巴塘

/pä⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/pä⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan འབའ་ཐང ('ba' thang).

(～縣) Batang (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


瀘定

/lou̯²¹ tɪŋ²²/

/lou̯²¹ tɪŋ²²/

(～縣) Luding (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


永嘉

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ kaː⁵⁵/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ kaː⁵⁵/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

(～縣) Yongjia (a county of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


上思

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² siː⁵⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²² siː⁵⁵/

(～縣) Shangsi (a county of Fangchenggang, Guangxi, China)


麥蓋提

/maɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/mɐk̚² kɔːi̯³³ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/maɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ kaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/mɐk̚² kɔːi̯³³ tʰɐi̯²¹/

(～縣) Makit, Maigaiti (a county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


平南

/pʰiŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ naːm²¹/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ naːm²¹/

(～縣) Pingnan (a county of Guigang, Guangxi, China)


陸川

/lu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/lʊk̚² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/lu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/lʊk̚² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Luchuan (a county of Yulin, Guangxi, China)


Makit

Ecstatic traditional music and dance of the Dolan people from Makit County, Xinjiang. The Dolan musicians will not only treat the audience to Dolan muqam and Dolan folk songs, but also jam with guest musician Mamer in a ground-breaking session that will explore the traditional-improvised music of Xinjiang.

2006 November 10, “The Soul of Dolan”, in Beijing Today, number 284, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 24, column 3:

The residential zone in the seat of Kashgar’s Makit (in Chinese, Maigaiti) county permits detainees to live with their families, but otherwise differs little from the camps where authorities are believed to have held 1.8 million people since April 2017, a source in the region told RFA.

2020 August 4, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Xinjiang Authorities Relocate Camp Detainees to Restricted-Access ‘Residential Area’”, in Mamatjan Juma, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2020-08-05:

A county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


元陽

/ɥɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Yuanyang (a county of Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


文水

/wən³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐn²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/wən³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐn²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

(～縣) Wenshui (a county of Lüliang, Shanxi, China)


Xiapu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 霞浦 (Xiápǔ).

Mr. Hubbard refers to the growth among the Christians at Sharp Peak. Three were received to the Hapuo church on May 12, and the chapel is opened every evening for preaching.

[1889 August, “Foochow Mission. THE RELIGIOUS AWAKENING.”, in The Missionary Herald, volume LXXXV, number VIII, →OCLC, page 329:

In order to receive the Taiwan fishermen compatriots, the Fujian Provincial Revolutionary Committee in early 1978 formally established these reception stations at the four fishing ports of Sansha in Xiapu [Hsiapu],[...]The Sansha reception station in Xiapu received 12 Taiwan fishing boats in 1978 and everytime^([sic]) helped repair the boats and engines, provided fuel and drinking water and purchased grain, meat, vegetables and other foods before they departed.

1979, Daily Report: People's Republic of China, numbers 12-22, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Tropical Storm Kalmaegi slammed into China’s southeastern coast on Friday, after killing six people in neighbouring Taiwan.
The weakening storm made landfall in Xiapu county in Fujian province at 6:10 p.m. (1010 GMT), bringing winds of up to 90 kph the official Xinhua news agency said.

2008 July 18, “Weakened typhoon hits China after 6 die in Taiwan”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-04-07:

Inhabitants of four villages in Haidao, Xiapu County, and three villages of Tailu, Lianjiang County, in Fujian Province, China, were included in this cross-sectional study, between July and November 2011.

2018, Zhu Pengli, Yuan Yin, Huang Feng, Huang Qiuxia, Li Qiaowei, “A9461 Associations between gene polymorphisms of the apelin–APJ system and the risk of hypertension”, in Journal of Hypertension, →ISSN, →OCLC:

On July 15, they set sail for Fuzhou. However, they were struck by a storm on July 18 and floated to Sansha, Xiapu County in Fujian Province. There they got the help of local officials.

2019, Jiangyong Liu, The Diaoyu Islands: Facts and Legality, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 378:


巴楚

English: Bachu, Pa-ch'u

/pä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔː³⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔː³⁵/

(～縣) Maralbexi, Bachu (a county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


阿瓦提

/ˀä⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵/

/aː³³ ŋaː¹³ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵/

/aː³³ ŋaː¹³ tʰɐi̯²¹/

(～縣) Awat, Awati (a county of Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


Awat

Shajimuhan Momin, the director of the Yengierik township planning office in Awat county was visiting the family of Reyimjan Sadir to 'propagandise and educate his wife about family planning measures'.

2004, Michael Dillon, Xinjiang: China's Muslim Far Northwest, Routledge, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 121:

The field experiment was carried out in Awat county, located in west edge of Taklimakan desert, XinJiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.

2008, Jurat Matruzi, Mamtimin Geni, Ilham Abdureyim, Xamxinur Abdikerem, “Relationship Between Sand Ripple Moving Speed and Wind Speed under Local Wind Tunnel Experiment by Using Natural Sand in Taklimakan Desert”, in Wei Yang, Mamtimin Geni, Tiejun Wang, Zhuo Zhuang, editors, Advances in Fracture and Materials Behavior: Selected, peer reviewed papers of the Seventh International Conference on Fracture and Strength of Solids, (FEOFS2007), Urumqi, China, August 27-29, 2007, volume 2, Trans Tech Publications Ltd, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1051:

In October 2015, RFA reported that authorities in Awat county, Aksu prefecture, had forced 2 of the 109 Uyghurs forcibly deported from Thailand to participate in a film “as a deterrent to others in the area not to flee the country and seek asylum elsewhere.”

2016 October 6, Congressional-Executive Commission on China, Annual Report 2016, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, archived from the original on 2016-11-10, page 285:

A source recently told RFA that residents of Awat (in Chinese, Awati) county, in the XUAR’s Aksu (Akesu) prefecture, had been informed that an “inspection team” would soon be visiting the area, which is home to three re-education camps.

2018 December 12, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Xinjiang Authorities ‘Preparing’ Re-education Camps Ahead of Expected International Monitors”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2018-12-13:

A county of Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang, China


Yarkant

In 1870, Tsarist troops occupied Guldja in the north-west of the province. The same year, and again in 1873, the British agent Douglas Forsyth led a mission to Yarkant to establish diplomatic relations with Yakub Beg, the feudal warlord of Kashgaria, who was consolidating his rule over the area.

1994, Christa Paula, The Road to Miran, HarperCollins, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 17:

Kishen Singh headed north again in 1873, when he and Nain Singh accompanied British diplomats to the city of Yarkant (now in the Chinese region of Xinjiang Uyghur). The following year, he explored the area south of Yarkant and ventured into the rugged Pamir Mountains of Afghanistan. His greatest achievements, however, was yet to come.

1999, “Singh, Kishen”, in Explorers from Ancient Times to the Space Age, volume 3, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 73:

On the south side of the Taklimakan Desert stands a Central Asian oasis, the edge of a dusty city that was once the centre of a great Buddhist kingdom. As early as the second century A.D., Yarkant (Suoju, Shache, or So-ch'e in Chinese) was responsible for ideas and texts that changed the Chinese empire. These days Yarkant is a market town for low-income Uighurs, Islamic farmers and herders who have lived here for more than a millennium, and a strategic base for China's domestic security forces. With some of the lowest annual incomes in China, these ethnic-minority farmers and herders scratch out a living based on the trickle of moisture that flows from the Kunlun mountain range to the near south. Yarkant is literally wedged in between the outer edge of the Himalayas and a vast desert filled with hidden energy treasure.

2009, Gordon Laird, The Price of a Bargain, McClelland & Stewart, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 195:

A court in the far western region sentenced 12 people to death on Monday for an attack in Xinjiang's southern Yarkant county on July 28, in which the government said 59 "terrorists" were gunned down by security forces, while 37 civilians were killed.

2014 October 15, “China broadcaster says Xinjiang attack mastermind sought Islamic state”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2016-01-08:


英吉沙

→ English: Ying-chi-sha, Yingjisha

/iŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵ saː⁵⁵/

/iŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/jɪŋ⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵ saː⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yengisar, Yingjisha (a county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


烏恰

→ English: Wu-ch'ia, Wuqia

/u⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹/

/wuː⁵⁵ hɐp̚⁵/

/u⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹/

/wuː⁵⁵ hɐp̚⁵/

Shortened from 烏魯克恰提／乌鲁克恰提 (Wūlǔkèqiàtí); from Uyghur ئۇلۇغچات (ulughchat).

zh-l

烏魯克恰提／乌鲁克恰提 (Wūlǔkèqiàtí)

(～縣) Ulugqat, Wuqia (a county of Kizilsu, Xinjiang, China)


Yengisar

On 3 April, Abudure Yimu and Aihaiti Alabai, backbone members of the counterrevolutionary armed rebellion in Baren Township, went to Aigusi Township in Yengisar County to buy horses for battle. They offered a price as high as 2,000 yuan to buy a good horse owned by Danixi in San Village. The horse won several champions during races in Yengisar County.

1990 June 19 [1990 April 23], Shi Jian, Dong Jianshneg, Yusufujiang, Shi Linjie, “Report on the Quelling of the Counterrevolutionary Rebellion in Baren Township”, in Daily Report: China, number 118, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 59, column 2:

Adil (sometimes spelled Ahdili after the Chinese transcription A-di-li Wu-shou-er), like any Chinese hero, endured great hardships to get where he is today. He was born in Yengisar (in the Kashgar district) in 1971 as the sixth generation scion of a family famous for dawaz.

2007, James A. Millward, Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang, London: Hurst & Company, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 357:

An official surnamed Niu in Urumqi who was paired with a Uyghur family in a village in Yengisar county, Kashgar, at the end of 2016, told the Global Times that local villagers welcomed the stay of those "relatives," as they have been in contact for a year.

2018, Zhang Hui, “Xinjiang officials assigned as relatives to Uyghur villagers for ethnic unity campaign”, in Global Times, archived from the original on 2020-02-15:

In Yengisar county, south of Kashgar, one mosque hung a photo of Chinese President Xi Jinping inside its premises, where most posters were dedicated to warning against religious extremism and promoting ethnic harmony.

2019, Eva Xiao, Pak Yiu, “Razed mosques and pervasive surveillance make for a tense Ramadan in China’s Xinjiang”, in Hong Kong Free Press:

In Kashgar, for example, the county of Yengisar warned this year of a “huge shortfall” from spending on security and said that it had accumulated 1 billion renminbi, or about $150 million, in previously undeclared “invisible debt.”

2019 May 22, Chris Buckley, Paul Mozur, Austin Ramzy, Aaron Krolik, “How China Uses High-Tech Surveillance to Subdue Minorities”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-05-22, Asia Pacific:

英吉沙

county in Kashgar, Xinjiang; town in Yengisar, Kashgar, Xinjiang


岳普湖

/ɥɛ⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² pʰou̯³⁵ wuː²¹/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² pʰou̯³⁵ wuː²¹/

(～縣) Yopurga, Yuepuhu (a county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


Yopurga

In Yopurga County, the enrollment and consolidation rates for school-age children are 98 percent, while the rate for the elimination of illiteracy in the 12-to-40 age group exceeds 96 percent. The county has been certified by the People's Autonomous Region Government as Xinjiang’s best county at universalizing elementary education and eliminating illiteracy. Yopurga is one of Xinjiang's poor counties, but it nevertheless jumped to the top in those two areas.

1986 January 24 [1985 August 15], “Reform of Minority Nationality Education Discussed”, in China Report, Political, Sociological and Military Affairs, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, pages 109–110:

The Yopurga district [southeast of Kaxgar] had a grain surplus from the fifties up to the sixties; it was able to transfer 5 to 6 million jin and often as much as 7 million jin of cereals [2,500—3,500 tonnes] to other places. The arable land of the whole district is now completely salinized. Since 1970, this grain surplus district has become a grain deficit district (Chen Hua, 1983b, p. 3).

1987, T. Hoppe, edited by Bernhard Glaeser, Learning from China? Development and Environment in Third World Countries, Allen & Unwin, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 63:

In 2016, the Xinjiang PSB also issued a “Notice to Fully Carry Out the Construction of Three-Dimensional Portraits, Voiceprint and DNA Fingerprint Biometrics Collection System” (关于全面开展三维人像、声纹、DNA指纹生物信息采集系统建设相关工作的通知). But the full document is not publicly available. It is unclear who is targeted for such collection; how this information is to be used, shared, or stored; the rationale behind the collecting; or how one challenges the collection. A separate call for tender issued by the Yopurga County Police Bureau, Kashgar, Xinjiang, cited the “notice” and stated that the biometric collection is part of “stability maintenance.” Regional authorities have revealed little about these new efforts.

2017 May 15, “China: Police DNA Database Threatens Privacy”, in Human Rights Watch, archived from the original on 2017-05-16:

Zhu is an official at the commerce department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. A year ago, she was tasked with assisting the poverty alleviation work in a village under Yopurga County, some 1,500 km away from the regional capital of Urumqi.
Yopurga is located at the western edge of the Taklimakan, the largest desert in China, and local farmers used to grow wheat, cotton and dates.

2019 January 6, “Across China: Potato planting turns desert into land of fortune”, in mmm, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2019-01-06:


易縣

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Yi County (a county of Baoding, Hebei, China)


Haifeng

海豐／海丰 (Hǎifēng)

The special group of Red Guards with strong group consciousness and collective grievances were offspring of regional cadres who were the subject of discrimination and suppression imposed by national leaders and their policy of breaking regionalism. Grievances of this kind have been strong in Kwangtung province. In Haifeng county, for example, the first group of Red Guards was composed of the children of cadres punished by the national leaders in past "anti-provincialism" campaigns. The children wanted revenge and their opponents were the children of northern or outside cadres.

1976, Alan P. L. Liu, Political Culture & Group Conflict in Communist China, Clio Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 68:

Kwangtung produced her own fair share of militarists, including the first Kuomintang governor of the province, Ch’en Chiung-ming of Haifeng county, Wei Pang-p’ing, and Hsu Ch’ung-chih.

1977, Roy, Jr. Hofheinz, The Broken Wave: The Chinese Communist Peasant Movement, 1922-1928, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 115:

A court in southern China has handed out jail terms of up to 10 years to nine people from a Chinese fishing village once seen as a cradle of grassroots democracy after finding them guilty of illegal protests and other charges.[…]
The Haifeng County court said in a statement late on Monday the nine had been jailed for crimes including illegal demonstrations, disturbing traffic and intentionally spreading false information.

2016 December 26, Ben Blanchard, “China jails nine over protests in 'democracy' village”, in Paul Tait, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2016-12-27, World:


伽師

desc

→ English: Jiashi, Chia-shih, Ch'ieh-shih

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

The New Book of Tang mentions a city called 迦師城 in the Kingdom of Shule, during the reign of Pei Amozhi (裴阿摩支) in the Zhenguan era of the Tang dynasty.
The current county was established in 1902 with 伽師 as its name.

(～縣) Payzawat, Jiashi (a county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China)

Kingdom of Shule
New Book of Tang
Zhenguan


Payzawat

Local government officials confirmed for the first time this month that an organized uprising against Chinese rule took place as late as the early 1980s.
Moslem peasants in Payzawat, 100 kilometres east of Kashgar, raided a military armoury and attacked Han Chinese with the stolen weapons. Units of the People's Liberation Army crushed the rebellion, with many deaths, local people from the Moslem Uighur ethnic group said.
Kashgar's vice-mayor Mohamed Emin, a Uighur but a non-Moslem Communist Party member, said a group "bent on destroying ethnic unity" had been responsible.
Payzawat - called Jiashi County by Peking - is closed to foreigners although overseas tour groups now regularly visit Kashgar. Local sources said the rebellion followed riots in Kashgar in 1981 that exploded when a Chinese shopkeeper shot dead a Uighur peasant who had parked a donkey-cart load of manure outside his premises.

1988 May 24, Andrew Roche, “Racial tensions simmer on China's ancient Silk Road”, in Jerusalem Post, volume 56, number 16834, via Internet Archive, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 6:

In the early 1980s, the local people rose up in armed rebellion against the Chinese presence in the regional centre of Payzawat. The Chinese army was called in to put down the uprising and the death toll was high.

1994, Pierre-Antoine Donnet, translated by Tica Broch, Tibet: Survival in Question, Zed Books Ltd, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 134:

According to official Chinese media, Payzawat (Jiashi) has a population of at least 300,000, while Maralbeshi (Bachu) has a population of 260,000. Both counties are 90 percent Uyghur.

2003, “DEATH TOLL RISING FAST IN XINJIANG QUAKE”, in Radio Free Asia:

Emin travelled from Khotan to Payzawat and agreed to combine his forces with those of Temur to launch an attack on Kashgar.

2014, Michael Dillon, Xinjiang and the Expansion of Chinese Communist Power: Kashgar in the Early Twentieth Century, Routledge, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 32:

The women's federation in Payzawat County, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, along with other government bodies there, has undertaken multiple means to help underprivileged women from ethnic minorities start up their own businesses or find employment in their hometowns in recent years.

2016, Wang Jiangpin, “Multiple Efforts Introduced to Help Ethnic Women in Start-ups and Employment”, in Hewater Liu, editor, All-China Women's Federation, archived from the original on 2020-03-21:

A 5.4-magnitude earthquake hit Payzawat County of Kashgar Prefecture in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region at 00:05 a.m. Saturday (Beijing Time), according to the China Earthquake Networks Center (CENC).

2020 January 18, “5.4-magnitude earthquake hits Xinjiang: CENC”, in yan, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2020-03-21:


澤普

→ English: Tse-p'u, Zepu

/t͡sɤ³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɤ³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～縣) Poskam, Zepu (a county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


葉城

→ English: Yecheng, Yeh-ch'eng

/jɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jiːp̚² sɪŋ²¹/

/jɛ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jiːp̚² sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Kargilik, Yecheng (a county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


Kargilik

At present, a 1 360-km drifting route by raft from the Yarkant Bridge of Yecheng (Kargilik) to the Daxihaizi reservoir of Wensu County has been opened.

1997, Travelling around Xinjiang: A Land of Enchantment, Beijing: Science Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 155, column 3:

While over 90 percent of Kargilik's 500,000-strong population are Uygurs, Manas, regarded as the western gateway to Urumqi, has a Han majority. Memet had met few Han people in Kargilik. In Manas, he made friends with the community easily, despite the fear mongering in the past that the Han were taking over Uygur jobs. "My Han friends ask me to dinner during the Spring Festival," Memet told Beijing Review.

2017 February 23, Li Fangfang, “Opportunity in Diversity”, in Beijing Review, archived from the original on 2017-02-22:

Kargilik mosque — all gone
Satellite images taken in September 2018 and April 2019 appear to show that a mosque in Kargilik county, southwest Xinjiang, had been demolished completely. The two structures in the red box serve as location markers for the before and after images.

2019, Alexandra Ma, “Before-and-after photos show how China is destroying historical sites to monitor and intimidate its Muslim minority”, in Business Insider, archived from the original on 2019-04-28:

Zhu arrived in Xinjiang in 1975 as a “sent-down youth,” part of a Communist Party initiative that sent educated urban youths to live in the countryside to further China’s Maoist revolution. A member of China’s Han ethnic majority, he was 17 when he departed prosperous Jiangsu province on China’s east coast for Kargilik, a remote county amid the deserts and steppes of China’s far northwest. Uighurs, the region’s largest ethnic group, had long chafed under official discrimination and economic marginalization under Beijing.

2019 November 24, Sasha Chavkin, “Xinjiang’s Architect Of Mass Detention: Zhu Hailun”, in International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, archived from the original on 2019-11-24:


Pingtan

Although some Fuqin City residents have managed to go to the United States illegally, most have chosen to go to Japan, also illegally (Gu 1993). The other sending community is Pingtan County, located east of Fuqin City. Many of its residents have illegally immigrated to Taiwan, which is only about seventy sea miles away (Chang 1995).

1999, Ko-lin Chin, Smuggled Chinese: Clandestine Immigration to the United States, Philadelphia: Temple University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 13:

China held live-fire military drills in the Taiwan Strait on Saturday as U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi prepared to arrive in Asia. The exercises took place off the coast of Fujian province opposite Taiwan. A warning issued by the local maritime safety agency said the drills would be conducted near Pingtan, a county about 80 miles from Hsinchu city across the strait in northwestern Taiwan.

2022 July 30, “A roundup of news from around the world.”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-01, National:


Tancheng

From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 郯城.

SHANGHAI, (AP) An inspired Chinese army claimed capture of Matowchen, walled town four miles northwest of Tancheng, as continued “rapid progress” was reported today in erasing the second big Japanese offensive in South Shantung province.
Matowchen was considered by Chinese commanders the key to Tancheng, which had become the southernmost point of the Japanese advance toward the Lunghai railway, 15 miles away.

1938 May 5, “Chinese Continue Rout of Invaders”, in Santa Ana Journal, volume 4, number 4, Santa Ana, California, →OCLC, page 1:

In the past diamonds had sometimes been found along the border between Linshu and Tancheng counties. Years ago before liberation Wei’s two brothers had picked up two small ones and a peasant in Tancheng county had found one. But these had been seized by the puppet village heads and had fallen into the hands of the Japanese invaders.

1978 November, “A Great Diamond”, in China Reconstructs, volume XXVII, number 11, →OCLC, page 36, columns 1, 2:

Then following a lull in January, incidents picked up again after the Chinese New Year, spreading south to Tancheng and further east to Fei county.

1987, Joseph W. Esherick, The Origins of the Boxer Uprising, University of California Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 188:


يېڭىسار

→ Chinese: 英吉沙 (Yīngjíshā)

→ English: Yengisar


Poskam

There was once, long, long ago, a very old man who was a saint, and whom everyone revered. He lived in a little shop and made, better than anyone, chereks, which are fine Chinese boots of a special shape of which he has left the secret, and which are only made in Poskam.

1909, Henry de Bouillane de Lacoste, translated by J. G. Anderson, Around Afghanistan, London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd., →OCLC, →OL, page 106:

Poskam (Zepu) County is 30 km to the east of Yarkand and is the petroleum and natural gas producing hub of southern Xinjiang. The Tajik Ethnic village in Poskam County consists of a few smaller settlements scattered around the Boyluq area.

2019, Dagikhudo Dagiev, Carole Faucher, editors, Identity, History and Trans-Nationality in Central Asia (Central Asian Studies Series), →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL:

Subtype ST3 was dominant in most of the counties surveyed, with ST1 appearing to be the predominant subtype in the Lop county and only ST1 being identified in the Poskam county (Table 1).

2020, Meng Qi et al., “Genetic diversity of Blastocystis in kindergarten children in southern Xinjiang, China”, in Parasites & Vectors, volume 13, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

In an article posted in 2018 on the Chinese social media platform WeChat, Behtiyar Ablimit, a committee member of the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Poskam county in southern Xinjiang, attested to the government’s proscription of nikah, while contradicting Chinese official statements, which often emphasize that the religious rights of Uighurs are “fully respected” in Xinjiang.

2020 October 2, Asim Kashgarian, “Uighur Couple, Official’s Article Confirm China’s Ban on Islamic Marriage Vow”, in Voice of America, archived from the original on 2020-10-05:

A county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China


沙雅

/ʂä⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saː⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³/

/ʂä⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saː⁵⁵ ŋaː¹³/

(～縣) Xayar, Shayar, Shaya (a county of Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


Xayar

The copper seal of the Qiang elders was unearthed at Sheket in Xayar County in 1958.

1989, 郑平 [Zheng Ping], 洛安吉 [Luo Anji], transl., 新疆风物志 [Xinjiang: the Land and the People], Beijing: New World Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 150:

Akkum slope zone: Luntai fracture is this zone's northern boundary. It extends south to near Tarim He and the western boundary is near Xayar County.

1990 May 21, Kang Yuzhu, “Results of Hydrocarbon Exploration in Tarim Basin”, in JPRS Report Science and Technology China: Energy, page 26:

Figure 2 illustrates a series of temperatures at Xayar, southern Xinjiang that was reconstructed using a correlation between temperature and a tree ring index. Compared with the average temperature in the last 170 years, the temperature was lower from early this century to the 1920s. It has increased since the late 1920s.

1994, Zhang Guoan, Yang Qing, Jiao Jian, Su Minggang, “Climatic Change and Its Environmental Effects During This Century in Xinjiang, China”, in Richard G. Zepp, editor, Climate-Biosphere Interactions: Biogenic Emissions and Environmental Effects of Climate Change, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 281:

Internet cafes in Aksu prefecture's Shayar county are frequented by young men from the mostly Muslim Uyghur ethnic group. But the cafes are staffed by Chinese workers who mistreat their clientele, Uyghurs there said.

[2009 February 6, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Ethnic Tensions in Xinjiang’s Internet Cafes”, in Shohret Hoshur, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2009-04-23:

Xayar County is located in the Ugen River Basin which is one of the branches of the Tarim River.

2014, C.A. Brebbia, H. Bjornlund, editors, Sustainable Irrigation and Drainage V: Management, Technologies and Policies, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 4:

Xinjiang Xayar Prison is located in Xayar County, Aksu District, Southern Xinjiang, which is about 1,130 kilometers away from Urumqi.

2019, Han Lianchao, Cotton: The Fabric Full of Lies, Citizen Power Initiatives for China, page 42:


定日

/tiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/tɪŋ²² jɐt̚²/

/tiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/tɪŋ²² jɐt̚²/

Borrowed from Tibetan དིང་རི་ (ding ri).

(～縣) Tingri (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


柯坪

→ English: Keping, K'o-p'ing

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/ɔː⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/ɔː⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Kalpin, Kelpin, Keping (a county of Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


Kalpin

Chinese authorities in the restive far western region of Xinjiang have demolished a mosque for refusing to put up signs in support of this August's Beijing Olympics, an exiled group said on Monday.
The mosque was in Kalpin county near Aksu city in Xinjiang's rugged southwest, the World Uyghur Congress said.

2008 June 23, Ben Blanchard, “China demolishes mosque for not supporting Olympics: group”, in Nick Macfie, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2016-04-04, World:

A quake hit the juncture of Kalpin and Akqi counties, in [the] Tianshan Mountains, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, late Friday, Feb 20, 2009, affecting more than 14,800 people.

2009 February 25, “Quakeproof houses in NW China prove stable”, in Sina Corp, archived from the original on 2009-03-02:

Strain TRM 45387T was isolated from a saline-alkali soil collected from Kalpin county, Xinjiang Province, north-west China (40° 22′ N 79° 08′ E).

2015, Ling-Ling Lv, Yue-Feng Zhang, Li-Li Zhang, “Glycomyces tarimensis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from a saline-alkali habitat”, in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, volume 65, number 5, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Another company with ties to U.S. businesses is Xinjiang Nuodun Garment, which has made several shipments of men’s and women’s trousers to four companies in the U.S. The supplier was founded in July 2017, a few months after the re-education policy kicked off, and is based in Kalpin county, Aksu prefecture.

2019 November 16, Juozapas Bagdonas, “Tracking Down the Fruits of Xinjiang’s Forced Labor Industry”, in The Diplomat, archived from the original on 2019-11-16:


烏什

/wuː⁵⁵ sɐp̚²/

/wuː⁵⁵ sɐp̚²/

(～縣) Uqturpan, Uchturpan, Wushi (a county of Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


Uqturpan

I met Yao Jichen of the county cultural hall, who had gone west along this road and discovered a beacon tower of Han times at a spot near Bedel Mountain Pass fifty kilometers west of Wushi (Uqturpan) County.

1989, Che Muqi (车慕奇), 丝绸之路今昔 [The Silk Road, Past and Present], Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 235:

Students from ethnic minorities give the Young Pioneer's salute to their teacher (right) at a primary school in Uqturpan county, Xinjiang on May 3, 2012.

2017, Alan Taylor, “Scenes From Xinjiang”, in The Atlantic, archived from the original on 2017-05-08:

No casualties or economic loss have been reported after a 5.0-magnitude earthquake hit Uqturpan County of Aksu Prefecture, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region at 1:29 p.m. Sunday.

2019 October 27, “No casualties reported in Xinjiang earthquake”, in Li Xia, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2021-09-30:


溫宿

/wɐn⁵⁵ sʊk̚⁵/

/wɐn⁵⁵ sʊk̚⁵/

First attested in the Book of Han. Compare Uyghur ئونسۇ (onsu).

(～縣) Onsu, Wensu (a county of Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


Onsu

Qirmish Ata Mazar is located in a mountain valley 61 km west of Onsu county town, in Aqsu prefecture.

2007, Ildikó Bellér-Hann, editor, Situating the Uyghurs Between China and Central Asia, Ashgate, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 159:

The Wensu (Onsu) county government in Aqsu district reported taking steps to monitor returnees from pilgrimages in order to “place them in the ‘line of vision’ of the government and Party committee” and “understand” the activities they participated in while abroad.

2009 October 10, “Human Rights”, in Congressional-Executive Commission on China Annual Report 2009, Congressional-Executive Commission on China, page 130:

In December 1994, Abudumijit Muhammatkelim organized a terrorist group with himself as the head, which plotted acts of violence and terror with purchased and homemade weapons and ammunition. He directed his followers to commit a robbery on February 10, 1996, in Onsu County of Xinjiang, which involved the gun killing of two policemen and a herdsman.

2010, J. Todd Reed, Diana Raschke, The ETIM: China's Islamic Militants and the Global Terrorist Threat, Praeger, →OCLC, page 149:

Units of the 5th Division of the 2nd Army also marched in from Yanqi, and, on 29 December 1949, arrived in Onsu (Wensu) County in Aksu Prefecture.

2014, Michael Dillon, Xinjiang and the Expansion of Chinese Communist Power: Kashgar in the Early Twentieth Century, Routledge, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 197:

On Aug. 20, our hosts sent us to the city of Aksu to visit the Onsu County Vocational Skills Training Center. Here we were supposed to meet the “extremists and terrorists” whom China was “deradicalizing.”

2019, Olsi Jazexhi, “What can the Muslim world do to save the Uighurs and Islam in China?”, in Daily Sabah:


Maralbexi

The highest GFAO per agricultural capita, namely 3,391.3 RMB, was found for Bachu (Maralbexi), which is also the largest cotton producer of Kashgar (though just slightly larger than Shache).

2009, Max Spoor, Shi Xiaoping, “Cotton and Rural Income Development in Xinjiang”, in Max Spoor, editor, The Political Economy of Rural Livelihoods in Transition Economies: Land, peasants and rural poverty in transition, Routledge, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 238:

Three “community workers” were patrolling a neighbourhood of Bachu County, known as Maralbexi by Uighurs, in Kashgar after a tip-off that there were “suspicious people” in a private house, Hou said.

2013 April 24, “"Terrorist" axe, knife and arson attack kills 21 in China's Xinjiang”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2020-12-18:

In April 2013 in Bachu County (or Maralbexi County), 15 officials were reportedly killed. State media reported that the authorities killed 6 alleged attackers, captured 8, and apprehended 11 more later.

2015 November 23, “China: Allow Independent Investigations Into Xinjiang Violence”, in Human Rights Watch, archived from the original on 2020-09-12:

On the other hand, after the 2012 farm market incident in Kargilik, in October 2014, another random attack happened in a farm market in Maralbexi County, Xinjiang, causing 22 deaths.

2017, Scott Nicholas Romaniuk, Francis Grice, Daniela Irrera, editors, The Palgrave Handbook of Global Counterterrorism Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 672:


日土

/ʐ̩⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐt̚² tʰou̯³⁵/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐt̚² tʰou̯³⁵/

(～縣) Rutog, Ritu (a county of Ngari prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


改則

/kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/kɔːi̯³⁵ t͡sɐk̚⁵/

/kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/kɔːi̯³⁵ t͡sɐk̚⁵/

(～縣) Gêrzê, Gaize (a county of Ngari prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


Rutog

We obtained total livestock numbers for all eight xiangs in Gerze County that use the reserve but not the numbers of sheep, goats, yaks, and horses for three of these xiangs; we also lack data for a few xiangs in Rutog County, in the western tip of the reserve, and in Amdo County, at the eastern end (table 15.2).

1998, George B. Schaller, Wildlife of the Tibetan Steppe, University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 305:

Bird Islet is located on Pangong Tso Lake in Rutog County in the north of Ngari Prefecture. The lake is 4,242 meters above sea level and is called "Com Ngangla Renbo" in Tibetan, meaning "beautiful, long and narrow lake."

2005, 成卫东 [Cheng Weidong], 雪域寻梦 [Dreams of Snow Land], Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 273:

On July 17, a glacier in Rutog county in western Tibet suddenly slid, causing one of the largest ice avalanches ever documented. About 3,500 cubic feet of ice and rocks cascaded through a narrow valley, killing nine herders along with more than 350 sheep and 110 yaks in the remote village of Dungru.

2016 September 8, Kata Karáth, “Climate change could be to blame for an unusual avalanche in Tibet that can be seen from space”, in Quartz, archived from the original on 2016-09-09:

A county of Ngari prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.


Gêrzê

Also in Totalashan of Rutog and the area to the north of Gêrzê of Tibet there appear corals with dissepiment like Polythecalis, Chusenophyllum and Wentzellophyllum.

1992, The Paleoclimate of China, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 63:

Gerzê is really the end of the world. It is situated in the middle of an empty desert, and I can't imagine why anyone ever stopped to build a town here. Except for a few nondescript Chinese concrete buildings, all the walls and houses are made from mud bricks and everything— the houses, the road, even the surrounding countryside—is the same light brown color. Beyond the town, emptiness stretches to the horizon.

[1992, Jim Reynolds, The Outer Path: Finding my way in Tibet, Sunnyvale, Cali.: Fair Oaks Publishing, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 90:

Ge Yi was from Chabug Village in Gêrzê County. Before he became Party branch secretary of Nuxtiu Village, his family had more than 400 sheep and 100 yak, making them one of the wealthy families in the village.

2012, Du Wenjuan, Tales from Tibet, →ISBN, →OCLC, page https://books.google.com/books?id=NKmUDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT296&lpg=PT296:

The Upper Carboniferous Zhanjin Formation has attracted much attention from geoscientists for containing glacial–marine diamictite and cold‐water fauna typified by the bivalve Eurydesma. The presence of this Formation has provided important evidence for determining the northern border of Gondwana. Previous researchers have classified those strata north of Niangrong Co in the Gêrzê region as part of the Zhanjin Formation based on the presence of glacial–marine diamictite, although the absence of biological fossil evidence has defied clear age determination.

2015 October 24, Luo Shenglong, Wang Genhou, Gao Jinhan, Wang Xunlian, Xiao Hongji, “Age of the Purported Zhanjin Formation in Gêrzê County, Tibet: A New Understanding and Its Significance”, in Acta Geologica Sinica, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-01-26:


屏山

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Pingshan (a county of Yibin, Sichuan, China)


象山

→ Zhuang: Siengsanh

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² saːn⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² saːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Xiangshan (a county of Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)


Toksun

As shown by the map, this hill range, known over different sections by varying local names such as Tuz-tagh or Kawan-tagh, stretches with a general east-to-west direction along the whole length of the depression from the Pichan oasis to north of Toksun.

1933, Aurel Stein, Note on a Map of the Turfan Basin, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 240:

The Tungans fled towards Toksun, while the government troops stormed Turfan, which our convoy had left a few days before.

1936, Sven Hedin, The Flight of "Big Horse": The Trail of War in Central Asia, E. P. Dutton, →OCLC, page 15:

Karez in Xinjiang has a long history. Karez in Toksun County today has a history of more than 300 years. The karez in Shanshan County dates back to 400-plus years ago. In recent years, an ancient karez was unearthed in Turpan, which is over 100 m long, with 7 vertical wells. It has a history of 1 500 years.

1997, “Impressions on Fire Land”, in Travelling around Xinjiang: A Land of Enchantment, Beijing: Science Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 198, columns 2, 3:

The two hottest places in China on Monday were Linxian in Shanxi province, and Toksun county in the Xinjiang region, which both saw temperatures of 42 degrees.

2017, Kinling Lo, “Hot ways to chill: China’s heat wave inspires creative thinking among sweltering locals”, in South China Morning Post:

Zhou Bangyu, an official from Hunan Province in central China, helped Yiburanyim Abulza, a poor villager in Toksun County sell 800 kilograms of dried grapes in two weeks.

2018, “China Focus: Industry plays big role in poverty alleviation in Xinjiang”, in Liangyu, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2020-08-08:

Elsewhere in Central Asia, laghman is often submerged in broth, but here the noodles are cooked on their own and then given a ladling of beef stew. “Soup is soup; laghman is laghman,” said Adil Nurdun, who grew up in Toksun County, south of Xinjiang’s capital, Urumqi, and runs the restaurant with Arkin Ali, a native of Aksu Prefecture to the west, bordering Kyrgyzstan.

2019, Ligaya Mishan, “Uighur Noodles, Terrifically Chewy and Earthy, at Nurlan in Flushing, Queens”, in New York Times:

A county of Turpan prefecture, Xinjiang, China


伊川

/i⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/jiː⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/i⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/jiː⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yichuan (a county of Luoyang, Henan, China)


Shufu

From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 疏附 (Shūfù).

Kashgar is the largest city of the Tarim basin, situated also near the Soviet border. Its Chinese official name is K'o-shih, an abbreviated form of K'o-shih-k'a-erh, the phonetic rendering of Kashgar. Prior to 1950, Kashgar was known as Shufu. The city has a population of about 75,000, predominantly Uigur in ethnic composition. It is a center for trade in cotton, silk and sheepskins.

1956, Theodore Shabad, China's Changing Map: A Political and Economic Geography of The Chinese People's Republic, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 257:

A police officer reached by Reuters in the county where the incident occurred, called Shufu county in Chinese, said it was “not convenient” to provide any additional information.

2013 December 16, Ben Blanchard, Megha Rajagopalan, “Riot in China's Xinjiang kills 16, 'terror gang' blamed”, in Raju Gopalakrishnan, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2017-01-19, World News:

SHUFU COUNTY, KASHGAR
Teaching Uighur children in Mandarin will not bring stability to Xinjiang
"I CAN speak Chinese, I’m so awesome!” reads a sign on the wall of the Mingde primary school in Shufu, a town near the oasis city of Kashgar in the far western province of Xinjiang.

2015 June 27, “Tongue-tied”, in The Economist, volume 415, number 8944, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 35:

Adil Tursun, a chemistry teacher and faculty director at Kashgar Kona Sheher (in Chinese, Shufu) County No. 1 High School was arrested in 2016 and sentenced in 2018 to seven years in Xinshou Prison in Shanghai after already having served two years of detention, said Abduweli Ayup, a former student who is now a Uyghur activist and linguist based in Norway.

2022 March 11, Shohret Hoshur, “Uyghur educator serving 7-year sentence for instructing students in mother tongue”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2022-03-12:

A list obtained and partially verified by the AP cites the names of more than 10,000 Uyghurs sent to prison in just Konasheher county alone, one of dozens in southern Xinjiang. In recent years, China has waged a brutal crackdown on the Uyghurs, a largely Muslim minority, which it has described as a war on terror.

[2022 May 16, Huizhong Wu, Drake Kang, “Uyghur country in China has highest prison rate in the world”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-16:

A county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


獨山

/tu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～縣) Dushan County (a county of Qiannan prefecture, Guizhou, China)


Chengmai

Zhao Caisen was arrested on suspicion of causing the accident in Chengmai County on April 10, Xinhua said, citing a warrant issued by the prosecutor of Wenchang City.

2014 April 25, Koh Gui Qing, “China arrests driver in fatal school bus crash - Xinhua”, in Alison Williams, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-06-24, Autos & Transportation:


柳城

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/lɐu̯¹³ sɪŋ²¹/

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/lɐu̯¹³ sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Liucheng (a county of Liuzhou, Guangxi, China)


寧明

/niŋ³⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/nɪŋ²¹ mɪŋ²¹/

/niŋ³⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/nɪŋ²¹ mɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Ningming (a county of Chongzuo, Guangxi, China)


蒙山

/mɤŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/mʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/mɤŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/mʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Mengshan (a county of Wuzhou, Guangxi, China)


Lufeng

Translingual: Lufengosaurus

Hsinhua said that the almost complete lower jawbone, two other fossilized jawbones and more than 40 fossilized teeth from ancient apes were found in coal seams in Lufeng county in the southwest province of Yunnan.

1977 April 18, “China Says Bone Find Is New Link to Man”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-03-08, page 18:


嘉禾

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ wɔː²¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ wɔː²¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

(～縣) Jiahe (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


茶陵

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

Chaling (a county of Zhuzhou, Hunan, China)


尋烏

/t͡sʰɐm²¹ wuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐm²¹ wuː⁵⁵/

(～縣) Xunwu (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


Mulan

en-proper-noun

Mulan (countable and uncountable, plural Mulans)

From Mandarin 木蘭／木兰 (Mùlán, literally “magnolia”).

Not only were the Korean Communists numerous, but their influence extended over a wide territory ranging from Chientao in the southeast to Ilan and Mulan in the southern part of Heilungkiang Province, where the Koreans had formed communities of their own.

1983, Chong-Sik Lee, Revolutionary Struggle in Manchuria: Chinese Communism and Soviet Interest, 1922-1945, University of California Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 222:

We had no idea how long this period of “re-education” might last. We were to present ourselves within ten days to local officials in Mulan county, about four hours by road from Harbin.

1992, Zhimei Zhang, Foxspirit: A Woman in Mao's China, Quebec: Vehicule Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 168:

Any of several places in China:
A county of Harbin, Heilongjiang, China


那坡

/nä⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/naː¹³ pɔː⁵⁵/

/nä⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/naː¹³ pɔː⁵⁵/

那 (nà) is from Zhuang naz (“paddy field”).

(～縣) Napo (a county of Baise, Guangxi, China)


吉木薩爾

ㄐㄧˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄙㄚˋ ㄦˇ

/t͡ɕi³⁵ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ mʊk̚² saːt̚³ jiː¹³/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ mʊk̚² saːt̚³ jiː¹³/

(～縣) Jimsar (a county of Changji Prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


巴馬

/pä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/pä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ maː¹³/

巴 (bā) is from Zhuang bya (“hill; mountain”).

瑤族自治縣 瑤族自治縣#Chinese

(～瑤族自治縣, ～縣) Bama (an autonomous county of Hechi, Guangxi, China)


乳源

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

瑤族自治縣 瑤族自治縣#Chinese

(～瑤族自治縣) Ruyuan (an autonomous county of Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)


瓊中

/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

黎族苗族自治縣 黎族苗族自治縣#Chinese

(～黎族苗族自治縣, ～縣) Qiongzhong (an autonomous county of Hainan, China)


陵水

/liŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/liŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

黎族自治縣 黎族自治縣#Chinese

(～黎族自治縣, ～縣) Lingshui (an autonomous county of Hainan, China)


樂東

/ɥɛ⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lɔːk̚² tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lɔːk̚² tʊŋ⁵⁵/

黎族自治縣 黎族自治縣#Chinese

(～黎族自治縣, ～縣) Ledong (an autonomous county of Hainan, China)


浦北

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰou̯³⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰou̯³⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

(～縣) Pubei (a county of Qinzhou, Guangxi, China)


田林

/tʰiːn²¹ lɐm²¹/

/tʰiːn²¹ lɐm²¹/

(～縣) Tianlin (a county of Baise, Guangxi, China)


忻城

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Xincheng (a county of Laibin, Guangxi, China)


昭平

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Zhaoping (a county of Hezhou, Guangxi, China)


昌江

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

黎族自治縣 黎族自治縣#Chinese

(～黎族自治縣, ～縣) Changjiang (an autonomous county of Hainan, China)


天峨

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀɤ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ŋɔː²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀɤ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ŋɔː²¹/

(～縣) Tian'e (a county of Baise, Guangxi, China)


象州

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Xiangzhou (a county of Laibin, Guangxi, China)


鹿寨

/lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² t͡saːi̯²²/

/lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² t͡saːi̯²²/

(～縣) Luzhai (a county of Liuzhou, Guangxi, China)


靈川

/liŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/liŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Lingchuan (a county of Guilin, Guangxi, China)


平樂

/pʰiŋ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ lɔːk̚²/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ lɔːk̚²/

(～縣) Pingle (a county of Guilin, Guangxi, China)


大新

/tä⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɐn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɐn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Daxin (a county of Chongzuo, Guangxi, China)


融水

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jʊŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jʊŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

苗族自治縣 苗族自治縣#Chinese

(～苗族自治縣, ～縣) Rongshui (an autonomous county of Liuzhou, Guangxi, China)


武宣

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Wuxuan (a county of Laibin, Guangxi, China)


東蘭

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

(～縣) Donglan (a county of Hechi, Guangxi, China)


硯山

/jɛn⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/jɛn⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yanshan (a county of Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan, China)


麻栗坡

/mä³⁵ li⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/maː²¹ lɵt̚² pɔː⁵⁵/

/mä³⁵ li⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/maː²¹ lɵt̚² pɔː⁵⁵/

(～縣) Malipo (a county of Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan, China)


富寧

/fuː³³ nɪŋ²¹/

/fuː³³ nɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Funing (a county of Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan, China)


天等

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tɐŋ³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tɐŋ³⁵/

(～縣) Tiandeng (a county of Chongzuo, Guangxi, China)


龍勝

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ sɪŋ³³/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ sɪŋ³³/

各族自治縣 各族自治縣#Chinese

(～各族自治縣, ～縣) Longsheng (an autonomous county of Guilin, Guangxi, China)


金秀

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sɐu̯³³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sɐu̯³³/

瑤族自治縣 瑤族自治縣#Chinese

(～瑤族自治縣, ～縣) Jinxiu (an autonomous county of Laibin, Guangxi, China)


都安

/tu⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/tou̯⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/tu⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/tou̯⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

瑤族自治縣 瑤族自治縣#Chinese

(～瑤族自治縣, ～縣) Du'an (an autonomous county of Hechi, Guangxi, China)


恭城

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

瑤族自治縣 瑤族自治縣#Chinese

(～瑤族自治縣, ～縣) Gongcheng (an autonomous county of Guilin, Guangxi, China)


隆林

/lʊŋ³⁵ lin³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ lɐm²¹/

/lʊŋ³⁵ lin³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ lɐm²¹/

各族自治縣 各族自治縣#Chinese

(～各族自治縣, ～縣) Longlin (an autonomous county of Baise, Guangxi, China)


大化

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² faː³³/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² faː³³/

瑤族自治縣 瑤族自治縣#Chinese

(～瑤族自治縣, ～縣) Dahua (an autonomous county of Hechi, Guangxi, China)


阿克陶

→ English: Aketao, A-k'o-t'ao

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/aː³³ hɐk̚⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/aː³³ hɐk̚⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

(～縣) Akto, Aketao (a county of Kizilsu, Xinjiang, China)


Akto

In 1990 a fight between armed locals and the police and military flared up in Baren, in Akto, near Kashgar, in which at least 22 people were killed, of whom six were members of the security forces; some sources say the locals had intended to initiate an armed uprising.

1992, “Xinjiang: Unquiet Spring”, in Tibet Information Network (Background Papers on Tibet), page 51:

In April 1990 a group of Kyrgyz started a riot at Baren in Akto county, which led to exchanges of fire and a number of deaths.

1994, Peter Fedinand, editor, The New States of Central Asia and their Neighbours, Council on Foreign Relations Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 100:

The Akto region is a part of China that has been rocked with conflict. In April 1990 an “armed counter revolutionary rebellion” occurred in Baren Township of Akto County. “There were over twenty deaths, mainly of members of Islamic minorities. Later in 1990...fifty mosques were closed down and the construction of 153 others was halted.”

2000, Paul Hattaway, Operation China: Introducing all the Pooples of China, Piquant, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 31:

This was a boon for the PRC as there had been increasingly violent incidents in Xinjiang since the 1990 Baren Incident in Akto county, which borders Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.

2019, Tak-ling Terry Woo, “Religion and Politics in the People's Republic of China: An Appraisal of Continuing Mistrust and Misunderstanding”, in Roy C. Amore, editor, Religion and Politics: New Developments Worldwide, MDPI, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 88:

The East Turkistan Government in Exile and the overwhelming majority of East Turkistanis across our global diaspora commemorated the 30th Anniversary of the Baren Revolution, also known as the Baren Uprising, or the Baren Massacre, which erupted on April 5, 1990 in East Turkistan's Akto County.

2020 April 5, “30th Anniversary of the Baren Revolution”, in The Voice of East Turkistan, volume 1, number 3, page 17:


龍陵

/lʊŋ³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

/lʊŋ³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Longling (a county of Baoshan, Yunnan, China)


蒼南

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

(～縣) Cangnan (a county of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


Guide

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 貴德／贵德 (Guìdé).

She said she had chosen to speak out because she wanted to explain to the public why she left Guide county in Qinghai, where she and her husband Xie Chengde ran a successful honey farm that once featured on state television.
The authorities in Guide said they are now investigating the case following her accusations.

2021 February 8, Mandy Zuo, “Award-winning Chinese reporter’s account of years of domestic violence causes uproar on social media”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-02-07, China:

A county of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China.


鄲城

/tän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/tän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Dancheng (a county of Zhoukou, Henan, China)


寧都

/nɪŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵/

/nɪŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Ningdu (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


大余

/taːi̯²² jyː²¹/

/taːi̯²² jyː²¹/

Near-homophonous replacement for 大庾 (Dàyǔ) from 1957.

(～縣) Dayu (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


噶爾

/kä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/kä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

(～縣) Gar (a county of Ngari prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


古丈

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/

(～縣) Guzhang County (a county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China)


瀘溪

/lou̯²¹ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/lou̯²¹ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Luxi (a county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China)


武川

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

(～縣) Wuchuan (a county of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China)


Qinggil

Sheep ked were collected in the spring of 2014 from the Qinggil County (89°47’–91°04’ E, 45°00’–47°20’N), Xinjiang UAR, China.

2017, Zhi-Qiang Liu, Nuer Kuermanali, Zhao Li, Shi-Jun Chen, Yuan-Zhi Wang, Han Tao, Chuang-Fu Chen, “The complete mitochondrial genome of the parasitic sheep ked Melophagus ovinus (Diptera: Hippoboscidae)”, in Mitochondrial DNA Part B, volume 2, number 2, via Taylor & Francis, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-03-22, page 432:

Meanwhile, in the Altay region of Xinjiang, which borders Kazakhstan, authorities recently detained three ethnic Kazakhs in Qinggil (in Chinese, Qinghe) county, a former township official told RFA.
"Three people in Qinggil county have been detained, and we are trying to find out where they are," the former official said. "We found out [on Saturday] that they have been detained, but we don't know where they're being held."

2017 December 18, Qiao Long, “China Detains Kazakhs During 'Unity Week' in Troubled Xinjiang Region”, in Luisetta Mudie, transl., edited by Luisetta Mudie, Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2020-10-29:

In the Qinggil rebel group, political power was concentrated in the hands of Osman, Sugurbayow and other Kazakh figures, while the political leader of the Jiminay faction was the Uyghur Molla Islam Ismayil.

2018, Wang Ke, translated by Carissa Fletcher, The East Turkestan Independence Movement, 1930s to 1940s, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 190:

The news story that Kama read was about an elderly person named Abibao in Qinggil County who had raised ten orphans.

2021, Li Juan, translated by Jack Hargreaves and Yan Yan, Winter Pasture: One Woman's Journey with China's Kazakh Herders, 1st edition, Astra Publishing House, →ISBN, →OCLC, page https://books.google.com/books?id=aML0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT288:

A county of Altay prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


哈巴河

/xä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/haː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/xä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/haː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

(～縣) Habahe, Kaba (a county of Altay prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


富蘊

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹/

/fuː³³ wɐn³³/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹/

/fuː³³ wɐn³³/

(～縣) Fuyun (a county of Altay prefecture, Ili prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


青河

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

Short for 青格里河 (“Qinggil River (a tributary of the Ulungur River)”).

zh-etym-short

(～縣) Qinggil, Qinghe (a county of Altay prefecture, Ili prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


湘陰

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

(～縣) Xiangyin (a county of Yueyang, Hunan, China)


平江

/pʰiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Pingjiang (a county of Yueyang, Hunan, China)


道孚

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ fu³⁵/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ fu³⁵/

(～縣) Dawu (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


理塘

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/lei̯¹³ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/lei̯¹³ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Litang (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


和靜

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/wɔː²¹ t͡sɪŋ²²/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/wɔː²¹ t͡sɪŋ²²/

(～縣) Hejing (a county of Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


精河

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

(～縣) Jinghe (a county of Börtala prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


前郭爾羅斯

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛ ㄦˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ

Цяньгоэрлосы

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ jiː¹³ lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ jiː¹³ lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/

蒙古族自治縣 蒙古族自治縣#Chinese

Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County
w:Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County

(～蒙古族自治縣, ～縣) Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County (an autonomous county of Songyuan, Jilin, China)


農安

/nʊŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/nʊŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/nʊŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/nʊŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Nong'an (a county of Changchun, Jilin, China)


前郭

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Short for 前郭爾羅斯／前郭尔罗斯 (Qiánguō'ěrluósī).

(～縣) Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County (an autonomous county of Songyuan, Jilin, China)


林周

/lin³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/lin³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Lhünzhub (a county of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


當雄

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan འདམ་གཞུང ('dam gzhung).

(～縣) Damxung (a county of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


吉木乃

/t͡ɕi³⁵ mu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ mʊk̚² naːi̯¹³/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ mu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ mʊk̚² naːi̯¹³/

(～縣) Jeminay (a county of Altay prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


曲水

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

(～縣) Qüxü (a county of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


墨竹工卡

ㄇㄛˋ ㄓㄨˊ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄎㄚˇ

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐk̚² t͡sʊk̚⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐk̚² t͡sʊk̚⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan མལ་གྲོ་གུང་དཀར (mal gro gung dkar).

bor

མལ་གྲོ་གུང་དཀར

(～縣) Maizhokunggar (a county of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


新源

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Xinyuan (a county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


尼木

(～縣) Nyêmo (a county of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


多倫

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹/

Shortened from 多倫諾爾／多伦诺尔, borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠨ
ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ (dolon naɣur, literally “seven lakes”).

(～縣) Duolun (a county of Xilin Gol, Inner Mongolia, China)


木里

/mu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

藏族自治縣 藏族自治縣#Chinese

(～藏族自治縣, ～縣) Muli (an autonomous county of Liangshan prefecture, Sichuan, China)


蘭陵

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (蘭陵):
* → Japanese: 蘭(らん)陵(りょう) (Ranryō)

/län³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/laːn²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

/län³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/laːn²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Lanling (a county of Linyi, Shandong, China)


공안

Sino-Korean word from 公安, from 公 (“public”) + 安 (“safety”).

ko-etym-sino

Gong'an (a county of Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


雅江

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yajiang, Nyagchukha (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


芒康

/mɑŋ³⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔːŋ²¹ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/mɑŋ³⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔːŋ²¹ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Markam (a county of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


貢覺

/kʊŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ kɔːk̚³/

/kʊŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ kɔːk̚³/

(～縣) Gonjo (a county of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


鄯善

/ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂän⁵¹/

/ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂän⁵¹/

(～縣) Shanshan (a county of Turpan, Xinjiang, China)


永興

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yongxing (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


安仁

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

(～縣) Anren (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


臨武

/lin³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lin³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～縣) Linwu (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


汝城

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jyː¹³ sɪŋ²¹/

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jyː¹³ sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Rucheng (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


桂東

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Guidong (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


霍城

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/fɔːk̚³ sɪŋ²¹/

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/fɔːk̚³ sɪŋ²¹/

霍 (Huò) is short for 霍爾果斯／霍尔果斯 (Huò'ěrguǒsī).

zh-l

霍爾果斯／霍尔果斯 (Huò'ěrguǒsī)

(～縣) Huocheng (a county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


宜章

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yizhang (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


衡東

/xɤŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Hengdong (a county of Hengyang, Hunan, China)


道縣

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Dao County (a county of Yongzhou, Hunan, China)


江永

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ wɪŋ¹³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ wɪŋ¹³/

(～縣) Jiangyong (a county of Yongzhou, Hunan, China)


雙牌

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹/

(～縣) Shuangpai (a county of Yongzhou, Hunan, China)


衡南

/xɤŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ naːm²¹/

/xɤŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ naːm²¹/

(～縣) Hengnan (a county of Hengyang, Hunan, China)


攸縣

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ jyːn²²/

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ jyːn²²/

You County (a county of Zhuzhou, Hunan, China)


祁東

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Qidong (a county of Hengyang, Hunan, China)


綏來

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

(～縣) Old name for 瑪納斯／玛纳斯 (Mǎnàsī, “Manas County (a county of Xinjiang, China)”).


漢源

/xän⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɔːn³³ jyːn²¹/

/xän⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɔːn³³ jyːn²¹/

(～縣) Hanyuan (a county of Ya'an, Sichuan, China)


黎平

/li³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/lɐi̯²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/li³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/lɐi̯²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Liping (a county of Qiandongnan prefecture, Guizhou, China)


原陽

→ English: Yuanyang

/ɥɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Yuanyang (a county of Xinxiang, Henan, China)


定邊

/tiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tɪŋ²² piːn⁵⁵/

/tiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tɪŋ²² piːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Dingbian (a county of Yulin, Shaanxi, China)


綏德

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

(～縣) Suide (a county of Yulin, Shaanxi, China)


額敏

/ˀɤ³⁵ min²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaːk̚² mɐn¹³/

/ˀɤ³⁵ min²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaːk̚² mɐn¹³/

(～縣) Emin (a county of Tacheng prefecture, Ili prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


隆回

/lʊŋ³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ wuːi̯²¹/

/lʊŋ³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ wuːi̯²¹/

(～縣) Longhui (a county of Shaoyang, Hunan, China)


新邵

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ siːu̯²²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ siːu̯²²/

(～縣) Xinshao (a county of Shaoyang, Hunan, China)


南縣

/nän³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Nan County, Nanxian (a county of Yiyang, Hunan, China)


城步

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ pou̯²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ pou̯²²/

苗族自治縣 苗族自治縣#Chinese

(～苗族自治縣, ～縣) Chengbu (an autonomous county of Shaoyang, Hunan, China)


安化

/ˀän⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ faː³³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ faː³³/

(～縣) Anhua (a county of Yiyang, Hunan, China)


桃江

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Taojiang (a county of Yiyang, Hunan, China)


尼勒克

/ni³⁵ lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/nei̯²¹ lɐk̚² hɐk̚⁵/

/ni³⁵ lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/nei̯²¹ lɐk̚² hɐk̚⁵/

(～縣) Nilka (a county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


鞏留

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/kʊŋ³⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/kʊŋ³⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

(～縣) Gongliu (a county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


臨澧

/lin³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ lɐi̯¹³/

/lin³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ lɐi̯¹³/

(～縣) Linli (a county of Changde, Hunan, China)


桑植

/sɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/sɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

/sɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/sɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

(～縣) Sangzhi (a county of Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China)


漢壽

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/hɔːn³³ sɐu̯²²/

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/hɔːn³³ sɐu̯²²/

(～縣) Hanshou (a county of Changde, Hunan, China)


澧縣

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/lɐi̯¹³ jyːn²²/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/lɐi̯¹³ jyːn²²/

Li County, Lixian (a county of Changde, Hunan, China)


慈利

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ li⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ lei̯²²/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ li⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ lei̯²²/

(～縣) Cili (a county of Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China)


安鄉

/ˀän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Anxiang (a county of Changde, Hunan, China)


花垣

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Huayuan (a county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China)


麻陽

/mä³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/maː²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/mä³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/maː²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

苗族自治縣 苗族自治縣#Chinese

(～苗族自治縣, ～縣) Mayang (an autonomous county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


漵浦

/ɕy⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɵy̯²² pʰou̯³⁵/

/ɕy⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɵy̯²² pʰou̯³⁵/

(～縣) Xupu (a county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


保靖

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/pou̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ²²/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/pou̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ²²/

(～縣) Baojing (a county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China)


新晃

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ³⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ³⁵/

侗族自治縣 侗族自治縣#Chinese

(～侗族自治縣, ～縣) Xinhuang (an autonomous county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


芷江

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

侗族自治縣 侗族自治縣#Chinese

(～侗族自治縣, ～縣) Zhijiang (an autonomous county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


靖州

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

苗族侗族自治縣 苗族侗族自治縣#Chinese

(～苗族侗族自治縣, ～縣) Jingzhou (an autonomous county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


永順

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/wɪŋ¹³ sɵn²²/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/wɪŋ¹³ sɵn²²/

(～縣) Yongshun (a county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China)


辰谿

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sɐn²¹ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sɐn²¹ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Chenxi (a county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


門源

/mən³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/mən³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

Homophonous replacement for 亹源 from 1959.

回族自治縣 回族自治縣#Chinese

(～回族自治縣, ～縣) Menyuan (an autonomous county of Haibei prefecture, Qinghai, China)


淳安

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/sɵn²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/sɵn²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Chun'an (a county of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


類烏齊

/leɪ̯⁵¹ u⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/lɵy̯²² wuː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/

/leɪ̯⁵¹ u⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/lɵy̯²² wuː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/

(～縣) Riwoche (a county of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


彭澤

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ t͡saːk̚²/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ t͡saːk̚²/

(～縣) Pengze (a county of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China)


義縣

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Yi County, Yixian (a county of Jinzhou, Liaoning, China)


木壘

/mu⁵¹ leɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mʊk̚² lɵy̯¹³/

/mu⁵¹ leɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mʊk̚² lɵy̯¹³/

哈薩克自治縣 哈薩克自治縣#Chinese

(～哈薩克自治縣, ～縣) Mori (an autonomous county of Changji prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


察隅

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ y³⁵/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ jyː²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ y³⁵/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ jyː²¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan རྫ་ཡུལ (rdza yul).

(～縣) Zayü (a county of Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


興國

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

(～縣) Xingguo (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


廣昌

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Guangchang (a county of Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China)


通江

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Tongjiang (a county of Bazhong, Sichuan, China)


察布查爾

ㄔㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄔㄚˊ ㄦˇ

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ pou̯³³ t͡sʰaː²¹ jiː¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ pou̯³³ t͡sʰaː²¹ jiː¹³/

錫伯自治縣 錫伯自治縣#Chinese

(～錫伯自治縣, ～縣) Qapqal (an autonomous county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


昭蘇

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Zhaosu, Mongolküre (a county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


八宿

Borrowed from Tibetan དཔའ་ཤོད (dpa' shod).

(～縣) Baxoi (a county of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


天峻

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɵn³³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɵn³³/

(～縣) Tianjun (a county of Haixi prefecture, Qinghai, China)


會昌

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wuːi̯²² t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wuːi̯²² t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Huichang (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


定南

/tiŋ⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/tɪŋ²² naːm²¹/

/tiŋ⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/tɪŋ²² naːm²¹/

(～縣) Dingnan (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


崇義

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ i⁵¹/

/sʊŋ²¹ jiː²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ i⁵¹/

/sʊŋ²¹ jiː²²/

(～縣) Chongyi (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


信豐

/ɕin⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɵn³³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɵn³³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Xinfeng (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


全南

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ nän³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ nän³⁵/

Name change from similar-sounding 虔南 in 1957.

(～縣) Quannan (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


安遠

/ˀän⁵⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jyːn¹³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jyːn¹³/

(～縣) Anyuan (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


遂川

/su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Suichuan (a county of Ji'an, Jiangxi, China)


吉隆

Borrowed from Tibetan སྐྱིད་གྲོང (skyid grong).

zh-wp

zh:吉隆鎮 (吉隆縣)

/t͡ɕi³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

(～縣) Gyirong (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


萬安

/wän⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/maːn²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/ban²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² an³³/

/ban²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/ban³³⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/wän⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/maːn²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/ban²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² an³³/

/ban²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/ban³³⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

(～縣) Wan'an (a county of Ji'an, Jiangxi, China)


勐臘

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵¹/

/maːŋ¹³ laːp̚²/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵¹/

/maːŋ¹³ laːp̚²/

(～縣) Mengla (a county of Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China)


孟連

/mɤŋ⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/mɤŋ⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

傣族拉祜族佤族自治縣 傣族拉祜族佤族自治縣#Chinese

(～傣族拉祜族佤族自治縣, ～縣) Menglian (an autonomous county of Pu'er, Yunnan, China)


耿馬

/kɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐŋ³⁵ maː¹³/

/kɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐŋ³⁵ maː¹³/

傣族佤族自治縣 傣族佤族自治縣#Chinese

(～傣族佤族自治縣, ～縣) Gengma (an autonomous county of Lincang, Yunnan, China)


安圖

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

(～縣) Antu (a county of Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)


勐海

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːŋ¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːŋ¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～縣) Menghai (a county of Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China)


波密

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mi⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mi⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/

Borrowed from Tibetan སྤོ་མེས (spo mes).

(～縣) Bomê (a county of Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


鎮雄

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ hʊŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ hʊŋ²¹/

(～縣) Zhenxiong (a county of Zhaotong, Yunnan, China)


景東

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

彝族自治縣 彝族自治縣#Chinese

(～彝族自治縣, ～縣) Jingdong (an autonomous county of Pu'er, Yunnan, China)


錯那

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔː³³ naː¹³/

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔː³³ naː¹³/

Borrowed from Tibetan མཚོ་སྣ (mtsho sna).

(～縣) Cona (a county of Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


拜城

/paɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/paːi̯³³ sɪŋ²¹/

/paɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/paːi̯³³ sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Baicheng (a county of Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


呼圖壁

/fuː⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹ pɪk̚⁵/

/fuː⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹ pɪk̚⁵/

(～縣) Hutubi (a county of Changji prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


福海

/fu³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊk̚⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/fu³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊk̚⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～縣) Fuhai (a county of Altay prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


囊謙

/nɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/nɔːŋ²¹ hiːm⁵⁵/

/nɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/nɔːŋ²¹ hiːm⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ནང་ཆེན (nang chen).

(～縣) Nangqên (a county of Yushu prefecture, Qinghai, China)


梁河

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

(～縣) Lianghe (a county of Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


疏附

/sɔː⁵⁵ fuː²²/

/sɔː⁵⁵ fuː²²/

(～縣) Shufu (a county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


瑪多

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ tɔː⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ tɔː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan རྨ་སྟོད (rma stod).

(～縣) Madoi (a county of Golog prefecture, Qinghai, China)


貢嘎

/kʊŋ⁵¹ kä³⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ kaː⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵¹ kä³⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ kaː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan གོང་དཀར (gong dkar).

(～縣) Gonggar (a county of Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


盈江

/iŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/iŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Named after 大盈江 (Dàyíngjiāng) which flows through the county in 1952.

(～縣) Yingjiang (a county of Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


紅原

/xʊŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

(～縣) Hongyuan (a county of Ngawa prefecture, Sichuan, China)


稱多

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཁྲི་འདུ (khri 'du).

(～縣) Chindu (a county of Yushu prefecture, Qinghai, China)


巴里坤

/pä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ kʷʰɐn⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ kʷʰɐn⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Manchu ᠪᠠᡵ
ᡴᡠᠨ (bar kun), from Written Oirat ᡋᠠᠷ
ᡍᡉᠯ (bar kül); may be ultimately derived from a Turkic word in the form of *bars-köl meaning "tiger lake" (Li, 1999). Compare Chagatai بارکول (bār-kȫl), Uyghur باركۆل / Баркөл (Barköl), Kazakh باركول / Баркөл (Barköl).
Compare 婆悉 (MC ba sit) in 婆悉海, the Tang dynasty name for Barkol Lake, and perhaps 蒲類 (OC *baː ruds), the name of an ancient kingdom near Barkol Lake during the Han dynasty (ibid.).

nc

Uyghur باركۆل

Kazakh باركول

巴爾庫勒

Qing-era strict Manchu–Oirat transliteration

哈薩克自治縣 哈薩克自治縣#Chinese

(～哈薩克自治縣, ～縣) Barköl, Barkol (an autonomous county of Hami, Xinjiang, China)


托克遜

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄜˋ ㄒㄩㄣˋ

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕyn⁵¹/

/tʰɔːk̚³ hɐk̚⁵ sɵn³³/

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕyn⁵¹/

/tʰɔːk̚³ hɐk̚⁵ sɵn³³/

(～縣) Toksun, Tuokexun (a county of Turpan prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


鎮康

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Zhenkang (a county of Lincang, Yunnan, China)


Gyantse

A county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.


榕江

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ioŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ioŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

w:Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture

(～縣) Rongjiang (a county of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou, China)


Nan'ao

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 南澳 (Nán'ào).

The force composition of the two PLA concentrations—on the Dongshan-Nan'ao Islands area at the southern end of the Strait and Haitan Island at the northern end-reflected their assigned missions dealing with achievement of air and sea superiority and amphibious assault.

1997, John W. Garver, “The Confrontation”, in Face Off: China, the United States, and Taiwan's Democratization, University of Washington Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, pages 99–100:


Luntai

In many cases, the Postal Guide gives the Chinese name alone. This applies to most small places, and it is not always easy to identify Chinese post offices with Turki villages ; e.g. are Luntai (east of Kucha) and Shanshan (east of Turfan), as shown in the somewhat diagrammatic Postal Atlas of China, identical with the Bugur and Pichan of the Survey of India maps?

1925 March, J. H. Reynolds, “Place-names in Sinkiang”, in The Geographical Journal, volume LXV, number 3, London: Royal Geographical Society, page 242:

In September, state media said police shot dead 40 rioters, some of whom were seeking to blow themselves up, after explosions went off in Luntai county.

2014 October 12, Michael Martina, “Policewoman killed in China's Xinjiang - state media”, in Robert Birsel, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-11, World News:

A county of Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Yueyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 岳陽／岳阳 (Yuèyáng).

In Yueyang county, Hunan, some 22,000 people lost their homes during the building of Tieshan Reservoir.

2011, Frank Dikötter, Mao's Great Famine, Bloomsbury, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 170:


Luding

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 瀘定／泸定 (Lúdìng).

zh-l

瀘定／泸定 (Lúdìng)

Originally, planks had been laid across the nine chains, and the whole bridge, suspended between two cliffs, swayed like a cradle with the motions of the person walking upon it. Now the planks were gone, having been taken by the enemy into Luting City. All that remained were the black hanging chains.

[1971, Dick Wilson, “The Bridge of Iron Chains”, in The Long March 1935: The Epic of Chinese Communism's Survival, New York: Viking Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 168:

Luding (Dadu Rivier) Bridge on Ya'an-Kargilik County Highway spans the Dadu River in Luding County, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garze, Sichuan Province.
It shortens the distance between Ya'an City and Luding County, greatly benefitting local inhabitants.

2021 June 17, “'First Bridge of Sichuan-Tibet' spans two cliffs”, in Li Yuxin, editor, China News Service, archived from the original on 2021-06-18:

As aftershocks of 3.0 magnitude or higher continued to rock the area, rescuers transported over 50,000 people from the hardest-hit Luding county, according to local media

2022 September 6, “China earthquake death toll jumps to 65 as aftershocks rattle Sichuan”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2022-09-06:

A county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China.


Hepu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 合浦 (Hépǔ).

Here in Hepu County, an impoverished agricultural district just north of China's border with Vietnam, Chan and his business partners are hatching plans for a mammoth food processing operation they promise will be the world's largest producer of foie gras.[…]
Hepu farmers say they can raise a single goose for less than 40 yuan--about $5. That's a fraction of what competitors in France must spend.

2000 August 1, Clay Chandler, “A Golden Goose in Red China? Entrepreneur Bets Millions That Foie Gras Will Fatten Export Figures”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-08-28:


Tonghua

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 通化 (Tōnghuà).

In order to improve the line of communications in Manchuria, the Chinese authorities are going to extend the Mukden-Hailung to Linkiang viá Hsinking and Tunghua as requested by the residents of these cities; but in view of the small amount of the product for export by the line, the prospect is not quite favourable. According to semi-official reports, the proposed extension will start at Hsinking for Tunghua, over 320 Chinese li away. Then 20 Chinese li east of Tunghua it will have to negotiate the mountainous region from Tungchangtai and Sanhotzu, necessitating the construction of an extensive tunnel.

[1928 March 8 [1928 February 20], A.N.A., “NEW RAILWAYS IN MANCHURIA.”, in Hongkong Daily Press, number 21,732, Hong Kong, sourced from Peking, →OCLC, page 3, column 3:

Evidently negotiations were successful, since about this time the Red guerrillas" were reported to have expanded their forces by collaborating with the Big Swords in nearby Chinchuan Hsien and with the National Salvation Army in Tunghua and Liuho hsien.

[1983, Chong-Sik Lee, “Radicalism versus United Front among the Guerrillas”, in Revolutionary Struggle in Manchuria: Chinese Communism and Soviet Interest, 1922-1945, University of California Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 214:

Kangmei Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
* Says to cooperate with government of Tonghua county, where healthcare market is worth over 3 billion yuan ($496 million), on medical services

2014 January 15, “China's Kangmei Pharma to cooperate with govt of Tonghua county on medical services”, in Reuters, sourced from Hong Kong and Singapore newsrooms, archived from the original on 2024-10-05:


宜川

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yichuan (a county of Yan'an, Shaanxi, China)


Yadong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 亞東／亚东 (Yàdōng).

The mountain pass, at a height of 4,545 meters, or 14,911 feet, connects Yadong County in Tibet with the northeast Indian state of Sikkim.

2006 July 6, David Lague, Amelia Gentleman, “On the Silk Road, China and India smooth tensions - Business - International Herald Tribune”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-04, International Business:

Late last month, China warned India not to “push your luck” by underestimating Beijing’s determination to protect what it believes is sovereign territory high in the Himalayas. Although India has called for a negotiated settlement and both sides have shown restraint as Chinese troops work to extend the road from Yadong in Tibet, rhetoric has grown increasingly heated of late.

2017 August 6, Cindy Boren, “‘A message of peace’: Amid border tension, Indian boxer offers title belt to Chinese opponent”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-08-06, Early Lead:


梁山

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

Liangshan County (a county of Shandong, China)


梁山

Liangshan (a county of Jining, Shandong, China, Asia)


華坪

/xu̯ä³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/waː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/xu̯ä³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/waː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Huaping (a county of Lijiang, Yunnan, China)


休寧

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/jɐu̯⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/jɐu̯⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Xiuning (a county of Huangshan, Anhui, China)


浮梁

/fu³⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/fɐu̯²¹ lœːŋ²¹/

/fu³⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/fɐu̯²¹ lœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Fuliang (a county of Jingdezhen, Anhui, China)


旌德

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

(～縣) Jingde (a county of Xuancheng, Anhui, China)


黟縣

/i⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/i⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Yi County (a county of Huangshan, Anhui, China)


Jixi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 績溪／绩溪 (Jìxī).

A native of Chihsi hsien, Anhwei, Hu Shih was born in Shanghai.[…]Hu Shih and his mother returned to the family home in Chihsi in early 1895, but Hu Ch'uan remained in Taitung, where he was serving as prefectural magistrate and garrison commander, until summer.

[1968, “Hu Shih”, in Biographical Dictionary of Republican China, volume II, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 167:

Another Hu family, from Jixi County, sold tea; they were the ancestors of President Hu Jintao, whose father, while living in Jiangsu, tried to expand the tea business to Shanghai and Zhejiang, and exported tea leaves to Europe and the United States, wrote Lee Khoon Choy, a retired Singaporean journalist and politician, in a book, “Pioneers of Modern China.”

2012 March 29, Edward Wong, “In Rural China, Temples to Past Merchant Wealth Endure”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-03-30, Asia Pacific:


績溪

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪk̚⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪk̚⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Jixi (a county of Xuancheng, Anhui, China)


阿合奇

/ˀä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/aː³³ hɐp̚² kʰei̯²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/aː³³ hɐp̚² kʰei̯²¹/

(～縣) Akqi (a county of Kizilsu prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


布爾津

/pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ jiː¹³ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

/pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ jiː¹³ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Burqin (a county of Altay prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


和布克賽爾

ㄏㄜˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙㄞˋ ㄦˇ

/xɤ³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

蒙古自治縣 蒙古自治縣#Chinese

(～蒙古自治縣, ～縣) Hoboksar (an autonomous county of Tacheng prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


博湖

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/pɔːk̚³ wuː²¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/pɔːk̚³ wuː²¹/

(～縣) Bohu (a county of Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


Nanling

According to The Paper, a news website, Mr. Liu was arrested early Friday at his home in Nanling County in the eastern province of Anhui.

2017 August 17, Amy Qin, “Chinese Novelist Is Arrested in 4 Murders From 2 Decades Ago”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-08-17, Asia Pacific:

The outbreak killed 80 of 459 hogs on a farm in Nanling county in Wuhu city, with the remaining 379 culled, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said on Thursday. The farm is 350 km (217 miles) directly west of Shanghai.

2018 August 30, Elias Glenn, Josephine Mason, “China reports fifth case of African swine fever”, in Mark Potter, Richard Pullin, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-02-24, World:


ᠴᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ

Qapqal (an autonomous county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


白朗

/paɪ̯³⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚² lɔːŋ¹³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚² lɔːŋ¹³/

(～縣) Bainang (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


東鄉族自治縣

ㄉㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄤ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

Дунсянцзу Цзычжисянь

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ hœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚² t͡siː²² t͡siː²² jyːn²²/

Dongxiang Autonomous County
w:Dongxiang Autonomous County

Dongxiang Autonomous County (an autonomous county of Linxia prefecture, Gansu, China)


新和

/ɕin⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ wɔː²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ wɔː²¹/

(～縣) Xinhe (a county of Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


ᠪᠠᡨᠠᠩ

Borrowed from Chinese 巴塘 (Bātáng), from Tibetan འབའ་ཐང ('ba' thang).

Batang (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


丹巴

/tän⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

/tän⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵/

(～縣) Danba (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


鄉城

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Xiangcheng (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


察雅

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ ŋaː¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ ŋaː¹³/

Borrowed frmo Tibetan བྲག་གཡབ (brag g.yab).

(～縣) Zhag'yab (a county of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


ᠶᡝᡵᡴᡳᠮ

Yarkant (a county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


托里

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɔːk̚³ lei̯¹³/

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɔːk̚³ lei̯¹³/

(～縣) Toli (a county of Tacheng prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


湯陰

/tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song

Yuè Fēi, zì Péngjǔ, Xiàngzhōu Tāngyīn rén.

岳飛，字鵬舉，相州湯陰人。

岳飞，字鹏举，相州汤阴人。

(～縣) Tangyin (a county of Anyang, Henan, China)


烏蘭

(～縣) Ulan (a county of Haixi prefecture, Qinghai, China)


奇臺

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture#English

(～縣) Qitai (a county of Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


瑪曲

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ kʰʊk̚⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ kʰʊk̚⁵/

(～縣) Maqu (a county of Gannan prefecture, Gansu, China)


Medog

Their trek took them across the snowbound Gawalung pass from the Lhasa-Sichuan road and then south along the Tsangpo to Medog, a garrison town near the Indian border.

2002, Michael McRae, The Siege of Shangri-La, New York: Broadway Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 124:

At present, there are only three routes to Medog on foot.

2005, 成卫东 [Cheng Weidong], 雪域寻梦 [Dreams of Snow Land], Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 135:

China announced Thursday that it had connected a Tibetan county, Medog, to the nation’s highway system, ending the relative isolation of the area. Until Wednesday, Medog, in the eastern part of the Tibet Autonomous Region, was the last county in China with no highway linking it to the outside world, officials said.

2010 December 16, Edward Wong, “Isolated County in Tibet Is Linked to Highway System”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-07-25, Asia Pacific:

The Lhoba people are a small, ancient, tribal ethnic group from the Himalayas and are located in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Medog County is rich in biocultural diversity. For a long time, Medog has been almost isolated from the outside world. The Lhoba people, who live in Medog, have maintained a relatively unique lifestyle and have accumulated rich traditional knowledge (TK), especially about medicinal and edible plants.

2020 March 1, Yang, J. et al., “Medicinal and edible plants used by the Lhoba people in Medog County, Tibet, China”, in Journal of Ethnopharmacology, volume 249, →DOI, article 112430:

A county of Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.

墨脫

county in Tibet Autonomous Region, China


普蘭

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan སྤུ་ཧྲེང (spu hreng).

(～縣) Burang (a county of Ngari prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


朗縣

/lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/lɔːŋ¹³ jyːn²²/

/lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/lɔːŋ¹³ jyːn²²/

From Tibetan སྣང (snang) + 縣／县 (xiàn, “county”).

Nang County (a county of Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


米林

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ lɐm²¹/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ lɐm²¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan སྨན་གླིང (sman gling).

(～縣) Mainling (a county of Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


榮縣

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/wɪŋ²¹ jyːn²²/

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/wɪŋ²¹ jyːn²²/

Rong County, Rongxian (a county of Zigong, Sichuan, China)


得榮

/tɤ³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ wɪŋ²¹/

/tɤ³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ wɪŋ²¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan སྡེ་རོང (sde rong).

(～縣) Dêrong (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


沛縣

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pʰuːi̯³³ jyːn²²/

/pʰeɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pʰuːi̯³³ jyːn²²/

Pei County, Peixian (a county of Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China)


滑縣

/xu̯ä³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/xu̯ä³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Hua County, Huaxian (a county of Anyang, Henan, China)


理縣

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Renamed from 理番縣 (Lǐfān Xiàn) in 1946 as 理番 (literally “to manage the barbarians”) was deemed pejorative towards ethnic minorities.

Li County, Lixian (a county of Ngawa prefecture, Sichuan, China)


米泉

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ t͡sʰyːn²¹/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ t͡sʰyːn²¹/

(～市, ～縣) (historical) Miquan (a former county-level city and county of Changji prefecture, Xinjiang, China; merged with Dongshan District of Ürümqi to form Midong District of Ürümqi in 2007)


澤庫

/t͡sɤ³⁵ kʰu⁵¹/

/t͡sɤ³⁵ kʰu⁵¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan རྩེ་ཁོག (rtse khog).

(～縣) Zêkog (a county of Huangnan, Qinghai, China)


雲縣

/yn³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/yn³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Yun County, Yunxian (a county of Lincang, Yunnan, China)


豐縣

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²²/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²²/

Feng County, Fengxian (a county of Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China)


Wenchuan

Borrowed from the Mandarin 汶川 (Wènchuān).

On the evening of March 6, Wenchuan was reached, and a fairly comfortable inn was found in which they made their headquarters for some time.

1911, W. N. Ferguson, Adventure, Sport and Travel on the Tibetan Steppes, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, →OCLC, page 87:

At 2:28 p. m. on Monday, exactly a week after an 8.0-magnitude earthquake jolted Wenchuan, the 1.3-billion Chinese people stopped to observe three minutes in silence for the victims.

2011, “Wenchuan And Yushu Quakes”, in 听听中国怎么说 [China Invites The World To Listen], Beijing, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 271:

After Wenchuan County officials announced the day of thanksgiving to mark the anniversary on Saturday, the state news media described “beautiful, tidy buildings” that now populate the most ravaged disaster zone.

2018 May 10, Tiffany May, “10 Years After Tragic Quake, China Calls for ‘Thanksgiving’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-05-10, ASIA PACIFIC:

Though An An’s exact birthday isn’t clear, records show he was born in 1986 in Sichuan, China.
He originally lived at the Wolong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan’s Wenchuan County until his transfer to Ocean Park.

2022 July 21, Cortney Moore, “World's oldest male panda, An An, dies at age 35 in Hong Kong”, in Fox News, archived from the original on 2022-07-21, Asia:

A county of Ngawa prefecture, Sichuan, China.


饒河

/ʐɑʊ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/jiːu̯²¹ hɔː²¹/

/ʐɑʊ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/jiːu̯²¹ hɔː²¹/

From 撓力河／挠力河 (“Naoli River”) in the north of the county.

(～縣) Raohe (a county of Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang, China)


Jiuzhaigou

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 九寨溝／九寨沟 (Jiǔzhàigōu).

九寨溝／九寨沟 (Jiǔzhàigōu)

Taxi - Taking a taxi from Jiuzhaigou County to the scenic area is about RMB 10.

2004, Intercontinental's Best of China, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 420:

From January 2013 to October 2013, Songpan County, which includes the Huanglong preserve, had 3.22 million visitors,[…]Jiuzhaigou County had 4.76 million visitors last year.

2014 June 13, Edward Wong, “In China, Negotiating Peaks and Police”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-06-14, Travel:

Fallen trees are seen blocking a road after an earthquake in Jiuzhaigou county, Ngawa prefecture, Sichuan province, China August 8, 2017.

2017 August 8, Ben Blanchard, Nick Macfie, “Four dead as quake strikes in remote part of China's Sichuan province”, in Andrew Bolton, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2017-08-11, Environment:


勃利

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ li⁵¹/

Borrowed from Manchu ᠪᠣᡥᠣᡵᡳ (bohori). Doublet of 伯力 (Bólì, “Khabarovsk”), which is an alternative transliteration of the same place name. The city was moved from present-day Khabarovsk to present-day Boli county after signing of Treaty of Aigun to continue its function as a military fort.

(～縣) Boli (a county of Qitaihe, Heilongjiang, China)


Shanyang

Translingual: Shanyangosaurus

From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 山陽／山阳 (Shānyáng).

The guerrilla base in southern Shensi was founded by a part of the main force of the Central Plains Liberation Army and included Lushih and Hsichuan in western Honan and Lonan and Shanyang in southern Shensi.

1954, Mao Tse-tung, Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung, volume I, Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, page 118:

My presumption is that this same mechanism was at work in two counties in Shaanxi Province, as recorded in county gazetteers. In Qianyang County, during the Cleansing of Class Ranks campaign of 1968-69 that put to an end the Cultural Revolution fighting, 152 households were newly labeled as landlord and 130 as rich peasant, while in Shanyang County over a thousand households were re-labeled as landlords or rich peasants.

2002, Jonathan Unger, “The Cultural Revolution in the Villages”, in The Transformation of Rural China, M. E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 65:

Sludge spewed into the Shuanghe River and Donghe River in Shaanxi province’s Shanyang county when the spillway collapsed early on Tuesday, Xinhua said.[…]
In April, ore tailings from another vanadium mine in Shanyang county polluted and literally blackened three rivers, state media reported at the time.

2008 July 23, Beijing Newsroom, “Vanadium mine leak taints rivers in northwest China”, in Guo Shipeng, Nick Macfie, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-08-26, Environment:


天祝

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

～藏族自治縣 天祝藏族自治縣#Chinese

(～藏族自治縣) Bairi (a Tibetan autonomous county of Wuwei, Gansu, China)


工布江達

ㄍㄨㄥ ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄉㄚˊ

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tä³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pou̯³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵ taːt̚²/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཀོང་པོ་རྒྱ་མདའ (kong po rgya mda').

bor

ཀོང་པོ་རྒྱ་མདའ

(～縣) Gongbo'gyamda (a county of Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


巴彥

/pä⁵⁵ jɛn⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ jɛn⁵¹/

From earlier 巴彥蘇蘇／巴彦苏苏, from Manchu ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ
ᠰᡠᠰᡠ (bayan susu, “prosperous ancestral land”).

der

(～縣) Bayan (a county of Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)


裕民

/jyː²² mɐn²¹/

/jyː²² mɐn²¹/

(～縣) Yumin (a county of Tacheng prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


寬甸

→ English: Kuandian

/kʰu̯än⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʰu̯än⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

滿族自治縣 滿族自治縣#Chinese

(～滿族自治縣, ～縣) Kuandian (an autonomous county of Dandong, Liaoning, China)


Hengyang

Borrowed from Mandarin 衡陽／衡阳 (Héngyáng).


湯原

/tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

/tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

(～縣) Tangyuan (a county of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China)


大庸

/tä⁵¹ jʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² jʊŋ²¹/

/tä⁵¹ jʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² jʊŋ²¹/

(～市, ～縣) (historical) Dayong (a former county-level city and county of Hunan, China; present-day Zhangjiajie)


晴隆

/t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

(～縣) Qinglong (a county of Qianxinan prefecture, Guizhou, China)


新野

/ɕin⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jɛː¹³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jɛː¹³/

(～縣) Xinye (a county of Nanyang, Henan, China)


蘿北

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔː²¹ pɐk̚⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔː²¹ pɐk̚⁵/

(～縣) Luobei (a county of Hegang, Heilongjiang, China)


仲巴

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ²² paː⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ²² paː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan འབྲོང་པ ('brong pa).

(～縣) Zhongba (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


Yangshuo

Borrowed from Mandarin 陽朔／阳朔 (Yángshuò).

On December 10, 1851 the court issued a seemingly self-confident and boastful edict,¹¹ in which it stated that Yung-an was being surrounded by imperial troops under Saishanga, who had been stationed at Yangshuo 陽朔 ; it announced, with reference to the Taiping movement, that "this wriggling little band of wretches has now become as a wandering ghost at the bottom of a caldron; whenever the day is selected it can immediately be crushed with a single blow"; and it promised that ample funds for suppressing the Taipings would be forthcoming as long as they were needed.

1958, Edwin George Beal, Jr., 釐金制度之起源 [The Origin of Likin, 1853-1864], Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 15:

To sail downstream from Kweilin between the green hills that line the banks of the Likiang around Yangshuo is a never-to-be-forgotten experience. As another popular saying has it: “Even more beautiful than the scenery of Kweilin is that of Yangshuo.”

1964, 任育地 [Jen Yu-ti], 中国地理概述 [A Concise Geography of China], Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 201:

After breakfast the next day, Ho Li-chih came to invite Yang Shu-tien and me to the Li River for a boat trip to another county, Yang-shuo.[...]This was the county of Yang-shuo that we had come to see. The respective beauties of Kuei-lin and Yang-shuo have been debated by visitors over the centuries, some extolling one and some the other.

[1977, Yee Chiang, “Kuei-lin and Yang-shuo”, in China Revisited, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 153, 155:

Though Yangshuo County agencies did not respond to requests for interviews, the park proposal suggests a sense of rivalry with Guilin and the Li River. In it, officials note that while Guilin and the Li River were designated a World Heritage Site by the United Nations last year, Yangshuo County was named as having the single best karst landscape by Chinese National Geographic magazine.

2015 September 14, Edward Wong, “Bucolic River in Southern China Seeks a Place Among Busier Rivals”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-09-16, Asia Pacific:


漾濞

/jɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/jœːŋ²² pɐi̯³³/

/jɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/jœːŋ²² pɐi̯³³/

彝族自治縣 彝族自治縣#Chinese

(～彝族自治縣, ～縣) Yangbi (an autonomous county of Dali prefecture, Yunnan, China)


德格

Borrowed from Tibetan སྡེ་དགེ (sde dge).

(～縣) Dêgê (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


色達

Borrowed from Tibetan གསེར་ཐར (gser thar).

(～縣) Sêrtar, Serthar, Sertar (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


剛察

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰaːt̚³/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰaːt̚³/

Borrowed from Tibetan རྐང་ཚ (rkang tsha), from Tibetan རྐང (rkang, “foot”) + ཚ (tsha, “salt”).

(～縣) Gangca (a county of Haibei prefecture, Qinghai, China)


富平

/fu⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/fuː³³ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/fu⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/fuː³³ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Fuping (a county of Weinan, Shaanxi, China)