çay

az-noun

çay (definite accusative çayı, plural çaylar)

çayı (accusative definite)
çaylar (plural)
çayım (first-person nominative possessive singular)
çaylarım (first-person nominative possessive singular)
çayın (nominative possessive second-person singular)
çayların (nominative possessive second-person singular)
çayı (nominative possessive singular third-person)
çayları (nominative possessive singular third-person)
çayımız (first-person nominative plural possessive)
çaylarımız (first-person nominative plural possessive)
çayınız (nominative plural possessive second-person)
çaylarınız (nominative plural possessive second-person)
çayı (nominative plural possessive third-person)
çayları (nominative plural possessive third-person)
çayımı (accusative first-person possessive singular)
çaylarımı (accusative first-person possessive singular)
çayını (accusative possessive second-person singular)
çaylarını (accusative possessive second-person singular)
çayını (accusative possessive singular third-person)
çaylarını (accusative possessive singular third-person)
çayımızı (accusative first-person plural possessive)
çaylarımızı (accusative first-person plural possessive)
çayınızı (accusative plural possessive second-person)
çaylarınızı (accusative plural possessive second-person)
çayını (accusative plural possessive third-person)
çaylarını (accusative plural possessive third-person)
çayıma (dative first-person possessive singular)
çaylarıma (dative first-person possessive singular)
çayına (dative possessive second-person singular)
çaylarına (dative possessive second-person singular)
çayına (dative possessive singular third-person)
çaylarına (dative possessive singular third-person)
çayımıza (dative first-person plural possessive)
çaylarımıza (dative first-person plural possessive)
çayınıza (dative plural possessive second-person)
çaylarınıza (dative plural possessive second-person)
çayına (dative plural possessive third-person)
çaylarına (dative plural possessive third-person)
çayımda (first-person locative possessive singular)
çaylarımda (first-person locative possessive singular)
çayında (locative possessive second-person singular)
çaylarında (locative possessive second-person singular)
çayında (locative possessive singular third-person)
çaylarında (locative possessive singular third-person)
çayımızda (first-person locative plural possessive)
çaylarımızda (first-person locative plural possessive)
çayınızda (locative plural possessive second-person)
çaylarınızda (locative plural possessive second-person)
çayında (locative plural possessive third-person)
çaylarında (locative plural possessive third-person)
çayımdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
çaylarımdan (ablative first-person possessive singular)
çayından (ablative possessive second-person singular)
çaylarından (ablative possessive second-person singular)
çayından (ablative possessive singular third-person)
çaylarından (ablative possessive singular third-person)
çayımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
çaylarımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessive)
çayınızdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
çaylarınızdan (ablative plural possessive second-person)
çayından (ablative plural possessive third-person)
çaylarından (ablative plural possessive third-person)
çayımın (first-person genitive possessive singular)
çaylarımın (first-person genitive possessive singular)
çayının (genitive possessive second-person singular)
çaylarının (genitive possessive second-person singular)
çayının (genitive possessive singular third-person)
çaylarının (genitive possessive singular third-person)
çayımızın (first-person genitive plural possessive)
çaylarımızın (first-person genitive plural possessive)
çayınızın (genitive plural possessive second-person)
çaylarınızın (genitive plural possessive second-person)
çayının (genitive plural possessive third-person)
çaylarının (genitive plural possessive third-person)

çay üzərindən körpü

çayı/çaydan keçmək

Çay düzənlikdən axır və dənizə tökülür.

The river flows through the plain and into the sea.


çay

çayı (accusative definite)
çaylar (plural)

From Ottoman Turkish چای (çay), from Persian چای (čây), from Sinitic 茶 (chá).

tea (the drink made by infusing these dried leaves or buds in hot water)


bandar

Semantic loan from Javanese ꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦂ (bandar).

sl

croupier, banker: the person who collects bets and pays out winnings at a gambling table.


bandar

ms-noun

bandar (Jawi spelling باندر, plural bandar-bandar, informal 1st possessive bandarku, 2nd possessive bandarmu, 3rd possessive bandarnya)

باندر (Jawi)
bandar-bandar (plural)
bandarku (first-person informal possessive)
bandarmu (possessive second-person)
bandarnya (possessive third-person)

Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian

Indonesian: bandar

→ Iranun: bandar

desctree

→ Javanese: ꦧꦤ꧀ꦢꦂ (bandar)
→ Indonesian: bandar (semantic loan)

→ Maranao: bandar

From Persian بندر (bandar, “port, harbour”).


Saale

de-proper noun

die Saale f (proper noun, usually definite, definite genitive der Saale)

die Saale (canonical feminine)
der Saale (definite genitive)

From a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *sélos (“salt marsh”).


Black Sea

Calque of Ottoman Turkish قره دكز (Kara Deñiz, “Black Sea”) (modern Turkish Karadeniz) (from kara (“black, dark; north”) + deniz (“sea”)). Compare Russian Чёрное море (Čórnoje more). The Turkish word is derived from the languages of the Near East, which is ultimately from an Old Iranian name: the primary Ancient Greek name Πόντος Ἄξεινος (Póntos Áxeinos) (first attested in 462 BC) is a rendering of Old Iranian *axšaina- (“dark-colored”). The naming is according to the system in which color names indicated the cardinal points (black [or dark] for north, red for south, white for west, and green or light blue for east); compare Red Sea. It is supposedly named as such by the Achaemenids; see Iranica for details.

calque

An inland sea bound by Southeastern Europe in the west, Eastern Europe in the north and northeast, and Turkey in the south.

Амшын Еиқәа

an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Asia Minor

Sortehavet

definite form. The indefinite form is not used.


समुद्र

hi-noun

समुद्र • (samudra) m (Urdu spelling سمدر)

samudra (romanization)
سمدر (Urdu)
समुद्र (direct singular)
समुद्र (direct plural)
समुद्र (oblique singular)
समुद्रों (oblique plural)
समुद्र (singular vocative)
समुद्रो (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit समुद्र (samudra). Doublet of समंदर (samandar).


समुद्र

samudra (romanization)
समुद्र
समुद्रे
समुद्रं
समुद्रा
समुद्रां-
समुद्राला
समुद्रांना
समुद्राने (ergative)
समुद्रानं (ergative)
समुद्रांनी (ergative)
समुद्राशी (instrumental)
समुद्रांशी (instrumental)
Locative Note: -त  is a postposition.
समुद्राचा
समुद्राचे
समुद्राची
समुद्राच्या
समुद्राचं
समुद्रांचा
समुद्रांचे
समुद्रांची
समुद्रांच्या
समुद्रांचं
समुद्रांच्या

mr-decl-noun

neut cons-stem

mr-decl-noun/link

समुद्रांच्या

समुद्रांच्या

Borrowed from Sanskrit समुद्र (samudra), through Old Marathi 𑘭𑘦𑘳𑘟𑘿𑘨 (samudra, “sea”).

अरबी समुद्र


समुद्र

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit समुद्र (samudra).


समुद्र

samudrá (romanization)
समुद्रः (nominative singular)
समुद्रौ (dual nominative)
समुद्रा1 (dual nominative)
समुद्राः (nominative plural)
समुद्रासः1 (nominative plural)
समुद्र (singular vocative)
समुद्रौ (dual vocative)
समुद्रा1 (dual vocative)
समुद्राः (plural vocative)
समुद्रासः1 (plural vocative)
समुद्रम् (accusative singular)
समुद्रौ (accusative dual)
समुद्रा1 (accusative dual)
समुद्रान् (accusative plural)
समुद्रेण (instrumental singular)
समुद्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
समुद्रैः (instrumental plural)
समुद्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
समुद्राय (dative singular)
समुद्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
समुद्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
समुद्रात् (ablative singular)
समुद्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
समुद्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
समुद्रस्य (genitive singular)
समुद्रयोः (dual genitive)
समुद्राणाम् (genitive plural)
समुद्रे (locative singular)
समुद्रयोः (dual locative)
समुद्रेषु (locative plural)
समुद्रम् (nominative singular)
समुद्रे (dual nominative)
समुद्राणि (nominative plural)
समुद्रा1 (nominative plural)
समुद्र (singular vocative)
समुद्रे (dual vocative)
समुद्राणि (plural vocative)
समुद्रा1 (plural vocative)
समुद्रम् (accusative singular)
समुद्रे (accusative dual)
समुद्राणि (accusative plural)
समुद्रा1 (accusative plural)
समुद्रेण (instrumental singular)
समुद्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
समुद्रैः (instrumental plural)
समुद्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
समुद्राय (dative singular)
समुद्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
समुद्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
समुद्रात् (ablative singular)
समुद्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
समुद्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
समुद्रस्य (genitive singular)
समुद्रयोः (dual genitive)
समुद्राणाम् (genitive plural)
समुद्रे (locative singular)
समुद्रयोः (dual locative)
समुद्रेषु (locative plural)

Helu Prakrit:

desc

Sinhalese: මුහුද (muhuda), සමුද්ර (samudra, “maritime”)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Sindhi: سَمُنڊُ (samunḍu)

Pali: samudda

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀤 (samudda)

From सम्- (sam-, “together”) + Proto-Indo-European *ud-ró-s (“water”). By surface analysis, सम्- (sam-, “together, wholly”) + उद्र (udra, “water”). Related to उदन् (udan) and उदक (udaka).

surf

इन्द्रा॑सोमा॒वहि॑म॒पः प॑रि॒ष्ठां ह॒थो वृ॒त्रमनु॑ वां॒ द्यौर॑मन्यत।
प्रार्णां॑स्यैरयतं न॒दीना॒मा स॑मु॒द्राणि॑ पप्रथुः पु॒रूणि॑॥
índrāsomāváhimapáḥ pariṣṭhā́ṃ hathó vṛtrámánu vāṃ dyaúramanyata.
prā́rṇāṃsyairayataṃ nadī́nāmā́ samudrā́ṇi paprathuḥ purū́ṇi.

Indra and Soma, you slew Vṛtra; the obstructer of the water; for which the heaven venerates you both; you have urged on the waters of the rivers until they have replenished numerous oceans.

any large body of water, confluence of two rivers; especially the sea, ocean


tributary

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-tributary.wav

PIE word
 *tréyes
From Middle English tributarie (“paying tribute”), from Latin tribūtārius, from tribūtum (“tribute”).

inh

(hydrology) A natural water stream that flows into a larger river or other body of water.


å

The twenty-ninth letter of the Norwegian Bokmål alphabet, written in the Latin script.


å

From Old Norse at (“by, to”), whence also at and ad.

Å løpe


å

From Old Norse ó, was used in the same sense.

Å, er det deg?

Å gud, for et dårlig vær det er.

Å, skitt, du har problemer!


å

åa (definite singular)
åen (definite singular)
åer (indefinite plural)
åene (definite plural)

From Old Norse á, related to Latin aqua (“water”).

Mange bekker små gjør en stor å

every little helps (literally: "Many small creeks make a big stream")

A small river; a creek; a big stream (used mostly in dialects, obsolete in writing)


å

(physics) symbol used to represent an angstrom unit


å

head

å (upper case Å, definite singular å-en, indefinite plural å-ar, definite plural å-ane)

Å (uppercase)
å-en (definite singular)
å-ar (indefinite plural)
å-ane (definite plural)
aa (alternative)

The twenty-ninth letter of the Norwegian Nynorsk alphabet, written in the Latin script.


å

From Old Norse at (“by, to”), whence also at and åt.

Dei er vanskelege å sjå.


å

Named after Swedish physisist Anders Jonas Ångström (1814–1874). An initialism of his name.

named-after

Å (alternative)
ångstrøm (alternative)
aa (alternative)


å

From two a’s written on top of each other; compare ä and ö.

The third to last letter of the Swedish alphabet, called å and written in the Latin script.


만

그런 식으로 놀려 댔으니 화를 낼 만도 하지.

Since you have made fun of [him] like that, it is only natural that [he] gets angry.

Geureon sig-euro nollyeo daess-euni hwa-reul nael man-do haji.

(after ㄹ (-l, irrealis adnominal suffix)) indicates that an action is expected, reasonable, or justified

맛은 절대 없었는데 그래도 먹을 만은 했다.

It wasn't delicious by any means, but it was nonetheless edible.

Mas-eun jeoldae eopseon-neunde geuraedo meogeul man-eun haetda.

(after ㄹ (-l, irrealis adnominal suffix)) indicates that an action is possible or accepted


만

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

More information(MC reading: 晚 (MC mjonX))(MC reading: 滿 (MC manX))(MC reading: 慢 (MC maenH))(MC reading: 漫 (MC manH))(MC reading: 曼 (MC man|mjonH))(MC reading: 蔓 (MC man|mjonH))(MC reading: 鏋 (MC manX))(MC reading: 卍)(MC reading: 娩 (MC mjonX|mjenX|mjunH|mjonH|phjonH))(MC reading: 巒 (MC lwan))(MC reading: 彎 (MC 'waen))(MC reading: 挽 (MC mjonX))(MC reading: 瞞 (MC man))(MC reading: 輓 (MC mjonX|mjonH))(MC reading: 饅 (MC man))(MC reading: 鰻 (MC man|mjonH))(MC reading: 蠻 (MC maen))(MC reading: 墁 (MC man|manH))(MC reading: 嫚 (MC maenH))(MC reading: 幔 (MC manH))(MC reading: 縵 (MC manH|maenH))(MC reading: 謾 (MC man|maen|mjien|manH|maenH))(MC reading: 蹣 (MC ban|man))(MC reading: 鏝 (MC man|manH))(MC reading: 鬘 (MC maen))(MC reading: 万 (MC mjonH|mok))

More information
万: Alternative form of 萬


Mediterranean Sea

Calque of Late Latin Mare Mediterraneum.


puro

puro (nominative singular)
purot (nominative plural)
puro (accusative nominative singular)
purot (accusative nominative plural)
puron (accusative genitive singular)
purot (accusative genitive plural)
puron (genitive singular)
purojen (genitive plural)
puroa (partitive singular)
puroja (partitive plural)
purossa (inessive singular)
puroissa (inessive plural)
purosta (elative singular)
puroista (elative plural)
puroon (illative singular)
puroihin (illative plural)
purolla (adessive singular)
puroilla (adessive plural)
purolta (ablative singular)
puroilta (ablative plural)
purolle (allative singular)
puroille (allative plural)
purona (essive singular)
puroina (essive plural)
puroksi (singular translative)
puroiksi (plural translative)
purotta (abessive singular)
puroitta (abessive plural)
puroin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
puroni (nominative singular)
puroni (nominative plural)
puroni (accusative nominative singular)
puroni (accusative nominative plural)
puroni (accusative genitive singular)
puroni (accusative genitive plural)
puroni (genitive singular)
purojeni (genitive plural)
puroani (partitive singular)
purojani (partitive plural)
purossani (inessive singular)
puroissani (inessive plural)
purostani (elative singular)
puroistani (elative plural)
purooni (illative singular)
puroihini (illative plural)
purollani (adessive singular)
puroillani (adessive plural)
puroltani (ablative singular)
puroiltani (ablative plural)
purolleni (allative singular)
puroilleni (allative plural)
puronani (essive singular)
puroinani (essive plural)
purokseni (singular translative)
puroikseni (plural translative)
purottani (abessive singular)
puroittani (abessive plural)
puroineni (comitative plural)
purosi (nominative singular)
purosi (nominative plural)
purosi (accusative nominative singular)
purosi (accusative nominative plural)
purosi (accusative genitive singular)
purosi (accusative genitive plural)
purosi (genitive singular)
purojesi (genitive plural)
puroasi (partitive singular)
purojasi (partitive plural)
purossasi (inessive singular)
puroissasi (inessive plural)
purostasi (elative singular)
puroistasi (elative plural)
puroosi (illative singular)
puroihisi (illative plural)
purollasi (adessive singular)
puroillasi (adessive plural)
puroltasi (ablative singular)
puroiltasi (ablative plural)
purollesi (allative singular)
puroillesi (allative plural)
puronasi (essive singular)
puroinasi (essive plural)
puroksesi (singular translative)
puroiksesi (plural translative)
purottasi (abessive singular)
puroittasi (abessive plural)
puroinesi (comitative plural)
puromme (nominative singular)
puromme (nominative plural)
puromme (accusative nominative singular)
puromme (accusative nominative plural)
puromme (accusative genitive singular)
puromme (accusative genitive plural)
puromme (genitive singular)
purojemme (genitive plural)
puroamme (partitive singular)
purojamme (partitive plural)
purossamme (inessive singular)
puroissamme (inessive plural)
purostamme (elative singular)
puroistamme (elative plural)
puroomme (illative singular)
puroihimme (illative plural)
purollamme (adessive singular)
puroillamme (adessive plural)
puroltamme (ablative singular)
puroiltamme (ablative plural)
purollemme (allative singular)
puroillemme (allative plural)
puronamme (essive singular)
puroinamme (essive plural)
puroksemme (singular translative)
puroiksemme (plural translative)
purottamme (abessive singular)
puroittamme (abessive plural)
puroinemme (comitative plural)
puronne (nominative singular)
puronne (nominative plural)
puronne (accusative nominative singular)
puronne (accusative nominative plural)
puronne (accusative genitive singular)
puronne (accusative genitive plural)
puronne (genitive singular)
purojenne (genitive plural)
puroanne (partitive singular)
purojanne (partitive plural)
purossanne (inessive singular)
puroissanne (inessive plural)
purostanne (elative singular)
puroistanne (elative plural)
puroonne (illative singular)
puroihinne (illative plural)
purollanne (adessive singular)
puroillanne (adessive plural)
puroltanne (ablative singular)
puroiltanne (ablative plural)
purollenne (allative singular)
puroillenne (allative plural)
puronanne (essive singular)
puroinanne (essive plural)
puroksenne (singular translative)
puroiksenne (plural translative)
purottanne (abessive singular)
puroittanne (abessive plural)
puroinenne (comitative plural)
puronsa (nominative singular)
puronsa (nominative plural)
puronsa (accusative nominative singular)
puronsa (accusative nominative plural)
puronsa (accusative genitive singular)
puronsa (accusative genitive plural)
puronsa (genitive singular)
purojensa (genitive plural)
puroaan (partitive singular)
puroansa (partitive singular)
purojaan (partitive plural)
purojansa (partitive plural)
purossaan (inessive singular)
purossansa (inessive singular)
puroissaan (inessive plural)
puroissansa (inessive plural)
purostaan (elative singular)
purostansa (elative singular)
puroistaan (elative plural)
puroistansa (elative plural)
puroonsa (illative singular)
puroihinsa (illative plural)
purollaan (adessive singular)
purollansa (adessive singular)
puroillaan (adessive plural)
puroillansa (adessive plural)
puroltaan (ablative singular)
puroltansa (ablative singular)
puroiltaan (ablative plural)
puroiltansa (ablative plural)
purolleen (allative singular)
purollensa (allative singular)
puroilleen (allative plural)
puroillensa (allative plural)
puronaan (essive singular)
puronansa (essive singular)
puroinaan (essive plural)
puroinansa (essive plural)
purokseen (singular translative)
puroksensa (singular translative)
puroikseen (plural translative)
puroiksensa (plural translative)
purottaan (abessive singular)
purottansa (abessive singular)
puroittaan (abessive plural)
puroittansa (abessive plural)
puroineen (comitative plural)
puroinensa (comitative plural)

Probably purista + -o in reference to the sound made by running water in a creek. Related to Karelian puro.

stream, streamlet, brook, creek (body of running water smaller than a river)


marsh

From Middle English merssh, from Old English mersċ, merisċ, from Proto-West Germanic *marisk, derived from *mari, equivalent to mere (“sea, body of water”) + -ish. Doublet of marish, morass, and merse. Cognate with West Frisian mersk, Dutch meers (“grassland, meadow”) and Dutch moeras, German Marsch. More at mere.

Many animals live in the marsh.

Čepkeliai Marsh consists mainly of bog.

An area of low, wet land, often with tall grass or herbaceous plants. (Compare swamp, bog, fen.)


bayou

bayous (plural)
buyou (alternative)
byo (alternative)

From Cajun French bayou, from Choctaw bayuk (“creek”). Doublet of bogue.

You natural persons old and young! / You on the Mississippi and on all the branches and bayous of the Mississippi! / You friendly boatmen and mechanics! you roughs!

1892, Walt Whitman, “A Leaf for Hand in Hand”, in Leaves of Grass […], Philadelphia, Pa.: David McKay, publisher, […], →OCLC, page 109:

A slow-moving, often stagnant creek or river.


beck

From Middle English bekken, a shortened form of Middle English bekenen, from Old English bēcnan, bēacnian (“to signify; beckon”), from Proto-West Germanic *baukn, from Proto-Germanic *baukną (“beacon”). More at beacon.

Ah, knovv you not the Citie fauours them, / And they haue troupes of Souldiers at their beck?

c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 147, column 2:

Then forthwith to him takes a choſen band / Of Spirits likeſt to himſelf in guile / To be at hand, and at his beck appear,

1671, John Milton, “The First Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 2:

The dog obeyed the significant beck of his finger, and they drew off, stealthily, together.

1838, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC:

A significant nod, or motion of the head or hand, especially as a call or command.


cove

From Middle English cove, from Old English cofa (“chamber; den”), from Proto-West Germanic *kobō, from Proto-Germanic *kubô. Cognate with German Koben, Swedish kova. This word has probably survived as long as it has due to its coincidental phonetic resemblance to the unrelated word English cave. Also unrelated to Spanish cueva, which itself is a cognate of cave.

secret coves and noukes

1659, T[itus] Livius [i.e., Livy], “(please specify the book number)”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Romane Historie […], London: […] W. Hunt, for George Sawbridge, […], →OCLC:

There are several excellent snorkelling spots in the shallow coves around Chimei, and one-day tours (NT$1100 to NT$1300, including transport and food) can be arranged beforehand by your hotel or home-stay.

2014, Robert Kelly, Chung Wah Chow, “Taiwan's Islands”, in Taiwan, 9th edition, Lonely Planet, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 307, column 2:

A small coastal inlet, especially one having high cliffs protecting vessels from prevailing winds; bight.


fjord

→ Japanese: フィヨルド (fiyorudo)

Unadapted borrowing from Norwegian fjord, from Old Norse fjǫrðr, from Proto-Germanic *ferþu, *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”), from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”), from *per- (“to carry forth”) + *-tus (suffix forming action nouns from verb roots). Doublet of firth, ford, port, and fjard.

ubor

About 20 English miles beyond this river, which is the largest in Norway, the road crosses the fjord which forms the boundary of the two kingdoms [Norway and Sweden]; and whose waters but too often in former days were dyed with the life-blood of many a bold mountaineer who crossed the "border stream" never to return.

1839, T. D. W[hatley], “Section II. Norway.”, in A Hand-book for Travellers in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Russia, being a Guide to the Principal Routes in Those Countries, […], London: John Murray, […]; Leipzig: Black and Armstrong, →OCLC, page 73:

At last one gave a deep groan, and another declared that the spirits of the fiord were against them, and there was no doubt that their boat was now lying twenty fathoms deep, at the bottom of the creek; drawn down by the strong hand of an angry water-spirit. [...] Another said he would not go till he had looked abroad over the fiord, for some chance of seeing the boat.

1841, Harriet Martineau, “The Water Sprites’ Doings.”, in Feats on the Fiord. A Tale (The Playfellow; a Series of Tales to be Published Quarterly; 3), London: Charles Knight & Co., […], →OCLC, pages 123–124:

Like most of the larger inlets, and some of the inland lakes, the Sogne fjord is much deeper than the sea beyond, the depth in places being upwards of 4,000 feet, [...] Before the "glacial epoch," thousands of streams commenced the work of erosion and produced valleys and gorges. During the glacial epoch these channels were enlarged, and lake basins were hollowed out. The descending glaciers ground out fjords to their full length when the glacial epoch was at its height, but as it declined they ground out the inner parts to a still greater depth, producing the present character of the marine fjords, and giving rise to lake hollows in other places.

1894 August, Spitzbergen and Norway in August 1894: Itinerary of the Pleasure Cruise of the “S.S. Lusitania.” From 1st August to 2nd September (33 Days), London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Limited […], →OCLC, page 46:

Disenchantment Bay, as the Yakutat Bay inlet is called north of Point Latouche, is bordered on the east by the steep hills of the peninsula and on the west by the main mountain front. Its coast is precipitous and through nearly its entire length it is a true mountain-walled fiord. The two mountain walls approach each other at Point Latouche almost at right angles, and Disenchantment Bay enters between them with a nearly north-south axis.

1909, Ralph S[tockman] Tarr, “General Physiography”, in The Yakutat Bay Region, Alaska (United States Geographical Survey, Department of the Interior, Professional Paper; 64), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, part I (Physiography and Glacial Geology), page 15:

In the center of Mount Desert Island is deep Somes Sound, almost bisecting the island and forming the only natural fjord on the entire Atlantic Coast of North America.

1951, Richard A. Hebert, “Hancock County”, in Modern Maine: Its Historic Background, People and Resources, volume II, New York, N.Y.: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, part III (A County by County Descriptive Outline of City, Town and Country in Maine), page 281:

The warm Alaska Current raises the water temperature off the coast of the monument to approximately 55°F. in the summer, while winter temperatures range from 37.5° to 40°F. Temperatures in individual fjords vary due to tidewater glaciers and fresh water flowing into the fjords [...].

1973 December, “Description of the Environment”, in Proposed Harding Icefield–Kenai Fjords National Monument, Alaska: Draft Environmental Impact Statement DES 73-86, [Washington, D.C.: Alaska Planning Group, National Park Service, Department of the Interior], →OCLC, section II.A.1 (Physical Environment), page 51:

Why should the flow of water within a fjord be of interest to the geologist? After all, fjordic geomorphology has changed little over the last few thousand years. One reason is that attention has recently focused on fjords as archives of Holocene climate change.

2010, M. E. Inall, P. A. Gillibrand, “The Physics of Mid-latitude Fjords: A Review”, in J. A. Howe, W. E. N. Austin, M. Forwick, M. Paetzel, editors, Fjord Systems and Archives (Geographical Society Special Publication; no. 344), London: The Geological Society, →ISBN, page 17:

Fiords are glacially carved oceanic intrusions into land. They are often deep and narrow with a sill in the mouth. Waters from neighboring seas and locally supplied fresh water fill up the fiords, often leading to strong stratification. Fiords with tidewater glaciers also contain glacial ice. During transport into and stay in the fiord, mixing processes modify the properties of imported water masses.

2019, J. N. Moum, W. D. Smyth, “Upper Ocean Mixing”, in J. Kirk Cochran, Henry J. Bokuniewicz, Patricia L. Yager, editors, Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, volume I (Marine Biogeochemistry), London, San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 75:

A long, narrow, deep inlet between cliffs.


fjord

fjord (nominative singular)
fjordy (nominative plural)
fjordu (genitive singular)
fjordů (genitive plural)
fjordu (dative singular)
fjordům (dative plural)
fjord (accusative singular)
fjordy (accusative plural)
fjorde (singular vocative)
fjordy (plural vocative)
fjordu (locative singular)
fjordech (locative plural)
fjordem (instrumental singular)
fjordy (instrumental plural)


fjord

head

fjord c (singular definite fjorden, plural indefinite fjorde)

fjorden (definite singular)
fjorde (indefinite plural)
fjord (indefinite nominative singular)
fjorden (definite nominative singular)
fjorde (indefinite nominative plural)
fjordene (definite nominative plural)
fjords (genitive indefinite singular)
fjordens (definite genitive singular)
fjordes (genitive indefinite plural)
fjordenes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Danish fiorth, from Old Norse fjǫrðr (“firth, fjord”), from Proto-Germanic *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”), from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”).


fjord

nl-noun

fjord m (plural fjorden, diminutive fjordje n)

fjorden (plural)
fjordje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowing from Norwegian fjord, from Old Norse fjǫrðr.


fjord

→ Romanian: fiord

→ Turkish: fiyort

→ Vietnamese: phi-oóc

Borrowed from Norwegian fjord, from Old Norse fjǫrðr. Doublet of port.


fjord

fjordok (plural)
fjord (nominative singular)
fjordok (nominative plural)
fjordot (accusative singular)
fjordokat (accusative plural)
fjordnak (dative singular)
fjordoknak (dative plural)
fjorddal (instrumental singular)
fjordokkal (instrumental plural)
fjordért (causal-final singular)
fjordokért (causal-final plural)
fjorddá (singular translative)
fjordokká (plural translative)
fjordig (singular terminative)
fjordokig (plural terminative)
fjordként (essive-formal singular)
fjordokként (essive-formal plural)
fjordban (inessive singular)
fjordokban (inessive plural)
fjordon (singular superessive)
fjordokon (plural superessive)
fjordnál (adessive singular)
fjordoknál (adessive plural)
fjordba (illative singular)
fjordokba (illative plural)
fjordra (singular sublative)
fjordokra (plural sublative)
fjordhoz (allative singular)
fjordokhoz (allative plural)
fjordból (elative singular)
fjordokból (elative plural)
fjordról (delative singular)
fjordokról (delative plural)
fjordtól (ablative singular)
fjordoktól (ablative plural)
fjordé (singular)
fjordoké (plural)
fjordéi (singular)
fjordokéi (plural)
fjordom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
fjordjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
fjordod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
fjordjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
fjordja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
fjordjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
fjordunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
fjordjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
fjordotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
fjordjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
fjordjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
fjordjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

fjord (a long, narrow, deep inlet between cliffs)


fjord

fjorden (definite singular)
fjorder (indefinite plural)
fjordene (definite plural)

→ Catalan: fiord

→ Dutch: fjord

desctree

→ English: fjord, fiord (now chiefly New Zealand)
→ Japanese: フィヨルド (fiyorudo)

→ French: fjord, fiord
→ Romanian: fiord
→ Turkish: fiyort
→ Vietnamese: phi-oóc

→ Georgian: ფიორდი (piordi)

→ German: Fjord
→ Estonian: fjord

→ Hungarian: fjord

→ Italian: fiordo

→ Polish: fiord

→ Portuguese: fiorde

→ Russian: фьорд (fʹord)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: фјо̏рд

Latin script: fjȍrd

→ Slovak: fjord

→ Spanish: fiordo

From Old Norse fjǫrðr, from Proto-Germanic *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”), from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”).


fjord

fjorden (definite singular)
fjordar (indefinite plural)
fjordane (definite plural)

→ Catalan: fiord

→ Dutch: fjord

→ Georgian: ფიორდი (piordi)

→ German: Fjord
→ Estonian: fjord

→ Hungarian: fjord

→ Italian: fiordo

→ Polish: fiord

→ Portuguese: fiorde

→ Russian: фьорд (fʹord)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: фјо̏рд

Latin script: fjȍrd

→ Slovak: fjord

→ Spanish: fiordo

From Old Norse fjǫrðr, from Proto-Germanic *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”), from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”). Akin to English firth.

a big long lake in Eastern Norway (e.g. Tyrifjorden, Tunhovdfjorden, Randsfjorden, Tisleifjorden)


fjord

fjȍrd (canonical masculine)
фјо̏рд (Cyrillic)
fjȍrd (nominative singular)
fjòrdovi (nominative plural)
fjorda (genitive singular)
fjòrdōvā (genitive plural)
fjordu (dative singular)
fjordovima (dative plural)
fjord (accusative singular)
fjordove (accusative plural)
fjorde (singular vocative)
fjordovi (plural vocative)
fjordu (locative singular)
fjordovima (locative plural)
fjordom (instrumental singular)
fjordovima (instrumental plural)

From Norwegian fjord, from Old Norse fjǫrðr.


fjord

sk-noun

fjord m inan (relational adjective fjordový)

fjordový (adjective relational)
nominative
fjord (singular)
fjordy (plural)
genitive
fjordu (singular)
fjordov (plural)
dative
fjordom (plural)
accusative
locative
fjorde (singular)
fjordoch (plural)
instrumental
fjordom (singular)
fjordmi (plural)


fjord

fjord (indefinite nominative singular)
fjords (genitive indefinite singular)
fjorden (definite nominative singular)
fjordens (definite genitive singular)
fjordar (indefinite nominative plural)
fjordars (genitive indefinite plural)
fjordarna (definite nominative plural)
fjordarnas (definite genitive plural)

From Old Swedish fiordher, from Old Norse fjǫrðr, from Proto-Norse *ᚠᛖᚱᚦᚢᛉ (*ferþuʀ), from Proto-Germanic *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”), from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”). Doublet of fjärd.


lac

Inherited from Middle French lac, from Old French lac, a replacement of earlier lai (“pit, trench, ditch, grave, mere, pond”) (see Old French lac). Generally inferred as a borrowing of Latin lacus (“lake”), from Proto-Italic *lakus, from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”).


lac

lacuri (plural)
lac (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
lacul (accusative definite nominative singular)
lacuri (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
lacurile (accusative definite nominative plural)
lac (indefinite singular)
lacului (definite singular)
lacuri (indefinite singular)
lacurilor (definite plural)
lacule (singular vocative)
lacurilor (vocative)

Inherited from Latin lacus (“lake”), from Proto-Italic *lakus, from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”). Compare Aragonese laco, Catalan llac, Esperanto lago, French lac, Italian lago, Maltese lag, Portuguese lago, Sardinian lagu, Spanish lago.


mire

en-noun

mire (countable and uncountable, plural mires)

From Middle English mire, a borrowing from Old Norse mýrr, from Proto-Germanic *miuzijō, whence also Swedish myr, Norwegian myr, Icelandic mýri, Dutch *mier (in placenames, for example Mierlo). Related to Proto-Germanic *meusą, whence Old English mēos, and Proto-Germanic *musą, whence Old English mos (English moss).

When Caliban was lazy and neglected his work, Ariel (who was invisible to all eyes but Prospero’s) would come slyly and pinch him, and sometimes tumble him down in the mire. (Charles Lamb, Tales from Shakespeare, Hatier, coll. « Les Classiques pour tous » n° 223, p. 51)

(Can we date this quote?), (Please provide the book title or journal name):

(wetland science, strictly) A peatland which is actively forming peat, such as an active bog or fen.

wetland science; strictly; wetland science; strictly


mire

en-verb

mire (third-person singular simple present mires, present participle miring, simple past and past participle mired)

mires (present singular third-person)
miring (participle present)
mired (participle past)
mired (past)

to mire a horse or wagon

(transitive) To cause or permit to become stuck in mud; to plunge or fix in mud.

Why had I not with charitable hand
Took up a beggar’s issue at my gates,
Who smirch’d thus and mired with infamy,
I might have said ‘No part of it is mine;
This shame derives itself from unknown loins’?

1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

(intransitive) To soil with mud or foul matter.


rill

From or akin to West Frisian ril (“rill; a narrow channel”), Dutch ril (“rill; gully; trench; watercourse”), German Low German Rille, Rill (“a small channel; brook; furrow”), German Rille (“a groove; furrow”).

cog

(planetology) Alternative form of rille.


salina

A salt marsh, or salt pond, enclosed from the sea.


strait

straits (plural)
streit (alternative)
streight (alternative)

From Middle English streit, from Old French estreit (modern form étroit), from Latin strictus, perfect passive participle of stringō (“compress, tighten”). Doublet of stretto and strict.

the Strait of Gibraltar

[…] we steered directly through a large Out-let, which they call a Streight, tho’ it be fifteen Miles broad […]

1720, [Daniel Defoe], The Life, Adventures, and Pyracies, of the Famous Captain Singleton, London: […] J[ohn] Brotherton, […], J[ohn] Graves […], A[nne] Dodd, […], and T[homas] Warner, […], →OCLC, pages 232–233:

(geography) A narrow channel of water connecting two larger bodies of water.


Charybdis

From Ancient Greek Χάρυβδις (Khárubdis).

…that night, wee ſailed merrily by the Maſcarenas, a Charybdis in 21 degrees, var.13 and 17 minutes…

1638, Sir Thomas Herbert, Some yeares travels into divers parts of Asia and Afrique:

The tide here sets in alternately from N. to S. and from S. to N., which causes the whirlpool of Galofaro, the Charybdis of the ancients.

1832, James Bell, A system of geography, popular and scientific:

Lo! the wave that for ever devours the wave / Casts roaringly up the charybdis again…

1842 Schiller, Friedrich poem Der Taucher (written in 1797) published in English in Blackwood's Magazine volume 52


creek

creeks (plural)
crick (alternative)
crik (alternative)

Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin: kriki

Sranan Tongo: kriki

From Middle English creke, kreke, creake, of unclear origin.
Additional etymological information
It existed alongside a second variant in Middle English cryke, krike, cricke, from Old Norse kriki. The first form possibly continues Old English *creca (attested in the diminutive crecca (“creek, bay, wharf”) also found in Anglo-Latin as creca, crecca), from Proto-West Germanic *krekō, from Proto-Germanic *krekô, *krekuz (“corner, hook, angle, bend, bight”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, to wind”).
See also Old Dutch creka, crika (“inlet, cove, creek”), Old Norse kriki, krikr (“angle, corner, nook, bight”), Old Norse kraki (“pole with a hook, anchor”), and possibly Old Norse krókr (“hook, bend, bight”). Modern cognates include West Frisian kreek (“creek”), Dutch kreek (“creek, cove, inlet, bight”), and French crique (“cove”) (borrowed from Germanic).
Early British colonists of Australia and the Americas used the term in the usual British way, to name inlets; as settlements followed the inlets upstream and inland, the names were retained and creek came to be used to refer to any small waterway. A similar semantic development occurred in Dutch and French, where the word originally meant "bay" but came to mean "stream" especially in the French and Dutch colonies (French Guiana, Dutch Guiana and Indonesia).

unk

unclear origin

cog

We all feel it Looming, even when we're awake, out there ahead someplace, the way you come to feel a River or Creek ahead, before anything else,— sound, sky, vegetation,— may have announced it.

1997, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 67, in Mason & Dixon, 1st US edition, New York: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, part Two: America, page 650:

(Australia, New Zealand, Canada, US) A stream of water, typically a stream of freshwater smaller than a river; in Australia, also used of river-sized bodies of water.


firth

Borrowed from Scots firth, furth, from Northern Middle English fyrth, from either or both of Old English ford and Old Norse fjǫrðr (“firth, fjord”), from Proto-Germanic *ferþu, *ferþuz (“inlet, fjord”), from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”), from *per- (“to carry forth”) + *-tus (suffix forming action nouns from verb roots). The English word is a doublet of fjord, ford, port, and fjard.

The descent continues, still more steeply to Dundee (Tay Bridge), and approaching from the bridge itself this sharp descent gives the curious appearance that the station is below the level of the firth.

1947 January and February, O. S. Nock, “"The Aberdonian" in Wartime”, in Railway Magazine, page 7:

They drove on, every rise in the road lifting their sightline clear of the drystone dykes along the roadside, gifting glimpses of the firth and the islands, the blue peaks of Arran.

2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 440:

An arm or inlet of the sea; a river estuary.


firth

From Middle English fyrth, a metathetic variant of frith (“forest”), from Old English fyrhþe, fyrhþ (“forest, wooded country; game preserve, hunting ground”), from Proto-West Germanic *furhiþi (“forest, woodland”), Proto-Germanic *furhiþją (“forest, wooded country”), *furhiþǭ, from *furhu (“fir; pine”), from *furahō, *furhō (“fir; pine; (fir or pine) forest”), from Proto-Indo-European *pérkus (“oak”), from *perkʷ- (“oak”).

inh

(chiefly Northern England, Scotland) Alternative form of frith (“a forest used for hunting; a (small) wood; wooded country; land covered mainly by brushwood”)


glade

From Middle English glade, glode, glede (“a gleam of light, bright space, an open space; an open or cleared space in a forest; a bright patch of sky; a bright surface of snow or ice”), of uncertain origin, perhaps from Old English *glǣd, *glād, related to Old English glæd (“shining, bright”), (compare Old Norse glaðr (“bright”)).

[…] are creating more "glades," or cleared trails through the woods, for less experienced (blue) skiers. They're a throwback to the first days of skiing, before resorts cut wide swaths of trees, and machines rolled and packed the snow.

2003 November 23, Newsweek, Travel, In The Trees:

[…] and meads and glades so eternally vernal, that the grass shot up by the spring, untrodden, unwilted, remains at midsummer.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “chapter 22”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or cleared space in a forest.

An open space in the ice on a river or lake.


hag

From Middle English hagge, hegge (“demon, old woman”), shortening of Old English hægtesse, hægtes (“harpy, witch”), from Proto-West Germanic *hagatussjā. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Häkse (“witch”), Dutch heks, German Hexe (“witch”). Doublet of hex.

A hagfish; one of various eel-like fish of the family Myxinidae, allied to the lamprey, with a suctorial mouth, labial appendages, and a single pair of gill openings.

A hagdon or shearwater; one of various sea birds of the genus Puffinus.


hag

From Middle English hag (denoting a gap in a cliff), from Old Norse hǫgg (“cut, gap, breach”), derivative of hǫggva (“to hack, hew”). Compare English hew, Old Swedish hug (“blow, stroke”).

This said, he led me over hoults and hags; / Through thorns and bushes scant my legs I drew

1845, Edward Fairfax (tr.), Godfrey of Bulloigne; or, The Recovery of Jerusalem: Done into English Heroical Verse, page 168:

(Northern England) A small wood, or part of a wood or copse, which is marked off or enclosed for felling, or which has been felled.

And they likewise ordained […] that all the warp should be thrown into the Common wayes, to fill up haggs and lakes, where need was, upon a great penalty, where it should ly neer the Common rode.

1662, Sir William Dugdale, The History of Imbanking and Drayning of Divers Fenns and Marshes, page 292:

[…] upon wet brae-sides, peat-haggs, and flow-mosses, […]

1836, Walter Scott, Waverley Novels, page 375:

The uplands are generally mossy, resting on clay of a yellow colour, covered by moss of various depths, which often break into what are called hags, or flow-moss.

1845, The New Statistical Account of Scotland: Ayr, Bute, page 107:

[…] I had made sure to find him in the hag o' Coars-Neuk Moor, […]

The strongest nag that crosses th' hagg / Wi wots ta Fullod mill.

1882, Joseph Senior, Smithy Rhymes and Stithy Chimes, Or, the Short and Simple Annals of the Poor, page 46:

[…] the murky flag / Flaps on Turftennant's rushy hag."

1898, Charles Spence, From the Braes of the Carse: Poems and Songs by the Late Charles Spence, page 189:

The shallow slow-running groughs fed the hag with a trickle of coppery water.

2017, Benjamin Myers, The Gallows Pole, Bloomsbury, published 2019, page 101:

The winter snow has collected amongst the eroded peat hags and is being actively reshaped into deep dunes and linear ripples by the strong winds whipping across the summit ridge. In the winter light, large sandblasted granite tors, sugar-coated with ice, stand out[…]

2023 October 12, Mike Billett, Peat and Whisky: The Unbreakable Bond, Saraband, →ISBN:

A marshy hollow, especially an area of peat lying lower than surrounding moorland, formed by erosion of a gully or cutting and often having steep edges.


meander

From Latin Maeander, from Ancient Greek Μαίανδρος (Maíandros) – a river in Asia Minor (present day Turkey) known for its winding course (modern Turkish Menderes).

(mathematics) A self-avoiding closed curve which intersects a line a number of times.


meander

meanderen (definite singular)
meandere (indefinite plural)
meandre (indefinite plural)
meandrer (indefinite plural)
meanderne (definite plural)
meandrene (definite plural)

From Latin Maeander, from Ancient Greek Μαίανδρος (Maíandros).


meander

meanderen (definite singular)
meandrar (indefinite plural)
meandrane (definite plural)


meander

pl-noun

meander m inan (related adjective meandrowy)

meandrowy (adjective)
meander (nominative singular)
meandry (nominative plural)
meandra (genitive singular)
meandrów (genitive plural)
meandrowi (dative singular)
meandrom (dative plural)
meander (accusative singular)
meandry (accusative plural)
meandrem (instrumental singular)
meandrami (instrumental plural)
meandrze (locative singular)
meandrach (locative plural)
meandrze (singular vocative)
meandry (plural vocative)

meander (one of a series of regular sinuous curves, bends, loops, turns, or windings in the channel of a river, stream, or other watercourse)


meander

sk-noun

meander m inan (genitive singular meandra, nominative plural meandre, genitive plural meandrov, declension pattern of stroj)

meandra (genitive singular)
meandre (nominative plural)
meandrov (genitive plural)
stroj (declension-pattern-of)


meander

meander (indefinite nominative singular)
meanders (genitive indefinite singular)
meandern (definite nominative singular)
meanderns (definite genitive singular)
meander (indefinite nominative plural)
meanders (genitive indefinite plural)
meanderna (definite nominative plural)
meandernas (definite genitive plural)


morass

From Dutch moeras (“marsh, swamp”), from Middle Dutch marasch (“marsh”), from Old French mareis, from Proto-West Germanic *marisk. Doublet of marish and marsh.

I wrote to Sacramento about that historical marker, and they've been kicking it around their bureaucratic morass for months.

1966 March, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 4, in The Crying of Lot 49, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, published November 1976, →ISBN, page 67:

(figurative) Anything that entraps or makes progress difficult.

бало́та

anything that entraps or makes progress difficult


slack

en-adj

slack (comparative slacker, superlative slackest)

slacker (comparative)
slackest (superlative)

From Middle English slak, from Old English slæc (“slack”), from Proto-Germanic *slakaz. For sense of coal dust, compare slag.

a slack hand


slack

Probably from German Schlacke (“dross, slag”). Doublet of slag.

One of the important improvements of recent years has been attained by mixing the peat pulp as it passes through the grinding machine, with other inflammable materials, such as bituminous coal dust, or slack […]

1905, Colliery Engineer, volume 25, page 107:

It had rather a woolly and uneven beat and was inclined to prime, but there was no trouble with steaming even though the tender contained mostly small slack and dust.

1959 April, P. Ransome-Wallis, “The Southern in Trouble on the Kent Coast”, in Trains Illustrated, London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 220:


Todd

Northern Territory
Northern Territory#English

A river in the Northern Territory, Australia; named for early immigrant Alice Bell Todd (wife of astronomer Charles Todd).


Murray

en-proper noun

Murray (countable and uncountable, plural Murrays)

Scottish surname derived from the place name Moray in northeastern Scotland, from Medieval Latin Moravia, Morauia, from Scottish Gaelic Moireibh, Moireabh, Moreb, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *mori (“sea”) + *trebā (“settlement”).

The Murray River, a major river in south-eastern Australia, flowing 2,589 km (1,609 mi) to the Indian Ocean, through New South Wales and Victoria, where it forms the border for hundreds of miles, to the sea through South Australia. Named after Sir George Murray.

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

A river in Western Australia (as above).

A minor river in Stewart Island, New Zealand.


Murray

Unadapted borrowing from English Murray.

a placename:
A major river in southeastern Australia

A minor river in Stewart Island, New Zealand


laguna

laguna (nominative singular)
laguny (nominative plural)
laguny (genitive singular)
lagun (genitive plural)
laguně (dative singular)
lagunám (dative plural)
lagunu (accusative singular)
laguny (accusative plural)
laguno (singular vocative)
laguny (plural vocative)
laguně (locative singular)
lagunách (locative plural)
lagunou (instrumental singular)
lagunami (instrumental plural)


laguna

desctree

→ French: lagune
→ Danish: lagune
→ Dutch: lagune
→ English: lagoon

→ Portuguese: laguna

→ Romanian: lagună

From earlier *lacuna, from Latin lacūna.


laguna

laguna (nominative singular)
laguny (nominative plural)
laguny (genitive singular)
lagun (genitive plural)
lagunie (dative singular)
lagunom (dative plural)
lagunę (accusative singular)
laguny (accusative plural)
laguną (instrumental singular)
lagunami (instrumental plural)
lagunie (locative singular)
lagunach (locative plural)
laguno (singular vocative)
laguny (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian laguna, from Latin lacūna.


laguna

Borrowed from Venetan laguna, Italian laguna, from Latin lacuna. Cf. also Spanish laguna. Doublet of lagoa, which was inherited from Latin, and of lacuna, which was borrowed.

lagoon (shallow body of water separated from the sea by a bar)


laguna

lagúna (canonical feminine)
лагу́на (Cyrillic)
laguna (nominative singular)
lagune (nominative plural)
lagune (genitive singular)
laguna (genitive plural)
laguni (dative singular)
lagunama (dative plural)
lagunu (accusative singular)
lagune (accusative plural)
laguno (singular vocative)
lagune (plural vocative)
laguni (locative singular)
lagunama (locative plural)
lagunom (instrumental singular)
lagunama (instrumental plural)


laguna

Inherited from Latin lacūna. Cognate with English lagoon and lacuna.

lake, pond, pool (smaller than lago but bigger than charca)


Blackadder

Scottish Borders
Scottish Borders#English

Blackadder Water, a river in the Scottish Borders council area, Scotland, a tributary of Whiteadder Water.


Tartarus

la-proper noun

Tartarus m sg (genitive Tartarī); second declension

Tartarī (genitive)
Tartarus (nominative singular)
Tartarī (genitive singular)
Tartarō (dative singular)
Tartarum (accusative singular)
Tartarō (ablative singular)
Tartare (singular vocative)
Tartaros (alternative)

Catalan: Tàrtar

→ English: Tartarus

French: Tartare

[ˈt̪ärt̪ärʊs̠]

A river of Venetia that used to flow into the Adriatic Sea, now called Tartaro.


gat

gaśik (diminutive)
gat (nominative singular)
gata (dual nominative)
gaty (nominative plural)
gata (genitive singular)
gatowu (dual genitive)
gatow (genitive plural)
gatoju (dative singular)
gatoma (dative dual)
gatam (dative plural)
gat (accusative singular)
gata (accusative dual)
gaty (accusative plural)
gatom (instrumental singular)
gatoma (dual instrumental)
gatami (instrumental plural)
gaśe (locative singular)
gatoma (dual locative)
gatach (locative plural)

From Proto-Slavic *gatь (“dike”). Cognate with Upper Sorbian hat, Polish gać, Serbo-Croatian gat (“ditch, dam”).


/leɪk tʃɑɹ.ɡɑɡˌəˌɡɑɡˌmæn.tʃɑˈɡæ.ɡɑɡ.tʃɑ.buˌnæ.ɡuŋ.ɡə.mɑɡ/

/leɪk tʃɑː.ɡɒɡˌəˌɡɒɡˌmanˈtʃaʊ̯.ɡə.ɡɒɡ.tʃaʊ̯.bʊˌnə.ɡʊŋ.ɡə.mɔːɡ/

A compound of Chargoggagoggmanchauggagogg, alternative spelling of Chargoggagoggmanchoggagogg, a fanciful name appearing on early maps that adds meaningless syllables to the name of the nearby Manchaug Pond + Chaubunagungamaug, the lake's original name (see that entry for its history). Invented along with a fanciful translation of "I'll fish on my side [of the lake], you fish on your side, and nobody fishes in the middle" in 1921 by Laurence J. Daly, the editor of The Webster Times.

LAKE CHARGOGGAGOGGMANCHAUGGAGOGGCHAUBUNAGUNGAMAUGG is the name of the largest and one of the most beautiful Summer resorts in Massachusetts and is located in the industrial town of Webster close to the Connecticut and Rhode Island borders. Its name is pronounced with ease only by natives of Webster and the Nipmuck Indians.

1938 June 12, “LAKE WITH A LONG NAME; Chaubungungamaug for Short Is One of Massachusett's Beautiful Resorts”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-11-19, RESORTS, page 170:

The French River flows generally south throughout its length from Leicester (beginning with Town Meadow Brook from Leicester to Greenville Pond) through Oxford, Dudley, and Webster to Thompson, Connecticut. Probably the best known feature along the French River is Lake Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg (also known as Webster Lake) which drains into the river in Webster via Mill Brook.

1978 July, Water Quality and Research Station, Massachusetts Division of Water Pollution Control, “The French and Quinebaug River Basins”, in Commonwealth of Massachusetts Summary of Water Quality, 1978, →OCLC, page 98:

In fact, I can remember sitting with my grandfather Rusack and his good friend, last of the Nipmuck Indians, on the shore of Lake Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg in Massachusetts and listening to the ancient brave's stories.

1985 [1985 December 6], Robert C. Rusack, “The Address of the Right Reverend the Bishop of Los Angeles Robert C. Rusack, S.T.D., D.D. to the Annual Meeting of the Ninetieth Convention December 6, 1985”, in The Journal of the Ninetieth Convention of the Church in the Diocese of Los Angeles, volume I, →OCLC, pages 62-63:

Lake Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg is located in the town of Webster, Massachusetts. The name is the longest for any lake in the United States.

2009, Larry B. Pletcher, “Massachusetts Facts and Trivia”, in It Happened In Massachusetts (It Happened In Series), 2nd edition, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 120:

Synonym of Lake Chaubunagungamaug in Massachusetts, USA.


channel

→ Japanese: チャンネル (channeru)

→ Korean: 채널 (chaeneol)

→ Welsh: sianel

From Middle English chanel (also as canel, cannel, kanel), a borrowing from Old French chanel, canel, from Latin canālis (“groove; canal; channel”). Doublet of canal.

kanal

communication: single path provided by a transmission medium via physical separation

kanaal

broadcasting: specific radio frequency or band of frequencies used for transmitting television

The English Channel lies between France and England.

Our citizens and our businesses on both sides of the channel need more security and predictability for the future

2018 May 14, Jon Stone in Brussels, The Independent:

A narrow body of water between two land masses.

նեղուց

distribution channel
distribution channel

(business, marketing) A distribution channel.


sea change

/ˈsiːˌt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/

From Act I, scene ii, of The Tempest (1610–1611) by the English playwright William Shakespeare (1564–1616), spelling modernized: “Full fathom five thy father lies, / Of his bones are coral made: / Those are pearls that were his eyes, / Nothing of him that doth fade, / But doth suffer a sea-change / Into something rich and strange”. The passage refers to how a drowned man’s body lying on the sea bed had been transformed by the sea.

Public opinion has undergone a sea change since the 2002 elections.

A few days wrought, as it were, a magical "sea change" in everything around us. The late dark and angry sea, lashed up into roaring and swashing surges, became calm and sunny; the rude winds died away; and gradually a light breeze sprang up directly aft.

1842 March, “The Bermudas”, in The Ladies’ Cabinet of Fashion, Music, and Romance, volume VII, London: Geo[rge] Henderson, […], →OCLC, page 188:

His [Frederick Marryat's] last work, ‘Percival Keane’ (1842), betrays no falling-off, but, on the contrary, is one of the most vigorous and interesting of his ‘sea changes.’

1851, “Captain Frederick Marryat”, in Robert Chambers, editor, Cyclopædia of English Literature: A Selection of the Choicest Productions of English Authors, from the Earliest to the Present Time, […], volume II, Boston, Mass.: Gould and Lincoln, […], →OCLC, page 622, column 2:

[S]uddenly, a "sea change" came over his features, […]

1854 January 14, Supplement to The Courant. […], volume XIX, number 1, Hartford, Conn.: Boswell & Faxon, →OCLC, page 8, column 1:

Assuredly the fine old North Carolinan [William Alexander Graham], who has meanwhile himself gone under politically, as little anticipated while penning this sententious answer the "sea-change" as the sectional one which was to come after him. A "sea-change" has indeed transpired.

1869 December 4, “Submarine Warfare”, in The United States Army and Navy Journal and Gazette of the Regular and Volunteer Forces, volume VII, number 16, New York, N.Y.: Army and Navy Journal, →OCLC, page 237, column 1:

It is interesting to watch how the most unpromising subject seems to warm and assimilate with his [John Randolph of Roanoke's] genius. Everything undergoes a seachange.

1879 October, W. C. B., “John Randolph: A Sketch”, in W. P. Kent, editor, The Virginia University Magazine, volume XIX, number 1, Charlottesville, Va.: Literary Societies of the University of Virginia; Chronicle Steam Book and Job Printing Office, →OCLC, page 38:

Is it possible that our sense of humor has already undergone a sea-change? […] [T]he book as a whole seems strangely antiquated.

1889 August, “Books of the Month”, in The Atlantic Monthly: A Magazine of Literature, Science, Art, and Politics, volume LXIV, number CCCLXXXII, Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC, page 288, column 2:

There are other worlds than ours, and we never again return to the old place, because we have suffered not only a sea-change but a soul-change.

1894 December, Helen Marshall North, “The Charm of Variety in Life”, in Theodore L. Flood, editor, The Chautauquan […], volume XI (New Series; volume XX overall), number 3, Meadville, Pa.: The T. L. Flood Publishing House, →OCLC, page 340, column 2:

Anthony Starkweather. […] Essentially a moral man, his rigid New England morality has suffered a sea change and developed into the morality of the master-man of affairs, equally rigid, equally uncompromising, but essentially Jesuitical in that he believes in doing wrong that right may come of it.

1910 November, Jack London, “Actors’ Description of Characters”, in Theft: A Play in Four Acts, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC, pages x–xi:

On the right, emerging from the social sciences, is a position that identifies the recent sea changes in Eastern Europe and the USSR, the longer-term global shifts toward internationalisation and the collapse of movement politics of various kinds as calling into question the continuing relevance of the neo Marxist 'motor' of cultural studies.

1992, Stuart Cunningham, “A Tale of Two Institutions”, in John Tulloch, editor, Framing Culture: Criticism and Policy in Australia (Australian Cultural Studies), St. Leonards, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin, →ISBN, page 21:

New economic, social and international pressures were threatening a seachange in the language of politics, with more activism sought from government than in the laissez-faire nineteenth century.

1996, Anthony Seldon, “Introduction: The Tory Party in Power: 1783–1996”, in How Tory Governments Fall: The Tory Party in Power since 1783, London: Fourth Estate, HarperCollins, published June 2016, →ISBN:

Don't be swayed by minor setbacks: Don't confuse minor shifts with sea-changes. A bump in the road can—and should—be navigated without making major route changes.

2003, Vince Lombardi, Jr., “Think Big Picture”, in The Lombardi Rules: 26 Lessons from Vince Lombardi, the World’s Greatest Coach (McGraw-Hill Professional Education), McGraw-Hill, →ISBN, page 10:

There has been a sea change in the language used to describe post-Roman times. Words like ‘decline’ and ‘crisis’, which suggest problems at the end of the empire and which were quite usual into the 1970s, have largely disappeared from historians’ vocabularies, to be replaced by neutral terms, like ‘transition’, ‘change’, and ‘transformation’.

2005, Bryan Ward-Perkins, “Did Rome Ever Fall?”, in The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization, 1st paperback edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, published 2006, →ISBN, page 4:

A sea change is under way. It used to be that when a man spoke, people listened; and when a woman spoke, her credentials were questioned, appearance found lacking, and message dismissed. Not. Any. More.

2018, Christine K. Jahnke, “Introduction”, in The Well-spoken Woman Speaks Out: How to Use Your Voice to Drive Change, Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, […], →ISBN, page 10:

The catalyst was the introduction of the Health & Safety at Work Act in 1974. While it applied to all workplaces, it gradually brought about a sea change in the attitude towards death and injury. Accidents were no longer accepted as 'inevitable'.

2022 January 26, John Crosse, “When the tide turned to a safer railway...”, in RAIL, number 949, page 53:

(idiomatic) A profound transformation; a metamorphosis.

تغير البحر

profound transformation — see also metamorphosis


fiume

fiumi (plural)
fiumi (alternative)
fiumu (alternative)


fiume

Questo fiume di luce, di vita, di pace e di amore per la Madre di Dio, ha generato gruppi di preghiera ovunque.

This river of light, peace and love for the Mother of God has generated prayer groups everywhere.


swamp

Sranan Tongo: swampu

→ Dutch: zwamp

Early attestations (starting in 1624) are from North America, but the term was probably in local use in Britain earlier. The etymology is not entirely certain; it is probably a fusion of Middle English swam (“swamp, muddy pool, bog, marsh”, also “fungus, mushroom”) — from Old English swamm (“mushroom, fungus, sponge”), from Proto-West Germanic *swamm, from Proto-Germanic *swambaz, *swammaz — and Middle English sompe (“marsh, morass”), from either Middle Dutch somp, sump (“marsh, swamp”) or Middle Low German sump (“marsh, swamp”) (from Old Saxon *sump (“swamp, marsh”)), both from Proto-West Germanic *sump, from Proto-Germanic *sumpaz. *swambaz, *swammaz and *sumpaz are likely related to each other, but it is unclear whether they are of Indo-European origin or are substrate words or wanderworts.
The word has alternatively been suggested to be a borrowing from Dutch zwamp (“swamp, marsh, fen”). Other cognates include Middle Low German swamp (“sponge, mushroom”), Dutch zomp (“swamp, lake, marshy place”), German Low German Sump (“swamp, bog, marsh”), German Sumpf (“swamp”), Swedish sump (“swamp”). Related also to Dutch zwam (“fungus, punk, tinder”), German Schwamm (“mushroom, fungus, sponge”), Swedish svamp (“mushroom, fungus, sponge”), Icelandic svampur, sveppur (“fungus”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌿𐌼𐍃𐌻 (swumsl, “a ditch”). Related to sump, swim.

cog

Some small Marshes and Swamps there are, but more profitable than hurtfull.

1624, John Smith, Virginia IV., page 163

The vast swamps of Southern Ontario proved a grim nightmare to the construction gangs. Treacherous and seemingly bottomless, the swamps swallowed thousands of tons of timber and debris, yet still afforded no firm surface on which the track could be laid.

1954 February, Trevor Holloway, “Canada's Transcontinental Routes”, in Railway Magazine, page 128:

A piece of wet, spongy land; low ground saturated with water; soft, wet ground which may have a growth of certain kinds of trees, but is unfit for agricultural or pastoral purposes (a type of wetland). (Compare marsh, bog, fen.)


swamp

en-verb

swamp (third-person singular simple present swamps, present participle swamping, simple past and past participle swamped)

swamps (present singular third-person)
swamping (participle present)
swamped (participle past)
swamped (past)
swomp (alternative)

The boat was swamped in the storm.

The Whig majority of the house of Lords was swamped by the creation of twelve Tory peers.

1874, John Richard Green, A Short History of the English People:

Having swamped himself in following the ignis fatuus of a theory[…]

c. 1835, William Hamilton, “Metaphysics and Moral Science”, in Edinburgh Review:

(figurative) To plunge into difficulties and perils; to overwhelm; to ruin; to wreck.

Nothing to it but clearing out underbrush and limbs so teams can get to the logs. […] If anyone asks, just tell him you've swamped roads ever since you was big enough to lift a hatchet.

1954, W. E. Blackhurst, Riders of the Flood, page 27:

I guess I've done it all. Drove teams, drove grabs (device used to fasten a trail of logs together), swamped (cleared the ground of underbrush and fallen trees for road construction).

1976, Alicia Tyler, “Doin' a man's work”: Logging in central and southern counties between 1918 and 1930, page 26

"Hayburners," or horses, their "teamsters," and oxen driven by their "bullwhackers," all became outmoded, as did "crosspoling" logs across trails to make them sturdy and "swamping," or cutting, new trails to "snake" logs out of the forest.

2006, Harold Farwell, Logging Terminology, page 1021:

(Appalachia) To clear (a road or an area) of brush, particularly so as to create a path for loggers to be able to access trees.


wetland

From wet + land. Cognate with West Frisian wetlân.

European adventurers found themselves within a watery world, a tapestry of streams, channels, wetlands, lakes and lush riparian meadows enriched by floodwaters from the Mississippi River.

2013 January 7, Nancy Langston, “The Fraught History of a Watery World”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 1, archived from the original on 2013-01-22, page 59:

(usually in the plural) Land that is covered mostly with water, with occasional marshy and soggy areas.

vleiland

land that is covered mostly with water, with occasional marshy and soggy areas


Gibraltar

/d͡ʒɪˈbɹɔːltə(ɹ)/

/d͡ʒɪˈbɹɒltə(ɹ)/

Pillars of Hercules
Rock of Gibraltar
Tariq ibn Ziyad
Umayyad conquest of Hispania

From Spanish Gibraltar, from Arabic جَبَل طَارِق (jabal ṭāriq, “Mount Tariq”), named after Tariq ibn Ziyad, who led the Umayyad conquest of Hispania, starting in 711. Replaced earlier Latin Mons Calpe (“Mount Calpe”) for the land, and Columnae Herculis, from Ancient Greek Ἡράκλειαι στῆλαι (Hērákleiai stêlai, “Pillars of Hercules”), for the strait.
The barangay in Baguio, Philippines is named by a German national "Jonathan Speth" after the Rock of Gibraltar in Europe. He lived and died in the barangay.

der

جَبَل طَارِق

cog

Ἡράκλειαι στῆλαι

A strait connecting the Mediterranean to the Atlantic between Gibraltar and Morocco.


Gibraltar

pl-prop

Gibraltar m inan (related adjective gibraltarski)

gibraltarski (adjective)
Gibraltar (nominative singular)
Gibraltaru (genitive singular)
Gibraltarowi (dative singular)
Gibraltar (accusative singular)
Gibraltarem (instrumental singular)
Gibraltarze (locative singular)
Gibraltarze (singular vocative)

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)

Gibraltar (a strait connecting the Mediterranean to the Atlantic between Gibraltar and Morocco)


lade

From Middle English lad, from Old English lād, from Proto-Germanic *laidō (“a way, course”). Related to lode, lead (“to conduct”).

(Scotland) Water pumped into and out of mills, especially woolen mills.


Dee

Dee
River Dee (Ireland)
River Dee, Aberdeenshire
River Dee, Cumbria
River Dee, Wales

A river in Aberdeenshire council area, Scotland that flows about 145 km (90 mi) from the Cairngorm Mountains to the North Sea at Aberdeen.

And following Dee, which Britons long ygone / Did call divine, that doth by Chester tend; […]

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 39:

A river in Wales and England that flows about 113 km (70 mi) from Snowdonia to the Irish Sea near Liverpool.

A river in Cumbria, England, which flows through Dentdale, and joins the River Rawthey near Sedbergh.

A river in County Cavan and County Louth, Ireland.


estuary

estuaries (plural)
æstuary (alternative)

/ˈɛst͡ʃʊəɹi/

/ˈɛst͡ʃuˌɛɹi/

From Latin aestuarium (“creek”, “estuary of a river”).

der

The railway then follows the widening estuary of the river, which at high tide has the appearance of a lake, but at low water presents a rather cheerless expanse of dark mud.

1953 February, H. A. Vallance, “To Brighton through the Shoreham Gap”, in Railway Magazine, page 82:

There's something special about tidal estuaries, due to the abundance of wildlife and the ever-changing scenes as the water ebbs or rises. Throw in some moody skies and filtered sunlight, and the views can resemble a painting by Turner - only you don't have to go to the National Gallery to see this, it's brought to your seat on a train.

2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 65:

A coastal water body where ocean tides and river water merge, resulting in a brackish water zone.

estuarium

place where ocean tides and river water merge

An ocean inlet also fed by fresh river water.

ría

an ocean inlet also fed by fresh river water


flod

head

flod c (singular definite floden, plural indefinite floder)

floden (definite singular)
floder (indefinite plural)
flod (indefinite nominative singular)
floden (definite nominative singular)
floder (indefinite nominative plural)
floderne (definite nominative plural)
flods (genitive indefinite singular)
flodens (definite genitive singular)
floders (genitive indefinite plural)
flodernes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Danish floth, from Old Norse flóð, from Proto-Germanic *flōduz, from *pleh₃(w)- (“flow”). Compare Swedish flod, Icelandic flóð, English flood, Dutch vloed, German Flut.


flod

flodes (plural)
flood (alternative)
floode (alternative)
flode (alternative)
flowt (alternative)
fflood (alternative)
fflode (alternative)
vlode (alternative)

English: flood

Scots: fluid, flude

Inherited from Old English flōd, from Proto-Germanic *flōduz.

A waterbody or water in general (opposed to land):

A river; a waterbody that moves in one direction.

A lake or ocean; a large open body of water.

The movement of the sea (e.g. tide or flow)

(figurative) Something that flows or issues in abundance.


flod

floda (definite singular)
floden (definite singular)
floder (indefinite plural)
flodene (definite plural)

From Old Norse flóð, compare with German Flut.


flod

floda (definite singular)
floder (indefinite plural)
flodene (definite plural)


flod

flod (indefinite nominative singular)
flods (genitive indefinite singular)
floden (definite nominative singular)
flodens (definite genitive singular)
floder (indefinite nominative plural)
floders (genitive indefinite plural)
floderna (definite nominative plural)
flodernas (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse flóð, from Proto-Germanic *flōduz, from Proto-Indo-European *pléh₃tus. Compare Danish flod, Icelandic flóð, English flood, Dutch vloed, German Flut.


stream

→ Finnish: striimi (live stream)

From Middle English streem, strem, from Old English strēam, from Proto-West Germanic *straum, from Proto-Germanic *straumaz (“stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *srowmos (“river”), from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”). Doublet of rheum.
Cognate with Scots strem, streme, streym (“stream, river”), North Frisian strum (“stream”), West Frisian stream (“stream”), Low German Stroom (“stream”), Dutch stroom (“current, flow, stream”), German Strom (“current, stream”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål strøm (“current, stream, flow”), Norwegian Nynorsk straum (“current, stream, flow”), Swedish ström (“current, stream, flow”), Icelandic straumur (“current, stream, torrent, flood”), Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma, “stream, flow”), Lithuanian srovė (“current, stream”) Polish strumień (“stream”), Welsh ffrwd (“stream, current”), Scottish Gaelic sruth (“stream”).

cog

to swim against the stream

Her constant nagging was to him a stream of abuse.

With a little manœuvring they contrived to meet on the doorstep which was […] in a boiling stream of passers-by, hurrying business people speeding past in a flurry of fumes and dust in the bright haze.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 10, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

A new stream of migrants is leaving the continent. It threatens to become a torrent if the debt crisis continues to worsen.

2011 December 21, Helen Pidd, “Europeans migrate south as continent drifts deeper into crisis”, in the Guardian:

Any steady flow or succession of material, such as water, air, radio signal or words.

stroom

any steady flow or succession of material

(computing) A source or repository of data that can be read or written only sequentially.

All of the bright kids went into the A stream, but I was in the B stream.

(UK, education) A division of a school year by perceived ability.


Duncan

en-prop

Duncan (countable and uncountable, plural Duncans)

* As a Scottish Gaelic and Irish surname, from Donnchadh, a name composed of donn (“brown”) + cath (“battle”). Also spelled as Donagh and Donaghue, Donahue.
* Also as an Irish surname, Anglicized from ó Duinnchinn, from donn (“brown”) + ceann (“head”).

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

A river in British Columbia, Canada; running 206 km near Mount Dawson into the Kootenay Lake; named for prospector John Duncan.

A short river in the Southern Alps, New Zealand.


poll

From Proto-Brythonic *pull, from Old English pull, pyll (“tidal pool”) or Old Norse pollr, from Proto-Germanic *pullaz (“pool”). Cognate with Breton poull, Irish and Scottish Gaelic poll, and Welsh pwll.


seaport

A town or harbour with facilities for seagoing ships to dock and take on or discharge cargo.


Krishna

Krishna (countable and uncountable, plural Krishnas)


ulu

ulu (absolutive indefinite)
ulua (absolutive indefinite singular)
uluak (absolutive indefinite plural)
uluk (ergative indefinite)
uluak (ergative indefinite singular)
uluek (ergative indefinite plural)
uluri (dative indefinite)
uluari (dative indefinite singular)
uluei (dative indefinite plural)
uluren (genitive indefinite)
uluaren (genitive indefinite singular)
uluen (genitive indefinite plural)
ulurekin (comitative indefinite)
uluarekin (comitative indefinite singular)
uluekin (comitative indefinite plural)
ulurengatik (causative indefinite)
uluarengatik (causative indefinite singular)
uluengatik (causative indefinite plural)
ulurentzat (benefactive indefinite)
uluarentzat (benefactive indefinite singular)
uluentzat (benefactive indefinite plural)
uluz (indefinite instrumental)
uluaz (indefinite instrumental singular)
uluez (indefinite instrumental plural)
ulutan (indefinite inessive)
uluan (indefinite inessive singular)
uluetan (indefinite inessive plural)
ulutako (indefinite locative)
uluko (indefinite locative singular)
uluetako (indefinite locative plural)
ulutara (allative indefinite)
ulura (allative indefinite singular)
uluetara (allative indefinite plural)
ulutaraino (indefinite terminative)
uluraino (indefinite singular terminative)
uluetaraino (indefinite plural terminative)
ulutarantz (directive indefinite)
ulurantz (directive indefinite singular)
uluetarantz (directive indefinite plural)
ulutarako (destinative indefinite)
ulurako (destinative indefinite singular)
uluetarako (destinative indefinite plural)
ulutatik (ablative indefinite)
ulutik (ablative indefinite singular)
uluetatik (ablative indefinite plural)
ulurik (indefinite partitive)
ulutzat (indefinite prolative)


moss

en-noun

moss (countable and uncountable, plural mosses)

From Middle English mos, from Old English mos (“bog, marsh, moss”), from Proto-West Germanic *mos (“marsh, moss”), from Proto-Germanic *musą (“marsh, moss”), from Proto-Indo-European *mews- (“moss”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Moas (“moss”), West Frisian moas (“moss”), Dutch mos (“moss”), German Low German Moss (“moss”), German Moos (which shows the same polysemy of "moss" and "bog, fen"), Danish mos (“moss”), Swedish mossa (“moss”), Icelandic mosi (“moss”), Latin muscus (“moss”), Russian мох (mox, “moss”), Polish mech. Doublet of mousse.

cypress moss

Hypnum cupressiforme; Lycopodium alpinum

flowering moss (Pyxidanthera barbulata; Portulaca grandiflora;

moss crop

Eriophorum vaginatum; Eriophorum polystachion; Argentina anserina, syn. Potentilla anserina; Eleocharis palustris, syn. Scirpus caespitosus

willow moss

Hypnaceae, possibly Taxiphyllum barbieri

Any of various small, green, seedless plants growing on the ground or on the surfaces of trees, stones, etc.; now specifically, a plant of the phylum Bryophyta (formerly division Musci).

the mosses of the Scottish border

Loynton Moss

Bro, that moss was insane!

(American football, slang, countable) A spectacular catch made over 1 or multiple defenders, typically a jump ball.


moss

en-verb

moss (third-person singular simple present mosses, present participle mossing, simple past and past participle mossed)

mosses (present singular third-person)
mossing (participle present)
mossed (participle past)
mossed (past)

You just got mossed!

(American football, slang, transitive, intransitive) To make a spectacular catch over 1 or multiple defenders.


moss

Although I really shouldn't... I feel like cracking this stout and just mossing in the sun with a splif. Shit, maan. Its^([sic]) relaxation time!

2014 August 29, @7oneZ_FuckTDSB, Twitter:

The Huffington Post Canada
w:The Huffington Post Canada

(intransitive, MTE, slang) To relax, chill out.


Alabama

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Alabama.wav

From Alabama Albaamaha, the name of a people native to the area.

A river in Alabama; flowing 318 miles from the confluence of the Tallapoosa and Coosa near Coosada until its confluence with the Tombigbee, forming the Mobile, near Calvert.


Alabama

Borrowed from English Alabama, itself likely from Alabama Albaamaha.


Alabama

Alabama (nominative singular)
Alabamy (genitive singular)
Alabamie (dative singular)
Alabamę (accusative singular)
Alabamą (instrumental singular)
Alabamie (locative singular)
Alabamo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Alabama, from Alabama Albaamaha.


Alabama

[ɐ.lɐˈβɐ.mɐ]

[ɐ.lɐˈβɐ.mɐ]

southeastern region
southeastern region#English

Alabama (a river in the southeastern region, United States)


afon

afonydd (plural)
afon
hafon (prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh afon, from Proto-Brythonic *aβon, from Proto-Celtic *abū, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-h₃ōn-, from *h₂ep- (“body of water”).


Arkansas

/ˈɑɹ.kənˌsɔ/

From the name of the Arkansas River, from French Arcansas, a (plural) designation of either a Siouan tribe or the Quapaw. This designation is sometimes claimed to derive from a Quapaw word *akakaze (“land of downriver people”) or a Lakota/Dakota word *akakaze (“people of the south wind”); more likely, it derives from a Siouan ethnonym cognate to Kansa (whence also the name of the state of Kansas).

Arkansa (alternative)
Arkansaw (alternative)

Alabama · Alaska · Arizona · Arkansas · California · Colorado · Connecticut · Delaware · Florida · Georgia · Hawaii · Idaho · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Louisiana · Maine · Maryland · Massachusetts · Michigan · Minnesota · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · Nevada · New Hampshire · New Jersey · New Mexico · New York · North Carolina · North Dakota · Ohio · Oklahoma · Oregon · Pennsylvania · Rhode Island · South Carolina · South Dakota · Tennessee · Texas · Utah · Vermont · Virginia · Washington · West Virginia · Wisconsin · Wyoming

A river in the United States, rising in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, and flowing generally southeast over 1,400 miles through Kansas, Oklahoma and Arkansas, where it joins the Mississippi in Desha County.

American Samoa · Guam · Northern Mariana Islands · Puerto Rico · United States minor outlying islands · United States Virgin Islands


Arkansas

Borrowed from English Arkansas, from French Arcansas.


Colorado

/kɑləˈɹɑdoʊ/

/kɑləˈɹædoʊ/

/kɒləˈɹɑːdəʊ/

From Spanish colorado (“red, ruddy, colored”), usually from the reddish appearance of some silt-laden rivers, or from Portuguese colorado in the case of Brazilian locations.

der

Colorado (disambiguation)
Colorado River

Meronym: humpback chub

A million cascade brooks unite to form a thousand torrent creeks ; a thousand torrent creeks unite to form half a hundred rivers beset with cataracts ; half a hundred roaring rivers unite to form the Colorado, which rolls, a mad, turbid stream, into the Gulf of California.

1895, J[ohn] W[esley] Powell, chapter I, in Canyons of the Colorado, Meadville, PA: Flood & Vincent; republished as The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons, New York: Dover, 1961, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 29:

Gulf of California
Gulf of California#English

A major river of western North America, running from the Rocky Mountains in the United States to the Gulf of California in Mexico.

A river in Texas in the United States, flowing into the Gulf of Mexico.

A river in southern Argentina, running from the Andes into the Atlantic.


Colorado

The Colorado River (a major river of western North America, running from the Rocky Mountains in the United States to the Gulf of California in Mexico.)


Colorado

Colorado (a river in North America, located between the United States and Mexico)


Connecticut

Said to be from Mohegan-Pequot quinnitukqut (“at the long tidal river”), from *kwen- (“long”) (spelling due to confusion with connect) + *-ehtekw (“tidal river”) + *-enk (locative).

bor

A river in the United States that flows from northern New Hampshire into Long Island Sound.


Connecticut

Borrowed from English Connecticut, from Mohegan-Pequot quinnitukqut (“at the long tidal river”), from *kwen- (“long”) + *-ehtekw (“tidal river”) + *-enk (“place”).

Connecticut (a river in the United States)


Delaware

The river in the northeastern United States was named for Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr (1577–1618). The people and the state were named for the river.

A river in the northeastern United States, running from the Catskills into the Atlantic Ocean at Delaware Bay.

A river in the United States that flows from northeast Kansas into the Kansas River.

Several places in the United States, named for the people or the state.

A city, the county seat of Delaware County, Ohio.

An unincorporated community in Ripley County, Indiana.

An unincorporated community in Shannon County, Missouri.

A ghost town in Keweenaw County, Michigan, in the Upper Peninsula.

A number of townships in the United States, listed under Delaware Township.


Delaware

Unadapted borrowing from English Delaware.

ubor

Delaware (a river in the eastern United States)


Iowa

From French Aiouez/Ayoés, an early transliteration of the name for the Iowa tribe, from Dakota ayúxba (“sleepy ones”).

A tributary of the Mississippi River which flows through Iowa in a southeast direction.


Illinois

From a French adaptation of an Algonquian (perhaps Ojibwe) name derived from Miami ilenweewa (“he speaks the regular way”).

der

A river in the United States that flows from Grundy County, Illinois, into the Mississippi River.

A river in Colorado, United States that flows from the Never Summer Mountains in the Rockies into the Michigan River.

A river in Oklahoma, United States that flows from the Ozarks into the Arkansas River.

A river in Oregon, United States that flows from the southwestern corner of the state into the Rogue River.


Illinois

Borrowed from English Illinois, from a French adaptation of an Algonquian name derived from Miami ilenweewa (“he speaks the regular way”).


Michigan

Borrowed from English Michigan, from Ojibwe mishigami (“great lake”)/ᒥᔑᑲᒥ.


Missouri

From a French adaptation of Miami wimihsoorita (“the people who have dugout canoes”), a term for the inhabitants of the area around the Missouri River.

The longest river in North America, rising in the Rocky Mountains of western Montana and flowing roughly southeast over 2,300 miles through North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas and Missouri, before joining the Mississippi at St. Louis.


Missouri

de-proper noun

der Missouri m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Missouris)

der Missouri (canonical masculine)
des Missouris (definite genitive)


Missouri

Borrowed from English Missouri, from a French adaptation of Miami wimihsoorita (“the people who have dugout canoes”), a term for the inhabitants of the area around the Missouri River.


Missouri

Unadapted borrowing from English Missouri.


Mississippi

Borrowed from Ojibwe misi-ziibi, ᒥᓯ᐀ᓰᐱ (misi-siipi, “great river”).

(with the) A major river in the United States that flows from north-central Minnesota into the Gulf of Mexico.


Mississippi

the Mississippi (canonical)
Missippi (alternative)

Although its current spelling may be derived from that of its much larger American cousin, it is most certainly a corruption of a different indigenous name, as the translation “great water” would not apply to a relatively minor tributary of the Ottawa, definitely the largest river in the area. Instead, the name may originate from Mazinaa[bikinigan]-ziibi, Algonquian for “[painted] image river”, referring to the pictographs found on Mazinaw Lake, though this is by no means proven.

A river in Canada that flows from eastern Ontario into the Ottawa River.


Mississippi

Mississippi (a river in the United States)


Mississippi

Mississípi (alternative)
Mississipi (alternative)


Ohio

From Seneca Ohi:yoʼ, a proper name derived from ohi:yo:h (“good river”). The name of the Allegheny river, which the Lenape and Iroquois considered to be part of the same single river as the Ohio, means the same thing in Unami.

A river in the United States, flowing 981 miles from the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela at Pittsburgh into the Mississippi at Cairo, Illinois.


Ohio

Borrowed from English Ohio, from Seneca ohiːyoʼ, a proper name derived from ohiːyoːh (“good river”).


Tennessee

From Cherokee ᏔᎾᏏ (tanasi), believed to mean “winding river”.

A river in the United States, that flows from eastern Tennessee into the Ohio River.


Tennessee

Borrowed from English Tennessee, from Cherokee ᏔᎾᏏ (tanasi).

Tennessee (a river in the United States)


Tennessee

Tennessee (a river in the eastern United States)


Wisconsin

Borrowed from French Ouisconsin, itself borrowed from an uncertain Native American language. Theories include:
* Miami meeskohsinki or Algonquin meskousing, both meaning "it lies red", the name given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian-speaking American Indian groups living in the region at the time of European contact. "Meskousing" is known from maps drawn by the French from the 1670s onwards, it is believed subsequent transcribers mistook the stylized cursive "M" for "OU".
* Menominee wēskōhsek (“a good place”), from Wēskōhsek Sēpēw ("the river where it is good to live")
* An Ojibwe term, suggestions include miskwasiniig (“red stones”), referring to the red sandstone of the dells of the Wisconsin River; and wiishihkaanhs (“little lodge”), referring to the dwellings of the abundant beavers and muskrats.
A researcher for the State of Wisconsin Historical Society concluded in frustration, "I have not found two Indians to agree on the meaning of this word."

A river in the United States that flows from northern Wisconsin into the Mississippi.


Wisconsin

Unadapted borrowing from English Wisconsin.

Wisconsin (a river in the United States)


Cumberland

From Middle English Cumberlond, Cumberland, Cumbreland, from Old English Cumberland, Cumbraland, Cumerland, from Cumbric *Cumbri + Old English land, from Proto-Brythonic *kömrüɣ, plural of *kömroɣ. By surface analysis, Cumbria + -land. Doublet of Cambria. Cognate with Welsh Cymru.

Cumberland
Cumberland (disambiguation)
Cumberland, Maryland

A river in Kentucky and Tennessee, United States, a tributary to the Ohio River.


Kent

Inherited from Middle English Kent, from Old English Cent, from Latin Cantium, from Brythonic *Cantio (compare Old Irish céite (“gathering, folkmoot, hillock”)), from Proto-Celtic *kantos (“corner, rim”).

cog

A river in Cumbria, England, which flows into Morecambe Bay at Arnside.


Avon

From Proto-Brythonic *aβon (“river”). Compare with Welsh afon.

A number of rivers in the United Kingdom:

A river in Wiltshire, Somerset and Bristol, England; running from Acton Turville into the Bristol Channel at Avonmouth.

A river in Devon, England; running from Dartmoor into the English Channel at Bigbury-on-Sea.

A river in Northamptonshire, Leicestershire, Warwickshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire, England; running from Naseby into the Severn at Tewkesbury, and known as the Warwickshire Avon.

A river in Wiltshire, Hampshire and Dorset, England; running from Pewsey into the English Channel at Mudeford.

A river in Hampshire, England; running from the New Forest into the Solent at Keyhaven.

A river in England; running from Horton into the Berkeley Pill at Berkeley.

A river mainly in Falkirk council area, Scotland; running from Longriggend into the Firth of Forth at Grangemouth.

A river in Scotland; running from Loch A'an in the Cairngorms into the Spey at Ballindalloch.

A river in Scotland; running from Distinkhorn Hill near Strathaven into the Clyde at Hamilton.

A river in Canada; running from Lake Victoria in Stratford, Ontario into the Thames near St. Marys.

A river in Canada; running from South Mountain in Nova Scotia to the Minas Basin at Avonport.

A river in New Zealand; running from Avonhead into Pegasus Bay.

A river in New Zealand; running from a source in the Marlborough Region into the Waihopai.

A river in Australia; running from Barrington Tops in New South Wales into the Gloucester River at Gloucester.

A river in Australia; running from the Illawarra escarpment in New South Wales into the Cordeaux near Wilton.

A river in Australia; running from Mount Wellington in Victoria into Lake Wellington.

A river in Australia; running from the confluence of Avon and Reedy Creeks in Victoria into the Richardson River at Banyena.

A river in Australia; running from near Pingelly in Western Australia to Walyunga National Park, where it merges with Wooroloo Brook to form the Swan.


Nile

Aman dawū

ⲁⲙⲁⲛ ⲇⲁⳣⲟ̅ⲩ̅, امان داوو

The seven mouths of the Nile then, from east to west, are the Pelusian, the Mendesian, the Bucolic, the Sebennytic, the Saïtic, the Bolbitine, and the Canopic. Such is the account of Heredotus.

1844, Pierre Henri Larcher, William Desborough Cooley, Larcher's notes on Herodotus:

A river you think so little about, you don’t even realize that’s not the Nile, this is the Nile.

2016 March 6, “Special Districts”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 3, episode 4, via HBO:

A large river in Africa flowing through Khartoum and Cairo into the Mediterranean Sea, usually considered to be the longest river in the world.

Nile Township, Scioto County, Ohio, a township in Ohio, United States, named after the river.

Bucolic

Phatnitic, Phatnic, Phatmetic, Athribitic


Pacific Ocean

cf. Pacific. Portuguese explorer Magellan called the ocean pacífico (“peaceful”) (in c. 1519) because, after sailing through the stormy seas off Cape Horn, the expedition found calm waters.

An ocean, the world's largest body of water, to the east of Asia and Australasia and to the west of the Americas.

האוקיינוס השקט \ הָאוֹקְיָנוֹס הַשָּׁקַט

Antarctic Ocean~Southern Ocean · Arctic Ocean · Atlantic Ocean · Indian Ocean · Pacific Ocean [edit]


Rijn

From Middle Dutch rijn, from Old Dutch *Rīn, from Proto-West Germanic *Rīn, from Proto-Germanic *Rīnaz, from a Celtic language.

Wie op den Rijn per stoomboot reist, moet veel lodderige lonken kunnen afzien, […]

1874, Tony, Twee reisnovellen van den Rijn, W.C. de Graaff, 52

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

The Rhine, a major European river flowing through Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, France, Germany and the Netherlands. In the Netherlands the river (including its distributaries) flows through the provinces of Gelderland, Overijssel, Utrecht, North Holland and South Holland.


Rhin

From Old High German Rīn, from Proto-West Germanic *Rīn.

Rhine (a major river in Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, France, Germany and the Netherlands)


Rhein

de-proper noun

der Rhein m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Rheins or des Rheines)

der Rhein (canonical masculine)
des Rheins (definite genitive)
des Rheines (definite genitive)
Rein (alternative)

→ Russian: Рейн (Rejn)

desc

→ Chinese: 萊茵 /莱茵 (Láiyīn) (transliteration)

From Middle High German Rīn, from Old High German Rīn, from Proto-West Germanic *Rīn (“the river Rhine”). The spelling with Rh- after Latin Rhenus, itself possibly a Hellenizing form.

inh

Meronyms: Alpenrhein, Hochrhein, Oberrhein, Mittelrhein, Niederrhein, Deltarhein

Rhine (a major river in Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, France and the Netherlands, emptying into the North Sea)


Рейн

Kazakh alphabets#Arabic script
Kazakh alphabets#Cyrillic script
Kazakh alphabets#Latin script
kk:Рейн


Рейн

Rɛjn (romanization)
Ре́йна (genitive)
Ре́йн (nominative singular)
Ре́йна (genitive singular)
Ре́йну (dative singular)
Ре́йн (accusative singular)
Ре́йном (instrumental singular)
Ре́йне (prepositional singular)


rivulet

From Old French riveret (“little stream”) or from Italian rivoletto, from Italian rivo, from Latin rivus.


Mandel

en-proper-noun

Mandel (countable and uncountable, plural Mandels)

* Germanic surname (Dutch Mandel, German Mandel, Yiddish [Term?] (Mandel), all meaning "almond"). Also found in Slovenian as Mandelj.
* As a south German and Austrian surname, variant of Mandl, from Mann + -l.
* As a Dutch surname, from mandel (“sheaf of wheat”) (see Mandel below).
* As a Jewish surname, variant of Mendel.


Gordon

The main etymology, associated with Celtic names, is from the Scots surname Gordon, from a place name, but the origin is debated:
* If the English or Scots name is from a Brythonic language (such as Old Welsh or Old Breton), then possibly from a Proto-Brythonic compound such as *gor (“spacious”) + *din (“fort”);
* If the Scots name is itself from English, then possibly from French Gourdon, derived from Gallo-Roman Latin Gordus, from Gaulish *Gordos;
* Otherwise, possibly ultimately from Old English *gor-dūn (“mud hill”) whence a habitational name.

A place name:
A locale in Australia.
A river in Tasmania, Australia.

A river in Western Australia, Australia; named for British statesman George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen.


Sejm

Sejm (nominative singular)
Sejmu (genitive singular)
Sejmowi (dative singular)
Sejm (accusative singular)
Sejmem (instrumental singular)
Sejmie (locative singular)
Sejmie (singular vocative)


isthmus

la-noun

isthmus m (genitive isthmī); second declension

isthmī (genitive)
isthmus (nominative singular)
isthmī (nominative plural)
isthmī (genitive singular)
isthmōrum (genitive plural)
isthmō (dative singular)
isthmīs (dative plural)
isthmum (accusative singular)
isthmōs (accusative plural)
isthmō (ablative singular)
isthmīs (ablative plural)
isthme (singular vocative)
isthmī (plural vocative)
isthmos (alternative)

→ Asturian: ismu

→ Catalan: istme

→ Dutch: istmus

→ English: isthmus

→ Esperanto: istmo

Ido: istmo

→ French: isthme

→ Romanian: istm

→ Galician: istmo

→ German: Isthmus

→ Italian: istmo

→ Portuguese: istmo

→ Spanish: istmo

→ Basque: istmo

[ˈɪs̠t̪ʰmʊs̠]

Borrowing from Ancient Greek ῐ̓σθμός (ĭsthmós, “neck, narrow passage”), possibly from εἶμῐ (eîmĭ, “to go”).

bor

a strip of land between two seas; an isthmus


baltă

bălți (plural)
baltă (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
balta (accusative definite nominative singular)
bălți (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
bălțile (accusative definite nominative plural)
bălți (indefinite singular)
bălții (definite singular)
bălților (definite plural)
baltă (singular vocative)
balto (singular vocative)
bălților (vocative)

It is generally agreed to be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelH- (“to gleam”), but there is disagreement whether the word is one of the earliest Romanian loans from Proto-Slavic *bolto (“swamp”), or whether it is a substratum word. Compare Albanian baltë (“mud”), Aromanian baltã, Italian palta (“swamp”) and Greek βάλτος (váltos, “swamp”).

der

puddle, pond, pool (especially muddy); also swamp


pârâu

pâraie (plural)
pârâuri (plural)
pârâu (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
pârâul (accusative definite nominative singular)
pâraie (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
pâraiele (accusative definite nominative plural)
pârâu (indefinite singular)
pârâului (definite singular)
pâraie (indefinite singular)
pâraielor (definite plural)
pârâule (singular vocative)
pâraielor (vocative)
pârău (alternative)
părău (alternative)

Unknown. Influenced by râu (“river”), compare Megleno-Romanian păroi. Possibly from a Slavic language (compare Bulgarian порој). Alternative theories suggest Albanian përrua, Thracian *parau(t) and Greek *παρροή (*parroḯ), from παραρροή (pararroḯ).