Lhasa

From Tibetan ལྷ་ས (lha sa), from Old Tibetan ར་ས (ra sa).

The earliest historical relic of the Tibetans—like that of many, perhaps of most, other races—is a weather-beaten stone, the Do-ring. It stands in the center of Lhasa, across the courtyard in front of the western doors of the Cathedral or Jokang, beneath the famous willow-tree.

1905, Perceval Landon, The Opening of Tibet: An Account of Lhasa and the Country and People of Central Tibet and of the Progress of the Mission Sent There by the English Government in the Year 1903-4, New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., page 3:

The 37bn-yuan ($5.7bn) track extends from the region’s capital Lhasa eastward to the city of Nyingchi, which is Tibetan for “Throne of the Sun”.

2021 June 5, “Fast track to the throne”, in The Economist, volume 439, number 9248, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 36:

The most notable stop on the president's itinerary was the Lhasa, the Tibetan city that was once home of the Dalai Lama.
Xi visited the public square in front of the Potala Palace, the traditional seat of the Dalai Lama's power. Tibet's religious leader has been living in exile since 1959 following a failed uprising against the Chinese rule. While in Lhasa, Xi visited a monastery and "inspected ethnic religion" and Tibetan cultural heritage protection,[…]

2021 July 23, “China: Xi visits Tibet for the first time as president”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2021-07-23, News:

There has been a widespread outcry from the residents of Lhasa, the capital of the Chinese autonomous region of Tibet, about how local authorities are managing a Covid-19 lockdown, instated on August 9.

2022 September 30, “How China uses zero-Covid policy to crack down on Tibetans”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-09-30:

Prayers are a part of daily life in Tibet, and in counties such as Nyemo, on the outskirts of Lhasa, its inhabitants try to make a living by making incense to be used in temples.

2023 August 4, Jesus Centeno, “Tibet prays under the Chinese flag”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2023-08-06:

The capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.


Lhasa

lhaský (adjective relational)
Lhasa (nominative singular)
Lhasy (genitive singular)
Lhase (dative singular)
Lhasu (accusative singular)
Lhaso (singular vocative)
Lhase (locative singular)
Lhasou (instrumental singular)

Lhasa (the capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


Lhasa

de-proper noun

Lhasa n (proper noun, genitive Lhasas or (optionally with an article) Lhasa)

Lhasas (genitive)
Lhasa (genitive with-article)


Lhasa

Lhasa (nominative singular)
Lhasy (genitive singular)
Lhasie (dative singular)
Lhasę (accusative singular)
Lhasą (instrumental singular)
Lhasie (locative singular)
Lhaso (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Tibetan ལྷ་ས (lha sa), from Old Tibetan ར་ས (ra sa).


Лхаса

ru-proper noun+

Лха́са • (Lxása) f inan (genitive Лха́сы)

Лха́са (canonical)
Lxása (romanization)
Лха́сы (genitive)
Лха́са (nominative singular)
Лха́сы (genitive singular)
Лха́се (dative singular)
Лха́су (accusative singular)
Лха́сой (instrumental singular)
Лха́сою (instrumental singular)
Лха́се (prepositional singular)


Ласа

Ла́са (canonical)
Lása (romanization)
Ла́сы (genitive)
Ла́са (nominative singular)
Ла́сы (genitive singular)
Ла́се (dative singular)
Ла́су (accusative singular)
Ла́сой (instrumental singular)
Ла́сою (instrumental singular)
Ла́се (prepositional singular)


Lasa

Lhasa (the capital and largest city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


Lhásza

Lhásza (nominative singular)
Lhászát (accusative singular)
Lhászának (dative singular)
Lhászával (instrumental singular)
Lhászáért (causal-final singular)
Lhászává (singular translative)
Lhászáig (singular terminative)
Lhászaként (essive-formal singular)
Lhászában (inessive singular)
Lhászán (singular superessive)
Lhászánál (adessive singular)
Lhászába (illative singular)
Lhászára (singular sublative)
Lhászához (allative singular)
Lhászából (elative singular)
Lhászáról (delative singular)
Lhászától (ablative singular)
Lhászáé (singular)
Lhászáéi (singular)
Lhászám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Lhászád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Lhászája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Lhászánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Lhászátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Lhászájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)


拉薩

/la⁴⁴⁻³⁵ sat̚¹/

/l̃a⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɑʔ²⁴/

/la⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬaʔ¹/

/la⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬaʔ²/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² sat̚³²/

/la⁴⁴⁻³³ sat̚³²/

/la⁴⁴⁻³⁵ sat̚¹/

/l̃a⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɑʔ²⁴/

/la⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬaʔ¹/

/la⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬaʔ²/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² sat̚³²/

/la⁴⁴⁻³³ sat̚³²/

Borrowed from Manchu ᠯᠠᠰᠠ (lasa), from Classical Tibetan ལྷ་ས (lha sa).

(～市) Lhasa (the capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


昌都

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཆབ་མདོ (chab mdo).

(～市, formerly ～地區) Chamdo, Qamdo (a prefecture-level city in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China, formerly a prefecture)


日喀則

→ English: Jih-k'a-tse

/ʐ̩⁵¹ kʰä⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/jɐt̚² kʰaː³³ t͡sɐk̚⁵/

/jɐt̚² haːk̚³ t͡sɐk̚⁵/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ kʰä⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/jɐt̚² kʰaː³³ t͡sɐk̚⁵/

/jɐt̚² haːk̚³ t͡sɐk̚⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ (gzhis ka rtse).

(～市, formerly ～地區, ～專區) Shigatse, Xigazê (a prefecture-level city in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China; formerly a prefecture)


རྒྱལ་རྩེ

Gyantse (a city in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


ラサ

Likely via English Lhasa, from Tibetan ལྷ་ས (lha sa), from Old Tibetan ར་ས (ra sa).


林芝

/lin³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/lin³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵/

Nyang River
Nyingchi
Phono-semantic matching

Phono-semantic matching, adapted from the earlier 尼池 (níchí) [1950s], a pure phonetic transcription from Tibetan ཉིང་ཁྲི (nying khri, the local name for Nyingchi). The renaming was influenced by 靈芝／灵芝 (língzhī), a specialty from the Nyingchi area.
Tibetan ཉིང་ཁྲི (nying khri) is a variant of ཉང་ཁྲི (nyang khri, “Nyingchi”), a name derived from ཉང (nyang, “a Tibetan clan living near the Nyang River (尼洋河)”) and ཁྲི (khri, “a Tibetan clan (living in the lower reaches of the Nyang River?)”) (Agui, 2012).

zh-l

靈芝／灵芝 (língzhī)

(～市, formerly ～地區) Nyingchi (a prefecture-level city in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China, formerly a prefecture)


山南

/ʂän⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/ʂän⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

(～市) Shannan (a prefecture-level city in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


那曲

/nä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/naː¹³ kʰʊk̚⁵/

/nä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/naː¹³ kʰʊk̚⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ནག་ཆུ (nag chu, “black river”).

(～市, formerly ～地區) Nagqu (a prefecture-level city in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


ཉིང་ཁྲི

→ Chinese: 林芝 (Línzhī)

/ȵiŋ˩˨.ʈ͡ʂʰi˥˥/

Nyingchi (a prefecture-level city in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


Shigatse

From Tibetan གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ (gzhis ka rtse).

Far different in character and general disposition is the Penchen Rinpoche (or, as generally called by us, the Tashi Lama) of the great monastery of Tashi-lhunpo near Shigatse.

1905, Perceval Landon, The Opening of Tibet: An Account of Lhasa and the Country and People of Central Tibet and of the Progress of the Mission Sent There by the English Government in the Year 1903-4, New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., →OCLC, page 444:

Truck convoys, carrying troops as well as supplies, have been shuttling between Shigatse and the border area, the source said.
"Such traffic has also been very heavy on the Shigatse-Yatung highway and the Shigatse-Gartok highway," the source added.

1973 April 22, “Troops concentrate on Tibet-Sikkim border”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIV, number 15, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

The Pundit described Shigatse as being three-quarters of a mile long and half a mile wide, surrounded by fertile soil, with a population of nine thousand and garrisoned by a force of one hundred Chinese and four hundred Tibetan soldiers.

1990, Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia, University Press of Kentucky, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 48:

In a similar case, on September 23, 2014, more than 1,000 local Tibetans of Dokar and Zibuk villages (Lhundrup County, Shigatse Prefecture) near Lhasa, the Tibetan capital city protested against the poisoning of their rivers by the Gyama Copper Poly-metallic Mine.

2018, Central Tibetan Administration, Tibet was Never a Part of China: but the Middle Way Approach Remains a Viable Solution, New Delhi: Norbu Graphics, →ISBN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-10-08, page 147:

Tenzin Dolkar, who later began using Tendol, a variation of her first name, was born in the central Tibetan town of Shigatse (also known as Xigaze) on Dec. 2, 1951, according to her Swiss passport.

2020 May 15, Stephen Kurczy, “Tendol Gyalzur, Refugee Who Founded Orphanages in Tibet, Dies”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-05-15, THOSE WE’VE LOST:

CIMC Sanctum has been providing liquid oxygen storage tanks for schools, hospitals, nursing homes, government buildings, police and fire stations in Lhasa, Naqu, Ngari and Shigatse and other areas since 2017.

2020 July 31, “CIMC Sanctum provides 72 liquid oxygen storage tanks for oxygen-deficient Tibet”, in AP News, PR Newswire, archived from the original on 2022-08-24:

Beijing also wants to push ahead with the Tibet-Nepal Railway linking Kathmandu with Shigatse, the second-largest city in Tibet, which was among a number of bilateral deals signed in 2018 between Nepal and China, but has yet to gain much traction.

2020 September 4, “China planning building spree in Tibet as India tensions rise, sources say”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2020-09-05:

A prefecture-level city in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.


शिगात्से

/ʃɪ.ɡɑːt̪.seː/

[ʃɪ.ɡäːt̪.seː]

bor+

Borrowed from Tibetan གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ (gzhis ka rtse)

Shigatse (a city in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


ल्हासा

hi-proper noun

ल्हासा • (lhāsā) ? (Urdu spelling لہاسا or لھاسا)

lhāsā (romanization)
لہاسا (Urdu)
لھاسا (Urdu)

Lhasa (a city, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


ल्हासा

head

ल्हासा • (lhāsā) ?

mr-proper noun

ल्हासा • (lhāsā) ?


Lahsaz

From Mandarin 拉薩／拉萨 (Lāsà), from Tibetan ལྷ་ས (lha sa).

zh-l

拉薩／拉萨 (Lāsà)


Nyingchi

Today, developments in modern technology can be observed in the industrial center of Nyingchi on the lower reaches of the Nyang River.

1982, Zhang Mingtao, The Roof of the World, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 107:

To accommodate the expected visitors, a resort of “holiday villas” for a thousand guests was being planned for Nyingchi, near the upper end of the gorge, as well as a luxury hotel that will cater to the wealthy and powerful. Anticipating the tourist boom, business owners in Nyingchi prefecture formed a club dedicated to investigating reports that a “legendary wild man,’ presumably a yeti, inhabits the gorge.

2002, Michael McRae, In Search of Shangri-La, Broadway Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 198:

Nyingchi, east of Lhasa, is an ideal place to start the journey because of its lower elevation and pleasant scenery.

2011 August 26, Dongya Zhang, “Tibet season”, in Beijing Today, →OCLC, page 20:


Chamdo

Chamdo is the capital of the province of Kham, and was heretofore fortified, but the walls had fallen to decay.

1852, Henry T. Prinsep, Tibet, Tartary, and Mongolia, 2nd edition, London: W. H. Allen & Co., →OCLC, page 133:

Haste would have been undignified for a Tibetan government official whatever his mission, and in any case the rough track that passed for the main street of Chamdo was heavily iced.

1957, Robert Ford, Wind Between the Worlds, Berkeley: Snow Lion Graphics, published 1987, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 4:

Gosay Tsering, my father’s eldest minister, spoke first. ‘For centuries, like the body following the head, we in Gonjo have paid taxes and obeyed the laws laid down by the government of Tibet. But in a few short years’ - he raised his hand in emphasis - ‘the Chinese have changed all that. Now our decisions are forced to be made by the fraudulent “Chamdo Liberation Committee.” ’
The mention of the committee in Chamdo brought heated response, for it was well known that though the committee was composed of Tibetans and Chinese, the Tibetans were represented in name only, and the governing force was Chinese.

2000, Ani Pachen, Adelaide Donnelley, Sorrow Mountain: The Journey of a Tibetan Warrior Nun, Doubleday, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 90:

According to the reports, which could not be independently verified, Tenzin Phuntsog, 46, formerly of the Karma monastery in the town of Chamdo, ignited himself near the monastery. He survived and is being treated at a hospital, the reports said.

2011 December 2, Keith Richburg, “A 12th self-immolation, first in Tibet proper, poses test for China”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2011-12-03, Asia & Pacific:

Tsering Woeser said Karma Tsewang was taken away by police Dec. 6 while traveling on business in the city of Chengdu. She said the monk was taken to Chamdo prefecture, where he has been detained since.[…]
Police in both Chamdo and Nangqian said they had no knowledge of the case. Calls to local governments were either unanswered or answered by people who said they did not know about the case.
Tsering Woeser said that Tang, who was retained by Karma Tsewang’s family, had been denied visits with the monk in Chamdo.

2013 December 31, “Correction: China-Tibet-Monk Detained story”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-06-13:

In eastern Tibet’s Chamdo district, where some of the earliest military-style training programs emerged, state media images from 2016 show laborers lining up in drill formation in military fatigues. In images published by state media in July this year, waitresses in military clothing are seen training at a vocational facility in the same district. Pictures posted online from the “Chamdo Golden Sunshine Vocational Training School” show rows of basic white shed-like accommodation with blue roofs. In one image, banners hanging on the wall behind a row of graduates say the labor transfer project is overseen by the local Human Resources and Social Security Department.

2020 September 22, Cate Cadell, “Exclusive: China sharply expands mass labor program in Tibet”, in Janet McBride, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2020-09-22, AMERS:

昌都

prefecture-level city in Tibet Autonomous Region, China


Nagqu

The Dalai Lama gave few details about the boy or how he was discovered. He said only that the child was born in the Lhari district in Nagqu four months after the previous Panchen Lama died in January 1989.

1995 May 15, “Tibet Buddhists Call Boy, 6, Reincarnation of No. 2 Monk”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-03-05, Section A, page 6:


Shannan

People in Sangjih County in Shannan Prefecture are now working to complete in the shortest possible time a 30 km canal across 10 hills, 13 gullies and seven cliffs.

1976, Summary of World Broadcasts: The Far East. Weekly Supplement, →OCLC, page 4:

Tsetong, the capital of Shannan prefecture, has merged with Nêdong into a sprawl of Tibetan and Chinese buildings.

1992, Robert Strauss, “Yarlung Valley Monasteries & Sites”, in Tibet: A Travel Survival Kit (Lonely Planet), 2nd edition, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 130, column 1:

The second generation of Tibetan cadres arose, also in surrounding provinces, during the march of the People’s liberation Army into Tibet itself in the early 1950s. In social origin and motivation they were much like the first group, though in numbers much greater. Among them I met and interviewed Lobsang Tsechen, originally a carpenter, who in the 1960s became a vice-chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Region; Zhen Ying, of peasant origin, who became the vice-Party secretary of Xigatse prefecture; Dorje Ben, a former “masterless man” (which unfortunately meant he could be mistreated by any superior without the protection of his “owner”) who became vice-head of the Lokha (Shan Nan) prefecture; and an industrial administrator, Shirob Watsa, assistant director of the important Auto Vehicle Repair Works of the Tibet Autonomous Region, who as a young man had had his knees shattered by order of his serf owner (after the democratic reform in Tibet they had been surgically repaired so that he could walk, but still with a bad limp).

[2005, Israel Epstein, “Tibet”, in My China Eye: Memoirs of a Jew and a Journalist, 1st edition, San Francisco: Long River Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 278:

June 19-21: Tibet; flame travels to Shannan Diqu and Lhasa.

2008 March 30, “The Olympic flame's journey to the opening ceremony”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-11, Asia Pacific:

Chinese Premier Li Keqiang visited Tibet's capital Lhasa, the Yarlung Zangbo (Brahmaputra) river and the cities of Nyingchi and Shannan between Jul. 25-27, official news agency Xinhua reported.

2018 July 29, “Chinese premier completes secretive Tibet visit”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2018-07-29:

A prefecture-level city in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China, on the border with Bhutan.


Lhoka

Meanwhile, Radio Lhasa announced on 18 June that advisory committees in all Tibetan villages had sent memorandums condemning counterrevolutionaries and royalists and pledging full support to Mao. Paradoxically, it was also announced that farmers in the Lhoka area were slow in adapting themselves to mechanized farming despite elaborate manuals being dispatched along [with] the Chinese tractors to the area. It seems Tibetans are quicker in condemning political shakeups than learning technical knowhow.

1966 June 23 [1966 June 21], “Buddhist Describes Lhasa Under Chinese Rule”, in Daily Report: Foreign Radio Broadcasts, number 121, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Delhi Information Service of India, →OCLC, Communist China: Regional Affairs, page DDD 7:

The government is also trying to end the rural tradition of sending children to study in the monasteries, arguing that they should attend secular schools. "In the monasteries, they only learn Tibetan and the sutras," said Deji, the top government official in Lhoka prefecture, who like many Tibetans has only one name. "They won't be well-educated because they won't have physics or chemistry or other modern subjects."

2003 September 19, Philip P. Pan, “In the Name of the Panchen Lama”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-01-29:

On Tuesday, Radio Free Asia, which is financed by the United States government, reported that a large number of the detainees being held in Lhasa had been released that day, while at least 200 others being held in Lhoka, outside Lhasa, were still in custody.

2012 April 7, Edward Wong, “China Said to Detain Returning Tibetan Pilgrims”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-04-07, Asia Pacific:

Dawa, a 55 year-old herder resettled in Lhoka prefecture’s Gongkar county, proudly showed visiting officials and journalists how each member of the family now has a separate room.[…]
In Lhoka’s Tradruk monastery, the secular management office has obtained funds for the latest renovation of this 12-century-old institution, one of the earliest Buddhist constructions in Tibet.

2015 September 30, Artiz Parra, “China micromanages Tibet, floods it with money to woo locals”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2024-03-23:

A woman walks in a purpose built village for Tibetans who have been relocated from high-altitude locations in what the authorities call a poverty alleviation program during a government organised tour in Gongga County, Lhoka City, near Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, October 14, 2020.

2022 August 8, Roxanne Liu, Ryan Woo, “China's Tibet region faces rare COVID flareup, fresh curbs imposed”, in Toby Chopra, Bernadette Baum, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-08-08, Asia Pacific:


لاسا

ar-proper noun

لَاسَا • (lāsā) f


ਲ੍ਹਾਸਾ

pa-proper noun

ਲ੍ਹਾਸਾ • (lhāsā) ? (Shahmukhi spelling لھاسہ)

Borrowed from Tibetan ལྷ་ས (lha sa), from Old Tibetan ར་ས (ra sa). Probably through an intermediate like Hindi ल्हासा (lhāsā).


لھاسہ

لھاسَہ • (lhāsah) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਲ੍ਹਾਸਾ)

لھاسَہ (canonical)
lhāsah (romanization)
ਲ੍ਹਾਸਾ (Gurmukhi)


Mainling

The avalanche occurred on a section of road between Pai village in Mainling county and the exit of the Doxong La tunnel in Medog county at around 8 p.m. (1200 GMT) on Tuesday, with people and vehicles stranded, according to the Xinhua News Agency.

2023 January 18, Bernard Orr, “At least 8 killed in Tibet avalanche, Chinese govt sends team to help search for survivors”, in Michael Perry, editor, Reuters, sourced from BEIJING (Reuters), archived from the original on 2023-01-19, Asia Pacific:

A county-level city in Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.