2,589 km (1,609 mi) to the Indian Ocean, through New South Wales and Victoria, where it forms the border for hundreds of miles, to the sea through South Australia. Named after Sir George Murray.

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

A river in Western Australia (as above).

A minor river in Stewart Island, New Zealand.


Murray

Unadapted borrowing from English Murray.

a placename:
A major river in southeastern Australia

A minor river in Stewart Island, New Zealand


Blackadder

Scottish Borders
Scottish Borders#English

Blackadder Water, a river in the Scottish Borders council area, Scotland, a tributary of Whiteadder Water.


Tartarus

la-noun

Tartarus m (genitive Tartarī, feminine Tartara); second declension

Tartarī (genitive)
Tartara (feminine)
Tartarus (masculine nominative singular)
Tartara (feminine nominative singular)
Tartarī (masculine nominative plural)
Tartarae (feminine nominative plural)
Tartarī (genitive masculine singular)
Tartarae (feminine genitive singular)
Tartarōrum (genitive masculine plural)
Tartarārum (feminine genitive plural)
Tartarō (dative masculine singular)
Tartarae (dative feminine singular)
Tartarīs (dative masculine plural)
Tartarīs (dative feminine plural)
Tartarum (accusative masculine singular)
Tartaram (accusative feminine singular)
Tartarōs (accusative masculine plural)
Tartarās (accusative feminine plural)
Tartarō (ablative masculine singular)
Tartarā (ablative feminine singular)
Tartarīs (ablative masculine plural)
Tartarīs (ablative feminine plural)
Tartare (masculine singular vocative)
Tartara (feminine singular vocative)
Tartarī (masculine plural vocative)
Tartarae (feminine plural vocative)

[ˈt̪ärt̪ärʊs̠]


/leɪk tʃɑɹ.ɡɑɡˌəˌɡɑɡˌmæn.tʃɑˈɡæ.ɡɑɡ.tʃɑ.buˌnæ.ɡuŋ.ɡə.mɑɡ/

/leɪk tʃɑː.ɡɒɡˌəˌɡɒɡˌmanˈtʃaʊ̯.ɡə.ɡɒɡ.tʃaʊ̯.bʊˌnə.ɡʊŋ.ɡə.mɔːɡ/

A compound of Chargoggagoggmanchauggagogg, alternative spelling of Chargoggagoggmanchoggagogg, a fanciful name appearing on early maps that adds meaningless syllables to the name of the nearby Manchaug Pond + Chaubunagungamaug, the lake's original name (see that entry for its history). Invented along with a fanciful translation of "I'll fish on my side [of the lake], you fish on your side, and nobody fishes in the middle" in 1921 by Laurence J. Daly, the editor of The Webster Times.

LAKE CHARGOGGAGOGGMANCHAUGGAGOGGCHAUBUNAGUNGAMAUGG is the name of the largest and one of the most beautiful Summer resorts in Massachusetts and is located in the industrial town of Webster close to the Connecticut and Rhode Island borders. Its name is pronounced with ease only by natives of Webster and the Nipmuck Indians.

1938 June 12, “LAKE WITH A LONG NAME; Chaubungungamaug for Short Is One of Massachusett's Beautiful Resorts”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-11-19, RESORTS, page 170:

The French River flows generally south throughout its length from Leicester (beginning with Town Meadow Brook from Leicester to Greenville Pond) through Oxford, Dudley, and Webster to Thompson, Connecticut. Probably the best known feature along the French River is Lake Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg (also known as Webster Lake) which drains into the river in Webster via Mill Brook.

1978 July, Water Quality and Research Station, Massachusetts Division of Water Pollution Control, “The French and Quinebaug River Basins”, in Commonwealth of Massachusetts Summary of Water Quality, 1978, →OCLC, page 98:

In fact, I can remember sitting with my grandfather Rusack and his good friend, last of the Nipmuck Indians, on the shore of Lake Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg in Massachusetts and listening to the ancient brave's stories.

1985 [1985 December 6], Robert C. Rusack, “The Address of the Right Reverend the Bishop of Los Angeles Robert C. Rusack, S.T.D., D.D. to the Annual Meeting of the Ninetieth Convention December 6, 1985”, in The Journal of the Ninetieth Convention of the Church in the Diocese of Los Angeles, volume I, →OCLC, pages 62-63:

Lake Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg is located in the town of Webster, Massachusetts. The name is the longest for any lake in the United States.

2009, Larry B. Pletcher, “Massachusetts Facts and Trivia”, in It Happened In Massachusetts (It Happened In Series), 2nd edition, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 120:

Synonym of Lake Chaubunagungamaug in Massachusetts, USA.


laguna

laguna (nominative singular)
laguny (nominative plural)
laguny (genitive singular)
lagun (genitive plural)
laguně (dative singular)
lagunám (dative plural)
lagunu (accusative singular)
laguny (accusative plural)
laguno (singular vocative)
laguny (plural vocative)
laguně (locative singular)
lagunách (locative plural)
lagunou (instrumental singular)
lagunami (instrumental plural)


laguna

desctree

→ French: lagune
→ Danish: lagune
→ Dutch: lagune
→ English: lagoon

→ Portuguese: laguna

→ Romanian: lagună

From earlier *lacuna, from Latin lacūna.


laguna

laguna (nominative singular)
laguny (nominative plural)
laguny (genitive singular)
lagun (genitive plural)
lagunie (dative singular)
lagunom (dative plural)
lagunę (accusative singular)
laguny (accusative plural)
laguną (instrumental singular)
lagunami (instrumental plural)
lagunie (locative singular)
lagunach (locative plural)
laguno (singular vocative)
laguny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian laguna, from Latin lacūna.


laguna

Borrowed from Venetan laguna, Italian laguna, from Latin lacuna. Cf. also Spanish laguna. Doublet of lagoa, which was inherited from Latin, and of lacuna, which was borrowed.

lagoon (shallow body of water separated from the sea by a bar)


laguna

lagúna (canonical feminine)
лагу́на (Cyrillic)
laguna (nominative singular)
lagune (nominative plural)
lagune (genitive singular)
laguna (genitive plural)
laguni (dative singular)
lagunama (dative plural)
lagunu (accusative singular)
lagune (accusative plural)
laguno (singular vocative)
lagune (plural vocative)
laguni (locative singular)
lagunama (locative plural)
lagunom (instrumental singular)
lagunama (instrumental plural)


laguna

Inherited from Latin lacūna. Cognate with English lagoon and lacuna.

lake, pond, pool (smaller than lago but bigger than charca)


sea change

/ˈsiːˌt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/

From Act I, scene ii, of The Tempest (1610–1611) by the English playwright William Shakespeare (1564–1616), spelling modernized: “Full fathom five thy father lies, / Of his bones are coral made: / Those are pearls that were his eyes, / Nothing of him that doth fade, / But doth suffer a sea-change / Into something rich and strange”. The passage refers to how a drowned man’s body lying on the sea bed had been transformed by the sea.

Public opinion has undergone a sea change since the 2002 elections.

A few days wrought, as it were, a magical "sea change" in everything around us. The late dark and angry sea, lashed up into roaring and swashing surges, became calm and sunny; the rude winds died away; and gradually a light breeze sprang up directly aft.

1842 March, “The Bermudas”, in The Ladies’ Cabinet of Fashion, Music, and Romance, volume VII, London: Geo[rge] Henderson, […], →OCLC, page 188:

His [Frederick Marryat's] last work, ‘Percival Keane’ (1842), betrays no falling-off, but, on the contrary, is one of the most vigorous and interesting of his ‘sea changes.’

1851, “Captain Frederick Marryat”, in Robert Chambers, editor, Cyclopædia of English Literature: A Selection of the Choicest Productions of English Authors, from the Earliest to the Present Time, […], volume II, Boston, Mass.: Gould and Lincoln, […], →OCLC, page 622, column 2:

[S]uddenly, a "sea change" came over his features, […]

1854 January 14, Supplement to The Courant. […], volume XIX, number 1, Hartford, Conn.: Boswell & Faxon, →OCLC, page 8, column 1:

Assuredly the fine old North Carolinan [William Alexander Graham], who has meanwhile himself gone under politically, as little anticipated while penning this sententious answer the "sea-change" as the sectional one which was to come after him. A "sea-change" has indeed transpired.

1869 December 4, “Submarine Warfare”, in The United States Army and Navy Journal and Gazette of the Regular and Volunteer Forces, volume VII, number 16, New York, N.Y.: Army and Navy Journal, →OCLC, page 237, column 1:

It is interesting to watch how the most unpromising subject seems to warm and assimilate with his [John Randolph of Roanoke's] genius. Everything undergoes a seachange.

1879 October, W. C. B., “John Randolph: A Sketch”, in W. P. Kent, editor, The Virginia University Magazine, volume XIX, number 1, Charlottesville, Va.: Literary Societies of the University of Virginia; Chronicle Steam Book and Job Printing Office, →OCLC, page 38:

Is it possible that our sense of humor has already undergone a sea-change? […] [T]he book as a whole seems strangely antiquated.

1889 August, “Books of the Month”, in The Atlantic Monthly: A Magazine of Literature, Science, Art, and Politics, volume LXIV, number CCCLXXXII, Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC, page 288, column 2:

There are other worlds than ours, and we never again return to the old place, because we have suffered not only a sea-change but a soul-change.

1894 December, Helen Marshall North, “The Charm of Variety in Life”, in Theodore L. Flood, editor, The Chautauquan […], volume XI (New Series; volume XX overall), number 3, Meadville, Pa.: The T. L. Flood Publishing House, →OCLC, page 340, column 2:

Anthony Starkweather. […] Essentially a moral man, his rigid New England morality has suffered a sea change and developed into the morality of the master-man of affairs, equally rigid, equally uncompromising, but essentially Jesuitical in that he believes in doing wrong that right may come of it.

1910 November, Jack London, “Actors’ Description of Characters”, in Theft: A Play in Four Acts, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC, pages x–xi:

On the right, emerging from the social sciences, is a position that identifies the recent sea changes in Eastern Europe and the USSR, the longer-term global shifts toward internationalisation and the collapse of movement politics of various kinds as calling into question the continuing relevance of the neo Marxist 'motor' of cultural studies.

1992, Stuart Cunningham, “A Tale of Two Institutions”, in John Tulloch, editor, Framing Culture: Criticism and Policy in Australia (Australian Cultural Studies), St. Leonards, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin, →ISBN, page 21:

New economic, social and international pressures were threatening a seachange in the language of politics, with more activism sought from government than in the laissez-faire nineteenth century.

1996, Anthony Seldon, “Introduction: The Tory Party in Power: 1783–1996”, in How Tory Governments Fall: The Tory Party in Power since 1783, London: Fourth Estate, HarperCollins, published June 2016, →ISBN:

Don't be swayed by minor setbacks: Don't confuse minor shifts with sea-changes. A bump in the road can—and should—be navigated without making major route changes.

2003, Vince Lombardi, Jr., “Think Big Picture”, in The Lombardi Rules: 26 Lessons from Vince Lombardi, the World’s Greatest Coach (McGraw-Hill Professional Education), McGraw-Hill, →ISBN, page 10:

There has been a sea change in the language used to describe post-Roman times. Words like ‘decline’ and ‘crisis’, which suggest problems at the end of the empire and which were quite usual into the 1970s, have largely disappeared from historians’ vocabularies, to be replaced by neutral terms, like ‘transition’, ‘change’, and ‘transformation’.

2005, Bryan Ward-Perkins, “Did Rome Ever Fall?”, in The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization, 1st paperback edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, published 2006, →ISBN, page 4:

A sea change is under way. It used to be that when a man spoke, people listened; and when a woman spoke, her credentials were questioned, appearance found lacking, and message dismissed. Not. Any. More.

2018, Christine K. Jahnke, “Introduction”, in The Well-spoken Woman Speaks Out: How to Use Your Voice to Drive Change, Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, […], →ISBN, page 10:

The catalyst was the introduction of the Health & Safety at Work Act in 1974. While it applied to all workplaces, it gradually brought about a sea change in the attitude towards death and injury. Accidents were no longer accepted as 'inevitable'.

2022 January 26, John Crosse, “When the tide turned to a safer railway...”, in RAIL, number 949, page 53:

(idiomatic) A profound transformation; a metamorphosis.

تغير البحر

profound transformation — see also metamorphosis


fiume

Questo fiume di luce, di vita, di pace e di amore per la Madre di Dio, ha generato gruppi di preghiera ovunque.

This river of light, peace and love for the Mother of God has generated prayer groups everywhere.


wetland

From wet + land. Cognate with West Frisian wetlân.

European adventurers found themselves within a watery world, a tapestry of streams, channels, wetlands, lakes and lush riparian meadows enriched by floodwaters from the Mississippi River.

2013 January 14, Nancy Langston, “The Fraught History of a Watery World”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 1, archived from the original on 2013-01-22, page 59:

(usually in the plural) Land that is covered mostly with water, with occasional marshy and soggy areas.

vleiland

land that is covered mostly with water, with occasional marshy and soggy areas


gat

gaśik (diminutive)
gat (nominative singular)
gata (dual nominative)
gaty (nominative plural)
gata (genitive singular)
gatowu (dual genitive)
gatow (genitive plural)
gatoju (dative singular)
gatoma (dative dual)
gatam (dative plural)
gat (accusative singular)
gata (accusative dual)
gaty (accusative plural)
gatom (instrumental singular)
gatoma (dual instrumental)
gatami (instrumental plural)
gaśe (locative singular)
gatoma (dual locative)
gatach (locative plural)

From Proto-Slavic *gatь (“dike”). Cognate with Upper Sorbian hat, Polish gać, Serbo-Croatian gat (“ditch, dam”).


channel

→ Japanese: チャンネル (channeru)

→ Korean: 채널 (chaeneol)

→ Welsh: sianel

From Middle English chanel (also as canel, cannel, kanel), a borrowing from Old French chanel, canel, from Latin canālis (“groove; canal; channel”). Doublet of canal.

kanal

communication: single path provided by a transmission medium via physical separation

kanaal

broadcasting: specific radio frequency or band of frequencies used for transmitting television

The English Channel lies between France and England.

Our citizens and our businesses on both sides of the channel need more security and predictability for the future

2018 May 14, Jon Stone in Brussels, The Independent:

A narrow body of water between two land masses.

նեղուց

distribution channel
distribution channel

(business, marketing) A distribution channel.


Dee

Dee
River Dee (Ireland)
River Dee, Aberdeenshire
River Dee, Cumbria
River Dee, Wales

A river in Aberdeenshire council area, Scotland that flows about 145 km (90 mi) from the Cairngorm Mountains to the North Sea at Aberdeen.

And following Dee, which Britons long ygone / Did call divine, that doth by Chester tend; […]

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 39:

A river in Wales and England that flows about 113 km (70 mi) from Snowdonia to the Irish Sea near Liverpool.

A river in Cumbria, England, which flows through Dentdale, and joins the River Rawthey near Sedbergh.

A river in County Cavan and County Louth, Ireland.


Gibraltar

/d͡ʒɪˈbɹɔːltə(ɹ)/

/d͡ʒɪˈbɹɒltə(ɹ)/

Pillars of Hercules
Rock of Gibraltar
Tariq ibn Ziyad
Umayyad conquest of Hispania

From Spanish Gibraltar, from Arabic جَبَل طَارِق (jabal ṭāriq, “Mount Tariq”), named after Tariq ibn Ziyad, who led the Umayyad conquest of Hispania, starting in 711. Replaced earlier Latin Mons Calpe (“Mount Calpe”) for the land, and Columnae Herculis, from Ancient Greek Ἡράκλειαι στῆλαι (Hērákleiai stêlai, “Pillars of Hercules”), for the strait.
The barangay in Baguio, Philippines is named by a German national "Jonathan Speth" after the Rock of Gibraltar in Europe. He lived and died in the barangay.

جَبَل طَارِق

cog

Ἡράκλειαι στῆλαι

A strait connecting the Mediterranean to the Atlantic between Gibraltar and Morocco.


Gibraltar

pl-prop

Gibraltar m inan (related adjective gibraltarski)

gibraltarski (adjective)
Gibraltar (nominative singular)
Gibraltaru (genitive singular)
Gibraltarowi (dative singular)
Gibraltar (accusative singular)
Gibraltarem (instrumental singular)
Gibraltarze (locative singular)
Gibraltarze (singular vocative)

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)

Gibraltar (a strait connecting the Mediterranean to the Atlantic between Gibraltar and Morocco)


estuary

/ˈɛst͡ʃʊəɹi/

/ˈɛst͡ʃuˌɛɹi/

From Latin aestuarium (“creek”, “estuary of a river”).

der

The railway then follows the widening estuary of the river, which at high tide has the appearance of a lake, but at low water presents a rather cheerless expanse of dark mud.

1953 February, H. A. Vallance, “To Brighton through the Shoreham Gap”, in Railway Magazine, page 82:

There's something special about tidal estuaries, due to the abundance of wildlife and the ever-changing scenes as the water ebbs or rises. Throw in some moody skies and filtered sunlight, and the views can resemble a painting by Turner - only you don't have to go to the National Gallery to see this, it's brought to your seat on a train.

2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 65:

A coastal water body where ocean tides and river water merge, resulting in a brackish water zone.

estuarium

place where ocean tides and river water merge

An ocean inlet also fed by fresh river water.

ría

an ocean inlet also fed by fresh river water


lade

From Middle English lad, from Old English lād, from Proto-Germanic *laidō (“a way, course”). Related to lode, lead (“to conduct”).

(Scotland) Water pumped into and out of mills, especially woolen mills.


flod

head

flod c (singular definite floden, plural indefinite floder)

floden (definite singular)
floder (indefinite plural)
flod (indefinite nominative singular)
floden (definite nominative singular)
floder (indefinite nominative plural)
floderne (definite nominative plural)
flods (genitive indefinite singular)
flodens (definite genitive singular)
floders (genitive indefinite plural)
flodernes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Danish floth, from Old Norse flóð, from Proto-Germanic *flōduz, from *pleh₃(w)- (“flow”). Compare Swedish flod, Icelandic flóð, English flood, Dutch vloed, German Flut.


flod

English: flood

Scots: fluid, flude

Inherited from Old English flōd, from Proto-Germanic *flōduz.

A waterbody or water in general (opposed to land):

A river; a waterbody that moves in one direction.

A lake or ocean; a large open body of water.

(figurative) Something that flows or issues in abundance.


flod

floda (definite singular)
floden (definite singular)
floder (indefinite plural)
flodene (definite plural)

From Old Norse flóð, compare with German Flut.


flod

floda (definite singular)
floder (indefinite plural)
flodene (definite plural)


flod

flod (indefinite nominative singular)
flods (genitive indefinite singular)
floden (definite nominative singular)
flodens (definite genitive singular)
floder (indefinite nominative plural)
floders (genitive indefinite plural)
floderna (definite nominative plural)
flodernas (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse flóð, from Proto-Germanic *flōduz, from Proto-Indo-European *pléh₃tus. Compare Danish flod, Icelandic flóð, English flood, Dutch vloed, German Flut.


Duncan

en-proper noun

Duncan (countable and uncountable, plural Duncans)

* As a Scottish Gaelic and Irish surname, from Donnchadh, a name composed of donn (“brown”) + cath (“battle”). Also spelled as Donagh and Donaghue, Donahue.
* Also as an Irish surname, Anglicized from ó Duinnchinn, from donn (“brown”) + ceann (“head”).

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

A river in British Columbia, Canada; running 206 km near Mount Dawson into the Kootenay Lake; named for prospector John Duncan.

A short river in the Southern Alps, New Zealand.


seaport

A town or harbour with facilities for seagoing ships to dock and take on or discharge cargo.


Krishna

en-prop

Krishna (countable and uncountable, plural Krishnas)


afon

afonydd (plural)
afon
hafon (prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh afon, from Proto-Brythonic *aβon, from Proto-Celtic *abū, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-h₃ōn-, from *h₂ep- (“body of water”).


stream

→ Finnish: striimi (live stream)

From Middle English streem, strem, from Old English strēam, from Proto-West Germanic *straum, from Proto-Germanic *straumaz (“stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *srowmos (“river”), from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”). Doublet of rheum.
Cognate with Scots strem, streme, streym (“stream, river”), North Frisian strum (“stream”), West Frisian stream (“stream”), Low German Stroom (“stream”), Dutch stroom (“current, flow, stream”), German Strom (“current, stream”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål strøm (“current, stream, flow”), Norwegian Nynorsk straum (“current, stream, flow”), Swedish ström (“current, stream, flow”), Icelandic straumur (“current, stream, torrent, flood”), Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma, “stream, flow”), Lithuanian srovė (“current, stream”) Polish strumień (“stream”), Welsh ffrwd (“stream, current”), Scottish Gaelic sruth (“stream”).

cog

Now we plunged into a deep shade with the boughs lacing each other overhead, and crossed dainty, rustic bridges over the cold trout-streams, the boards giving back the clatter of our horses' feet:[…].

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

2013 January 14, Nancy Langston, “The Fraught History of a Watery World”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 1, page 59:

A small river; a large creek; a body of moving water confined by banks.

to swim against the stream

Her constant nagging was to him a stream of abuse.

With a little manœuvring they contrived to meet on the doorstep which was […] in a boiling stream of passers-by, hurrying business people speeding past in a flurry of fumes and dust in the bright haze.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 10, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

A new stream of migrants is leaving the continent. It threatens to become a torrent if the debt crisis continues to worsen.

2011 December 21, Helen Pidd, “Europeans migrate south as continent drifts deeper into crisis”, in the Guardian:

Any steady flow or succession of material, such as water, air, radio signal or words.

stroom

any steady flow or succession of material

All of the bright kids went into the A stream, but I was in the B stream.

(UK, education) A division of a school year by perceived ability.


ulu

ulu (absolutive indefinite)
ulua (absolutive indefinite singular)
uluak (absolutive indefinite plural)
uluk (ergative indefinite)
uluak (ergative indefinite singular)
uluek (ergative indefinite plural)
uluri (dative indefinite)
uluari (dative indefinite singular)
uluei (dative indefinite plural)
uluren (genitive indefinite)
uluaren (genitive indefinite singular)
uluen (genitive indefinite plural)
ulurekin (comitative indefinite)
uluarekin (comitative indefinite singular)
uluekin (comitative indefinite plural)
ulurengatik (causative indefinite)
uluarengatik (causative indefinite singular)
uluengatik (causative indefinite plural)
ulurentzat (benefactive indefinite)
uluarentzat (benefactive indefinite singular)
uluentzat (benefactive indefinite plural)
uluz (indefinite instrumental)
uluaz (indefinite instrumental singular)
uluez (indefinite instrumental plural)
ulutan (indefinite inessive)
uluan (indefinite inessive singular)
uluetan (indefinite inessive plural)
ulutako (indefinite locative)
uluko (indefinite locative singular)
uluetako (indefinite locative plural)
ulutara (allative indefinite)
ulura (allative indefinite singular)
uluetara (allative indefinite plural)
ulutaraino (indefinite terminative)
uluraino (indefinite singular terminative)
uluetaraino (indefinite plural terminative)
ulutarantz (directive indefinite)
ulurantz (directive indefinite singular)
uluetarantz (directive indefinite plural)
ulutarako (destinative indefinite)
ulurako (destinative indefinite singular)
uluetarako (destinative indefinite plural)
ulutatik (ablative indefinite)
ulutik (ablative indefinite singular)
uluetatik (ablative indefinite plural)
ulurik (indefinite partitive)
ulutzat (indefinite prolative)


Cumberland

From Middle English Cumberlond, Cumberland, Cumbreland, from Old English Cumberland, Cumbraland, Cumerland, from Cumbric *Cumbri + Old English land, from Proto-Brythonic *kömrüɣ, plural of *kömroɣ. By surface analysis, Cumbria + -land. Doublet of Cambria. Cognate with Welsh Cymru.

Cumberland
Cumberland (disambiguation)
Cumberland, Maryland

A river in Kentucky and Tennessee, United States, a tributary to the Ohio River.


Connecticut

Said to be from Mohegan-Pequot quinnitukqut (“at the long tidal river”), from *kwen- (“long”) (spelling due to confusion with connect) + *-ehtekw (“tidal river”) + *-enk (locative).

bor

Alabama · Alaska · Arizona · Arkansas · California · Colorado · Connecticut · Delaware · Florida · Georgia · Hawaii · Idaho · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Louisiana · Maine · Maryland · Massachusetts · Michigan · Minnesota · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · Nevada · New Hampshire · New Jersey · New Mexico · New York · North Carolina · North Dakota · Ohio · Oklahoma · Oregon · Pennsylvania · Rhode Island · South Carolina · South Dakota · Tennessee · Texas · Utah · Vermont · Virginia · Washington · West Virginia · Wisconsin · Wyoming

A river in the United States that flows from northern New Hampshire into Long Island Sound.

American Samoa · Guam · Northern Mariana Islands · Puerto Rico · United States minor outlying islands · United States Virgin Islands


Connecticut

Borrowed from English Connecticut, from Mohegan-Pequot quinnitukqut (“at the long tidal river”), from *kwen- (“long”) + *-ehtekw (“tidal river”) + *-enk (“place”).

Connecticut (a river in the United States)


Avon

From Proto-Brythonic *aβon (“river”). Compare with Welsh afon.

A number of rivers in the United Kingdom:

A river in Wiltshire, Somerset and Bristol, England; running from Acton Turville into the Bristol Channel at Avonmouth.

A river in Devon, England; running from Dartmoor into the English Channel at Bigbury-on-Sea.

A river in Northamptonshire, Leicestershire, Warwickshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire, England; running from Naseby into the Severn at Tewkesbury, and known as the Warwickshire Avon.

A river in Wiltshire, Hampshire and Dorset, England; running from Pewsey into the English Channel at Mudeford.

A river in Hampshire, England; running from the New Forest into the Solent at Keyhaven.

A river in England; running from Horton into the Berkeley Pill at Berkeley.

A river mainly in Falkirk council area, Scotland; running from Longriggend into the Firth of Forth at Grangemouth.

A river in Scotland; running from Loch A'an in the Cairngorms into the Spey at Ballindalloch.

A river in Scotland; running from Distinkhorn Hill near Strathaven into the Clyde at Hamilton.

A river in Canada; running from Lake Victoria in Stratford, Ontario into the Thames near St. Marys.

A river in Canada; running from South Mountain in Nova Scotia to the Minas Basin at Avonport.

A river in New Zealand; running from Avonhead into Pegasus Bay.

A river in New Zealand; running from a source in the Marlborough Region into the Waihopai.

A river in Australia; running from Barrington Tops in New South Wales into the Gloucester River at Gloucester.

A river in Australia; running from the Illawarra escarpment in New South Wales into the Cordeaux near Wilton.

A river in Australia; running from Mount Wellington in Victoria into Lake Wellington.

A river in Australia; running from the confluence of Avon and Reedy Creeks in Victoria into the Richardson River at Banyena.

A river in Australia; running from near Pingelly in Western Australia to Walyunga National Park, where it merges with Wooroloo Brook to form the Swan.


Wisconsin

Borrowed from French Ouisconsin, itself borrowed from an uncertain Native American language. Theories include:
* Miami meeskohsinki or Algonquin meskousing, both meaning "it lies red", the name given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian-speaking American Indian groups living in the region at the time of European contact. "Meskousing" is known from maps drawn by the French from the 1670s onwards, it is believed subsequent transcribers mistook the stylized cursive "M" for "OU".
* Menominee wēskōhsek (“a good place”), from Wēskōhsek Sēpēw ("the river where it is good to live")
* An Ojibwe term, suggestions include miskwasiniig (“red stones”), referring to the red sandstone of the dells of the Wisconsin River; and wiishihkaanhs (“little lodge”), referring to the dwellings of the abundant beavers and muskrats.
A researcher for the State of Wisconsin Historical Society concluded in frustration, "I have not found two Indians to agree on the meaning of this word."

A river in the United States that flows from northern Wisconsin into the Mississippi.


Wisconsin

Unadapted borrowing from English Wisconsin.

ubor

Wisconsin (a river in the United States)


Ohio

From Seneca Ohi:yoʼ, a proper name derived from ohi:yo:h (“good river”). The name of the Allegheny river, which the Lenape and Iroquois considered to be part of the same single river as the Ohio, means the same thing in Unami.

A river in the United States, flowing 981 miles from the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela at Pittsburgh into the Mississippi at Cairo, Illinois.


Ohio

Borrowed from English Ohio, from Seneca ohiːyoʼ, a proper name derived from ohiːyoːh (“good river”).


Colorado

/kɑləˈɹɑdoʊ/

/kɑləˈɹædoʊ/

/kɒləˈɹɑːdəʊ/

From Spanish colorado (“red, ruddy, colored”), usually from the reddish appearance of some silt-laden rivers, or from Portuguese colorado in the case of Brazilian locations.

der

Colorado (disambiguation)
Colorado River

Meronym: humpback chub

A million cascade brooks unite to form a thousand torrent creeks ; a thousand torrent creeks unite to form half a hundred rivers beset with cataracts ; half a hundred roaring rivers unite to form the Colorado, which rolls, a mad, turbid stream, into the Gulf of California.

1895, J[ohn] W[esley] Powell, chapter I, in Canyons of the Colorado, Meadville, PA: Flood & Vincent; republished as The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons, New York: Dover, 1961, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 29:

Gulf of California
Gulf of California#English

A major river of western North America, running from the Rocky Mountains in the United States to the Gulf of California in Mexico.

A river in Texas in the United States, flowing into the Gulf of Mexico.

A river in southern Argentina, running from the Andes into the Atlantic.


Colorado

The Colorado River (a major river of western North America, running from the Rocky Mountains in the United States to the Gulf of California in Mexico.)


Colorado

Colorado (a river in North America, located between the United States and Mexico)


Iowa

From French Aiouez/Ayoés, an early transliteration of the name for the Iowa tribe, from Dakota ayúxba (“sleepy ones”).

A tributary of the Mississippi River which flows through Iowa in a southeast direction.


Michigan

Borrowed from English Michigan, from Ojibwe mishigami (“great lake”)/ᒥᔑᑲᒥ.


Missouri

From a French adaptation of Miami wimihsoorita (“the people who have dugout canoes”), a term for the inhabitants of the area around the Missouri River.

The longest river in North America, rising in the Rocky Mountains of western Montana and flowing roughly southeast over 2,300 miles through North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas and Missouri, before joining the Mississippi at St. Louis.


Missouri

de-proper noun

der Missouri m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Missouris)

der Missouri (canonical masculine)
des Missouris (definite genitive)


Missouri

Borrowed from English Missouri, from a French adaptation of Miami wimihsoorita (“the people who have dugout canoes”), a term for the inhabitants of the area around the Missouri River.


Missouri

Unadapted borrowing from English Missouri.


Illinois

From a French adaptation of an Algonquian (perhaps Ojibwe) name derived from Miami ilenweewa (“he speaks the regular way”).

der

A river in the United States that flows from Grundy County, Illinois, into the Mississippi River.

A river in Colorado, United States that flows from the Never Summer Mountains in the Rockies into the Michigan River.

A river in Oklahoma, United States that flows from the Ozarks into the Arkansas River.

A river in Oregon, United States that flows from the southwestern corner of the state into the Rogue River.


Illinois

Borrowed from English Illinois, from a French adaptation of an Algonquian name derived from Miami ilenweewa (“he speaks the regular way”).


Pacific Ocean

cf. Pacific. Portuguese explorer Magellan called the ocean pacífico (“peaceful”) (in c. 1519) because, after sailing through the stormy seas off Cape Horn, the expedition found calm waters.

An ocean, the world's largest body of water, to the east of Asia and Australasia and to the west of the Americas.

האוקיינוס השקט \ הָאוֹקְיָנוֹס הַשָּׁקַט


Delaware

The river in the northeastern United States was named for Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr (1577–1618). The people and the state were named for the river.

A river in the northeastern United States, running from the Catskills into the Atlantic Ocean at Delaware Bay.

A river in the United States that flows from northeast Kansas into the Kansas River.

Several places in the United States, named for the people or the state.

A city, the county seat of Delaware County, Ohio.

An unincorporated community in Ripley County, Indiana.

An unincorporated community in Shannon County, Missouri.

A ghost town in Keweenaw County, Michigan, in the Upper Peninsula.

A number of townships in the United States, listed under Delaware Township.


Delaware

Unadapted borrowing from English Delaware.

ubor

Delaware (a river in the eastern United States)


Kent

From Old English Cent, from Latin Cantium, from Brythonic *Cantio (compare Old Irish céite (“gathering, folkmoot, hillock”)), from Proto-Celtic *kantos (“corner, rim”).

cog

A river in Cumbria, England, which flows into Morecambe Bay at Arnside.


Alabama

From Alabama Albaamaha, the name of a people native to the area.

A river in Alabama; flowing 318 miles from the confluence of the Tallapoosa and Coosa near Coosada until its confluence with the Tombigbee, forming the Mobile, near Calvert.


Alabama

Borrowed from English Alabama, itself likely from Alabama Albaamaha.


Alabama

Alabama (nominative singular)
Alabamy (genitive singular)
Alabamie (dative singular)
Alabamę (accusative singular)
Alabamą (instrumental singular)
Alabamie (locative singular)
Alabamo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Alabama, from Alabama Albaamaha.


Alabama

[ɐ.lɐˈβɐ.mɐ]

[ɐ.lɐˈβɐ.mɐ]

southeastern region
southeastern region#English

Alabama (a river in the southeastern region, United States)


Nile

Aman dawū

ⲁⲙⲁⲛ ⲇⲁⳣⲟ̅ⲩ̅, امان داوو

The seven mouths of the Nile then, from east to west, are the Pelusian, the Mendesian, the Bucolic, the Sebennytic, the Saïtic, the Bolbitine, and the Canopic. Such is the account of Heredotus.

1844, Pierre Henri Larcher, William Desborough Cooley, Larcher's notes on Herodotus:

A river you think so little about, you don’t even realize that’s not the Nile, this is the Nile.

2016 March 6, “Special Districts”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 3, episode 4, via HBO:

A large river in Africa flowing through Khartoum and Cairo into the Mediterranean Sea, usually considered to be the longest river in the world.

Nile Township, Scioto County, Ohio, a township in Ohio, United States, named after the river.

Bucolic

Phatnitic, Phatnic, Phatmetic, Athribitic


Arkansas

/ˈɑɹ.kənˌsɔ/

From the name of the Arkansas River, from French Arcansas, a (plural) designation of either a Siouan tribe or the Quapaw. This designation is sometimes claimed to derive from a Quapaw word *akakaze (“land of downriver people”) or a Lakota/Dakota word *akakaze (“people of the south wind”); more likely, it derives from a Siouan ethnonym cognate to Kansa (whence also the name of the state of Kansas).

A river in the United States, rising in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, and flowing generally southeast over 1,400 miles through Kansas, Oklahoma and Arkansas, where it joins the Mississippi in Desha County.

Arkansaw

the spelling used when the territory was organized in 1819


Arkansas

Borrowed from English Arkansas, from French Arcansas.


Tennessee

From Cherokee ᏔᎾᏏ (tanasi), believed to mean “winding river”.

A river in the United States, that flows from eastern Tennessee into the Ohio River.


Tennessee

Borrowed from English Tennessee, from Cherokee ᏔᎾᏏ (tanasi).

Tennessee (a river in the United States)


Tennessee

Tennessee (a river in the eastern United States)


Mississippi

Borrowed from Ojibwe misi-ziibi, ᒥᓯ᐀ᓰᐱ (misi-siipi, “great river”).

(with the) A major river in the United States that flows from north-central Minnesota into the Gulf of Mexico.


Mississippi

Although its current spelling may be derived from that of its much larger American cousin, it is most certainly a corruption of a different indigenous name, as the translation “great water” would not apply to a relatively minor tributary of the Ottawa, definitely the largest river in the area. Instead, the name may originate from Mazinaa[bikinigan]-ziibi, Algonquian for “[painted] image river”, referring to the pictographs found on Mazinaw Lake, though this is by no means proven.

A river in Canada that flows from eastern Ontario into the Ottawa River.


Mississippi

Mississippi (a river in the United States)


Rijn

From Middle Dutch rijn, from Old Dutch *Rīn, from Proto-West Germanic *Rīn, from Proto-Germanic *Rīnaz, from a Celtic language.

Wie op den Rijn per stoomboot reist, moet veel lodderige lonken kunnen afzien, […]

1874, Tony, Twee reisnovellen van den Rijn, W.C. de Graaff, 52

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

The Rhine, a major European river flowing through Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, France, Germany and the Netherlands. In the Netherlands the river (including its distributaries) flows through the provinces of Gelderland, Overijssel, Utrecht, North Holland and South Holland.


Rhein

de-proper noun

der Rhein m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Rheins or des Rheines)

der Rhein (canonical masculine)
des Rheins (definite genitive)
des Rheines (definite genitive)

→ Russian: Рейн (Rejn)

desc

→ Chinese: → 萊茵／莱茵 (Láiyīn) (transliteration)

From Middle High German Rīn, from Old High German Rīn, from Proto-West Germanic *Rīn (“the river Rhine”). The spelling with Rh- after Latin Rhenus, itself possibly a Hellenizing form.

inh

Meronyms: Alpenrhein, Hochrhein, Oberrhein, Mittelrhein, Niederrhein, Deltarhein

Rhine (a major river in Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, France and the Netherlands, emptying into the North Sea)


Рейн

Rɛjn (romanization)
Ре́йна (genitive)
Ре́йн (nominative singular)
Ре́йна (genitive singular)
Ре́йну (dative singular)
Ре́йн (accusative singular)
Ре́йном (instrumental singular)
Ре́йне (prepositional singular)


Rhin

From Old High German Rīn, from Proto-West Germanic *Rīn.

Rhine (a major river in Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, France, Germany and the Netherlands)


rivulet

From Old French riveret (“little stream”) or from Italian rivoletto, from Italian rivo, from Latin rivus.


Mandel

en-proper-noun

Mandel (countable and uncountable, plural Mandels)

* Germanic surname (Dutch Mandel, German Mandel, Yiddish Mandel, all meaning "almond"). Also found in Slovenian as Mandelj.
* As a south German and Austrian surname, variant of Mandl, from Mann + -l.
* As a Dutch surname, from mandel (“sheaf of wheat”) (see Mandel below).
* As a Jewish surname, variant of Mendel.


Gordon

The main etymology, associated with Celtic names, is from the Scots surname Gordon, from a place name, but the origin is debated:
* If the English or Scots name is from a Brythonic language (such as Old Welsh or Old Breton), then possibly from a Proto-Brythonic compound such as *gor (“spacious”) + *din (“fort”);
* If the Scots name is itself from English, then possibly from French Gourdon, derived from Gallo-Roman Latin Gordus, from Gaulish *Gordos;
* Otherwise, possibly ultimately from Old English *gor-dūn (“mud hill”) whence a habitational name.

A place name:
A locale in Australia.
A river in Tasmania, Australia.

A river in Western Australia, Australia; named for British statesman George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen.


baltă

bălți (plural)
baltă (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
balta (accusative definite nominative singular)
bălți (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
bălțile (accusative definite nominative plural)
bălți (indefinite singular)
bălții (definite singular)
bălți (indefinite plural)
bălților (definite plural)
baltă (singular vocative)
balto (singular vocative)
bălților (plural vocative)

It is generally agreed to be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelH- (“to gleam”), but there is disagreement whether the word is one of the earliest Romanian loans from Proto-Slavic *bolto (“swamp”), or whether it is a substratum word. Compare Albanian baltë (“mud”), Aromanian baltã, Italian palta (“swamp”) and Greek βάλτος (váltos, “swamp”).

der

puddle, pond, pool (especially muddy); also swamp


pârâu

pâraie (plural)
pârâuri (plural)
pârâu (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
pârâul (accusative definite nominative singular)
pâraie (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
pâraiele (accusative definite nominative plural)
pârâu (indefinite singular)
pârâului (definite singular)
pâraie (indefinite plural)
pâraielor (definite plural)
pârâule (singular vocative)
pâraielor (plural vocative)

Unknown. Influenced by râu (“river”), compare Megleno-Romanian păroi. Possibly from a Slavic language (compare Bulgarian порой (poroj)). Alternative theories suggest Albanian përrua, Thracian *parau(t) and Greek *παρροή (*parroḯ), from παραρροή (pararroḯ).


Sejm

Sejm (nominative singular)
Sejmu (genitive singular)
Sejmowi (dative singular)
Sejm (accusative singular)
Sejmem (instrumental singular)
Sejmie (locative singular)
Sejmie (singular vocative)


isthmus

la-noun

isthmus m (genitive isthmī); second declension

isthmī (genitive)
isthmus (nominative singular)
isthmī (nominative plural)
isthmī (genitive singular)
isthmōrum (genitive plural)
isthmō (dative singular)
isthmīs (dative plural)
isthmum (accusative singular)
isthmōs (accusative plural)
isthmō (ablative singular)
isthmīs (ablative plural)
isthme (singular vocative)
isthmī (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: ismu

→ Catalan: istme

→ Dutch: istmus

→ English: isthmus

→ Esperanto: istmo

Ido: istmo

→ French: isthme

→ Romanian: istm

→ Galician: istmo

→ German: Isthmus

→ Italian: istmo

→ Portuguese: istmo

→ Spanish: istmo

→ Basque: istmo

[ˈɪs̠t̪ʰmʊs̠]

Borrowing from Ancient Greek ῐ̓σθμός (isthmós, “neck, narrow passage”), possibly from εἶμῐ (eîmi, “to go”).

bor

a strip of land between two seas; an isthmus


tarn

From Middle English terne, tarne (“lake; pond, pool”), from Old Norse tjǫrn (“a small lake without tributaries”), from Proto-Germanic *ternō (“water hole”), perhaps related to *turnaz (“bitter, embittered”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to separate, split; to crack, shatter”). The word is cognate with Danish tjern, Faroese tjørn (“pond”), Icelandic tjörn (“pond”), Norwegian Bokmål tjern (“small forest or mountain lake”) (Norwegian Nynorsk tjern, tjørn), Swedish tjärn (“small forest lake”).

cog

Thou Wind, that ravest without, / Bare craig, or mountain-tairn, or blasted tree, / Or pine-grove whither woodman never clomb, / Or lonely house, long held the witches' home, / Methinks were fitter instruments for thee, / Mad Lutanist! [footnote: Tairn is a small lake, generally if not always applied to the lakes up in the mountains, and which are the feeders of those in the valleys.[…]]

1802 October 4, S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, “Dejection: An Ode”, in The Morning Post; republished in Henry Nelson Coleridge, editor, The Poetical Works of S. T. Coleridge, volume I (Juvenile Poems; Sibylline Leaves), London: William Pickering, 1834, →OCLC, stanza VII, page 239:

It was possible, I reflected, that a mere different arrangement of the particulars of the scene [of the House of Usher], of the details of the picture, would be sufficient to modify, or perhaps to annihilate its capacity for sorrowful impression; and, acting upon this idea, I reined my horse to the precipitous brink of a black and lurid tarn that lay in unruffled lustre by the dwelling, and gazed down—but with a shudder even more thrilling than before—upon the re-modelled and inverted images of the gray sedge, and the ghastly tree-stems, and the vacant and eye-like windows.

1839 September, Edgar A[llan] Poe, “The Fall of the House of Usher”, in William E[vans] Burton and Edgar A. Poe, editors, Burton’s Gentleman’s Magazine, and American Monthly Review, volume V, number III, Philadelphia, Pa.: William E. Burton, […], →OCLC, page 145:

Tarns are found in some of the vales, and are numerous upon the mountains. A Tarn, in a Vale, implies, for the most part, that the bed of the vale is not happily formed; that the water of the brooks can neither wholly escape, nor diffuse itself over a large area. Accordingly, in such situtions, Tarns are often surrounded by an unsightly tract of boggy ground; but this is not always the case, […]

1853, [William] Wordsworth, [Adam] Sedgwick, “Description of the Scenery of the Lakes”, in John Hudson, editor, A Complete Guide to the Lakes, Comprising Minute Directions for the Tourist; with Mr. Wordsworth’s Description of the Scenery of the Country, etc.: And Five Letters on the Geology of the Lake District, by the Rev. Professor Sedgwick, 4th edition, Kendal, Cumbria: Published by John Hudson; London: Longman and Co., and Whittaker and Co.; Liverpool: Webb, Castle-St.; Manchester: Simms and Co., →OCLC, section first (View of the Country as Formed by Nature), page 125:

In another story the remarkable mystery of the umbrella lost at the shores of a tarn and retrieved at the seaside is explained by the underground communication between the two.

1976, Linda Dégh, Andrew Vázsonyi, “Legend and Belief”, in Dan Ben-Amos, editor, Folklore Genres (Publications of the American Folklore Society, Bibliographical and Special Series; 26), Austin, Tex., London: University of Texas Press, →ISBN, part 2 (The Ethnography of Folklore Genres), page 114:

(Northern England) A small mountain lake, especially in Northern England.

tjørn (tjenn, tjønn, unofficial spellings)


piscine

From Latin piscīna (“fishpond; swimming pool”), from piscis (“fish”), from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.


slough

en-verb

slough (third-person singular simple present sloughs, present participle sloughing, simple past and past participle sloughed)

sloughs (present singular third-person)
sloughing (participle present)
sloughed (participle past)
sloughed (past)

From Middle English slogh, slugh, slouh, from Proto-Germanic *sluk-, perhaps related to *sleupaną (“to slip, sneak”) (compare Gothic 𐍃𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌽 (sliupan)).
Akin to Middle Low German slô (“sheath, skin on a hoof”). Perhaps also related with Old Saxon slūk (“snakeskin”), Middle High German slūch, whence German Schlauch (“waterskin, hose”).

cog

This skin is being sloughed.

Snakes slough their skin periodically.

When Harper came back into the infirmary of the Hyperion, Alec was laboriously trying to pull on his pants. His burned skin had healed over the intervening day, the damaged layer sloughed off and quickly replaced thanks to SAM’s efforts, but the buildup of waste products in Alec’s body from the accelerated healing had left him with sore muscles and achy joints.

2017 November, N. K. Jemisin, Mac Walters, chapter 16, in Mass Effect Andromeda: Initiation, 1st edition (Science Fiction), Titan Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 293:

(transitive) To shed skin or outer layers.

A week after he was burned, a layer of skin on his arm sloughed off.

The mud sloughed off her palms easily […]

2013, Casey Watson, Mummy’s Little Helper: The heartrending true story of a young girl:

1944 United States. Bureau of Mines · War Minerals Report 386. Google books
The adit penetrated the vug ... and at this level ... it was filled with material that had ... sloughed off the walls.

An avalanche sloughing off a Utah mountainside killed a state Department of Transportation avalanche forecaster while he was surveying snow levels near a popular winter recreation area, authorities reported.

2013 April 13, Michael Mello, “Avalanche forecaster killed in Utah avalanche”, in Los Angeles Times:

(intransitive) To slide off or flake off, as an outer layer, such as skin, might do.


slough

Maxwell Township, Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota

From Middle English slough (“muddy place; swamp; mire”), Old English slōh, probably from Proto-Germanic *slōhaz.

inh

We paddled under a canopy of trees through the slough.

At that time I had no staff officer who could be trusted with that duty. In the woods, at a short distance below the clearing, I found a depression, dry at the time, but which at high water became a slough or bayou.

1886, Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, volume 2:

(Eastern US) A type of swamp or shallow lake system, typically formed as or by the backwater of a larger waterway, similar to a bayou with trees.


Ionian Sea

A sea in the central and east central part of the Mediterranean.


Columbia

From Columbus + -ia, the Latinized name of the European explorer, Christopher Columbus. Piecewise doublet of Colombia.

A river in British Columbia, Canada and in Washington and Oregon, United States, flowing from the Canadian Rockies to the Pacific Ocean.


stretto

it-adj

stretto (feminine stretta, masculine plural stretti, feminine plural strette, superlative strettissimo)

stretta (feminine)
stretti (masculine plural)
strette (feminine plural)
strettissimo (superlative)

From Latin strictus, perfect passive participle of stringō.


mor

morioù (plural)
mor (singular unmutated)
vor (mutation-soft singular)
morioù (plural unmutated)
vorioù (mutation-soft plural)

From Middle Breton and Old Breton mor, from Proto-Brythonic *mor, from Proto-Celtic *mori, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Mor-Bihan

small sea; Department in Brittany, meaning


Lynn

A river in Ontario, flowing from the town of Simcoe into Lake Erie.


Vrbas

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English


Москва

ru-proper noun+

Москва́ • (Moskvá) f inan (genitive Москвы́, relational adjective моско́вский)

Москва́ (canonical)
Moskvá (romanization)
Москвы́ (genitive)
моско́вский (adjective relational)
Москва́ (nominative singular)
Москвы́ (genitive singular)
Москве́ (dative singular)
Москву́ (accusative singular)
Москво́й (instrumental singular)
Москво́ю (instrumental singular)
Москве́ (prepositional singular)
Москва́ (dated nominative singular)
Москвы́ (dated genitive singular)
Москвѣ́ (dated dative singular)
Москву́ (accusative dated singular)
Москво́й (dated instrumental singular)
Москво́ю (dated instrumental singular)
Москвѣ́ (dated prepositional singular)

→ Armenian: Մոսկվա (Moskva)

→ Azerbaijani: Moskva

→ Belarusian: Масква (Maskva)

→ Czech: Moskva

Czech: moskva (“rye bread”) (uncommon)

→ Dungan: Москва (Moskva)

→ Greek: Μόσχα (Móscha)

→ Hebrew: מוסקבה (moskvá)

→ Hungarian: Moszkva

→ Ingrian: Moskova

→ Italian: Mosca

→ Japanese: モスクワ (Mosukuwa)

→ Karaim: Москва (Moskva)

→ Korean: 모스크바 (moseukeuba)

→ Kyrgyz: Москва (Moskva)

→ Latvian: Maskava

→ Lithuanian: Maskva

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Moskva

→ Polish: Moskwa

→ Romanian: Moscova

→ Slovak: Moskva

→ Vietnamese: Mát-xcơ-va

→ Yiddish: מאָסקווע (moskve)

Inherited from Old East Slavic *Москꙑ (*Mosky), originally referring to the river, probably from Proto-Slavic *mosky of unknown origin. Perhaps related to Czech moskva (“raw bread”), Slovak mozga (“puddle”), Polish Mozgawa, and more distantly Lithuanian mazgóti (“to wash, rinse”), Sanskrit मज्जति (májjati, “to sink”), Latin mergō (“to dive”). Doublet of Моско́вия (Moskóvija).

inh+

Москва́ впада́ет в Оку́ у го́рода Коло́мна. ― Moskvá vpadájet v Okú u góroda Kolómna. ― The Moskva flows into the Oka River near the town of Kolomna.


Huang He

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 黃河／黄河 (Huáng Hé, literally “Yellow River”).

uder

Temüjin was about 66 years old. His hair and beard had long since turned white. He had come to lay siege to Ningxia (now called Yinchuan), the fortified capital of the Minyak empire of the Xixia, against whom he had been waging war for over a year, and he had retreated to the other side of the Yellow River (Huang He), not far from the Great Wall, on high ground, a place where he could find some refreshment, for he was already aware that it would not be long before he entered the realm of his brave ancestors.

1990, Michel Hoang, translated by Ingrid Cranfield, Genghis Khan, Saqi Books, →ISBN, page 20:

Synonym of Yellow River: the Mandarin Chinese-derived name.


Huang He

Yellow River, Huang He (a river in northern China)


Huang He

Yellow River (a river in northern China)


Yellow Sea

Calque from Chinese 黃海／黄海 (literally “yellow (color) sea”).

The extent of the great gulph called Whang Hay, or the Yellow Sea, being at preſent unknown, it may be left to the Commander’s diſcretion, to proceed up it as far as he may think proper: he muſt be cautious, however, not to entangle himſelf in it too far, left he ſhould not have ſufficient time left for the proſecution of the remainder of his voyage.

1784, James Cook, James King, Cook's Voyage to the Pacific Ocean, volume IV, London: John Stockdale, page 248:

For centuries, travelers from Asia Minor, Europe and later America prized the carpets woven in Tientsin, a Yellow Sea port in North China.

1973 July 1, “Art of Tientsin rugs revived”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIV, number 25, Taipei, page 2:

It was New Year's Eve, and the eighteen American officials who had hurriedly gathered in the State Department Operations Room on 31 December 1970, were still sharply divided after four hours of discussion.¹ The issue was what, if anything, the Seventh Fleet should do in the event of Chinese naval action against the U.S. seismic survey vessels then beginning to explore for oil in disputed waters of the East China Sea, the Taiwan Strait, and the Yellow Sea.

1977, Selig S. Harrison, China, Oil and Asia: Conflict Ahead?, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 1:

The combined East China Sea and Yellow Sea (ECS/YS) covers roughly 1,250,000 km² and is one of the most developed continental shelf areas in the world (Yanagi and Takahashi, 1993). While the Yellow Sea (YS) covers a relatively large area, it is quite shallow reaching a maximum depth of about 140 m (Figure 1). The water depth over most of the area is less than 50 m.

1998, Akira Kuninaka, AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS AND WATER MASS STRUCTURE OF THE EAST CHINA SEA AND YELLOW SEA, Naval Postgraduate School, page 1:

An arm of the Pacific Ocean between mainland China and the Korean peninsula.


bocht

nl-noun

bocht f or m (plural bochten, diminutive bochtje n)

bochten (plural)
bochtje (diminutive neuter)

Berbice Creole Dutch: boktu

→ Papiamentu: bògt

→ Sranan Tongo: boktu

→ Aukan: bokutu

→ Caribbean Javanese: boktu

From Middle Dutch bocht, from Old Dutch *buht, from Proto-West Germanic *buhti, from Proto-Germanic *buhtiz. Equivalent to buigen (“to bend, bow”) + -t (“verbal noun”).

suffix

a bight, broad curvature of a coastline, bay


Franklin

en-prop

Franklin (countable and uncountable, plural Franklins)

From Middle English frankelein (“freeholder”), see franklin. The place names are mostly named after American statesman Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790).


Williams

en-proper noun

Williams (countable and uncountable, plural Williamses)

威廉姆斯

transliterations of the English surname "Williams"

A placename.
A place in the United States:
A river in Oregon.

A river in Vermont; named for Puritan minister John Williams.

A placename.
A place in the United States:
A river in West Virginia.

A placename.
A place in Australia.
A river in New South Wales.

A river in Western Australia; probably named for William IV of the United Kingdom.


Strait of Messina

The narrow section of water between the eastern tip of Sicily and the southern tip of mainland Italy.

مَضِيْق مِسِّينَة

narrow section of water between Sicily and mainland Italy


whirlpool

From earlier whirlpoole, whirlpole, apparently from Middle English *whirlpole, potentially coalescing Old English hwierfel (“whirlpool”) and Old English hwierfepōl (“whirlpool”). Equivalent to whirl + pool. Cognate with Scots quhirlepole, whirle-pule (“whirlpool”). Compare also English whirlpit.
Eclipsed non-native Middle English gurges (“whirlpool”), borrowed from Latin gurges (“whirlpool”).

The meatloaf has been cooking in the oven for the last hour and should be ready just about the time George climbs out of the whirlpool.

1995, Orange Coast Magazine, volume 21, number 6, page 56:


Roy

Roy (countable and uncountable, plural Roys)

→ French: Roy

→ Norwegian: Roy

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Roy

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Roy

→ Swedish: Roy

From various sources:
* Anglo-Norman roy (“king”) a variant of Old French roi, from Latin rēx, rēgem from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”). Doublet of Rey.
* Scottish Gaelic ruadh (“red, red-haired”) from Old Irish rúad, from Proto-Celtic *roudos from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-.
* Anglicisation of Bengali রায় (raẏ, surname).

der

A river and glen (see Glen Roy) in Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom


Vistula

/ˈvɪst͡ʃʊlə/

The longest river in Poland, which flows into the Baltic Sea.


Vistula

la-proper noun

Vistula f sg (genitive Vistulae); first declension

Vistulae (genitive)
Vistula (nominative singular)
Vistulae (genitive singular)
Vistulae (dative singular)
Vistulam (accusative singular)
Vistulā (ablative singular)
Vistula (singular vocative)

In the form Visula and Visla at least sometimes directly acquired from Proto-Slavic *Visъla. The form Viscla resolves the /sl/ cluster like in Sclavus, uncommon in Latin, and in Germanic, via which it has sometimes been acquired.
Often explained as from the Proto-Indo-European root *weys- (“to flow”) as in Proto-Germanic *waisǭ (“mire”), although if of Slavic origin then *visěti (“to hang”) would afford a readier stem, suffixed + *-lo + *-a or + *-sla, for which ever reason they would have called it the “hanging river” or “saggy stream”.

Sclavini a Civitate Novidunensi (Mss. : Civitate Nova et Sclavino Rumunensi), et lacu qui appellatur Mursianus (var. : Musianus, Murianus), usque ad Danastrum, et in Boream Viscla tenus commorantur: hi paludes silvasque pro civitatibus habent.

551, Jordanes, De origine actibusque Getarum, section V:

The Slavs abide from Noviodunum ad Istrum now known as Isákča and the Mursa lake to the Dniester, and farther north up to the Vistula: here they have the swamps and forests for municipalities.


Allen

en-proper noun

Allen (countable and uncountable, plural Allens)

Wimborne Minster
Wimborne Minster#English

A river in Dorset, which joins the (Dorset) Stour at Wimborne Minster.

A river in Northumberland, which joins the South Tyne.

A river in north Cornwall, which joins the River Camel near Sladesbridge.

A minor river in south-west Cornwall, which forms the Truro River at Truro.


pill

* From Middle English pille (also pillem), a borrowing from Middle Low German pille or Middle Dutch pille (whence Dutch pil), probably from Latin pila, pilula.
* (persuade or convince): Generalized from red pill.

One sleeve, threadbare and loaded with what my mother called “sweater pills,” hung halfway to the floor.

1999, Wally Lamb, I Know This Much Is True:

(textile) A small piece of any substance, for example a ball of fibres formed on the surface of a textile fabric by rubbing. Colloquially known as a bobble, fuzzball, or lint ball.


Miami

Miami
Miami (disambiguation)
en:Lake Okeechobee
en:Mayaimi
en:Miami River (Florida)

From Mayaimi, one of only ten words recorded from the language of the now-extinct Mayaimi people, meaning "big water", referring to the large lake on whose shores they lived, alternately called Lake Miami, Lake Mayimi, Lake Maymi, Lake Maimi; now called Lake Okeechobee. The Florida city is named for the Miami River. The river is named for its source, Lake Miami.

Ellipsis of Lake Miami.; Former name of Lake Okeechobee.; A lake in Florida, the source of the Miami River.

Lake Miami

Miami-Dade County
Miami-Dade County#English

Ellipsis of Miami River.; A river in Miami-Dade County, Florida, a river flowing past the city of Miami, Dade.


gulf

From Middle English gulf, goulf, golf, from Old French golf, from Italian golfo, from Late Latin colfos, from Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “bosom, gulf”), of obscure origin, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp- (“to curve, arch”).

der

[T]here is no such mine, / None; but a gulf of ruin, swallowing gold, not making.

1864, Alfred Tennyson, “Sea Dreams”, in Enoch Arden, &c., London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, page 100:

That which swallows irretrievably; a whirlpool; a sucking eddy.


glas

head

glas (genitive singular masculine glais, genitive singular feminine glaise, plural glasa, comparative glaise)

glais (genitive masculine singular)
glaise (feminine genitive singular)
glasa (plural)
glaise (comparative)
nominative (positive)
glas (masculine singular)

Inherited from Old Irish glas, from Proto-Celtic *glastos.

Is glas na cnoic i bhfad uainn (proverb)

green (of grass, trees, etc.; environmentally friendly)


glas

glas f (genitive singular glaise, nominative plural glasa)

glaise (genitive singular)
glasa (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
glas (indefinite singular)
glasa (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a ghlas (indefinite singular)
a ghlasa (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
glaise (indefinite singular)
glas (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an ghlas (definite singular)
na glasa (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na glaise (definite singular)
na nglas (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an nglas (definite singular)
don ghlas (definite singular)
leis na glasa (definite plural)
glas
ghlas
nglas

Inherited from Old Irish glais, glaise, glas.


Detroit

Borrowed from English Detroit, from French Détroit, from détroit.

A river in Michigan, United States and Ontario, Canada


Margaret

en-proper noun

Margaret (countable and uncountable, plural Margarets)

From the name of a legendary third century saint, from Middle English Margaret, from Old French Margaret (French Marguerite), from Latin Margarita, from Ancient Greek μαργαρίτης (margarítēs, “pearl”), ultimately from an Indo-Iranian source.
The same source, through folk etymology, has produced Old English meregrot (“pearl”, literally “stone or pebble of the sea”), related to Old Saxon merigrita, merigriota (“pearl”), Old High German merigrioz, equivalent to mer- + groat.

cog

A river in southwestern Western Australia, presumed named for a cousin of John Garrett Bussell, founder of Busselton.

A river in Kimberley, Western Australia, named for its European discoverer's sister-in-law.


Hastings

The placename in England is derived from the Old English tribal name Hæstingas (“Hæsta's people, the family/followers of Hæsta”), which was later transferred to their settlement.
The family name has two possible sources:
* from the place name
* a patronymic surname derived from the Anglo-Norman personal name Hasten(c), Hastang
The later place names in other countries are named either after people with that family name, or after the town of Hastings in England.

The Hastings River, a river in New South Wales, Australia, which flows into the Tasman Sea at Port Macquarie. Named after Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings.


Brit

1901, either a shortening of Britisher or Briton, or a back-formation from British.

The River Brit, a short river in Dorset, England, which flows through Bridport to the sea at West Bay.


Ness

en-proper noun

Ness (countable and uncountable, plural Nesses)

Named after the River Ness, of Celtic/Pictish origin, from a Proto-Celtic word *Nesta describing great currents, according to MacBain, from the same Proto-Indo-European root that gave the river Νέστος (Néstos), possibly *ned- (“water”).

Ellipsis of River Ness, a short river in Highland council area, Scotland, which flows from Loch Ness through Inverness to the Beauly Firth.


Mehran

From Persian مهران (mehrân), from Middle Persian mtrʾn (mihrān). Related to Persian مهر (mehr) and Mithra.


Cheyenne

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Cheyenne.wav

Borrowed from French Cheyenne, from Dakota šahíyena, from Dakota šaia (“to speak incoherently”), from Dakota ša (“red”) and Dakota ya (“to speak”).

A river in the United States; flowing 295 miles from the confluence of the Antelope and Dry Fork creeks in Thunder Basin National Grassland, Wyoming into Lake Oahe, a reservoir of the Missouri River, at Mission Ridge, South Dakota.


Indus

Borrowed from Latin Indus, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδός (Indós), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (h-i-du-u-š /hiⁿduš/), from Proto-Iranian *hínduš (compare Avestan 𐬵𐬌𐬧𐬛𐬎 (hiṇdu)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš or borrowed from Sanskrit सिन्धु (síndhu) (whence Sindh).

Floods in the river Sutlej – which originates in Tibet and crosses India before merging into the Indus river – has completely cut off several villages and areas in Pakistan, submerging hundreds of hectares of farmland.

2023 August 29, “Pakistan raises flood alert in eastern region as over 128,000 evacuated”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2024-04-24:

A major river in China, India and Pakistan, rising in Tibet and flowing into the Arabian Sea.


Indus

cs-proper noun

Indus m inan (related adjective induský)

induský (adjective)
Indus (nominative singular)
Indu (genitive singular)
Indu (dative singular)
Indus (accusative singular)
Inde (singular vocative)
Indu (locative singular)
Indem (instrumental singular)


Indus

Indus (nominative singular)
Indust (accusative singular)
Indusnak (dative singular)
Indussal (instrumental singular)
Indusért (causal-final singular)
Indussá (singular translative)
Indusig (singular terminative)
Indusként (essive-formal singular)
Indusban (inessive singular)
Induson (singular superessive)
Indusnál (adessive singular)
Indusba (illative singular)
Indusra (singular sublative)
Indushoz (allative singular)
Indusból (elative singular)
Indusról (delative singular)
Industól (ablative singular)
Indusé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
Induséi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
Indusom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Indusaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
Indusod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Indusaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
Indusa (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Indusai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
Indusunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Indusaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
Indusotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Indusaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
Indusuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Indusaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Indus (a large river in south-central Asia)


Indus

la-proper noun

Indus m sg (genitive Indī); second declension

Indī (genitive)
Indus (nominative singular)
Indī (genitive singular)
Indō (dative singular)
Indum (accusative singular)
Indō (ablative singular)
Inde (singular vocative)


danau

id-noun

danau (first-person possessive danauku, second-person possessive danaumu, third-person possessive danaunya)

danauku (first-person possessive)
danaumu (possessive second-person)
danaunya (possessive third-person)

From Malay danau, from Classical Malay danau, from Proto-Malayic *danaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danaw, from Proto-Austronesian *danaw (“lake”).


danau

ms-noun

danau (Jawi spelling داناو, plural danau-danau, informal 1st possessive danauku, 2nd possessive danaumu, 3rd possessive danaunya)

داناو (Jawi)
danau-danau (plural)
danauku (first-person informal possessive)
danaumu (possessive second-person)
danaunya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: danau

From Proto-Malayic *danaw (compare Indonesian danau), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danaw, from Proto-Austronesian *danaw (“lake”).


Čad

cs-proper noun

Čad m inan (related adjective čadský, demonym Čaďan)

čadský (adjective)
Čaďan (demonym)
Čad (nominative singular)
Čadu (genitive singular)
Čadu (dative singular)
Čad (accusative singular)
Čade (singular vocative)
Čadu (locative singular)
Čadem (instrumental singular)

Chad (a freshwater lake at the junction of Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon in Central Africa)


paranã

desctree

Old Tupi: paraná
Nheengatu: paraná, paranã
→ Brazilian Portuguese: paraná
→ Portuguese: Paraná

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *paranã.

etymon

paranãngûá

São Sebastião abé, / marana rerekoarûera, / tamuîa, kyre'ymbagûera, / omombab erimba'e; / n'i tybangáî setãmbûera. / Opá, — Paranapuku, / Îakutinga, Moro'y, / Sarigûeîa, Gûiryry, / Pindoba, Parigûasu, / Kurusá, Miape'y, / Îabebirasyka tapera — / akûeîme n'i poretáî. / I aûîé mu'amarûera; / oîoybyri se'õmbûera / paranã ybyri i kûáî.

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 54, lines 593–607; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

Saint Sebastian too, the patron of war, destroyed the Tamoio, the brave ones; their old lands don't exist anymore. None of them — Paranapucu, Jacutinga, Moroí, Sarigueia, Guiriri, Pindoba, Pariguaçu, Curuçá, Miapeí, Jabebiracica's village — have had anything for a long time. The enemies surrended; their bodies were side by side along the sea.

Acôcoríparanâmèné[…]

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter VII, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 22:

Oquir coêcoẽ amâna, Paranã momũgabo.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, chapter IIII, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 41v:

The morning kept seeing the rain pour, filling the sea

Paranã rupi[…]aguatâ.

1622, anonymous author, “Nauegar”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 48; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:


Конго

ru-proper noun

конголе́зский

Ко́нго • (Kóngo) f inan (indeclinable, relational adjective конголе́зский, demonym конголе́зец, female demonym конголе́зка)

Ко́нго (canonical)
Kóngo (romanization)
конголе́зский (adjective relational)
конголе́зец (demonym)
конголе́зка (demonym feminine)

Congo (a large river in Africa, which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of Congo)


Конго

Ко̏нго (canonical masculine)
Kȍngo (romanization)
Конго (nominative singular)
Конга (genitive singular)
Конгу (dative singular)
Конго (accusative singular)
Конго (singular vocative)
Конгу (locative singular)
Конгом (instrumental singular)


Конго

uk-proper noun

конголе́зький

Ко́нго • (Kónho) n inan (indeclinable, relational adjective конголе́зький)

Ко́нго (canonical)
Kónho (romanization)
конголе́зький (adjective relational)


Босна

bg-proper noun

Бо́сна • (Bósna) f (relational adjective бо́сненски)

Бо́сна (canonical)
Bósna (romanization)
бо́сненски (adjective relational)
Бо́сна (indefinite singular)
Бо́сно (singular vocative)

bg:Босна (област)

Bosna (a major river in Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Босна

mk-proper noun

Босна • (Bosna) f (relational adjective босански)

Bosna (romanization)
босански (adjective relational)


Босна

Бо̏сна (canonical feminine)
Bȍsna (romanization)
Босна (nominative singular)
Босне (genitive singular)
Босни (dative singular)
Босну (accusative singular)
Босно (singular vocative)
Босни (locative singular)
Босном (instrumental singular)


Bosna

At the far end, they would be greeted by the green sun-dappled waters of the Bosna as they gurgled up in streams and pools dotted with islands.

2022, Priscilla Morris, Black Butterflies, Duckworth, page 70:

Bosna (a major river in Bosnia and Herzegovina).


Bosna

Bȍsna (canonical feminine)
Бо̏сна (Cyrillic)
Bȍsna (nominative singular)
Bosne (genitive singular)
Bosni (dative singular)
Bosnu (accusative singular)
Bosno (singular vocative)
Bosni (locative singular)
Bosnom (instrumental singular)

According to philologist Anton Mayer the name Bosna could essentially be derived from Illyrian Bass-an-as(-ā) which would be derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵ-, meaning "the running water".