Alger

Alger (nominative singular)
Alger (accusative nominative singular)
Algerin (accusative genitive singular)
Algerin (genitive singular)
Algeria (partitive singular)
Algerissa (inessive singular)
Algerista (elative singular)
Algeriin (illative singular)
Algerilla (adessive singular)
Algerilta (ablative singular)
Algerille (allative singular)
Algerina (essive singular)
Algeriksi (singular translative)
Algeritta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Algerini (nominative singular)
Algerini (accusative nominative singular)
Algerini (accusative genitive singular)
Algerini (genitive singular)
Algeriani (partitive singular)
Algerissani (inessive singular)
Algeristani (elative singular)
Algeriini (illative singular)
Algerillani (adessive singular)
Algeriltani (ablative singular)
Algerilleni (allative singular)
Algerinani (essive singular)
Algerikseni (singular translative)
Algerittani (abessive singular)
Algerisi (nominative singular)
Algerisi (accusative nominative singular)
Algerisi (accusative genitive singular)
Algerisi (genitive singular)
Algeriasi (partitive singular)
Algerissasi (inessive singular)
Algeristasi (elative singular)
Algeriisi (illative singular)
Algerillasi (adessive singular)
Algeriltasi (ablative singular)
Algerillesi (allative singular)
Algerinasi (essive singular)
Algeriksesi (singular translative)
Algerittasi (abessive singular)
Algerimme (nominative singular)
Algerimme (accusative nominative singular)
Algerimme (accusative genitive singular)
Algerimme (genitive singular)
Algeriamme (partitive singular)
Algerissamme (inessive singular)
Algeristamme (elative singular)
Algeriimme (illative singular)
Algerillamme (adessive singular)
Algeriltamme (ablative singular)
Algerillemme (allative singular)
Algerinamme (essive singular)
Algeriksemme (singular translative)
Algerittamme (abessive singular)
Algerinne (nominative singular)
Algerinne (accusative nominative singular)
Algerinne (accusative genitive singular)
Algerinne (genitive singular)
Algerianne (partitive singular)
Algerissanne (inessive singular)
Algeristanne (elative singular)
Algeriinne (illative singular)
Algerillanne (adessive singular)
Algeriltanne (ablative singular)
Algerillenne (allative singular)
Algerinanne (essive singular)
Algeriksenne (singular translative)
Algerittanne (abessive singular)
Algerinsa (nominative singular)
Algerinsa (accusative nominative singular)
Algerinsa (accusative genitive singular)
Algerinsa (genitive singular)
Algeriaan (partitive singular)
Algeriansa (partitive singular)
Algerissaan (inessive singular)
Algerissansa (inessive singular)
Algeristaan (elative singular)
Algeristansa (elative singular)
Algeriinsa (illative singular)
Algerillaan (adessive singular)
Algerillansa (adessive singular)
Algeriltaan (ablative singular)
Algeriltansa (ablative singular)
Algerilleen (allative singular)
Algerillensa (allative singular)
Algerinaan (essive singular)
Algerinansa (essive singular)
Algerikseen (singular translative)
Algeriksensa (singular translative)
Algerittaan (abessive singular)
Algerittansa (abessive singular)


Alger

Borrowed from Algerian Arabic الدزَاير (al-dzayir), from Arabic اَلْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir, “the islands”) (with elision of the first vowel), plural of جَزِيرَة (jazīra, “island”), referring to the several small islands that once existed in the Bay of Algiers.

der

اَلْجَزَائِر


Nouakchott

/nuːɑːkˈʃɒt/

From French Nouakchott, from Arabic نُوَاكْشُوط (nuwākšūṭ).

Arabic نُوَاكْشُوط (nuwākšūṭ)

De facto slavery remains widespread in Mauritania, according to a European human rights official who works for a major international organization in the capital, Nouakchott.

2015 August 14, Nils Zimmermann, “Mauritanian flees slavery in Africa for life in Germany”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2015-08-15, Refugees:


Nouakchott

Nouakchott (the capital city of Mauritania)


Niamey

cs-proper noun

Niamey n (indeclinable, relational adjective niameyský)


Kigali

Kigali n (indeclinable, relational adjective kigalský)


Kigali

pl-prop

Kigali n (indeclinable, related adjective kigalijski)


Kigali

Kigalí (canonical class-9)
Kigáli (canonical class-9)


Maseru

cs-proper noun

Maseru n (indeclinable, relational adjective maserský)


Maseru

pl-prop

Maseru n (indeclinable, related adjective maseruański)


Mbabane

cs-proper noun

Mbabane n (indeclinable, relational adjective mbabanský)


Harare

From Shona Harare, supposedly from haarari (“it doesn't sleep”), in reference to a waterfall.

Outside, the city meandered on more fluidly, like a river of precious things and possibilities. For Harare was wealthy in those days.

2006, Tsitsi Dangarembga, The Book of Not, Faber & Faber Limited (2021), pages 252–253:

The capital city of Zimbabwe, previously named Salisbury.


Harare

Harare n (indeclinable, relational adjective hararský)


Monrovia

From Monroe + -v- + -ia, in the case of the capital of Liberia after U.S. President James Monroe.


Monrovia

Monrovia f (relational adjective monrovijský)

monrovijský (adjective relational)
Monrovia (nominative singular)
Monrovie (genitive singular)
Monrovii (dative singular)
Monrovii (accusative singular)
Monrovie (singular vocative)
Monrovii (locative singular)
Monrovií (instrumental singular)


Monrovia

pl-prop

Monrovia f (related adjective monrowijski)

monrowijski (adjective)
Monrovia (nominative singular)
Monrovii (genitive singular)
Monrovii (dative singular)
Monrovię (accusative singular)
Monrovią (instrumental singular)
Monrovii (locative singular)
Monrovio (singular vocative)
Monrowia (alternative)


São Tomé

From Portuguese São Tomé, named after Saint Thomas, for its discovery on St. Thomas Day (21 December) in 1470 or 1471.

São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe#English

The capital city of São Tomé and Príncipe.


São Tomé

São Tomé (the capital city of São Tomé and Príncipe)


São Tomé

→ English: São Tomé

→ Japanese: サントメ (San Tome)

→ Vietnamese: Xao Tô-mê

[ˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃ toˈmɛ]


Vilna

Dated form of Vilnius., the capital city of Lithuania.


Vilna

Vilna (nominative singular)
Vilna (accusative nominative singular)
Vilnan (accusative genitive singular)
Vilnan (genitive singular)
Vilnaa (partitive singular)
Vilnassa (inessive singular)
Vilnasta (elative singular)
Vilnaan (illative singular)
Vilnalla (adessive singular)
Vilnalta (ablative singular)
Vilnalle (allative singular)
Vilnana (essive singular)
Vilnaksi (singular translative)
Vilnatta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Vilnani (nominative singular)
Vilnani (accusative nominative singular)
Vilnani (accusative genitive singular)
Vilnani (genitive singular)
Vilnaani (partitive singular)
Vilnassani (inessive singular)
Vilnastani (elative singular)
Vilnaani (illative singular)
Vilnallani (adessive singular)
Vilnaltani (ablative singular)
Vilnalleni (allative singular)
Vilnanani (essive singular)
Vilnakseni (singular translative)
Vilnattani (abessive singular)
Vilnasi (nominative singular)
Vilnasi (accusative nominative singular)
Vilnasi (accusative genitive singular)
Vilnasi (genitive singular)
Vilnaasi (partitive singular)
Vilnassasi (inessive singular)
Vilnastasi (elative singular)
Vilnaasi (illative singular)
Vilnallasi (adessive singular)
Vilnaltasi (ablative singular)
Vilnallesi (allative singular)
Vilnanasi (essive singular)
Vilnaksesi (singular translative)
Vilnattasi (abessive singular)
Vilnamme (nominative singular)
Vilnamme (accusative nominative singular)
Vilnamme (accusative genitive singular)
Vilnamme (genitive singular)
Vilnaamme (partitive singular)
Vilnassamme (inessive singular)
Vilnastamme (elative singular)
Vilnaamme (illative singular)
Vilnallamme (adessive singular)
Vilnaltamme (ablative singular)
Vilnallemme (allative singular)
Vilnanamme (essive singular)
Vilnaksemme (singular translative)
Vilnattamme (abessive singular)
Vilnanne (nominative singular)
Vilnanne (accusative nominative singular)
Vilnanne (accusative genitive singular)
Vilnanne (genitive singular)
Vilnaanne (partitive singular)
Vilnassanne (inessive singular)
Vilnastanne (elative singular)
Vilnaanne (illative singular)
Vilnallanne (adessive singular)
Vilnaltanne (ablative singular)
Vilnallenne (allative singular)
Vilnananne (essive singular)
Vilnaksenne (singular translative)
Vilnattanne (abessive singular)
Vilnansa (nominative singular)
Vilnansa (accusative nominative singular)
Vilnansa (accusative genitive singular)
Vilnansa (genitive singular)
Vilnaansa (partitive singular)
Vilnassaan (inessive singular)
Vilnassansa (inessive singular)
Vilnastaan (elative singular)
Vilnastansa (elative singular)
Vilnaansa (illative singular)
Vilnallaan (adessive singular)
Vilnallansa (adessive singular)
Vilnaltaan (ablative singular)
Vilnaltansa (ablative singular)
Vilnalleen (allative singular)
Vilnallensa (allative singular)
Vilnanaan (essive singular)
Vilnanansa (essive singular)
Vilnakseen (singular translative)
Vilnaksensa (singular translative)
Vilnattaan (abessive singular)
Vilnattansa (abessive singular)


لندن

ar-proper noun

لُنْدُن or لَنْدَن • (lundun or landan) f

لُنْدُن (canonical)
لَنْدَن (canonical)
lundun (romanization)
landan (romanization)
لُنْدُن (definite diptote informal singular)
لَنْدَن (definite diptote informal singular)
لُنْدُنُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
لَنْدَنُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
لُنْدُنَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
لَنْدَنَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
لُنْدُنَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
لَنْدَنَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


لندن

ur-proper noun

لَنْدَن • (landan) m (Hindi spelling लंदन)

لَنْدَن (canonical)
landan (romanization)
लंदन (Hindi)
لنڈن (alternative)

Borrowed from English London, possibly through Persian لندن (landan).


Sanaa

bor

Arabic صَنْعَاء (ṣanʕāʔ)

San'a' (alternative)
Ṣanʻāʼ (alternative)
Sana (alternative)
Sana'a (alternative)


Sanaa

Sanaa (the capital and largest city of Yemen)


آمستردام

head

آمستردام • (âmsterdâm)

fa-proper noun

آمستردام • (âmsterdâm)

[ʔɒːms.t̪ʰeɹ.d̪ɒ́ːm]

Amsterdam (the capital city of the Netherlands)


لیسبون

Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula#English

Lisbon (a port city on the Iberian Peninsula, at the mouth of the Tagus River on the Atlantic Ocean; capital city of Portugal)


Nuku'alofa

From Tongan Nukuʻalofa, from nuku (“abode”) + alofa (“love”). Literally, “abode of love”.

The capital city of Tonga, Oceania, on Tongatapu, Tonga archipelago, Polynesia, Pacific Ocean.

努庫阿洛法 /努库阿洛法

nou⁵ fu³ aa³ lok⁶ faat³, nou⁵ fu³ aa³ lok³ faat³


Nuku'alofa

From Tongan Nukuʻalofa (literally “abode of love”).


پاریس

head

پاریس • (pāris) m

ps-proper noun

پاریس • (pāris) m

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


پاریس

head

پاریس • (pâris)

fa-proper noun

پاریس • (pâris)


صوفیا

head

صوفیا • (sofiyâ)


مسکو

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


San Juan

San Juán (canonical)
ᜐᜈ᜔ ᜑᜓᜏᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

San Juan (the capital city of Puerto Rico)


کیف

کِیِف (canonical)
kiyef (romanization)
کییف (alternative)
کییف (alternative)


کیف

کِیف (canonical)
kīf (romanization)
कीव (Hindi)

Borrowed from Russian Ки́ев (Kíjev), perhaps through English Kiev, or another language.

2017 December 6, “کیف کے حالات دوسری جنگِ عظیم جیسے ہوگئے ہیں، یوکرینی وزیر خارجہ [Kyiv's situation has become similar to the situation of World War 2, minister of external affairs]”, in Jang:


تونس

ar-proper noun

تُونُس or تُونِس • (tūnus or tūnis) f

تُونُس (canonical)
تُونِس (canonical)
tūnus (romanization)
tūnis (romanization)
تُونُس (definite diptote informal singular)
تُونِس (definite diptote informal singular)
تُونُسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
تُونِسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
تُونُسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
تُونِسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
تُونُسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
تُونِسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Tunis (The capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


تونس

Turkish: Tunus

Ultimately from Arabic تُونُس (tūnus) of uncertain origin.


بغداد

بَغْدَاد • (baḡdād) f

بَغْدَاد (canonical)
baḡdād (romanization)
بَغْدَاد (definite diptote informal singular)
بَغْدَادُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَغْدَادَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَغْدَادَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

Borrowed from Classical Persian بَغْدَاد (bağdād).

bor+

ar:بغداد
ar:محافظة بغداد

Alternative forms: (obsolete) بَغْذَاذ (baḡḏāḏ), (obsolete) بَغْدَان (baḡdān), (obsolete) بَغْدِين (baḡdīn), (obsolete) مَغْدَان (maḡdān)


بغداد

head

بغداد • (Bağdad)

ota-proper noun

بغداد • (Bağdad)

Turkish: Bağdat

From Classical Persian بغداد (Bağdād), q.v.


بغداد

head

بغداد • (bağdâd)

fa-proper noun

بغداد • (bağdâd)

[bäɣ.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[bäɣ.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[bäɣ.d̪ɑ́ːd̪]

[bäɣ.d̪ɔ́ːd̪̥]

[bæɢ.d̪ɒ́ːd̪̥]

[bäʁ.d̪ɔ́d̪]

Most scholars accept a derivation from Middle Persian 𐭡𐭢𐭣𐭲 (bgdt /bag-dād/, “given by god”), from Old Persian *Bagadātah; compare
Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬕𐬋-𐬛𐬁𐬙𐬀 (baġō-dāta), Proto-Slavic *Bogъdanъ and Polish Bogdan. Other origins have been suggested, and if the place name can be identified with Akkadian 𒄷𒁕𒁺 (ḫu-da-du; bag-da-du /Ḫudadu; Bagdadu/, literally “location characterized with pits, cavities, crevices, deep trenches, or irrigation canals”), it may be of much older provenance than Old Persian.

cog

بغداد بزرگترین شهر عراق و پایتخت این کشور است.

Baghdad is Iraq's largest city and the capital of the country.

bağdâd bozorg-tarin šahr-e 'erâq va pâytaxt-e in kešvar ast.


آنکارا

head

آنکارا • (ânkârâ)

[ʔɒːŋ.kʰɒː.ɹɒ́ː]

Borrowed from Turkish Ankara. Displaced Classical Persian اَنْگُورِیَّه (angūriyya), اَنْگُورَه (angūra), and اَنْقَرَه (anqara) in Iranian Persian.

ncog

اَنْگُورِیَّه

displaced

اَنْگُورِیَّه


Сур

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish صور (Turkish Sur), from Arabic صُور (ṣūr), from Phoenician 𐤑𐤅𐤓 (ṣwr, “rock”).

Tyre (an ancient city-state in Phoenicia)


קהיר

Cairo (a governorate of Egypt, containing the capital city)


Riad

Borrowed from Arabic الرِّيَاض (ar-riyāḍ, literally “the meadows”).

bor+

Riyadh (the capital city of Saudi Arabia)


Riad

Riad (nominative singular)
Riad (accusative nominative singular)
Riadin (accusative genitive singular)
Riadin (genitive singular)
Riadia (partitive singular)
Riadissa (inessive singular)
Riadista (elative singular)
Riadiin (illative singular)
Riadilla (adessive singular)
Riadilta (ablative singular)
Riadille (allative singular)
Riadina (essive singular)
Riadiksi (singular translative)
Riaditta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Riadini (nominative singular)
Riadini (accusative nominative singular)
Riadini (accusative genitive singular)
Riadini (genitive singular)
Riadiani (partitive singular)
Riadissani (inessive singular)
Riadistani (elative singular)
Riadiini (illative singular)
Riadillani (adessive singular)
Riadiltani (ablative singular)
Riadilleni (allative singular)
Riadinani (essive singular)
Riadikseni (singular translative)
Riadittani (abessive singular)
Riadisi (nominative singular)
Riadisi (accusative nominative singular)
Riadisi (accusative genitive singular)
Riadisi (genitive singular)
Riadiasi (partitive singular)
Riadissasi (inessive singular)
Riadistasi (elative singular)
Riadiisi (illative singular)
Riadillasi (adessive singular)
Riadiltasi (ablative singular)
Riadillesi (allative singular)
Riadinasi (essive singular)
Riadiksesi (singular translative)
Riadittasi (abessive singular)
Riadimme (nominative singular)
Riadimme (accusative nominative singular)
Riadimme (accusative genitive singular)
Riadimme (genitive singular)
Riadiamme (partitive singular)
Riadissamme (inessive singular)
Riadistamme (elative singular)
Riadiimme (illative singular)
Riadillamme (adessive singular)
Riadiltamme (ablative singular)
Riadillemme (allative singular)
Riadinamme (essive singular)
Riadiksemme (singular translative)
Riadittamme (abessive singular)
Riadinne (nominative singular)
Riadinne (accusative nominative singular)
Riadinne (accusative genitive singular)
Riadinne (genitive singular)
Riadianne (partitive singular)
Riadissanne (inessive singular)
Riadistanne (elative singular)
Riadiinne (illative singular)
Riadillanne (adessive singular)
Riadiltanne (ablative singular)
Riadillenne (allative singular)
Riadinanne (essive singular)
Riadiksenne (singular translative)
Riadittanne (abessive singular)
Riadinsa (nominative singular)
Riadinsa (accusative nominative singular)
Riadinsa (accusative genitive singular)
Riadinsa (genitive singular)
Riadiaan (partitive singular)
Riadiansa (partitive singular)
Riadissaan (inessive singular)
Riadissansa (inessive singular)
Riadistaan (elative singular)
Riadistansa (elative singular)
Riadiinsa (illative singular)
Riadillaan (adessive singular)
Riadillansa (adessive singular)
Riadiltaan (ablative singular)
Riadiltansa (ablative singular)
Riadilleen (allative singular)
Riadillensa (allative singular)
Riadinaan (essive singular)
Riadinansa (essive singular)
Riadikseen (singular translative)
Riadiksensa (singular translative)
Riadittaan (abessive singular)
Riadittansa (abessive singular)


Riad

de-proper noun

Riad n (proper noun, genitive Riads or (optionally with an article) Riad)

Riads (genitive)
Riad (genitive with-article)


Pjongjang

Pjongjang (nominative singular)
Pjongjang (accusative nominative singular)
Pjongjangin (accusative genitive singular)
Pjongjangin (genitive singular)
Pjongjangia (partitive singular)
Pjongjangissa (inessive singular)
Pjongjangista (elative singular)
Pjongjangiin (illative singular)
Pjongjangilla (adessive singular)
Pjongjangilta (ablative singular)
Pjongjangille (allative singular)
Pjongjangina (essive singular)
Pjongjangiksi (singular translative)
Pjongjangitta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Pjongjangini (nominative singular)
Pjongjangini (accusative nominative singular)
Pjongjangini (accusative genitive singular)
Pjongjangini (genitive singular)
Pjongjangiani (partitive singular)
Pjongjangissani (inessive singular)
Pjongjangistani (elative singular)
Pjongjangiini (illative singular)
Pjongjangillani (adessive singular)
Pjongjangiltani (ablative singular)
Pjongjangilleni (allative singular)
Pjongjanginani (essive singular)
Pjongjangikseni (singular translative)
Pjongjangittani (abessive singular)
Pjongjangisi (nominative singular)
Pjongjangisi (accusative nominative singular)
Pjongjangisi (accusative genitive singular)
Pjongjangisi (genitive singular)
Pjongjangiasi (partitive singular)
Pjongjangissasi (inessive singular)
Pjongjangistasi (elative singular)
Pjongjangiisi (illative singular)
Pjongjangillasi (adessive singular)
Pjongjangiltasi (ablative singular)
Pjongjangillesi (allative singular)
Pjongjanginasi (essive singular)
Pjongjangiksesi (singular translative)
Pjongjangittasi (abessive singular)
Pjongjangimme (nominative singular)
Pjongjangimme (accusative nominative singular)
Pjongjangimme (accusative genitive singular)
Pjongjangimme (genitive singular)
Pjongjangiamme (partitive singular)
Pjongjangissamme (inessive singular)
Pjongjangistamme (elative singular)
Pjongjangiimme (illative singular)
Pjongjangillamme (adessive singular)
Pjongjangiltamme (ablative singular)
Pjongjangillemme (allative singular)
Pjongjanginamme (essive singular)
Pjongjangiksemme (singular translative)
Pjongjangittamme (abessive singular)
Pjongjanginne (nominative singular)
Pjongjanginne (accusative nominative singular)
Pjongjanginne (accusative genitive singular)
Pjongjanginne (genitive singular)
Pjongjangianne (partitive singular)
Pjongjangissanne (inessive singular)
Pjongjangistanne (elative singular)
Pjongjangiinne (illative singular)
Pjongjangillanne (adessive singular)
Pjongjangiltanne (ablative singular)
Pjongjangillenne (allative singular)
Pjongjanginanne (essive singular)
Pjongjangiksenne (singular translative)
Pjongjangittanne (abessive singular)
Pjongjanginsa (nominative singular)
Pjongjanginsa (accusative nominative singular)
Pjongjanginsa (accusative genitive singular)
Pjongjanginsa (genitive singular)
Pjongjangiaan (partitive singular)
Pjongjangiansa (partitive singular)
Pjongjangissaan (inessive singular)
Pjongjangissansa (inessive singular)
Pjongjangistaan (elative singular)
Pjongjangistansa (elative singular)
Pjongjangiinsa (illative singular)
Pjongjangillaan (adessive singular)
Pjongjangillansa (adessive singular)
Pjongjangiltaan (ablative singular)
Pjongjangiltansa (ablative singular)
Pjongjangilleen (allative singular)
Pjongjangillensa (allative singular)
Pjongjanginaan (essive singular)
Pjongjanginansa (essive singular)
Pjongjangikseen (singular translative)
Pjongjangiksensa (singular translative)
Pjongjangittaan (abessive singular)
Pjongjangittansa (abessive singular)

[ˈpjo̞ŋjɑ̝ŋ]

Pyongyang (the capital city of North Korea)


Pjongjang

Pjongjang (nominative singular)
Pjongjangu (genitive singular)
Pjongjangowi (dative singular)
Pjongjang (accusative singular)
Pjongjangiem (instrumental singular)
Pjongjangu (locative singular)
Pjongjangu (singular vocative)


پکن

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


서울

Cognate with Korean 서울 (Seoul), from Sillan 徐羅伐 (서라벌 (Seorabeol)).


서울

→ Burmese: ဆောအူလ် (hcau:ul)

zh-l

首爾／首尔 (Shǒu'ěr)

→ Chinese: 首爾／首尔 (Shǒu'ěr)

desc

→ English: Seoul (possibly through a French-based romanization)

→ French: Séoul

→ English: Seoul (possible)

→ Japanese: ソウル

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Seoul

→ Spanish: Seúl

First attested in the generic "capital" sense in the Samguk yusa (三國遺事 / 삼국유사), 1281:
:
The modern sense of "Seoul" is simply because Seoul was the capital of Korea from 1394 onwards.
In the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ (Yale: syěWùl).
Also attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 셔〯욿 (Yale: syěwùlh).
Etymological details
As mentioned in the Samguk yusa, the sense of "capital" is most likely a generalization of the Old Korean place name referring specifically to the capital of Silla, the ancient state which unified Korea. This place name was transcribed using various Chinese characters, most often 徐羅伐 (Middle Korean Syelapel, modern Seorabeol). This appears to be a compound of:
* the Old Korean proper noun corresponding to Silla, approximated as Syela-. Note that Middle Korean rising pitch, as in syě, is created by a contraction of two syllables, which fits this theory.
* an Old Korean word meaning "town", approximated as -pel, which can be seen in many other ancient toponyms. Note that Middle Korean -W- comes from former *-p-. Also compare Middle Korean ᄀᆞ옳 (Yale: kòWòlh, “town, district”) and 스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ (Yale: súkòWòl, “rural town”), where this word has survived in fossilized form.(Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)
Hence the word may originally have meant "the town of the Silla".

lang

국호서라벌우서벌^(-이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^(-라)

국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라

ko-etym-native

The name of the [capital of the] kingdom [of Silla, the ancient kingdom which unified the Korean peninsula in the late 600s] was Syelapel or Syepel. This is why, [even] today, the Korean word for the character 京 (gyeong, “capital city”) is syepel.

國號徐羅伐又徐伐，今俗訓「京」字云徐伐，以此故也。

서울에 가요.
Seour-e gayo.
(I am, you are, he is, etc.) going to Seoul. / Let's go to Seoul
Audio (South Korea): (file)


런던

Reondeon (romanization)
윤돈(倫敦) (alternative)

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom)


자그레브

[t͡ɕa̠ɡɯɾe̞bɯ]

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


베이징

Koreans in China
Xinhai Revolution
ko:베이징


브라질리아

[pɯɾa̠d͡ʑiʎʎia̠]

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; state capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)


비엔나

Synonym of 빈 (bin, “Vienna, the capital city of Austria”)


모로니

Moroni (the capital city of the Comoros)


사나

Sanaa (the capital and largest city of Yemen)


아디스아바바

Addis Ababa (the capital city of Ethiopia)


이슬라마바드

Islamabad (the capital city of Pakistan)


리스본

Lisbon (a port city on the Iberian Peninsula, at the mouth of the Tagus River on the Atlantic Ocean; capital city of Portugal)


Dyflinn

is-proper noun

Dyflinn f (proper noun, genitive singular Dyflinnar)

Dyflinnar (genitive singular)
Dyflinn (indefinite nominative singular)
Dyflinn (accusative indefinite singular)
Dyflinn (dative indefinite singular)
Dyflinnar (genitive indefinite singular)
Dyflinni (alternative)

From Old Norse Dyflinn, from Old Irish dub (“black”) + linn (“pond”).


París

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


París

París f (proper noun, genitive singular Parísar)

Parísar (genitive singular)
París (indefinite nominative singular)
París (accusative indefinite singular)
París (dative indefinite singular)
Parísar (genitive indefinite singular)


París

Borrowed from Old French Paris, from Late Latin name of an earlier settlement, Lutetia Parisiorum "Lutetia of the Parisii", from Latin Parisiī, a Gaulish tribe, from Proto-Celtic *par (“boat”).


Gɛ̃

Accra (the capital and largest city of Ghana)


ភ្នំពេញ

km-proper noun

ភ្នំពេញ • (phnum pɨñ)

English: Phnom Penh

Vietnamese: Phnôm Pênh, Nam Vang, Nam Vinh

From ភ្នំ (phnum, “hill”) + ពេញ (pɨñ, “Penh, the name of the old lady who had built the pagoda on the hill”), thus "Hill of Penh".

compound

អ្នកភ្នំពេញ ― nĕək phnum pɨñ ― resident of Phnom Penh

Phnom Penh (the capital city of Cambodia)


Шри-Джаяварденепура-Котте

ru-proper noun

Шри-Джаява́рденепура-Ко́тте

Шри-Джаява́рденепура-Ко́тте • (Šri-Džajavárdɛnɛpura-Kóttɛ) m inan (indeclinable)

Шри-Джаява́рденепура-Ко́тте (canonical)
Šri-Džajavárdɛnɛpura-Kóttɛ (romanization)

Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte#English

Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (the administrative capital of Sri Lanka)

ru:Шри-Джаяварденепура-Котте

en-Шри-Джаяварденепура-Котте-ru-name-NVLigLvs


بن

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Bonn (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia; former capital city of Germany)


صوفیه

Turkish: Sofya

→ English: Sofya

From Bulgarian Со́фия (Sófiya), from църква „Света София“ (cǎrkva "Sveta Sofija"), from Byzantine Greek Ναός Ἁγίας Σοφίας (Naós Hagías Sophías, “Church of Holy Wisdom”), the city's prominent 6th-century Byzantine Greek church, from Ancient Greek σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”).


Atény

cs-proper noun

Atény f pl (relational adjective aténský, demonym Atéňan)

aténský (adjective relational)
Atéňan (demonym)
Atény (nominative plural)
Atén (genitive plural)
Aténám (dative plural)
Atény (accusative plural)
Atény (plural vocative)
Aténách (locative plural)
Aténami (instrumental plural)
Athény (alternative)


Atény

sk-proper noun

Atény f pl (genitive singular Atén, declension pattern of žena)

Atén (genitive singular)
žena (declension-pattern-of)
Atény (nominative plural-only)
Atén (genitive plural-only)
Aténam (dative plural-only)
Atény (accusative plural-only)
Aténach (locative plural-only)
Aténami (instrumental plural-only)


Nineveh

From Old English Niniue (under influence from Biblical Hebrew נִינְוֵה (nīnəwē)), from Latin Nīnevē, from Ancient Greek Νινευή (Nineuḗ), ultimately from Akkadian 𒌷𒉌𒉡𒀀 𒀏 (/Ninua/) or Old Babylonian 𒌷𒉌𒉡𒀀 (/Ninuwā/) of uncertain origin, but is clearly a variation of 𒀏 (/ninâ/, “fish”). The cuneiform seems to denote "House of Fish", although whether this referred to literal fish, an aspect of Ishtar, a separate Hurrian goddess, or something else entirely is unclear.
The traditional folk etymology in classical antiquity derived it from an eponymous founder Ninus (Greek: Νίνος (Nínos)).

(historical) The capital of ancient Assyria, now Mosul, Iraq.


Κωνσταντινούπολις

grc-proper noun

Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς

Κωνστᾰντῑνουπόλεως

Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς • (Kōnstăntīnoúpolĭs) f (genitive Κωνστᾰντῑνουπόλεως); third declension

Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς (canonical)
Kōnstăntīnoúpolĭs (romanization)
Κωνστᾰντῑνουπόλεως (genitive)
ἡ Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς (nominative singular)
τῆς Κωνστᾰντῑνουπόλεως (genitive singular)
τῇ Κωνστᾰντῑνουπόλει (dative singular)
τὴν Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐν (accusative singular)
Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐ (singular vocative)

grc-decl

Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς

desc

Κωνσταντινούπολη

> Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολη (Konstantinoúpoli) (inherited)

desctree

الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة

→ Arabic: الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّة (al-qusṭanṭīniyya)
→ Azerbaijani: Qüstəntiniyyə
→ Malay: قسطنطینیه, Kustantiniyah
→ Ottoman Turkish: قسطنطینیه (Kostantiniyye)
→ Classical Persian: قسطنطنیه (qustantaniya)
→ Bengali: কুস্তুন্তুনিয়া (kustuntuniẏa)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: क़ुस्तुंतुनिया (qustuntuniyā)
Urdu: قسطنطنیہ (qustuntuniyā)
Dari: قسطنطنیه (qustantaniya)
Iranian Persian: قسطنطنیه (qostantaniye)
Tajik: Қустантиния (Qustantiniya), Қустантания (Qustantaniya)
→ Uzbek: Qustantiniya
→ Urdu: قُسْطَنْطِینِیَہ (qusṭanṭīniya)

→ Latin: Cōnstantīnopolis
→ French: Constantinople
→ Korean: 콘스탄티노폴리스 (konseutantinopolliseu)

→ English: Constantinople

Կոստանդնուպօլիս

→ Old Armenian: Կոստանդնուպօլիս (Kostandnupōlis), Կոստանդինուպօլիս (Kostandinupōlis), Կոստանդնապօլիս (Kostandnapōlis), Կոստանդնուպոլիս (Kostandnupolis), Կոստանդնուպաւլիս (Kostandnupawlis)
Armenian: Կոստանդնուպոլիս (Kostandnupolis)

desc

Константинополь

→ Russian: Константинополь (Konstantinopolʹ)

→ Turkish: Konstantinopolis

From the phrase Κωνστᾰντῑ́νου (Kōnstăntī́nou, “Constantine's”, genitive) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).

affix

Κωνστᾰντῖνος

Κωνστᾰντῑ́νου

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

Constantinople (the capital of the Byzantine Empire; contemporary Istanbul in Turkey)


Aga

→ Dutch: Agga

The Hague (a city, the administrative capital of the Netherlands)


Athènes

→ Persian: آتن (âten)

Borrowed from Latin Athēnae, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai).


Pékin

→ Persian: پکن (pekan)

→ Khmer: ប៉េកាំង (peekang)

Borrowed from Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng), specifically the Nanking court dialect from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/. Doublet of Beijing. Compare Spanish Pekín, Portuguese Pequim, English Peking, Dutch Peking. See also Tonkin and Nankin (“Nanjing”).

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


Copenhague

Ultimately from Danish København, from Old Danish Køpmannæhafn.

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Copenhague

Borrowed from Danish København, from Old Danish Køpmannæhafn.


Douchanbé

Dushanbe (the capital city of Tajikistan)


Kaboul

Ultimately from Classical Persian کابل (kābul).

Holonym: Afghanistan


Tananarive

(dated) Antananarivo (the capital city of Madagascar)


Havanna

Havanna (nominative singular)
Havanna (accusative nominative singular)
Havannan (accusative genitive singular)
Havannan (genitive singular)
Havannaa (partitive singular)
Havannassa (inessive singular)
Havannasta (elative singular)
Havannaan (illative singular)
Havannalla (adessive singular)
Havannalta (ablative singular)
Havannalle (allative singular)
Havannana (essive singular)
Havannaksi (singular translative)
Havannatta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Havannani (nominative singular)
Havannani (accusative nominative singular)
Havannani (accusative genitive singular)
Havannani (genitive singular)
Havannaani (partitive singular)
Havannassani (inessive singular)
Havannastani (elative singular)
Havannaani (illative singular)
Havannallani (adessive singular)
Havannaltani (ablative singular)
Havannalleni (allative singular)
Havannanani (essive singular)
Havannakseni (singular translative)
Havannattani (abessive singular)
Havannasi (nominative singular)
Havannasi (accusative nominative singular)
Havannasi (accusative genitive singular)
Havannasi (genitive singular)
Havannaasi (partitive singular)
Havannassasi (inessive singular)
Havannastasi (elative singular)
Havannaasi (illative singular)
Havannallasi (adessive singular)
Havannaltasi (ablative singular)
Havannallesi (allative singular)
Havannanasi (essive singular)
Havannaksesi (singular translative)
Havannattasi (abessive singular)
Havannamme (nominative singular)
Havannamme (accusative nominative singular)
Havannamme (accusative genitive singular)
Havannamme (genitive singular)
Havannaamme (partitive singular)
Havannassamme (inessive singular)
Havannastamme (elative singular)
Havannaamme (illative singular)
Havannallamme (adessive singular)
Havannaltamme (ablative singular)
Havannallemme (allative singular)
Havannanamme (essive singular)
Havannaksemme (singular translative)
Havannattamme (abessive singular)
Havannanne (nominative singular)
Havannanne (accusative nominative singular)
Havannanne (accusative genitive singular)
Havannanne (genitive singular)
Havannaanne (partitive singular)
Havannassanne (inessive singular)
Havannastanne (elative singular)
Havannaanne (illative singular)
Havannallanne (adessive singular)
Havannaltanne (ablative singular)
Havannallenne (allative singular)
Havannananne (essive singular)
Havannaksenne (singular translative)
Havannattanne (abessive singular)
Havannansa (nominative singular)
Havannansa (accusative nominative singular)
Havannansa (accusative genitive singular)
Havannansa (genitive singular)
Havannaansa (partitive singular)
Havannassaan (inessive singular)
Havannassansa (inessive singular)
Havannastaan (elative singular)
Havannastansa (elative singular)
Havannaansa (illative singular)
Havannallaan (adessive singular)
Havannallansa (adessive singular)
Havannaltaan (ablative singular)
Havannaltansa (ablative singular)
Havannalleen (allative singular)
Havannallensa (allative singular)
Havannanaan (essive singular)
Havannanansa (essive singular)
Havannakseen (singular translative)
Havannaksensa (singular translative)
Havannattaan (abessive singular)
Havannattansa (abessive singular)

[ˈhɑ̝ʋɑ̝nːɑ̝]

From German Havanna, from Spanish La Habana.


Havanna

de-proper noun

Havanna n (proper noun, genitive Havannas or (optionally with an article) Havanna)

Havannas (genitive)
Havanna (genitive with-article)

Borrowed from Spanish La Habana, from Taíno Habaguanex, the native American chief (Cacique) who controlled the area.


Havanna

Havanna (nominative singular)
Havannát (accusative singular)
Havannának (dative singular)
Havannával (instrumental singular)
Havannáért (causal-final singular)
Havannává (singular translative)
Havannáig (singular terminative)
Havannaként (essive-formal singular)
Havannában (inessive singular)
Havannán (singular superessive)
Havannánál (adessive singular)
Havannába (illative singular)
Havannára (singular sublative)
Havannához (allative singular)
Havannából (elative singular)
Havannáról (delative singular)
Havannától (ablative singular)
Havannáé (singular)
Havannáéi (singular)
Havannám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Havannád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Havannája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Havannánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Havannátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Havannájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)


Warschau

→ Afrikaans: Warschau


Warschau

Warschau n (proper noun, genitive Warschaus or (optionally with an article) Warschau)

Warschaus (genitive)
Warschau (genitive with-article)

→ Dutch: Warschau
→ Afrikaans: Warschau

→ Icelandic: Varsjá

→ Luxembourgish: Warschau


Édimbourg

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)


Lisbonne

English: Lisbon

→ Ottoman Turkish: لیزبون (Lizbon)

Turkish: Lizbon

→ Armenian: Լիզպոն (Lizpon)

From Arabic لِشْبُونَة (Lišbūna), from Latin Olisīpō, of uncertain origin.


Helsset

Helsset (nominative singular)
Helssega (accusative singular)
Helssega (genitive singular)
Helssegii (illative singular)
Helssegis (locative singular)
Helssegiin (comitative singular)
Helssegin (essive)
Helssegan (first-person possessive singular)
Helssegeamẹ (dual first-person possessive)
Helssegeamẹt (first-person plural possessive)
Helssegat (possessive second-person singular)
Helssegeattẹ (dual possessive second-person)
Helssegeattẹt (plural possessive second-person)
Helssegis (possessive singular third-person)
Helssegeaskkạ (dual possessive third-person)
Helssegeasẹt (plural possessive third-person)


Talinas

Talinas (nominative)
Talino (genitive)
Talinui (dative)
Taliną (accusative)
Talinu (instrumental)
Taline (locative)
Taline (vocative)


کابل

head

کابل • (kābә́l)

Compare Sanskrit कुभा (kubhā, “Kabul River”) and Ancient Greek Κάβουρα (Káboura) (a settlement in Afghanistan crossed by Alexander the Great).


کابل

کابُل • (kâbol)

fa-proper noun

کابُل • (kâbol)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कुभा (kubhā, “Kabul River”) and Avestan 𐬐𐬎𐬡𐬀 (kuβa). Pronunciation changed to "Kabul" around the 11th century.


کابل

ur-proper noun

کابُل • (kābul) m (Hindi spelling काबुल)

کابُل (canonical)
kābul (romanization)
काबुल (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian کَابُل (kābul).


عشق‌آباد

head

عشقآباد • ('ešq-âbâd)

fa-proper noun

عشقآباد • ('ešq-âbâd)

عشقآباد (canonical)
'ešq-âbâd (romanization)

[ʔiʃq.ʔɑː.ˈβɑːð]

[ʔɪʃq.ʔɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɪʃq.ʔɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔɪʃq.ʔɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[ʔiʃq.ʔɔː.bɔ́ːd̪̥]

[ʔeʃɢ.ʔɒː.bɒ́ːd̪̥]

[ʔäʃq.ʔɔ.bɔ́d̪]

Literally "city of love", from عشق ('ešq, “love”) + ـآباد (-âbâd, “city”).

af

Ashgabat (the capital and largest city of Turkmenistan)


تاشکند

head

تاشکند (taškänd)

Uyghur: تاشكەنت (tashkent)

Uzbek: Toshkent

From تاش (taš, “stone”) + ـکند (-känd, “city”).

suf

Tashkent (the capital city of Uzbekistan)


تاشکند

head

تاشکند • (tâškand)

fa-proper noun

تاشکند • (tâškand)

[t̪ʰɑːʃ.kʰǽn̪d̪]

[t̪ʰɑːʃ.kʰǽn̪d̪]

[t̪ʰɑːʃ.kʰǽn̪d̪]

[t̪ʰɔːʃ.kʰǽn̪d̪̥]

[t̪ʰɒːʃ.kʰʲǽn̪d̪̥]

[t̪ʰɔʃ.kʰǽn̪d̪]


عمان

ar-proper noun

عَمَّان • (ʕammān) f

عَمَّان (canonical)
ʕammān (romanization)
عَمَّان (definite diptote informal singular)
عَمَّانُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
عَمَّانَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
عَمَّانَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܥܲܡܵܐܢ (ˁammān)

→ Persian: عمان ('ammân)

→ Punjabi: عَمّان (ʻammān)

→ Sindhi: عمان

→ Urdu: عَمّان ('ammān)

Generally connected to the root ع م م (ʕ m m) dealing with the concepts of "kinsmen or people", "father's brother", "to be distantly related, an extended tribe", "a very large company", "a tribe, multitude, or great band"; attested as far back as Akkadian 𒌷𒄠𒈠𒈾 (Ammān, “City of Ammān”) likely deriving from a local power's endonym.

ar-root

ع م م (ʕ m m)


عمان

Turkish: Amman

Borrowed from Arabic عَمَّان (ʕAmmān), from a local name attested as far back as Akkadian 𒌷𒄠𒈠𒈾 (Ammān, “City of Ammān”).


عمان

'ammân (romanization)
امان (alternative)


عمان

pa-proper noun

عَمّان • (ʻammān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਅੱਮਾਨ)

عَمّان (canonical)
ʻammān (romanization)
ਅੱਮਾਨ (Gurmukhi)


عمان

ajp-proper noun

عمّان • (ʕammān) f


عمان

ur-proper noun

عَمّان • ('ammān) m (Hindi spelling अम्मान)

عَمّان (canonical)
'ammān (romanization)
अम्मान (Hindi)


زاگرب

zâgreb (romanization)
zâgrib (romanization)

[zɒːɡʲ.ɹéb̥]

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


آتن

head

آتن • (âten)

fa-proper noun

آتن • (âten)

Borrowed from French Athènes, from Latin Athēnae, from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai).


Ἀσσυρία

grc-proper noun

Ἀσσῠρίᾱ • (Assŭríā) f (genitive Ἀσσῠρίᾱς); first declension

Ἀσσῠρίᾱ (canonical)
Assŭríā (romanization)
Ἀσσῠρίᾱς (genitive)
ἡ Ἀσσυρίᾱ (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀσσυρίᾱς (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀσσυρίᾳ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἀσσυρίᾱν (accusative singular)
Ἀσσυρίᾱ (singular vocative)

Greek: Ασσυρία (Assyría)

→ Latin: Assyria (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Akkadian 𒀾𒋗𒊏𒅀 (Aššūrāyu), from 𒀸𒋩𒆠 (Aššūr, “Assur”), its original capital.

Assyria (an ancient city-state and former empire in Mesopotamia, approximately corresponding to modern Iraq, but at its height including parts of modern Iran, Syria, Israel, Palestine and Egypt)


برن

بِرْن (canonical)
birn (romanization)
bern (romanization)
بِرْن (definite diptote informal singular triptote)
بِرْن (definite diptote informal singular triptote)
بِرْنُ (definite diptote nominative singular triptote)
بِرْنٌ (definite diptote nominative singular triptote)
بِرْنَ (accusative definite diptote singular triptote)
بِرْنًا (accusative definite diptote singular triptote)
بِرْنَ (definite diptote genitive singular triptote)
بِرْنٍ (definite diptote genitive singular triptote)


پیونگ‌یانگ

پیونگیانگ (canonical)
piyong-yâng (romanization)

[pʰi.joːŋɡ.jɑ́ːŋɡ]

[pʰi.joɲɡʲ.jɒ́ːɲɡʲ̥]

Borrowed from English Pyongyang, and hence a poor approximation of the Korean.

Pyongyang (the capital city of North Korea)

fa:پیونگ‌یانگ


پراگ

head

پراگ • (perâg)

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Ἀτθίς

grc-proper noun

Ἀτθίς • (Atthís) f (genitive Ἀτθίδος); third declension

Atthís (romanization)
Ἀτθίδος (genitive)
ἡ Ἀτθῐ́ς (nominative singular)
τῆς Ἀτθῐ́δος (genitive singular)
τῇ Ἀτθῐ́δῐ (dative singular)
τὴν Ἀτθῐ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
Ἀτθῐ́ς (singular vocative)

Athens (an ancient city-state in modern Greece)


Βηρυτός

Βηρῡτός • (Bērūtós) f (genitive Βηρῡτοῦ); second declension

Βηρῡτός (canonical)
Bērūtós (romanization)
Βηρῡτοῦ (genitive)
ἡ Βηρῡτός (nominative singular)
τῆς Βηρῡτοῦ (genitive singular)
τῇ Βηρῡτῷ (dative singular)
τὴν Βηρῡτόν (accusative singular)
Βηρῡτέ (singular vocative)

Greek: Βηρυτός (Virytós)

desctree

→ Latin: Bērȳtus
→ English: Berytus
French: Béryte
→ German: Berytus
Italian: Berito
Spanish: Berito

Borrowed from Phoenician 𐤁𐤓𐤕 (bērūt, “Beirut”), from Proto-West Semitic *biʾrāt- (“wells”). Doublet of Βηρώθ (Bērṓth, “Beeroth”) from Biblical Hebrew בְּאֵרוֹת (bəʾērōṯ).

Berytus, Beirut (the capital and largest city of Lebanon)


Βηρυτός

head

Βηρυτός • (Virytós) f

Virytós (romanization)
Βηρυτός (nominative singular)
Βηρυτού (genitive singular)
Βηρυτό (accusative singular)
Βηρυτέ (singular vocative)
Βηρυτό (singular vocative)


ウィーン

ja-pos

ウィーン • (Wīn)

From German Wien. Doublet of ヴィエンナ (Vienna) and ヴィエンヌ (Viennu, “Vienne”).


רומא

he-proper noun

רוֹמָא • (róma) f

Ultimately from Latin Roma. Attested in the Talmud, and still in use.

Rome (A city on the Tiber River on the Italian peninsula; ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of Italy; capital city of the region of Lazio)


Kiew

de-proper noun

Kiew n (proper noun, genitive Kiews or (optionally with an article) Kiew)

Kiews (genitive)
Kiew (genitive with-article)
Kyjiw (alternative)
Kijew (alternative)


Singapura

From Malay Singapura, from Sanskrit सिंहपुर (siṃhá-pura), from सिंह (siṃha, “lion”) + पुर (pura, “city”). Equivalent to singa (“lion”) + pura (“city”).

compound

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


Singapura

la-proper noun

Singapura f sg (genitive Singapurae); first declension

Singapurae (genitive)
Singapura (nominative singular)
Singapurae (genitive singular)
Singapurae (dative singular)
Singapuram (accusative singular)
Singapurā (ablative singular)
Singapura (singular vocative)

[s̠ɪŋˈɡäpʊrä]

(New Latin) Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


Singapura

سيڠاڤورا (Jawi)

From Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá, “lion”) and पुर (pura, “city”).


Singapura

[sɪ.ŋɐˈpuː.ɾɐ]

...lalung-lalo na kung kanilang maaalala ang malagim na kinasapitan nina Delia Maga at Flor Contemplacion sa bansang Singapura maliban pa rin sa kahindik-hindik na pagkamatay naman ni Maricris Sioson sa bansang Hapon.

1996, Carlos J. Etivac, Ang bukang-liwayway sa aking inang bayan!:


Vilnüs

Vilnüs (nominative singular)
Vilnüs'ü (accusative singular)
Vilnüs'e (dative singular)
Vilnüs'te (locative singular)
Vilnüs'ten (ablative singular)
Vilnüs'ün (genitive singular)


Sofie

sofijský (adjective relational)
Sofie (nominative singular)
Sofie (genitive singular)
Sofii (dative singular)
Sofii (accusative singular)
Sofie (singular vocative)
Sofii (locative singular)
Sofií (instrumental singular)
Sofia (alternative)


Bryssel

Bryssel (nominative singular)
Bryssel (accusative nominative singular)
Brysselin (accusative genitive singular)
Brysselin (genitive singular)
Brysseliä (partitive singular)
Brysselissä (inessive singular)
Brysselistä (elative singular)
Brysseliin (illative singular)
Brysselillä (adessive singular)
Brysseliltä (ablative singular)
Brysselille (allative singular)
Brysselinä (essive singular)
Brysseliksi (singular translative)
Brysselittä (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Brysselini (nominative singular)
Brysselini (accusative nominative singular)
Brysselini (accusative genitive singular)
Brysselini (genitive singular)
Brysseliäni (partitive singular)
Brysselissäni (inessive singular)
Brysselistäni (elative singular)
Brysseliini (illative singular)
Brysselilläni (adessive singular)
Brysseliltäni (ablative singular)
Brysselilleni (allative singular)
Brysselinäni (essive singular)
Brysselikseni (singular translative)
Brysselittäni (abessive singular)
Brysselisi (nominative singular)
Brysselisi (accusative nominative singular)
Brysselisi (accusative genitive singular)
Brysselisi (genitive singular)
Brysseliäsi (partitive singular)
Brysselissäsi (inessive singular)
Brysselistäsi (elative singular)
Brysseliisi (illative singular)
Brysselilläsi (adessive singular)
Brysseliltäsi (ablative singular)
Brysselillesi (allative singular)
Brysselinäsi (essive singular)
Brysseliksesi (singular translative)
Brysselittäsi (abessive singular)
Brysselimme (nominative singular)
Brysselimme (accusative nominative singular)
Brysselimme (accusative genitive singular)
Brysselimme (genitive singular)
Brysseliämme (partitive singular)
Brysselissämme (inessive singular)
Brysselistämme (elative singular)
Brysseliimme (illative singular)
Brysselillämme (adessive singular)
Brysseliltämme (ablative singular)
Brysselillemme (allative singular)
Brysselinämme (essive singular)
Brysseliksemme (singular translative)
Brysselittämme (abessive singular)
Brysselinne (nominative singular)
Brysselinne (accusative nominative singular)
Brysselinne (accusative genitive singular)
Brysselinne (genitive singular)
Brysseliänne (partitive singular)
Brysselissänne (inessive singular)
Brysselistänne (elative singular)
Brysseliinne (illative singular)
Brysselillänne (adessive singular)
Brysseliltänne (ablative singular)
Brysselillenne (allative singular)
Brysselinänne (essive singular)
Brysseliksenne (singular translative)
Brysselittänne (abessive singular)
Brysselinsä (nominative singular)
Brysselinsä (accusative nominative singular)
Brysselinsä (accusative genitive singular)
Brysselinsä (genitive singular)
Brysseliään (partitive singular)
Brysseliänsä (partitive singular)
Brysselissään (inessive singular)
Brysselissänsä (inessive singular)
Brysselistään (elative singular)
Brysselistänsä (elative singular)
Brysseliinsä (illative singular)
Brysselillään (adessive singular)
Brysselillänsä (adessive singular)
Brysseliltään (ablative singular)
Brysseliltänsä (ablative singular)
Brysselilleen (allative singular)
Brysselillensä (allative singular)
Brysselinään (essive singular)
Brysselinänsä (essive singular)
Brysselikseen (singular translative)
Brysseliksensä (singular translative)
Brysselittään (abessive singular)
Brysselittänsä (abessive singular)
Brysseli (alternative)


Damaskus

Inherited from Dutch Damascus, from Middle Dutch damascus, from Latin Damascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from a Semitic language.


Damaskus

de-proper noun

Damaskus n (proper noun, genitive Damaskus' or (with an article) Damaskus)

Damaskus' (genitive)
Damaskus (genitive)

From Latin Damascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from an ancient Semitic language.


サン・マリノ

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


ルクセンブルグ

Rukusenburugu (romanization)
ルクセンブルク (alternative)

Luxembourg (the capital city of Luxembourg)


Vieno

Vienna (the capital city of Austria; state of Austria)


Vídeň

cs-proper noun

Vídeň f (relational adjective vídeňský, demonym Vídeňan or (informal) Vídeňák)

vídeňský (adjective relational)
Vídeňan (demonym)
Vídeňák (demonym informal)
Vídeň (nominative singular)
Vídně (genitive singular)
Vídni (dative singular)
Vídeň (accusative singular)
Vídni (singular vocative)
Vídni (locative singular)
Vídní (instrumental singular)

Vienna (the capital city and state of Austria)


Μεθώνη

grc-proper noun

Μεθώνη • (Methṓnē) f (genitive Μεθώνης); first declension

Methṓnē (romanization)
Μεθώνης (genitive)
ἡ Μεθώνη (nominative singular)
τῆς Μεθώνης (genitive singular)
τῇ Μεθώνῃ (dative singular)
τὴν Μεθώνην (accusative singular)
Μεθώνη (singular vocative)

Greek: Μεθώνη (Methóni)

desctree

Latin: Methōnē
Dutch: Methone
English: Methone
French: Méthone
German: Methone
Italian: Metone
Spanish: Metone

Venetan: Modon

Italian: Modone

Central Macedonia
Central Macedonia#English

(historical) Methone (an ancient city-state near present-day Methoni in Central Macedonia, Greece)

(historical) Methone (an ancient city-state near present-day Ano Lechonia in Thessaly, Greece)


Bukarešta

Bukarẹ̑šta (canonical feminine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
Bukaréšta (nominative singular)
Bukaréšte (genitive singular)
Bukaréšti (dative singular)
Bukaréšto (accusative singular)
Bukaréšti (locative singular)
Bukaréšto (instrumental singular)


Abidžan

Abidjan (the de-facto capital city of Ivory Coast)


Abidžan

Àbidžan (canonical masculine)
А̀биџан (Cyrillic)
Abidžan (nominative singular)
Abidžana (genitive singular)
Abidžanu (dative singular)
Abidžan (accusative singular)
Abidžane (singular vocative)
Abidžanu (locative singular)
Abidžanom (instrumental singular)
Àbidjan (alternative)

(Serbia, Montenegro) Abidjan (the de-facto capital city of Ivory Coast)


باماكو

ar-proper noun

بَامَاكُو • (bāmākū) f

بَامَاكُو (canonical)
bāmākū (romanization)


باريس

بَارِيس • (bārīs) f

بَارِيس (canonical)
bārīs (romanization)
بَارِيس (definite diptote informal singular)
بَارِيسُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
بَارِيسَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
بَارِيسَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
بَارِيز (alternative)
پَارِيس (alternative)

→ Afar: Baaríis

→ Somali: Baaríis

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


كراكاس

كَرَاكَاس • (karākās) f

كَرَاكَاس (canonical)
karākās (romanization)


Džibuti

cs-proper noun

Džibuti n (indeclinable, relational adjective džibutský)


בוקרשט

he-proper noun

בּוּקָרֶשְׂט

בּוּקָרֶשְׂט • (bukarest) f

בּוּקָרֶשְׂט (canonical)
bukarest (romanization)


Kievan

From Kiev + -an, from Russian Ки́ев (Kíjev).

Of or associated with the city of Kyiv (the capital city of Ukraine).


Kuwejt

Kuwejt (nominative singular)
Kuwejtu (genitive singular)
Kuwejtowi (dative singular)
Kuwejt (accusative singular)
Kuwejtem (instrumental singular)
Kuwejcie (locative singular)
Kuwejcie (singular vocative)

Kuwait City (the capital city of Kuwait)


Meksyk

pl-prop

Meksyk m inan (related adjective meksykański)

meksykański (adjective)
Meksyk (nominative singular)
Meksyku (genitive singular)
Meksykowi (dative singular)
Meksyk (accusative singular)
Meksykiem (instrumental singular)
Meksyku (locative singular)
Meksyku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Spanish México, from Classical Nahuatl Mēxihco, a place-name referring to the Mēxihcah (Mexica/Aztecs).

Mexico City (the capital city of Mexico)


Ciudad de México

sh-proper noun

Сјудад де Мехико

Ciudad de México m (Cyrillic spelling Сјудад де Мехико)

Сјудад де Мехико (Cyrillic)

Mexico City (the capital and largest city of Mexico)


Ciudad de México

Aguascalientes · Baja California · Baja California Sur · Campeche · Chiapas · Chihuahua · Coahuila · Colima · Durango · Guanajuato · Guerrero · Hidalgo · Jalisco · México · Michoacán · Morelos · Nayarit · Nuevo León · Oaxaca · Puebla · Querétaro · Quintana Roo · San Luis Potosí · Sinaloa · Sonora · Tabasco · Tamaulipas · Tlaxcala · Veracruz · Yucatán · Zacatecas


Кувейт

bg-proper noun

Куве́йт • (Kuvéjt) m

Куве́йт (canonical)
Kuvéjt (romanization)


Кувейт

Kazakh alphabets#Arabic script
Kazakh alphabets#Cyrillic script
Kazakh alphabets#Latin script
kk:Кувейт


Кувейт

ru-proper noun+

Куве́йт • (Kuvéjt) m inan (genitive Куве́йта, relational adjective куве́йтский)

Куве́йт (canonical)
Kuvéjt (romanization)
Куве́йта (genitive)
куве́йтский (adjective relational)
Куве́йт (nominative singular)
Куве́йта (genitive singular)
Куве́йту (dative singular)
Куве́йт (accusative singular)
Куве́йтом (instrumental singular)
Куве́йте (prepositional singular)
Куве́йтъ (alternative)


Kuveyt

Kuveyt (nominative singular)
Kuveytler (nominative plural)
Kuveyt'ler (nominative plural)
Kuveyt'i (accusative singular)
Kuveytleri (accusative plural)
Kuveyt'leri (accusative plural)
Kuveyt'e (dative singular)
Kuveytlere (dative plural)
Kuveyt'lere (dative plural)
Kuveyt'te (locative singular)
Kuveytlerde (locative plural)
Kuveyt'lerde (locative plural)
Kuveyt'ten (ablative singular)
Kuveytlerden (ablative plural)
Kuveyt'lerden (ablative plural)
Kuveyt'in (genitive singular)
Kuveytlerin (genitive plural)
Kuveyt'lerin (genitive plural)
Kuveyt'im (first-person singular)
Kuveytlerim (first-person singular)
Kuveyt'lerim (first-person singular)
Kuveyt'in (second-person singular)
Kuveytlerin (second-person singular)
Kuveyt'lerin (second-person singular)
Kuveyt'i (singular third-person)
Kuveytleri (singular third-person)
Kuveyt'leri (singular third-person)
Kuveyt'imiz (first-person plural)
Kuveytlerimiz (first-person plural)
Kuveyt'lerimiz (first-person plural)
Kuveyt'iniz (plural second-person)
Kuveytleriniz (plural second-person)
Kuveyt'leriniz (plural second-person)
Kuveyt'i (plural third-person)
Kuveytleri (plural third-person)
Kuveyt'leri (plural third-person)

From Ottoman Turkish کویت (Kuveyt), from Arabic الْكُوَيْت (al-Kuwayt), diminutive of لْكُوت (kūt).


Luksemburgo

tl-proper noun

Luksemburgo (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜇ᜔ᜄᜓ)

ᜎᜓᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜇ᜔ᜄᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Luxemburgo (“Luxembourg”).


Lúxemborg

is-proper noun

Lúxemborg f (proper noun, genitive singular Lúxemborgar)

Lúxemborgar (genitive singular)
Lúxemborg (indefinite nominative singular)
Lúxemborg (accusative indefinite singular)
Lúxemborg (dative indefinite singular)
Lúxemborgar (genitive indefinite singular)


Lussemburgu

Internationalism, from Italian Lussemburgo.

Luxembourg (a small country in Western Europe)

Luxembourg (a province of Wallonia, Belgium)

Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)

Luxembourg (One of the twelve cantons of the country of Luxembourg, which includes its capital city)


Люксембург

be-proper noun

Люксембу́рг<sg>

люксэмбу́рскі

Люксембу́рг • (Ljuksjembúrh) m inan (genitive Люксембу́рга, uncountable, relational adjective люксэмбу́рскі)

Люксембу́рг (canonical)
Ljuksjembúrh (romanization)
Люксембу́рга (genitive)
люксэмбу́рскі (adjective relational)
Люксембу́рг (nominative singular)
Люксембу́рга (genitive singular)
Люксембу́ргу (dative singular)
Люксембу́рг (accusative singular)
Люксембу́ргам (instrumental singular)
Люксембу́ргу (locative singular)
Люксэмбу́рг (alternative)

be-ndecl

Люксембу́рг<sg>

be:Люксембург


Люксембург

bg-proper noun

лю́ксембургски

Лю́ксембург • (Ljúksemburg) (relational adjective лю́ксембургски)

Лю́ксембург (canonical)
Ljúksemburg (romanization)
лю́ксембургски (adjective relational)

bg:Люксембург


Люксембург

kk-noun

Люксембург • (Lüksemburg)

Kazakh alphabets#Arabic script
Kazakh alphabets#Cyrillic script
Kazakh alphabets#Latin script
Yañalif
kk:Люксембург


Люксембург

ru-proper noun+

люксембу́ргский

Люксембу́рг • (Ljuksembúrg) m inan (genitive Люксембу́рга, nominative plural Люксембу́рги, genitive plural Люксембу́ргов, relational adjective люксембу́ргский)

Люксембу́рг (canonical)
Ljuksembúrg (romanization)
Люксембу́рга (genitive)
Люксембу́рги (nominative plural)
Люксембу́ргов (genitive plural)
люксембу́ргский (adjective relational)
Люксембу́рг (nominative singular)
Люксембу́рги (nominative plural)
Люксембу́рга (genitive singular)
Люксембу́ргов (genitive plural)
Люксембу́ргу (dative singular)
Люксембу́ргам (dative plural)
Люксембу́рг (accusative singular)
Люксембу́рги (accusative plural)
Люксембу́ргом (instrumental singular)
Люксембу́ргами (instrumental plural)
Люксембу́рге (prepositional singular)
Люксембу́ргах (plural prepositional)
Люксембу́ргъ (alternative)

ru:Люксембург

Ru-Люксембург.ogg


Люксембург

uk-proper noun

Люксембу́рг<sg>

люксембу́рзький

Люксембу́рг • (Ljuksembúrh) m inan (genitive Люксембу́рга, uncountable, relational adjective люксембу́рзький)

Люксембу́рг (canonical)
Ljuksembúrh (romanization)
Люксембу́рга (genitive)
люксембу́рзький (adjective relational)
Люксембу́рг (nominative singular)
Люксембу́рга (genitive singular)
Люксембу́ргові (dative singular)
Люксембу́ргу (dative singular)
Люксембу́рг (accusative singular)
Люксембу́ргом (instrumental singular)
Люксембу́ргу (locative singular)
Люксембу́ргу (singular vocative)
Люксембу́рґ (alternative)

uk-ndecl

Люксембу́рг<sg>

uk:Люксембург

Лю‧ксем‧бург


Lüksemburg

Lüksemburg (nominative singular-only)
Lüksemburgy (accusative singular-only)
Lüksemburguň (genitive singular-only)
Lüksemburga (dative singular-only)
Lüksemburgda (locative singular-only)
Lüksemburgdan (ablative singular-only)


Lüksemburg

head

Lüksemburg (genitive Lüksemburgan, partitive Lüksemburgad)

Lüksemburgan (genitive)
Lüksemburgad (partitive)
Lüksemburg (nominative singular)
Lüksemburgan (accusative singular)
Lüksemburgan (genitive singular)
Lüksemburgad (partitive singular)
Lüksemburgan (essive-instructive singular)
Lüksemburgaks (singular translative)
Lüksemburgas (inessive singular)
Lüksemburgaspäi (elative singular)
Lüksemburgaha (illative singular)
Lüksemburgal (adessive singular)
Lüksemburgalpäi (ablative singular)
Lüksemburgale (allative singular)
Lüksemburgata (abessive singular)
Lüksemburganke (comitative singular)
Lüksemburgadme (prolative singular)
Lüksemburganno (approximative approximative-i singular)
Lüksemburgannoks (approximative approximative-ii singular)
Lüksemburgannopäi (egressive singular)
Lüksemburgahasai (singular terminative terminative-i)
Lüksemburgalesai (singular terminative terminative-ii)
Lüksemburgassai (singular terminative terminative-iii)
Lüksemburgahapäi (additive additive-i singular)
Lüksemburgalepäi (additive additive-ii singular)


Principato di Monaco

Principality of Monaco
Principality of Monaco#English

Principality of Monaco (a city-state in Western Europe)


馬德里

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ tɐk̚⁵ lei̯¹³/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ li⁵⁵⁴/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ li⁴¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ li⁵³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ li⁵³/

/ma²² təʔ⁵⁵ li²¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ tɐk̚⁵ lei̯¹³/

/mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ li⁵⁵⁴/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ li⁴¹/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ li⁵³/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ li⁵³/

/ma²² təʔ⁵⁵ li²¹/


Paříž

cs-proper noun

Paříž f (relational adjective pařížský, demonym Pařížan)

pařížský (adjective relational)
Pařížan (demonym)
Paříž (nominative singular)
Paříže (genitive singular)
Paříži (dative singular)
Paříž (accusative singular)
Paříži (singular vocative)
Paříži (locative singular)
Paříží (instrumental singular)


Londýn

Londýn m inan (relational adjective londýnský, demonym Londýňan)

londýnský (adjective relational)
Londýňan (demonym)
Londýn (nominative singular)
Londýna (genitive singular)
Londýnu (dative singular)
Londýn (accusative singular)
Londýne (singular vocative)
Londýně (locative singular)
Londýnem (instrumental singular)

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


Londýn

sk-proper noun

Londýn m inan (genitive singular Londýna, declension pattern of dub)

Londýna (genitive singular)
dub (declension-pattern-of)
Londýn (nominative singular-only)
Londýna (genitive singular-only)
Londýnu (dative singular-only)
Londýn (accusative singular-only)
Londýne (locative singular-only)
Londýnom (instrumental singular-only)


Řím

cs-proper noun

Řím m inan (relational adjective římský, demonym Říman, female demonym Římanka)

římský (adjective relational)
Říman (demonym)
Římanka (demonym feminine)
Řím (nominative singular)
Říma (genitive singular)
Římu (dative singular)
Řím (accusative singular)
Říme (singular vocative)
Římě (locative singular)
Římem (instrumental singular)

Inherited from Old Czech Řím, from Western South Slavic *Rimъ, from early South Slavic *Rymъ, from early Romance, from Latin Rōma.

Rome (the capital and largest city of Italy)


Bělehrad

Bělehrad m inan (relational adjective bělehradský, demonym Bělehraďan)

bělehradský (adjective relational)
Bělehraďan (demonym)
Bělehrad (nominative singular)
Bělehradu (genitive singular)
Bělehradu (dative singular)
Bělehrad (accusative singular)
Bělehrade (singular vocative)
Bělehradě (locative singular)
Bělehradu (locative singular)
Bělehradem (instrumental singular)


Moscova

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


Moscova

Moscova (accusative definite nominative)
Moscovei (definite)
Москова (alternative)


Moszkva

Moszkva (nominative singular)
Moszkvát (accusative singular)
Moszkvának (dative singular)
Moszkvával (instrumental singular)
Moszkváért (causal-final singular)
Moszkvává (singular translative)
Moszkváig (singular terminative)
Moszkvaként (essive-formal singular)
Moszkvában (inessive singular)
Moszkván (singular superessive)
Moszkvánál (adessive singular)
Moszkvába (illative singular)
Moszkvára (singular sublative)
Moszkvához (allative singular)
Moszkvából (elative singular)
Moszkváról (delative singular)
Moszkvától (ablative singular)
Moszkváé (singular)
Moszkváéi (singular)
Moszkvám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Moszkvád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Moszkvája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Moszkvánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Moszkvátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Moszkvájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)


Dunaj

Dúnaj (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
Dúnaj (nominative singular)
Dúnaja (genitive singular)
Dúnaju (dative singular)
Dúnaj (accusative singular)
Dúnaju (locative singular)
Dúnajem (instrumental singular)

From Proto-Slavic *Dunavь (“Danube”), from Gothic *𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌹 (*dōnawi), from Proto-Germanic *Dōnawjaz, from Proto-Celtic *Dānowyos (whence also Latin Danubius), an extended form of the river-name *Dānu, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂nu (“river goddess”), akin to *dʰenh₂- (“to set in motion; to flow”). Doublet of Donava.


羅馬

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔː²¹ maː¹³/

/l̃o⁵³⁻³³ ma³³/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴/

/lo¹³⁻²² mã⁵³/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ mã⁵³/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔː²¹ maː¹³/

/l̃o⁵³⁻³³ ma³³/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/lo²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴/

/lo¹³⁻²² mã⁵³/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ mã⁵³/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

Borrowed from Italian Roma (“Rome”) or Latin Roma (“Rome”). Possible doublet of 拂菻 (Fúlǐn) (see page for details).
Attested as 羅瑪／罗玛 in 16th and 17th century works, although Kunyu Wanguo Quantu [1602] has 羅馬 /罗马.


Vatikanas

Vatikãnas (canonical masculine)
Vatikanas (nominative)
Vatikano (genitive)
Vatikanui (dative)
Vatikaną (accusative)
Vatikanu (instrumental)
Vatikane (locative)
Vatikane (vocative)

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Hà Nội

→ Chinese: 河內 /河内 (Hénèi)

→ English: Hanoi, Hà Nội

→ French: Hanoï

→ German: Hanoi

→ Japanese: ハノイ (Ha Noi)

→ Khmer: ហាណូយ (Hanoy)

→ Korean: 하노이 (Hanoi)

→ Polish: Hanoi

→ Portuguese: Hanói

→ Russian: Ханой (Xanoj)

→ Spanish: Hanói

Sino-Vietnamese word from 河內, composed of 河 (“rivers”) and 內 (“inside”), meaning "inside rivers". This reflects the geographical position of Hà Nội, which is surrounded by rivers.
The tên Nôm of the city was Kẻ Chợ.

vi-etym-sino

Hà-Nội (alternative)
Hà-nội (alternative)

thủ đô Hà Nội

bún chả Hà Nội

Năm đó là cột mốc trong lịch sử Hà Nội.

That year is a milestone in Hanoian history.

Hanoi (a city, the capital city of Vietnam)


Damašek

cs-proper noun

Damašek m inan (relational adjective damašský)

damašský (adjective relational)
Damašek (nominative singular)
Damašku (genitive singular)
Damašku (dative singular)
Damašek (accusative singular)
Damašku (singular vocative)
Damašku (locative singular)
Damaškem (instrumental singular)


Záhřeb

Záhřeb m inan (relational adjective záhřebský, demonym Záhřeban)

záhřebský (adjective relational)
Záhřeban (demonym)
Záhřeb (nominative singular)
Záhřebu (genitive singular)
Záhřebu (dative singular)
Záhřeb (accusative singular)
Záhřebe (singular vocative)
Záhřebě (locative singular)
Záhřebu (locative singular)
Záhřebem (instrumental singular)

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


Athény

Athény f pl (relational adjective athénský, demonym Athéňan)

athénský (adjective relational)
Athéňan (demonym)
Athény (nominative plural)
Athén (genitive plural)
Athénám (dative plural)
Athény (accusative plural)
Athény (plural vocative)
Athénách (locative plural)
Athénami (instrumental plural)
Atény (alternative)


Kodaň

Kodaň f (relational adjective kodaňský, demonym Kodaňan)

kodaňský (adjective relational)
Kodaňan (demonym)
Kodaň (nominative singular)
Kodaně (genitive singular)
Kodani (dative singular)
Kodaň (accusative singular)
Kodani (singular vocative)
Kodani (locative singular)
Kodaní (instrumental singular)

Borrowed from Latin Codania, from Sinus Codanus (“the Baltic Sea”).

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Kodaň

sk-proper noun

Kodaň f (genitive singular Kodane, declension pattern of dlaň)

Kodane (genitive singular)
dlaň (declension-pattern-of)
Kodaň (nominative singular-only)
Kodane (genitive singular-only)
Kodani (dative singular-only)
Kodaň (accusative singular-only)
Kodani (locative singular-only)
Kodaňou (instrumental singular-only)


Lublaň

cs-proper noun

Lublaň f (relational adjective lublaňský, demonym Lublaňan, female demonym Lublaňanka)

lublaňský (adjective relational)
Lublaňan (demonym)
Lublaňanka (demonym feminine)
Lublaň (nominative singular)
Lublaně (genitive singular)
Lublani (dative singular)
Lublaň (accusative singular)
Lublani (singular vocative)
Lublani (locative singular)
Lublaní (instrumental singular)

Ljubljana (the capital city of Slovenia)


Budapešť

Budapešť f (relational adjective budapešťský, demonym Budapešťan)

budapešťský (adjective relational)
Budapešťan (demonym)
Budapešť (nominative singular)
Budapešti (genitive singular)
Budapešti (dative singular)
Budapešť (accusative singular)
Budapešti (singular vocative)
Budapešti (locative singular)
Budapeští (instrumental singular)


Budapešť

sk-proper noun

Budapešť f (genitive singular Budapešti, declension pattern of kosť)

Budapešti (genitive singular)
kosť (declension-pattern-of)
Budapešť (nominative singular-only)
Budapešti (genitive singular-only)
Budapešti (dative singular-only)
Budapešť (accusative singular-only)
Budapešti (locative singular-only)
Budapešťou (instrumental singular-only)


Bukurešť

cs-proper noun

Bukurešť f (relational adjective bukurešťský, demonym Bukurešťan, female demonym Bukurešťanka)

bukurešťský (adjective relational)
Bukurešťan (demonym)
Bukurešťanka (demonym feminine)
Bukurešť (nominative singular)
Bukurešti (genitive singular)
Bukurešti (dative singular)
Bukurešť (accusative singular)
Bukurešti (singular vocative)
Bukurešti (locative singular)
Bukureští (instrumental singular)

Bucharest (the capital and largest city of Romania)


Bukurešť

sk-proper noun

Bukurešť f (relational adjective bukureštský, demonym Bukurešťan, female demonym Bukurešťanka)

bukureštský (adjective relational)
Bukurešťan (demonym)
Bukurešťanka (demonym feminine)
Bukurešť (nominative singular-only)
Bukurešti (genitive singular-only)
Bukurešti (dative singular-only)
Bukurešť (accusative singular-only)
Bukurešti (locative singular-only)
Bukurešťou (instrumental singular-only)


Alžír

cs-proper noun

Alžír m inan (relational adjective alžírský)

alžírský (adjective relational)
Alžír (nominative singular)
Alžíru (genitive singular)
Alžíru (dative singular)
Alžír (accusative singular)
Alžíre (singular vocative)
Alžíru (locative singular)
Alžírem (instrumental singular)

Borrowed from Arabic الْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir).


Alžír

sk-proper noun

Alžír m inan (genitive singular Alžíra or Alžíru)

Alžíra (genitive singular)
Alžíru (genitive singular)


Róm

Róm (indefinite nominative)
Róm (accusative indefinite)
Róm (dative indefinite)
Rómar (genitive indefinite)


Róm

is-proper noun

Róm f (proper noun, genitive singular Rómar)

Rómar (genitive singular)
Róm (indefinite nominative singular)
Róm (accusative indefinite singular)
Róm (dative indefinite singular)
Rómar (genitive indefinite singular)


Παρίσι

head

Παρίσι • (Parísi) n

Parísi (romanization)
Παρίσι (nominative singular)
Παρισιού (genitive singular)
Παρίσι (accusative singular)
Παρίσι (singular vocative)

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


Jeruzalém

cs-proper noun

Jeruzalém m inan (relational adjective jeruzalémský, demonym Jeruzaléman)

jeruzalémský (adjective relational)
Jeruzaléman (demonym)
Jeruzalém (nominative singular)
Jeruzaléma (genitive singular)
Jeruzalému (dative singular)
Jeruzalém (accusative singular)
Jeruzaléme (singular vocative)
Jeruzalémě (locative singular)
Jeruzalému (locative singular)
Jeruzalémem (instrumental singular)

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Λευκωσία

head

Λευκωσία • (Lefkosía) f

Danish: Lefkousia

English: Lefkosia

Irish: Leafcóis

Italian: Lefkosia

Macedonian: Левкозија (Levkozija)

Spanish: Lefkosia

From Byzantine Greek Λευκωσία (Leukōsía), variant of Λευκουσία (Leukousía), equivalent to λευκός (leukós, “white”) or λεύκη (leúkē, “poplar”) + οὐσία (ousía, “property, estate”), but deriving from various Ancient Greek forms including Λευτεῶν (Leuteôn), Λευκοθέον (Leukothéon), and Λευκούπολις (Leukoúpolis) adapting an early or pre-Greek name variously recorded as Λέδραι (Lédrai), Λῆδρον (Lêdron), Λεδρῶν (Ledrôn), Λήδρα (Lḗdra), etc.

Nicosia (the capital city of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus)


Nikosija

Nicosia (the capital city of Cyprus; capital city of Northern Cyprus)


Teherán

cs-proper noun

Teherán m inan (relational adjective teheránský, demonym Teheránec)

teheránský (adjective relational)
Teheránec (demonym)
Teherán (nominative singular)
Teheránu (genitive singular)
Teheránu (dative singular)
Teherán (accusative singular)
Teheráne (singular vocative)
Teheráně (locative singular)
Teheránu (locative singular)
Teheránem (instrumental singular)


Teherán

Teherán (nominative singular)
Teheránt (accusative singular)
Teheránnak (dative singular)
Teheránnal (instrumental singular)
Teheránért (causal-final singular)
Teheránná (singular translative)
Teheránig (singular terminative)
Teheránként (essive-formal singular)
Teheránban (inessive singular)
Teheránon (singular superessive)
Teheránnál (adessive singular)
Teheránba (illative singular)
Teheránra (singular sublative)
Teheránhoz (allative singular)
Teheránból (elative singular)
Teheránról (delative singular)
Teherántól (ablative singular)
Teheráné (singular)
Teheránéi (singular)
Teheránom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Teheránod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Teheránja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Teheránunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Teheránotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Teheránjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)


Teherán

sk-proper noun

Teherán m inan (genitive singular Teheránu, declension pattern of dub)

Teheránu (genitive singular)
dub (declension-pattern-of)


Atena

Learned borrowing from Latin Athēna (“Athena”), from Ancient Greek Ἀθηνᾶ (Athēnâ).


Atena

Mutto dak, guđek mieđoštegje Paulusa, dolvvu su gidda Ateni; [...]

1874, Min Hærramek ja Bæstamek Jesus Kristus ođđa Testamenta., page 362:

But those who followed Paul brought him to Athens; …

"Atenske menn! Jeg ser at dere på alle måter er svært religiøse. [...]"

1995, Bente Graugaard Nielsen, translated by Laila Susanne Vars and Elle Márjá Vars, Moai Jesusiin: rohkosgirji olles bearrašii, Lunde Forlag, translation of Jesus og jeg: andaktsbok for hele familien, →ISBN, page 336:

"Men of Athens! I see that you are by all means very devout. …"

Mus lea ulbmil mannat Atenii ja Kasselii.

2017 February 22, Astrid Helander, quoting Hans Ragnar Mathiesen, Ávvir, volume 10, number 37, page 6:

I have the goal of going to Athens and Kassel.


Atena

Atenă (accusative indefinite nominative)
Atena (accusative definite nominative)
Atene (indefinite)
Atenei (definite)
Atenă (vocative)
Ateno (vocative)


Atena

Aténa (canonical feminine)
Ате́на (Cyrillic)
Atena (nominative singular)
Atene (genitive singular)
Ateni (dative singular)
Atenu (accusative singular)
Ateno (singular vocative)
Ateni (locative singular)
Atenom (instrumental singular)
Atína (alternative)

(Bosnia, Croatia) Athens (the capital city of Greece)


Káhira

cs-proper noun

Káhira f (relational adjective káhirský, demonym Káhiřan, female demonym Káhiřanka)

káhirský (adjective relational)
Káhiřan (demonym)
Káhiřanka (demonym feminine)
Káhira (nominative singular)
Káhiry (genitive singular)
Káhiře (dative singular)
Káhiru (accusative singular)
Káhiro (singular vocative)
Káhiře (locative singular)
Káhirou (instrumental singular)

Borrowed from Arabic الْقَاهِرَة (al-qāhira, “the Victorious”).


Káhira

sk-proper noun

Káhira f (genitive singular Káhiry, declension pattern of žena)

Káhiry (genitive singular)
žena (declension-pattern-of)
Káhira (nominative singular-only)
Káhiry (genitive singular-only)
Káhire (dative singular-only)
Káhiru (accusative singular-only)
Káhire (locative singular-only)
Káhirou (instrumental singular-only)


Minskas

Minskas (nominative)
Minsko (genitive)
Minskui (dative)
Minską (accusative)
Minsku (instrumental)
Minske (locative)
Minske (vocative)


Ryga

Ryga (nominative)
Rygos (genitive)
Rygai (dative)
Rygą (accusative)
Ryga (instrumental)
Rygoje (locative)
Ryga (vocative)


Ryga

pl-prop

Ryga f (related adjective ryski, demonym ryżanin, female demonym ryżanka)

ryski (adjective)
ryżanin (demonym)
ryżanka (demonym feminine)
Ryga (nominative singular)
Rygi (genitive singular)
Rydze (dative singular)
Rygę (accusative singular)
Rygą (instrumental singular)
Rydze (locative singular)
Rygo (singular vocative)

Riga (the capital and largest city of Latvia)


Helsinkis

Helsinkis (nominative)
Helsinkio (genitive)
Helsinkiui (dative)
Helsinkį (accusative)
Helsinkiu (instrumental)
Helsinkyje (locative)
Helsinki (vocative)


Oslas

Oslas (nominative)
Oslo (genitive)
Oslui (dative)
Oslą (accusative)
Oslu (instrumental)
Osle (locative)
Osle (vocative)


Londonas

Lòndonas (canonical masculine stress-pattern-1)
Lòndonas (nominative)
Lòndono (genitive)
Lòndonui (dative)
Lòndoną (accusative)
Lòndonu (instrumental)
Lòndone (locative)
Lòndone (vocative)


Dublinas

Dublinas (nominative)
Dublino (genitive)
Dublinui (dative)
Dubliną (accusative)
Dublinu (instrumental)
Dubline (locative)
Dubline (vocative)


Maskva

Maskva (nominative)
Maskvos (genitive)
Maskvai (dative)
Maskvą (accusative)
Maskva (instrumental)
Maskvoje (locative)
Maskva (vocative)


Vašingtonas

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)


Athina

From Greek Αθήνα (Athína), from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai). Doublet of Athens.

Hazel nuts constitute the great riches of the coast districts, extending from Athina to a little to the west of Kerassund, and particularly of the latter place, Tireboli, Ordoo, Keureli, Yomurah, and Surmeneh.

1880 March 26, “Population, Industries, and Agriculture of the Province of Trebizond”, in The Journal of the Society of Arts, volume XXVIII, number 1,427, London: […] George Bell and Sons, […], page 396, column 2:

I was a boy from Athina. A city boy.

2011, Meaghan Delahunt, chapter 7, in To the Island, London: Granta Books, published 2012, →ISBN, page 169:

A Siemens-MAN DMU is seen between Monastiraki and Thission stations on the first Metro line in Athina, with the Acropolis in the background.

2016, David Cable, “Greece”, in Rails Across Europe: Eastern and Southern Europe, Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Transport, →ISBN:

Hmm, it says here too that senior police officers from Athina are coming to take over the enquiry. They don't have the staff here on Rhodes for such a crime.

2017, John Manuel, “Adrian”, in Two in the Bush, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 35:

Maybe some of the daring new twists to old favourites that you served at Athina. Greek dishes interpreted in an Australian way, which would be a point of difference.

2017, Kandy Shepherd, Conveniently Wed to the Greek, London: Mills & Boon, →ISBN, page 97:

Synonym of Athens (“the capital city of Greece”).


Ταλίν

head

Ταλίν • (Talín) n

Talín (romanization)
Ταλλίν (alternative)


Μπραζίλια

Μπραζίλια • (Brazília) f

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; state capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)

el:Μπραζίλια


Βατικανό

Βατικανό • (Vatikanó) n

Vatikanó (romanization)
Βατικανό (nominative singular)
Βατικανού (genitive singular)
Βατικανό (accusative singular)
Βατικανό (singular vocative)


Στοκχόλμη

Stokchólmi (romanization)
Στοκχόλμη (nominative singular)
Στοκχόλμης (genitive singular)
Στοκχόλμη (accusative singular)
Στοκχόλμη (singular vocative)

el:Στοκχόλμη


Budapesta

Budapesta f (genitive and dative Budapestei)

Budapestei (dative genitive)
Budapestă (accusative indefinite nominative)
Budapesta (accusative definite nominative)
Budapeste (indefinite)
Budapestei (definite)
Budapestă (vocative)
Budapesto (vocative)


Άγιος Μαρίνος

Άγιος Μαρίνος

Άγιος Μαρίνος • (Ágios Marínos) m

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


Σκόπια

Skópia (romanization)
Σκόπια (nominative plural)
Σκοπίων (genitive plural)
Σκόπια (accusative plural)
Σκόπια (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Macedonian Скопје (Skopje).

Skopje (the capital city of North Macedonia)


Банкок

ru-proper noun+

Банко́к • (Bankók) m inan (genitive Банко́ка)

Банко́к (canonical)
Bankók (romanization)
Банко́ка (genitive)
Банко́к (nominative singular)
Банко́ка (genitive singular)
Банко́ку (dative singular)
Банко́к (accusative singular)
Банко́ком (instrumental singular)
Банко́ке (prepositional singular)

Бангко́к Бангкок#Russian

Obsolete spelling of Бангко́к (Bangkók)., Bangkok (the capital city of Thailand)


Elis

(historical) An ancient Greek city-state in northwestern Peloponnese, modern Greece.


Elis

la-proper noun

Ēlis f sg (genitive Ēlidis); third declension

Ēlis (canonical feminine singular)
Ēlidis (genitive)
Ēlis (nominative singular)
Ēlidis (genitive singular)
Ēlidī (dative singular)
Ēlidem (accusative singular)
Ēlide (ablative singular)
Ēlis (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἦλις (Êlis).

Elis (an ancient Greek city-state in northwestern Peloponnese, modern Greece)


Kotte

Kotte, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (the capital city of Sri Lanka)


Priština

Priština (nominative singular)
Prištiny (genitive singular)
Prištině (dative singular)
Prištinu (accusative singular)
Prištino (singular vocative)
Prištině (locative singular)
Prištinou (instrumental singular)

Pristina, Prishtina (the capital and largest city of Kosovo)


Priština

Prìština (canonical feminine)
Прѝштина (Cyrillic)
Priština (nominative singular)
Prištine (genitive singular)
Prištini (dative singular)
Prištinu (accusative singular)
Prištino (singular vocative)
Prištini (locative singular)
Prištinom (instrumental singular)


Priština

sk-proper noun

Priština f (genitive singular Prištiny, declension pattern of žena)

Prištiny (genitive singular)
žena (declension-pattern-of)

Pristina, Prishtina (the capital of Kosovo)


Pristina

Prishtina (alternative)
Priština (alternative)


Pristina

Pristina (nominative singular)
Pristina (accusative nominative singular)
Pristinan (accusative genitive singular)
Pristinan (genitive singular)
Pristinaa (partitive singular)
Pristinassa (inessive singular)
Pristinasta (elative singular)
Pristinaan (illative singular)
Pristinalla (adessive singular)
Pristinalta (ablative singular)
Pristinalle (allative singular)
Pristinana (essive singular)
Pristinaksi (singular translative)
Pristinatta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Pristinani (nominative singular)
Pristinani (accusative nominative singular)
Pristinani (accusative genitive singular)
Pristinani (genitive singular)
Pristinaani (partitive singular)
Pristinassani (inessive singular)
Pristinastani (elative singular)
Pristinaani (illative singular)
Pristinallani (adessive singular)
Pristinaltani (ablative singular)
Pristinalleni (allative singular)
Pristinanani (essive singular)
Pristinakseni (singular translative)
Pristinattani (abessive singular)
Pristinasi (nominative singular)
Pristinasi (accusative nominative singular)
Pristinasi (accusative genitive singular)
Pristinasi (genitive singular)
Pristinaasi (partitive singular)
Pristinassasi (inessive singular)
Pristinastasi (elative singular)
Pristinaasi (illative singular)
Pristinallasi (adessive singular)
Pristinaltasi (ablative singular)
Pristinallesi (allative singular)
Pristinanasi (essive singular)
Pristinaksesi (singular translative)
Pristinattasi (abessive singular)
Pristinamme (nominative singular)
Pristinamme (accusative nominative singular)
Pristinamme (accusative genitive singular)
Pristinamme (genitive singular)
Pristinaamme (partitive singular)
Pristinassamme (inessive singular)
Pristinastamme (elative singular)
Pristinaamme (illative singular)
Pristinallamme (adessive singular)
Pristinaltamme (ablative singular)
Pristinallemme (allative singular)
Pristinanamme (essive singular)
Pristinaksemme (singular translative)
Pristinattamme (abessive singular)
Pristinanne (nominative singular)
Pristinanne (accusative nominative singular)
Pristinanne (accusative genitive singular)
Pristinanne (genitive singular)
Pristinaanne (partitive singular)
Pristinassanne (inessive singular)
Pristinastanne (elative singular)
Pristinaanne (illative singular)
Pristinallanne (adessive singular)
Pristinaltanne (ablative singular)
Pristinallenne (allative singular)
Pristinananne (essive singular)
Pristinaksenne (singular translative)
Pristinattanne (abessive singular)
Pristinansa (nominative singular)
Pristinansa (accusative nominative singular)
Pristinansa (accusative genitive singular)
Pristinansa (genitive singular)
Pristinaansa (partitive singular)
Pristinassaan (inessive singular)
Pristinassansa (inessive singular)
Pristinastaan (elative singular)
Pristinastansa (elative singular)
Pristinaansa (illative singular)
Pristinallaan (adessive singular)
Pristinallansa (adessive singular)
Pristinaltaan (ablative singular)
Pristinaltansa (ablative singular)
Pristinalleen (allative singular)
Pristinallensa (allative singular)
Pristinanaan (essive singular)
Pristinanansa (essive singular)
Pristinakseen (singular translative)
Pristinaksensa (singular translative)
Pristinattaan (abessive singular)
Pristinattansa (abessive singular)


Приштина

mk-proper noun

Приштина • (Priština) f (relational adjective приштински)

Priština (romanization)
приштински (adjective relational)

Priština (the capital city of Kosovo, a partially recognised country in the Balkans, considered by Serbia, to be one of its two autonomous provinces)


Приштина

ru-proper noun+

При́штина • (Príština) f inan (genitive При́штины)

При́штина (canonical)
Príština (romanization)
При́штины (genitive)
При́штина (nominative singular)
При́штины (genitive singular)
При́штине (dative singular)
При́штину (accusative singular)
При́штиной (instrumental singular)
При́штиною (instrumental singular)
При́штине (prepositional singular)


Приштина

Прѝштина (canonical feminine)
Prìština (romanization)
Приштина (nominative singular)
Приштине (genitive singular)
Приштини (dative singular)
Приштину (accusative singular)
Приштино (singular vocative)
Приштини (locative singular)
Приштином (instrumental singular)


Приштина

uk-proper noun

При́штина<sg>

При́штина • (Prýštyna) f inan (genitive При́штини, uncountable)

При́штина (canonical)
Prýštyna (romanization)
При́штини (genitive)
При́штина (nominative singular)
При́штини (genitive singular)
При́штині (dative singular)
При́штину (accusative singular)
При́штиною (instrumental singular)
При́штині (locative singular)
При́штино (singular vocative)

uk-ndecl

При́штина<sg>


Brusel

cs-proper noun

Brusel m inan (relational adjective bruselský, demonym Bruselan, female demonym Bruselanka)

bruselský (adjective relational)
Bruselan (demonym)
Bruselanka (demonym feminine)
Brusel (nominative singular)
Bruselu (genitive singular)
Bruselu (dative singular)
Brusel (accusative singular)
Brusele (singular vocative)
Bruselu (locative singular)
Bruselem (instrumental singular)

do Bruselu


Brusel

sk-proper noun

Brusel m inan (genitive singular Brusela, declension pattern of dub)

Brusela (genitive singular)
dub (declension-pattern-of)
Brusel (nominative singular-only)
Brusela (genitive singular-only)
Bruselu (dative singular-only)
Brusel (accusative singular-only)
Brusele (locative singular-only)
Bruselom (instrumental singular-only)


ວຽງຈັນ

→ Chinese:

Cantonese: 永珍 (wing⁵ zan¹)

desc

Mandarin: 萬象 /万象 (Wànxiàng), 永珍 (Yǒngzhēn)

→ English: Viangchan

desctree

→ French: Vientiane
→ Arabic: فِيَانْتِيَان (fiyāntiyān), فِيِينْتِيَان (fiyīntiyān)
→ Czech: Vientiane
→ English: Vientiane
→ Finnish: Vientiane
→ German: Vientiane
→ Japanese: ヴィエンチャン (Vienchan)
→ Korean: 비엔티안 (Bientian)
→ Polish: Wientian
→ Portuguese: Vienciana, Vientiane
→ Russian: Вьентьян (Vʹjentʹjan)
→ Ukrainian: В'єнтьян (Vʺjentʹjan)

→ Vietnamese: Viêng Chăn

[ʋiːə̯ŋ˧˥.t͡ɕan˩(˧)]

[ʋiːə̯ŋ˩˨.t͡ɕan˩˨]

From ວຽງ (wīang) + ຈັນ (chan, “sandalwood”).

ນະຄອນ ນະຄອນ#Lao

ຫຼວງ ຫຼວງ#Lao

(ນະຄອນຫຼວງ~) Vientiane (the capital city of Laos)


Londyn

pl-prop

Londyn m inan (related adjective londyński)

londyński (adjective)
Londyn (nominative singular)
Londynu (genitive singular)
Londynowi (dative singular)
Londyn (accusative singular)
Londynem (instrumental singular)
Londynie (locative singular)
Londynie (singular vocative)

London (the capital and largest city of the United Kingdom)

London (the capital and largest city of England, United Kingdom)


Rzym

Rzym (nominative singular)
Rzymu (genitive singular)
Rzymowi (dative singular)
Rzym (accusative singular)
Rzymem (instrumental singular)
Rzymie (locative singular)
Rzymie (singular vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish Rzym. For similar religious borrowings, compare Żyd (“Jew”), krzyż (“cross”).


Pekin

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


Pekin

Pekin (nominative singular)
Pekinu (genitive singular)
Pekinowi (dative singular)
Pekin (accusative singular)
Pekinem (instrumental singular)
Pekinie (locative singular)
Pekinie (singular vocative)


Lizbona

lizboński (adjective)
Lizbona (nominative singular)
Lizbony (genitive singular)
Lizbonie (dative singular)
Lizbonę (accusative singular)
Lizboną (instrumental singular)
Lizbonie (locative singular)
Lizbono (singular vocative)

Lisbon (a port city on the Iberian Peninsula, at the mouth of the Tagus River on the Atlantic Ocean; capital city of Portugal)


Lizbona

Lizbọ̑na (canonical feminine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
Lizbóna (nominative singular)
Lizbóne (genitive singular)
Lizbóni (dative singular)
Lizbóno (accusative singular)
Lizbóni (locative singular)
Lizbóno (instrumental singular)


Athene

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀθήνη (Athḗnē) and Ἀθῆναι (Athênai).


Athén

Athén (nominative singular)
Athént (accusative singular)
Athénnak (dative singular)
Athénnal (instrumental singular)
Athénért (causal-final singular)
Athénná (singular translative)
Athénig (singular terminative)
Athénként (essive-formal singular)
Athénban (inessive singular)
Athénon (singular superessive)
Athénnál (adessive singular)
Athénba (illative singular)
Athénra (singular sublative)
Athénhoz (allative singular)
Athénból (elative singular)
Athénról (delative singular)
Athéntól (ablative singular)
Athéné (singular)
Athénéi (singular)
Athénom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Athénod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Athénja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Athénunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Athénotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Athénjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)


Atenas

[ʔɐˈt̪ɛː.n̪ɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish Atenas (“Athens”).


Boedapest

From Hungarian Budapest, from Buda + Pest.


Budapeszt

Budapeszt m inan (related adjective budapeszteński)

budapeszteński (adjective)
Budapeszt (nominative singular)
Budapesztu (genitive singular)
Budapesztowi (dative singular)
Budapeszt (accusative singular)
Budapesztem (instrumental singular)
Budapeszcie (locative singular)
Budapeszcie (singular vocative)

Budapest (the capital and largest city of Hungary)


เวียงจันทน์

th-proper noun

เวียงจันทน์ • (wiiang-jan)

From เวียง (wiiang, “polity, as city or town, especially one that is walled or fortified”) + จันทน์ (jan, “sandalwood”). Compare Lao ວຽງຈັນທນ໌ (wīang chan than), archaic spelling of ວຽງຈັນ (wīang chan).


בוגוטה

he-proper noun

בּוֹגוֹטָה • (Bogota)


ຮ່າໂນຍ

lo-proper noun

ຮ່າໂນຍ • (hā nōi)


Vindobona

la-proper noun

Vindobona f sg (genitive Vindobonae); first declension

Vindobonae (genitive)
Vindobona (nominative singular)
Vindobonae (genitive singular)
Vindobonae (dative singular)
Vindobonam (accusative singular)
Vindobonā (ablative singular)
Vindobona (singular vocative)
Vindobonae (locative singular)
Vendobona (alternative)

[u̯ɪn̪ˈd̪ɔbɔnä]

Borrowed from Gaulish *Windobona, probably from *windos (“white”) and *bona (“base”); see Vindobona and Vienna for more.


Viena

Viena (nominative)
Vienos (genitive)
Vienai (dative)
Vieną (accusative)
Viena (instrumental)
Vienoje (locative)
Viena (vocative)


Viena

Borrowed from Italian Vienna or French Vienne, from Latin Vindobona, ultimately from Celtic. Replaced earlier Beci, Beciu, borrowed from Hungarian Bécs.


Viena

Borrowed from Old French Vienne, from Old High German [Term?]. Perhaps, ultimately, from Latin Vindobona.


Roma

A city on the Tiber River on the Italian peninsula; ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of Italy; capital city of the region of Lazio.


Roma

→ Burmese: ရောမ (rau:ma.)

q

perhaps via Portuguese <i class="Latn mention" lang="pt">Roma</i>

→ Japanese: ローマ (Rōma) (perhaps via Portuguese Roma)

→ Korean: 로마 (roma)


Roma

la-proper noun

Rōma f sg (genitive Rōmae); first declension

Rōma (canonical feminine singular)
Rōmae (genitive)
Rōma (nominative singular)
Rōmae (genitive singular)
Rōmae (dative singular)
Rōmam (accusative singular)
Rōmā (ablative singular)
Rōma (singular vocative)
Rōmae (locative singular)
R (alternative)

desctree

Italian: Roma
→ Burmese: ရောမ (rau:ma.)
→ Japanese: ローマ (Rōma) (perhaps via Portuguese Roma)
→ Korean: 로마 (roma)

Old French: Rome, Rume, Rumme (Anglo-Norman)
French: Rome
→ Guianese Creole: Ròm
→ Haitian Creole: Wòm
→ Persian: رم (rom)
→ Lao: ໂຣມ (rōm)
Norman: Rome
Picard: Rome
Walloon: Rome

Old Occitan:

Occitan: Roma

Catalan: Roma

West Iberian

Old Galician-Portuguese: Roma
Galician: Roma
Portuguese: Roma

Old Spanish: Roma

Spanish: Roma

Sicilian: Ruma, Roma

Borrowings

→ Ancient Greek: Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē)
Greek: Ρώμη (Rómi)
→ Arabic: رُومِية (rūmiya)
→ Aramaic: רומא
Classical Syriac: ܪܘܡܐ (Rōmāʾ, Rōmēʾ)
→ Old Armenian: Հռովմ (Hṙovm), Հռոմ (Hṙom)
Armenian: Հռոմ (Hṙom)
→ Egyptian: h:r:M-t*t:xAst (hrm)
→ Parthian: (/Frōm/)
Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭐𐭓𐭅𐭌 (prwm)
Manichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (frwm)
→ Sogdian: ("Rome, Byzantium")
Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖 (βrʾwm /Frūm, Frōm/)
Sogdian script: 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (frwm /Frūm/)
→ Old Turkic: 𐰯𐰆𐰺𐰢 (pur¹m /purum/) ("Byzantium, Greek")
→ Chinese: 拂菻 (Fúlǐn) (via Iranian)
→ Middle Persian: (/Hrōm/, “Rome; Byzantine”)
Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hlwm)
Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇𐫖 (hrwm)
Pazend script: 𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬨 (arōm)
Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭩 (ḥlwmy), Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (ḥlwm)
Persian: روم (rum), اروم (orum) (rare, obsolete)
→ Ottoman Turkish: روم (rum)

→ Arabic: روما (rūmā)

→ Proto-Celtic: *Rūmā (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Germanic: *Rūmō (see there for further descendants)

→ Southern Common Slavic: *Rymъ

Proto-Eastern South Slavic: *Rĩmъ

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: Ⱃⰹⰿⱏ (Rimŭ)

Old Cyrillic script: Римъ (Rimŭ)
Bulgarian: Рим (Rim)
Macedonian: Рим (Rim)
→ Old East Slavic: Римъ (Rimŭ)
Old Ruthenian: Римъ (Rim)
Belarusian: Рым (Rym)
Carpathian Rusyn: Рим (Rym)
Ukrainian: Рим (Rym)
Russian: Рим (Rim)
→ Romanian: Râm (obsolete)

Proto-Western South Slavic: *Rĩmъ

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Ри̑м

Latin script: Rȋm

Slovene: Rím (tonal orthography)

→ Old Czech: Řím
Czech: Řím
→ Kashubian: Rzim
→ Old Polish: Rzym
Polish: Rzym
→ Silesian: Rzim
→ Slovak: Rím

→ Mishnaic Hebrew: רומא

Israeli Hebrew: רומא (róma)

desc

→ Middle Persian: [Term?] (/Hrōmāyīg/, “Roman, Greek”)

→ Old Irish: Róm (see there for further descendants)

→ Romanian: Roma

Uncertain.
* Roman mythology derived the name from Rōmulus, name of the legendary founder and first king. This is almost certainly a folk etymology, and the name of the mythical figure is more likely derived from the city name.
* The word may derive from *Roumon- or *Roumen-, an archaic name for the Tiber river that would be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *srew- (“to flow”) (for which compare Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma, “river”) and Στρῡμών (Strūmṓn, “Strymon, Struma”), Albanian rrymë (“stream”), Proto-Slavic *strumy (“stream”), Lithuanian stràuma (“stream”), and perhaps also Latin rūmen). If so, the intermediate source may have been an Indo-European substrate.
* The word may be of Etruscan origin, as 𐌓𐌖𐌌𐌀 (ruma) was one of the Etruscan gentes, from 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum, “teat”). Given the lack of a secure Indo-European etymology for Rōma, this possibility is most appealing.

Ut Roma iugum omnibus terris imponeret.

Venit Roma.

Rome (the ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of modern-day Italy)


Roma

Roma (nominative)
Romos (genitive)
Romai (dative)
Romą (accusative)
Roma (instrumental)
Romoje (locative)
Roma (vocative)


Roma

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese Roma, from Latin Rōma (“Rome”).


Roma

Inherited from Old Spanish Roma, from Latin Rōma.

Los antiguos alcanzaban mayor longevidad, porque eran bautizados con óleos venidos directamente de Roma, que, por cierto, debían tener más virtud y eficacia que los nuestros.

1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 190:


Roma

Roma (nominative singular)
Roma'yı (accusative definite singular)
Roma'ya (dative singular)
Roma'da (locative singular)
Roma'dan (ablative singular)
Roma'nın (genitive singular)

From Ottoman Turkish روما (Roma), from Italian and Latin Roma. Doublet of Rum.


Թբիլիսի

head

Թբիլիսի • (Tʻbilisi)

hy-proper noun

Թբիլիսի • (Tʻbilisi)

Tʻbilisi (romanization)
Թբիլիսի (nominative singular singular-only)
Թբիլիսիի (dative singular singular-only)
Թբիլիսիից (ablative singular singular-only)
Թբիլիսիով (instrumental singular singular-only)
Թբիլիսիում (locative singular singular-only)
Թբիլիսին (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Թբիլիսիին (dative definite singular singular-only)
Թբիլիսիս (first-person nominative possessive singular singular-only)
Թբիլիսիիս (dative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Թբիլիսիիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Թբիլիսիովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular singular-only)
Թբիլիսիումս (first-person locative possessive singular singular-only)
Թբիլիսիդ (nominative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Թբիլիսիիդ (dative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Թբիլիսիիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Թբիլիսիովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Թբիլիսիումդ (locative possessive second-person singular singular-only)

hy-decl-noun-unc

Թբիլիսիները/Թբիլիսիներն

Թբիլիսիներին

Թբիլիսիներից

Թբիլիսիներով

Թբիլիսիներում

Թբիլիսիներիս

Թբիլիսիներիցս

Թբիլիսիներովս

Թբիլիսիներումս

Թբիլիսիներիդ

Թբիլիսիներիցդ

Թբիլիսիներովդ

Թբիլիսիներումդ

Tbilisi (the capital city of the country of Georgia)


Абу-Даби

Kazakh alphabets#Arabic script
Kazakh alphabets#Cyrillic script
Kazakh alphabets#Latin script
Yañalif
kk:Абу-Даби

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; capital city of Abu Dhabi emirate, United Arab Emirates)


Абу-Даби

ru-proper noun

Абу-Да́би • (Abu-Dábi) m inan (indeclinable)

Абу-Да́би (canonical)
Abu-Dábi (romanization)


Բաքու

head

Բաքու • (Bakʻu)

hy-proper noun

Բաքու • (Bakʻu)

Bakʻu (romanization)
Բաքու (nominative singular singular-only)
Բաքվի (dative singular singular-only)
Բաքվից (ablative singular singular-only)
Բաքվով (instrumental singular singular-only)
Բաքվում (locative singular singular-only)
Բաքուն (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Բաքվին (dative definite singular singular-only)
Բաքուս (first-person nominative possessive singular singular-only)
Բաքվիս (dative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Բաքվիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Բաքվովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular singular-only)
Բաքվումս (first-person locative possessive singular singular-only)
Բաքուդ (nominative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Բաքվիդ (dative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Բաքվիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Բաքվովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Բաքվումդ (locative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Բագու (alternative)
Պաքու (alternative)

hy-decl-noun-unc

Բաքուները/Բաքուներն

Բաքուներումս

Բաքուներումդ


باکو

head

باکو • (bâku)

fa-proper noun

باکو • (bâku)

→ Georgian: ბაქო (bako)


باکو

باکُو (canonical)
bākū (romanization)
बाकू (Hindi)


Баку

mk-proper noun

Баку • (Baku) n (relational adjective бакујски)


Баку

ru-proper noun

Баку́ • (Bakú) m inan (indeclinable, relational adjective баки́нский)

Баку́ (canonical)
Bakú (romanization)
баки́нский (adjective relational)

боку́ (bokú)

— Кака́я гости́ница в Баку́ са́мая лу́чшая?
— На́ша, — с досто́инством отве́тил портье́.

2012, Борис Акунин [Boris Akunin], “Самый восточный город Запада”, in Чёрный город, Москва: Захаров; English translation from The Black City, (Please provide a date or year):

— Kakája gostínica v Bakú sámaja lúčšaja?
— Náša, — s dostóinstvom otvétil portʹjé.


Баку

Ба̀ку (canonical masculine)
Bàku (romanization)


Баку

uk-proper noun

Баку́ • (Bakú) n inan (indeclinable, relational adjective баки́нський)

Баку́ (canonical)
Bakú (romanization)
баки́нський (adjective relational)


Erevan

Èrevān (canonical masculine)
Ѐрева̄н (Cyrillic)
Èrevān (nominative singular)
Erevána (genitive singular)
Erevanu (dative singular)
Erevan (accusative singular)
Erevane (singular vocative)
Erevanu (locative singular)
Erevanom (instrumental singular)