Kunming

Military movements are reported to be proceeding in the region of Kunming.

1930 December 31 [1930 December 30], “Rebel Army Enters Yunnan.”, in Hongkong Daily Press, number 2260, page 9, column 4:

Best known abroad are Free China’s two "back doors," the Burma Road and the Northwest Highway. The 960-mile road from Kunming to Lashio was a vast engineering feat and, after the outbreak of the Pacific war, China’s main hope for obtaining offensive armaments. In the last month before its closing it carried over 30,000 tons.

1943, Hubert Freyn, Free China's New Deal, New York: Macmillan Company, →OCLC, page 63:

Last week's focus of the war in the Far East centered squarely upon this little railroad. Because it brings supplies to the Assam Valley airfields, whence they can be flown over the "Hump" to Kunming, it is a vital part of our only link with China.

1944 April 24, “Trouble in Burma”, in Life, volume 16, number 17, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 25, column 1:

Hsiao-hua, who studied at a primary school at Kunming before he fled the mainland with his father, said he was often criticized by his classmates for his association with "bad elements." All school children on the Chinese mainland, he added, must do forced manual work and read "Quotations from Mao Tse-tung."

1975 March 23, “Freedom at last for Wu & son”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVI, number 11, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1:

In some cases, over a hundred thousand men, women, and children could be seen building five-thousand-foot solid runways for huge bombers of a type not yet built in America. These fields were being built in places east of Kunming, places with strange-sounding names like Liuchow, Kweilin, Lingling, and Hengyang, names which would all too soon become quite familiar to hundred of American airmen.

1980, Wanda Cornelius, Thayne Short, Ding Hao: America's Air War in China, 1937-1945, Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing Company, →ISBN, pages 94-95:

The schedule of the second phase of the COP15 global biodiversity talks in the southwestern Chinese city of Kunming in April is "likely to be affected" by new COVID-19 risks, environment ministry spokesman Liu Youbin said on Monday.
The second phase was supposed to see the completion of a new post-2020 global deal on biodiversity protection, following on the first round of talks in Kunming last October.

2022 January 23, Muyu Xu, David Stanway, “Biodiversity talks in China's Kunming in April may be affected by COVID”, in Christian Schmollinger, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-01-24, Environment:

A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China.

كُونْمِينْج

a prefecture-level city in southwestern China


Kunming

Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China)


雲南

Unclear. First attested in the Book of Han as a county under 益州郡, located in modern-day Xiangyun county, Yunnan.

/huŋ⁵³⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/in¹³⁻²² lam¹³/

/huŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lam⁵⁵/

/ɦyn²² nø⁴⁴/

/huŋ⁵³⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/in¹³⁻²² lam¹³/

/huŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lam⁵⁵/

/ɦyn²² nø⁴⁴/

The Book of the Later Han, circa 5ᵗʰ century CE

Yúnnán xiàn yǒu shén lù, liǎng tóu, néng shí dúcǎo.

雲南縣有神鹿，兩頭，能食毒草。

云南县有神鹿，两头，能食毒草。

(～縣) (historical) Yunnan (a former county of Yunnan province, China; now Xiangyun county, Yunnan)


Huaxi

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 花溪 (Huāxī, “flower brook”).


支那

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ naː²¹/

/t͡sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ na⁵⁵/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³/

/t͡si³³ nã⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁵³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁴¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/t͡siː⁵⁵ naː²¹/

/t͡sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ na⁵⁵/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³/

/t͡si³³ nã⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁵³/

/t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁴¹/

(～鄉) Zhina (a township in Yingjiang, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


太平

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (太平):
* → Japanese: 太平(たいへい) (taihei)
* → Korean: 태평(太平) (taepyeong)
* → Vietnamese: thái bình (太平)

→ Manchu: ᡨᠠᡳᡶᡳᠨ (taifin)

desc

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠫᠢᠩ (tayiping)

Mongolian: тайван (tajvan)

→ Tuvan: тайбың (taybıñ)

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/tʰuɛ³³ peiŋ²¹/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaŋ⁵³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪŋ²³/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/tʰuɛ³³ peiŋ²¹/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaŋ⁵³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪŋ²³/

寧為太平犬，不做亂世人／宁为太平犬，不做乱世人

nìng wéi tàipíng quǎn, bù zuò luànshì rén

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Shawan district, Leshan, Yunnan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Yao'an, Chuxiong prefecture, Yunnan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Yingjiang, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a former town in Anning, Kunming, Yunnan, China)

(～鎮) Taiping (a town in Sidian, Baoshan, Yunnan, China)


國門

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ muːn²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ mŋ̍¹³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/*kʷɯːɡ mɯːn/

/ku̯ɔ³⁵ mən³⁵/

/kʷɔːk̚³ muːn²¹/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ mŋ̍¹³/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/

/kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

/*kʷɯːɡ mɯːn/

(～社區) Guomen (a residential community of Mengmao, Ruili, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China, actually governed by Jiegao Border Trade Zone)


安寧

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (安寧):
* → Japanese: 安寧(あんねい) (annei)
* → Korean: 안녕(安寧) (annyeong)
* → Vietnamese: an ninh (安寧)

/ˀän⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/an³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ leŋ⁵⁵/

/ø⁵⁵ n̠ʲin²¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/an³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ leŋ⁵⁵/

/ø⁵⁵ n̠ʲin²¹/

(～市) Anning (a county-level city in Kunming, Yunnan, China)


弥勒

From Middle Chinese 彌勒 (mjie lok), from Sanskrit मैत्रेय (maitreya).

Mile (a county-level city in Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


彌勒

Sino-Xenic (彌勒):
* → Japanese: 弥(み)勒(ろく) (Miroku)
* → Korean: 미륵(彌勒) (Mireuk)
* → Vietnamese: Di Lặc (彌勒)

→ Korean: 미러 (Mireo, “Mile”)

/mi⁵³⁻³³ l̃ɛiʔ⁵/

/bi²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/bi²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/bi²⁴⁻²² liɪk̚⁴/

/bi¹³⁻²² liɪk̚¹²¹/

/bi²⁴⁻²² liak̚²⁴/

/mĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/mĩ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/mi⁵³⁻³³ l̃ɛiʔ⁵/

/bi²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/bi²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/bi²⁴⁻²² liɪk̚⁴/

/bi¹³⁻²² liɪk̚¹²¹/

/bi²⁴⁻²² liak̚²⁴/

/mĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/mĩ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

From early Middle Indo-Aryan in forms like *Metreka, due to alternation of -k- and -y- that can be found in Middle-Indic languages such as Gandhari and Ashokan Prakrit. Ji (1998v11) considers the most likely direct ancestor to be Tocharian A Metrak, which also gave rise to Tocharian B Maitrāk. Cf. Bactrian Μητραγα (Mētraga) (Karashima, 2010); connected to the Gandhari 𐨨𐨅𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨅𐨩 (metreya) and Sanskrit मैत्रेय (maitreya). However, the frequently-cited form Maitreya is not a direct ancestor. Ji (ibid.) further finds the root of both the word and the religious figure in Sanskrit मैत्री (maitrī, “goodwill; close union; friendship”) and related to मित्र (mitra, “Mitra”).

der

(～市) Mile (a county-level city in Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


金平

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/kim³³⁻²³ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/kim³³⁻²³ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

苗族瑤族傣族自治縣 苗族瑤族傣族自治縣#Chinese

(～苗族瑤族傣族自治縣, ～縣) Jinping (an autonomous county of Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


威信

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕin⁵¹/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ sɵn³³/

/ui⁴⁴⁻²² sin²¹/

/ui⁴⁴⁻²² sin²¹/

/ui⁴⁴⁻³³ sin¹¹/

/ui⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²¹/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ɕin⁵¹/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ sɵn³³/

/ui⁴⁴⁻²² sin²¹/

/ui⁴⁴⁻²² sin²¹/

/ui⁴⁴⁻³³ sin¹¹/

/ui⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²¹/

(～縣) Weixin (a county of Zhaotong, Yunnan, China)


昭陽

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～區) Zhaoyang (a district of Zhaotong, Yunnan, China)


Lijiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 麗江／丽江 (Lìjiāng).

The main road to Lichiang-fu, by Ho-ch'ing, is not followed by the muleteers, except by request, as there is a high mountain to cross.

[1922 December 2, [Francis] Kingdon Ward, “Mr. Kingdon Ward’s Seventh Expedition in Asia. No. III. To Lichiang.”, in The Gardeners’ Chronicle: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Horticulture and Allied Subjects, volume LXXI (Third Series), number 1875, London: 5 Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, W.C.2, →OCLC, page 325, column 1:

A 5.5 magnitude earthquake that rattled the city of Lijiang in southwestern China's Yunnan province on Sunday injured 15 people, the Yunnan Earthquake Agency said on its social media feed.

2022 January 2, Tony Munroe, Min Zhang, “Earthquake in southwest China's Yunnan injures 15 people”, in Neil Fullick, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-01-02, China:

A prefecture-level city northwestern Yunnan, China.


河口

/xɤ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xə²⁴ kʰou⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ hɐu̯³⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɤ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xə²⁴ kʰou⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ hɐu̯³⁵/

～瑤族自治縣 河口瑤族自治縣#Chinese

Hekou Yao Autonomous County
w:Hekou Yao Autonomous County

(～瑤族自治縣, ～縣) Hekou Yao Autonomous County (a county of Yunnan, China)


昆明

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (昆明):
* → Japanese: 昆(こん)明(めい) (Konmei)
* → Vietnamese: Côn Minh (昆明)

→ English: Kunming

→ Hungarian: Kunming

→ Portuguese: Kunming

→ Russian: Куньми́н (Kunʹmín)

→ Spanish: Kunming

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/

/kʰouŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kʰuŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/

/kʰouŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kʰuŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/

Originally the endonym of an ethnic group living in what is now western Yunnan province and southwestern Sichuan province.

(～市) Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China)


會澤

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

(～縣) Huize (a county of Qujing, Yunnan, China)


天星

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰin³³ ɬɪŋ³³/

/tʰĩ³³⁴ san³³⁴/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰin³³ ɬɪŋ³³/

/tʰĩ³³⁴ san³³⁴/

(～鎮) Tianxing (a town in Daguan, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China)


Lake Dian

The chapter will therefore range much more widely than the previous ones, to take in places and events as diverse as the bronzes cast near the shores of Lake Dian in Yunnan province in the south-west, and the Tagar culture in the Yenisei valley in southern Siberia.

1980, Jessica Rawson, “The Eastern Zhou”, in Ancient China: Art and Archaeology, London: Book Club Associates, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 133:

The 74-year-old strident campaigner has spent his life trying to protect the sprawling Lake Dian in southwestern China, challenging businesses to clean up their act around the local beauty spot and reporting those who pollute it.[…]But a plan to divert fresh water to Lake Dian from the Yangtze river 400 kilometres away will take years to complete.

2021 November 16, “'The water is poison': Chinese activist spends life protecting polluted lake”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2021-11-16:


Yunling

The great Himalayan chain which forms the southern boundary of its land of origin, is intercepted on the south-east confines of Tibet by a transverse mountain system, originating with the Yunling and allied ranges, and also forming the ultra-Indian peninsulas, by which the Hoangho is forced far north, and ultimately finds its way into the Gulf of Pecheli.

1876, A. R. McMahon, The Karens of the Golden Chersonese, London: Harrison, →OCLC, pages 1–2:

We have seen that SAUNDERS in this region has three tremendous ranges, more enormous than even those of Richthofen. He even goes so far as to make Himalaya continue uninterruptedly, to the N. E., and to make the Yunling Mountains of western China practically one and the same fold as the Himalaya.

1922, Sven Hedin, Southern Tibet, volume 7, Stockholm, →OCLC, page 332:

Topographically, the province is divided roughly into two major sections with the valleyland of the Yuanjiang River and the low-lying dale east of the Yunling Range as the demarcation line: the Hengduan Mountains are to the west and the Eastern Yunnan Plateau is to the east.

1992, Shunwu Zhou, “Yunnan Province”, in China Provincial Geography [中国分省地理], Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 386:

Black and white coloring, Mohican haircut, buxom lips and cute faces wearing a human smile, Yunnan golden monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti), also known as the black/black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys, roam in the rugged Yunling Range in southwestern Yunnan Province.

2021 November 12, Xinyi Song, “Endeavoring to protect golden monkeys”, in Shanghai Daily, archived from the original on 2021-11-15:

A mountain range in Yunnan, in southern China


Pu'er

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 普洱 (Pǔ'ěr). As the tea, shortened from Pu'er tea.

An earthquake measuring 6.4 on the Richter scale struck Pu'er City, Yunnan Province, early last Sunday.

2007 June 8, “Earthquake kills three”, in Beijing Today, →OCLC, page 3:

In order to improve the quality of Pu'er Tea, Pu'er City strengthened the construction of ecological tea orchards bases.

2011, Xiaoxi Li, Jiancheng Pan, editors, China Green Development Index Report 2011, →ISBN, page 200:

Lancang Lahu Autonomous County is an autonomous county under the jurisdiction of Pu'er City in south-western Yunnan Province.

2018, Ralph E. Harbach, Culicipedia, CABI, →ISBN, page 206:

A prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China.


Mohan

From Mandarin 磨憨 (Móhān) or Lü ᦢᦸᧈᦠᦱᧃ (ḃoa¹ḣaan).

bor

Lü ᦢᦸᧈᦠᦱᧃ (ḃoa¹ḣaan)

At least 30 Uyghurs were apprehended at the town of Mohan on the border with Laos in Yunnan’s Mengla county in late September, and scores of others were detained around the province in recent weeks, a Uyghur merchant in the province told RFA’s Uyghur Service.

2013 October 3, Shohret Hoshur, Rachel Vandenbrink, “100 Uyghurs Rounded Up in Police Hunt in Yunnan”, in Shohret Hoshur, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2014-10-30:

A Southeast Asia media delegation recently participated in the "China-Laos Railway Journey", at the invitation by the People's Government of Yunnan Province, to visit Kunming, Pu'er and Xishuangbanna, and learnt of the immigration and customs procedures at the transit station in Mohan, located at the China-Laos border.

2023 June 21, Bernama, “Stricter procedures entering China via railways from Southeast Asia”, in The Straits Times, archived from the original on 2023-06-22:

A border town neighbouring Laos in Mengla County, Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China.


紅河

/xʊŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

/xʊŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

Calqued from a Western language; compare French fleuve Rouge, English Red River.

～哈尼族彝族自治州 紅河哈尼族彝族自治州#Chinese

(～哈尼族彝族自治州, ～州) Honghe (a Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture in Yunnan, China)

(～縣) Honghe (a county of Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


曲靖

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sɪŋ²²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/kʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sɪŋ²²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/kʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ²²/

(～市) Qujing (a prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China)


南沙

→ English: Nansha

/nän³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Nansha (a town in Yuanyang, Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


普洱

→ English: Pu'er, Puer

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰou̯³⁵ nei̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ nei̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ jiː¹³/

/pʰu³³ ɦəl⁴⁴/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰou̯³⁵ nei̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ nei̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ jiː¹³/

/pʰu³³ ɦəl⁴⁴/

(～市) Pu'er, Puer (a prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China)


西雙版納

desc

→ English: Hsishuangpanna, Hsi-shuang-pan-na, Xishuangbanna

ㄒㄧ ㄕㄨㄤ ㄅㄢˇ ㄋㄚˋ

Сишуанбаньна

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ sœːŋ⁵⁵ paːn³⁵ naːp̚²/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ sœːŋ⁵⁵ paːn³⁵ naːp̚²/

Borrowed from Lü ᧑᧒ᦗᧃᦓᦱ (12pannaa) or ᦉᦲᧇᦉᦸᧂᦗᧃᦓᦱ (ṡiibṡoangpannaa).

～傣族自治州 西雙版納傣族自治州#Chinese

autonomous prefecture
autonomous prefecture

(～傣族自治州, ～州) Xishuangbanna (an autonomous prefecture of Yunnan, China)


富源

/fu⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/fu⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Fuyuan (a county of Qujing, Yunnan, China)


石鼓

→ English: Shigu

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² kuː³⁵/

/səʔ⁵⁴⁻² ku⁵³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɔ⁵³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kɔ⁵³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɔ⁴¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² kuː³⁵/

/səʔ⁵⁴⁻² ku⁵³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɔ⁵³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kɔ⁵³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɔ⁴¹/

(～鎮) Shigu (a town in Yulong, Lijiang, Yunnan, China)


미러

zh-l

彌勒／弥勒 (Mílè)

Koreans in China
Xinhai Revolution
ko:미러 시


大理

/tä⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tai²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/

/tä⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tai²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/

～白族自治州 大理白族自治州#Chinese

Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture
w:Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture

(～白族自治州, ～州) Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (an autonomous prefecture of Yunnan, China)

(～市) Dali (a county-level city in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China)

(～鎮, ～古城) Dali (a town in Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China, also known as Dali Old Town)


普渡

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ²²/

/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ²²/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ³³/

/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔ³³/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ²²/

/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ²²/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tɔ³³/

/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɔ³³/

(～河) Pudu River (a river in Yunnan, China)


洱海

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵/


麗江

/li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lɐi̯²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/li³⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lɐi̯²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/li³⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

納西族自治縣 納西族自治縣#Chinese

(～市, formerly ～納西族自治縣, ～縣) Lijiang (a prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China)


臨滄

/lin³⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/lim²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lim²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ³³/

/lim¹³⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lim²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lim²³⁻³³ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lin³⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/lim²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lim²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ³³/

/lim¹³⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lim²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lim²³⁻³³ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

(～市) Lincang (a prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China)


昭通

→ English: Chao-t'ung, Zhaotong

→ Lü: ᦋᧁᧈᦒᦳᧂᧈ (tsaw¹thung¹)

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siau³³ tʰɔŋ³³/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siau³³ tʰɔŋ³³/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

(～市) Zhaotong (a prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China)


玉溪

/jʊk̚² kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ŋyʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ kʰɛ⁵⁵/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² kʰe⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚²⁴⁻² kʰe³³/

/ɡiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰe⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² kʰe⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² kʰe⁴⁴/

/jʊk̚² kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ŋyʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ kʰɛ⁵⁵/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² kʰe⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚²⁴⁻² kʰe³³/

/ɡiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰe⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² kʰe⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² kʰe⁴⁴/

(～市) Yuxi (a prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China)


保山

→ English: Baoshan, Pao-shan

→ Lü: ᦗᧁᦌᦱᧃᧈ (pawsaan¹)

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～市) Baoshan (a prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China)


怒江

→ English: Nujiang

/nu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/nou̯²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/nu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/nou̯²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

～傈僳族自治州 怒江傈僳族自治州#Chinese

(～傈僳族自治州, ～州) Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture (an autonomous prefecture of Yunnan, China)


楚雄

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː³⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː³⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

～彝族自治州 楚雄彝族自治州#Chinese

(～彝族自治州, ～州) Chuxiong (an Yi autonomous prefecture in Yunnan, China)

(～市) Chuxiong (a city in Chuxiong Prefecture, Yunnan, China)


迪慶

/ti³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/tɪk̚² hɪŋ³³/

/ti³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/tɪk̚² hɪŋ³³/

Borrowed from Tibetan བདེ་ཆེན (bde chen, “great bliss”). Doublet of 德欽／德钦 (Déqīn).

zh-l

德欽／德钦 (Déqīn)

～藏族自治州 迪慶藏族自治州#Chinese

Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
w:Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

(～藏族自治州, ～州) Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (an autonomous prefecture of Yunnan, China)


文山

/wən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/wən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

～壯族苗族自治州 文山壯族苗族自治州#Chinese

(～壯族苗族自治州, ～州) Wenshan (an autonomous prefecture of Yunnan, China)

(～市, formerly ～縣) Wenshan (a county-level city in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan, China, formerly a county)


瀾滄

/län³⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/laːn²¹ t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/län³⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/laːn²¹ t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Lao ລ້ານຊ້າງ (lān sāng, “Lan Xang”, literally “million elephants”). Compare Thai ล้านช้าง (láan-cháang).

bor

～拉祜族自治縣 瀾滄拉祜族自治縣#Chinese

Lancang Lahu Autonomous County
w:Lancang Lahu Autonomous County

(～拉祜族自治縣, ～縣) Lancang Lahu Autonomous County (an autonomous county of Pu'er, Yunnan, China)


香格里拉

ㄒㄧㄤ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄚ

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ kaːk̚³ lei̯¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ kaːk̚³ lei̯¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵/

Borrowed from English Shangri-La; compare 香巴拉 (Xiāngbālā, “Shambala”).

(～市) Shangri-La City (a county-level city in Diqing prefecture, Yunnan, China)


瑞麗

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/sɵy̯²² lɐi̯²²/

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/sɵy̯²² lɐi̯²²/

(～市) Ruili (a county-level city in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan, China)


騰衝

→ English: T'eng-ch'ung, Tengchong

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɐŋ²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɐŋ²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Tengchong (a county-level city in Baoshan, Yunnan, China)


景洪

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xʊŋ³⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xʊŋ³⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/

(～市) Jinghong (a county-level city in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China)


思茅

/sz̩⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ maːu̯²¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ maːu̯²¹/

(～區) Simao (a district of Pu'er, Yunnan, China)

(～街道) Simao (a subdistrict of Simao district, Pu'er, Yunnan, China)


畹町

/wän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn³⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/wän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn³⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tai Nüa ᥝᥢᥰ ᥖᥥᥒ (wän teng, “the sun shining overhead”).

(～鎮) Wanding (a town in Ruili, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)

(～市) (historical) Wanding (a former county-level city in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China, now part of Ruili City)


馬龍

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

(～縣) Malong County (a county of Yunnan, China)


祥雲

/ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵ yn³⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵ yn³⁵/

(～縣) Xiangyun County (a county of Yunnan, China)


廣南

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ naːm²¹/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nän³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ naːm²¹/

(～縣) Guangnan (a county of Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan, China)


石林

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ lin³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² lɐm²¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ lin³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² lɐm²¹/

彝族自治縣 彝族自治縣#Chinese

(～彝族自治縣, ～縣) Shilin (a Yi autonomous county in Kunming, Yunnan, China)


白馬

/paɪ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² be⁵⁵⁴/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bɛ⁵³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² be⁵⁵⁴/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bɛ⁵³/

(～雪山) Baima Snow Mountain (a mountain in Yunnan, China)


河口瑤族自治縣

ㄏㄜˊ ㄎㄡˇ ㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

Хэкоу Яоцзу Цзычжисянь

/xɤ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ hɐu̯³⁵ jiːu̯²¹ t͡sʊk̚² t͡siː²² t͡siː²² jyːn²²/

Hekou Yao Autonomous County (a county of Yunnan, China)


下關

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/haː²² kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/haː²² kʷaːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮) (historical) Xiaguan (a former town in Dali, Dali prefecture, Yunnan, China)

(～市) (historical) Xiaguan (a former city in Dali prefecture, Yunnan, China; merged with Dali county in 1983 to form the county-level city of Dali)


Dali

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 大理 (Dàlǐ).

Away over in South-west China, in the Tali prefecture of Yunnan Province, there lies Chungtien County. Set amongst a tumbled mass of mountains rising to the snow line, it is not easily accessible.

[1971, Rewi Alley, “In and around Canton in November 1970”, in Eastern Horizon, volume X, number 1, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 11, column 2:

Eight people entered an abandoned tin mine in the province’s Dali autonomous prefecture on Saturday night, and their excavation caused the mine to cave in,[…]

2008 March 3, Alfred Cang, “China tin mine collapse kills seven: report”, in Ken Wills, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-05-18, WORLD NEWS:

A Bai autonomous prefecture in Yunnan province, China.


ᦵᦙᦲᧂᦶᦉ

Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China)


ᦵᦋᧂᦣᦳᧂᧈ

Chinese: 景洪 (Jǐnghóng)

/t͡ɕeŋ˥˩.huŋ˧/

Jinghong (a county-level city in Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China)


邆川

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Since Mieluopi and Duoluowang lost Tengchuan and Langqiong, they withdrew and were forced to occupy Jian and Gong.

Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 4, part 10

Miēluópí, Duóluówàng jì shī Téngchuān, Làngqióng, tuì ér bī duó jiàn, gòng

咩羅皮、鐸羅望既失邆川、浪穹，退而逼奪劍、共

咩罗皮、铎罗望既失邆川、浪穹，退而逼夺剑、共

(historical) Tengchuan (a prefecture in modern-day Eryuan County, Yunnan)


元謀

/ɥɛn³⁵ moʊ̯³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ mɐu̯²¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ moʊ̯³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ mɐu̯²¹/

(～縣) Yuanmou (a county of Chuxiong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


南詔

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (南詔):
* → Japanese: 南(なん)詔(しょう) (Nanshō)
* → Korean: 남조(南詔) (Namjo)
* → Vietnamese: Nam Chiếu (南詔)

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(historical) Nanzhao (a kingdom that flourished in present-day Yunnan, China, between 739 and 902 CE.)

(～鎮) Nanzhao (a town in Weishan, Dali prefecture, Yunnan, China)


南華

/nän³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/nän³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

(～縣) Nanhua (a county of Chuxiong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


Quảng Nam

→ English: Quảng Nam

[waːŋ˨˩˦ naːm˧˧]


彌渡

Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture
Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture#English

(～縣) Midu (a county of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China)


Anning

From Pi-chi Kuan to An-ning chou 安甯州 (now An-ning hsien) is 50 li. An-ning is a walled city lying in a valley at an altitude of 6,000 feet. In ancient days it was the T’ang-lang-ch’uan 螳螂川 (Mantis stream) of the Tien Kingdom. A small trail here branches off to the town of Wu-ting 武定, three stages to the north of K’un-ming and a distance of 210 li from An-ning. (A motorroad has now been built.)

[1947, Joseph F. Rock, “Introduction”, in The Ancient Na-khi Kingdom of Southwest China, volume 1, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 15:

CNPC’s refinery comprises one of the auxiliary infrastructures of Sino-Burma crude oil pipelines, which just entered the Industrial Park of Anning City, Yunnan Province in 2013. The pipeline stands at the windward of the “City of Eternal Spring” and upstream side of the “City of Water Shortage,” Kunming.

2014, Yangtze River Delta Earth First!, “Environmental Group Events in Today's China”, in Alexander Reid Ross, editor, Grabbing Back: Essays Against the Global Land Grab, AK Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781849351898/page/n143/:

PetroChina has also been building a 260,000 barrels per day (bpd) refinery at Anning in Yunnan province to process the oil, which so far can only be stored in tanks.

2016 October 10, Aizhu Chen, Aung Hla Tun, “New China refinery faces delay as Myanmar seeks extra oil tax: sources”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2018-10-10, Commodities:

A county-level city in Kunming, Yunnan, China.


Xishuangbanna

/ˌʃiːʃwɑŋbɑnˈnɑː/

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 西雙版納／西双版纳 (Xīshuāngbǎnnà), from Lü ᧑᧒ᦗᧃᦓᦱ (12pannaa) or ᦉᦲᧇᦉᦸᧂᦗᧃᦓᦱ (ṡiibṡoangpannaa) meaning twelve townships of rice-fields.

After a drive of nearly ten hours, through small villages of thatched houses built on stilts, we stop on the last hairpin bend halfway down the mountain. Below, brilliant green and glistening wet, lies Xishuangbanna, in China’s southernmost valley.

1980 [1978], Jan Bredsdorff, translated by Alice Roughton, Revolution tur/retur [To China and Back], New York: Pantheon Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 164–165:

In Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna Prefecture (pronounced she-shwang-ban-na), a cavalcade of bronze and stone elephant statues — some ferocious looking, others positively giddy — have been mounted on traffic islands and in front of new Thai-style shopping malls.

2014 April 25, Andrew Jacobs, “In Land That Values Ivory, Wild Elephants Find a Safe Haven”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-04-26, Asia Pacific:

A herd then consisting of 16 elephants left their home in Xishuangbanna 300 km further south in March last year and eventually settled in a protected habitat in Puer.

2021 August 9, David Stanway, “China's wild elephants head to safety after long trek”, in Tom Hogue, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-08-10:

An autonomous prefecture of Yunnan, China.

𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 𑜍𑜣 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 𑜍𑜪

müṅ rī müṅ raṃ


Mengzi

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese for 蒙自 (Méngzì).

People read at a library on World Book Day in Mengzi, Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Honghe in southwest China's Yunnan Province, April 23, 2022.

2022 April 23, “World Book Day marked across China”, in huaxia, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2022-04-23:

A county-level city in Honghe, in southeastern Yunnan, China.


開遠

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ jyːn²²/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ jyːn²²/


宣威

/ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/syːn⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/syːn⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Xuanwei (a county-level city in Qujing, Yunnan, China)


五華

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ waː²¹/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ waː²¹/

(～區) Wuhua (a district of Kunming, Yunnan, China)


芒市

/mɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/mɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

芒 (máng) is the same Tai word as 勐 (měng).


Yuxi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 玉溪 (Yùxī).

This turn to tobacco is not surprising, since Eshan lies smack dab in the center of China’s prime tobacco road country; the Yuxi area has long had a name for good smokes. The Hongta Shan brand cigarette factory in Yuxi City is one of the largest enterprises in all of China, paying fully half of Yunnan’s taxes to the central tax bureau and accounting for 40 percent of the province’s own revenues.

2001, Gregory Eliyu Guldin, What's a Peasant to Do?: Village becoming Town in Southern China, Westview Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 61:

For Shu Xiao, 27, a schoolteacher in Yuxi, a city in the southwestern province of Yunnan, group dinners can be discomfiting. Ms. Shu said her family has used serving chopsticks at home since last year, when reports were circulating about a local outbreak of stomach bacteria.

2020 May 25, Amy Qin, “Virus Threatens Chinese Traditions of Chopsticks and Family-Style Meals”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-05-25, Asia Pacific:

According to the Chinese state-run news agency, Xinhua, the herd on Wednesday was in Yuxi, about 20 kilometers (12 miles) from Kunming, a city of 7 million people.

2021 June 2, “Elephant herd wanders toward Chinese city of 7 million”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2021-06-02, Asia:

A prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China.


Zhaotong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 昭通 (Zhāotōng).

Military chieftains of three Communist "military regions" (Chengtu, Kunming and Canton) and five provincial “military districts” (Szechwon^([sic – meaning Szechwan]), Tibet, Yunnan, Kweichow and Kwangsi) held a joint conference last September in Chaotung, Yunnan, to discuss measures to be taken against the guerrilla forces.

[1977 November 27, “Guerrilla activities”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVIII, number 47, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3, column 4:

The US Geological Survey said the magnitude-6.1 quake struck at a depth of 10 kilometres (6 miles) at around 8:30 a.m. (GMT).
Most of the deaths were in Zhaotong City, the Xinhua state news agency reported.

2014 August 3, “Hundreds dead after quake strikes Yunnan province”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2014-08-03:


Qujing

/t͡ʃuːˈd͡ʒɪŋ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 曲靖 (Qūjìng).

The traffic in eggs was enormous, and I found, on inquiry, that they came from the prefectural city of Ch'ü-ching Fu, as a collecting centre, a four and a half days' journey to the north-east of Yunnan Fu, and that the traffic ceased in summer, not owing to the heat, which, one might imagine, would have a tendency to addle the eggs, but to the concomitant of heat and moisture, the mosquito, the female of which pierces the shells with her proboscis and thereby admits the air.

[1914, Alexander Hosie, On the Trail of the Opium Poppy, volume 1, Small, Maynard & Company, →OCLC, page 88:

The most prominent service Tuan rendered to the Mongols was the suppression of the uprising in 1264 of some 100,000 people from the various tribes in Yunnan. The uprising spread from the present Yuhsi in Yunnan to other towns like Chuching and Chuhsiung, and finally Chungching (Kunming) fell to the rebel forces.

[1978 July, Yu-ting Tu, Chen Lu-fan, “Was There a Massive Exodus of Thais?”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XVII, number 7, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 30, column 1:

Although 96% of the city’s population are ethnic Han Chinese, there is a collection of minority peoples also in Qujing. The largest of these are the more-than 16,000 Yi, followed by 11,000 Hui, 3,000 Miao and 1,200 members of the Bai nationality.

2001 February, Paul Hattaway, China's Unreached Cities, volume 1, Chiang Mai, Thailand: Darawan Printing, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 76, column 1:


Lincang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 臨滄／临沧 (Líncāng).

Shelling from neighbouring Myanmar on Thursday wounded five people in the southern Chinese province of Yunnan, state media reported on Friday, the latest incidence of cross-border fire that has strained ties between the neighbours.
Shells landed in an area near the small city of Lincang, state media reported on Friday, citing the local propaganda bureau. Four houses and three vehicles were also damaged.

2015 May 15, Megha Rajagopalan, “China says five injured by artillery shells from Myanmar”, in Alex Richardson, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-14, World News:

Water and mud burst from the tunnel as work was underway Tuesday evening in the Yunnan province city of Lincang, trapping 13 workers inside.
The news office of the Lincang city government said five were pulled from the rubble, but only one survived and was hospitalized in stable condition.

2019 November 27, “Tunnel collapses in southwest China; 4 dead, 8 missing”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-10-10:


Baoshan

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 保山 (Bǎoshān).


朱提

/ʂu⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ʂu³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/syː²¹ siː²¹/

/ʂu⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ʂu³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/syː²¹ siː²¹/

(～山) Mount Shushi (a mountain in Yunnan, China, known for producing silver)

(～縣) Shushi (a former county established in the Western Han dynasty in present-day Zhaotong, Yunnan, China)


巴美

/pä⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pä⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～村) Bamê (a village in Foshan, Dêqên, Dêqên prefecture, Yunnan, China)


鄭營

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ iŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ iŋ³⁵/

(～村) Zhengying (a village in Baoxiu, Shiping, Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


Gunhmingz

Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China)


Gucheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 古城 (Gǔchéng).


白沙

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Baisha (a town in Yulong, Lijiang, Yunnan, China)


竹山

→ English: Chu-shan, Zhushan

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ san⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ san⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Zhushan (a town in Yiliang, Kunming, Yunnan, China)


蒙自

/mɤŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/mʊŋ²¹ t͡siː²²/

/mɤŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/mʊŋ²¹ t͡siː²²/

(～市) Mengzi (a county-level city in Yunnan, China)


八卦山

/pä⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/paːt̚³ kʷaː³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ kua²¹⁻⁵³ suã⁴⁴/

/pat̚⁵⁻²⁴ kua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ suã³³/

/pat̚³²⁻⁵ kua²¹⁻⁵³ suã⁴⁴/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ kua¹¹⁻⁵³ suã⁴⁴/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ kua²¹⁻⁴¹ suã⁴⁴/

/pä⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/paːt̚³ kʷaː³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ kua²¹⁻⁵³ suã⁴⁴/

/pat̚⁵⁻²⁴ kua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ suã³³/

/pat̚³²⁻⁵ kua²¹⁻⁵³ suã⁴⁴/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ kua¹¹⁻⁵³ suã⁴⁴/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ kua²¹⁻⁴¹ suã⁴⁴/

(～林場) Baguashan (a forestry area in Changning, Baoshan, Yunnan, China)


大寨

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² t͡saːi̯²²/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² t͡saːi̯²²/

(～鎮) Dazhai (a town in Yun, Lincang, Yunnan, China)

(～鎮) Dazhai (a town in Qiaojia, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China)


曲江

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Qu River (a tributary of the Nanpan River in Yunnan, China)


น่านเจ้า

th-proper noun

น่านเจ้า • (nâan-jâo)

Nanzhao (a kingdom that flourished in present-day Yunnan, China, between 739 and 902 CE.)


လၢၼ်ႉၸဝ်ႈ

head

လၢၼ်ႉၸဝ်ႈ • (lâ̰an tsāo)

shn-proper noun

လၢၼ်ႉၸဝ်ႈ • (lâ̰an tsāo)

/laːn˦˨ˀ.t͡ɕaw˧˧˨/


Di Lặc

[jɪj˧˧ lak̚˨˩ʔ]

[jɪj˧˧ lak̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 彌勒, from Literary Chinese 彌勒 (mjie lok).

Honghe Hani and Yi
Honghe Hani and Yi#English

Mile (a county-level city in Honghe Hani and Yi prefecture, Yunnan, China)


沙甸

/ʂä⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʂä⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

(～街道, formerly ～鎮) Shadian (a subdistrict and former town in Gejiu, Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


箇舊

/kɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɔː³³ kɐu̯²²/

/kɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɔː³³ kɐu̯²²/

(～市) Gejiu (a county-level city in Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


雞街

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Jijie (a town in Xundian, Kunming, Yunnan, China)

(～鎮) Jijie (a town in Gejiu, Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


Yulong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 玉龍／玉龙 (Yùlóng).

A Naxi autonomous county in Lijiang, Yunnan, China.


馬關

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Maguan (a county of Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan, China)


Baisha

From the Mandarin 白沙 (Báishā, literally “white sand”).

bor

A town in Yulong, Lijiang, Yunnan, China


祿豐

desc

⇒ Translingual: Lufengosaurus, Lufengpithecus

/lu⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/lʊk̚² fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lu⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/lʊk̚² fʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Lufeng (a county of Chuxiong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


大窪

⇒ Translingual: Tawasaurus

/taːi̯²² waː⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² waː⁵⁵/

(～村) Dawa (a village in Jinshan, Lufeng, Chuxiong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


元陽

/ɥɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Yuanyang (a county of Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


Lufeng

Translingual: Lufengosaurus

Hsinhua said that the almost complete lower jawbone, two other fossilized jawbones and more than 40 fossilized teeth from ancient apes were found in coal seams in Lufeng county in the southwest province of Yunnan.

1977 April 18, “China Says Bone Find Is New Link to Man”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-03-08, page 18:


南盤江

Наньпаньцзян

/nän³⁵ pʰän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ pʰuːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ pʰän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ pʰuːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Nanpan River (a river in Yunnan and Guizhou, China)


北盤江

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ pʰuːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ pʰuːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Beipan River (a river in Yunnan and Guizhou, China)


剝隘

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/mɔːk̚⁵ aːi̯³³/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/mɔːk̚⁵ aːi̯³³/

(～鎮) Bo'ai (a town in Funing, Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan, China)


硯山

/jɛn⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/jɛn⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yanshan (a county of Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan, China)


麻栗坡

/mä³⁵ li⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/maː²¹ lɵt̚² pɔː⁵⁵/

/mä³⁵ li⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/maː²¹ lɵt̚² pɔː⁵⁵/

(～縣) Malipo (a county of Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan, China)


富寧

/fuː³³ nɪŋ²¹/

/fuː³³ nɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Funing (a county of Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan, China)


龍陵

/lʊŋ³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

/lʊŋ³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Longling (a county of Baoshan, Yunnan, China)


呈貢

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ kʊŋ³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ kʊŋ³³/

(～區) Chengggong (a district of Kunming, Yunnan, China)


虎跳峽

ㄏㄨˇ ㄊㄧㄠˋ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

/xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/fuː³⁵ tʰiːu̯³³ haːp̚²/

/xu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/fuː³⁵ tʰiːu̯³³ haːp̚²/

Tiger Leaping Gorge (canyon on the Jinsha River in Yunnan)


勐臘

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵¹/

/maːŋ¹³ laːp̚²/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵¹/

/maːŋ¹³ laːp̚²/

(～縣) Mengla (a county of Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China)


勐海

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːŋ¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːŋ¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～縣) Menghai (a county of Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China)


孟連

/mɤŋ⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/mɤŋ⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

傣族拉祜族佤族自治縣 傣族拉祜族佤族自治縣#Chinese

(～傣族拉祜族佤族自治縣, ～縣) Menglian (an autonomous county of Pu'er, Yunnan, China)


耿馬

/kɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐŋ³⁵ maː¹³/

/kɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐŋ³⁵ maː¹³/

傣族佤族自治縣 傣族佤族自治縣#Chinese

(～傣族佤族自治縣, ～縣) Gengma (an autonomous county of Lincang, Yunnan, China)


鎮雄

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ hʊŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ hʊŋ²¹/

(～縣) Zhenxiong (a county of Zhaotong, Yunnan, China)


景東

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

彝族自治縣 彝族自治縣#Chinese

(～彝族自治縣, ～縣) Jingdong (an autonomous county of Pu'er, Yunnan, China)


Nujiang

/ˈnuːˈd͡ʒiæŋ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 怒江 (Nùjiāng).

On the side of a commercial van in the city, I saw the logo “Shangri-la Tours” written in English. Miffed by Lijiang's presumption, the Nujiang prefecture along the Salween River appointed a committee of academicians to study the origins of the Shangri-la myth, to see if they might claim it instead.

2003, Noel Grove, Earth's Last Great Places: Exploring the Nature Conservancy Worldwide, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 173:

“People here have benefited from improved infrastructure and connectivity to eliminate poverty,” Kong, now head of Dulongjiang township of Gongshan county in Yunnan’s Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, told the Global Times.

2022 July 27, “Global Times: Dulong people achieve miracle of eradicating poverty, embracing better life under firm leadership of CPC”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-09-07:

A Lisu autonomous prefecture in Yunnan, China.


梁河

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

(～縣) Lianghe (a county of Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


盈江

/iŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/iŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Named after 大盈江 (Dàyíngjiāng) which flows through the county in 1952.

(～縣) Yingjiang (a county of Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


片馬

/pʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiːn³³ maː¹³/

/pʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiːn³³ maː¹³/

(～鎮) Pianma (a town in Lushui, Nujiang prefecture, Yunnan, China)


昔馬

/ɕi⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Xima (a town in Yingjiang, Dehong, Yunnan, China)


鎮康

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Zhenkang (a county of Lincang, Yunnan, China)


南傘

/nän³⁵ sän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nän³⁵ sän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Nansan (a town in Zhenkang, Lincang, Yunnan, China)


Mengtsz

1889, the opening of Mengtsz and relaxation of fiscal restrictions in Tonkin restored the Red River to its natural use as a trade route to Yunnan.

1908, Hosea Ballou Morse, The Trade And Administration Of The Chinese Empire, Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 259:

Two lines of travel lead south and east from Yunnanfu. One is the route of the railway through Mengtsz to French Indo-China, with a caravan trail which branches off to Szemao in the southwest. The other road is the big east highway to Kwangtung. This road goes overland to Poseh at the head of navigation on the Si Kiang in western Kiangsi^([sic – meaning Kwangsi]), 355 miles distant, and requires twenty days of travel. From Poseh boats go down stream to Canton.

1934, George Babock Cressey, China's Geographic Foundations: A Survey of the Land and Its People, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., →OCLC, page 379:

Upon arriving in Hokow, Huang Hsing found that the revolutionary forces there lacked fighting spirit. His strategy was to attack Mengtsz, the gateway to Kunming, the provincial capital of Yunnan, but he found the soldiers very reluctant to move.

1961, Chün-tu Hsüeh, Huang Hsing and the Chinese Revolution, Stanford, Cali.: Stanford University Press, published 1968, →OCLC, pages 70–71:

(dated) Alternative form of Mengzi (a county-level city in Yunnan, China).


Gejiu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 箇舊／个旧 (Gèjiù).

The Ko-chiu area in Yunnan is still the backbone of the Chinese tin industry, as it supplies about two-thirds of China's total output.

[1973, Chiao-min Hsieh, ATLAS OF CHINA, McGraw-Hill, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 97:

According to French Consul François, the governor-general and other leading officials personally attended the drill practices close to Yunnanfu. Five prefectures succeeded in organizing t’uan-lien, which paraded and drilled before dawn and before dusk in the villages.¹⁸ In the winter of 1903-4 an occasion arose to test the experiment. A revolt, antiforeign and antiofficial in inspiration, started among the perennially restive young tin miners in the Ko-chiu mining region.

[1980, Donald S. Sutton, Provincial Militarism and the Chinese Republic: The Yunnan Army, 1905–25 (Michigan Studies on China), Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 56–57:

In Gejiu, a city of 310,000 people on a route favored by drug traffickers, initial rounds of AIDS testing in recent years found more than 1,000 people with H.I.V., nearly all drug users or prostitutes. Tong Waiyuan, a vice mayor, explained that Yunnan's new plan included needle exchanges, condom promotion, and more testing and education and counseling.

2005 June 16, Jim Yardley, “Chinese City Emerges As Model in AIDS Fight”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-29, Asia Pacific:

An estimated 50,000 tonnes of capacity is expected to be closed in 2010 among 53 lead smelters in the Shadian industrial section of Gejiu city in Yunnan province which has 500,000 tonnes of lead smelting capacity a year, local officials said Thursday.

2010 June 3, “China's Gejiu area lead smelters face closure -industry”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-30, Metals News:

A county-level city in Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China.


Jinghong

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 景洪 (Jǐnghóng).

In Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna Prefecture (pronounced she-shwang-ban-na), a cavalcade of bronze and stone elephant statues — some ferocious looking, others positively giddy — have been mounted on traffic islands and in front of new Thai-style shopping malls.

2014 April 25, Andrew Jacobs, “In Land That Values Ivory, Wild Elephants Find a Safe Haven”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-04-26, Asia Pacific:

Beyond Yunnan’s fragmented nature reserves, the churn of urbanisation continues. Xishuangbanna’s population has doubled in 40 years, its ethnic minorities subsumed in an urban sprawl centred on Jinghong, the region’s political centre.[…]
A study published last year said existing schemes “do not offer adequate protection”, with nearly 25% of the region’s biodiversity hotspots not covered. Another 2020 paper showed Jinghong had lost a quarter of its tropical forest since 1999.

2021 March 16, David Stanway, “China's Yunnan vows ecological 'security barrier' to limit disease risks”, in Janet Roberts, Blake Morrison, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-03-17, Environment:

A woman wears traditional clothes at a night market in the city of Jinghong in Xishuangbanna

2023 January 19, “Zero-Covid left in dust as Chinese revellers fuel travel boom”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2023-01-19:

A county-level city in Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China.

景洪

county-level city of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China


華坪

/xu̯ä³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/waː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/xu̯ä³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/waː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Huaping (a county of Lijiang, Yunnan, China)


中甸

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ tiːn²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ tiːn²²/

(historical) (～縣) Zhongdian (a former county of Diqing prefecture, Yunnan, China; now Shangri-La City)


Tengchong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 騰衝／腾冲 (Téngchōng).

The Chinese didn’t relent, however, and despite huge losses to both forces, the Y Force eventually took the city on June 10. Now they had to turn their attention to the Japanese garrison city of Tengchung, forty miles to Lungling’s north, and to the long, impregnable, and still-Japanese-controlled ridge of Sungshan, which still imperiled the Burma Road and its Salween River crossing.

[2003, Donovan Webster, chapter 14, in The Burma Road: The Epic Story of the China-Burma-India Theater in World War II, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 222–223:

Yet something is happening: On Sept. 14, in a ceremony at a war memorial in Tengchong, Yunnan, the remains of 19 soldiers of the Nationalist Chinese Expeditionary Force who died in Burma during World War II were reburied in China, a first since the Communists seized power in 1949.

2011 October 19, Didi Kirsten Tatlow, “China Honors Its War Dead, but Quietly”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-01-28, ASIA PACIFIC:

Wang and Javid Zarif also reaffirmed their commitment to Iran's 2015 nuclear deal with world powers, according to the Chinese foreign ministry, an implicit rebuke of the United States for abandoning the accord during their Saturday meeting in China's southwestern Tengchong city.

2020 October 11, “China backs Iran nuclear deal, calls for new MidEast forum”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2020-10-11, Live news:

A county-level city in Baoshan, Yunnan, China.


孟定

/mɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/mɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

(～鎮) Mengding (a town in Gengma, Lincang, Yunnan, China)


雲縣

/yn³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/yn³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Yun County, Yunxian (a county of Lincang, Yunnan, China)


漾濞

/jɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/jœːŋ²² pɐi̯³³/

/jɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/jœːŋ²² pɐi̯³³/

彝族自治縣 彝族自治縣#Chinese

(～彝族自治縣, ～縣) Yangbi (an autonomous county of Dali prefecture, Yunnan, China)


德欽

/tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan བདེ་ཆེན (bde chen). Doublet of 迪慶／迪庆 (Díqìng).

zh-l

迪慶／迪庆 (Díqìng)

(～縣) Dêqên (an autonomous prefecture, a Diqing in Yunnan, China)


寧蒗

/niŋ³⁵ lɑŋ⁵¹/

/nɪŋ²¹ lɔːŋ²²/

/niŋ³⁵ lɑŋ⁵¹/

/nɪŋ²¹ lɔːŋ²²/

From combining the second character of 永寧／永宁 (Yǒngníng) with the first character of 蒗蕖.

彝族自治縣 彝族自治縣#Chinese

(～彝族自治縣, ～縣) Ninglang (an autonomous county of Lijiang, Yunnan, China)


劍川

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

(～縣) Jianchuan (a county of Dali prefecture, Yunnan, China)


磨憨

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xän⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ³⁵ xän⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Mohan (a town in Mengla, Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China)


滄源

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

佤族自治縣 佤族自治縣#Chinese

(～佤族自治縣, ～縣) Cangyuan (an autonomous county of Lincang, Yunnan, China)


Yanjin

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 鹽津／盐津.


Yuanyang

The same report also said that between six and seven thousand Moslems in Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province, staged an armed uprising last July.

1975 December 28, “Calling for independence”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVI, number 51, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3, column 3:

Yuanyang terraced fields lie within the Yuanyang county of Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province, on the south part of Ailao Mountain, They are majestic and extend through the whole of Honghe, Yuanyang, Lüchun and Jinping counties on the south bank of the Honghe River. Only within Yuanyang county does it cover an area of about 17,000 mu (a Chinese unit, one mu equals about 667 sq. m), which makes Yuanyang the core area of the Honghe Hani terraced fields.

2010, Dong Huai, “Yuanyang Terraced Fields”, in Discovering China: 50 Amazing Places in China, Better Link Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 140:

In fact, some of the seventy-three counties in Yunnan classified as poor contained attractive areas, yet few of these received either provincial or central government support for tourism development. For instance, the spectacular terraced rice fields of Yuanyang county in Honghe prefecture, designed 1,000 years ago during the Tang dynasty, are of a style rarely found in China.

2011, John A. Donaldson, Small Works: Poverty and Economic Development in Southwestern China, Ithaca, London: Cornell University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 111:

My room has an unobstructed vista of the terraces cascading down the valley like a muddy waterfall. The night is serenaded by a frog chorus and at dawn I’m up with the rooster crow, ready to test my walking boots.
Tourism in Yuanyang county has been designed for the tour-bus class, who follow a loop road around the valley, stopping off at various platforms to photograph the rice terraces but missing the points of interest in between.

2020 July 4, Thomas Bird, “Hiking the Yuanyang rice terraces - get off the beaten track for the real deal”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-07-05, Travel:


蘭坪

/län³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/laːn²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/län³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/laːn²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

白族普米族自治縣 白族普米族自治縣#Chinese

(～白族普米族自治縣, ～縣) Lanping (an autonomous county of Lijiang prefecture, Yunnan, China)


Nanzhao

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 南詔／南诏 (Nánzhào).

(historical) a kingdom that flourished in present-day Yunnan, China, between 739 and 902 CE.


Longling

Yet, the Chinese are credited with saving many lives by their accurate prediction of two other severe earthquakes with magnitudes registering 7.5 and 7.6 that struck Lungling County in western Yunnan Province on May 29, 1976.

[1981 August, Frank Don, “Earth Alert: Preparing for Earthquakes”, in Earth Changes Ahead, New York: Destiny Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 141-142:

Programmes of rearing captive peacocks are currently under way in Longling county in west Yunnan province, and other peacocks are being preserved in land set aside in forest near Qinghua in the Dali Bai autonomous prefecture and in the capital Kunming's zoological garden.

2006, Christine E. Jackson, “The Green Peacock in the East”, in Peacock, Reaktion Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 132–134:


施甸

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

(～縣) Shidian (a county of Baoshan, Yunnan, China)


緬寧

/mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

/mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

Coined in 1747 with the establishment of 緬寧廳, which was converted from 孟緬長官司, established in 1430. The 緬／缅 (miǎn) in 緬寧 was likely taken from 孟緬／孟缅 (alternatively written as 猛緬／猛缅), which is a transcription of the name of the place in a Tai language (compare Tai Nüa ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥦᥢᥰ (möeng mäen)).

(historical) (～縣) Mianning (a former county of Yunnan, China which covered present-day Linxiang district, Lincang, Yunnan; renamed Lincang in 1954)


寧洱

/niŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɪŋ²¹ jiː¹³/

/niŋ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɪŋ²¹ jiː¹³/

哈尼族彝族自治縣 哈尼族彝族自治縣#Chinese

(～哈尼族彝族自治縣, ～縣) Ning'er (an autonomous county of Pu'er, Yunnan, China)


Hekou

Hokou County in Yunnan Province and Lao Kay in Vietnam are separated by a river. The two banks of the river are full of wandering Overseas Chinese refugees.

[1978 May 24 [1978 May 21], “57,000 Persecuted Overseas Chinese Residing in Vietnam Have Returned to China”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 101, sourced from Hong Kong TA KUNG PAO, translation of original in Chinese, →ISSN, →OCLC, page N 5:

On Monday night, the New China News Agency said militiamen in Yunnan's Hekou County had ambushed Vietnamese infiltrators before dawn on Sunday, killing four of them and capturing a machine gun and four submachine guns.

1983 April 20, Christopher S. Wren, “PEKING WARNS HANOI ON BORDER CLASHES”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, World:

On arrival at the hamlet of Ying-kuan-chai, over-looked by a ruined Tibetan fort, which we reached by a wooden bridge spanning the stream and by following the latter’s right bank to the end of the valley, I held a meeting of all the drivers, and informed them that the Commissary at Ta-chien-lu had distinctly stated to me that the animals supplied to me at Ta-chien-lu would take me right through to Ho-k’ou, a five days’ march, and that I would have no trouble with change of transport as far as that place.

[2001, Alexander Hosie, “Ta-chien-lu to the Tibetan frontier and back”, in Mr Hosie's Journey to Tibet, 1904: A Report by Mr A. Hosie, His Majesty's Consul at Chengtu, on a Journey from Chengtu to the Eastern Frontier of Tibet, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 82:

A Yao autonomous county in Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China, near Lào Cai, Vietnam.


姐告

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑʊ̯⁵¹/

邊境貿易區 邊境貿易區#Chinese

(～邊境貿易區) Jiegao (a border trade zone in Ruili, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


勐卯

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from Tai Nüa ᥛᥫᥒᥰᥛᥣᥝᥰ (möengmäaw) or Shan မိူင်းမၢဝ်း (móeng máao).

bor

Shan မိူင်းမၢဝ်း (móeng máao)

(～鎮) Mengmao (a town in Ruili, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


Wenshan

Most of the chronically poor counties in Yunnan Province in the late 1970s tended to specialize in nongrain crops in the late 1950s. That was particularly true of ten counties, almost half the provincial total of chronically poor counties, located in two contiguous prefectures, Wenshan and Hungho, in tropical southeastern Yunnan.

1983, Nicholas R. Lardy, “Living standards and the distribution of income”, in Agriculture in China's modern economic development, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 185:

The top anti-corruption watchdog in Southwest China’s Yunnan province said on Friday the governor of the burgeoning aluminium hub of Wenshan had been placed under investigation.
Zhang Xiulan, who has been governor of Wenshan prefecture since March 2015, is suspected of “grave violations of discipline and the law,” the Yunnan Province Commission for Discipline Inspection said in a statement, without elaborating.

2021 April 30, Tom Daly, “China graft watchdog probes governor of emerging aluminium hub”, in Richard Chang, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-07-06, ALUMINUM:

A Zhuang and Miao autonomous prefecture in Yunnan, China.

In April of 1944, an American colonel conferred with Nationalist Chinese General Kwan Lin-jen in Wenshan, southern Yunnan Province, on the defense of that region against the Japanese in Indochina. The colonel was helping the general train his troops.

1952 June, Kai-yu Hsu, “Behind Red China's Human Sea Tactics”, in United States Army Combat Forces Journal, volume 2, number 11, →OCLC, page 16:

“The suspect turned to a local police station for help, but was too furious to wait for an investigation,” Xinhua news agency said, citing police in Yunnan Province in southwestern China.[…]
He killed one passer-by and injured another nine, none critically, on Monday morning at the Shuangqiao Garden Plaza in Wenshan county, before being seized by police.

2008 July 16, Lucy Hornby, “China worker stabs 10 after fake money switch”, in Alex Richardson, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-08-09, World News:

A county-level city in Wenshan, Yunnan, China.


Luliang

The regional paper Yünnan Daily also carried a report in this respect, as follows: "The Party committee for the Ch'aot'ieh commune in Luliang county, Yünnan province, has been educating the Party members in Party policy, fundamental Party knowledge and current situation, thereby raising their ideological and policy level, through such methods as the opening of training classes...

1961, The Peking Informers, volume 3, Continental Research Institute, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 11:

Yunnan. Since the cultural revolution, this province has completed 31 medium-sized and small chemical fertilizer plants;[…]Luliang County chemical fertilizer works was founded by 39 poor and lower-middle peasants with five earthen jars;[…]

1972 March, Summary of World Broadcasts: Far East, British Broadcasting Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 14:

Many areas have not had rain since at least October. Here in Luliang County, about 70 miles east of Yunnan’s capital, Kunming, no rain has fallen since August.[…]
In mid-March, China’s premier, Wen Jiabao, made a three-day tour of Yunnan, including Luliang County, to pledge government help and urge new water-conservation efforts.[…]
A several-hour tour of Luliang County on Sunday suggested the drought had struck in patchwork fashion.

2010 April 4, Michael Wines, Li Bibo, “Spring Harvest of Debt for Parched Farms in Southern China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-04-06, Asia Pacific, page A4:

In particular, my trip to a Sierbao village in Luliang county, Yunnan province, left a deep impression. Luliang is about 135 kilometres northeast of the provincial capital Kunming.
This is one of China's major tourist routes, served by a brand new national highway. It took me just two hours by bus from Kunming to Luliang county.

2012 September 22, Zhou Xun, “In the villages, a China still living in want”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-05-26, Opinion:

The bureau in September said Luliang County in Yunnan province had inflated its first-half industrial output and fixed-asset investment data by more than 100 percent.

2013 November 15, “China's official copper data overstating output, say smelters”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-10-24:


晉寧

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ niŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɵn³³ nɪŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ niŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɵn³³ nɪŋ²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Jinning (a district and former county of Kunming, Yunnan, China)


Chuxiong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 楚雄 (Chǔxióng).

Last March, an ideological worker in Yunnan's Chuxiong prefecture complained in a letter to the newspaper in Kunming that "some parents are greedy and sell their daughters as if they were commodities" and some married women abandoned their husbands and children "to seek ease and comfort and to get more money."

1983 January 6 [1983 January 5], Christopher S. Wren, “CHINA STILL FIGHTING AN OLD ABUSE: WOMEN FOR SALE”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, Section A, page 2:

An Yi autonomous prefecture in Yunnan, China.


Huaning

Pu was born in 1929 in Huaning County, Yunnan Province. After graduation from senior high school in 1948, he joined the CCP and was sent to rural areas to engage in underground work.

1987, Wolfgang Bartke, “Pu Chaozhu [普朝柱]”, in Who's Who in the People's Republic of China, 2nd edition, K. G. Saur, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 364, column 1:

More than 6,500 Adu people live in central Yunnan Province in southwest China. Approximately 3,500 live in Huaning County within Yuxi Prefecture. Their village names in Huaning are Songzichang, Xinzhai, Keju, and Chengmentong.

2000, Paul Hattaway, Operation China: Introducing all the Pooples of China, Piquant, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 25:

According to a study conducted by Lofstedt, Shusheng, and Johansson (2004), in China high gender ratios of males at birth are due to abortion practices. Between 1984 and 1987 rates of abortions for female fetuses in Huaning County, Yunnan Province, in China increased, creating a ratio of 107 males to 100 females, while between the period from 1988-2000 the ratio rose again to 110 males to 100 females.

2006, Carol Holtz, Suzanne Grisdale, “Global Health in Reproduction and Infants”, in Global Health Care: Issues and Policies, Jones and Bartlett, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, pages 449–450:

The quake damaged over 6,000 homes and affected more than 48,000 residents in Tonghai and Huaning counties and in the district of Jiangchuan, all administered by the city of Yuxi, the provincial civil affairs department said in a statement.

2018 August 14, “Earthquake in China: Magnitude-5 jolt hits Yunnan Province, 18 injured”, in The Financial Express, archived from the original on 2018-08-14, World News:


Honghe

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 紅河／红河 (Hónghé).

The Yi also share an autonomous chou, Hungho, and the adjoining Kiangcheng hsien with the Hani, one of the ethnic groups closely associated with the Yi proper.

[1972, Theodore Shabad, China's Changing Map, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 48:

[1983, Nicholas R. Lardy, “Living standards and the distribution of income”, in Agriculture in China's modern economic development, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 185:

All six victims were being treated in a hospital in Yunnan Province, in southwestern China. According to reports on Thursday from three local news media organizations, they fell ill after being injected with Ciwujia at No. 4 People's Hospital in Honghe prefecture.

2008 October 9, Edward Wong, Huang Yuanxi, “After 3 deaths, China bans an herbal treatment”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-12, Asia Pacific:

The world's top private aluminium producer China Hongqiao Group plans to move 1.93 million tonnes of aluminium capacity to the Honghe prefecture in southwest Yunnan province, a local government notice showed.

2021 December 28, Min Zhang, Tom Daly, “China Hongqiao to move aluminium smelting capacity to Yunnan province”, in Raju Gopalakrishnan, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-05-05, Currencies:

A Hani and Yao autonomous prefecture in Yunnan, China.


程海

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Chenghai Lake (a lake in Yongsheng, Yunnan, China)


永勝

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/wɪŋ¹³ sɪŋ³³/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/wɪŋ¹³ sɪŋ³³/

Changed from the previous name 永北 in 1934 as 永北 can be interpreted to mean "to always lose".

(～縣) Yongsheng (a county of Lijiang, Yunnan, China)


貢山

/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ saːn⁵⁵/

獨龍族怒族自治縣 獨龍族怒族自治縣#Chinese

(～獨龍族怒族自治縣, ～縣) Gongshan (an autonomous county of Nujiang prefecture, Yunnan, China)


巍山

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

彝族回族自治縣 彝族回族自治縣#Chinese

(～彝族回族自治縣, ～縣) Weishan (a Yi and Hui Autonomous County in Dali prefecture, Yunnan, China)


西盟

/ɕi⁵⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

佤族自治縣 佤族自治縣#Chinese

(～佤族自治縣, ～縣) Ximeng (a county of Pu'er, Yunnan, China)


武定

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹/

/mou̯¹³ tɪŋ²²/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵¹/

/mou̯¹³ tɪŋ²²/

(～縣) Wuding (an autonomous prefecture, a Chuxiong in Yunnan, China)


李仙江

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

Lixian River (a river in Yunnan, China; the upstream of the Black River (sông Đà) in Vietnam)


羅平

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/lɔː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/lɔː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Luoping (a county of Qujing, Yunnan, China)


Dehong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 德宏 (Déhóng).

The Tais who now live in Hsishuangbanna and Tehung did not come after Kublai Khan. Known as Tianyueh in Chinese literature, their ancestors were there as early as 2,000 years ago during the time of the Western Han.

[1978 July, Yu-ting Tu, Chen Lu-fan, “Was There a Massive Exodus of Thais?”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XVII, number 7, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 31, column 1:

6. It has exposed and criticized their reactionary principle of slandering Tehung Prefecture as a ‘peaceful border area’ and a ‘revsionist paradise’ and their crimes of sabotaging stability in the border areas and the building of border defense.

[1978 November 14 [1978 November 8], “Yunnan Prefecture Reveals Gang's Sabotage in Border Areas”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 220, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Kunming Yunnan Provincial Service, translation of original in Mandarin, →ISSN, →OCLC, People's Republic of China Southwest Region, page J 3:

It is not clear why the refugees are being expelled now. An employee at the Chinese Foreign Ministry said the ministry had no immediate comment after it was sent a list of questions on Thursday. Calls to the Yunnan propaganda office went unanswered, as did calls to the propaganda office of Dehong Autonomous Prefecture, the location of the camps.

2012 August 23, Edward Wong, “China Forcing Repatriation of Ethnic Refugees From Myanmar”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-08-23, Asia Pacific:

A Dai and Jingpo autonomous prefecture in Yunnan, China.


墨江

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

哈尼族自治縣 哈尼族自治縣#Chinese

(～哈尼族自治縣, ～縣) Mojiang (an autonomous county of Pu'er, Yunnan, China)


尋甸

/ɕyn³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ɕyn³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

回族彝族自治縣 回族彝族自治縣#Chinese

(～回族彝族自治縣, ～縣) Xundian (an autonomous county of Kunming, Yunnan, China)


大封民

/tä⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ min³⁵/

/taːi̯²² fʊŋ⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

/tä⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ min³⁵/

/taːi̯²² fʊŋ⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

(historical) The name used by Nanzhao (an ancient state that flourished in present-day Yunnan, China, during the 8th and 9th centuries), from 878 until its demise in 902.


鳳慶

/fɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/fʊŋ²² hɪŋ³³/

/fɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/fʊŋ²² hɪŋ³³/

(～縣) Fengqing (a county of Lincang, Yunnan, China)


무정

[ˈmu(ː)d͡ʑʌ̹ŋ]


福貢

/fu³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/fʊk̚⁵ kʊŋ³³/

/fu³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/fʊk̚⁵ kʊŋ³³/

(～縣) Fugong (a county of Nujiang prefecture, Yunnan, China)


澂江

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Chengjiang (a county of Yuxi, Yunnan, China)


Kaiyuan

Our study was conducted in Kaiyuan county, Yunnan province, where the rate of HIV transmission through unprotected sexual intercourse is high, and many HIV/AIDS projects have been implemented.

2010, “Microbicide Acceptability and Associated Factors Among Female Sex Workers and Male Clients in Kaiyuan County, Yunnan Province, China”, in Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

The attack, which took place Monday afternoon in the Yunnan Province city of Kaiyuan, left two people with serious injuries that were not considered life-threatening,[…]

2019 November 12, Johnny Diaz, “51 Children Hurt in Chemical Attack at Chinese Elementary School”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-11-12, Asia Pacific:

A county-level city in Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China.


Yongshan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 永善 (Yǒngshàn).

A STRONG EARTHQUAKE of 7.1 magnitude struck the high mountains and deep valleys in southwest China at 03.25 hours on May 11, 1974. Five counties, Yungshan, Takuan, Yenchin and Suichiang in Yunnan province and Leipo county in Szechuan province, were affected.[…]
Travelling with the delegation, I arrived at the Unity People’s Commune in Yungshan county, the most heavily-hit area, early on the morning of May 14.

[1974 September, Kao Shang, “After an Earthquake”, in China Reconstructs, volume XXIII, number 9, Peking: China Welfare Institute, →OCLC, page 6:

Du, the Party boss of Yongshan County in Yunnan Province, went drinking one afternoon and evening in July 2000 in the town of Jingxin with other cadres after finishing a Three Stresses meeting, held to improve internal Party discipline. He and his colleagues spent in one afternoon and evening what the average household of four in his poor rural county earns in a full year.

2001, Gordon G. Chang, “Roads to Ruin: How the State Will Fall”, in The Coming Collapse of China (Business/Current Affairs), New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 270:

Plans have been drawn up to build a hydropower station in Xiangjiabain (a location between Yunnan Province’s Shuifu County and Sichuan Province’s Yibin City) in 2004, and a power station in Xiluodu in the upper reaches of Xiangjiaba (a location between Yunnan Province’s Yongshan County and Sichuan Province’s Leibo County) in 2006.

2003 October, “Economy and Development”, in Tibet 2002: A Yearbook, London: Tibet Information Network, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 25, column 1:

Sometimes wives were sold for similar sums: for example, in a 1798 case from Yongshan County, Yunnan, a man pressed by poverty sold his wife (aged 25 sui, with a proven record of fertility) for just five taels of silver.

2014, Matthew H. Sommer, “Abortion in Late Imperial China: Routine Birth Control or Crisis Intervention?”, in Philip C. C. Huang, Kathryn Bernhardt, editors, Research from Archival Case Records: Law, Society and Culture in China, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 157:


維西

desc

→ Lisu: ꓪꓰꓽ-ꓫꓲꓸ (wè-ʃí)

→ Lisu: ꓪꓰꓽ-ꓫꓲꓸ (wè-ʃí)

/weɪ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

傈僳族自治縣 傈僳族自治縣#Chinese

(～縣, ～傈僳族自治縣) Weixi (an autonomous county of Dêqên prefecture, Yunnan, China)


Jinning

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 晉寧／晋宁 (Jìnníng).

The finds at Shihchaishan, near Chinning county in Yunnan province, deserve special mention. Between 1955 and 1960 some 40 tombs of the Kingdom of Tien of the Western Han period were unearthed there.

[1973 July, Hsia Nai, “600,000 Years of Labor and Struggle (II) — Exhibition of Archaeological Finds in New China”, in China Reconstructs, volume XXII, number 7, China Welfare Institute, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 31, columns 1-2:

The conflict was set off by efforts to build a logistics center for the distribution of manufactured goods in Jinning, a county under Kunming’s jurisdiction, the Kunming government said in a statement on Wednesday.[…]
Some residents in Jinning voiced doubt that the men trucked into the village were construction workers,[…].

2014 October 15, Austin Ramzy, “8 Killed in Clash Over Development in Southwestern China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-11-08, Sinosphere:


Куньмин

ru-proper noun+

Куньми́н • (Kunʹmín) m inan (genitive Куньми́на)

Куньми́н (canonical)
Kunʹmín (romanization)
Куньми́на (genitive)
Куньми́н (nominative singular)
Куньми́на (genitive singular)
Куньми́ну (dative singular)
Куньми́н (accusative singular)
Куньми́ном (instrumental singular)
Куньми́не (prepositional singular)

Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China)


永善

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵¹/

/wɪŋ¹³ siːn²²/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵¹/

/wɪŋ¹³ siːn²²/

(～縣) Yongshan (a county of Zhaotong, Yunnan, China)


Xinping

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 新平.

An Yi and Dai autonomous county in Yuxi, Yunnan, China.


陸良

/lu⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/lʊk̚² lœːŋ²¹/

/lu⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/lʊk̚² lœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Luliang (a county of Qujing, Yunnan, China)


Côn Minh

[kon˧˧ mïŋ˧˧]

[koŋ˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

[koŋ˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southern China)


ຄຸນໝິງ

ຄຸນໝິງ (canonical)
khun ming (romanization)

Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, China)


𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 𑜍𑜣 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 𑜍𑜪

head

𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 𑜍𑜣 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 𑜍𑜪 (müṅ rī müṅ raṃ)

→ English: Mong Ri Mong Ram


𑜏𑜢𑜆𑜫𑜏𑜨𑜂𑜫𑜆𑜃𑜫𑜃𑜡

𑜏𑜢𑜆𑜫𑜏𑜨𑜂𑜫𑜆𑜃𑜫𑜃𑜡 (sipsoṅpannā)


Mong Ri Mong Ram

Borrowed from Ahom 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 𑜍𑜣 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 𑜍𑜪 (müṅ rī müṅ raṃ).

bor+

𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 𑜍𑜣 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 𑜍𑜪

A group of Shans migrated from south China in the year 568 A.D. The Meiteis used to call this group of Tai people Pong. They belonged to the branch of Tai called Mao Shan. In the half fabulous account of Tai-Ahom it is said that two brothers Khunlung (Hkun Long) and Khunlai (Hkun Lai) descended from the heaven in the year 568 A.D. and landed in the land of Mungrimungram (Mong Ri Mong Ram). They established a kingdom there. The name Mungrimungram was derived from their dialect meaning 'country-deserted-country-unhabited'.

1986, Wahengbam Ibohal Singh, The History of Manipur: An Early Period, →OCLC, page 291:

W. W. Cochrane asserts that Mong Ri Mong Ram was on the banks of the Mekong.²³ On the basis of these findings, Padmeswar Gogoi asserts that Mon Ri Mong Ram^([sic – meaning Mong Ri Mong Ram]) was undoubtedly a part of the ancient Tai state of Sip Swang Pan Na (Keng Hung), or modern Xihuang Banna.²⁴ If this identification of Mong Ri Mong Ram is accepted, the tradition, which is universally recorded in all Ahom history, links the Ahoms with Yunnan.

1990, Ti 4 Chieh Tʻai Hsüeh Yen Chiu Kuo Chi Hui i Lun Wen Chi [第四屆泰学研究国际会议论文集], volume 3, Yün-nan sheng she hui kʻo hsüeh yüan Tung nan Ya yen chiu so, →OCLC, page 260:

第四屆泰学研究国际会议论文集

His father Chao Chang Nyeu, a prince of Mong Ri Mong Ram, another Tai state in southern China on the Mekong, married the younger sister of Pa-Meo-Pung, the ruler of Mong Mao¹. From his father's side, Siu-Ka-Pha thus belonged to the Mong Ri Mong Ram royal family, and from his mother’s to the Mong Mao royal family.

1992, J. N. Phukan, “Relations of the Ahom Kings of Assam with those of Mong Mao (in Yunnan, China) and of Mong Kwang (Moguang in Myanmar)”, in Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, volume 52, New Delhi: Indian History Congress, →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 889:

Synonym of Xishuangbanna (An autonomous prefecture of Yunnan, China).


Menghai

A county of Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China.


Xuanwei

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for Mandarin 宣威 (Xuānwēi).

Nonsmoking women in an area of China’s Yunnan province die of lung cancer at a rate 20 times that of their counterparts in other regions of the country — and higher than anywhere else in the world.[…]
Like others in rural China, the families of Xuanwei County use coal for heat and for cooking. As the coal burns, particles of silica are released with the vapor and inhaled. Women, who do the cooking, face the greatest exposure.

2010 January 11, Sindya N. Bhanoo, “Coal Is Linked to Cancer in China Province”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-01-14, Health:

A county-level city in Qujing, Yunnan, China.


Daguan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for Mandarin 大關／大关 (dàguān).


石屏

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² pʰɪŋ²¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Shiping (a county of Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


景谷

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɪŋ³⁵ kʊk̚⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɪŋ³⁵ kʊk̚⁵/

傣族彝族自治縣 傣族彝族自治縣#Chinese

(～傣族彝族自治縣, ～縣) Jinggu (an autonomous county of Pu'er, Yunnan, China)


ᦢᦸᧈᦠᦱᧃ

khb-proper noun

ᦢᦸᧈᦠᦱᧃ • (ḃoa¹ḣaan)

→ Chinese: 磨憨 (Móhān)

Mohan (a town in Mengla, Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China)


ບໍ່ຫານ

lo-proper noun

ບໍ່ຫານ • (bǭ hān)

[bɔː˧˨.haːn˥˧˧]

ບໍ່ (bǭ) + ຫານ (hān), from Lü ᦢᦸᧈᦠᦱᧃ (ḃoa¹ḣaan).

com

ບໍ່ (bǭ) + ຫານ (hān)

bor

Lü ᦢᦸᧈᦠᦱᧃ (ḃoa¹ḣaan)


Ninglang

An Yi autonomous county in Lijiang, Yunnan, China.


Yongsheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 永勝／永胜 (Yǒngshèng).


Nam Chiếu

[naːm˧˧ t͡ɕiəw˧˦]

[naːm˧˧ t͡ɕiw˨˩˦]

(historical) Nanzhao (a kingdom that flourished in present-day Yunnan, China, between 739 and 902 CE.)