Liaoning

c. 1929 From Wade–Giles romanization and/or Postal Romanization, from Mandarin 遼寧 /辽宁 (Liáoníng, literally “Tranquil Liao”); later reinforced by Hanyu Pinyin, from the name of the main river of the area. The name was restored to the area in 1954 upon the merging of the Liaoxi (“West Liao”) and Liaodong (“East Liao”) provinces.

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Name of Fengtien province changed to Liaoning.

1929 March 9 [1929 February 27], “From the Chinese Press”, in The China Weekly Review, volume XLVIII, number 2, →OCLC, page 79, column 1:

The course of the Yalu river traverses a track of country ranging from 124 20' to 128 40' E. Long. and from 39 50' to 42 15, N. Lat., the course of its main stream affording a boundary line on the south-western side of Changpai Mountain (長白山), dividing the southern parts of Liaoning Province from the Korean provinces Kankyo Nando (咸鏡南道) and Hsian Hokudo (平安北道).

1931, Wu Lien-teh, editor, Manchurian Plague Prevention Service Reports 1929-1930, volume VII, pages 208–209:

Mukden, Liaoning, Manchuria [consular district]
All of the Province of Liaoning (Fengtien) except the leased territory of Kwantung; and all that part of the Province of Kirin lying to the south of the parallel of 44° north latitude, including the following places in Kirin which are open to trade: Changchun (Kwanchengtze), Hunchun, Kirin, Lungchingtsun, Towtaokow, Wangching (Paitsaokow), and Yenki (Chützuchieh).

1933, Register of the Department of State, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, page 64:

At Lin-hsi in Jehol, Sha-kang in Hsin-min Hsien, Liaoning, and Ang-ang-hsi in Heilungchiang, cultural deposits were found in a black earth layer which lies beneath a yellowish, sandy layer in a black earth layer, making the transition from the semiarid loess stage of teh terminal Pleistocene to the semiarid condition of the present day, probably represents an ancient forest cover.

1971, Alan P. L. Liu, Communications and National Integration in Communist China, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 32:

By the 1960s Tientsin was the leading chemical manufacturing centre of China, and had become the third ranking industrial region, behind only Shanghai and the central Liaoning province region of southern Manchuria.

1972, “TIENTSIN (T'IEN-CHING)”, in Encyclopedia Britannica, volume 21, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 1140, columns 1, 2:

Indications that the Maoists are tightening their grip on farmers came in a May 7 People's Daily report from a commune at Changwu of Liaoning province.

1976 May 30, L. Chen, “Hua Kuo-feng's grip on farmers”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVII, number 21, Taipei, page 3:

After living in a village in China’s northeastern Liaoning province for 2 1/2 years, Kim Jungah could no longer bear the possibility of her daughter seeing her dragged away by Chinese authorities.

2017 December 12, Hyung-jin Kim, “AP Exclusive: Sold NKorean brides face hard choices in China”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-10-12:

A province in northeastern China. Capital: Shenyang.

Anhui · Fujian · Guangdong · Gansu · Guizhou · Henan · Hubei · Hebei · Hainan · Heilongjiang · Hunan · Jilin · Jiangsu · Jiangxi · Liaoning · Qinghai · Sichuan · Shandong · Shaanxi · Shanxi · Taiwan · Yunnan · Zhejiang

Guangxi · Inner Mongolia · Ningxia · Tibet Autonomous Region · Xinjiang

Beijing · Tianjin · Shanghai · Chongqing


Dalian

Translingual: Daliansaurus

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 大連 /大连 (Dàlián), ultimately from Russian Да́льний (Dálʹnij, literally “distant”). Related to the name of the bay called after a village located on the opposite side of the bay.

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In a rare interview, Ms. Sun spoke with pride about her blue collar past. “I come from a worker’s background, and I have a very deep and special feeling for organized labor,” she told the Dalian Daily.
As party secretary of Dalian, a city in northeastern China, Ms. Sun honed her political acumen.

2022 October 19, Alexandra Stevenson, “For Women in China’s Communist Party, It’s Lonely at the Top”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-10-19:

A major subprovincial city in Liaoning, in northeastern China.

دَالْيَان

subprovincial city in northeastern China


Dalian

Dalian (a major subprovincial city in Liaoning, in northeastern China)


Shenyang

Holonym: Liaodong

The northeastern city of Shenyang has become one of the country's chief machine building centers and plants there include one for making pneumatic mining tools and three for various types of machine tools. Also in Shenyang is a new plant that builds blast furnaces and openhearths, with the destination of Anshan.

1958 August 7, Robert Westgate, “China's Industrial Target: To Overtake Britain in 15 Years”, in The Iron Age, volume 182, number 6, page 43:

We are reasonably sure that Li is still alive in Shenyang, but there is no denying that he is now a very questionable figure.

1975 January 5, L. Chen, “Bomb planted by Wang Hung-wen?”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVI, number 1, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

I know of no industrial unit outside Lushun and Talien that was able to conclude a contract of such comprehensiveness as the glass factory and even in Shenyang where production was rapidly restored and where there were many advanced industrial enterprises, it was felt that the Lushun-Talien model was too comprehensive and of too high a standard to serve as a model for its own collective contracts.

1976, William Brugger, Democracy & organisation in the Chinese industrial enterprise (1948-1953), Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 168:

Shenyang is a sprawling industrial and financial center, the largest city in northeastern China, with a reputation as the region’s crime capital. The city was overrun with violent gangs and controlled by corrupt public officials who were regularly purged by the government in Beijing, only to be replaced by new ones. The developers Hongwei knew in Shenyang were all gangsters, and when they weren't making shady deals, they were spending their nights in private gambling parlors.

2015, Yeonmi Park, Maryanne Vollers, “Kidnapped”, in In Order to Live: A North Korean Girl's Journey to Freedom (Non-fiction), Penguin Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 169:

China’s continuing strict coronavirus controls have battered local economies across the country. But Shenyang has endured a double blow. Just 150 miles from the North Korean border, it is suffering not only from the restrictions in China, but also from those imposed by the even more isolated country next door.

2022 August 30, Vivian Wang, “Lockdowns in China, and North Korea, Deal Double Blow to Bridge City”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-30, Business:

A subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Liaoning, in northeastern China.


Shenyang

Holonym: Liaodong

Shenyang (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Liaoning, in northeastern China).


遼寧

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ nɪŋ²¹/

/l̃ieu⁵³⁻³³ nˡiŋ⁵³/

/liau²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/liau²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/liau¹³⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/liau²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ²⁴/

/liau²³⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/liou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ leŋ⁵⁵/

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/liːu̯²¹ nɪŋ²¹/

/l̃ieu⁵³⁻³³ nˡiŋ⁵³/

/liau²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/liau²⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/liau¹³⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/liau²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪŋ²⁴/

/liau²³⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/liou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ leŋ⁵⁵/

(～省) Liaoning (a province of China; capital: Shenyang)


大連

→ English: Dalian, Talien, Ta-lien

/tä⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/tai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ l̃ieŋ⁵³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɛn²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɛn¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ liɛn²³/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ liaŋ⁵⁵/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ lieŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/tai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ l̃ieŋ⁵³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɛn²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɛn¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ liɛn²³/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ liaŋ⁵⁵/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ lieŋ⁵⁵/

Ultimately from the name of the original Russian settlement, Russian Да́льний (Dálʹnij, literally “distant”). Folk etymology suggests a derivation from 褡褳／褡裢 (dālian, “type of rectangle-shaped pocket with a pouch in the middle and two bags at the ends”).

zh-l

(～市) Dalian (a subprovincial city in Liaoning, China)


大連

→ English: Dairen


大連

chữ Hán form of Đại Liên (“Dalian (a major subprovincial city in Liaoning, in northeastern China)”).


Далянь

ru-proper noun+

Даля́нь • (Daljánʹ) m inan (genitive Даля́ня)

Даля́нь (canonical)
Daljánʹ (romanization)
Даля́ня (genitive)
Даля́нь (nominative singular)
Даля́ня (genitive singular)
Даля́ню (dative singular)
Даля́нь (accusative singular)
Даля́нем (instrumental singular)
Даля́не (prepositional singular)


다롄

zh-l

大連／大连 (Dàlián)


瀋陽

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (瀋陽):
* → Japanese: 瀋陽(しんよう) (Shin'yō)
* → Korean: 심양(瀋陽) (Simyang)
* → Vietnamese: Thẩm Dương (瀋陽)

→ English: Shenyang, Shen-yang

→ Japanese: 瀋(シェン)陽(ヤン) (Shen'yan)

→ Korean: 선양 (Seonyang)

→ Zhuang: Sinjyangz

/ʂən²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐm³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/sɨm³¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/səm³¹ iɔŋ¹¹/

/sim⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²³/

/sim⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iaŋ¹³/

/ʂən²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐm³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/sɨm³¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/səm³¹ iɔŋ¹¹/

/sim⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²³/

/sim⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iaŋ¹³/

Named in reference to its location to the north (the sunny side) of the Shen River. Coined in 1296 when the Shen Prefecture (瀋州／沈州) was converted to Shenyang Circuit (瀋陽路).

(～市) Shenyang (a subprovincial city, provincial capital, and largest city in Liaoning, China)


瀋陽

Shenyang (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Liaoning, China)


Ляонин

ru-proper noun+

Ляони́н • (Ljaonín) m inan (genitive Ляони́на, relational adjective ляони́нский)

Ляони́н (canonical)
Ljaonín (romanization)
Ляони́на (genitive)
ляони́нский (adjective relational)
Ляони́н (nominative singular)
Ляони́на (genitive singular)
Ляони́ну (dative singular)
Ляони́н (accusative singular)
Ляони́ном (instrumental singular)
Ляони́не (prepositional singular)


Sinjyangz

/θin˥ jaːŋ˧˩/

Shenyang (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Liaoning, China)


Đại Liên

[ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ liən˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ʔ liəŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩˨ liəŋ˧˧]


Liêu Ninh

[liəw˧˧ nïŋ˧˧]


遼南

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ nän³⁵/

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ nän³⁵/

southern Liaoning (usually includes Dalian, Yingkou, Dandong, Anshan, and Panjin)


旅大

→ English: Lüda

/ly²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹/

/lɵy̯¹³ taːi̯²²/

/ly²¹⁴⁻²¹ tä⁵¹/

/lɵy̯¹³ taːi̯²²/

From 旅順／旅顺 (Lǚshùn, “Lüshun”) + 大連／大连 (Dàlián).

zh-l

大連／大连 (Dàlián)

(～市) (historical) Lüda (a former directly-administered municipality in China, from 1950 to 1954; former prefecture-level city in Liaoning, China, from 1954 to 1981; modern Dalian)


Lüda

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 旅大 (Lǚdà), from 旅順／旅顺 (Lǚshùn, “Lüshun”) + 大連／大连 (Dàlián, “Dalian”).

In 1898 Russia acquired a naval base in China, at Port Arthur (now part of the city of Lüda); Japan took over this base in 1905, Russia regained it in 1945, but in 1955 it was returned to China.

1987, Andrew Boyd, “China and Russia”, in An Atlas of World Affairs, 8th edition, Routledge, published 1989, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 147:

Lüda
Lüda is a double city composed of Lüshun and Dalian, located at the tip of the Liaodong Peninsula in Liaoning Province.

1989, “The Northeast”, in All China, Revised edition, Passport Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 60:

(historical) A former directly-administered municipality in China, from 1950 to 1954; former prefecture-level city in Liaoning, China, from 1954 to 1981; modern Dalian


선양

Shenyang (the provincial capital of Liaoning, China)