Kunming

Military movements are reported to be proceeding in the region of Kunming.

1930 December 31 [1930 December 30], “Rebel Army Enters Yunnan.”, in Hongkong Daily Press, number 2260, page 9, column 4:

Best known abroad are Free China’s two "back doors," the Burma Road and the Northwest Highway. The 960-mile road from Kunming to Lashio was a vast engineering feat and, after the outbreak of the Pacific war, China’s main hope for obtaining offensive armaments. In the last month before its closing it carried over 30,000 tons.

1943, Hubert Freyn, Free China's New Deal, New York: Macmillan Company, →OCLC, page 63:

Last week's focus of the war in the Far East centered squarely upon this little railroad. Because it brings supplies to the Assam Valley airfields, whence they can be flown over the "Hump" to Kunming, it is a vital part of our only link with China.

1944 April 24, “Trouble in Burma”, in Life, volume 16, number 17, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 25, column 1:

Hsiao-hua, who studied at a primary school at Kunming before he fled the mainland with his father, said he was often criticized by his classmates for his association with "bad elements." All school children on the Chinese mainland, he added, must do forced manual work and read "Quotations from Mao Tse-tung."

1975 March 23, “Freedom at last for Wu & son”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVI, number 11, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1:

In some cases, over a hundred thousand men, women, and children could be seen building five-thousand-foot solid runways for huge bombers of a type not yet built in America. These fields were being built in places east of Kunming, places with strange-sounding names like Liuchow, Kweilin, Lingling, and Hengyang, names which would all too soon become quite familiar to hundred of American airmen.

1980, Wanda Cornelius, Thayne Short, Ding Hao: America's Air War in China, 1937-1945, Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing Company, →ISBN, pages 94-95:

The schedule of the second phase of the COP15 global biodiversity talks in the southwestern Chinese city of Kunming in April is "likely to be affected" by new COVID-19 risks, environment ministry spokesman Liu Youbin said on Monday.
The second phase was supposed to see the completion of a new post-2020 global deal on biodiversity protection, following on the first round of talks in Kunming last October.

2022 January 23, Muyu Xu, David Stanway, “Biodiversity talks in China's Kunming in April may be affected by COVID”, in Christian Schmollinger, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-01-24, Environment:

A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China.

كُونْمِينْج

a prefecture-level city in southwestern China


Kunming

Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China)


安寧

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (安寧):
* → Japanese: 安寧(あんねい) (annei)
* → Korean: 안녕(安寧) (annyeong)
* → Vietnamese: an ninh (安寧)

/ˀän⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/an³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ leŋ⁵⁵/

/ø⁵⁵ n̠ʲin²¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/an³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ leŋ⁵⁵/

/ø⁵⁵ n̠ʲin²¹/

(～市) Anning (a county-level city in Kunming, Yunnan, China)


彌勒

Sino-Xenic (彌勒):
* → Japanese: 弥(み)勒(ろく) (Miroku)
* → Korean: 미륵(彌勒) (Mireuk)
* → Vietnamese: Di Lặc (彌勒)

→ Korean: 미러 (Mireo, “Mile”)

/mi⁵³⁻³³ l̃ɛiʔ⁵/

/bi²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/bi²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/bi²⁴⁻²² liɪk̚⁴/

/bi¹³⁻²² liɪk̚¹²¹/

/bi²⁴⁻²² liak̚²⁴/

/mĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/mĩ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/mi⁵³⁻³³ l̃ɛiʔ⁵/

/bi²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/bi²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/bi²⁴⁻²² liɪk̚⁴/

/bi¹³⁻²² liɪk̚¹²¹/

/bi²⁴⁻²² liak̚²⁴/

/mĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/mĩ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ liɪk̚⁴/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ liɪk̚⁴/

From early Middle Indo-Aryan in forms like *Metreka, due to alternation of -k- and -y- that can be found in Middle-Indic languages such as Gandhari and Ashokan Prakrit. Ji (1998v11) considers the most likely direct ancestor to be Tocharian A Metrak, which also gave rise to Tocharian B Maitrāk. Cf. Bactrian Μητραγα (Mētraga) (Karashima, 2010); connected to the Gandhari 𐨨𐨅𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨅𐨩 (metreya) and Sanskrit मैत्रेय (maitreya). However, the frequently-cited form Maitreya is not a direct ancestor. Ji (ibid.) further finds the root of both the word and the religious figure in Sanskrit मैत्री (maitrī, “goodwill; close union; friendship”) and related to मित्र (mitra, “Mitra”).

der

(～市) Mile (a county-level city in Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


弥勒

From Middle Chinese 彌勒 (mjie lok), from Sanskrit मैत्रेय (maitreya).


Lijiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 麗江 /丽江 (Lìjiāng).

The main road to Lichiang-fu, by Ho-ch'ing, is not followed by the muleteers, except by request, as there is a high mountain to cross.

[1922 December 2, [Francis] Kingdon Ward, “Mr. Kingdon Ward’s Seventh Expedition in Asia. No. III. To Lichiang.”, in The Gardeners’ Chronicle: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Horticulture and Allied Subjects, volume LXXI (Third Series), number 1875, London: 5 Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, W.C.2, →OCLC, page 325, column 1:

A 5.5 magnitude earthquake that rattled the city of Lijiang in southwestern China's Yunnan province on Sunday injured 15 people, the Yunnan Earthquake Agency said on its social media feed.

2022 January 2, Tony Munroe, Min Zhang, “Earthquake in southwest China's Yunnan injures 15 people”, in Neil Fullick, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-01-02, China:

A prefecture-level city northwestern Yunnan, China.


昆明

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (昆明):
* → Japanese: 昆(こん)明(めい) (Konmei)
* → Vietnamese: Côn Minh (昆明)

→ English: Kunming

→ Hungarian: Kunming

→ Portuguese: Kunming

→ Russian: Куньми́н (Kunʹmín)

→ Spanish: Kunming

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/

/kʰouŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kʰuŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/

/kʰouŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kʰuŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/

Originally the endonym of an ethnic group living in what is now western Yunnan province and southwestern Sichuan province.

(～市) Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China)


Pu'er

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 普洱 (Pǔ'ěr). As the tea, shortened from Pu'er tea.

An earthquake measuring 6.4 on the Richter scale struck Pu'er City, Yunnan Province, early last Sunday.

2007 June 8, “Earthquake kills three”, in Beijing Today, →OCLC, page 3:

In order to improve the quality of Pu'er Tea, Pu'er City strengthened the construction of ecological tea orchards bases.

2011, Xiaoxi Li, Jiancheng Pan, editors, China Green Development Index Report 2011, →ISBN, page 200:

Lancang Lahu Autonomous County is an autonomous county under the jurisdiction of Pu'er City in south-western Yunnan Province.

2018, Ralph E. Harbach, Culicipedia, CABI, →ISBN, page 206:

A prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China.


曲靖

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sɪŋ²²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/kʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sɪŋ²²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/kʰiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siɪŋ²²/

/kʰiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ²²/

(～市) Qujing (a prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China)


普洱

→ English: Pu'er, Puer

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰou̯³⁵ nei̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ nei̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ jiː¹³/

/pʰu³³ ɦəl⁴⁴/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰou̯³⁵ nei̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ nei̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ jiː¹³/

/pʰu³³ ɦəl⁴⁴/

(～市) Pu'er, Puer (a prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China)


미러

zh-l

彌勒／弥勒 (Mílè)

Koreans in China
Xinhai Revolution
ko:미러 시


大理

/tä⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tai²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/

/tä⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tai²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵²/

(～市) Dali (a county-level city in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China)


玉溪

/jʊk̚² kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ŋyʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ kʰɛ⁵⁵/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² kʰe⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚²⁴⁻² kʰe³³/

/ɡiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰe⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² kʰe⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² kʰe⁴⁴/

/jʊk̚² kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ŋyʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ kʰɛ⁵⁵/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² kʰe⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚²⁴⁻² kʰe³³/

/ɡiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰe⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² kʰe⁴⁴/

/ɡiɔk̚⁴⁻³² kʰe⁴⁴/

(～市) Yuxi (a prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China)


保山

→ English: Baoshan, Pao-shan

→ Lü: ᦗᧁᦌᦱᧃᧈ (pawsaan¹)

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～市) Baoshan (a prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China)


昭通

→ English: Chao-t'ung, Zhaotong

→ Lü: ᦋᧁᧈᦒᦳᧂᧈ (tsaw¹thung¹)

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siau³³ tʰɔŋ³³/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siau³³ tʰɔŋ³³/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

(～市) Zhaotong (a prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China)


麗江

/li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lɐi̯²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/li³⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/li⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lɐi̯²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/li³⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

納西族自治縣 納西族自治縣#Chinese

(～市, formerly ～納西族自治縣, ～縣) Lijiang (a prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China)


臨滄

/lin³⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/lim²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lim²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ³³/

/lim¹³⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lim²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lim²³⁻³³ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lin³⁵ t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/lim²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lim²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ³³/

/lim¹³⁻²² t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lim²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/lim²³⁻³³ t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

(～市) Lincang (a prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China)


楚雄

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː³⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː³⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

(～市) Chuxiong (a city in Chuxiong Prefecture, Yunnan, China)


文山

/wən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/wən³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Wenshan (a county-level city in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan, China, formerly a county)


香格里拉

ㄒㄧㄤ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄚ

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ kaːk̚³ lei̯¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵/

/hœːŋ⁵⁵ kaːk̚³ lei̯¹³ laːi̯⁵⁵/

Borrowed from English Shangri-La; compare 香巴拉 (Xiāngbālā, “Shambala”).

(～市) Shangri-La City (a county-level city in Diqing prefecture, Yunnan, China)


瑞麗

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/sɵy̯²² lɐi̯²²/

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/

/sɵy̯²² lɐi̯²²/

(～市) Ruili (a county-level city in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan, China)


景洪

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xʊŋ³⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xʊŋ³⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹³/

/kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²³/

(～市) Jinghong (a county-level city in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China)


畹町

/wän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn³⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

/wän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn³⁵ tɪŋ⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tai Nüa ᥝᥢᥰ ᥖᥥᥒ (wän teng, “the sun shining overhead”).

bor

(～市) (historical) Wanding (a former county-level city in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China, now part of Ruili City)


騰衝

→ English: T'eng-ch'ung, Tengchong

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɐŋ²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɐŋ²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Tengchong (a county-level city in Baoshan, Yunnan, China)


Dali

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 大理 (Dàlǐ).


ᦵᦙᦲᧂᦶᦉ

Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China)


ᦵᦋᧂᦣᦳᧂᧈ

Chinese: 景洪 (Jǐnghóng)

/t͡ɕeŋ˥˩.huŋ˧/

Jinghong (a county-level city in Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China)


Anning

From Pi-chi Kuan to An-ning chou 安甯州 (now An-ning hsien) is 50 li. An-ning is a walled city lying in a valley at an altitude of 6,000 feet. In ancient days it was the T’ang-lang-ch’uan 螳螂川 (Mantis stream) of the Tien Kingdom. A small trail here branches off to the town of Wu-ting 武定, three stages to the north of K’un-ming and a distance of 210 li from An-ning. (A motorroad has now been built.)

[1947, Joseph F. Rock, “Introduction”, in The Ancient Na-khi Kingdom of Southwest China, volume 1, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 15:

CNPC’s refinery comprises one of the auxiliary infrastructures of Sino-Burma crude oil pipelines, which just entered the Industrial Park of Anning City, Yunnan Province in 2013. The pipeline stands at the windward of the “City of Eternal Spring” and upstream side of the “City of Water Shortage,” Kunming.

2014, Yangtze River Delta Earth First!, “Environmental Group Events in Today's China”, in Alexander Reid Ross, editor, Grabbing Back: Essays Against the Global Land Grab, AK Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781849351898/page/n143/:

PetroChina has also been building a 260,000 barrels per day (bpd) refinery at Anning in Yunnan province to process the oil, which so far can only be stored in tanks.

2016 October 10, Aizhu Chen, Aung Hla Tun, “New China refinery faces delay as Myanmar seeks extra oil tax: sources”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2018-10-10, Commodities:

A county-level city in Kunming, Yunnan, China.


Mengzi

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese for 蒙自 (Méngzì).

People read at a library on World Book Day in Mengzi, Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Honghe in southwest China's Yunnan Province, April 23, 2022.

2022 April 23, “World Book Day marked across China”, in huaxia, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2022-04-23:

“Yunnan is a forgotten province, a piece of China mislaid by the world,” wrote the British novelist Stella Benson when she was living in Mengzi, not far from the Vietnamese border, in the 1920s.

2024 June 22, Peter Neville-Hadley, “‘A piece of China mislaid’: in Mengzi, Yunnan, charming traces of its time as treaty port”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-06-22, Travel:

A county-level city in Honghe, in southeastern Yunnan, China.


宣威

/ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/syːn⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/syːn⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Xuanwei (a county-level city in Qujing, Yunnan, China)


開遠

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ jyːn²²/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ jyːn²²/


芒市

/mɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/mɑŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

芒 (máng) is the same Tai word as 勐 (měng).


Zhaotong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 昭通 (Zhāotōng).

Military chieftains of three Communist "military regions" (Chengtu, Kunming and Canton) and five provincial “military districts” (Szechwon^([sic – meaning Szechwan]), Tibet, Yunnan, Kweichow and Kwangsi) held a joint conference last September in Chaotung, Yunnan, to discuss measures to be taken against the guerrilla forces.

[1977 November 27, “Guerrilla activities”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVIII, number 47, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3, column 4:

The US Geological Survey said the magnitude-6.1 quake struck at a depth of 10 kilometres (6 miles) at around 8:30 a.m. (GMT).
Most of the deaths were in Zhaotong City, the Xinhua state news agency reported.

2014 August 3, “Hundreds dead after quake strikes Yunnan province”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2014-08-03:

A prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China.


Yuxi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 玉溪 (Yùxī).

This turn to tobacco is not surprising, since Eshan lies smack dab in the center of China’s prime tobacco road country; the Yuxi area has long had a name for good smokes. The Hongta Shan brand cigarette factory in Yuxi City is one of the largest enterprises in all of China, paying fully half of Yunnan’s taxes to the central tax bureau and accounting for 40 percent of the province’s own revenues.

2001, Gregory Eliyu Guldin, What's a Peasant to Do?: Village becoming Town in Southern China, Westview Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 61:

For Shu Xiao, 27, a schoolteacher in Yuxi, a city in the southwestern province of Yunnan, group dinners can be discomfiting. Ms. Shu said her family has used serving chopsticks at home since last year, when reports were circulating about a local outbreak of stomach bacteria.

2020 May 25, Amy Qin, “Virus Threatens Chinese Traditions of Chopsticks and Family-Style Meals”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-05-25, Asia Pacific:

According to the Chinese state-run news agency, Xinhua, the herd on Wednesday was in Yuxi, about 20 kilometers (12 miles) from Kunming, a city of 7 million people.

2021 June 2, “Elephant herd wanders toward Chinese city of 7 million”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2021-06-02, Asia:


Qujing

/t͡ʃuːˈd͡ʒɪŋ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 曲靖 (Qūjìng).

The traffic in eggs was enormous, and I found, on inquiry, that they came from the prefectural city of Ch'ü-ching Fu, as a collecting centre, a four and a half days' journey to the north-east of Yunnan Fu, and that the traffic ceased in summer, not owing to the heat, which, one might imagine, would have a tendency to addle the eggs, but to the concomitant of heat and moisture, the mosquito, the female of which pierces the shells with her proboscis and thereby admits the air.

[1914, Alexander Hosie, On the Trail of the Opium Poppy, volume 1, Small, Maynard & Company, →OCLC, page 88:

The most prominent service Tuan rendered to the Mongols was the suppression of the uprising in 1264 of some 100,000 people from the various tribes in Yunnan. The uprising spread from the present Yuhsi in Yunnan to other towns like Chuching and Chuhsiung, and finally Chungching (Kunming) fell to the rebel forces.

[1978 July, Yu-ting Tu, Chen Lu-fan, “Was There a Massive Exodus of Thais?”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XVII, number 7, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 30, column 1:

Although 96% of the city’s population are ethnic Han Chinese, there is a collection of minority peoples also in Qujing. The largest of these are the more-than 16,000 Yi, followed by 11,000 Hui, 3,000 Miao and 1,200 members of the Bai nationality.

2001 February, Paul Hattaway, China's Unreached Cities, volume 1, Chiang Mai, Thailand: Darawan Printing, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 76, column 1:


Lincang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 臨滄 /临沧 (Líncāng).

Shelling from neighbouring Myanmar on Thursday wounded five people in the southern Chinese province of Yunnan, state media reported on Friday, the latest incidence of cross-border fire that has strained ties between the neighbours.
Shells landed in an area near the small city of Lincang, state media reported on Friday, citing the local propaganda bureau. Four houses and three vehicles were also damaged.

2015 May 15, Megha Rajagopalan, “China says five injured by artillery shells from Myanmar”, in Alex Richardson, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-14, World News:

Water and mud burst from the tunnel as work was underway Tuesday evening in the Yunnan province city of Lincang, trapping 13 workers inside.
The news office of the Lincang city government said five were pulled from the rubble, but only one survived and was hospitalized in stable condition.

2019 November 27, “Tunnel collapses in southwest China; 4 dead, 8 missing”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-10-10:


Baoshan

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 保山 (Bǎoshān).


蒙自

/mɤŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/mʊŋ²¹ t͡siː²²/

/mɤŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/mʊŋ²¹ t͡siː²²/

(～市) Mengzi (a county-level city in Yunnan, China)


Di Lặc

[jɪj˧˧ lak̚˨˩ʔ]

[jɪj˧˧ lak̚˨˩˨]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 彌勒, from Literary Chinese 彌勒 (mjie lok).

Honghe Hani and Yi
Honghe Hani and Yi#English

Mile (a county-level city in Honghe Hani and Yi prefecture, Yunnan, China)


箇舊

/kɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɔː³³ kɐu̯²²/

/kɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɔː³³ kɐu̯²²/

(～市) Gejiu (a county-level city in Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China)


Lufeng

Translingual: Lufengosaurus

Hsinhua said that the almost complete lower jawbone, two other fossilized jawbones and more than 40 fossilized teeth from ancient apes were found in coal seams in Lufeng county in the southwest province of Yunnan.

1977 April 18, “China Says Bone Find Is New Link to Man”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-03-08, page 18:

The Chuhsiung Autonomous Prefecture of Yi nationality [I-tsu] in Yunnan Province has made steady progress in developing industry since it was set up in 1958.[…]A farm tool workshop in Lufeng county is now able to turn out five-ton carts, cranes, sand sifters, water pipes, cement mixers and tractor parts. At the start it could only produce spades and sickles.

1978 June 23 [1978 May 13], “Yunnan Prefecture's, Industry”, in Translations on People's Republic of China, number 435, United States Joint Publications Research Service, sourced from Peking NCNA, →OCLC, pages 67–68:

A county-level city in Chuxiong, Yunnan, China, formerly a county.


Gejiu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 箇舊 /个旧 (Gèjiù).

The Ko-chiu area in Yunnan is still the backbone of the Chinese tin industry, as it supplies about two-thirds of China's total output.

[1973, Chiao-min Hsieh, ATLAS OF CHINA, McGraw-Hill, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 97:

According to French Consul François, the governor-general and other leading officials personally attended the drill practices close to Yunnanfu. Five prefectures succeeded in organizing t’uan-lien, which paraded and drilled before dawn and before dusk in the villages.¹⁸ In the winter of 1903-4 an occasion arose to test the experiment. A revolt, antiforeign and antiofficial in inspiration, started among the perennially restive young tin miners in the Ko-chiu mining region.

[1980, Donald S. Sutton, Provincial Militarism and the Chinese Republic: The Yunnan Army, 1905–25 (Michigan Studies on China), Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 56–57:

In Gejiu, a city of 310,000 people on a route favored by drug traffickers, initial rounds of AIDS testing in recent years found more than 1,000 people with H.I.V., nearly all drug users or prostitutes. Tong Waiyuan, a vice mayor, explained that Yunnan's new plan included needle exchanges, condom promotion, and more testing and education and counseling.

2005 June 16, Jim Yardley, “Chinese City Emerges As Model in AIDS Fight”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-29, Asia Pacific:

An estimated 50,000 tonnes of capacity is expected to be closed in 2010 among 53 lead smelters in the Shadian industrial section of Gejiu city in Yunnan province which has 500,000 tonnes of lead smelting capacity a year, local officials said Thursday.

2010 June 3, “China's Gejiu area lead smelters face closure -industry”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-30, Metals News:

A county-level city in Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China.


Jinghong

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 景洪 (Jǐnghóng).

In Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna Prefecture (pronounced she-shwang-ban-na), a cavalcade of bronze and stone elephant statues — some ferocious looking, others positively giddy — have been mounted on traffic islands and in front of new Thai-style shopping malls.

2014 April 25, Andrew Jacobs, “In Land That Values Ivory, Wild Elephants Find a Safe Haven”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-04-26, Asia Pacific:

Beyond Yunnan’s fragmented nature reserves, the churn of urbanisation continues. Xishuangbanna’s population has doubled in 40 years, its ethnic minorities subsumed in an urban sprawl centred on Jinghong, the region’s political centre.[…]
A study published last year said existing schemes “do not offer adequate protection”, with nearly 25% of the region’s biodiversity hotspots not covered. Another 2020 paper showed Jinghong had lost a quarter of its tropical forest since 1999.

2021 March 16, David Stanway, “China's Yunnan vows ecological 'security barrier' to limit disease risks”, in Janet Roberts, Blake Morrison, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-03-17, Environment:

A woman wears traditional clothes at a night market in the city of Jinghong in Xishuangbanna

2023 January 19, “Zero-Covid left in dust as Chinese revellers fuel travel boom”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2023-01-19:

A county-level city in Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China.

景洪

county-level city of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China


Tengchong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 騰衝 /腾冲 (Téngchōng).

The Chinese didn’t relent, however, and despite huge losses to both forces, the Y Force eventually took the city on June 10. Now they had to turn their attention to the Japanese garrison city of Tengchung, forty miles to Lungling’s north, and to the long, impregnable, and still-Japanese-controlled ridge of Sungshan, which still imperiled the Burma Road and its Salween River crossing.

[2003, Donovan Webster, chapter 14, in The Burma Road: The Epic Story of the China-Burma-India Theater in World War II, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 222–223:

Yet something is happening: On Sept. 14, in a ceremony at a war memorial in Tengchong, Yunnan, the remains of 19 soldiers of the Nationalist Chinese Expeditionary Force who died in Burma during World War II were reburied in China, a first since the Communists seized power in 1949.

2011 October 19, Didi Kirsten Tatlow, “China Honors Its War Dead, but Quietly”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-01-28, ASIA PACIFIC:

Wang and Javid Zarif also reaffirmed their commitment to Iran's 2015 nuclear deal with world powers, according to the Chinese foreign ministry, an implicit rebuke of the United States for abandoning the accord during their Saturday meeting in China's southwestern Tengchong city.

2020 October 11, “China backs Iran nuclear deal, calls for new MidEast forum”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2020-10-11, Live news:

A county-level city in Baoshan, Yunnan, China.


Wenshan

In April of 1944, an American colonel conferred with Nationalist Chinese General Kwan Lin-jen in Wenshan, southern Yunnan Province, on the defense of that region against the Japanese in Indochina. The colonel was helping the general train his troops.

1952 June, Kai-yu Hsu, “Behind Red China's Human Sea Tactics”, in United States Army Combat Forces Journal, volume 2, number 11, →OCLC, page 16:

“The suspect turned to a local police station for help, but was too furious to wait for an investigation,” Xinhua news agency said, citing police in Yunnan Province in southwestern China.[…]
He killed one passer-by and injured another nine, none critically, on Monday morning at the Shuangqiao Garden Plaza in Wenshan county, before being seized by police.

2008 July 16, Lucy Hornby, “China worker stabs 10 after fake money switch”, in Alex Richardson, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-08-09, World News:

A county-level city in Wenshan, Yunnan, China.


Kaiyuan

Our study was conducted in Kaiyuan county, Yunnan province, where the rate of HIV transmission through unprotected sexual intercourse is high, and many HIV/AIDS projects have been implemented.

2010, “Microbicide Acceptability and Associated Factors Among Female Sex Workers and Male Clients in Kaiyuan County, Yunnan Province, China”, in Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

The attack, which took place Monday afternoon in the Yunnan Province city of Kaiyuan, left two people with serious injuries that were not considered life-threatening,[…]

2019 November 12, Johnny Diaz, “51 Children Hurt in Chemical Attack at Chinese Elementary School”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-11-12, Asia Pacific:


Куньмин

ru-proper noun+

Куньми́н • (Kunʹmín) m inan (genitive Куньми́на)

Куньми́н (canonical)
Kunʹmín (romanization)
Куньми́на (genitive)
Куньми́н (nominative singular)
Куньми́на (genitive singular)
Куньми́ну (dative singular)
Куньми́н (accusative singular)
Куньми́ном (instrumental singular)
Куньми́не (prepositional singular)


Côn Minh

[kon˧˧ mïŋ˧˧]

[koŋ˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

[koŋ˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southern China)


ຄຸນໝິງ

ຄຸນໝິງ (canonical)
khun ming (romanization)

Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, China)


Xuanwei

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for Mandarin 宣威 (Xuānwēi).

Nonsmoking women in an area of China’s Yunnan province die of lung cancer at a rate 20 times that of their counterparts in other regions of the country — and higher than anywhere else in the world.[…]
Like others in rural China, the families of Xuanwei County use coal for heat and for cooking. As the coal burns, particles of silica are released with the vapor and inhaled. Women, who do the cooking, face the greatest exposure.

2010 January 11, Sindya N. Bhanoo, “Coal Is Linked to Cancer in China Province”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-01-14, Health:

A county-level city in Qujing, Yunnan, China.