Helsinki

Helsinki (nominative singular)
Helsinki (accusative nominative singular)
Helsingin (accusative genitive singular)
Helsingin (genitive singular)
Helsinkiä (partitive singular)
Helsingissä (inessive singular)
Helsingistä (elative singular)
Helsinkiin (illative singular)
Helsingillä (adessive singular)
Helsingiltä (ablative singular)
Helsingille (allative singular)
Helsinkinä (essive singular)
Helsingiksi (singular translative)
Helsingittä (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Helsinkini (nominative singular)
Helsinkini (accusative nominative singular)
Helsinkini (accusative genitive singular)
Helsinkini (genitive singular)
Helsinkiäni (partitive singular)
Helsingissäni (inessive singular)
Helsingistäni (elative singular)
Helsinkiini (illative singular)
Helsingilläni (adessive singular)
Helsingiltäni (ablative singular)
Helsingilleni (allative singular)
Helsinkinäni (essive singular)
Helsingikseni (singular translative)
Helsingittäni (abessive singular)
Helsinkisi (nominative singular)
Helsinkisi (accusative nominative singular)
Helsinkisi (accusative genitive singular)
Helsinkisi (genitive singular)
Helsinkiäsi (partitive singular)
Helsingissäsi (inessive singular)
Helsingistäsi (elative singular)
Helsinkiisi (illative singular)
Helsingilläsi (adessive singular)
Helsingiltäsi (ablative singular)
Helsingillesi (allative singular)
Helsinkinäsi (essive singular)
Helsingiksesi (singular translative)
Helsingittäsi (abessive singular)
Helsinkimme (nominative singular)
Helsinkimme (accusative nominative singular)
Helsinkimme (accusative genitive singular)
Helsinkimme (genitive singular)
Helsinkiämme (partitive singular)
Helsingissämme (inessive singular)
Helsingistämme (elative singular)
Helsinkiimme (illative singular)
Helsingillämme (adessive singular)
Helsingiltämme (ablative singular)
Helsingillemme (allative singular)
Helsinkinämme (essive singular)
Helsingiksemme (singular translative)
Helsingittämme (abessive singular)
Helsinkinne (nominative singular)
Helsinkinne (accusative nominative singular)
Helsinkinne (accusative genitive singular)
Helsinkinne (genitive singular)
Helsinkiänne (partitive singular)
Helsingissänne (inessive singular)
Helsingistänne (elative singular)
Helsinkiinne (illative singular)
Helsingillänne (adessive singular)
Helsingiltänne (ablative singular)
Helsingillenne (allative singular)
Helsinkinänne (essive singular)
Helsingiksenne (singular translative)
Helsingittänne (abessive singular)
Helsinkinsä (nominative singular)
Helsinkinsä (accusative nominative singular)
Helsinkinsä (accusative genitive singular)
Helsinkinsä (genitive singular)
Helsinkiään (partitive singular)
Helsinkiänsä (partitive singular)
Helsingissään (inessive singular)
Helsingissänsä (inessive singular)
Helsingistään (elative singular)
Helsingistänsä (elative singular)
Helsinkiinsä (illative singular)
Helsingillään (adessive singular)
Helsingillänsä (adessive singular)
Helsingiltään (ablative singular)
Helsingiltänsä (ablative singular)
Helsingilleen (allative singular)
Helsingillensä (allative singular)
Helsinkinään (essive singular)
Helsinkinänsä (essive singular)
Helsingikseen (singular translative)
Helsingiksensä (singular translative)
Helsingittään (abessive singular)
Helsingittänsä (abessive singular)

Borrowed from vernacular Swedish Helsinge, itself probably derived from *hälsing- (found in e.g. Hälsingland, Helsingborg ~ Hälsingborg), a derivative of hals (literally “neck”) (perhaps Old Swedish hals > hälsinge), here referring to a narrow part of a flowing body of water. Helsinki is located on the delta of the river Vantaa, so the name would refer to the rapids of that river. Indeed, Vanhankaupunginkoski, the rapids around which Helsinki was founded, was called Helsinge fors (literally “Helsinki rapids”) in older sources; this is also the origin of the current Swedish name Helsingfors.
In the past the city was considered to have been named after the Swedish province of Hälsingland, on the grounds that Helsinki would have initially been settled by people from Hälsingland, but this is not held to be likely anymore (instead, the largest group seems to have been those from Uppland).

Vantaa (river)
fi:Helsinki
fi:Vanhankaupunginkoski


Helsinki

de-proper noun

Helsinki n (proper noun, genitive Helsinkis or (optionally with an article) Helsinki)

Helsinkis (genitive)
Helsinki (genitive with-article)


Helsinki

Helsinki (nominative singular)
Helsinkit (accusative singular)
Helsinkinek (dative singular)
Helsinkivel (instrumental singular)
Helsinkiért (causal-final singular)
Helsinkivé (singular translative)
Helsinkiig (singular terminative)
Helsinkiként (essive-formal singular)
Helsinkiben (inessive singular)
Helsinkin (singular superessive)
Helsinkinél (adessive singular)
Helsinkibe (illative singular)
Helsinkire (singular sublative)
Helsinkihez (allative singular)
Helsinkiből (elative singular)
Helsinkiről (delative singular)
Helsinkitől (ablative singular)
Helsinkié (singular)
Helsinkiéi (singular)
Helsinkim (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Helsinkid (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Helsinkije (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Helsinkink (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Helsinkitek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Helsinkijük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)


Helsinki

Helsinki (nominative plural)
Helsinku (genitive plural)
Helsinkiem (dative plural)
Helsinkus (accusative plural)
Helsinkiem (instrumental plural)
Helsinkos (locative plural)
Helsinki (plural vocative)


Helsinki

pl-prop

Helsinki nvir pl (related adjective helsiński)

helsiński (adjective)
Helsinki (nominative plural)
Helsinek (genitive plural)
Helsinkom (dative plural)
Helsinki (accusative plural)
Helsinkami (instrumental plural)
Helsinkach (locative plural)
Helsinki (plural vocative)

Helsinki (the capital and largest city of Finland)


Helsinki

Hèlsinki (canonical masculine)
Хѐлсинки (Cyrillic)


Helsinki

sk-proper noun

Helsinki f pl (genitive singular Helsínk, declension pattern of žena)

Helsínk (genitive singular)
žena (declension-pattern-of)
Helsinki (nominative plural-only)
Helsínk (genitive plural-only)
Helsinkám (dative plural-only)
Helsinki (accusative plural-only)
Helsinkách (locative plural-only)
Helsinkami (instrumental plural-only)


Helsinki

Helsinki (nominative singular)
Helsinkiler (nominative plural)
Helsinki'ler (nominative plural)
Helsinki'yi (accusative singular)
Helsinkileri (accusative plural)
Helsinki'leri (accusative plural)
Helsinki'ye (dative singular)
Helsinkilere (dative plural)
Helsinki'lere (dative plural)
Helsinki'de (locative singular)
Helsinkilerde (locative plural)
Helsinki'lerde (locative plural)
Helsinki'den (ablative singular)
Helsinkilerden (ablative plural)
Helsinki'lerden (ablative plural)
Helsinki'nin (genitive singular)
Helsinkilerin (genitive plural)
Helsinki'lerin (genitive plural)
Helsinki'm (first-person singular)
Helsinkilerim (first-person singular)
Helsinki'lerim (first-person singular)
Helsinki'n (second-person singular)
Helsinkilerin (second-person singular)
Helsinki'lerin (second-person singular)
Helsinki'si (singular third-person)
Helsinkileri (singular third-person)
Helsinki'leri (singular third-person)
Helsinki'miz (first-person plural)
Helsinkilerimiz (first-person plural)
Helsinki'lerimiz (first-person plural)
Helsinki'niz (plural second-person)
Helsinkileriniz (plural second-person)
Helsinki'leriniz (plural second-person)
Helsinki'si (plural third-person)
Helsinkileri (plural third-person)
Helsinki'leri (plural third-person)


Helsinki

head

Helsinki (genitive Helsinki, partitive Helsinkit)

Helsinki (genitive)
Helsinkit (partitive)


Jakarta

/d͡ʒəˈkɑː(ɹ)tə/

From Indonesian Jakarta, from Sanskrit जयकर्ता (jayakartā, “that which causes victory”).

der

And in fact, forgetting the past was easy to do in Indonesia. Jakarta was still a sleepy backwater in those days, with few buildings over four or five stories high, cycle rickshaws outnumbering cars, the city center and wealthier sections of town—with their colonial elegance and lush, well-tended lawns—quickly giving way to clots of small villages with unpaved roads and open sewers, dusty markets, and shanties of mud and brick and plywood and corrugated iron that tumbled down gentle banks to murky rivers where families bathed and washed laundry like pilgrims in the Ganges.

2006, Barack Obama, The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream, New York, N.Y.: Crown Publishers, →ISBN, page 273:

A province and capital city of Indonesia.


Jakarta

Unadapted borrowing from Indonesian Jakarta.

ubor

Jakarta (a province and capital city of Indonesia)


Jakarta

cs-proper noun

Jakarta f (relational adjective jakartský)

jakartský (adjective relational)
Jakarta (nominative singular)
Jakarty (genitive singular)
Jakartě (dative singular)
Jakartu (accusative singular)
Jakarto (singular vocative)
Jakartě (locative singular)
Jakartou (instrumental singular)


Jakarta

Derives from Sanskrit जयकर्ता (jayakartā, “that which causes victory”), from जय (jaya, “glory”) + कर्ता (kartā, “doer, accomplisher”).


Jakarta

sk-proper noun

Jakarta f (genitive singular Jakarty, declension pattern of žena)

Jakarty (genitive singular)
žena (declension-pattern-of)


Jakarta

[zaː˧˧ kaːk̚˧˦ taː˧˧]

[jaː˧˧ kaːk̚˦˧˥ taː˧˧]

[jaː˧˧ kaːk̚˦˥ taː˧˧]

Unadapted borrowing from English Jakarta.


Jerusalem

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Jerusalem

Jerusalem (nominative singular)
Jerusalem (accusative nominative singular)
Jerusalemin (accusative genitive singular)
Jerusalemin (genitive singular)
Jerusalemia (partitive singular)
Jerusalemissa (inessive singular)
Jerusalemista (elative singular)
Jerusalemiin (illative singular)
Jerusalemilla (adessive singular)
Jerusalemilta (ablative singular)
Jerusalemille (allative singular)
Jerusalemina (essive singular)
Jerusalemiksi (singular translative)
Jerusalemitta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Jerusalemini (nominative singular)
Jerusalemini (accusative nominative singular)
Jerusalemini (accusative genitive singular)
Jerusalemini (genitive singular)
Jerusalemiani (partitive singular)
Jerusalemissani (inessive singular)
Jerusalemistani (elative singular)
Jerusalemiini (illative singular)
Jerusalemillani (adessive singular)
Jerusalemiltani (ablative singular)
Jerusalemilleni (allative singular)
Jerusaleminani (essive singular)
Jerusalemikseni (singular translative)
Jerusalemittani (abessive singular)
Jerusalemisi (nominative singular)
Jerusalemisi (accusative nominative singular)
Jerusalemisi (accusative genitive singular)
Jerusalemisi (genitive singular)
Jerusalemiasi (partitive singular)
Jerusalemissasi (inessive singular)
Jerusalemistasi (elative singular)
Jerusalemiisi (illative singular)
Jerusalemillasi (adessive singular)
Jerusalemiltasi (ablative singular)
Jerusalemillesi (allative singular)
Jerusaleminasi (essive singular)
Jerusalemiksesi (singular translative)
Jerusalemittasi (abessive singular)
Jerusalemimme (nominative singular)
Jerusalemimme (accusative nominative singular)
Jerusalemimme (accusative genitive singular)
Jerusalemimme (genitive singular)
Jerusalemiamme (partitive singular)
Jerusalemissamme (inessive singular)
Jerusalemistamme (elative singular)
Jerusalemiimme (illative singular)
Jerusalemillamme (adessive singular)
Jerusalemiltamme (ablative singular)
Jerusalemillemme (allative singular)
Jerusaleminamme (essive singular)
Jerusalemiksemme (singular translative)
Jerusalemittamme (abessive singular)
Jerusaleminne (nominative singular)
Jerusaleminne (accusative nominative singular)
Jerusaleminne (accusative genitive singular)
Jerusaleminne (genitive singular)
Jerusalemianne (partitive singular)
Jerusalemissanne (inessive singular)
Jerusalemistanne (elative singular)
Jerusalemiinne (illative singular)
Jerusalemillanne (adessive singular)
Jerusalemiltanne (ablative singular)
Jerusalemillenne (allative singular)
Jerusaleminanne (essive singular)
Jerusalemiksenne (singular translative)
Jerusalemittanne (abessive singular)
Jerusaleminsa (nominative singular)
Jerusaleminsa (accusative nominative singular)
Jerusaleminsa (accusative genitive singular)
Jerusaleminsa (genitive singular)
Jerusalemiaan (partitive singular)
Jerusalemiansa (partitive singular)
Jerusalemissaan (inessive singular)
Jerusalemissansa (inessive singular)
Jerusalemistaan (elative singular)
Jerusalemistansa (elative singular)
Jerusalemiinsa (illative singular)
Jerusalemillaan (adessive singular)
Jerusalemillansa (adessive singular)
Jerusalemiltaan (ablative singular)
Jerusalemiltansa (ablative singular)
Jerusalemilleen (allative singular)
Jerusalemillensa (allative singular)
Jerusaleminaan (essive singular)
Jerusaleminansa (essive singular)
Jerusalemikseen (singular translative)
Jerusalemiksensa (singular translative)
Jerusalemittaan (abessive singular)
Jerusalemittansa (abessive singular)

From Late Latin Ierusalem, Hierusalem, from Latin Hierosolyma, from Ancient Greek Ἰερουσαλήμ (Ierousalḗm), from Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yərūšālayim), which see for more.

der

יְרוּשָׁלַיִם


Jerusalem

de-proper noun

Jerusalem n (proper noun, genitive Jerusalems or (optionally with an article) Jerusalem)

Jerusalems (genitive)
Jerusalem (genitive with-article)


Jerusalem

Jerusalem (nominative singular)
Jerusalemaj (dual nominative)
Jerusalemy (nominative plural)
Jerusalema (genitive singular)
Jerusalemow (dual genitive)
Jerusalemow (genitive plural)
Jerusalemej (dative singular)
Jerusalemomaj (dative dual)
Jerusalemam (dative plural)
Jerusalem (accusative singular)
Jerusalemaj (accusative dual)
Jerusalemy (accusative plural)
Jerusalemom (instrumental singular)
Jerusalemomaj (dual instrumental)
Jerusalemami (instrumental plural)
Jerusalemu (locative singular)
Jerusalemomaj (dual locative)
Jerusalemach (locative plural)
Jerusalemo (singular vocative)
Jerusalemje (singular vocative)
Jerusalemaj (dual vocative)
Jerusalemy (plural vocative)
Jeruzalem (alternative)


Kabul

Cabool (alternative)
Cabul (alternative)
Caubool (alternative)
Caubul (alternative)
Kabol (alternative)

The capital and largest city of Afghanistan.


Kabul

Kabul n (proper noun, genitive Kabuls or (optionally with an article) Kabul)

Kabuls (genitive)
Kabul (genitive with-article)


Kabul

Kabul (nominative singular)
Kabulu (genitive singular)
Kabulowi (dative singular)
Kabul (accusative singular)
Kabulem (instrumental singular)
Kabulu (locative singular)
Kabulu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian کابل (kābul).


Kabul

Ultimately from Classical Persian کابل (kābul).

Holonym: Afganistán


Kathmandu

From Nepali काठमाडौं (kāṭhmāḍa͠u), from Sanskrit काष्ठमण्डप (kāṣṭhamaṇḍapa), from काष्ठ (kāṣṭha, “wood”) + मण्डप (maṇḍapa, “pavilion”).

bor

Nepali काठमाडौं (kāṭhmāḍa͠u)

Katmandu (alternative)
Káthmándú (alternative)


Khartoum

Possibly from Arabic خُرْطُوم (ḵurṭūm, “elephant trunk”), but more likely from Arabic قُرْطُم (qurṭum, “safflower”).


Kiev

From Russian Ки́ев (Kíjev), from Old East Slavic Кꙑевъ (Kyjevŭ), which folk-etymology derives from the name of city's legendary founder Kyi. Other proposals derive it from Proto-Slavic *kyjь (“stick, club, hammer”) (compare to Russian кий (kij)). See also at the article about Old East Slavic Кꙑевъ (Kyjevŭ).

der

The capital city of Ukraine and the administrative centre of Kyiv Oblast.


Kiev

Kyiv (The capital city of Ukraine and regional administrative centre of Kyiv Oblast)


Kiev

From Russian Ки́ев (Kíjev). The form Kyiv, from Ukrainian Київ (Kyjiv), has been gaining currency, particularly since the Russian invasion of Ukraine.


Kiev

Kievs (genitive)
Kijef (alternative)
Kijeff (alternative)
Kijev (alternative)


La Paz

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish La Paz.

La Paz (the capital and largest city of Bolivia)


La Paz

es:La Paz (Baja California Sur)
es:la Paz


Lisbon

As the capital of Portugal, from French Lisbonne, from Arabic لِشْبُونَة (lišbūna), from Latin Olisīpō, the origin of which is uncertain. Older spellings include Ulixbona and Ulixbuna (in the Visigothic era); Ὀλισσιπών (Olissipṓn) or Ὀλισσιπόνα (Olissipóna) (by Greek writers), Olisippo (by Pliny the Elder), and Ulyssippo (by Pomponius Mela of Hispania), the last of which relates to the first-century Roman folk etymology that it was founded by and named after Ulysses; another common folk etymology is the Phoenician 𐤏𐤋𐤉𐤑 𐤏𐤁𐤀 (ʿlyṣ ʿbʾ /ʿaliṣ-ʿuboʾ/, “safe harbour”), but there is not much evidence for such words. Another possibility, based on hydronomy of the area, derives the name from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia's appellation for the Tagus, Lisso or Lucio.
In other senses, with reference to the Portuguese city.
More at Lisbon.

noncog

Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula#English

A port city on the Iberian Peninsula, at the mouth of the Tagus River on the Atlantic Ocean; capital city of Portugal.


Lusaka

A Lusaka evening: a purpling sky, woodsmoke from supper fires, mosquitoes singing delirious rounds, the clapping and chanting of a church meeting, the bitter smell of car exhaust.

2019, Namwali Serpell, The Old Drift, Hogarth, page 238:


Lusaka

Lusaka (a city, the capital city of Zambia)


Lusaka

lusacký (adjective relational)
Lusaka (nominative singular)
Lusaky (genitive singular)
Lusace (dative singular)
Lusaku (accusative singular)
Lusako (singular vocative)
Lusace (locative singular)
Lusakou (instrumental singular)


Lusaka

pl-prop

Lusaka f (related adjective lusakijski or lusacki)

lusakijski (adjective)
lusacki (adjective)
Lusaka (nominative singular)
Lusaki (genitive singular)
Lusace (dative singular)
Lusakę (accusative singular)
Lusaką (instrumental singular)
Lusace (locative singular)
Lusako (singular vocative)


Manila

From Spanish Manila, from Tagalog Maynila, from may (“there is”) + nila (“indigo”), Tagalog nila from Sanskrit नील (nīla).

Maynila (alternative)
May-nilad (alternative)
Manilla (alternative)

Meronyms: Binondo, Ermita, Intramuros, Malate, Paco, Pandacan, Port Area, Quiapo, Sampaloc, San Andres, San Miguel, San Nicolas, Santa Ana, Santa Cruz, Santa Mesa, Tondo — districts of Manila

Chinese traders, mostly from the southern ports of Amoy (Hsia-men) and Canton, took raw silk, fabrics, and apparel to Manila, where these cargoes were sold for silver and carried back for sale in the New World.

2007, Ronald Findlay, Kevin O'Rourke, Power and Plenty, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 173:

The capital city of the Philippines; regional capital of Metro Manila, in the island of Luzon.


Manila

Manila (the capital city of the Philippines; regional capital of Metro Manila, in the island of Luzon)


Manila

Borrowed from Spanish Manila, from Tagalog Maynila.

(historical) Manila (the capital city of Spanish-era Philippines; modern Intramuros)


Manila

cs-proper noun

Manila f (relational adjective manilský)

manilský (adjective relational)
Manila (nominative singular)
Manily (genitive singular)
Manile (dative singular)
Manilu (accusative singular)
Manilo (singular vocative)
Manile (locative singular)
Manilou (instrumental singular)


Manila

de-proper noun

Manila n (proper noun, genitive Manilas or (optionally with an article) Manila)

Manilas (genitive)
Manila (genitive with-article)

Borrowed from Spanish Manila, from Tagalog Maynila, from may (“there is”) + nila (“indigo”), Tagalog nila from Sanskrit नील (nīla).


Manila

manilski (adjective)
Manila (nominative singular)
Manili (genitive singular)
Manili (dative singular)
Manilę (accusative singular)
Manilą (instrumental singular)
Manili (locative singular)
Manilo (singular vocative)

Manila (the capital city of the Philippines)


Manila

Mȁnila (canonical feminine)
Ма̏нила (Cyrillic)


Manila

sk-proper noun

Manila f (genitive singular Manily, declension pattern of žena)

Manily (genitive singular)
žena (declension-pattern-of)


Manila

Borrowed from Tagalog Maynila, from may (“there is”) + nila (“indigo”), Tagalog nila from Sanskrit नील (nīla).


Manila

[maː˧˧ ni˧˧ laː˧˧]

[maː˧˧ nɪj˧˧ laː˧˧]

[maː˧˧ nɪj˧˧ laː˧˧]


Montevideo

/ˌmɒntɪvɪˈdeɪəʊ/

There is general agreement that the first two syllables come from Spanish or Portuguese monte (“hill”), in reference to the prominent hill to the west of the city. Beyond that, explanations differ. Two of the most popular stories are that the name comes from a reading of the abbreviated MONTE-VI-D-E-O ("sixth hill from east to west"), or that it comes from a Portuguese sailor's shout of "Monte vide eu".

The Tower of Montevideo has many rooms / Some of them are empty since I left you

2021, Damon Albarn (lyrics and music), “The Tower of Montevideo”, in The Nearer the Fountain, More Pure the Stream Flows:


Montevideo

Montevideo (the capital city of Uruguay)


Montevideo

cs-proper noun

Montevideo n (relational adjective montevidejský)

montevidejský (adjective relational)
Montevideo (nominative singular)
Montevidea (genitive singular)
Montevideu (dative singular)
Montevideo (accusative singular)
Montevideo (singular vocative)
Montevideu (locative singular)
Montevideem (instrumental singular)


Montevideo

sk-proper noun

Montevideo n (genitive singular Montevidea)


Nairobi

From Maasai enkare nyrobi (“cold water, cold river”), the name of the Nairobi river.

bor

By 1899 the railhead had reached the further edge of the Athi Plain at mile 315, and halted while the survey parties went ahead, and a supply base was established at the foot of the hills. This spot has become Nairobi.

1950 April, Timothy H. Cobb, “The Kenya-Uganda Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 262:


Nairobi

cs-proper noun

Nairobi n (indeclinable, relational adjective nairobský)


Nairobi

pl-prop

Nairobi n (indeclinable, related adjective najrobijski)


Nassau

Borrowed from German Nassau, from German nass (“wet”). The Bahamian city is named after the German one.


Nassau

cs-proper noun

Nassau n (indeclinable, relational adjective nassauský)

Nassau (the capital city of the Bahamas)


Nassau

Borrowed from English Nassau, from German Nassau, from nass.


Nicosia

/ˌnɪkəˈsiːə/

From Medieval Latin and Old French Nicosia, from Byzantine Greek Λευκωσία (Leukōsía), variant of Λευκουσία (Leukousía), equivalent to λευκός (leukós, “white”) or λεύκη (leúkē, “poplar”) + οὐσία (ousía, “property, estate”), but deriving from various Ancient Greek forms including Λευτεῶν (Leuteôn), Λευκοθέον (Leukothéon), and Λευκούπολις (Leukoúpolis) adapting an early or pre-Greek name variously recorded as Λέδραι (Lédrai), Λῆδρον (Lêdron), Λεδρῶν (Ledrôn), Λήδρα (Lḗdra), etc. Doublet of Lefkosia.

The capital city of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus.


Nicosia

From Medieval Latin and Old French Nicosia, from Byzantine Greek Λευκωσία (Leukōsía), q.v. Doublet of Lefkosia.

Nicosia (the capital city of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus)


Oslo

From Norwegian Oslo, from Old Norse Ósló, Ásló f or n. The first element is disputed, but is likely from ǫ́ss, áss (“god; one of the Æsir”), from Proto-Germanic *ansuz. Another theory is that it comes from áss (“hill, beam”), from Proto-Germanic *ansaz, but this is unlikely. The second element is ló f or n (“meadow”), from Proto-Germanic *lauhō f, *lauhaz m (compare the suffix -ley in English place-names).

A county and municipality, the capital city of Norway. Formerly called Christiania and Kristiania.

Oslo

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)

أوسلو

ʔōslū, ʔōslō


Oslo

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)


Oslo

Oslo n (relational adjective osloský or oselský)

Oslo n (indeclinable, relational adjective osloský or oselský, demonym Oslan)

osloský (adjective relational)
oselský (adjective relational)
osloský (adjective relational)
oselský (adjective relational)
Oslan (demonym)
Oslo (nominative singular)
Osla (genitive singular)
Oslo (genitive singular)
Oslu (dative singular)
Oslo (dative singular)
Oslo (accusative singular)
Oslo (singular vocative)
Osle (locative singular)
Oslo (locative singular)
Oslem (instrumental singular)
Oslo (instrumental singular)


Oslo

Ansloo (alternative)
Anslo (alternative)
Ansloe (alternative)


Oslo

Oslo (nominative singular)
Oslo (accusative nominative singular)
Oslon (accusative genitive singular)
Oslon (genitive singular)
Osloa (partitive singular)
Oslossa (inessive singular)
Oslosta (elative singular)
Osloon (illative singular)
Oslolla (adessive singular)
Oslolta (ablative singular)
Oslolle (allative singular)
Oslona (essive singular)
Osloksi (singular translative)
Oslotta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Osloni (nominative singular)
Osloni (accusative nominative singular)
Osloni (accusative genitive singular)
Osloni (genitive singular)
Osloani (partitive singular)
Oslossani (inessive singular)
Oslostani (elative singular)
Oslooni (illative singular)
Oslollani (adessive singular)
Osloltani (ablative singular)
Oslolleni (allative singular)
Oslonani (essive singular)
Oslokseni (singular translative)
Oslottani (abessive singular)
Oslosi (nominative singular)
Oslosi (accusative nominative singular)
Oslosi (accusative genitive singular)
Oslosi (genitive singular)
Osloasi (partitive singular)
Oslossasi (inessive singular)
Oslostasi (elative singular)
Osloosi (illative singular)
Oslollasi (adessive singular)
Osloltasi (ablative singular)
Oslollesi (allative singular)
Oslonasi (essive singular)
Osloksesi (singular translative)
Oslottasi (abessive singular)
Oslomme (nominative singular)
Oslomme (accusative nominative singular)
Oslomme (accusative genitive singular)
Oslomme (genitive singular)
Osloamme (partitive singular)
Oslossamme (inessive singular)
Oslostamme (elative singular)
Osloomme (illative singular)
Oslollamme (adessive singular)
Osloltamme (ablative singular)
Oslollemme (allative singular)
Oslonamme (essive singular)
Osloksemme (singular translative)
Oslottamme (abessive singular)
Oslonne (nominative singular)
Oslonne (accusative nominative singular)
Oslonne (accusative genitive singular)
Oslonne (genitive singular)
Osloanne (partitive singular)
Oslossanne (inessive singular)
Oslostanne (elative singular)
Osloonne (illative singular)
Oslollanne (adessive singular)
Osloltanne (ablative singular)
Oslollenne (allative singular)
Oslonanne (essive singular)
Osloksenne (singular translative)
Oslottanne (abessive singular)
Oslonsa (nominative singular)
Oslonsa (accusative nominative singular)
Oslonsa (accusative genitive singular)
Oslonsa (genitive singular)
Osloaan (partitive singular)
Osloansa (partitive singular)
Oslossaan (inessive singular)
Oslossansa (inessive singular)
Oslostaan (elative singular)
Oslostansa (elative singular)
Osloonsa (illative singular)
Oslollaan (adessive singular)
Oslollansa (adessive singular)
Osloltaan (ablative singular)
Osloltansa (ablative singular)
Oslolleen (allative singular)
Oslollensa (allative singular)
Oslonaan (essive singular)
Oslonansa (essive singular)
Oslokseen (singular translative)
Osloksensa (singular translative)
Oslottaan (abessive singular)
Oslottansa (abessive singular)


Oslo

de-proper noun

Oslo n (proper noun, genitive Oslos or (optionally with an article) Oslo)

Oslos (genitive)
Oslo (genitive with-article)


Oslo

Oslo (nominative singular)
Oslót (accusative singular)
Oslónak (dative singular)
Oslóval (instrumental singular)
Oslóért (causal-final singular)
Oslóvá (singular translative)
Oslóig (singular terminative)
Osloként (essive-formal singular)
Oslóban (inessive singular)
Oslón (singular superessive)
Oslónál (adessive singular)
Oslóba (illative singular)
Oslóra (singular sublative)
Oslóhoz (allative singular)
Oslóból (elative singular)
Oslóról (delative singular)
Oslótól (ablative singular)
Oslóé (singular)
Oslóéi (singular)
Oslóm (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Oslód (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Oslója (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Oslónk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Oslótok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Oslójuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)


Oslo

From Old Norse Ósló, Ásló, first part from áss (“a god in Norse mythology”) + last part from ló (“meadow”).


Oslo

Barcode Project
Christian IV
Old Town, Oslo#Mediaeval Oslo
Oslo Opera House
Tom Segalstad
nn:Oslo

From Old Norse Ósló, Ásló f or n. The first element is disputed, but is likely from ǫ́ss, áss (“god; one of the Æsir”), from Proto-Germanic *ansuz. The name Ósló then comes from older *Ǫ́sló where the ǫ́ is nasalised (whence the -n- in Dutch Ansloo and Latin Ansloa), from Proto-Norse *ᚨᚾᛊᚢᛚᚨᚢᚺᚢ (*ansulauhu), from Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god, deity”) + *lauhō f, *lauhaz m (“clearing, meadow”). According to Sandnes and Stemshaug, the name has likely been around since before the first century.
Another theory is that the first part comes from áss (“hill, beam”), from Proto-Germanic *ansaz, but this is unlikely, as there would be no explanation for ó- found in Ósló. The geologist Tom V. Segalstad has claimed that it comes from Old Norse ufs (“steep mountainside”), based on the Danicised spelling Opsloe. However, this form was never used in Norwegian, and various borrowings have -n- to signify a nasal vowel, which ufs would not have.
Cognates include Faroese and Icelandic Ósló, Dutch Ansloo and (also Low German) Anslo, and Latin Ansloa, Asloa, Osloa (Latinisations).
Between 1624 and 1925, Oslo referred to the old town of Oslo, a mediaeval town that burnt down in 1624. When the city was rebuilt, king Christian IV of Denmark named the new city Christiania (later spelling: Kristiania) after himself. During the 1800s, various authors would begin taking the old name back and the city officially changed its name to Oslo in 1925. The location of the old town got the name Gamlebyen (literally “Old Town”), now a neighbourhood in the modern city.

Han berre klagar paa det, at Namnet sidan vardt burtskutlat, med di at Kong Kristian IV i Aaret 1624 «hadde det uheppne Innfallet at umbyta det eldgamle ærverdige Namnet Oslo med det nye, sjølvuppfundne og halvbarbariske Namn Christiania». […] Og detta er vel ogso den rettaste Synsmaaten.

1912, Ivar Aasen, “Um Namnet Oslo”, in Skrifter i samling, page 204:

His [P. A. Munch’s] only complaint was that the name was later thrown away, as king Christian IV in the year 1624 “had the unfortunate idea of switching out the old honourable name Oslo with the new, self-invented and half-barbaric name Christiania”. […] And this is probably also the most correct way to look at it.

Folk kjøper seg hytta på Geilo og Gol. Dei vil stå litt på slalåm og slikka litt sol. Eg kjenne det krible, eg har eit begjær: Eg vil ha hytta i Oslo; det er der eg vil vær.

People buy cabins in Geilo and Gol. They want to stand on slalom and lick some sun. I feel it tingle, I have a lust: I want a cabin in Oslo; there is where I want to be.


Oslo

pl-prop

Oslo n (indeclinable, related adjective oslowski)

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital and largest city of Norway)


Oslo

Ȍslo (canonical neuter)
О̏сло (Cyrillic)
Oslo (nominative singular)
Osla (genitive singular)
Oslu (dative singular)
Oslo (accusative singular)
Oslo (singular vocative)
Oslu (locative singular)
Oslom (instrumental singular)


Oslo

sk-proper noun

Oslo n (genitive singular Osla, declension pattern of mesto)

Osla (genitive singular)
mesto (declension-pattern-of)
Oslo (nominative singular-only)
Osla (genitive singular-only)
Oslu (dative singular-only)
Oslo (accusative singular-only)
Osle (locative singular-only)
Oslom (instrumental singular-only)


Oslo

Oslo (nominative singular)
Oslolar (nominative plural)
Oslo'lar (nominative plural)
Oslo'yu (accusative singular)
Osloları (accusative plural)
Oslo'ları (accusative plural)
Oslo'ya (dative singular)
Oslolara (dative plural)
Oslo'lara (dative plural)
Oslo'da (locative singular)
Oslolarda (locative plural)
Oslo'larda (locative plural)
Oslo'dan (ablative singular)
Oslolardan (ablative plural)
Oslo'lardan (ablative plural)
Oslo'nun (genitive singular)
Osloların (genitive plural)
Oslo'ların (genitive plural)
Oslo'm (first-person singular)
Oslolarım (first-person singular)
Oslo'larım (first-person singular)
Oslo'n (second-person singular)
Osloların (second-person singular)
Oslo'ların (second-person singular)
Oslo'su (singular third-person)
Osloları (singular third-person)
Oslo'ları (singular third-person)
Oslo'muz (first-person plural)
Oslolarımız (first-person plural)
Oslo'larımız (first-person plural)
Oslo'nuz (plural second-person)
Oslolarınız (plural second-person)
Oslo'larınız (plural second-person)
Oslo'su (plural third-person)
Osloları (plural third-person)
Oslo'ları (plural third-person)


Philadelphia

[fɪɫəˈdɜɫfi.ə]

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Philadelphia.wav

Attalus II Philadelphus
Kingdom of Pergamon
Philadelphia (disambiguation)
Ptolemaid Egypt
Ptolemy II Philadelphus
William Penn

From Latin Philadelphia, from Ancient Greek Φιλαδέλφεια (Philadélpheia), from φιλάδελφος (philádelphos, “brother/sibling-loving”) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming placenames”), from the combining form of φῐλέειν (phĭléein, “to love”) + ἀδελφός (adelphós, “brother, sibling”). In reference to the city in Turkey, named for the loyal Attalus II Philadelphus of Pergamon. In reference to the city in Jordan, named for the incestuous Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt. In reference to the American city, named for the ancient towns as well as the Quaker William Penn's aim of fostering religious tolerance. Doublet of Filadelfia.

der

(historical) Former name of Amman, the capital of Jordan.


Quito

Borrowed from Spanish Quito. Named after the Quitu tribe. The name is a combination of two Tsafiki words: quitso (“center”) + to (“the world”); roughly translating as "center of the world."


Quito

quitský (adjective relational)
Quito (nominative singular)
Quita (genitive singular)
Quitu (dative singular)
Quito (accusative singular)
Quito (singular vocative)
Quitu (locative singular)
Quitem (instrumental singular)


Quito

sk-proper noun

Quito n (genitive singular Quita, declension pattern of mesto)

Quita (genitive singular)
mesto (declension-pattern-of)


Quito

Named after the Quitu tribe. The name is a combination of two Tsafiki words: quitso (“center”) + to (“the world”); roughly translating as "center of the world."


Riyadh

From Arabic الرِّيَاض (ar-riyāḍ, literally “the meadows”).


Rome

→ Hindi: रोम (rom)

→ Thai: โรม (room)

From Middle English Rome, from Old English Rōm, from Proto-West Germanic *Rūmu, from Proto-Germanic *Rūmō and influenced by Late Latin Rōma (“Rome, Constantinople”), from Classical Latin Rōma (“Rome”). In Roman mythology, the name was said to derive from Romulus, one of the founders of the city and its first king.
The name appears in a wide range of forms in Middle English, including Rom, Room, Roome, and Rombe as well as Rome; by early modern English, it appeared as Rome, Room, and Roome, with the spelling Rome occurring in Shakespeare and common from the early 18th century on. The final spelling was influenced by Norman, Middle French, Anglo-Norman, and Old French Rome. Doublet of Roma and Rum.

der

Rom (alternative)
Roome (alternative)
Room (alternative)
Rhoome (alternative)
Romme (alternative)
Rowme (alternative)
Roym (alternative)
Rum (alternative)
Roma (alternative)

do not sit in Rome and strive with the Pope

When could they say (till now) that talk'd of Rome,
That her wide Walles incompast but one man?
Now is it Rome indeed, and Roome enough
When there is in it but one onely man.

1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], line 157:

Within the last thirty weeks I have heard the word Rome pronounced Room by several old-fashioned people in the north of Ireland, some of my own relations among the number. On remonstrating with one of these, she said, "It was always Room when I was at school (say about 1830), and I am too old to change it now."

1866 December 8, 'Filius Ecclesiæ', Notes & Queries, "Rome:Room", 456 1

A city on the Tiber River on the Italian peninsula; ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of Italy; capital city of the region of Lazio.


Rome

Inherited from Dutch Rome, from Middle Dutch rome.

Rome (a city, the ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of Italy; capital city of the region of Lazio).


Rome

Afrikaans: Rome

* (capital of Italy) From Middle Dutch rome.
* (Maasdriel) First attested as Rome in 1830-1855. Named after the Italian city, allegedly because many Roman artefacts were found there.


Rome

→ Guianese Creole: Ròm

→ Haitian Creole: Wòm

→ Persian: رم (rom)

→ Lao: ໂຣມ (rōm)

Inherited from Old French Rome, from Latin Rōma.


Seoul

From Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”), originally from Claude-Charles Dallet's French-based romanization of Korean, reinforced by the 1959 South Korean Ministry of Education romanization of Korean, which transcribed the Korean vowel ㅓ (/ʌ/) with the digraph "eo" and which was official until 1984.
Note that English Seoul predates the Revised Romanization romanization of Seoul. The two romanization systems simply produce identical forms.

bor

The Joint Commission provided for in the Moscow agreement began its work at Seoul, the ancient capital of Korea, on March 20, 1946. This Commission, which was, of course, the key element in the plan agreed upon at Moscow, was deadlocked almost from the start.

1956, Harry S. Truman, chapter 21, in Memoirs of Harry S. Truman: Years of Trial And Hope, volume II, Doubleday & Company, →OCLC, page 320:

With almost 10 million people living in 25 different districts and the Han River through the middle, Seoul offers more than even most locals who spend a considerable amount of time have time to see for themselves.

2023 March 21, Dong-hwan Ko, “Possibly next SOHO, Seoul selects 5 neighborhoods for new signature 'K-alleys'”, in The Korea Times, archived from the original on 2023-05-13, National:

Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida on Sunday met with South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol in Seoul, reciprocating Yoon’s visit to Tokyo in March. In doing so, the two leaders marked the revival of their “shuttle diplomacy” to hold negotiations in each other’s countries and work through a series of thorny issues that have complicated their ties.

2023 May 7, Michelle Ye Hee Lee, “Japanese prime minister visits Seoul, resuming ‘shuttle diplomacy’”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-05-07, Asia:

The capital city of South Korea, also the historical capital of Korea from 1394 until the country was divided in 1945.


Seoul

From Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”).


Seoul

de-proper noun

Seoul n (proper noun, genitive Seouls or (optionally with an article) Seoul)

Seouls (genitive)
Seoul (genitive with-article)
Söul (alternative)
Soul (alternative)

Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”).


Hanoi

From Vietnamese Hà Nội, which is a Sino-Vietnamese word, 河內.

Ha Noi (alternative)
Hà Nội (alternative)

If you have seventeen days and £168 to spare, can satisfy the Iron Curtain authorities of your bona fides and your taste runs to marathon rail travel, you can now board the "Night Ferry" at Victoria and ride across the whole of Europe and Asia to Hanoi, capital of North Viet-Nam, changing carriage only at Brussels, Berlin, Moscow and Pekin.

1959 December, “Talking of Trains: Five trains to Hanoi”, in Trains Illustrated, page 579:

YOUR SON WAS SERIOUSLY WOUNDED WHEN SHOT DOWN IN HANOI BUT HAS MADE FINE RECOVERY AND NOW, ACCORDING THIS GROUP, LOOKS "QUITE WELL." HE HAS BEEN EVERYTHING YOU WANT YOUR SON TO BE AND HAS STOOD UP MANFULLY AGAINST ALL EFFORTS TO PERSUADE HIM TO UTTER TRAITOROUS STATEMENTS.

1999, John McCain, Faith of My Fathers, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 285:

An Giang · Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu · Bắc Giang · Bắc Kạn · Bạc Liêu · Bắc Ninh · Bến Tre · Bình Định · Bình Dương · Bình Phước · Bình Thuận · Cà Mau · Cao Bằng · Đắk Lắk · Đắk Nông · Điện Biên · Đồng Nai · Đồng Tháp · Gia Lai · Hà Giang · Hà Nam · Hà Tĩnh · Hải Dương · Hậu Giang · Hoà Bình · Hưng Yên · Khánh Hoà · Kiên Giang · Kon Tum · Lai Châu · Lâm Đồng · Lạng Sơn · Lào Cai · Long An · Nam Định · Nghệ An · Ninh Bình · Ninh Thuận · Phú Thọ · Phú Yên · Quảng Bình · Quảng Nam · Quảng Ngãi · Quảng Ninh · Quảng Trị · Sóc Trăng · Sơn La · Tây Ninh · Thái Bình · Thái Nguyên · Thanh Hoá · Thừa Thiên Huế · Tiền Giang · Trà Vinh · Tuyên Quang · Vĩnh Long · Vĩnh Phúc · Yên Bái

Cần Thơ · Da Nang · Haiphong · Hanoi · Ho Chi Minh City


Hanoi

de-proper noun

Hanoi n (proper noun, genitive Hanois or (optionally with an article) Hanoi)

Hanois (genitive)
Hanoi (genitive with-article)


Hanoi

Borrowed from Vietnamese Hà Nội, from Chinese 河內 /河内 (Hénèi).


Tashkent

/ˌtɑːʃˈkɛnt/

Borrowed from Russian Ташкент (Taškent), from Uzbek Toshkent, from Chagatai تاشکند (taškänd), compound of tosh (“stone”) + Old Turkic [script needed] (kend, “city”) (compare Turkish kent), the latter borrowed from Sogdian [Term?] (/kand/, “city”).

der

Tashkand (alternative)
Tashkend (alternative)

The Uzbek opera house and the Uzbek dramatic theater, both in Tashkent, are of recent origin and arose under Soviet influence.

1948, Henry A. Wallace, Andrew Jacob Steiger, Soviet Asia Mission, →OCLC, →OL, page 103:


Tashkent

Tashkent (the capital city of Uzbekistan)


Tehran

Diacriticless transliteration of Iranian Persian تِهران (tehrân), from Classical Persian تَهران (tahrān). See there for more.

translit

Teheran (alternative)
Tehrân (alternative)


Tehran

Tehran (nominative)
Tehrannıñ (genitive)
Tehranga (dative)
Tehrannı (accusative)
Tehranda (locative)
Tehrandan (ablative)


Tirana

A municipality, the capital and largest city of Albania, located in the center of the country west of the mountain of Dajti on the plain of Tirana; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality.


Tirana

Tirana (a municipality, the capital and largest city of Albania, located in the center of the country west of the mountain of Dajti on the plain of Tirana; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality)


Tirana

cs-proper noun

Tirana f (relational adjective tiranský)

tiranský (adjective relational)
Tirana (nominative singular)
Tirany (genitive singular)
Tiraně (dative singular)
Tiranu (accusative singular)
Tirano (singular vocative)
Tiraně (locative singular)
Tiranou (instrumental singular)


Tirana

Tirana (nominative singular)
Tiranát (accusative singular)
Tiranának (dative singular)
Tiranával (instrumental singular)
Tiranáért (causal-final singular)
Tiranává (singular translative)
Tiranáig (singular terminative)
Tiranaként (essive-formal singular)
Tiranában (inessive singular)
Tiranán (singular superessive)
Tiranánál (adessive singular)
Tiranába (illative singular)
Tiranára (singular sublative)
Tiranához (allative singular)
Tiranából (elative singular)
Tiranáról (delative singular)
Tiranától (ablative singular)
Tiranáé (singular)
Tiranáéi (singular)
Tiranám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Tiranád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Tiranája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Tiranánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Tiranátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Tiranájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Albanian Tirana, definite nominative of Tiranë.


Tirana

NB - Pronunciation of Norwegian Bokmål «Tirana».ogg

From Albanian Tirana, definite nominative form of Tiranë.

Etter det kommunistiske styrets fall i 1991 opplevde Tirana dens største befolkningsvekst.

After the fall of the communist regime in 1991, Tirana experienced its largest population growth.


Tirana

Tirana (nominative singular)
Tirany (genitive singular)
Tiranie (dative singular)
Tiranę (accusative singular)
Tiraną (instrumental singular)
Tiranie (locative singular)
Tirano (singular vocative)


Tirana

/t͡ʃiˈɾɐ̃.nɐ/

/t͡ʃiˈɾɐ̃.nɐ/


Tirana

Tiràna (canonical feminine)
Тира̀на (Cyrillic)
Tirana (nominative singular)
Tirane (genitive singular)
Tirani (dative singular)
Tiranu (accusative singular)
Tirano (singular vocative)
Tirana (singular vocative)
Tirani (locative singular)
Tiranom (instrumental singular)


Tokyo

Borrowed from Japanese 東(とう)京(きょう) (Tōkyō, literally “eastern capital”), as opposed to Kyoto in the west, from Middle Chinese 東 (tuŋ, “east”) + 京 (kˠiæŋ, “capital”).

ja-r

Tokio (alternative)
Tōkyō (alternative)
Tôkyô (alternative)

A prefecture, the capital city of Japan.


Tokyo

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)


Tokyo

Borrowed from Japanese 東京 (とうきょう, Tōkyō, literally “Eastern capital”), from Middle Chinese 東 (tuwng, “east”) + 京 (kjæng, “capital”).

bor+

とうきょう, Tōkyō


Tokyo

From Japanese 東京 (とうきょう, Tōkyō, literally “Eastern capital”), from both Middle Chinese 東 (tuwng, “east”), from Old Japanese 東 (*pi₁mukasi) + and from 京 (kjæng, “capital”), either from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gaŋ (“hill, ridge, mountain”), or of Austroasiatic origin.

der

とうきょう, Tōkyō

Tokyo er Japans økonomiske sentrum og midtpunkt i verdens største by- og industriregion.

Tokyo is Japan's economic center and center of the world's largest urban and industrial region.

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Kantō, Japan)


Tripoli

From Italian Tripoli, from Latin Tripolis, from Ancient Greek Τρίπολις (Trípolis), from τρι- (tri-, “three”) + πολις (polis, “city, city-state”). In reference to American cities, after US actions off Tripoli in Libya during the First Barbary War. Doublet of Tripolis and Tirebolu.

Tripoly (alternative)
Tripolis (alternative)

The capital city of Libya, originally three separate settlements known as Oea, Sabratha, and Leptis Magna.


Tripoli

Borrowed from Latin Tripolis, from Ancient Greek Τρίπολις (Trípolis).


Tunis

Borrowed from Arabic تُونِس (tūnis). Further derivation uncertain, but some possibilities are:
* Derived from a Berber root ens "to lie down", tansawt "to pass the night", thus "encampment".
* Related to the Phoenician goddess Tanit.

Tunis, the capital of the above country, with a citadel of eminence, and the fortress of Goletta on the side of a canal, which is the greatest naval and military depot belonging to the bey.

1827, Richard Brookes, “Tunis”, in The General Gazetteer; or, Compendious Geographical Dictionary:

The capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia.


Tunis

Tunis (The capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


Tunis

cs-proper noun

Tunis m inan (relational adjective tuniský)

tuniský (adjective relational)
Tunis (nominative singular)
Tunisu (genitive singular)
Tunisu (dative singular)
Tunis (accusative singular)
Tunise (singular vocative)
Tunise (locative singular)
Tunisu (locative singular)
Tunisem (instrumental singular)


Tunis

de-proper noun

Tunis n (proper noun, genitive Tunis' or (with an article) Tunis)

Tunis' (genitive)
Tunis (genitive)
Tunes (alternative)


Tunis

Tunis (nominative singular)
Tunisu (genitive singular)
Tunisowi (dative singular)
Tunis (accusative singular)
Tunisem (instrumental singular)
Tunisie (locative singular)
Tunisie (singular vocative)


Tunis

Tùnis (canonical masculine)
Ту̀нис (Cyrillic)
Tunis (nominative singular)
Tunisa (genitive singular)
Tunisu (dative singular)
Tunis (accusative singular)
Tunisu (singular vocative)
Tunisu (locative singular)
Tunisom (instrumental singular)


Tunis

sk-proper noun

Tunis m inan (genitive singular Tunisu, declension pattern of dub)

Tunisu (genitive singular)
dub (declension-pattern-of)


Vienna

From Italian and Medieval Latin Vienna, from German Wien, Middle High German Wienne, and Old High German Wienna, probably from Proto-Celtic *widus (“wood”) or *weidus (“wild”) via unattested Vulgar Latin *Vedunia. Doublet of Wien.

From several magnets combined von Hellenbach and Gessmann in Vienna constructed considerably stronger hypnoscopes, through which 66 per cent. of those examined showed the above mentioned sensitiveness […]

1889, Humboldt library of science, number 113, page 13:

He designed several remarkable buildings in and around Vienna, like the factory for the Zacherl family’s insecticide business, a striking polychromed brick building with pointed arches, minarets and a dome, explicitly Islamic in style.

2007 July 8, Christopher Gray, “Beyond Decay, a Fantastical Three-Story Concoction”, in The New York Times:

The capital and largest city of Austria.

A state of Austria, including the city, within the state of Lower Austria.


Vienna

Of disputed origin. Possibly from the Roman name, Latin Vindobona, or from a Celtic word *Vedunia (“forest stream”), for which compare Proto-Celtic *widus (“woodland”).


Vientiane

From French Vientiane, from Lao ວຽງຈັນ (wīang chan).

From Saigon we flew to Vientiane, the capital of Laos, where I had a long meeting with Prince Souvanna Phouma, a young, Paris-educated member of the Laotian ruling family, who was then Prime Minister.

1978, Richard Nixon, “Vice President 1953-1960”, in RN: the Memoirs of Richard Nixon, Grosset & Dunlap, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 122:


Vientiane

cs-proper noun

Vientiane n (relational adjective vientianský)

vientianský (adjective relational)
Vientiane (nominative singular)
Vientianu (genitive singular)
Vientianu (dative singular)
Vientiane (accusative singular)
Vientiane (singular vocative)
Vientianu (locative singular)
Vientianem (instrumental singular)
Viangchan (alternative)


Vientiane

Vientiane (nominative singular)
Vientiane (accusative nominative singular)
Vientianen (accusative genitive singular)
Vientianen (genitive singular)
Vientianea (partitive singular)
Vientianessa (inessive singular)
Vientianesta (elative singular)
Vientianeen (illative singular)
Vientianella (adessive singular)
Vientianelta (ablative singular)
Vientianelle (allative singular)
Vientianena (essive singular)
Vientianeksi (singular translative)
Vientianetta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Vientianeni (nominative singular)
Vientianeni (accusative nominative singular)
Vientianeni (accusative genitive singular)
Vientianeni (genitive singular)
Vientianeani (partitive singular)
Vientianessani (inessive singular)
Vientianestani (elative singular)
Vientianeeni (illative singular)
Vientianellani (adessive singular)
Vientianeltani (ablative singular)
Vientianelleni (allative singular)
Vientianenani (essive singular)
Vientianekseni (singular translative)
Vientianettani (abessive singular)
Vientianesi (nominative singular)
Vientianesi (accusative nominative singular)
Vientianesi (accusative genitive singular)
Vientianesi (genitive singular)
Vientianeasi (partitive singular)
Vientianessasi (inessive singular)
Vientianestasi (elative singular)
Vientianeesi (illative singular)
Vientianellasi (adessive singular)
Vientianeltasi (ablative singular)
Vientianellesi (allative singular)
Vientianenasi (essive singular)
Vientianeksesi (singular translative)
Vientianettasi (abessive singular)
Vientianemme (nominative singular)
Vientianemme (accusative nominative singular)
Vientianemme (accusative genitive singular)
Vientianemme (genitive singular)
Vientianeamme (partitive singular)
Vientianessamme (inessive singular)
Vientianestamme (elative singular)
Vientianeemme (illative singular)
Vientianellamme (adessive singular)
Vientianeltamme (ablative singular)
Vientianellemme (allative singular)
Vientianenamme (essive singular)
Vientianeksemme (singular translative)
Vientianettamme (abessive singular)
Vientianenne (nominative singular)
Vientianenne (accusative nominative singular)
Vientianenne (accusative genitive singular)
Vientianenne (genitive singular)
Vientianeanne (partitive singular)
Vientianessanne (inessive singular)
Vientianestanne (elative singular)
Vientianeenne (illative singular)
Vientianellanne (adessive singular)
Vientianeltanne (ablative singular)
Vientianellenne (allative singular)
Vientianenanne (essive singular)
Vientianeksenne (singular translative)
Vientianettanne (abessive singular)
Vientianensa (nominative singular)
Vientianensa (accusative nominative singular)
Vientianensa (accusative genitive singular)
Vientianensa (genitive singular)
Vientianeaan (partitive singular)
Vientianeansa (partitive singular)
Vientianessaan (inessive singular)
Vientianessansa (inessive singular)
Vientianestaan (elative singular)
Vientianestansa (elative singular)
Vientianeensa (illative singular)
Vientianellaan (adessive singular)
Vientianellansa (adessive singular)
Vientianeltaan (ablative singular)
Vientianeltansa (ablative singular)
Vientianelleen (allative singular)
Vientianellensa (allative singular)
Vientianenaan (essive singular)
Vientianenansa (essive singular)
Vientianekseen (singular translative)
Vientianeksensa (singular translative)
Vientianettaan (abessive singular)
Vientianettansa (abessive singular)
Viangchan (alternative)

[ˈʋie̞̯n̪t̪iˌɑ̝ne̞]


Vientiane

desc

فِيَانْتِيَان

فِيِينْتِيَان

→ Arabic: فِيَانْتِيَان (fiyāntiyān), فِيِينْتِيَان (fiyīntiyān)

→ Czech: Vientiane

→ English: Vientiane

→ Finnish: Vientiane

→ German: Vientiane

→ Japanese: ヴィエンチャン (Vienchan)

→ Korean: 비엔티안 (Bientian)

→ Polish: Wientian

→ Portuguese: Vienciana, Vientiane

→ Russian: Вьентьян (Vʹjentʹjan)

→ Ukrainian: В'єнтьян (Vʺjentʹjan)


Warsaw

en-proper noun

Warsaw (countable and uncountable, plural Warsaws)

Masovian Voivodeship
Masovian Voivodeship#English

The capital city of Poland; capital city of the Masovian Voivodeship.


Wellington

Wellington (countable and uncountable, plural Wellingtons)

Wellingtons (plural)
wellington (alternative)

From earlier Weolingtun, from:
# For the place in Shropshire, England: Partly uncertain. The second element from Old English tūn (“estate”), while the first element could come either from *wœling (“ridge, bank”), or else from *wēoling (“device, artefact”).
# For the place in Somerset, England: Partly obscure. The last element from Old English tūn (“estate”), while the first element could come from either the personal name *Wēola + ing, or else *wēoling (“trap”).
# Many places with this name are named after Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, British soldier and statesman.

Abbreviation: Wgton.


Wellington

Wellington (the capital city of New Zealand)


Wellington

cs-proper noun

Wellington m inan (relational adjective wellingtonský)

wellingtonský (adjective relational)
Wellington (nominative singular)
Wellingtonu (genitive singular)
Wellingtonu (dative singular)
Wellington (accusative singular)
Wellingtone (singular vocative)
Wellingtoně (locative singular)
Wellingtonu (locative singular)
Wellingtonem (instrumental singular)


Wellington

Wellington (nominative singular)
Wellingtonu (genitive singular)
Wellingtonowi (dative singular)
Wellington (accusative singular)
Wellingtonem (instrumental singular)
Wellingtonie (locative singular)
Wellingtonie (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Wellington.


Wellington

sk-proper noun

Wellington m inan (genitive singular Wellingtonu, declension pattern of dub)

Wellingtonu (genitive singular)
dub (declension-pattern-of)


Wellington

/ˈwɛlɪŋˌtən/


Zagreb

The capital and largest city of Croatia.


Zagreb

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


Zagreb

head

Zagreb (genitive Zagrebi, partitive Zagrebit)

Zagrebi (genitive)
Zagrebit (partitive)
Zagreb (nominative singular)
Zagreb (accusative nominative singular)
Zagrebi (accusative genitive singular)
Zagrebi (genitive singular)
Zagrebit (partitive singular)
Zagrebisse (illative singular)
Zagrebis (inessive singular)
Zagrebist (elative singular)
Zagrebile (allative singular)
Zagrebil (adessive singular)
Zagrebilt (ablative singular)
Zagrebiks (singular translative)
Zagrebini (singular terminative)
Zagrebina (essive singular)
Zagrebita (abessive singular)
Zagrebiga (comitative singular)

/ˈz̥ɑːɡ̊reb̥/

[ˈz̥ɑːɡ̊reb̥]


Zagreb

de-proper noun

Zagreb n (proper noun, genitive Zagrebs or (optionally with an article) Zagreb)

Zagrebs (genitive)
Zagreb (genitive with-article)


Zagreb

Zágreb (canonical masculine)
За́греб (Cyrillic)
Zágreb (nominative singular)
Zágreba (genitive singular)
Zágrebu (dative singular)
Zágreb (accusative singular)
Zágrebe (singular vocative)
Zágrebu (locative singular)
Zágrebom (instrumental singular)


Zagreb

[ˈθa.ɣ̞ɾeβ̞]

[ˈsa.ɣ̞ɾeβ̞]


Sarajevo

From Serbo-Croatian Sarajevo, from Ottoman Turkish سرای, Turkish Saray-ovası, from saray (“palace”), from Persian سرای (sarây, “inn”).), and ova "plain, lowland".

I had planned a stop in Sarajevo to meet with a multiethnic delegation to hear their ideas about what the United States government and private organizations could do to help heal a society ripped apart by war. The security situation forced me to cancel my trip to Sarajevo, but the people I was to meet were so disappointed that they insisted on braving the journey along fifty miles of treacherous roads to meet me in Tuzla.

2003, Hillary Rodham Clinton, “War Zones”, in Living History, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 344:

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

The capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, built on the Miljacka river.


Sarajevo

cs-proper noun

Sarajevo n (relational adjective sarajevský)

sarajevský (adjective relational)
Sarajevo (nominative singular)
Sarajeva (genitive singular)
Sarajevu (dative singular)
Sarajevo (accusative singular)
Sarajevo (singular vocative)
Sarajevě (locative singular)
Sarajevu (locative singular)
Sarajevem (instrumental singular)

Sarajevo (the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Sarajevo

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Sarajevo, from Ottoman Turkish سرای (saray, “house, mansion, palace”), from Persian سرای (sarây, “inn”).


Sarajevo

head

Sarajevo (genitive Sarajevo, partitive Sarajevot)

Sarajevo (genitive)
Sarajevot (partitive)
Sarajevo (nominative singular)
Sarajevo (accusative nominative singular)
Sarajevo (accusative genitive singular)
Sarajevo (genitive singular)
Sarajevot (partitive singular)
Sarajevosse (illative singular)
Sarajevos (inessive singular)
Sarajevost (elative singular)
Sarajevole (allative singular)
Sarajevol (adessive singular)
Sarajevolt (ablative singular)
Sarajevoks (singular translative)
Sarajevoni (singular terminative)
Sarajevona (essive singular)
Sarajevota (abessive singular)
Sarajevoga (comitative singular)


Sarajevo

de-proper noun

Sarajevo n (proper noun, genitive Sarajevos or (optionally with an article) Sarajevo)

Sarajevos (genitive)
Sarajevo (genitive with-article)
Sarajevo (definite nominative singular)
Sarajevos (definite genitive singular)
Sarajevo (definite genitive singular with-article)
Sarajevo (dative definite singular)
Sarajevo (accusative definite singular)


Sarajevo

sh-proper noun

Sàrajevo n (Cyrillic spelling Са̀рајево)

Sàrajevo (canonical neuter)
Са̀рајево (Cyrillic)
Sarajevo (nominative singular)
Sarajeva (genitive singular)
Sarajevu (dative singular)
Sarajevo (accusative singular)
Sarajevo (singular vocative)
Sarajevu (locative singular)
Sarajevom (instrumental singular)

From Ottoman Turkish سرای (saray) (from Persian سرای (sarây, “house, palace”)) and اووه (ova, “plain, lowland”) (from Proto-Turkic [Term?]).


Sarajevo

sk-proper noun

Sarajevo n (genitive singular Sarajeva, declension pattern of mesto)

Sarajeva (genitive singular)
mesto (declension-pattern-of)

Sarajevo (the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Sofia

Variant spelling of Sophia and from various other languages' own adaptions of Ancient Greek Σοφία (Sophía, “wisdom, especially divine wisdom”). Sometimes borrowed into English as an anglicization of an accented or closely related form, as with Spanish Sofía, Welsh Soffia, and Hungarian Zsófia.
As the capital of Bulgaria, via nonstandard romanization of Bulgarian Со́фия (Sófiya), from църква „Света София“ (cǎrkva "Sveta Sofija"), from Byzantine Greek Ναός Ἁγίας Σοφίας (Naós Hagías Sophías, “Church of Holy Wisdom”), the city's prominent 6th-century Byzantine Greek church, first attested being used as the name for the city in the 14th century and reinforced under Ottoman rule as Ottoman Turkish صوفیه (Sofya). Compare the name of the Hagia Sophia.


Sofia

Sofia (nominative singular)
Sofiat (nominative plural)
Sofia (accusative nominative singular)
Sofiat (accusative nominative plural)
Sofian (accusative genitive singular)
Sofiat (accusative genitive plural)
Sofian (genitive singular)
Sofioiden (genitive plural)
Sofioitten (genitive plural)
Sofiain (genitive plural rare)
Sofiaa (partitive singular)
Sofioita (partitive plural)
Sofiassa (inessive singular)
Sofioissa (inessive plural)
Sofiasta (elative singular)
Sofioista (elative plural)
Sofiaan (illative singular)
Sofioihin (illative plural)
Sofialla (adessive singular)
Sofioilla (adessive plural)
Sofialta (ablative singular)
Sofioilta (ablative plural)
Sofialle (allative singular)
Sofioille (allative plural)
Sofiana (essive singular)
Sofioina (essive plural)
Sofiaksi (singular translative)
Sofioiksi (plural translative)
Sofiatta (abessive singular)
Sofioitta (abessive plural)
Sofioin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Sofiani (nominative singular)
Sofiani (nominative plural)
Sofiani (accusative nominative singular)
Sofiani (accusative nominative plural)
Sofiani (accusative genitive singular)
Sofiani (accusative genitive plural)
Sofiani (genitive singular)
Sofioideni (genitive plural)
Sofioitteni (genitive plural)
Sofiaini (genitive plural rare)
Sofiaani (partitive singular)
Sofioitani (partitive plural)
Sofiassani (inessive singular)
Sofioissani (inessive plural)
Sofiastani (elative singular)
Sofioistani (elative plural)
Sofiaani (illative singular)
Sofioihini (illative plural)
Sofiallani (adessive singular)
Sofioillani (adessive plural)
Sofialtani (ablative singular)
Sofioiltani (ablative plural)
Sofialleni (allative singular)
Sofioilleni (allative plural)
Sofianani (essive singular)
Sofioinani (essive plural)
Sofiakseni (singular translative)
Sofioikseni (plural translative)
Sofiattani (abessive singular)
Sofioittani (abessive plural)
Sofioineni (comitative plural)
Sofiasi (nominative singular)
Sofiasi (nominative plural)
Sofiasi (accusative nominative singular)
Sofiasi (accusative nominative plural)
Sofiasi (accusative genitive singular)
Sofiasi (accusative genitive plural)
Sofiasi (genitive singular)
Sofioidesi (genitive plural)
Sofioittesi (genitive plural)
Sofiaisi (genitive plural rare)
Sofiaasi (partitive singular)
Sofioitasi (partitive plural)
Sofiassasi (inessive singular)
Sofioissasi (inessive plural)
Sofiastasi (elative singular)
Sofioistasi (elative plural)
Sofiaasi (illative singular)
Sofioihisi (illative plural)
Sofiallasi (adessive singular)
Sofioillasi (adessive plural)
Sofialtasi (ablative singular)
Sofioiltasi (ablative plural)
Sofiallesi (allative singular)
Sofioillesi (allative plural)
Sofianasi (essive singular)
Sofioinasi (essive plural)
Sofiaksesi (singular translative)
Sofioiksesi (plural translative)
Sofiattasi (abessive singular)
Sofioittasi (abessive plural)
Sofioinesi (comitative plural)
Sofiamme (nominative singular)
Sofiamme (nominative plural)
Sofiamme (accusative nominative singular)
Sofiamme (accusative nominative plural)
Sofiamme (accusative genitive singular)
Sofiamme (accusative genitive plural)
Sofiamme (genitive singular)
Sofioidemme (genitive plural)
Sofioittemme (genitive plural)
Sofiaimme (genitive plural rare)
Sofiaamme (partitive singular)
Sofioitamme (partitive plural)
Sofiassamme (inessive singular)
Sofioissamme (inessive plural)
Sofiastamme (elative singular)
Sofioistamme (elative plural)
Sofiaamme (illative singular)
Sofioihimme (illative plural)
Sofiallamme (adessive singular)
Sofioillamme (adessive plural)
Sofialtamme (ablative singular)
Sofioiltamme (ablative plural)
Sofiallemme (allative singular)
Sofioillemme (allative plural)
Sofianamme (essive singular)
Sofioinamme (essive plural)
Sofiaksemme (singular translative)
Sofioiksemme (plural translative)
Sofiattamme (abessive singular)
Sofioittamme (abessive plural)
Sofioinemme (comitative plural)
Sofianne (nominative singular)
Sofianne (nominative plural)
Sofianne (accusative nominative singular)
Sofianne (accusative nominative plural)
Sofianne (accusative genitive singular)
Sofianne (accusative genitive plural)
Sofianne (genitive singular)
Sofioidenne (genitive plural)
Sofioittenne (genitive plural)
Sofiainne (genitive plural rare)
Sofiaanne (partitive singular)
Sofioitanne (partitive plural)
Sofiassanne (inessive singular)
Sofioissanne (inessive plural)
Sofiastanne (elative singular)
Sofioistanne (elative plural)
Sofiaanne (illative singular)
Sofioihinne (illative plural)
Sofiallanne (adessive singular)
Sofioillanne (adessive plural)
Sofialtanne (ablative singular)
Sofioiltanne (ablative plural)
Sofiallenne (allative singular)
Sofioillenne (allative plural)
Sofiananne (essive singular)
Sofioinanne (essive plural)
Sofiaksenne (singular translative)
Sofioiksenne (plural translative)
Sofiattanne (abessive singular)
Sofioittanne (abessive plural)
Sofioinenne (comitative plural)
Sofiansa (nominative singular)
Sofiansa (nominative plural)
Sofiansa (accusative nominative singular)
Sofiansa (accusative nominative plural)
Sofiansa (accusative genitive singular)
Sofiansa (accusative genitive plural)
Sofiansa (genitive singular)
Sofioidensa (genitive plural)
Sofioittensa (genitive plural)
Sofiainsa (genitive plural rare)
Sofiaansa (partitive singular)
Sofioitaan (partitive plural)
Sofioitansa (partitive plural)
Sofiassaan (inessive singular)
Sofiassansa (inessive singular)
Sofioissaan (inessive plural)
Sofioissansa (inessive plural)
Sofiastaan (elative singular)
Sofiastansa (elative singular)
Sofioistaan (elative plural)
Sofioistansa (elative plural)
Sofiaansa (illative singular)
Sofioihinsa (illative plural)
Sofiallaan (adessive singular)
Sofiallansa (adessive singular)
Sofioillaan (adessive plural)
Sofioillansa (adessive plural)
Sofialtaan (ablative singular)
Sofialtansa (ablative singular)
Sofioiltaan (ablative plural)
Sofioiltansa (ablative plural)
Sofialleen (allative singular)
Sofiallensa (allative singular)
Sofioilleen (allative plural)
Sofioillensa (allative plural)
Sofianaan (essive singular)
Sofianansa (essive singular)
Sofioinaan (essive plural)
Sofioinansa (essive plural)
Sofiakseen (singular translative)
Sofiaksensa (singular translative)
Sofioikseen (plural translative)
Sofioiksensa (plural translative)
Sofiattaan (abessive singular)
Sofiattansa (abessive singular)
Sofioittaan (abessive plural)
Sofioittansa (abessive plural)
Sofioineen (comitative plural)
Sofioinensa (comitative plural)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek σοφία (sophía). The sense "Sofia (Bulgaria)" is through Bulgarian Со́фия (Sófija).


Sofia

de-proper noun

Sofia n (proper noun, genitive Sofias or (optionally with an article) Sofia)

Sofias (genitive)
Sofia (genitive with-article)
Sofia (definite nominative singular)
Sofias (definite genitive singular)
Sofia (definite genitive singular with-article)
Sofia (dative definite singular)
Sofia (accusative definite singular)

Borrowed from Bulgarian Со́фия (Sófija).


Sofia

Borrowed from Bulgarian София (Sofija, “Sophie, Sophia”), named after the Church of St. Sofia.


Sofia

From Bulgarian София (Sofija), renamed after the Church of St. Sofia in 1376.


Sofia

Sofia (nominative singular)
Sofii (genitive singular)
Sofii (dative singular)
Sofię (accusative singular)
Sofią (instrumental singular)
Sofii (locative singular)
Sofio (singular vocative)


Sofia

sk-proper noun

Sofia f (genitive singular Sofie, declension pattern of ulica)

Sofie (genitive singular)
ulica (declension-pattern-of)


Sofia

Ultimately of Ancient Greek origin. First recorded as a given name in Sweden in 1380 as Sophia.


Prague

From German Prag, from Slavic. See Czech Praha for further origin.

I said, I've always wanted to visit Prague.

1998 June 3, “Conjoined Fetus Lady”, in South Park, season 2, episode 5:

Kingdom of Bohemia
Kingdom of Bohemia#English

The capital city of the Czech Republic; former capital of Czechoslovakia; former capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia.


Prague

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Reykjavik

Reykjavik (nominative singular)
Reykjavik (accusative nominative singular)
Reykjavikin (accusative genitive singular)
Reykjavikin (genitive singular)
Reykjavikia (partitive singular)
Reykjavikissa (inessive singular)
Reykjavikista (elative singular)
Reykjavikiin (illative singular)
Reykjavikilla (adessive singular)
Reykjavikilta (ablative singular)
Reykjavikille (allative singular)
Reykjavikina (essive singular)
Reykjavikiksi (singular translative)
Reykjavikitta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Reykjavikini (nominative singular)
Reykjavikini (accusative nominative singular)
Reykjavikini (accusative genitive singular)
Reykjavikini (genitive singular)
Reykjavikiani (partitive singular)
Reykjavikissani (inessive singular)
Reykjavikistani (elative singular)
Reykjavikiini (illative singular)
Reykjavikillani (adessive singular)
Reykjavikiltani (ablative singular)
Reykjavikilleni (allative singular)
Reykjavikinani (essive singular)
Reykjavikikseni (singular translative)
Reykjavikittani (abessive singular)
Reykjavikisi (nominative singular)
Reykjavikisi (accusative nominative singular)
Reykjavikisi (accusative genitive singular)
Reykjavikisi (genitive singular)
Reykjavikiasi (partitive singular)
Reykjavikissasi (inessive singular)
Reykjavikistasi (elative singular)
Reykjavikiisi (illative singular)
Reykjavikillasi (adessive singular)
Reykjavikiltasi (ablative singular)
Reykjavikillesi (allative singular)
Reykjavikinasi (essive singular)
Reykjavikiksesi (singular translative)
Reykjavikittasi (abessive singular)
Reykjavikimme (nominative singular)
Reykjavikimme (accusative nominative singular)
Reykjavikimme (accusative genitive singular)
Reykjavikimme (genitive singular)
Reykjavikiamme (partitive singular)
Reykjavikissamme (inessive singular)
Reykjavikistamme (elative singular)
Reykjavikiimme (illative singular)
Reykjavikillamme (adessive singular)
Reykjavikiltamme (ablative singular)
Reykjavikillemme (allative singular)
Reykjavikinamme (essive singular)
Reykjavikiksemme (singular translative)
Reykjavikittamme (abessive singular)
Reykjavikinne (nominative singular)
Reykjavikinne (accusative nominative singular)
Reykjavikinne (accusative genitive singular)
Reykjavikinne (genitive singular)
Reykjavikianne (partitive singular)
Reykjavikissanne (inessive singular)
Reykjavikistanne (elative singular)
Reykjavikiinne (illative singular)
Reykjavikillanne (adessive singular)
Reykjavikiltanne (ablative singular)
Reykjavikillenne (allative singular)
Reykjavikinanne (essive singular)
Reykjavikiksenne (singular translative)
Reykjavikittanne (abessive singular)
Reykjavikinsa (nominative singular)
Reykjavikinsa (accusative nominative singular)
Reykjavikinsa (accusative genitive singular)
Reykjavikinsa (genitive singular)
Reykjavikiaan (partitive singular)
Reykjavikiansa (partitive singular)
Reykjavikissaan (inessive singular)
Reykjavikissansa (inessive singular)
Reykjavikistaan (elative singular)
Reykjavikistansa (elative singular)
Reykjavikiinsa (illative singular)
Reykjavikillaan (adessive singular)
Reykjavikillansa (adessive singular)
Reykjavikiltaan (ablative singular)
Reykjavikiltansa (ablative singular)
Reykjavikilleen (allative singular)
Reykjavikillensa (allative singular)
Reykjavikinaan (essive singular)
Reykjavikinansa (essive singular)
Reykjavikikseen (singular translative)
Reykjavikiksensa (singular translative)
Reykjavikittaan (abessive singular)
Reykjavikittansa (abessive singular)
Reykjavík (alternative)


Reykjavik

de-proper noun

Reykjavik n (proper noun, genitive Reykjaviks or (optionally with an article) Reykjavik)

Reykjaviks (genitive)
Reykjavik (genitive with-article)
Reykjavík (alternative)


Reykjavik

Unadapted borrowing from Icelandic Reykjavík (“bay of smokes”).


Reykjavik

Reykjavík (canonical feminine)
Røykjavik (alternative)

[²rœʏː.çɐ̞.ʋiˑk]

Unadapted borrowing from Icelandic Reykjavík.


Reykjavik

pl-prop

Reykjavik m inan (related adjective reykjavicki)

reykjavicki (adjective)
Reykjavik (nominative singular)
Reykjaviku (genitive singular)
Reykjavikowi (dative singular)
Reykjavik (accusative singular)
Reykjavikiem (instrumental singular)
Reykjaviku (locative singular)
Reykjaviku (singular vocative)

(dated) Reykjavík (the capital and largest city of Iceland)


Reykjavik

Borrowed from Icelandic Reykjavík (“bay of smokes”), equivalent to rökars + vik.


Reykjavík

Unadapted borrowing from Icelandic Reykjavík (literally “bay of smokes”).


Reykjavík

cs-proper noun

Reykjavík m inan (relational adjective reykjavický)

reykjavický (adjective relational)
Reykjavík (nominative singular)
Reykjavíku (genitive singular)
Reykjavíku (dative singular)
Reykjavík (accusative singular)
Reykjavíku (singular vocative)
Reykjavíku (locative singular)
Reykjavíkem (instrumental singular)

Borrowed from Icelandic Reykjavík (“bay of smokes”).


Reykjavík

From the Icelandic Reykjavík (“bay of smokes”).


Reykjavík

Reykjavík (nominative singular)
Reykjavík (accusative nominative singular)
Reykjavíkin (accusative genitive singular)
Reykjavíkin (genitive singular)
Reykjavíkia (partitive singular)
Reykjavíkissa (inessive singular)
Reykjavíkista (elative singular)
Reykjavíkiin (illative singular)
Reykjavíkilla (adessive singular)
Reykjavíkilta (ablative singular)
Reykjavíkille (allative singular)
Reykjavíkina (essive singular)
Reykjavíkiksi (singular translative)
Reykjavíkitta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Reykjavíkini (nominative singular)
Reykjavíkini (accusative nominative singular)
Reykjavíkini (accusative genitive singular)
Reykjavíkini (genitive singular)
Reykjavíkiani (partitive singular)
Reykjavíkissani (inessive singular)
Reykjavíkistani (elative singular)
Reykjavíkiini (illative singular)
Reykjavíkillani (adessive singular)
Reykjavíkiltani (ablative singular)
Reykjavíkilleni (allative singular)
Reykjavíkinani (essive singular)
Reykjavíkikseni (singular translative)
Reykjavíkittani (abessive singular)
Reykjavíkisi (nominative singular)
Reykjavíkisi (accusative nominative singular)
Reykjavíkisi (accusative genitive singular)
Reykjavíkisi (genitive singular)
Reykjavíkiasi (partitive singular)
Reykjavíkissasi (inessive singular)
Reykjavíkistasi (elative singular)
Reykjavíkiisi (illative singular)
Reykjavíkillasi (adessive singular)
Reykjavíkiltasi (ablative singular)
Reykjavíkillesi (allative singular)
Reykjavíkinasi (essive singular)
Reykjavíkiksesi (singular translative)
Reykjavíkittasi (abessive singular)
Reykjavíkimme (nominative singular)
Reykjavíkimme (accusative nominative singular)
Reykjavíkimme (accusative genitive singular)
Reykjavíkimme (genitive singular)
Reykjavíkiamme (partitive singular)
Reykjavíkissamme (inessive singular)
Reykjavíkistamme (elative singular)
Reykjavíkiimme (illative singular)
Reykjavíkillamme (adessive singular)
Reykjavíkiltamme (ablative singular)
Reykjavíkillemme (allative singular)
Reykjavíkinamme (essive singular)
Reykjavíkiksemme (singular translative)
Reykjavíkittamme (abessive singular)
Reykjavíkinne (nominative singular)
Reykjavíkinne (accusative nominative singular)
Reykjavíkinne (accusative genitive singular)
Reykjavíkinne (genitive singular)
Reykjavíkianne (partitive singular)
Reykjavíkissanne (inessive singular)
Reykjavíkistanne (elative singular)
Reykjavíkiinne (illative singular)
Reykjavíkillanne (adessive singular)
Reykjavíkiltanne (ablative singular)
Reykjavíkillenne (allative singular)
Reykjavíkinanne (essive singular)
Reykjavíkiksenne (singular translative)
Reykjavíkittanne (abessive singular)
Reykjavíkinsa (nominative singular)
Reykjavíkinsa (accusative nominative singular)
Reykjavíkinsa (accusative genitive singular)
Reykjavíkinsa (genitive singular)
Reykjavíkiaan (partitive singular)
Reykjavíkiansa (partitive singular)
Reykjavíkissaan (inessive singular)
Reykjavíkissansa (inessive singular)
Reykjavíkistaan (elative singular)
Reykjavíkistansa (elative singular)
Reykjavíkiinsa (illative singular)
Reykjavíkillaan (adessive singular)
Reykjavíkillansa (adessive singular)
Reykjavíkiltaan (ablative singular)
Reykjavíkiltansa (ablative singular)
Reykjavíkilleen (allative singular)
Reykjavíkillensa (allative singular)
Reykjavíkinaan (essive singular)
Reykjavíkinansa (essive singular)
Reykjavíkikseen (singular translative)
Reykjavíkiksensa (singular translative)
Reykjavíkittaan (abessive singular)
Reykjavíkittansa (abessive singular)

Alternative spelling of Reykjavik, the capital city of Iceland


Reykjavík

Reykjavík (nominative singular)
Reykjavíkot (accusative singular)
Reykjavíknak (dative singular)
Reykjavíkkal (instrumental singular)
Reykjavíkért (causal-final singular)
Reykjavíkká (singular translative)
Reykjavíkig (singular terminative)
Reykjavíkként (essive-formal singular)
Reykjavíkban (inessive singular)
Reykjavíkon (singular superessive)
Reykjavíknál (adessive singular)
Reykjavíkba (illative singular)
Reykjavíkra (singular sublative)
Reykjavíkhoz (allative singular)
Reykjavíkból (elative singular)
Reykjavíkról (delative singular)
Reykjavíktól (ablative singular)
Reykjavíké (singular)
Reykjavíkéi (singular)
Reykjavíkom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Reykjavíkod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Reykjavíkja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Reykjavíkunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Reykjavíkotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Reykjavíkjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)

Borrowed from Icelandic Reykjavík (literally “bay of smokes”).


Reykjavík

is-proper noun

Reykjavík f (proper noun, genitive singular Reykjavíkur)

Reykjavíkur (genitive singular)
Reykjavík (indefinite nominative singular)
Reykjavík (accusative indefinite singular)
Reykjavík (dative indefinite singular)
Reykjavíkur (genitive indefinite singular)

Literally, “bay of smokes”, from Old Norse Reykjavík, from reykja (genitive plural of reykr (“smoke”)) + vík (“bay”).

com

genitive plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">reykr</i> (“smoke”)

Reykjavík (a city in Höfuðborgarsvæðið, Iceland; capital city of Iceland)


Reykjavík

pl-prop

Reykjavík m inan (related adjective reykjavícki)

reykjavícki (adjective)
Reykjavík (nominative singular)
Reykjavíku (genitive singular)
Reykjavíkowi (dative singular)
Reykjavík (accusative singular)
Reykjavíkiem (instrumental singular)
Reykjavíku (locative singular)
Reykjavíku (singular vocative)
Rejkiawik (alternative)
Reykjavik (alternative)


Reykjavík

sk-proper noun

Reykjavík m inan (genitive singular Reykjavíku, declension pattern of dub)

Reykjavíku (genitive singular)
dub (declension-pattern-of)


Skopje

Romanization of Macedonian Скопје (Skopje).


Skopje

Skopje (the capital city of North Macedonia)


Skopje

skopský (adjective relational)
Skopje (nominative singular)
Skopje (genitive singular)
Skopji (dative singular)
Skopji (accusative singular)
Skopje (singular vocative)
Skopji (locative singular)
Skopjí (instrumental singular)

Skopje (the capital and largest city of North Macedonia)


Skopje

Skopje (nominative singular)
Skopje (accusative nominative singular)
Skopjen (accusative genitive singular)
Skopjen (genitive singular)
Skopjea (partitive singular)
Skopjessa (inessive singular)
Skopjesta (elative singular)
Skopjeen (illative singular)
Skopjella (adessive singular)
Skopjelta (ablative singular)
Skopjelle (allative singular)
Skopjena (essive singular)
Skopjeksi (singular translative)
Skopjetta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Skopjeni (nominative singular)
Skopjeni (accusative nominative singular)
Skopjeni (accusative genitive singular)
Skopjeni (genitive singular)
Skopjeani (partitive singular)
Skopjessani (inessive singular)
Skopjestani (elative singular)
Skopjeeni (illative singular)
Skopjellani (adessive singular)
Skopjeltani (ablative singular)
Skopjelleni (allative singular)
Skopjenani (essive singular)
Skopjekseni (singular translative)
Skopjettani (abessive singular)
Skopjesi (nominative singular)
Skopjesi (accusative nominative singular)
Skopjesi (accusative genitive singular)
Skopjesi (genitive singular)
Skopjeasi (partitive singular)
Skopjessasi (inessive singular)
Skopjestasi (elative singular)
Skopjeesi (illative singular)
Skopjellasi (adessive singular)
Skopjeltasi (ablative singular)
Skopjellesi (allative singular)
Skopjenasi (essive singular)
Skopjeksesi (singular translative)
Skopjettasi (abessive singular)
Skopjemme (nominative singular)
Skopjemme (accusative nominative singular)
Skopjemme (accusative genitive singular)
Skopjemme (genitive singular)
Skopjeamme (partitive singular)
Skopjessamme (inessive singular)
Skopjestamme (elative singular)
Skopjeemme (illative singular)
Skopjellamme (adessive singular)
Skopjeltamme (ablative singular)
Skopjellemme (allative singular)
Skopjenamme (essive singular)
Skopjeksemme (singular translative)
Skopjettamme (abessive singular)
Skopjenne (nominative singular)
Skopjenne (accusative nominative singular)
Skopjenne (accusative genitive singular)
Skopjenne (genitive singular)
Skopjeanne (partitive singular)
Skopjessanne (inessive singular)
Skopjestanne (elative singular)
Skopjeenne (illative singular)
Skopjellanne (adessive singular)
Skopjeltanne (ablative singular)
Skopjellenne (allative singular)
Skopjenanne (essive singular)
Skopjeksenne (singular translative)
Skopjettanne (abessive singular)
Skopjensa (nominative singular)
Skopjensa (accusative nominative singular)
Skopjensa (accusative genitive singular)
Skopjensa (genitive singular)
Skopjeaan (partitive singular)
Skopjeansa (partitive singular)
Skopjessaan (inessive singular)
Skopjessansa (inessive singular)
Skopjestaan (elative singular)
Skopjestansa (elative singular)
Skopjeensa (illative singular)
Skopjellaan (adessive singular)
Skopjellansa (adessive singular)
Skopjeltaan (ablative singular)
Skopjeltansa (ablative singular)
Skopjelleen (allative singular)
Skopjellensa (allative singular)
Skopjenaan (essive singular)
Skopjenansa (essive singular)
Skopjekseen (singular translative)
Skopjeksensa (singular translative)
Skopjettaan (abessive singular)
Skopjettansa (abessive singular)


Skopje

de-proper noun

Skopje n (proper noun, genitive Skopjes or (optionally with an article) Skopje)

Skopjes (genitive)
Skopje (genitive with-article)


Skopje

Borrowed from Macedonian Скопје (Skopje).


Vaduz

Via Rhaeto-Romance auadutg from latin aquaeductus.

A town and municipality, the capital of Liechtenstein.


Vaduz

Vaduz (a town and municipality, the capital of Liechtenstein)


Vaduz

cs-proper noun

Vaduz m inan (relational adjective vaduzský)

vaduzský (adjective relational)
Vaduz (nominative singular)
Vaduzu (genitive singular)
Vaduzu (dative singular)
Vaduz (accusative singular)
Vaduze (singular vocative)
Vaduzu (locative singular)
Vaduzem (instrumental singular)


Vaduz

head

Vaduz (genitive Vaduzi, partitive Vaduzi)

Vaduzi (genitive)
Vaduzi (partitive)
Vaduz (nominative singular)
Vaduz (accusative nominative singular)
Vaduzi (accusative genitive singular)
Vaduzi (genitive singular)
Vaduzi (partitive singular)
Vaduzi (illative singular)
Vaduzisse (illative singular)
Vaduzis (inessive singular)
Vaduzist (elative singular)
Vaduzile (allative singular)
Vaduzil (adessive singular)
Vaduzilt (ablative singular)
Vaduziks (singular translative)
Vaduzini (singular terminative)
Vaduzina (essive singular)
Vaduzita (abessive singular)
Vaduziga (comitative singular)


Vaduz

de-proper noun

Vaduz n (proper noun, genitive Vaduz' or (with an article) Vaduz)

Vaduz' (genitive)
Vaduz (genitive)
Vaduz (definite nominative singular)
Vaduz' (definite genitive singular)
Vaduz (definite genitive singular)
Vaduz (dative definite singular)
Vaduz (accusative definite singular)

Attested as Faduzes, Faduzze, Vadutzze, Vaducz, Vadutz and Vaduz over the course of the 12th century.
Via Rhaeto-Romance auadutg from Latin aquaeductus.


Vaduz

Vaduz (nominative singular)
Vaduzt (accusative singular)
Vaduznak (dative singular)
Vaduzzal (instrumental singular)
Vaduzért (causal-final singular)
Vaduzzá (singular translative)
Vaduzig (singular terminative)
Vaduzként (essive-formal singular)
Vaduzban (inessive singular)
Vaduzon (singular superessive)
Vaduznál (adessive singular)
Vaduzba (illative singular)
Vaduzra (singular sublative)
Vaduzhoz (allative singular)
Vaduzból (elative singular)
Vaduzról (delative singular)
Vaduztól (ablative singular)
Vaduzé (singular)
Vaduzéi (singular)
Vaduzom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Vaduzod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Vaduza (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Vaduzunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Vaduzotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Vaduzuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)


Vaduz

sk-proper noun

Vaduz m inan (genitive singular Vaduza or Vaduzu, declension pattern of dub)

Vaduza (genitive singular)
Vaduzu (genitive singular)
dub (declension-pattern-of)


Valletta

Named after Jean de Valette, a French nobleman and 49th Grand Master of the Order of Malta


Valletta

cs-proper noun

Valletta f (relational adjective vallettský)

vallettský (adjective relational)
Valletta (nominative singular)
Valletty (genitive singular)
Vallettě (dative singular)
Vallettu (accusative singular)
Valletto (singular vocative)
Vallettě (locative singular)
Vallettou (instrumental singular)


Valletta

de-proper noun

Valletta n (proper noun, genitive Vallettas or (optionally with an article) Valletta)

Vallettas (genitive)
Valletta (genitive with-article)


Valletta

Valletta (nominative singular)
Valletty (genitive singular)
Valletcie (dative singular)
Vallettę (accusative singular)
Vallettą (instrumental singular)
Valletcie (locative singular)
Valletto (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Maltese Valletta.


Valletta

sk-proper noun

Valletta f (genitive singular Valletty, declension pattern of žena)

Valletty (genitive singular)
žena (declension-pattern-of)


Chisinau

Chișinău (the capital city and municipality of Moldova)


Mexiko

cs-proper noun

Mexiko n (relational adjective mexický, demonym Mexičan)

mexický (adjective relational)
Mexičan (demonym)
Mexiko (nominative singular)
Mexika (genitive singular)
Mexiku (dative singular)
Mexiko (accusative singular)
Mexiko (singular vocative)
Mexiku (locative singular)
Mexikem (instrumental singular)

Mexico City (the capital city of Mexico)


Mexiko

sk-proper noun

Mexiko n (genitive singular Mexika, declension pattern of mesto)

Mexika (genitive singular)
mesto (declension-pattern-of)
Mexiko (nominative singular-only)
Mexika (genitive singular-only)
Mexiku (dative singular-only)
Mexiko (accusative singular-only)
Mexiku (locative singular-only)
Mexikom (instrumental singular-only)

Derived from Spanish México, from Nahuatl mexihco.


Phnom Penh

From Khmer ភ្នំពេញ (phnum pɨñ, literally “Penh’s hill”).


Phnom Penh

Phnom Penh (the capital city of Cambodia)


Phnom Penh

pl-prop

Phnom Penh n (indeclinable, related adjective phnompeński)


Phnom Penh

Pnom Pen (alternative)
Pnom-Pen (alternative)


Carthago

la-proper noun

Carthāgō f sg (genitive Carthāginis); third declension

Carthāgō (canonical feminine singular)
Carthāginis (genitive)
Carthāgō (nominative singular)
Carthāginis (genitive singular)
Carthāginī (dative singular)
Carthāginem (accusative singular)
Carthāgine (ablative singular)
Carthāgō (singular vocative)
Carthāgine (locative singular)
Carthāginī (locative singular)
Kartāgō (alternative)
Karthāgō (alternative)

→ Dutch: Carthago

→ English: Carthage

→ French: Carthage

→ German: Karthago

→ Italian: Cartagine

→ Portuguese: Cartago

→ Romanian: Cartagina

→ Spanish: Cartago

[kärˈt̪ʰäːɡoː]

[kärˈt̪äːɡo]

From Phoenician 𐤒𐤓𐤕-𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (qrt-ḥdšt), possibly via Etruscan *𐌂𐌀𐌓𐌈𐌀𐌆𐌀 (*carθaza), from 𐤒𐤓𐤕 (qrt, “city”) + 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (ḥdšt, “new”) as opposed to the colonists' mother city of Tyre. Compare Hebrew קֶרֶת (qeret, “city”), קִרְיָה (kiryah), חָדָשׁ (ḥāḏāš, “new”), Aramaic קַרְתָּא (qartā, “city”), חֲדַתָּא (ḥəḏattā, “new”), Arabic قَرْيَة (qarya, “village”), and Arabic حَدِيث (ḥadīṯ, “new”). Doublet of Carthago Nova, Carchēdōn, and Carthada.

doublet

(historical) Carthage (an ancient city-state and former empire centered on modern Tunisia)


Londinium

la-proper noun

Londinium n sg (genitive Londiniī or Londinī); second declension

Londiniī (genitive)
Londinī (genitive)
Londinium (nominative singular)
Londiniī (genitive singular)
Londinī (genitive singular)
Londiniō (dative singular)
Londinium (accusative singular)
Londiniō (ablative singular)
Londinium (singular vocative)
Londiniī (locative singular)
Lundinium (alternative)
Londonium (alternative)
Lundonium (alternative)
Londonum (alternative)
Londinum (alternative)
Lundonia (alternative)
Londonia (alternative)
Lundoniae (alternative)

→ Ancient Greek: Λονδίνιον (Londínion)

desctree

→ Old English: Lunden, *ᛚᚢᚾᛞᛖᚾ (*lunden)
Middle English: Lunden, London
English: London
Norwegian Bokmål: London
→ Latin: Lundonia
→? Old French: Londres, Londrez
Middle French: Londres
French: Londres (see there for further descendants)
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Londres
Galician: Londres
Portuguese: Londres

→ English: Londinium

→ German: London

Sicilian: Lògnina, Lònnira

[ɫ̪ɔn̪ˈd̪ɪniʊ̃ˑ]

Uncertain, but likely from Proto-Celtic *Londinyom (“place that floods”), from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“heath; wild land”) + *-injo-, a suffix forming specific nouns and found in other Romano-Celtic placenames. Cognate to Proto-Celtic *landā (“low-lying land”), whence Old Irish land, Welsh llan, as well as *londos (“subduing > fierce”, adj.), whence Old Irish lond.
Details
An earlier, more difficult proposal derives it from *Φlowonidonyom, morphologically adapted from a pre-Celtic Indo-European substrate word meaning something like “Boat River, Unfordable River” or “Flooding-River” and made up of Proto-Indo-European *plew- (“to flow”) and a disputed *neyd- (“to flow”).
Forms in -don- could be artificial Latinizations modelled after e.g. Old English Wreocen < Latin Viroconium (modern Wroxeter). Appears as Middle Welsh Llundein, Old English Lunden, which may not continue the Classical Latin form, but may continue Late British Latin *Lundeinju if the medial -i- of the original word was short. Cf. Etymology of London.

der

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


Athenae

la-proper noun

Athēnae f pl (genitive Athēnārum); first declension

Athēnae (canonical feminine plural)
Athēnārum (genitive)
Athēnae (nominative plural)
Athēnārum (genitive plural)
Athēnīs (dative plural)
Athēnās (accusative plural)
Athēnīs (ablative plural)
Athēnae (plural vocative)
Athēnīs (locative plural)

Japanese: アテネ (Atene)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai, “Athens”).

der

[äˈt̪ʰeːnäe̯]


ירושלים

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


ירושלים

/jərʊʃɔˈɫajəm/

/jərɪʃʊˈɫajəm/

From Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם.

bor

יְרוּשָׁלַיִם

Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם


Bucharest

Borrowed from Russian Бухаре́ст (Buxarést), from Romanian București, from Bucur (personal name) + -ești (patronymic, personal name suffix).


مصر

ar-proper noun

مِصْر • (miṣr) f

مِصْر (canonical)
miṣr (romanization)
مِصْر (definite diptote informal singular)
مِصْرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
مِصْرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
مِصْرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

desctree

Egyptian Arabic: مصر (maṣr)
→ Nobiin: Másser

Gulf Arabic: مصر (maṣir)

Hijazi Arabic: مَصُر (maṣur)

Maltese: Masar

Moroccan Arabic: مصر (miṣr)

North Levantine Arabic: مَصْر (maṣ(ə)r)

→ Abkhaz: Мысра (Məsra), Мсыр (Msər)

→ Adyghe: Мысыр (Məsər)

→ Akan: Misrim

→ Amharic: ምሥር (məśr)

→ Azerbaijani: Misir

→ Bashkir: Мысыр (Mısır)

→ Beja: مَسِر (Másir)

→ Chagatai: مصر

Uyghur: مىسىر (misir)

Uzbek: Misr

→ Chechen: Мисар (Misar)

→ Crimean Tatar: Mısır

→ Dhivehi: މިޞްރު (mişru)

→ Hausa: Masar, Misira

→ Kabyle: Maṣer

→ Kalenjin: Misri

→ Kamba: Misri

→ Kikuyu: Misri

→ Krymchak: Мысыр

→ Kumyk: Мисри (Misri)

→ Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: میسر (mîsr)

Northern Kurdish: Misir

→ Kyrgyz: Мысыр (Mısır)

→ Lezgi: Мисри (Misri)

→ Luhya: Misri

→ Luo: Misri

→ Classical Malay: مصر (Mesir)

Malay: Mesir

Indonesian: Mesir

→ Maranao: Misir

→ Meru: Misri

→ Mongolian:

Cyrillic script: Мисир (Misir)

Mongolian script: ᠮᠢᠰᠢᠷ (misir)

→ Ossetian: Мысыр (Mysyr)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مصر (Mısır) (see there for further descendants)

→ Pashto: مصر (mesr)

→ Classical Persian: مِصْر (misr) (see there for further descendants)

→ Swahili: Umisri, Misri

From a common Semitic source; compare Hebrew מִצְרַיִם (miṣráyim), Ugaritic 𐎎𐎕𐎗𐎎 (mṣrm), and Akkadian 𒈪𒄑𒊑𒄿 (miṣru) or 𒈬𒀫 (muṣru). The ending in Hebrew and Ugaritic is the standard dual form, perhaps related to the ancient conceptualization of Egypt as two realms: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Conflated with the root م ص ر (m ṣ r) in some senses (see below).
The sense of Cairo stems from the earlier settlement مِصْرُ الفُسْطَاط (miṣru l-fusṭāṭ, “the Civil Center of Assembly”, literally “of the large camel-hair tents, assembly halls”) that was incorporated into Cairo.

ar-root

م ص ر (m ṣ r)

(dialectal, Egypt) Cairo (the capital and largest city of Egypt)


مصر

→ Nobiin: Másser

From Arabic مِصْر (miṣr). The sense of Cairo comes from the earlier settlement مِصْر الْفُسْطَاطِ (miṣr al-fusṭāṭi, “the Civil Center of Assembly”) that was incorporated into Cairo.

(informal) Cairo (the capital city of Egypt)


مصر

head

مِصْر • (mesr)

fa-proper noun

مِصْر • (mesr)

Dari: مِصْر (misr)

Iranian Persian: مِصْر (mesr)

Tajik: Миср (Misr)

→ Assamese: মিছৰ (misor), মিচৰ (misor)

→ Bengali: মিশর (miśor), মিসর (miśor)

→ Gujarati: મિસર (misar)

→ Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: मिस्र (misra), मिस्त्र (mistra), मिसर (misar)

Urdu: مِصْر (misr)

→ Kashmiri: مِصر

→ Kazakh: Мысыр (Mysyr)

→ Marathi: मिसर (misar)

→ Nepali: मिस्र (misra)

→ Odia: ମିଶର (miśara), ମିଶର୍ (miśar), ମିଶ୍ର (miśra)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਿਸਰ (misar)

Shahmukhi script: مِصَر (miṣar)

(archaic) Cairo (the capital and largest city of Egypt)


الكويت

الْكُوَيْت (canonical)
al-kuwayt (romanization)
الْكُوَيْت (definite informal singular triptote)
الْكُوَيْتُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْكُوَيْتَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْكُوَيْتِ (definite genitive singular triptote)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܟܘܵܝܬ (kwāyt)

English: Kuwait, Kuwait City

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Kuwait

Ottoman Turkish: کویت (Kuveyt)

Turkish: Kuveyt

Popularly said to be derived from الْكُوت (al-kūt), found in several placenames around the Gulf. Ultimately of obscure meaning and origin. Compare Hindi कोट (koṭ, “fort”). It is one of the Arabic country names which require the definite article ال (al-).

Kuwait City (the capital city of Kuwait).


الكويت

الكُويت (canonical)
al-kuwēt (romanization)

Kuwait City (the capital city of Kuwait)


الجزائر

ar-proper noun

الْجَزَائِر • (al-jazāʔir) f pl

الْجَزَائِر (canonical)
al-jazāʔir (romanization)
الْجَزَائِر (definite diptote informal singular)
الْجَزَائِرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
الْجَزَائِرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
الْجَزَائِرِ (definite diptote genitive singular)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܓܲܙܵܐܝܼܪ (gazzāˀīr)

→ Azerbaijani: Əlcəzair

→ English: Algeria, Algiers

→ Spanish: Argelia

→ Malay: Aljazair

→ Indonesian: Aljazair

→ Turkish: Cezayir

→ Urdu: الجزائر (aljaza'ir)

Muhammad al-Idrisi
Yaqut al-Hamawi
ar:الجزائر

The broken plural of جَزِيرَة (jazīra, “island”) has come to be the proper name for Algeria, its capital, and the islands in its bay, as there were once several small islands in the Bay of Algiers. Most of these islands are now connected to the shore or have been removed. الْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir) is itself a truncated form of the city's older name of جَزَائِر بَنِي مَزْغَنَّى (jazāʔir banī mazḡannā, “the islands of (the tribe) Ait Mazghanna”), which was used by early medieval geographers such as Muhammad al-Idrisi and Yaqut al-Hamawi.

Algiers (the capital and largest city of Algeria)


الرياض

ar-proper noun

الرِّيَاض • (ar-riyāḍ) f

الرِّيَاض (canonical)
ar-riyāḍ (romanization)
الرِّيَاض (definite diptote informal singular)
الرِّيَاضُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
الرِّيَاضَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
الرِّيَاضِ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Definite form of رِيَاض (riyāḍ), plural of رَوْض (rawḍ, “meadow”).

Riyadh (the capital city of Saudi Arabia)


الرياض

acw-proper noun

الرِّيَاض • (ar-riyāḍ) f

الرِّيَاض (canonical)
ar-riyāḍ (romanization)


القاهرة

ar-proper noun

الْقَاهِرَة • (al-qāhira) f

الْقَاهِرَة (canonical)
al-qāhira (romanization)
الْقَاهِرَة (ar-infl-a definite informal singular triptote)
الْقَاهِرَةُ (ar-infl-a definite nominative singular triptote)
الْقَاهِرَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a definite singular triptote)
الْقَاهِرَةِ (ar-infl-a definite genitive singular triptote)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܩܵܗܝܼܪܵܐ (qāhīrā)

→ Azerbaijani: Qahirə

→ Bashkir: Ҡаһирә (Qahirə)

→ Chagatai: قاهره

Uyghur: قاھىرە (qahire)

Uzbek: Qohira

→ Hebrew: קָהִיר (kahír)

→ Malay: Kaherah

→ Ottoman Turkish: قاهره

Turkish: Kahire

→ Pashto: قاهره

→ Persian: قاهره (qâhere)

→ Punjabi: قاہِرَہ (qāhirah)

→ Sindhi: قاهره

→ Tatar: Каһирә (Qahirä)

→ Urdu: قاہِرَہ (qāhira)

Literally, “the Victorious”, named after an epithet of the planet Mars, النَّجْم القَاهِر (an-najm al-qāhir, “the victorious star”), in reference to Mars' passage above the site of the city at the time of the foundation of its walls in 969 CE; from قَهَرَ (qahara, “to defeat”).


القاهرة

acw-proper noun

القاهرة • (algāhra) f


القاهرة

Learned borrowing from Arabic الْقَاهِرَة (al-qāhira).


Bloemfontein

From Dutch Bloemfontein; equivalent to blom + fontein.

Bloemfontein (the judicial capital of South Africa)


Bloemfontein

Unadapted borrowing from Afrikaans Bloemfontein.

ubor

Bloemfontein (a city, the judicial capital of South Africa)


Bratislava

/ˌbɹætɪˈslɑːvə/

/ˌbɹɑːtɪˈslɑːvə/

布拉迪斯拉發 /布拉迪斯拉发

Bùlādísīlāfā


Bratislava

Bratislava (the capital city of Slovakia)


Bratislava

cs-proper noun

Bratislava f (relational adjective bratislavský, demonym Bratislavan, female demonym Bratislavanka)

bratislavský (adjective relational)
Bratislavan (demonym)
Bratislavanka (demonym feminine)
Bratislava (nominative singular)
Bratislavy (genitive singular)
Bratislavě (dative singular)
Bratislavu (accusative singular)
Bratislavo (singular vocative)
Bratislavě (locative singular)
Bratislavou (instrumental singular)


Bratislava

de-proper noun

Bratislava n (proper noun, genitive Bratislavas or (optionally with an article) Bratislava)

Bratislavas (genitive)
Bratislava (genitive with-article)
Bratislava (definite nominative singular)
Bratislavas (definite genitive singular)
Bratislava (definite genitive singular with-article)
Bratislava (dative definite singular)
Bratislava (accusative definite singular)


Bratislava

is-proper noun

Bratislava n (proper noun, genitive singular Bratislava)

Bratislava (genitive singular)
Bratislava (indefinite nominative singular)
Bratislava (accusative indefinite singular)
Bratislava (dative indefinite singular)
Bratislava (genitive indefinite singular)