crater

en-verb

crater (third-person singular simple present craters, present participle cratering, simple past and past participle cratered)

craters (present singular third-person)
cratering (participle present)
cratered (participle past)
cratered (past)

Yup, John McCain said to me the economy “is about to crater.” You folks worried about the economy? Whoo! Not me.

2008 November 25, David Letterman, quoting John McCain, “‘The Economy Is Exploding’”, in NYTimes blog

Uber said on Thursday that its ride-hailing business had cratered in the second quarter as people traveled less in the pandemic.

2020 August 6, Kate Conger, “Uber’s Revenue Craters, as Deliveries Surge in Pandemic”, in New York Times

The potential agreement comes after months of disputes that have created existential challenges for Twitter, cratering its share price, demoralizing its employees and spooking the advertisers it relies on for revenue.

2022 October 4, Kate Conger, Lauren Hirsch, “Elon Musk Suggests Buying Twitter at His Original Price”, in The New York Times, →ISSN

(figurative) To collapse catastrophically; to become devastated or completely destroyed.

He cratered into that snow bank about five seconds after his first lesson.


crater

I then had the two best tarriers beneath the canopy; this poor crater is their daughter," and he patted the dog's head affectionately.

1843, William Hamilton Maxwell, Wild Sports of the West: With Legendary Tales, and Local Sketches, R. Bentley, page 77

She is a charming crater; I would venture to say that, if I was not her father.

1772, David Garrick, “The Irish Widow”, in The British Drama: A Collection of the Most Esteemed Tragedies, Comedies ..., published 1859, page 611

(Scotland, Ireland) Alternative form of creature.


pica

third-person singular present indicative


glade

From Middle English glade, glode, glede (“a gleam of light, bright space, an open space; an open or cleared space in a forest; a bright patch of sky; a bright surface of snow or ice”), of uncertain origin, perhaps from Old English *glǣd, *glād, related to Old English glæd (“shining, bright”), (compare Old Norse glaðr (“bright”)).

An open space in the ice on a river or lake.


bluff

bluff (third-person singular simple present bluffs, present participle bluffing, simple past and past participle bluffed)

bluffs (present singular third-person)
bluffing (participle present)
bluffed (participle past)
bluffed (past)

Possibly onomatopoeic, perhaps related to blow and puff.

Not a sparrow on the cottage thatch, where the chimney's warmth had thawed the snow, that did not seem to have his great coat on, so bluffed out were the feathers, and not a frozen-out duck who did not glance up at the icicles hanging to the roof, and quack a prayer for rain.

1866, Grantley F[itzhardinge] Berkeley, “Incidents of Sport”, in My Life and Recollections. … Complete in Four Volumes, volume III, London: Hurst and Blackett, publishers, successors to Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 124

[W]hen the bare boughs of a tree intervened between her and the rising bright but deep red sun, frosted as the twigs were, on them sat a merry flock of sparrows, the feathers on their breasts bluffed out, as if they had donned warm winter spencers to shield them from the biting blast.

1870, Grantley F[itzhardinge] Berkeley, “The Fair Doe of Fernditch”, in Tales of Life and Death. … In Two Volumes, volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, page 117

I remember one idle bright afternoon here when Phillip bluffed out his little chest, sneaking expectant glances back at me and Cammy, until she "restrained" him from bickering with that beagle.

2002, Nick Fowler, “Sunday in the Park with Sores”, in A Thing (or Two) about Curtis and Camilla, New York, N.Y.: Pantheon Books; 1st Vintage Contemporaries edition, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, June 2003, pages 285–286


morass

From Dutch moeras (“marsh, swamp”), from Middle Dutch marasch (“marsh”), from Old French mareis, from Proto-West Germanic *marisk. Doublet of marish and marsh.

A tract of soft, wet ground; a marsh; a fen.

(figurative) Anything that entraps or makes progress difficult.

бало́та

anything that entraps or makes progress difficult


cape

From Middle English cape, gappe, cap, from Old French cap (“cape, headland”), from Latin caput (“head”). Doublet of capo, caput, chef, and chief, and distantly with head and Howth. For sense development, compare English ness (“a promontory point, cape”) from a root related to nose.

ncog

(geography) A piece or point of land, extending beyond the adjacent coast into a sea or lake; a promontory; a headland.


heed

desctree

English: head
→ Japanese: ヘッド (heddo)
Sranan Tongo: ede
Aukan: ede
Saramaccan: hédi

Geordie English: heed

Scots: heid

Yola: heade, haade, hade

From Old English hēafod, from Proto-West Germanic *haubud, from Proto-Germanic *haubudą (“head”).

The head (top portion of an animal):
A headrest; a place for the head.

A start or origin:
The source of a river; the headwater.


manner

head

manner (genitive mandri, partitive mandrit)

mandri (genitive)
mandrit (partitive)
manner (nominative singular)
mandrid (nominative plural)
manner (accusative nominative singular)
mandrid (accusative nominative plural)
mandri (accusative genitive singular)
mandrid (accusative genitive plural)
mandri (genitive singular)
mandrite (genitive plural)
mandrit (partitive singular)
mandreid (partitive plural)
mandrisse (illative singular)
mandritesse (illative plural)
mandreisse (illative plural)
mandris (inessive singular)
mandrites (inessive plural)
mandreis (inessive plural)
mandrist (elative singular)
mandritest (elative plural)
mandreist (elative plural)
mandrile (allative singular)
mandritele (allative plural)
mandreile (allative plural)
mandril (adessive singular)
mandritel (adessive plural)
mandreil (adessive plural)
mandrilt (ablative singular)
mandritelt (ablative plural)
mandreilt (ablative plural)
mandriks (singular translative)
mandriteks (plural translative)
mandreiks (plural translative)
mandrini (singular terminative)
mandriteni (plural terminative)
mandrina (essive singular)
mandritena (essive plural)
mandrita (abessive singular)
mandriteta (abessive plural)
mandriga (comitative singular)
mandritega (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *mandër. Cognate with Finnish manner, Ingrian mantere, and Ludian mander. Compare also Udmurt мудор (mudor, “a mythical creature”) and archaic Komi-Zyrian [script needed] (mudör, “foundation”).


manner

manner (nominative singular)
mantere (nominative singular)
manteret (nominative plural)
mantereet (nominative plural)
manner (accusative nominative singular)
mantere (accusative nominative singular)
manteret (accusative nominative plural)
mantereet (accusative nominative plural)
manteren (accusative genitive singular)
mantereen (accusative genitive singular)
manteret (accusative genitive plural)
mantereet (accusative genitive plural)
manteren (genitive singular)
mantereen (genitive singular)
manterien (genitive plural)
mannerten (genitive plural)
mantereiden (genitive plural)
mantereitten (genitive plural)
mannerta (partitive singular)
manteretta (partitive singular)
manteria (partitive plural)
mantereita (partitive plural)
manteressa (inessive singular)
mantereessa (inessive singular)
manterissa (inessive plural)
mantereissa (inessive plural)
manteresta (elative singular)
mantereesta (elative singular)
manterista (elative plural)
mantereista (elative plural)
mantereen (illative singular)
mantereeseen (illative singular)
manteriin (illative plural)
mantereisiin (illative plural)
mantereihin (illative plural)
manterella (adessive singular)
mantereella (adessive singular)
manterilla (adessive plural)
mantereilla (adessive plural)
manterelta (ablative singular)
mantereelta (ablative singular)
manterilta (ablative plural)
mantereilta (ablative plural)
manterelle (allative singular)
mantereelle (allative singular)
manterille (allative plural)
mantereille (allative plural)
manterena (essive singular)
mantereena (essive singular)
manterina (essive plural)
mantereina (essive plural)
mantereksi (singular translative)
mantereeksi (singular translative)
manteriksi (plural translative)
mantereiksi (plural translative)
manteretta (abessive singular)
mantereetta (abessive singular)
manteritta (abessive plural)
mantereitta (abessive plural)
manterin (instructive plural)
manterein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
mantereni (nominative singular)
mantereeni (nominative singular)
mantereni (nominative plural)
mantereeni (nominative plural)
mantereni (accusative nominative singular)
mantereeni (accusative nominative singular)
mantereni (accusative nominative plural)
mantereeni (accusative nominative plural)
mantereni (accusative genitive singular)
mantereeni (accusative genitive singular)
mantereni (accusative genitive plural)
mantereeni (accusative genitive plural)
mantereni (genitive singular)
mantereeni (genitive singular)
manterieni (genitive plural)
mannerteni (genitive plural)
mantereideni (genitive plural)
mantereitteni (genitive plural)
mannertani (partitive singular)
manterettani (partitive singular)
manteriani (partitive plural)
mantereitani (partitive plural)
manteressani (inessive singular)
mantereessani (inessive singular)
manterissani (inessive plural)
mantereissani (inessive plural)
manterestani (elative singular)
mantereestani (elative singular)
manteristani (elative plural)
mantereistani (elative plural)
mantereeni (illative singular)
mantereeseeni (illative singular)
manteriini (illative plural)
mantereisiini (illative plural)
mantereihini (illative plural)
manterellani (adessive singular)
mantereellani (adessive singular)
manterillani (adessive plural)
mantereillani (adessive plural)
mantereltani (ablative singular)
mantereeltani (ablative singular)
manteriltani (ablative plural)
mantereiltani (ablative plural)
manterelleni (allative singular)
mantereelleni (allative singular)
manterilleni (allative plural)
mantereilleni (allative plural)
manterenani (essive singular)
mantereenani (essive singular)
manterinani (essive plural)
mantereinani (essive plural)
manterekseni (singular translative)
mantereekseni (singular translative)
manterikseni (plural translative)
mantereikseni (plural translative)
manterettani (abessive singular)
mantereettani (abessive singular)
manterittani (abessive plural)
mantereittani (abessive plural)
manterineni (comitative plural)
mantereineni (comitative plural)
manteresi (nominative singular)
mantereesi (nominative singular)
manteresi (nominative plural)
mantereesi (nominative plural)
manteresi (accusative nominative singular)
mantereesi (accusative nominative singular)
manteresi (accusative nominative plural)
mantereesi (accusative nominative plural)
manteresi (accusative genitive singular)
mantereesi (accusative genitive singular)
manteresi (accusative genitive plural)
mantereesi (accusative genitive plural)
manteresi (genitive singular)
mantereesi (genitive singular)
manteriesi (genitive plural)
mannertesi (genitive plural)
mantereidesi (genitive plural)
mantereittesi (genitive plural)
mannertasi (partitive singular)
manterettasi (partitive singular)
manteriasi (partitive plural)
mantereitasi (partitive plural)
manteressasi (inessive singular)
mantereessasi (inessive singular)
manterissasi (inessive plural)
mantereissasi (inessive plural)
manterestasi (elative singular)
mantereestasi (elative singular)
manteristasi (elative plural)
mantereistasi (elative plural)
mantereesi (illative singular)
mantereeseesi (illative singular)
manteriisi (illative plural)
mantereisiisi (illative plural)
mantereihisi (illative plural)
manterellasi (adessive singular)
mantereellasi (adessive singular)
manterillasi (adessive plural)
mantereillasi (adessive plural)
mantereltasi (ablative singular)
mantereeltasi (ablative singular)
manteriltasi (ablative plural)
mantereiltasi (ablative plural)
manterellesi (allative singular)
mantereellesi (allative singular)
manterillesi (allative plural)
mantereillesi (allative plural)
manterenasi (essive singular)
mantereenasi (essive singular)
manterinasi (essive plural)
mantereinasi (essive plural)
mantereksesi (singular translative)
mantereeksesi (singular translative)
manteriksesi (plural translative)
mantereiksesi (plural translative)
manterettasi (abessive singular)
mantereettasi (abessive singular)
manterittasi (abessive plural)
mantereittasi (abessive plural)
manterinesi (comitative plural)
mantereinesi (comitative plural)
manteremme (nominative singular)
mantereemme (nominative singular)
manteremme (nominative plural)
mantereemme (nominative plural)
manteremme (accusative nominative singular)
mantereemme (accusative nominative singular)
manteremme (accusative nominative plural)
mantereemme (accusative nominative plural)
manteremme (accusative genitive singular)
mantereemme (accusative genitive singular)
manteremme (accusative genitive plural)
mantereemme (accusative genitive plural)
manteremme (genitive singular)
mantereemme (genitive singular)
manteriemme (genitive plural)
mannertemme (genitive plural)
mantereidemme (genitive plural)
mantereittemme (genitive plural)
mannertamme (partitive singular)
manterettamme (partitive singular)
manteriamme (partitive plural)
mantereitamme (partitive plural)
manteressamme (inessive singular)
mantereessamme (inessive singular)
manterissamme (inessive plural)
mantereissamme (inessive plural)
manterestamme (elative singular)
mantereestamme (elative singular)
manteristamme (elative plural)
mantereistamme (elative plural)
mantereemme (illative singular)
mantereeseemme (illative singular)
manteriimme (illative plural)
mantereisiimme (illative plural)
mantereihimme (illative plural)
manterellamme (adessive singular)
mantereellamme (adessive singular)
manterillamme (adessive plural)
mantereillamme (adessive plural)
mantereltamme (ablative singular)
mantereeltamme (ablative singular)
manteriltamme (ablative plural)
mantereiltamme (ablative plural)
manterellemme (allative singular)
mantereellemme (allative singular)
manterillemme (allative plural)
mantereillemme (allative plural)
manterenamme (essive singular)
mantereenamme (essive singular)
manterinamme (essive plural)
mantereinamme (essive plural)
mantereksemme (singular translative)
mantereeksemme (singular translative)
manteriksemme (plural translative)
mantereiksemme (plural translative)
manterettamme (abessive singular)
mantereettamme (abessive singular)
manterittamme (abessive plural)
mantereittamme (abessive plural)
manterinemme (comitative plural)
mantereinemme (comitative plural)
manterenne (nominative singular)
mantereenne (nominative singular)
manterenne (nominative plural)
mantereenne (nominative plural)
manterenne (accusative nominative singular)
mantereenne (accusative nominative singular)
manterenne (accusative nominative plural)
mantereenne (accusative nominative plural)
manterenne (accusative genitive singular)
mantereenne (accusative genitive singular)
manterenne (accusative genitive plural)
mantereenne (accusative genitive plural)
manterenne (genitive singular)
mantereenne (genitive singular)
manterienne (genitive plural)
mannertenne (genitive plural)
mantereidenne (genitive plural)
mantereittenne (genitive plural)
mannertanne (partitive singular)
manterettanne (partitive singular)
manterianne (partitive plural)
mantereitanne (partitive plural)
manteressanne (inessive singular)
mantereessanne (inessive singular)
manterissanne (inessive plural)
mantereissanne (inessive plural)
manterestanne (elative singular)
mantereestanne (elative singular)
manteristanne (elative plural)
mantereistanne (elative plural)
mantereenne (illative singular)
mantereeseenne (illative singular)
manteriinne (illative plural)
mantereisiinne (illative plural)
mantereihinne (illative plural)
manterellanne (adessive singular)
mantereellanne (adessive singular)
manterillanne (adessive plural)
mantereillanne (adessive plural)
mantereltanne (ablative singular)
mantereeltanne (ablative singular)
manteriltanne (ablative plural)
mantereiltanne (ablative plural)
manterellenne (allative singular)
mantereellenne (allative singular)
manterillenne (allative plural)
mantereillenne (allative plural)
manterenanne (essive singular)
mantereenanne (essive singular)
manterinanne (essive plural)
mantereinanne (essive plural)
mantereksenne (singular translative)
mantereeksenne (singular translative)
manteriksenne (plural translative)
mantereiksenne (plural translative)
manterettanne (abessive singular)
mantereettanne (abessive singular)
manterittanne (abessive plural)
mantereittanne (abessive plural)
manterinenne (comitative plural)
mantereinenne (comitative plural)
manterensa (nominative singular)
mantereensa (nominative singular)
manterensa (nominative plural)
mantereensa (nominative plural)
manterensa (accusative nominative singular)
mantereensa (accusative nominative singular)
manterensa (accusative nominative plural)
mantereensa (accusative nominative plural)
manterensa (accusative genitive singular)
mantereensa (accusative genitive singular)
manterensa (accusative genitive plural)
mantereensa (accusative genitive plural)
manterensa (genitive singular)
mantereensa (genitive singular)
manteriensa (genitive plural)
mannertensa (genitive plural)
mantereidensa (genitive plural)
mantereittensa (genitive plural)
mannertaan (partitive singular)
manterettaan (partitive singular)
mannertansa (partitive singular)
manterettansa (partitive singular)
manteriaan (partitive plural)
mantereitaan (partitive plural)
manteriansa (partitive plural)
mantereitansa (partitive plural)
manteressaan (inessive singular)
mantereessaan (inessive singular)
manteressansa (inessive singular)
mantereessansa (inessive singular)
manterissaan (inessive plural)
mantereissaan (inessive plural)
manterissansa (inessive plural)
mantereissansa (inessive plural)
manterestaan (elative singular)
mantereestaan (elative singular)
manterestansa (elative singular)
mantereestansa (elative singular)
manteristaan (elative plural)
mantereistaan (elative plural)
manteristansa (elative plural)
mantereistansa (elative plural)
mantereensa (illative singular)
mantereeseensa (illative singular)
manteriinsa (illative plural)
mantereisiinsa (illative plural)
mantereihinsa (illative plural)
manterellaan (adessive singular)
mantereellaan (adessive singular)
manterellansa (adessive singular)
mantereellansa (adessive singular)
manterillaan (adessive plural)
mantereillaan (adessive plural)
manterillansa (adessive plural)
mantereillansa (adessive plural)
mantereltaan (ablative singular)
mantereeltaan (ablative singular)
mantereltansa (ablative singular)
mantereeltansa (ablative singular)
manteriltaan (ablative plural)
mantereiltaan (ablative plural)
manteriltansa (ablative plural)
mantereiltansa (ablative plural)
manterelleen (allative singular)
mantereelleen (allative singular)
manterellensa (allative singular)
mantereellensa (allative singular)
manterilleen (allative plural)
mantereilleen (allative plural)
manterillensa (allative plural)
mantereillensa (allative plural)
manterenaan (essive singular)
mantereenaan (essive singular)
manterenansa (essive singular)
mantereenansa (essive singular)
manterinaan (essive plural)
mantereinaan (essive plural)
manterinansa (essive plural)
mantereinansa (essive plural)
manterekseen (singular translative)
mantereekseen (singular translative)
mantereksensa (singular translative)
mantereeksensa (singular translative)
manterikseen (plural translative)
mantereikseen (plural translative)
manteriksensa (plural translative)
mantereiksensa (plural translative)
manterettaan (abessive singular)
mantereettaan (abessive singular)
manterettansa (abessive singular)
mantereettansa (abessive singular)
manterittaan (abessive plural)
mantereittaan (abessive plural)
manterittansa (abessive plural)
mantereittansa (abessive plural)
manterineen (comitative plural)
mantereineen (comitative plural)
manterinensa (comitative plural)
mantereinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *mandër, from Proto-Finno-Permic [Term?] or possibly from Proto-Finnic *maa. Equivalent to *mante + -re. Cognate to Estonian mander and Veps mandreh.

mannerjalusta

Määritelmästä riippuen mantereita on neljä, viisi, kuusi tai seitsemän.

Depending on definition there are four, five, six or seven continents.


meander

From Latin Maeander, from Ancient Greek Μαίανδρος (Maíandros) – a river in Asia Minor (present day Turkey) known for its winding course (modern Turkish Menderes).

(mathematics) A self-avoiding closed curve which intersects a line a number of times.


meander

meanderen (definite singular)
meandere (indefinite plural)
meandre (indefinite plural)
meandrer (indefinite plural)
meanderne (definite plural)
meandrene (definite plural)

From Latin Maeander, from Ancient Greek Μαίανδρος (Maíandros).


meander

meanderen (definite singular)
meandrar (indefinite plural)
meandrane (definite plural)


meander

pl-noun

meander m inan (related adjective meandrowy)

meandrowy (adjective)
meander (nominative singular)
meandry (nominative plural)
meandra (genitive singular)
meandrów (genitive plural)
meandrowi (dative singular)
meandrom (dative plural)
meander (accusative singular)
meandry (accusative plural)
meandrem (instrumental singular)
meandrami (instrumental plural)
meandrze (locative singular)
meandrach (locative plural)
meandrze (singular vocative)
meandry (plural vocative)

meander (one of a series of regular sinuous curves, bends, loops, turns, or windings in the channel of a river, stream, or other watercourse)


meander

sk-noun

meander m inan (genitive singular meandra, nominative plural meandre, genitive plural meandrov, declension pattern of stroj)

meandra (genitive singular)
meandre (nominative plural)
meandrov (genitive plural)
stroj (declension-pattern-of)


meander

meander (indefinite nominative singular)
meandern (definite nominative singular)
meander (indefinite nominative plural)
meanderna (definite nominative plural)
meanders (genitive indefinite singular)
meanderns (definite genitive singular)
meanders (genitive indefinite plural)
meandernas (definite genitive plural)


strait

From Middle English streit, from Old French estreit (modern form étroit), from Latin strictus, perfect passive participle of stringō (“compress, tighten”). Doublet of stretto and strict.

the Strait of Gibraltar

(geography) A narrow channel of water connecting two larger bodies of water.


gap

From Middle English gap, gappe, from Old Norse gap (“an empty space, gap, chasm”), from gapa (“to gape, scream”), from Proto-Germanic *gapōną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to open wide, gape”). Related to Danish gab (“an expanse, space, gap”), Old English ġeap (“open space, expanse”); compare English gape.

cog

(genetics) An unsequenced region in a sequence alignment.


rive

Inherited from Old French, from Latin rīpa, from Proto-Indo-European *rey- (“to cut, tear, scratch”).


peak

→ Russian: пик (pik) (in час пик (čas pik))

From earlier peake, peek, peke, from Middle English pek (in place names), itself an alteration of pike, pyke, pyk (“a sharp point, pike”), from Old English pīc, piic (“a pike, needle, pin, peak, pinnacle”), from Proto-Germanic *pīkaz (“peak”). Cognate with Dutch piek (“pike, point, summit, peak”), Danish pik (“pike, peak”), Swedish pik (“pike, lance, point, peak”), Norwegian pik (“peak, summit”). More at pike.

cog

The stock market reached a peak in September 1929.

By last year, family income was 8 percent lower than it had been 11 years earlier, at its peak in 2000, according to inflation-adjusted numbers from the Census Bureau.

2012 October 23, David Leonhardt, New York Times, retrieved 2012-10-24

The highest value reached by some quantity in a time period.

(mathematics) A local maximum of a function, e.g. for sine waves, each point at which the value of y is at its maximum.

pic

point where a function attains a maximum


slack

en-noun

slack (countable and uncountable, plural slacks)

From Middle English slak, from Old English slæc (“slack”), from Proto-Germanic *slakaz. For sense of coal dust, compare slag.

the slack of a rope or of a sail

take in the slack

(uncountable) The part of anything that hangs loose, having no strain upon it.


slack

en-adj

slack (comparative slacker, superlative slackest)

slacker (comparative)
slackest (superlative)


slack

slack dried hops


slack

Probably from German Schlacke (“dross, slag”). Doublet of slag.

One of the important improvements of recent years has been attained by mixing the peat pulp as it passes through the grinding machine, with other inflammable materials, such as bituminous coal dust, or slack […]

1905, Colliery Engineer, volume 25, page 107

It had rather a woolly and uneven beat and was inclined to prime, but there was no trouble with steaming even though the tender contained mostly small slack and dust.

1959 April, P. Ransome-Wallis, “The Southern in Trouble on the Kent Coast”, in Trains Illustrated, London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 220


Todd

Northern Territory
Northern Territory#English

A river in the Northern Territory, Australia; named for early immigrant Alice Bell Todd (wife of astronomer Charles Todd).


esker

From Irish eiscir (“esker, glacial ridge”).

Another unusual ice-contact feature is an esker, a long, narrow, steep-sided ridge of glaciofluvial sand and gravel inhabiting a glaciated area. Eskers tend to follow valleys and lowlands, carefully picking a course between obstacles.

1988, Robert Phillip Sharp, Living Ice: Understanding Glaciers and Glaciation, page 149

Another objection to the tunnel-valley interpretation comes from a comparison with eskers.[…]The esker rivers and the tunnel-channel rivers of Wisconsin therefore seem to have been the result of significantly different meltwater regimes.

1999, L. Clayton, J. W. Attig, D. M. Mickelson, “Tunnel channels formed in Wisconsin during the last glaciation”, in David M. Mickelson, John W. Attig, editors, Glacial Processes, Past and Present, page 77

2001, Allan D. Randall, Hydrogeologic Framework of Stratified-drift Aquifers in the Glaciated Northeastern United States, US Geological Survey Paper 1415-B, page B37,
The multiple deltas must have formed sequentially, which led Thompson (1982) to conclude that the eskers were built in successive segments.

A long, narrow, sinuous ridge created by deposits from a stream running beneath a glacier.


stack

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-stack.wav

From Middle English stack, stacke, stakke, stak, from Old Norse stakkr (“a barn; haystack; heap; pile”), from Proto-Germanic *stakkaz (“a barn; rick; haystack”), which per Kroonen (arguing for the controversial Kluge's law) is from *stogʰ-nós, cognate with Ancient Greek στόχος (stokhos), but unclear whether he derives *stogʰ-nós from a Proto-Indo-European *stegʰ- (“pole; rod; stick; stake”). Per Pokorny et al., from PIE *(s)teg- (“stake, pole, rod, stick, beam”) and cognate with Latin tignum ("tree trunk, beam, log"), but not cognate with Ancient Greek στόχος.
The data structure sense is a calque of Dutch stapel, introduced by Edsger W. Dijkstra.
Cognate with Icelandic stakkur (“stack”), Swedish stack (“stack”), Danish stak (“stack”), Norwegian stakk (“stack”). Related to stake and sauna.

der

When the microprocessor decodes the JSR opcode, it stores the operand into the TEMP register and pushes the current contents of the PC ($00 0128) onto the stack.

1992, Michael A. Miller, The 68000 Microprocessor Family: Architecture, Programming, and Applications, page 47

(computing, often with "the") A stack data structure stored in main memory that is manipulated during machine language procedure call related instructions.

(geology) A coastal landform, consisting of a large vertical column of rock in the sea.


Murray

en-proper noun

Murray (countable and uncountable, plural Murrays)

Scottish surname derived from the place name Moray in NE Scotland, probably from old Celtic "sea + settlement".

The Murray River, a major river in south-eastern Australia, flowing 2,589 km (1,609 mi) to the Indian Ocean, through New South Wales and Victoria, where it forms the border for hundreds of miles, to the sea through South Australia. Named after Sir George Murray.

A minor river in Stewart Island, New Zealand.


Murray

Unadapted borrowing from English Murray.

a placename:
A major river in southeastern Australia

A minor river in Stewart Island, New Zealand


Blackadder

Scottish Borders
Scottish Borders#English

Blackadder Water, a river in the Scottish Borders council area, Scotland, a tributary of Whiteadder Water.


Tartarus

la-noun

Tartarus m (genitive Tartarī, feminine Tartara); second declension

Tartarī (genitive)
Tartara (feminine)
Tartarus (masculine nominative singular)
Tartara (feminine nominative singular)
Tartarī (masculine nominative plural)
Tartarae (feminine nominative plural)
Tartarī (genitive masculine singular)
Tartarae (feminine genitive singular)
Tartarōrum (genitive masculine plural)
Tartarārum (feminine genitive plural)
Tartarō (dative masculine singular)
Tartarae (dative feminine singular)
Tartarīs (dative masculine plural)
Tartarīs (dative feminine plural)
Tartarum (accusative masculine singular)
Tartaram (accusative feminine singular)
Tartarōs (accusative masculine plural)
Tartarās (accusative feminine plural)
Tartarō (ablative masculine singular)
Tartarā (ablative feminine singular)
Tartarīs (ablative masculine plural)
Tartarīs (ablative feminine plural)
Tartare (masculine singular vocative)
Tartara (feminine singular vocative)
Tartarī (masculine plural vocative)
Tartarae (feminine plural vocative)

[ˈt̪ärt̪ärʊs̠]


laguna

laguna (nominative singular)
laguny (nominative plural)
laguny (genitive singular)
lagun (genitive plural)
laguně (dative singular)
lagunám (dative plural)
lagunu (accusative singular)
laguny (accusative plural)
laguno (singular vocative)
laguny (plural vocative)
laguně (locative singular)
lagunách (locative plural)
lagunou (instrumental singular)
lagunami (instrumental plural)


laguna

desctree

→ French: lagune
→ Danish: lagune
→ Dutch: lagune
→ English: lagoon

→ Portuguese: laguna

→ Romanian: lagună

From earlier *lacuna, from Latin lacūna.


laguna

laguna (nominative singular)
laguny (nominative plural)
laguny (genitive singular)
lagun (genitive plural)
lagunie (dative singular)
lagunom (dative plural)
lagunę (accusative singular)
laguny (accusative plural)
laguną (instrumental singular)
lagunami (instrumental plural)
lagunie (locative singular)
lagunach (locative plural)
laguno (singular vocative)
laguny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian laguna, from Latin lacūna.


laguna

Borrowed from Venetian laguna, Italian laguna, from Latin lacuna. Cf. also Spanish laguna. Doublet of lagoa, which was inherited from Latin, and of lacuna, which was borrowed.

lagoon (shallow body of water separated from the sea by a bar)


laguna

lagúna (canonical feminine)
лагу́на (Cyrillic)
laguna (nominative singular)
lagune (nominative plural)
lagune (genitive singular)
laguna (genitive plural)
laguni (dative singular)
lagunama (dative plural)
lagunu (accusative singular)
lagune (accusative plural)
laguno (singular vocative)
lagune (plural vocative)
laguni (locative singular)
lagunama (locative plural)
lagunom (instrumental singular)
lagunama (instrumental plural)


laguna

Inherited from Latin lacūna. Cognate with English lagoon and lacuna.

lake, pond, pool (smaller than lago but bigger than charca)


/leɪk tʃɑɹ.ɡɑɡˌəˌɡɑɡˌmæn.tʃɑˈɡæ.ɡɑɡ.tʃɑ.buˌnæ.ɡuŋ.ɡə.mɑɡ/

/leɪk tʃɑː.ɡɒɡˌəˌɡɒɡˌman.ˈtʃaʊ̯.ɡə.ɡɒɡ.tʃaʊ̯.bʊˌnə.ɡʊŋ.ɡə.mɔːɡ/

A compound of Chargoggagoggmanchauggagogg, alternative spelling of Chargoggagoggmanchoggagogg, a fanciful name appearing on early maps that adds meaningless syllables to the name of the nearby Manchaug Pond + Chaubunagungamaug, the lake's original name (see that entry for its history). Invented along with a fanciful translation of "I'll fish on my side [of the lake], you fish on your side, and nobody fishes in the middle" in 1921 by Laurence J. Daly, the editor of The Webster Times.

LAKE CHARGOGGAGOGGMANCHAUGGAGOGGCHAUBUNAGUNGAMAUGG is the name of the largest and one of the most beautiful Summer resorts in Massachusetts and is located in the industrial town of Webster close to the Connecticut and Rhode Island borders. Its name is pronounced with ease only by natives of Webster and the Nipmuck Indians.

1938 June 12, “LAKE WITH A LONG NAME; Chaubungungamaug for Short Is One of Massachusett's Beautiful Resorts”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-11-19, RESORTS, page 170

The French River flows generally south throughout its length from Leicester (beginning with Town Meadow Brook from Leicester to Greenville Pond) through Oxford, Dudley, and Webster to Thompson, Connecticut. Probably the best known feature along the French River is Lake Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg (also known as Webster Lake) which drains into the river in Webster via Mill Brook.

1978 July, Water Quality and Research Station, Massachusetts Division of Water Pollution Control, “The French and Quinebaug River Basins”, in Commonwealth of Massachusetts Summary of Water Quality, 1978, →OCLC, page 98

In fact, I can remember sitting with my grandfather Rusack and his good friend, last of the Nipmuck Indians, on the shore of Lake Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg in Massachusetts and listening to the ancient brave's stories.

1985 [1985 December 6], Robert C. Rusack, “The Address of the Right Reverend the Bishop of Los Angeles Robert C. Rusack, S.T.D., D.D. to the Annual Meeting of the Ninetieth Convention December 6, 1985”, in The Journal of the Ninetieth Convention of the Church in the Diocese of Los Angeles, volume I, →OCLC, pages 62-63

Lake Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg is located in the town of Webster, Massachusetts. The name is the longest for any lake in the United States.

2009, Larry B. Pletcher, “Massachusetts Facts and Trivia”, in It Happened In Massachusetts (It Happened In Series), 2nd edition, →OCLC, page 120

Synonym of Lake Chaubunagungamaug in Massachusetts, USA.


chine

table
From Middle English chyne, from Old French eschine, from Frankish *skinu, from Proto-Germanic *skinō. Doublet of shin.

(nautical) A sharp angle in the cross section of a hull.


cao nguyên

[kaːw˧˧ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

[kaːw˧˧ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]


núi

vi-noun

(classifier ngọn, hòn, quả, trái) núi • (𡶀)

ngọn (classifier)
hòn (classifier)
quả (classifier)
trái (classifier)
𡶀 (CJK)

(một ngọn) núi cao

một núi đồ


cirque

Calvert Watkins
North Cascades National Park

Borrowed from French cirque (“circular arena; cirque”), from Latin circus (“circle, ring”), from Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos, “circle, ring; racecourse, circus”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend; to turn”). Doublet of circus.

der

Whose savage trample thus could pad the dank / Soil to a plash? toads in a poisoned tank, / Or wild cats in a red-hot iron cage— / The fight must so have seemed in that fell cirque.

1855, Robert Browning, “Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came”, in Men and Women, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, published 1856, →OCLC, stanzas 22 and 23, page 102

Of course it's going to be bad whenever the clouds let loose, but up here pussyfooting along the perimeter of toothy cirques and dead drops of anywhere from eighty to three hundred feet, it would be a disaster.

1981, T[homas] Coraghessan Boyle, Water Music, London: Granta Books, published 1998, page 344

When the soldiers were not lost among tattered skeins of fog, they could see far out into the cirque, as if it were a bay of black water.

1991, Mark Helprin, A Soldier of the Great War, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, page 569

Only a few lichens and mosses colonize the rocky walls of cirques and nunataks.

2008, Andrea M. J. Coronato, Fernando Coronato, Elizabeth Mazzoni, Miriam Vásquez, “The Physical Geography of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego”, in J. Rabassa, editor, The Late Cenozoic of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, Elsevier, page 45

(geology) A curved depression or natural amphitheatre, especially one in a mountainside at the end of a valley.


nova

nova (nominative singular)
novad (nominative plural)
novan (accusative singular)
novad (accusative plural)
novan (genitive singular)
noviden (genitive plural)
novad (partitive singular)
novid (partitive plural)
novan (essive-instructive singular)
novin (essive-instructive plural)
novaks (singular translative)
novikš (plural translative)
novas (inessive singular)
noviš (inessive plural)
novaspäi (elative singular)
novišpäi (elative plural)
novaha (illative singular)
novihe (illative plural)
noval (adessive singular)
novil (adessive plural)
novalpäi (ablative singular)
novilpäi (ablative plural)
novale (allative singular)
novile (allative plural)
novata (abessive singular)
novita (abessive plural)
novanke (comitative singular)
novidenke (comitative plural)
novadme (prolative singular)
novidme (plural prolative)
novanno (approximative approximative-i singular)
novidenno (approximative approximative-i plural)
novannoks (approximative approximative-ii singular)
novidennoks (approximative approximative-ii plural)
novannopäi (egressive singular)
novidennopäi (egressive plural)
novahasai (singular terminative terminative-i)
novihesai (plural terminative terminative-i)
novalesai (singular terminative terminative-ii)
novilesai (plural terminative terminative-ii)
novassai (singular terminative terminative-iii)
novahapäi (additive additive-i singular)
novihepäi (additive additive-i plural)
novalepäi (additive additive-ii singular)
novilepäi (additive additive-ii plural)

From Proto-Finnic *nëva. Cognates include Finnish neva.


fiume

Questo fiume di luce, di vita, di pace e di amore per la Madre di Dio, ha generato gruppi di preghiera ovunque.

This river of light, peace and love for the Mother of God has generated prayer groups everywhere.


sea change

/ˈsiːˌt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/

From Act I, scene ii, of The Tempest (1610–1611) by the English playwright William Shakespeare (1564–1616), spelling modernized: “Full fathom five thy father lies, / Of his bones are coral made: / Those are pearls that were his eyes, / Nothing of him that doth fade, / But doth suffer a sea-change / Into something rich and strange”. The passage refers to how a drowned man’s body lying on the sea bed had been transformed by the sea.

Public opinion has undergone a sea change since the 2002 elections.

A few days wrought, as it were, a magical "sea change" in everything around us. The late dark and angry sea, lashed up into roaring and swashing surges, became calm and sunny; the rude winds died away; and gradually a light breeze sprang up directly aft.

1842 March, “The Bermudas”, in The Ladies’ Cabinet of Fashion, Music, and Romance, volume VII, London: Geo[rge] Henderson, […], →OCLC, page 188

His [Frederick Marryat's] last work, ‘Percival Keane’ (1842), betrays no falling-off, but, on the contrary, is one of the most vigorous and interesting of his ‘sea changes.’

1851, “Captain Frederick Marryat”, in Robert Chambers, editor, Cyclopædia of English Literature: A Selection of the Choicest Productions of English Authors, from the Earliest to the Present Time, […], volume II, Boston, Mass.: Gould and Lincoln, […], →OCLC, page 622, column 2

[S]uddenly, a "sea change" came over his features, […]

1854 January 14, Supplement to The Courant. […], volume XIX, number 1, Hartford, Conn.: Boswell & Faxon, →OCLC, page 8, column 1

Assuredly the fine old North Carolinan [William Alexander Graham], who has meanwhile himself gone under politically, as little anticipated while penning this sententious answer the "sea-change" as the sectional one which was to come after him. A "sea-change" has indeed transpired.

1869 December 4, “Submarine Warfare”, in The United States Army and Navy Journal and Gazette of the Regular and Volunteer Forces, volume VII, number 16, New York, N.Y.: Army and Navy Journal, →OCLC, page 237, column 1

It is interesting to watch how the most unpromising subject seems to warm and assimilate with his [John Randolph of Roanoke's] genius. Everything undergoes a seachange.

1879 October, W. C. B., “John Randolph: A Sketch”, in W. P. Kent, editor, The Virginia University Magazine, volume XIX, number 1, Charlottesville, Va.: Literary Societies of the University of Virginia; Chronicle Steam Book and Job Printing Office, →OCLC, page 38

Is it possible that our sense of humor has already undergone a sea-change? […] [T]he book as a whole seems strangely antiquated.

1889 August, “Books of the Month”, in The Atlantic Monthly: A Magazine of Literature, Science, Art, and Politics, volume LXIV, number CCCLXXXII, Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC, page 288, column 2

There are other worlds than ours, and we never again return to the old place, because we have suffered not only a sea-change but a soul-change.

1894 December, Helen Marshall North, “The Charm of Variety in Life”, in Theodore L. Flood, editor, The Chautauquan […], volume XI (New Series; volume XX overall), number 3, Meadville, Pa.: The T. L. Flood Publishing House, →OCLC, page 340, column 2

On the right, emerging from the social sciences, is a position that identifies the recent sea changes in Eastern Europe and the USSR, the longer-term global shifts toward internationalisation and the collapse of movement politics of various kinds as calling into question the continuing relevance of the neo Marxist 'motor' of cultural studies.

1992, Stuart Cunningham, “A Tale of Two Institutions”, in John Tulloch, editor, Framing Culture: Criticism and Policy in Australia (Australian Cultural Studies), St. Leonards, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin, page 21

New economic, social and international pressures were threatening a seachange in the language of politics, with more activism sought from government than in the laissez-faire nineteenth century.

1996, Anthony Seldon, “Introduction: The Tory Party in Power: 1783–1996”, in How Tory Governments Fall: The Tory Party in Power since 1783, London: Fourth Estate, HarperCollins, published June 2016

Don't be swayed by minor setbacks: Don't confuse minor shifts with sea-changes. A bump in the road can—and should—be navigated without making major route changes.

2003, Vince Lombardi, Jr., “Think Big Picture”, in The Lombardi Rules: 26 Lessons from Vince Lombardi, the World’s Greatest Coach (McGraw-Hill Professional Education), McGraw-Hill, page 10

There has been a sea change in the language used to describe post-Roman times. Words like ‘decline’ and ‘crisis’, which suggest problems at the end of the empire and which were quite usual into the 1970s, have largely disappeared from historians’ vocabularies, to be replaced by neutral terms, like ‘transition’, ‘change’, and ‘transformation’.

2005, Bryan Ward-Perkins, “Did Rome Ever Fall?”, in The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization, 1st paperback edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, published 2006, page 4

A sea change is under way. It used to be that when a man spoke, people listened; and when a woman spoke, her credentials were questioned, appearance found lacking, and message dismissed. Not. Any. More.

2018, Christine K. Jahnke, “Introduction”, in The Well-spoken Woman Speaks Out: How to Use Your Voice to Drive Change, Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, […], page 10

The catalyst was the introduction of the Health & Safety at Work Act in 1974. While it applied to all workplaces, it gradually brought about a sea change in the attitude towards death and injury. Accidents were no longer accepted as 'inevitable'.

2022 January 26, John Crosse, “When the tide turned to a safer railway...”, in RAIL, number 949, page 53

(idiomatic) A profound transformation; a metamorphosis.

تغير البحر

profound transformation — see also metamorphosis


wetland

From wet + land. Cognate with West Frisian wetlân.

European adventurers found themselves within a watery world, a tapestry of streams, channels, wetlands, lakes and lush riparian meadows enriched by floodwaters from the Mississippi River.

2013 January 30, Nancy Langston, “The Fraught History of a Watery World”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 1, archived from the original on 2013-01-22, page 59

(usually in the plural) Land that is covered mostly with water, with occasional marshy and soggy areas.

vleiland

land that is covered mostly with water, with occasional marshy and soggy areas


vulcano

→ Albanian: vullkan

→ Aragonese: bolcán

→ Asturian: volcán

→ Azerbaijani: vulkan

→ Belarusian: вулкан (vulkan)

→ Bulgarian: вулкан (vulkan)

→ Corsican: volcanu, vulcanu

→ Czech: vulkán

→ Danish: vulkan

→ Emilian: vulcan

desctree

→ English: volcano, vulcano (obsolete)
Bislama: volkeno
→ Scottish Gaelic: bholcàno
→ Swahili: volkano, volkeno

→ Friulian: vulcan

→ Galician: volcán

→ Georgian: ვულკანი (vulḳani)

→ German: Vulkan
→ Hungarian: vulkán

→ Latvian: vulkāns

→ Luxembourgish: Vulkan

→ Macedonian: вулкан (vulkan)

→ Manx: volcaan

→ Middle Dutch: vulcaen

Dutch: vulkaan
Afrikaans: vulkaan

→ Mirandese: bulcon

→ Norwegian: vulkan

→ Northern Kurdish: volkan

→ Neapolitan: vurcano

→ Piedmontese: vulcan

→ Polish: wulkan

→ Portuguese: vulcão

→ Romanian: vulcan

→ Romansch: vulcan

→ Russian: вулкан (vulkan)

→ Sardinian: vulcanu, burcanu

→ Serbo-Croatian: vulkan / вулкан

→ Slovak: vulkán

→ Slovene: vulkan

→ Spanish: volcán (see there for further descendants)

→ Swedish: vulkan

→ Ukrainian: вулкан (vulkan)

→ Uzbek: vulkan, vulqon

→ Venetian: volcan

→ Walloon: volcan

→ West Frisian: fulkaan

→ Yiddish: וווּלקאַן (vulkan)


gat

gaśik (diminutive)
gat (nominative singular)
gata (dual nominative)
gaty (nominative plural)
gata (genitive singular)
gatowu (dual genitive)
gatow (genitive plural)
gatoju (dative singular)
gatoma (dative dual)
gatam (dative plural)
gat (accusative singular)
gata (accusative dual)
gaty (accusative plural)
gatom (instrumental singular)
gatoma (dual instrumental)
gatami (instrumental plural)
gaśe (locative singular)
gatoma (dual locative)
gatach (locative plural)

From Proto-Slavic *gatь (“dike”). Cognate with Upper Sorbian hat, Polish gać, Serbo-Croatian gat (“ditch, dam”).


channel

→ Japanese: チャンネル (channeru)

→ Korean: 채널 (chaeneol)

→ Welsh: sianel

From Middle English chanel (also as canel, cannel, kanel), a borrowing from Old French chanel, canel, from Latin canālis (“groove; canal; channel”). Doublet of canal.

kanal

communication: single path provided by a transmission medium via physical separation

kanaal

broadcasting: specific radio frequency or band of frequencies used for transmitting television

The English Channel lies between France and England.

Our citizens and our businesses on both sides of the channel need more security and predictability for the future

2018 May 14, Jon Stone in Brussels, The Independent

A narrow body of water between two land masses.

նեղուց

distribution channel
distribution channel

(business, marketing) A distribution channel


Dee

Dee
River Dee (Ireland)
River Dee, Aberdeenshire
River Dee, Cumbria
River Dee, Wales

A river in Aberdeenshire council area, Scotland that flows about 145 km (90 mi) from the Cairngorm Mountains to the North Sea at Aberdeen.

A river in Wales and England that flows about 113 km (70 mi) from Snowdonia to the Irish Sea near Liverpool.

A river in Cumbria, England, which flows through Dentdale and joins the River Rawthey near Sedbergh.

A river in County Cavan and County Louth, Ireland.


coastline

en-noun

coastline (countable and uncountable, plural coastlines)

With the sea below us grey and storm swept, and the coast line vague in the driving rain, we forged our way up the bank to breast the summit at 37 m.p.h.

1947 January and February, O. S. Nock, “"The Aberdonian" in Wartime”, in Railway Magazine, page 8

The journey is worth an article in itself, but all I can give is a flavour of a railway which traverses a bleak but dramatic coastline that's regularly battered by the elements - especially around Parton, where the line is constantly threatened by the sea.

2022 November 2, Paul Bigland, “New trains, old trains, and splendid scenery”, in RAIL, number 969, pages 56–57

The shape, outline, or boundary of a coast. (The term coastline is generally used to describe the approximate boundaries at relatively large spatial scales.)


Gibraltar

/d͡ʒɪˈbɹɔːltə(ɹ)/

/d͡ʒɪˈbɹɒltə(ɹ)/

Pillars of Hercules
Tariq ibn Ziyad
Umayyad conquest of Hispania

From Spanish Gibraltar, from Arabic جَبَل طَارِق (jabal ṭāriq, “Mount Tariq”), named after Tariq ibn Ziyad, who led the Umayyad conquest of Hispania, starting in 711. Replaced earlier Latin Mons Calpe (“Mount Calpe”) for the land, and Columnae Herculis, from Ancient Greek Ἡράκλειαι στῆλαι (Hērákleiai stêlai, “Pillars of Hercules”), for the strait.

der

جَبَل طَارِق

cog

Ἡράκλειαι στῆλαι

A strait connecting the Mediterranean to the Atlantic between Gibraltar and Morocco.


Gibraltar

Gibraltar (nominative singular)
Gibraltaru (genitive singular)
Gibraltarowi (dative singular)
Gibraltar (accusative singular)
Gibraltarem (instrumental singular)
Gibraltarze (locative singular)
Gibraltarze (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Gibraltar, from Spanish Gibraltar, from Arabic جَبَل طَارِق (jabal ṭāriq).

der

جَبَل طَارِق

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)

Gibraltar (a strait connecting the Mediterranean to the Atlantic between Gibraltar and Morocco)


estuary

/ˈɛst͡ʃʊəɹi/

/ˈɛst͡ʃuˌɛɹi/

From Latin aestuarium (“creek”, “estuary of a river”).

There's something special about tidal estuaries, due to the abundance of wildlife and the ever-changing scenes as the water ebbs or rises. Throw in some moody skies and filtered sunlight, and the views can resemble a painting by Turner - only you don't have to go to the National Gallery to see this, it's brought to your seat on a train.

2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 65

A coastal water body where ocean tides and river water merge, resulting in a brackish water zone.

estuarium

place where ocean tides and river water merge

An ocean inlet also fed by fresh river water.

ría

an ocean inlet also fed by fresh river water


lade

From Middle English lad, from Old English lād, from Proto-Germanic *laidō (“a way, course”). Related to lode, lead (“to conduct”).

(Scotland) Water pumped into and out of mills, especially woolen mills.


ravine

Borrowed from French ravin (“a gully”), from Old French raviner (“to pillage, sweep down, cascade”), from ravine (“robbery, rapine; violent rush of water, waterfall, avalanche; impetuosity, spirit”), from Latin rapīna (cf. rapine).

He fell into a reverie, a most dangerous state of mind for a chauffeur, since a fall into reverie on the part of a driver may mean a fall into a ravine on the part of the machine.

1913, Robert Barr, chapter 3, in Lord Stranleigh Abroad

Thirty feet below her, where the Persians were crashing through the brush, the streambed kinked to the left side of the ravine and ran under an enormous thorn tree with a thick base.

2007 April 1, Thomas Harlan, The Shadow of Ararat: Book One of 'The Oath of Empire', page 294

A deep narrow valley or gorge in the earth's surface worn by running water.


ravine

From the Old French verb raviner (“flow with force; sweep down; pillage, cascade”), or from the noun ravine, raveine (“robbery, rapine; violent rush of water, waterfall, avalanche; impetuosity, spirit”), from Latin rapīna. Doublet of rapine, a borrowing from the same Latin term.

first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive


ravine

ravinen (definite singular)
raviner (indefinite plural)
ravinene (definite plural)


ravine

ravinen (definite singular)
ravinar (indefinite plural)
ravinane (definite plural)


muro

muro (nominative singular)
murot (nominative plural)
muron (genitive singular)
murroin (genitive plural)
muroloin (genitive plural)
murroa (partitive singular)
muroja (partitive plural)
muroloja (partitive plural)
murroo (illative singular)
murroi (illative plural)
muroloihe (illative plural)
muros (inessive singular)
murois (inessive plural)
murolois (inessive plural)
murost (elative singular)
muroist (elative plural)
muroloist (elative plural)
murolle (allative singular)
muroille (allative plural)
muroloille (allative plural)
murol (adessive singular)
muroil (adessive plural)
muroloil (adessive plural)
murolt (ablative singular)
muroilt (ablative plural)
muroloilt (ablative plural)
muroks (singular translative)
muroiks (plural translative)
muroloiks (plural translative)
muronna (essive singular)
murroon (essive singular)
muroinna (essive plural)
muroloinna (essive plural)
murroin (essive plural)
muroloin (essive plural)
muront (exessive singular)
muroint (exessive plural)
muroloint (exessive plural)


flod

head

flod c (singular definite floden, plural indefinite floder)

floden (definite singular)
floder (indefinite plural)
flod (indefinite nominative singular)
floden (definite nominative singular)
floder (indefinite nominative plural)
floderne (definite nominative plural)
flods (genitive indefinite singular)
flodens (definite genitive singular)
floders (genitive indefinite plural)
flodernes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Danish floth, from Old Norse flóð, from Proto-Germanic *flōduz, from *pleh₃(w)- (“flow”). Compare Swedish flod, Icelandic flóð, English flood, Dutch vloed, German Flut.


flod

English: flood

Scots: fluid, flude

Inherited from Old English flōd, from Proto-Germanic *flōduz.

A waterbody or water in general (opposed to land):

A river; a waterbody that moves in one direction.

A lake or ocean; a large open body of water.

(figurative) Something that flows or issues in abundance.


flod

floda (definite singular)
floden (definite singular)
floder (indefinite plural)
flodene (definite plural)

From Old Norse flóð, compare with German Flut.


flod

floden (definite singular)
floder (indefinite plural)
flodene (definite plural)

From Middle Low German vlot and German Fluß (now Fluss).


flod

floda (definite singular)
floder (indefinite plural)
flodene (definite plural)


flod

flod (indefinite nominative singular)
floden (definite nominative singular)
floder (indefinite nominative plural)
floderna (definite nominative plural)
flods (genitive indefinite singular)
flodens (definite genitive singular)
floders (genitive indefinite plural)
flodernas (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse flóð, from Proto-Germanic *flōduz, from Proto-Indo-European *pléh₃tus. Compare Danish flod, Icelandic flóð, English flood, Dutch vloed, German Flut.


swamp

Sranan Tongo: swampu

→ Dutch: zwamp

From a fusion of Middle English swam (“swamp, muddy pool, bog, marsh”, also “fungus, mushroom”), from Old English swamm (“mushroom, fungus, sponge”), and Middle English sompe (“marsh, morass”), from Middle Dutch somp, sump (“marsh, swamp”), or Middle Low German sump (“marsh, swamp”), from Old Saxon *sump (“swamp, marsh”); all from Proto-West Germanic *sump, from Proto-Germanic *sumpaz.
Cognate with Dutch zwamp (“swamp, marsh, fen”), Middle Low German swamp (“sponge, mushroom”), Dutch zomp (“swamp, lake, marshy place”), German Low German Sump (“swamp, bog, marsh”), German Sumpf (“swamp”), Swedish sump (“swamp”). Related also to Dutch zwam (“fungus, punk, tinder”), German Schwamm (“mushroom, fungus, sponge”), Swedish svamp (“mushroom, fungus, sponge”), Icelandic svampur, sveppur (“fungus”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌿𐌼𐍃𐌻 (swumsl, “a ditch”). Related to sump, swim.

cog

A piece of wet, spongy land; low ground saturated with water; soft, wet ground which may have a growth of certain kinds of trees, but is unfit for agricultural or pastoral purposes.

A type of wetland that stretches for vast distances, and is home to many creatures which have adapted specifically to that environment.


swamp

en-verb

swamp (third-person singular simple present swamps, present participle swamping, simple past and past participle swamped)

swamps (present singular third-person)
swamping (participle present)
swamped (participle past)
swamped (past)

The Whig majority of the house of Lords was swamped by the creation of twelve Tory peers.

1874, John Richard Green, A Short History of the English People

Having swamped himself in following the ignis fatuus of a theory[…]

c. 1835, William Hamilton, “Metaphysics and Moral Science”, in Edinburgh Review

(figurative) To plunge into difficulties and perils; to overwhelm; to ruin; to wreck.


Duncan

en-proper noun

Duncan (countable and uncountable, plural Duncans)

* As a Scottish Gaelic and Irish surname, from Donnchadh, a name composed of donn (“brown”) + cath (“battle”). Also spelled as Donagh and Donaghue, Donahue.
* Also as an Irish surname, Anglicized from ó Duinnchinn, from donn (“brown”) + ceann (“head”).

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

A river in British Columbia, Canada; running 206 km near Mount Dawson into the Kootenay Lake; named for prospector John Duncan.

A short river in the Southern Alps, New Zealand.


våg

vågen (definite singular)
vågar (indefinite plural)
vågane (definite plural)

From Old Norse vágr, from Proto-Germanic *wēgaz.


våg

Same as Etymology 1. Specialized use of våg m.


våg

våga (definite singular)
våger (indefinite plural)
vågene (definite plural)

(measure unit): Russenorsk: våga

From Old Norse vág f, from Proto-Germanic *wēgō (“scales, weight”).

(historical, units of measure) an older unit of weight used to measure heavier goods, around 18 kg.


seaport

A town or harbour with facilities for seagoing ships to dock and take on or discharge cargo.


volcano

en-verb

volcano (third-person singular simple present volcanos or volcanoes, present participle volcanoing, simple past and past participle volcanoed)

volcanos (present singular third-person)
volcanoes (present singular third-person)
volcanoing (participle present)
volcanoed (participle past)
volcanoed (past)

From Italian vulcano, from Latin Vulcānus (“Vulcan, the Roman god of fire and metalworking”). Doublet of bolcane and Vulcan.

der

She shrank back, the words volcanoed, words that stabbed again, and yet again

Startled, you look up at the horizon just in time to see a gigantic plume of ash and dust volcanoing up into the sky and spreading out to form a gigantic cloud that will persist for days, weeks, perhaps years.

2012, George Pratt, Peter Lambrou, John David Mann, Code to Joy: The Four-Step Solution to Unlocking Your Natural State of Happiness


mount

English: mount

Scots: munt

From Old English munt and Anglo-Norman mount, both from Latin mōns.

A mountain; a mount or peak, especially the Alps.


Krishna

en-prop

Krishna (countable and uncountable, plural Krishnas)


isle

From Middle English ile, yle (with s added, similar to English island), borrowed from Old French ille, idle, isle, from Latin insula. Not related to island. Doublet of insula.

An island, usually very small. Compare with islet.


hum

hȗm (canonical masculine)
ху̑м (Cyrillic)
hȗm (nominative singular)
húmovi (nominative plural)
huma (genitive singular)
humova (genitive plural)
humu (dative singular)
humovima (dative plural)
hum (accusative singular)
humove (accusative plural)
hume (singular vocative)
humovi (plural vocative)
humu (locative singular)
humovima (locative plural)
humom (instrumental singular)
humovima (instrumental plural)

barrow, tumulus (mound of earth raised over a grave)


rum

rum (nominative singular)
rumy (nominative plural)
rumu (genitive singular)
rumów (genitive plural)
rumowi (dative singular)
rumom (dative plural)
rum (accusative singular)
rumy (accusative plural)
rumem (instrumental singular)
rumami (instrumental plural)
rumie (locative singular)
rumach (locative plural)
rumie (singular vocative)
rumy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Middle High German rūm, roum, from Old High German rūm, from Proto-Germanic *rūmą.

bor+

(archaic, geology) broken debris, rock crumbs


sala

sala (nominative singular)
salas (nominative plural)
salu (accusative singular)
salas (accusative plural)
salas (genitive singular)
salu (genitive plural)
salai (dative singular)
salām (dative plural)
salu (instrumental singular)
salām (instrumental plural)
salā (locative singular)
salās (locative plural)
sala (singular vocative)
salas (plural vocative)

There are different opinions on the origin of this word. Some derive it from Proto-Baltic *sel-, *sal-, from Proto-Indo-European *sel-, a variant of *ser- (“to flow”); in this case, the original meaning would have been “stream, river,” from which “body of water”(cf. Lithuanian sálti (“to flow slowly”), Ancient Greek ἕλος (hélos, “swamp”) (< *selos), Sanskrit सरः (sáraḥ, “lake, pond”), perhaps also Latin insula < *in-sal-, and several river names: Salaca, Salica > Selke in Germany, Salate), then “something inside (a body of water),” “island.” Others derive sala from *ap(i)sala, from a verb meaning “to flow” (cf. Russian о́стров (óstrov, “island”), from Proto-Slavic *o-strovь, so that the original meaning would be “that which is surrounded by flowing (water)”). Still others consider sala to come from Proto-Indo-European *swel- (“to swell”), with as original meaning “(river) silt, deposits, sediments.” Cognates include Lithuanian salà; comparable Baltic-Finnic terms (Livonian sala (“island”), Estonian salu (“swamp island”), Finnish salo (“forest island; forest”)) are considered as borrowings from Baltic.

okeāna, jūras, ezera sala

salu grupas

vulkāniskā sala

sanesumu sala

kontinentālā sala

koraļļu sala

Madagaskaras sala

island (relatively small amount of land surrounded by water in a river, sea, or ocean)

cilvēki rakuši mantu zemē un ar lopiem un vezumiem mēģinājuši noslēpties silos un purvu salās

the people hid their property in the land and with (their) cattle and wagons tried to hide in the pine forest and swamp islands

island (higher place in a swamp or forest)


sala

salà (canonical feminine stress-pattern-4)
sãlos (plural)
salà (nominative singular)
sãlos (nominative plural)
salõs (genitive singular)
salų̃ (genitive plural)
sãlai (dative singular)
salóms (dative plural)
sãlą (accusative singular)
salàs (accusative plural)
salà (instrumental singular)
salomìs (instrumental plural)
salojè (locative singular)
salosè (locative plural)
sãla (singular vocative)
sãlos (plural vocative)

Cognate with Proto-Germanic *salą and Old Church Slavonic село (selo).


mynydd

mynyddoedd (plural)
mynydd (mutation mutation-radical)
fynydd (mutation mutation-soft)

From Middle Welsh mynyð, from Proto-Brythonic *mönɨð, from Proto-Celtic *moniyos (compare Cornish menydh, Breton menez), from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to tower, stand out”) (compare Latin mōns).

der

common, unenclosed land, mountain land, moorland; agricultural land; plain


afon

afonydd (plural)
afon (mutation mutation-radical)
hafon (mutation prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh afon, from Proto-Brythonic *aβon, from Proto-Celtic *abū, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-h₃ōn-, from *h₂ep- (“body of water”).


stream

→ Finnish: striimi (live stream)

From Middle English streem, strem, from Old English strēam, from Proto-West Germanic *straum, from Proto-Germanic *straumaz (“stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *srowmos (“river”), from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”). Doublet of rheum.
Cognate with Scots strem, streme, streym (“stream, river”), North Frisian strum (“stream”), West Frisian stream (“stream”), Low German Stroom (“stream”), Dutch stroom (“current, flow, stream”), German Strom (“current, stream”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål strøm (“current, stream, flow”), Norwegian Nynorsk straum (“current, stream, flow”), Swedish ström (“current, stream, flow”), Icelandic straumur (“current, stream, torrent, flood”), Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma, “stream, flow”), Lithuanian srovė (“current, stream”) Polish strumień (“stream”), Welsh ffrwd (“stream, current”), Scottish Gaelic sruth (“stream”).

cog

Her constant nagging was to him a stream of abuse.

A new stream of migrants is leaving the continent. It threatens to become a torrent if the debt crisis continues to worsen.

2011 December 21, Helen Pidd, “Europeans migrate south as continent drifts deeper into crisis”, in the Guardian

Any steady flow or succession of material, such as water, air, radio signal or words.

stroom

any steady flow or succession of material


tickle

en-verb

tickle (third-person singular simple present tickles, present participle tickling, simple past and past participle tickled)

tickles (present singular third-person)
tickling (participle present)
tickled (participle past)
tickled (past)

From Middle English tiklen, tikelen, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a frequentative form of Middle English tikken (“to touch lightly”), thus equivalent to tick + -le; or perhaps related to Old English tinclian (“to tickle”). Compare North Frisian tigele (“to tickle”) (Hallig dialect), and tiikle (“to tickle”) (Amrum dialect), German dialectal zicklen (“to excite; stir up”).
Alternatively, from a metathetic alteration of Middle English kitelen ("to tickle"; see kittle).

gloss

"to tickle"; see <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">kittle</i>

kielie

to touch in a manner that causes tingling sensation

He tickled Nancy's tummy, and she started to giggle.

(transitive) To touch repeatedly or stroke delicately in a manner which causes laughter, pleasure and twitching.

A stranger tickled Nancy's tummy, causing her to scream in fear.

(transitive) To unexpectedly touch or stroke delicately in a manner which causes displeasure or withdrawal.

(transitive) To appeal to someone's taste, curiosity etc.

kiinnostaa

to appeal to someone's taste, curiosity etc.

(transitive) To catch fish in the hand (usually in rivers or smaller streams) by manually stimulating the fins.

ловя с ръце

to catch fish in the hand by stimulating the fins


tickle

en-adv

tickle (comparative more tickle, superlative most tickle)

more tickle (comparative)
most tickle (superlative)


Connecticut

Said to be from Mohegan-Pequot quinnitukqut (“at the long tidal river”), from *kwen- (“long”) (spelling due to confusion with connect) + *-ehtekw (“tidal river”) + *-enk (locative).

bor

Alabama · Alaska · Arizona · Arkansas · California · Colorado · Connecticut · Delaware · Florida · Georgia · Hawaii · Idaho · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Louisiana · Maine · Maryland · Massachusetts · Michigan · Minnesota · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · Nevada · New Hampshire · New Jersey · New Mexico · New York · North Carolina · North Dakota · Ohio · Oklahoma · Oregon · Pennsylvania · Rhode Island · South Carolina · South Dakota · Tennessee · Texas · Utah · Vermont · Virginia · Washington · West Virginia · Wisconsin · Wyoming

A river in the United States that flows from northern New Hampshire into Long Island Sound.

American Samoa · Guam · Northern Mariana Islands · Puerto Rico · United States minor outlying islands · United States Virgin Islands


Connecticut

Borrowed from English Connecticut, from Mohegan-Pequot quinnitukqut (“at the long tidal river”), from *kwen- (“long”) + *-ehtekw (“tidal river”) + *-enk (“place”).

Connecticut (a river in the United States)


Cumberland

From Middle English Cumberlond, Cumberland, Cumbreland, from Old English Cumberland, Cumbraland, Cumerland, from Cumbric *Cumbri + Old English land, from Proto-Brythonic *kömrüɣ, plural of *kömroɣ. By surface analysis, Cumbria + -land. Doublet of Cumberland and Cambria. Cognate with Welsh Cymru.

Cumberland
Cumberland (disambiguation)
Cumberland, Maryland

A river in Kentucky and Tennessee, United States, a tributary to the Ohio River.


Avon

From Proto-Brythonic *aβon (“river”). Compare with Welsh afon.

A number of rivers in the United Kingdom:

A river in Wiltshire and Somerset, England; running from Acton Turville into the Bristol Channel at Avonmouth.

A river in Devon, England; running from Dartmoor into the English Channel at Bigbury-on-Sea.

A river in Northamptonshire, Leicestershire, Warwickshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire, England; running from Naseby into the Severn at Tewkesbury, and known as the Warwickshire Avon.

A river in Wiltshire, Hampshire and Dorset, England; running from Pewsey into the English Channel at Mudeford.

A river in Hampshire, England; running from the New Forest into the Solent at Keyhaven.

A river in England; running from Horton into the Berkeley Pill at Berkeley.

A river mainly in Falkirk council area, Scotland; running from Longriggend into the Firth of Forth at Grangemouth.

A river in Scotland; running from Loch A'an in the Cairngorms into the Spey at Ballindalloch.

A river in Scotland; running from Distinkhorn Hill near Strathaven into the Clyde at Hamilton.

A river in Canada; running from Lake Victoria in Stratford, Ontario into the Thames near St. Marys.

A river in Canada; running from South Mountain in Nova Scotia to the Minas Basin at Avonport.

A river in New Zealand; running from Avonhead into Pegasus Bay.

A river in New Zealand; running from a source in the Marlborough Region into the Waihopai.

A river in Australia; running from Barrington Tops in New South Wales into the Gloucester River at Gloucester.

A river in Australia; running from the Illawarra escarpment in New South Wales into the Cordeaux near Wilton.

A river in Australia; running from Mount Wellington in Victoria into Lake Wellington.

A river in Australia; running from the confluence of Avon and Reedy Creeks in Victoria into the Richardson River at Banyena.

A river in Australia; running from near Pingelly in Western Australia to Walyunga National Park, where it merges with Wooroloo Brook to form the Swan.


Iowa

From French Aiouez/Ayoés, an early transliteration of the name for the Iowa tribe, from Dakota ayúxba (“sleepy ones”).

A tributary of the Mississippi River which flows through Iowa in a southeast direction.


Wisconsin

Borrowed from French Ouisconsin, itself borrowed from an uncertain Native American language. Theories include:
* Miami meeskohsinki or Algonquin meskousing, both meaning "it lies red", the name given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian-speaking American Indian groups living in the region at the time of European contact. "Meskousing" is known from maps drawn by the French from the 1670s onwards, it is believed subsequent transcribers mistook the stylized cursive "M" for "OU".
* Menominee wēskōhsek (“a good place”), from Wēskōhsek Sēpēw ("the river where it is good to live")
* An Ojibwe term, suggestions include miskwasiniig (“red stones”), referring to the red sandstone of the dells of the Wisconsin River; and wiishihkaanhs (“little lodge”), referring to the dwellings of the abundant beavers and muskrats.
A researcher for the State of Wisconsin Historical Society concluded in frustration, "I have not found two Indians to agree on the meaning of this word."

A river in the United States that flows from northern Wisconsin into the Mississippi.


Wisconsin

Unadapted borrowing from English Wisconsin.

ubor

Wisconsin (a river in the United States)


Colorado

/kɑləˈɹɑdoʊ/

/kɑləˈɹædoʊ/

/kɒləˈɹɑːdəʊ/

From Spanish colorado (“red, ruddy, colored”), usually from the reddish appearance of some silt-laden rivers, or from Portuguese colorado in the case of Brazilian locations.

der

Colorado (disambiguation)
Colorado River

Meronym: humpback chub

Gulf of California
Gulf of California#English

A major river of western North America, running from the Rocky Mountains in the United States to the Gulf of California in Mexico.

A river in Texas in the United States, flowing into the Gulf of Mexico.

A river in southern Argentina, running from the Andes into the Atlantic.


Colorado

The Colorado River (a major river of western North America, running from the Rocky Mountains in the United States to the Gulf of California in Mexico.)


Colorado

Colorado (a river in North America, located between the United States and Mexico)


subcontinent

subcontinente (plural)
subcontinent (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
un subcontinent (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
subcontinentul (accusative definite nominative singular)
subcontinente (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
niște subcontinente (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
subcontinentele (accusative definite nominative plural)
subcontinent (dative genitive indefinite singular)
unui subcontinent (dative genitive indefinite singular)
subcontinentului (dative definite genitive singular)
subcontinente (dative genitive indefinite plural)
unor subcontinente (dative genitive indefinite plural)
subcontinentelor (dative definite genitive plural)
subcontinentule (singular vocative)
subcontinentelor (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French sous-continent. By surface analysis, sub- + continent.


Missouri

From a French adaptation of Miami wimihsoorita (“the people who have dugout canoes”), a term for the inhabitants of the area around the Missouri River.

The longest river in North America, rising in the Rocky Mountains of western Montana and flowing roughly southeast over 2,300 miles through North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas and Missouri, before joining the Mississippi at St. Louis.


Missouri

de-proper noun

der Missouri m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Missouris)

der Missouri (canonical masculine)
des Missouris (definite genitive)


Missouri

Borrowed from English Missouri, from a French adaptation of Miami wimihsoorita (“the people who have dugout canoes”), a term for the inhabitants of the area around the Missouri River.


Missouri

Unadapted borrowing from English Missouri.


Michigan

Borrowed from English Michigan, from Ojibwe mishigami (“great lake”)/ᒥᔑᑲᒥ.


plain

en-adj

plain (comparative plainer, superlative plainest)

plainer (comparative)
plainest (superlative)

From Middle English pleyn, borrowed from Anglo-Norman pleyn, playn, Middle French plain, plein, and Old French plain, from Latin plānus (“flat, even, level, plain”).

der

He was dressed simply in plain black clothes.

a plain tune

The ability of a segment of a glass sphere to magnify whatever is placed before it was known around the year 1000, when the spherical segment was called a reading stone, essentially what today we might term a frameless magnifying glass or plain glass paperweight.

2013 September–October, Henry Petroski, “The Evolution of Eyeglasses”, in American Scientist

Ordinary; lacking adornment or ornamentation; unembellished.

بَسِيط

ordinary; lacking adornment or ornamentation

(computing) Containing no extended or nonprinting characters (especially in plain text).

net

computing: containing no non-printing characters


Illinois

From a French adaptation of an Algonquian (perhaps Ojibwe) name derived from Miami ilenweewa (“he speaks the regular way”).

A river in the United States that flows from Grundy County, Illinois, into the Mississippi River.

A river in Colorado, United States that flows from the Never Summer Mountains in the Rockies into the Michigan River.

A river in Oklahoma, United States that flows from the Ozarks into the Arkansas River.

A river in Oregon, United States that flows from the southwestern corner of the state into the Rogue River.


Illinois

Borrowed from English Illinois, from a French adaptation of an Algonquian name derived from Miami ilenweewa (“he speaks the regular way”).


Delaware

The river in the northeastern United States was named for Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr (1577–1618). The people and the state were named for the river.

A river in the northeastern United States, running from the Catskills into the Atlantic Ocean at Delaware Bay.

A river in the United States that flows from northeast Kansas into the Kansas River.

Several places in the United States, named for the people or the state.

A city, the county seat of Delaware County, Ohio.

An unincorporated community in Ripley County, Indiana.

An unincorporated community in Shannon County, Missouri.

A ghost town in Keweenaw County, Michigan, in the Upper Peninsula.

A number of townships in the United States, listed under Delaware Township.


Delaware

Unadapted borrowing from English Delaware.

ubor

Delaware (a river in the eastern United States)


Kent

From Old English Cent, from Latin Cantium, from Brythonic *Cantio (compare Old Irish céite (“gathering, folkmoot, hillock”)), from Proto-Celtic *kantos (“corner, rim”).

cog

A river in Cumbria, England, which flows into Morecambe Bay at Arnside.


Pacific Ocean

cf. Pacific. Portuguese explorer Magellan called the ocean pacífico (“peaceful”) (in c. 1519) because, after sailing through the stormy seas off Cape Horn, the expedition found calm waters.

An ocean, the world's largest body of water, to the east of Asia and Australasia and to the west of the Americas.

האוקיינוס השקט \ הָאוֹקְיָנוֹס הַשָּׁקַט


Ohio

From Seneca Ohi:yoʼ, a proper name derived from ohi:yo:h (“good river”). The name of the Allegheny river, which the Lenape and Iroquois considered to be part of the same single river as the Ohio, means the same thing in Unami.

A river in the United States, flowing 981 miles from the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela at Pittsburgh into the Mississippi at Cairo, Illinois.


Ohio

Borrowed from English Ohio, from Seneca ohiːyoʼ, a proper name derived from ohiːyoːh (“good river”).


Nile

Aman dawū

ⲁⲙⲁⲛ ⲇⲁⳣⲟ̅ⲩ̅, امان داوو

The seven mouths of the Nile then, from east to west, are the Pelusian, the Mendesian, the Bucolic, the Sebennytic, the Saïtic, the Bolbitine, and the Canopic. Such is the account of Heredotus.

1844, Pierre Henri Larcher, William Desborough Cooley, Larcher's notes on Herodotus

A river you think so little about, you don’t even realize that’s not the Nile, this is the Nile.

2016 March 6, “Special Districts”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 3, episode 4, via HBO

A large river in Africa flowing through Khartoum and Cairo into the Mediterranean Sea, usually considered to be the longest river in the world.

Nile Township, Scioto County, Ohio, a township in Ohio, United States, named after the river.

Bucolic

Phatnitic, Phatnic, Phatmetic, Athribitic


Alabama

From Alabama Albaamaha, the name of a people native to the area.

A river in Alabama; flowing 318 miles from the confluence of the Tallapoosa and Coosa near Coosada until its confluence with the Tombigbee, forming the Mobile, near Calvert.


Alabama

Borrowed from English Alabama, itself likely from Alabama Albaamaha.


Alabama

Alabama (nominative singular)
Alabamy (genitive singular)
Alabamie (dative singular)
Alabamę (accusative singular)
Alabamą (instrumental singular)
Alabamie (locative singular)
Alabamo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Alabama, from Alabama Albaamaha.


Alabama

[ɐ.lɐˈβɐ.mɐ]

[ɐ.lɐˈβɐ.mɐ]

southeastern region
southeastern region#English

Alabama (a river in the southeastern region, United States)


Arkansas

/ˈɑɹ.kənˌsɔ/

From the name of the Arkansas River, from French Arcansas, a (plural) designation of either a Siouan tribe or the Quapaw. This designation is sometimes claimed to derive from a Quapaw word *akakaze (“land of downriver people”) or a Lakota/Dakota word *akakaze (“people of the south wind”); more likely, it derives from a Siouan ethnonym cognate to Kansa (whence also the name of the state of Kansas).

A river in the United States, rising in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, and flowing generally southeast over 1,400 miles through Kansas, Oklahoma and Arkansas, where it joins the Mississippi in Desha County.

Arkansaw

the spelling used when the territory was organized in 1819


Arkansas

Borrowed from English Arkansas, from French Arcansas.


Tennessee

From Cherokee ᏔᎾᏏ (tanasi), believed to mean “winding river”.

A river in the United States, that flows from eastern Tennessee into the Ohio River.


Tennessee

Borrowed from English Tennessee, from Cherokee ᏔᎾᏏ (tanasi).

Tennessee (a river in the United States)


Tennessee

Tennessee (a river in the eastern United States)


Mississippi

Borrowed from Ojibwe misi-ziibi, ᒥᓯ᐀ᓰᐱ (misi-siipi, “great river”).

Mississippi mud is soaked in black blood / How many more must die?

1970, Black Blood & The Chocolate Pickles (lyrics and music), “Mississippi Mud”

That’s right. In fact, a law which passed in Mississippi is so restrictive, it could close the one remaining abortion clinic they have in the entire state, meaning a Mississippi woman, right now, could be saying to herself, “I need to go someplace more progressive like Alabama.”

2014 November 2, “State Legislatures and ALEC”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 1, episode 23, John Oliver (actor), via HBO

A major river in the United States that flows from north-central Minnesota into the Gulf of Mexico.


Mississippi

Although its current spelling may be derived from that of its much larger American cousin, it is most certainly a corruption of a different indigenous name, as the translation “great water” would not apply to a relatively minor tributary of the Ottawa, definitely the largest river in the area. Instead, the name may originate from Mazinaa[bikinigan]-ziibi, Algonquian for “[painted] image river”, referring to the pictographs found on Mazinaw Lake, though this is by no means proven.

A river in Canada that flows from eastern Ontario into the Ottawa River.


Mississippi

Mississippi (a river in the United States)


ora

ōra (canonical feminine)
ōrae (genitive)
ōra (nominative singular)
ōrae (nominative plural)
ōrae (genitive singular)
ōrārum (genitive plural)
ōrae (dative singular)
ōrīs (dative plural)
ōram (accusative singular)
ōrās (accusative plural)
ōrā (ablative singular)
ōrīs (ablative plural)
ōra (singular vocative)
ōrae (plural vocative)

⇒ Asturian: oriella, oliancu

Catalan: vora

⇒ French: orle

→ English: orle

⇒ Galician: orela

⇒ Italian: orlo

⇒ Portuguese: orla

⇒ Spanish: orilla

Venetian: óro

→ Old English: ōra (see there for further descendants)

Unknown; possibly related to Hittite 𒅕𒄩𒀸 (er-ḫa-aš /erḫaš/, “line, boundary”), Latvian ara, perhaps all from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erh₂- (“border, line”).


sierra

en-noun

sierra (countable and uncountable, plural sierras)

Borrowed from Spanish sierra, from Latin serra, "saw," referring to the saw-tooth profile of the crestline of the range seen from a distance.

Mancha selecto is the world's best saffron: deep-red stamens, as long as the first joint of your thumb, packed and date-stamped. Lesser types, like sierra saffron, have shorter stamens and a quantity of white and yellow flower parts.

2005, Karen Anand, International Cooking With Karen Anand, page 77

(uncountable) A relatively low-quality grade of Spanish saffron.


sierra

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

third-person singular present indicative


Rhein

de-proper noun

der Rhein m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Rheins or des Rheines)

der Rhein (canonical masculine)
des Rheins (definite genitive)
des Rheines (definite genitive)

→ Russian: Рейн (Rejn)

desc

→ Chinese: → 萊茵／莱茵 (Láiyīn) (transliteration)

From Middle High German Rīn, from Old High German Rīn, from Proto-West Germanic *Rīn (“the river Rhine”). The spelling with Rh- after Latin Rhenus, itself possibly a Hellenizing form.

inh

Meronyms: Alpenrhein, Hochrhein, Oberrhein, Mittelrhein, Niederrhein, Deltarhein

Rhine (a major river in Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, France and the Netherlands, emptying into the North Sea)


Rijn

From Middle Dutch rijn, from Old Dutch *Rīn, from Proto-West Germanic *Rīn, from Proto-Germanic *Rīnaz, from a Celtic language.

Wie op den Rijn per stoomboot reist, moet veel lodderige lonken kunnen afzien, […]

1874, Tony, Twee reisnovellen van den Rijn, W.C. de Graaff, 52

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

The Rhine, a major European river flowing through Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, France, Germany and the Netherlands. In the Netherlands the river (including its distributaries) flows through the provinces of Gelderland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Noord-Holland and Zuid-Holland.


Rhin

From Old High German Rīn, from Proto-West Germanic *Rīn.

Rhine (a major river in Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, France, Germany and the Netherlands)


Рейн

Rɛjn (romanization)
Ре́йна (genitive)
Ре́йн (nominative singular)
Ре́йна (genitive singular)
Ре́йну (dative singular)
Ре́йн (accusative singular)
Ре́йном (instrumental singular)
Ре́йне (prepositional singular)


illa

Inherited from Old Catalan illa, from Vulgar Latin *isula (compare Occitan illa~iscla, French île, Spanish isla), from Latin īnsula (compare Portuguese ínsua).

El Japó té quatre illes principals.


rivulet

From Old French riveret (“little stream”) or from Italian rivoletto, from Italian rivo, from Latin rivus.


shoal

en-adj

shoal (comparative shoaler, superlative shoalest)

shoaler (comparative)
shoalest (superlative)

From Middle English schold, scholde, from Old English sċeald (“shallow”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *skalidaz, past participle of *skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”), from *skalaz (“parched, shallow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”). Cognate with Low German Scholl (“shallow water”), German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”). Compare shallow.

der

shoal water

But that part of the coast being shoal and bare, / And rough with reefs which ran out many a mile, / His port lay on the other side o' the isle.

All told, we had scarce two miles to run; but the navigation was delicate, the entrance to this northern anchorage was not only narrow and shoal, but lay east and west, so that the schooner must be nicely handled to be got in.

1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island


bagno

pl-noun

bagno n (diminutive bagienko, augmentative bagnisko, related adjective bagienny)

bagienko (diminutive)
bagnisko (augmentative)
bagienny (adjective)
bagno (nominative singular)
bagna (nominative plural)
bagna (genitive singular)
bagien (genitive plural)
bagnu (dative singular)
bagnom (dative plural)
bagno (accusative singular)
bagna (accusative plural)
bagnem (instrumental singular)
bagnami (instrumental plural)
bagnie (locative singular)
bagnach (locative plural)
bagno (singular vocative)
bagna (plural vocative)


Mandel

en-proper-noun

Mandel (countable and uncountable, plural Mandels)

* Germanic surname (Dutch Mandel, German Mandel, Yiddish Mandel, all meaning "almond"). Also found in Slovenian as Mandelj.
* As a south German and Austrian surname, variant of Mandl, from Mann + -l.
* As a Dutch surname, from mandel (“sheaf of wheat”) (see Mandel below).
* As a Jewish surname, variant of Mendel.


Gordon

Derived from a Proto-Brythonic term meaning “spacious fort”.

A place name:
A locale in Australia.
A river in Tasmania, Australia.

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

A river in Western Australia, Australia; named for British statesman George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen.


vin

head

vin f (genitive singular vinjar, nominative plural vinjar)

vinjar (genitive singular)
vinjar (nominative plural)
vin (indefinite nominative singular)
vinin (definite nominative singular)
vinjar (indefinite nominative plural)
vinjarnar (definite nominative plural)
vin (accusative indefinite singular)
vinina (accusative definite singular)
vinjar (accusative indefinite plural)
vinjarnar (accusative definite plural)
vin (dative indefinite singular)
vininni (dative definite singular)
vinjum (dative indefinite plural)
vinjunum (dative definite plural)
vinjar (genitive indefinite singular)
vinjarinnar (definite genitive singular)
vinja (genitive indefinite plural)
vinjanna (definite genitive plural)


baltă

bălți (plural)
baltă (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
o baltă (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
balta (accusative definite nominative singular)
bălți (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
niște bălți (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
bălțile (accusative definite nominative plural)
bălți (dative genitive indefinite singular)
unei bălți (dative genitive indefinite singular)
bălții (dative definite genitive singular)
bălți (dative genitive indefinite plural)
unor bălți (dative genitive indefinite plural)
bălților (dative definite genitive plural)
baltă (singular vocative)
balto (singular vocative)
bălților (plural vocative)

It is generally agreed to be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelH- (“to gleam”), but there is disagreement whether the word is one of the earliest Romanian loans from Proto-Slavic *bolto (“swamp”), or whether it is a substratum word. Compare Albanian baltë (“mud”), Aromanian baltã, Italian palta (“swamp”) and Greek βάλτος (váltos, “swamp”).

der

puddle, pond, pool (especially muddy); also swamp


Sejm

Sejm (nominative singular)
Sejmu (genitive singular)
Sejmowi (dative singular)
Sejm (accusative singular)
Sejmem (instrumental singular)
Sejmie (locative singular)
Sejmie (singular vocative)


grumaz

grumazuri (plural)
grumaz (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
un grumaz (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
grumazul (accusative definite nominative singular)
grumazuri (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
niște grumazuri (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
grumazurii (accusative definite nominative plural)
grumaz (dative genitive indefinite singular)
unui grumaz (dative genitive indefinite singular)
grumazului (dative definite genitive singular)
grumazuri (dative genitive indefinite plural)
unor grumazuri (dative genitive indefinite plural)
grumazurilor (dative definite genitive plural)
grumazule (singular vocative)
grumazurilor (plural vocative)

Possibly a substrate word, akin to Albanian gurmaz, or derived from the Albanian or from Vulgar Latin gruma (a variant of Latin grumus attested as meaning a nipple or teat but possibly also a small hill) + the Romanian suffix -ză. Compare also Italian gruma and Aromanian gurmadz.


măgură

măguri (plural)
măgură (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
o măgură (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
măgura (accusative definite nominative singular)
măguri (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
niște măguri (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
măgurile (accusative definite nominative plural)
măguri (dative genitive indefinite singular)
unei măguri (dative genitive indefinite singular)
măgurii (dative definite genitive singular)
măguri (dative genitive indefinite plural)
unor măguri (dative genitive indefinite plural)
măgurilor (dative definite genitive plural)
măgură (singular vocative)
măguro (singular vocative)
măgurilor (plural vocative)

Origin unknown. Possibly from dialectal măgulă (compare Aromanian mãgulã), from Albanian magulë (“heap”), metathetic form of gamulë, or an expressive creation based on *măc- or *moc-. Other less likely theories included Latin macula or *maculum, or a Proto-Slavic *mogyla. Compare also Greek μαγούλα (magoúla, “hill”) and Latin magulum (“cheek”).
This word has also been associated with the pan-Mediterranean substrate which is allegedly reflected in Basque mokor (“lump of earth”) and Sardinian mogoro (“hill”).

unk

unknown


stâncă

stânci (plural)
stâncă (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
o stâncă (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
stânca (accusative definite nominative singular)
stânci (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
niște stânci (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
stâncile (accusative definite nominative plural)
stânci (dative genitive indefinite singular)
unei stânci (dative genitive indefinite singular)
stâncii (dative definite genitive singular)
stânci (dative genitive indefinite plural)
unor stânci (dative genitive indefinite plural)
stâncilor (dative definite genitive plural)
stâncă (singular vocative)
stânco (singular vocative)
stâncilor (plural vocative)

Unknown. Possibly a substratum word, or an early borrowing from Slavic *stěnъka (compare Czech stěnka), diminutive of *stěna (“wall”). Doublet of stană (“rock”).


pârâu

pâraie (plural)
pârâuri (plural)
pârâu (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
un pârâu (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
pârâul (accusative definite nominative singular)
pâraie (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
niște pâraie (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
pâraiele (accusative definite nominative plural)
pârâu (dative genitive indefinite singular)
unui pârâu (dative genitive indefinite singular)
pârâului (dative definite genitive singular)
pâraie (dative genitive indefinite plural)
unor pâraie (dative genitive indefinite plural)
pâraielor (dative definite genitive plural)
pârâule (singular vocative)
pâraielor (plural vocative)

Unknown. Influenced by râu (“river”), compare Megleno-Romanian păroi. Possibly from a Slavic language (compare Bulgarian порой (poroj)). Alternative theories suggest Albanian përrua, Thracian *parau(t) and Greek *παρροή (*parroḯ), from παραρροή (pararroḯ).


isthmus

Borrowing from Latin isthmus (“a strip of land between two seas”), from Ancient Greek ῐ̓σθμός (isthmós, “neck, narrow passage”), possibly from εἶμῐ (eîmi, “to go”). Cognate to Old Norse eið (“isthmus”).

bor

(geography) A narrow strip of land, bordered on both sides by water, and connecting two larger landmasses.


isthmus

la-noun

isthmus m (genitive isthmī); second declension

isthmī (genitive)
isthmus (nominative singular)
isthmī (nominative plural)
isthmī (genitive singular)
isthmōrum (genitive plural)
isthmō (dative singular)
isthmīs (dative plural)
isthmum (accusative singular)
isthmōs (accusative plural)
isthmō (ablative singular)
isthmīs (ablative plural)
isthme (singular vocative)
isthmī (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: ismu

→ Catalan: istme

→ Dutch: istmus

→ English: isthmus

→ Esperanto: istmo

Ido: istmo

→ French: isthme

→ Romanian: istm

→ Galician: istmo

→ German: Isthmus

→ Italian: istmo

→ Portuguese: istmo

→ Spanish: istmo

→ Basque: istmo

[ˈɪs̠t̪ʰmʊs̠]

Borrowing from Ancient Greek ῐ̓σθμός (isthmós, “neck, narrow passage”), possibly from εἶμῐ (eîmi, “to go”).

a strip of land between two seas; an isthmus


caldera

/kælˈdɛə.ɹə/

Borrowed from Spanish caldera (“cauldron”), from Late Latin caldāria (“warm bath”), from Latin caldārium. Doublet of chowder.

bor+

The lakes of both Rotorua and Taupo occupy calderas left from enormous prehistoric eruptions, and magma lies at shallow depths beneath a number of centres.

2000, Tony Waltham, “Geyser watching”, in Geology Today, volume 16, Iss. 3, p. 99:

(volcanology) A large crater formed by collapse of the cone or edifice of a volcano.

caldera

geology: a large crater formed by a volcanic explosion


caldera

Inherited from Late Latin caldāria (“cooking-pot”), derived from Latin caldus (“hot”).

inh+

(Balearic) a type of fish or seafood soup


caldera

Borrowed from Spanish caldera. Doublet of caldaia.


caldera

→ English: caldera

→ Italian: caldera

From Late Latin caldāria~caldārium (“cooking-pot”), derived from Latin caldus (“hot”). Doublet of caldero.


drumlin

From Irish droim (“back, ridge”) + English diminutive suffix -lin (“variant of -ling”).

(geography) An elongated hill or ridge of glacial drift.


さん

Generally held to be a combination of an adjective nominalizer suffix cognate to Japanese さ (-sa) and the verb 有ん (an, “to be, exist, have”).

白(しる)さん

Terminal-form ending for inflected adjectives.


garth

garthau (plural)
geirth (plural)
garth (mutation mutation-radical)
arth (mutation mutation-soft)
ngarth (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Celtic *gortos (compare Irish gort), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórts < *gʰórdʰs < *ǵʰortós (“enclosure, yard”) (compare Latin hortus, Old English geard).