De Wirden

First attested as Worden in 1543. Borrowed from West Frisian De Wurden, derived in turn from the plural form of Old Frisian wurt (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Dijkshorne

First attested as in da dijcks herna in 1452. Calque of West Frisian Dykshoarne, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian dīk (“levee”) and hern (“corner, bend”).

a hamlet in Noardeast-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Dokkumer Nieuwe Zijlen

First attested in the 18th century. Derived from the toponym Dokkum, nieuw (“new”) and the plural form of zijl (“discharge sluice”). Named after a nearby set of sluices.


Drieboerehuizen

First attested as Drieboerehuizen in 1986. Calque of West Frisian Trijeboerehuzen, a compound of trije (“three”) and the plural form of boerehûs (“farmhouse”). Named after three farmhouses.


Ezumazijl

First attested as esmerzijl in 1422. Calque of West Frisian Iesumasyl, derived in turn from a compound of the toponym Eesum and Old Frisian sîl (“discharge sluice”).


Kinnersley

en-proper noun

Kinnersley (countable and uncountable, plural Kinnersleys)

Kinnersleys (plural)
Kindersley (alternative)

From the Old English personal name Cyneheard, which is composed by the suffix cyne- (“royal”) + heard (“hard, rigid, firm”), + -s- + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”).

A village and civil parish (served by Kinnersley and District Group Parish Council) in Herefordshire, England (OS grid ref SO3449).

A hamlet in Severn Stoke parish, Malvern Hills district, Worcestershire, England (OS grid ref SO8743).


Severn Stoke

The parish is bounded by the River Severn on its west side.

A village and civil parish (served by Severn Stoke and Croome D'Abitot Parish Council) in Malvern Hills district, Worcestershire, England (OS grid ref SO857441).


Groot Medhuizen

First attested as mydhusum in 1491. Calque of West Frisian Grut Midhuzen, derived from grut (“great, big”) and a compound of Old Frisian mid (“mid-, middle”) and the plural form of hūs (“house”). The element groot was added to distinguish the settlement from Klein Medhuizen.


Klein Medhuizen

First attested as Cl. Medhuysen in 1491. Calque of West Frisian Lyts Midhuzen, derived from lyts (“small, little”) and a compound of Old Frisian mid (“mid-, middle”) and the plural form of hūs (“house”). The element klein was added to distinguish the settlement from Groot Medhuizen.


Hallumerhoek

First attested in the 18th century. Calque of West Frisian Hallumerhoeke, a compound of the toponym Hallum and hoeke (“corner”). The settlement was named for its location near a corner of two roads.


Hantumerhoek

Calque of West Frisian Hantumerhoeke, a compound of the toponym Hantum and hoeke (“corner”). The settlement was named for its location next to a crossroads.


Huis ter Noord

Calque of West Frisian Hústernoard, a compound of hûs (“house”), te (“at”) and noard (“north”). The toponym might have originally referred to a house located north of the Fogelsanghstate estate.


It Paradyske

Borrowed from West Frisian It Paradyske, derived from a diminutive form of paradys (“paradise”).


Kettingwier

/ˈkɛ.tɪŋˌʋiːr/

First attested as Katnye wierd in 1503. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian *Kattinga (a surname) and wier (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The current Frisian form of the toponym derives from a reinterpretation of the first element.


Kletterbuurt

Calque of West Frisian Kletterbuorren, a compound of either kletter (“aspen, Populus tremula”) or klater (“soggy mud”) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”). Compare Kladde, Klaterbuurt, Klatering, Kleuter and Klundert.


Kollumeroudzijl

Calque of West Frisian Kollumer Aldsyl, derived from the toponym Kollum and a compound of âld (“old”) and syl (“discharge sluice”).


Krabburen

First attested as Krabburen in 1899. Calque of West Frisian Krabbuorren, a compound of krab (“crab”) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


Laagland

Calque of West Frisian Leechlân, derived from leechlân (“lowland”).


Lutkelaard

Potentially attested in the 9th century as lanfurt, attested with certainty as Littzie laert in 1511. West Frisian Lytse Leard, derived in turn from lyts (“small, little”) and an unclear second element.


Lutkewier

First attested as lithiaweer in 1481. Borrowed from West Frisian Lytse Weer, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian lithia (“little, small”) and weer (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Oosterbeintum

First attested as osterbinehheim in 944. Calque of West Frisian Easterbeintum, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian aster (“eastern, east-”), bint (“moor grass, Molinia sp.”) and hēm (“home, settlement”).


Oudterp

First attested as older torp and alderterp in the 16th century. Calque of West Frisian Ald Terp, derived from âld (“old”) and terp (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Oudwouderzijlen

Calque of West Frisian Aldwâldmersyl, derived from a compound of the toponym Aldwâld and syl (“discharge sluice”).


Reidswal

First attested as De Reijdswal in 1680. Calque of West Frisian De Reidswâl, derived in turn from a compound of the hydronym Reid and wâl (“embankment wall”).


Scharnehuizen

First attested in 1479. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian Scher (a personal name) or Schern and the plural form of hūs (“house”).


Sibrandahuis

First attested as Sijbranda Huyijs in 1511. Calque of West Frisian Sibrandahûs, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Sibrand (a personal name) and hūs (“house”).


Steenharst

First attested in 1479. Calque of West Frisian Stienharst, a compound of Old Frisian stēn (“stone”) and harst (“overgrown elevated place”). Originally the name of a fortified house.


Steenvak

First attested as int Steenback in 1543. Calque of West Frisian Stienfek, derived in turn from stienfek (“area of a levee filled up with stones around which ground has been excavated”).


Stiem

First attested as Steem in 1511. Borrowed from West Frisian Stiem, derived in turn from the dative plural form of Old Frisian sted (“place, city”). Compare Stedum.


Teerd

First attested as Taert in 1511. Borrowed from West Frisian Teard, potentially derived in turn from a personal name and Old Frisian werd (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”). Compare Kaard and Tjaard.


Teijeburen

First attested as Teijebuurt in 1899. Calque of West Frisian Teiebuorren, derived from a compound of Teije (a personal name) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


Tergracht

First attested as Greft in 1508. Calque of West Frisian Tergrêft, derived from a compound of an inflected form of te (“at”) and Old Frisian greft (“excavated canal”).


Ter Lune

First attested as Ter Luyne in 1664. Borrowed from West Frisian Ter Lune.


Tibma

First attested as tippencheim around 822-856. Derived from West Frisian Tibbema (a surname). The current Frisian form of the toponym is derived from a significantly older variant.


Tilburen

First attested as Tilbuyren in 1664. Calque of West Frisian Tilbuorren, a compound of tille (“fixed bridge”) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


Tiltjeburen

Calque of West Frisian Tiltsjebuorren, a compound of a diminutive form of tille (“fixed bridge”) and the plural form of buer (“home, cottage”).


Vaardeburen

First attested as oeffaerdra buren in the 15th century. Calque of West Frisian Farebuorren, a compound of the otherwise unknown toponym *Oeffaerd and the plural form of Old Frisian buer (“house, barn”).


Veldburen

Calque of West Frisian Fjildbuorren, a compound of fjild (“field, area not in cultivation”) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


Visbuurt

* (Friesland) First attested as Fesckbueren and Vischburen in 1511. Calque of West Frisian Fiskbuorren, a compound of fisker (“fisherman”) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).
* (Noord-Holland) Compound of vis (“fish”) and buurt (“neighbourhood, quarter”). The majority of the neighbourhood's early inhabitants were fishermen.


Weerdeburen

First attested as Werderbuiren in 1572. Calque of West Frisian Weardebuorren, a compound of Old Frisian weerd (“artificial mound used for habitation”) and the plural form of buer (“house, barn”).


Westerburen

Calque of West Frisian Westerbuorren, a compound of wester (“western, west-”) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


Wijgeest

First attested as wygast in 1470. Calque of West Frisian De Wigeast, a compound of an unclear first element and Old Frisian gast (“elevated sandy land”). The element wij was added to distinguish the settlement from Westergeest.


Zandbulten

First attested as ZANDBULTEN in 1851. Calque of West Frisian Sânbulten, a compound of sân (“sand”) and the plural form of bult (“slightly elevated place”).


Damwoude

First attested as dointhimwalde in 1369. Calque of West Frisian Damwâld, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Dantuma (a surname) and wald (“marsh forest, swamp forest”).

a village in Dantumadiel, Friesland, Netherlands


Zwaagwesteinde

First attested as Westereynde in 1503. Compound of the toponym Kollumerzwaag, west (“west-, western”) and einde (“end”).


Veenwouden

First attested as mynen faen vp da walda in 1439. Calque of West Frisian Feanwâlden, a compound of Old Frisian fene (“peat bog, marsh”) and the plural form of wald (“marsh forest, swamp forest”). The settlement was formed through the fusion of the villages of Sint Johanniswoud and Eslawoud.

a village and former municipality of Dantumadiel, Friesland, Netherlands


Broeksterwoude

First attested as De Broek in 1718. Calque of West Frisian Broeksterwâld, a compound of the toponym Broek and wâld (“marsh forest, swamp forest”).


Rinsumageest

First attested as ringesheim around 825-842. Calque of West Frisian Rinsumageast, a compound of the toponym Old Frisian Ringesheim and gast (“elevated sandy land”).


Wouterswoude

/ˌʋɑu̯.tərsˈʋɑu̯.də/

First attested as Walters wald in 1482. Calque of West Frisian Wâlterswâld, a compound of Old Frisian Walter (a personal name) and wald (“marsh forest, swamp forest”).


Driesum

First attested as dresem in 1486-1487. Borrowed from West Frisian Driezum, potentially derived from a compound of Old Frisian Dries (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”). This etymology, however, would make the toponym highly anomalous: Christian names were introduced to Frisia in a time when the hēm element was no longer productive in toponyms. Compare Hanssum and Janum.


Farnhill

en-proper-noun

Farnhill (countable and uncountable, plural Farnhills)

From Old English fearn (“fern”) + hyll (“hill”).

A village and civil parish in Craven district, North Yorkshire, England (OS grid ref SE005465).


De Valom

First attested as Vall-om in 1664. Borrowed from West Frisian De Falom, derived in turn from falom (“ramshackle building”).


Roodkerk

First attested as rada tzerka in 1421. Calque of West Frisian Readtsjerk, a compound of Old Frisian rada (“red”) and tzercka (“church”). Named after a redbrick church dedicated to Saint Martin.


Sijbrandahuis

First attested as Sybrandahuys in 1511. Calque of West Frisian Sibrandahûs, a compound of Sibrand (a personal name) and hûs (“house”).


Kuikhorne

First attested as Kuykhorne and Kuckhorne in 1503. Borrowed from West Frisian Kûkherne, a compound of an unclear first element and Old Frisian horne (“corner of a levee”).

a hamlet in Dantumadiel, Friesland, Netherlands


Oostwoud

* (Noord-Holland) First attested as oestenwoude in 1312. Compound of Middle Dutch oost (“east-, eastern”) and wout (“marsh forest, swamp forest”). The settlement is located to the east of Midwoud and Nibbixwoud.
* (Friesland) Attested as Oestwoldt in 1543. Calque of West Frisian Eastwâld, a compound of east (“east-, eastern”) and wâld (“marsh forest, swamp forest”).

a village in Medemblik, North Holland, Netherlands


Oostermeer

First attested as oestmeer in 1447. Calque of West Frisian Eastermar, a compound of Old Frisian āster (“eastern, east-”) and mar (“lake”).

a village and former municipality of Tytsjerksteradiel, Friesland, Netherlands


Eernewoude

First attested as eerndwaud in 1471. Borrowed from West Frisian Earnewâld, derived from a compound of an unclear first element and Old Frisian wald (“marsh forest, swamp forest”). The first element may be a personal name.

der

a village in Tytsjerksteradiel, Friesland, Netherlands


Eestrum

First attested as esten in 1419. Borrowed from an earlier form of West Frisian Jistrum, a toponym of unknown origin. Compare Eesterga.

unk

unknown


Garijp

First attested as garipe in 1325-1336. Borrowed from West Frisian Garyp, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian gâ (“village, village area”) and ripe (“edge, bank”).


Giekerk

First attested as ghetzercka in 1242. Borrowed from West Frisian Gytsjerk, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Gye (a personal name) and tzercka (“church”).


Hardegarijp

First attested as herdegaryp in 1401. Borrowed from West Frisian Hurdegaryp, derived in turn from a compound of an unclear first element and Old Frisian ripe (“edge, bank”).


Molenend

First attested as Moleneind in 1861. Calque of West Frisian Mûnein, a compound of mûne (“mill”) and ein (“end”). Named after a former windmill.


Noordbergum

First attested as Bergumer heide in 1718. Calque of West Frisian Noardburgum, a compound of noard (“north-, northern”) and the toponym Burgum.


Oenkerk

First attested as ontzerka in 1408. Borrowed from West Frisian Oentsjerk, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Oene (a personal name) and tzercka (“church”).


Oudkerk

First attested as aldakerka in 1421. Calque of West Frisian Aldtsjerk, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian alda (“old”) and tzercka (“church”).


Rijperkerk

First attested as ripikerka in 1314. Calque of West Frisian Ryptsjerk, derived from a compound of the toponym Hurdegaryp and Old Frisian tzercka (“church”).


Suameer

First attested as suwamer and van suudmerra in 1453. Borrowed from West Frisian Sumar, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian sūth (“south-, southern”) and mar (“lake, pool”).


Suawoude

First attested as suwald in 1481. Borrowed from West Frisian Suwâld, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian sūth (“south-, southern”) and wald (“marsh forest, swamp forest”).


Veenwoudsterwal

First attested as Diepswal in 1664. Calque of West Frisian Feanwâldsterwâl, a compound of the toponym Feanwâlden and wâl (“levee, embankment wall”).


Wijns

Potentially attested as weingi in 944, attested with certainty as winenge in 1224. Borrowed from West Frisian Wyns, derived in turn from Old Frisian Wago (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-.


De Joere

First attested as de jouwer in 1448. Etymology uncertain. Compare Hiaure, Joure and De Jouwer.

a hamlet in Tytsjerksteradiel, Friesland, Netherlands


Giekerkerhoek

Calque of West Frisian Gytsjerksterhoeke, a compound of the toponym Gytsjerk and hoeke (“corner”).


Hoogzand

First attested as Hoogzand in 1847. Calque of West Frisian It Heechsân, a compound of heech (“high, elevated”) and sân (“sand”).


Iniaheide

First attested as Lutke Inia in 1718. Calque of West Frisian Iniaheide, a compound of Inia (a surname) and heide (“heath, heathland”).


Kleinegeest

First attested as Lutke Geest in 1543. Calque of West Frisian De Lytse Geast, derived from lyts (“small, little”) and geast (“elevated sandy land”).


Noordermeer

* (Friesland) First attested as nordameer and nordamer in 1432. Calque of West Frisian Noardermar, derived from a compound of Old Frisian north (“north-, northern”) and mar (“lake”).
* (Noord-Holland) First attested as Noore meer in 1575. Compound of noord (“north-, northern”) and meer (“lake”). The toponym contrasts with Zuidermeer.

a hamlet in Koggenland, North Holland, Netherlands


Quatrebras

First attested as Quatrebras sometime after 1864. Derived from French quatre bras (“crossroads”). Originally the name of an inn, which was named as a double reference to its location at a crossroads as well as to Les Quatre Bras near Genappe in Belgium, where William II of Orange repulsed a French attack the day before the Battle of Waterloo on June 16 1815.


Siegerswoude

* (Opsterland) First attested as sigerwolde in 1315. Calque of West Frisian Sigerswâld, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Sieger (a personal name) and wald (“marsh forest, swamp forest”).
* (Tytsjerksteradiel) First attested as sigherswold in 1484. Calque of West Frisian Sigerswâld, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Sieger (a personal name) and wald (“marsh forest, swamp forest”).

a village in Opsterland, Friesland, Netherlands


Suameerderheide

Calque of West Frisian Sumarreheide, a compound of the toponym Sumar and heide (“heath, heathland”).


Witveen

First attested as opt Witte feenen in 1543. Calque of West Frisian It Wytfean, a compound of wyt (“white”) and fean (“peat bog, marsh”). Compare Witteveen.


Zwartewegsend

First attested as Zwartewegsend in 1847. Calque of West Frisian Swarteweisein, a compound of swart (“black”), wei (“way, road”) and ein (“end”). Originally the name of an inn. Named after a nearby road.


Bartlehiem

First attested as Bethlehem in 1232. Derived from Bethlehem, the name of a former Premonstratensian nunnery. The toponym was gradually reinterpreted to a compound of West Frisian Bartle (a personal name) and hiem (“home”).


Baard

First attested as bauwert in 1325. Borrowed from West Frisian Baard, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Bavo (a personal name) and werth (“artificial mound used for habitation”).

a village in Leeuwarden, Friesland, Netherlands


Oosterlittens

Potentially attested as lechinke [read: lethinge] in the second half of the 13th century, attested with certainty as aesterletzenze in 1402. Borrowed from West Frisian Easterlittens, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian āsta (“east-, eastern”) and either Lêta (a personal name) or *leta (“watercourse”) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-. The element easter was added to distinguish the settlement from Westerlittens.


Hijlaard

First attested as elawerth in 1329. Borrowed from West Frisian Hilaard, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Ele (a personal name) and werth (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Huins

First attested as hunenghe in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Húns, derived in turn from Old Frisian Huno (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-.


Jellum

First attested as helmum in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Jellum, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Helm (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”).


Jorwerd

First attested as everwerth in 1221. Borrowed from West Frisian Jorwert, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Ever (a personal name) and werth (“artificial mound used for habitation”).

a village and former municipality of Leeuwarden, Friesland, Netherlands


Mantgum

First attested as mantingum in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Mantgum, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Mante (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi- and hēm (“home, settlement”). Compare Brantgum, Mantinge and Tjeintgum.


Weidum

First attested as wedum in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Weidum, derived in turn from the dative plural form of Old Frisian *wēth (“pasture”).


Hezens

First attested as hessens in 1417. Borrowed from West Frisian Hesens, derived in turn from Hesens (a surname).

a hamlet in Leeuwarden, Friesland, Netherlands


Hoptille

/ˈɦɔpˌtɪ.lə/

First attested as Hoptilla in 1511. Borrowed from West Frisian Hoptille, derived in turn from a compound of an unclear first element and tille (“fixed bridge”). The first element may be hoppe (“dry or nearly dry inlet”).


Schillaard

First attested as scallaert in 1445. Borrowed from West Frisian Skillaerd, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian schil (“seashell”) and werd (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Schrins

First attested as scrinze in 1446. Borrowed from West Frisian Skrins, of unknown etymology. Possibly derived from Old Frisian skerd (“notch”) or *Skarde (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-. Compare Scarcliff.

unk

unknown


Tjeintgum

First attested as szyntinge in 1329. Borrowed from West Frisian Tsjeintgum, derived in turn from Old Frisian *Szynta (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi- and hēm (“home, settlement”). Compare Brantgum and Mantgum.


Wammerd

First attested as wammert in 1493. Borrowed from West Frisian Wammert, potentially derived in turn from Old Frisian Wamme (a personal name) or wan (“bad, poor”) and werd (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Wieuwens

Potentially attested as wijbens in 1504, attested with certainty as Wieuwens of Sprong in 1844. If the oldest attestation refers to the current settlement, a derivation from West Frisian Wibe (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ens is possible. If the oldest attestation does not refer to the current settlement, a derivation from Old Frisian Wieu (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi- is possible.


Friens

First attested as frenigge in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Friens, derived in turn from Old Frisian Frana (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-.


Grouw

First attested as de growe in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Grou, derived in turn from a hydronym derived from Old Frisian growe (“gully”).


Idaard

Potentially attested as edenwerfa in 944, attested with certainty as etwerth in 1314. Borrowed from West Frisian Idaerd, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Eda (a personal name) and werf (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The second element was gradually reinterpreted to wert (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”).


Irnsum

First attested as yrntzom in 1399-1401. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian Irin (a personal name) suffixed with hēm (“home, settlement”). The Dutch form of the toponym is derived from an earlier variant of the Frisian name.


Roordahuizum

First attested as rorthahusum in 1389. Compound of either Old Frisian Roorda (a surname) or the toponym Raerd and the plural form of hūs (“house”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from a significantly older version of the Frisian name.


Warstiens

First attested as wer-steens in 1477. Borrowed from West Frisian Warstiens, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian wer (“parcel, landed property”) and Stening (a surname).


Abbengawier

First attested as abbingweer in 1448. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian Abbinga (a surname) and wier (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from a significantly older version of the Frisian name.


Angwier

First attested as Angweer in 1543. Borrowed from West Frisian Angwier, derived in turn from a compound of an unclear first element and Old Frisian wier (“artificial mound used for habitation”). Compare Engwier.


De Bird

* (Leeuwarden) First attested as berd in 1511.
* (Súdwest-Fryslân) First attested as Bird and Hagena Bird in 1511. Derived from Old Frisian bird (“edge, bank”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier version of the Frisian name.

a hamlet in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Domwier

Potentially attested as demingwere in 1314, attested with certainty as Demweer in 1543. Borrowed from West Frisian Domwier, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Deminga (a surname) and wier (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Gotum

Potentially attested as gottincheim around 825-842, attested with certainty as Gôtum in 1718. Borrowed from West Frisian Goattum, derived in turn from Old Frisian Gote (a personal name) or Gottinge (a surname) and hēm (“home, settlement”).


Naarderburen

First attested as Hennaerderebwren in 1527. Calque of West Frisian Narderbuorren, derived from a compound of the toponym Hinnaard and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


Zuiderend

First attested as t Zuidend, De Soerendt and de Suyrend in the 17th century. Calque of West Frisian Suorein, a compound of suder (“southern, south-”) and ein (“end”). The element suder was added to distinguish the toponym from Noordend.


Oude Leije

/ˈɑu̯.də ˈlɛi̯.ə/

First attested as op ter leya in 1466. Calque of West Frisian Alde Leie, derived in turn from Old Frisian ald (“old”) and leije (“excavated or canalised watercourse”).


Britsum

First attested as bruggiheim in 944. Borrowed from West Frisian Britsum, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian bregge (“bridge”) and hēm (“home, settlement”).


Finkum

First attested as finckum in 1335. Derived from a compound of an unclear first element and Old Frisian hēm (“home, settlement”). The first element is not vinke (“low-quality turf”) or a personal name. The Dutch version of the toponym was borrowed from a significantly older form of the Frisian name.


Hijum

First attested as hehem in 1431. Borrowed from West Frisian Hijum, likely derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Haie (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”).


Jelsum

First attested as heilsum around 1270. Borrowed from West Frisian Jelsum, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Helle (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”).


Cornjum

First attested as coernem in 1423. Borrowed from West Frisian Koarnjum, potentially derived in turn from Old Frisian Curra (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi- and hēm (“home, settlement”). Compare Korhorn, Kornhorn and Korrewegwijk.


Stiens

First attested as steninge in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Stiens, derived in turn from Old Frisian Stêna (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-. Compare Staining and Steyning.


De Groote Bontekoe

Derived from groot (“big”) and the surname Bontekoe. Named after a former inn.


Vensterburen

First attested as Vensterbuyren in 1664. Borrowed from West Frisian Finsterbuorren, a compound of finne (“pasture, swampland”) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


Truurd

First attested as Truyrd in 1540. Borrowed from West Frisian Truerd, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian triu (“tree”) and werth (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Aegum

First attested as agum in 1503. Borrowed from West Frisian Eagum, potentially derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Age (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”).


Goutum

First attested as goeltum in 1366. Borrowed from West Frisian Goutum, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Golde (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”).


Hempens

First attested as hempens in 1463. Derived from Old Frisian *Hempe (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-. The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an older version of the Frisian toponym.


Lekkum

First attested as lackum in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Lekkum, derived in turn from a compound of the hydronym Luts and Old Frisian hēm (“home, settlement”).


Miedum

* (Leeuwarden) First attested as medemma gha in 1415. Borrowed from West Frisian Miedum, derived in turn from the dative plural form of Old Frisian mede (“meadow”).
* (Waadhoeke) First attested as medum in 1417. Borrowed from West Frisian Miedum, derived in turn from the dative plural form of Old Frisian mede (“meadow”).

a hamlet in Waadhoeke, Friesland, Netherlands


Snakkerburen

First attested as Snackerbuyren in 1664. Borrowed from West Frisian Snakkerbuorren, a compound of an unclear first element and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”). The first element may be cognate with Middle Dutch snacker (“yapping dog”) or Dutch Low Saxon snakken (“speak senselessly”).


Swichum

First attested as swygghem in the 14th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Swichum, derived in turn from a compound of an unclear first element and Old Frisian hēm (“home, settlement”). The first element may be a personal name.


Wijtgaard

First attested as wytghardera ny land in 1485. Borrowed from West Frisian Wytgaard, potentially derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian wīt (“white”) and garda (“garden”) or, alternatively, from a surname and werd (“artificial mound used for habitation”). Compare Bilgaard.


Teerns

Potentially attested as terynse in 1397, attested with certainty as thernze in 1427. Borrowed from West Frisian Tearns, presumably derived from Old Frisian There (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-. Compare Tirns.


Baardburen

First attested as brauwert in 1435. Calque of West Frisian Baarderbuorren, a compound of the toponym Brauwert (derived in turn from Old Frisian brâda (“broad”) and wert (“artificial mound used for habitation”)) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


De Drie Romers

Derived from drie (“three”) and the plural form of roemer (“rummer”). Originally the name of an inn.


Marwird

First attested as merwethe in 1314. Borrowed from West Frisian Marwert, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian mar (“lake, pool”) and werth (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Midsburen

Calque of West Frisian Midsbourren, a compound of mid (“mid-, middle”) and the plural form of buer (“home, cottage”).


Noordend

First attested as Noord End in 1664. Calque of West Frisian Noardein, a compound of noard (“north-, northern”) and ein (“end”). The element noard was added to distinguish the toponym from Zuiderend.


Poelhuizen

First attested as De Poelen in 1540. Calque of West Frisian Poelhuzen, a compound of poel (“pool”) and the plural form of hûs (“house”).


Tjaard

First attested as tytzaerd in 1490. Borrowed from West Frisian Tsjaard, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Tyts (a personal name) and werd (“artificial mound used for habitation”). Compare Kaard and Teerd.


Vierhuis

* (De Fryske Marren) First attested as Vierhuysen in 1664. Calque of West Frisian Fjouwerhûs, derived from a compound of fjouwer (“four”) and hûs (“house”). The settlement was probably initially composed of four houses.
* (Leeuwarden) First attested as fyorhustera gued in 1437. Calque of West Frisian Fjouwerhús, derived from a compound of Old Frisian fiūwer (“four”) and hūs (“house”). Originally the name of a manor.

De Fryske Marren
De Fryske Marren#English

a hamlet in De Fryske Marren, Friesland, Netherlands


Schilkampen

First attested as Schilcampen in 1562. Calque of West Frisian Skilkampen, a compound of skyl (“seashell”) and the plural form of kamp (“enclosed piece of land”). The area around the hamlet was formerly used as a storage site for seashells used in the production of chalk.


Boornbergum

First attested as Berghum and Bergum in 1543. Borrowed from West Frisian Boarnburgum, derived in turn from a compound of the hydronym Boarn and the dative plural form of Old Frisian berch (“hill, elevated place”).

der

a village in Smallingerland, Friesland, Netherlands


De Tike

First attested as Teeckeveen in 1541. Borrowed from West Frisian De Tike, presumably derived in turn from tieke (“tick, Ixodida sp.”).


De Veenhoop

First attested as De Veenhoop in 1851-1855. Derived from Middle Dutch veenhoep (“place where turf can be extracted”).


De Wilgen

First attested as De Wilgen in 1580. Calque of West Frisian De Wylgen, derived from the plural form of wylch (“willow, Salix sp.”).


Drachtstercompagnie

First attested as COMPAGNIE (DE) in 1841. Compound of the toponym Drachten and compagnie (“company”).


Goëngahuizen

First attested as Gonyehuisen in 1573. Calque of West Frisian Goaïingahuzen, a compound of Goinga (a surname) and the plural form of hûs (“house”).


Houtigehage

/ˌɦɑu̯.tɪ.ɣəˈɦaː.ɣə/

First attested as Houtige Hagen in 1861. Compound of houtig (“covered in trees and shrubs”) and haag (“enclosed area, fence”).


Kortehemmen

First attested as korteham in 1444. Calque of West Frisian Koartehimmen, a compound of Old Frisian kort (“short”) and him (“inland polder with natural drainage”) or ham (“alluvial land in the bend of a river”).


Nijega

/ˈnɛi̯.əˌɣaː/

First attested as nyegae in 1412. Calque of West Frisian Nijegae, derived in turn from Old Frisian nia (“new”) and gâ (“village, village area”). The element nije was added to distinguish the settlement from Oudega.


Oudega

/ˈɑu̯.dəˌɣaː/

* (Smallingerland) First attested as aldga in 1439. Calque of West Frisian Aldegae, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian ald (“old”) and gâ (“village, village area”). The element âld was added to distinguish the settlement from Nijega.
* (De Fryske Marren) First attested as oldegae in 1412. Calque of West Frisian Aldegea, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian ald (“old”) and gâ (“village, village area”).
* (Súdwest-Fryslân) First attested with certainty as aldakerke in 1245. Calque of West Frisian Aldegea, derived in turn from Old Frisian ald (“old”) and gâ (“village, village area”). The second element was initially kerk (“church”).

a village and former municipality of Smallingerland, Friesland, Netherlands

a village in De Fryske Marren, Friesland, Netherlands

a village in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Opeinde

First attested as wp an endde in 1439. Derived from Middle Dutch opeinde (“upper end”).


Rottevalle

First attested as de Rottevalle in 1622. Calque of West Frisian De Rottefalle, derived in turn from rottefalle (“rat trap, type of sluice which resembles a rat trap”).


Smalle Ee

First attested as smalena in 1230. Calque of West Frisian Smelle Ie, derived in turn from a hydronym derived from Old Frisian smel (“narrow”) and ē (“watercourse”).


Buitenstverlaat

First attested as Verlaat (Het Buitenste) in 1899. Compound of buitenst (“outermost”) and verlaat (“small lift-lock”).

a hamlet in Smallingerland, Friesland, Netherlands


De Gaasten

First attested as die Gasten in 1543. Calque of West Frisian De Geasten, derived from the plural form of gaast (“elevated sandy land”).


De Kletten

First attested as Kletten in 1664. Borrowed from West Frisian De Kletten, potentially derived from the plural form of klit (“burdock, Arctium sp.”).


De Kooi

* (Friesland) Calque of West Frisian De Koai, derived from koai (“duck decoy”).
* (Gorinchem) First attested as Kooi in 1869. Derived from kooi (“duck decoy”).
* (Leiden)

a hamlet in Gorinchem, South Holland, Netherlands


De Puntpaal

Calque of West Frisian De Puntpael, derived in turn from puntpeal (“boundary marker”). The settlement is located close to the provincial border.


Egbertsgaasten

First attested as Egberts Gaesten in 1664. Compound of Egbert (a personal name) and the plural form of West Frisian gaast (“elevated sandy land”).


Hillhead

A hamlet south-east of Huntly, Aberdeenshire council area (OS grid ref NJ5735).

A coastal hamlet near Lybster, Caithness, Highland council area (OS grid ref ND2535)

A small village in South Ayrshire council area (OS grid ref NS4219)

A hamlet in Lostwithiel parish, Cornwall (OS grid ref SX0960).

A village in Kingswear parish, South Hams district, Devon (OS grid ref SX9053).

Southampton Water
Southampton Water#English

A coastal hamlet near Calshot, Fawley parish, New Forest district, Hampshire; not to be confused with Hill Head, east of Southampton Water (OS grid ref SU4801).

A locality in Shilbottle parish, Northumberland (OS grid ref NU1908).


Folgeren

First attested as folgelen in 1543. Calque of West Frisian De Folgeren, derived from the plural form of folger (“newly reclaimed land lying next to old reclaimed land, isolated, low-quality land”). Compare De Volgerlanden.


Galhoek

First attested as De Galhoek in 1851-1855. Calque of West Frisian Galhoeke, of uncertain etymology. The toponym may be a compound of a hydronym, galge (“gallows”) or gagel (“bog myrtle, Mirica gale”) and hoeke (“corner”), although none of the proposed compounds can be confirmed due to a paucity of old attestations.


Luchtenveld

First attested as Luchterveld in 1899. Calque of West Frisian Luchtenfjild, a compound of an unclear first element and fjild (“field”). The first element may be Dutch Low Saxon luchter (“bundle of reeds used as kindling”) or a toponym *Lucht. Alternatively, the toponym may be a compound of lucht (“air”) and veld (“field”), used here as a reference to the open expanse of fields around the hamlet. May have originally been the name of an inn.


Middelburen

First attested as Middelbuiren in 1718. Calque of West Frisian Middelbuorren, a compound of middel (“middle, mid-”) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


Noorderend

Calque of West Frisian Noarderein, a compound of noarder (“northern”) and ein (“end”).


Opperburen

First attested as d' Opperbuiren in 1718. Calque of West Frisian Opperbuorren, a compound of opper (“upper”) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


Siteburen

First attested as Sytebuyren in 1664. Calque of West Frisian Sitebuorren, a compound of Site (a personal name) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


Wierren

First attested as De Wierren in 1700. Borrowed from West Frisian Wierren, derived from the plural form of wier (“clay hill, elevated place”).


Zandburen

* (Friesland) First attested as Sandbuyren in 1664. Calque of West Frisian Sânbuorren, a compound of sân (“sand”) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).
* (Noord-Holland) First attested as Zand Burem in 1839-1859. Compound of zand (“sand”) and the plural form of buur (“cottage, small house”). The element zand was added to distinguish the settlement from Noordburen.

a hamlet in Hollands Kroon, North Holland, Netherlands


Het Zuid

First attested as t Zuyd End around 1700. Calque of West Frisian It Súd, derived from súd (“south”).


Zuiderheide

Calque of West Frisian Suderheide, a compound of suder (“southern”) and heide (“heath, heathland”).


Bakkeveen

First attested as backenvene in 1232-1233. Calque of West Frisian Bakkefean, derived from a compound of Old Frisian Bakke (a personal name) and fene (“peat bog, marsh”).

a village in Opsterland, Friesland, Netherlands


Beetsterzwaag

First attested as suagh in 1315. Calque of West Frisian Beetstersweach, derived in turn from a compound of the toponym Ald Beets and Old Frisian swâg (“pasture, land where cattle is kept”).

der

a village and former municipality of Opsterland, Friesland, Netherlands


Frieschepalen

First attested as Vriesche Palen in 1622. Calque of West Frisian Fryske Peallen, derived from Frysk (“Frisian”) and the plural form of peal (“border, borderland”). The village is located on the border of the province.


Gorredijk

/ˌɣɔ.rəˈdɛi̯k/

First attested as op de Gorredijck and Goeredijck in 1650. Calque of West Frisian De Gordyk, a compound of goarre (“swampy forest soil”) and dyk (“levee”).


Hemrik

First attested as hemericke in 1315. Derived from Old Frisian hemrike (“village area”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier variant of the Frisian name.


Jonkersland

First attested as Jonkersland ('t) in 1899. Calque of West Frisian Jonkerslân, a compound of jonker (“squire”) and lân (“land”). Probably named after Juw Dekama.


Langezwaag

/ˈlɑ.ŋəˌzʋaːx/

First attested as utresuagh in 1315. Calque of West Frisian Langsweagen, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian lang (“long”) and swâg (“pasture, place where cattle is kept”). The element lang was added to distinguish the settlement from Kortezwaag.


Kortezwaag

First attested as urasuagh in 1315. Calque of West Frisian Koartsweagen, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian kort (“short”) and swâg (“pasture, place where cattle is kept”). The element kort was added to distinguish the settlement from Langezwaag.

a hamlet in Opsterland, Friesland, Netherlands


Lippenhuizen

First attested as luppingahusum in 1315. Borrowed from West Frisian Lippenhuzen, derived from a compound of Old Frisian Luppinga (a surname) and the plural form of hūs (“house”). The first element was gradually reinterpreted to lip (“northern lapwing, Vanellus vanellus”). Compare Lippenwoude.


Luxwoude

First attested as lukeswalde in 1315. Borrowed from West Frisian Lúkswâld, a compound of Old Frisian Lukes (a personal name) and wald (“marsh forest, swamp forest”). Compare Lucaswolde.


Nij Beets

First attested as Oud en Nieuw Beets in 1899. Borrowed from West Frisian Nij Beets, derived from nij (“new”) and the toponym Oud Beets.


Olterterp

First attested as utrathorp in 1315. Borrowed from West Frisian Olterterp, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian utra (“outer, outward”) and thorp (“village”). The second element was gradually reinterpreted as terp (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The toponym contrasts with Ureterp.


Terwispel

First attested as wispolia in 1315. Borrowed from West Frisian Terwispel, derived in turn from an inflected form of te (“at”) and the hydronym Wispel, potentially derived from a compound of Old Frisian wisch (“wet pasture”) and pôl (“pool”) or from a verb cognate to Dutch kwispelen (“wave, meander”).


Tijnje

First attested as Tinie in 1718. Borrowed from West Frisian De Tynje, derived in turn from tynje (“fence, fish weir made of withes”).


Ureterp

First attested as urathorp in 1315. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian ûr (“over, upper”) and thorp (“village”). The Dutch version of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier form of the Frisian name. The toponym contrasts with Olterterp.


Wijnjewoude

/ˌʋɛi̯n.jəˈʋɑu̯.də/

Compound of the toponyms Wijnjeterp and Duurswoude, the two villages which fused to form the current settlement.


Allardsoog

First attested as Allartsoog in 1851. Compound of Allard (a personal name) and oog (“eye”). Originally the name of an inn. The inn may have been named after Allart Scheltinga, a nobleman who owned lands near the current hamlet.


Haneburen

First attested as Haneburen in 1861. Calque of West Frisian Hoannebuorren, potentially a compound of a personal name and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


Heidehuizen

First attested as Heyd huysen in 1718. Calque of West Frisian Heidehuzen, a compound of heide (“heath, heathland”) and the plural form of hûs (“house”).


Hemrikerverlaat

First attested as Hemrikerverlaat in 1936. Compound of the toponym Hemrik and verlaat (“small lift-lock”).


Klein Groningen

First attested as Klein Groningen in 1820. Derived from klein (“little”) and the toponym Groningen. Founded by labourers from Groningen.


Nieuwe Vaart

* (Ooststellingwerf) Derived from nieuw (“new”) and vaart (“canal”). Named after a neighbouring canal.
* (Opsterland) First attested as Nye Sloot in 1700. Derived from nieuw (“new”) and vaart (“canal”).

a hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands


Oosterend

* (Súdwest-Fryslân) First attested as aestereyende in 1378. Calque of West Frisian Easterein, derived from a compound of Old Frisian aester (“eastern”) and enda (“end”).
* (Terschelling) First attested as apud Sanctum Nycolaum in 1296. Compound of ooster- (“eastern, east-”) and end (“end, edge”). See also West Frisian Aasterein.
* (Noord-Holland) First attested as oesterenende in 1317. Compound of Middle Dutch ooster (“eastern, east-”) and ende (“end, edge”).
* (Opsterland) Calque of West Frisian Easterein, a compound of easter (“eastern”) and ein (“end”).

a village and former municipality of Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands

a village in Terschelling, Friesland, Netherlands

a village in Texel, North Holland, Netherlands


Oud Beets

First attested as beke in 1315. Borrowed from West Frisian Ald Beets, derived in turn from âld (“old”) and Old Frisian bitze (“brook, stream”). The element âld was added to distinguish the settlement from Nij Beets.


Rolbrug

Derived from rolbrug (“rolling bridge”).


Selmien

First attested as Selmien in 1718. Borrowed from West Frisian Selmien, potentially derived from a compound of syl (“discharge sluice”) and the plural form of miede (“meadow”).


Sparjebird

First attested as Sparrje bird in 1718. Borrowed from West Frisian Sparjeburd, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian *Sparringa (a surname) and burd (“bank, edge”).


Uilesprong

First attested as d Uylesprong in 1718. Borrowed from West Frisian Ulesprong, a hydronym potentially derived from a compound of ôl (“land next to water, humid low-lying land”) and sprong (“double bend of a watercourse”).


Ureterp aan de Vaart

Calque of West Frisian Oerterp oan de Feart, derived from the toponym Oerterp and the name of a nearby road.


Voorwerk

Borrowed from West Frisian Foarwurk, derived from foarwurk (“monastic grange”).


Vosseburen

First attested as Vosseburen in 1861. Borrowed from an earlier version of West Frisian Foksebuorren, a compound of the surname Vos and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”). Named after Anna de Vos, a local inhabitant. The first element was gradually reinterpreted to foks (“fox, Vulpes vulpes”) in Frisian.


Shilbottle

A village and civil parish in east Northumberland, England (OS grid ref NU1908).


Wijngaarden

* (Zuid-Holland) First attested as wingardo in 1181. Derived from the plural form of Middle Dutch wingaert (“vineyard”). The name may have been coined in an ecclesiastical milieu in order to lure colonists to the settlement. Compare Bonrepas, Kockengen, Koekange, Kudelstaart, Schoonebeek and Schoonoord.
* (Friesland) Attested as wyngaerden in 1664. Potentially derived from the plural form of West Frisian wyngerd (“vinyard”) or from the surname Van Wijngaarden. See also West Frisian De Wyngaerden.

a village and former municipality of Molenlanden, South Holland, Netherlands


Wijnjeterpverlaat

First attested as Wynjeterperverlaat in 1936. Compound of the toponym Wijnjeterp and verlaat (“small lift-lock”).


Akkrum

First attested as ackrom in 1315. Borrowed from West Frisian Akkrum, of unknown etymology. Potentially derived from Old Frisian ake (“fish weir”). Various proposed compounds of a personal name or oikonym and hēm (“home, settlement”) do not match the oldest attestations of the toponym.

unk

unknown

a village and former municipality of Heerenveen, Friesland, Netherlands


Oldeboorn

First attested as bornde in 1243. Borrowed from West Frisian Aldeboarn, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian ald (“old”) and the hydronym Boarn.


Henshuizen

First attested as henshuystera gued in 1476. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian Henna (a personal name) or Heense and the plural form of hūs (“house”). The Dutch version of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier form of the Frisian name.

a hamlet in Heerenveen, Friesland, Netherlands


Oude Schouw

First attested as de Oude-Schouw in 1840. Calque of West Frisian Aldskou, a compound of âld (“old”) and skou (“ferry”). Originally the name of an inn.


Oosterboorn

First attested as Oosterboorn in 1846. Calque of West Frisian Easterboarn, compound of easter (“eastern”) and the hydronym Boarn.


Poppenhuizen

First attested as popingha in 1369. Calque of West Frisian Poppenhúzen, a compound of Poppinga (a surname) and the plural form of hûs (“house”).


Calshot

A small coastal village in Fawley parish, New Forest district, Hampshire, England (OS grid ref SU4701).


Warniahuizen

First attested as wantengha huzem in 1438. Calque of West Frisian Warniahúzen, a compound of Old Frisian Wantengha (a surname) and the plural form of hûs (“house”).


Birstum

First attested as bersachon [read: bersathon] in 1315. Etymology uncertain. If the oldest attestation refers to the current settlement, a derivation from a compound of Old Frisian bêre (“barn, house”) or bêr (“manure”) and sâtha (“sod of ground”), sâth (“source, well”) or sate (“dwelling, domicile”) is possible. If the oldest attestation does not refer to the current settlement, a derivation from Birst (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi- is possible.


Pean

First attested as apaen and epaen in 1450. Borrowed from West Frisian Pean, potentially derived from Proto-Germanic *apa (“river, stream”).


Sorremorre

First attested as sudmorra in 1449. Borrowed from West Frisian Soarremoarre, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian sūth (“south-, southern”) and the hydronym Morra (now called Botmar), derived from mora (“bog, marshland”).


Lybster

The harbour was the base for more than 100 boats, and Lybster became the headquarters of one of the 26 fishery districts into which Scotland was divided, controlling the neighbouring harbours of Forse and Clyth and Latheronwheel.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 270:

A coastal village in Caithness, Highland council area, Scotland (OS grid ref ND2435).


Bontebok

First attested as Bonte Bock in 1640. Derived from a compound of bont (“motley”) and bok (“billy goat”). Originally the name of an inn.

a village in Heerenveen, Friesland, Netherlands


De Knipe

First attested as Nieubrongerga in 1622. Borrowed from West Frisian De Knipe, derived in turn from knipe (“lock, artificial narrowing of a watercourse”).


Gersloot

First attested as gerslach [read: gerslath] in 1281. Calque of West Frisian Gersleat, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian gēr (“tapering piece of land”) and slāt (“excavated ditch used to drain an area”).


Gersloot-Polder

Compound of the toponym Gersloot and polder (“polder”).


Hoornsterzwaag

First attested as suage in 1408. Calque of West Frisian Hoarnstersweach, a compound of the toponym Aldhoarne and Old Frisian swâg (“pasture, land where cattle is kept”).


Jubbega

/ˈjʏ.bəˌɣaː/

First attested as jobbegae in 1408. Derived from West Frisian Jobbegea, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Jobbe (a personal name) and gâ (“village, village area”).


Katlijk

First attested as kathaleke in 1315. Borrowed from West Frisian Ketlik, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian katte (“cat, Felis domesticus”), Katte (a personal name) or kat (“type of sluice”) and leka (“natural watercourse”).


Luinjeberd

First attested as lyedingaberde in 1281. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian Ludo (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi- and the dative singular form of bert (“place with houses”).


Haskerdijken

First attested as dijcken in 1465. Borrowed from West Frisian Haskerdiken, a compound of the toponym Aldehaske and the dative plural form of Old Frisian dyk (“levee”).


Mildam

First attested as Meyledam in 1523. Borrowed from West Frisian Mildaam, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Meila (a personal name) and dam (“dam”).


Nieuwehorne

First attested as hoerne cum duabus capellis in 1315. Calque of West Frisian Nijhoarne, derived from a compound of Old Frisian nia (“new”) and hern (“corner of a levee”). The element nij was added to distinguish the settlement from Oudehorne.


Oudehorne

/ˌɑu̯.dəˈɦɔr.nə/

First attested as hoerne cum duabus capellis in 1315. Calque of West Frisian Aldhoarne, derived from a compound of Old Frisian ald (“old”) and hern (“corner of a levee”). The element âld was added to distinguish the settlement from Nieuwehorne.


Nieuweschoot

First attested as nye schoten in 1408. Calque of West Frisian Nijskoat, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian nia (“new”) and scâta (“piece of land which juts upward”). The element nij was added to distinguish the settlement from Oudeschoot.


Oudeschoot

First attested as scoeten and scoten in 1299. Calque of West Frisian Aldskoat, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian ald (“old”) and scâta (“piece of land which juts upward”). The element âld was added to distinguish the settlement from Nieuweschoot.


Oranjewoud

Attested as het Oranjewoud in 1840. Compound of Oranje (a surname) and woud (“wood”). Named after a manor built by princess Albertina of Orange around 1665.


Terband

First attested as bant in 1315. Calque of West Frisian Terbant, derived in turn from a compound of an inflected form of te (“at”) and Old Saxon bant (“area, inhabited area”).


Tjalleberd

First attested as tyanlaberde in 1315. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian Tjalle (a personal name) and the dative singular form of bert (“place with houses”). The Dutch version of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier form of the Frisian name.


Anneburen

* (Heerenveen) Calque of West Frisian Annebuorren, a compound of Anne (a personal name) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”). The hamlet was named after Anne Seizes van der Kerk, who owned a farm in the settlement in the 19th century.
* (Súdwest-Fryslân) First attested as Anne Buiren in 1718. Calque of West Frisian Annebuorren, a compound of Anne (a personal name) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).

a hamlet in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Brongerga

/ˈbrɔ.ŋərˌɣaː/


Schurega

First attested as scueringa in 1408. Borrowed from West Frisian Skuorregea, potentially a compound of an otherwise unattested personal name or Old Frisian skūre (“barn, shed”) and gâ (“village, village area”).


Spitsendijk

First attested as Spitsenbrug in 1853. Calque of West Frisian Spitsendyk, a compound of spits (“tapering, protruding”) and dyk (“levee”).


Sythuizen

First attested as zithahwsen in 1465. Calque of West Frisian Sythuzen, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Sijte (a personal name) and the plural form of hūs (“house”).


Nursling

Nursling and Rownhams
Nursling and Rownhams#English

A suburban village in Nursling and Rownhams parish, Test Valley district, Hampshire, England, just outside the City of Southampton (OS grid ref SU3716).


Rownhams

A suburban village in Nursling and Rownhams parish, Test Valley district, Hampshire, England, just outside the City of Southampton (OS grid ref SU3817).


Appelscha

First attested as appels in 1247 and 1251. Borrowed from West Frisian Appelskea, potentially derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian appel (“apple”) and *skea (“forest”); however, the oldest attestations do not support this etymology.

a village in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands


Donkerbroek

First attested as duncbrueck, dumbraech and dongbroec in 1408. Potentially derived from a compound of Dutch Low Saxon dong (“manure, dung”) and broek (“marsh, marshland”). The first element was gradually reinterpreted to donker (“dark”).


Fochteloo

First attested as fyochtelo in 1408. Potentially derived from a compound of a term cognate to vocht (“moisture”) and lo (“light forest”).


Haule

First attested as die hauwele in 1408. Potentially derived from a term cognate to Old English hafola (“head”), referring here to an elevated place or a protruding piece of land.


Haulerwijk

/ˌɦɑu̯.lərˈʋɛi̯k/

First attested as Haulerwijk in 1844. Compound of the toponym Haule and wijk (“secondary canal in a turf extraction area”).


Langedijke

/ˌlɑ.ŋəˈdɛi̯.kə/

First attested as langedijc in 1408. Compound of lang (“long”) and the dative singular form of Middle Dutch dijk (“levee”).


Makkinga

First attested as Mackinge and Mackingen in 1527. Derived from West Frisian Makkinga (a surname).


Nijeberkoop

First attested as oostbrocop and westbrocop in 1320. Derived from a compound of West Frisian nij (“nieuw”), Old Frisian *brôk (“marsh, marshland”) and kope (“purchase”). The element nij was added to distinguish the settlement from Oldeberkoop.
Compare Benschop, Boskoop, Galecop, Gerverscop, Gieltjesdorp, Hei- en Boeicop, Hekendorp, Hoenkoop, Laag-Nieuwkoop, Middelkoop, Nieuwkoop, Oukoop, Overboeicop, Overheicop, Papekop, Reijerscop, Teckop, Vriezekoop, Willeskop, Elskop, Francop, Grevenkop, Heringskoop, Ladekop, Lüderskoop, Neuenkoop, Nincop and Roßkopp.


Oldeberkoop

First attested as brokope in 1232-1233. Potentially derived from a compound of Old Frisian ald (“old”), *brôk (“marsh, marshland”) and kope (“purchase”). The element âld was added to distinguish the settlement from Nijeberkoop.
Compare Benschop, Boskoop, Galecop, Gerverscop, Gieltjesdorp, Hei- en Boeicop, Hekendorp, Hoenkoop, Laag-Nieuwkoop, Middelkoop, Nieuwkoop, Oukoop, Overboeicop, Overheicop, Papekop, Reijerscop, Teckop, Vriezekoop, Willeskop, Elskop, Francop, Grevenkop, Heringskoop, Ladekop, Lüderskoop, Neuenkoop, Nincop and Roßkopp.


Waskemeer

First attested as Gr. Waske Meer in 1718. Borrowed from West Frisian Waskemar, derived in turn from a compound of West Frisian waskje (“wash”) and mar (“lake”). Originally a hydronym. Compare Wesch.


Rotenberg

de-proper noun

Rotenberg n (proper noun, genitive Rotenbergs or (optionally with an article) Rotenberg)

Rotenbergs (genitive)
Rotenberg (genitive with-article)
Rotenberg (definite nominative singular)
Rotenbergs (definite genitive singular)
Rotenberg (definite genitive singular with-article)
Rotenberg (dative definite singular)
Rotenberg (accusative definite singular)

[ˈʁoːtn̩ˌbɛʁk]

a village, part of the Untertürkheim district of the City of Stuttgart Baden-Württemberg, Germany


Roppolo

a village in the province of Biella, Piedmont, Italy


Aekinga

First attested as Aeckinga in the 17th century. Derived from West Frisian Aekinga (a surname).

a hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands


Bentemaden

Compound of bent (“moor grass, Molinia sp.”) and the plural form of made (“pasture”).


Boekhorst

First attested as Bueckhorst in 1622. Compound of a dialectal form of beuk (“beech, Fagus sp.”) and horst (“overgrown elevated place”).


Bovenveld

Compound of boven (“upper, up-”) and veld (“field”).


Bûterheideveld

Calque of West Frisian Bûteheidefjild, a compound of bûter (“outer”), heide (“heath, heathland”) and fjild (“field”).


Buttinga

First attested as butinge and buttinga in the 17th century. Derived from West Frisian Buttinga (a surname).


De Knolle

First attested as Knolle in 1622. Derived from Middle Dutch cnol (“small hill, end of a levee”).


De Koelanden

Compound of koe (“cow”) and the plural form of land (“land”).


Deddingabuurt

First attested as Doddingebuyrt in the 17th century. Calque of West Frisian Deddingabuorren, a compound of Deddinga (a surname) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”). The second element was gradually replaced by buurt (“hamlet”). Compare Dedgum.


Drie Tolhekken

Derived from drie (“three”) and the plural form of tolhek (“toll-gate”).


Elleboog

Derived from elleboog (“elbow”). The hamlet is located near a sharp bend in a canal.


Hoogeduurswoude

First attested as Hoog Duirswolde in 1718. Calque of West Frisian Hegeduerswâld, derived in turn from a compound of heech (“high, elevated”), Old Frisian Djoerd (a personal name) and wald (“swamp forest, marsh forest”). The element heech was added to distinguish the settlement from Laagduurswoude.


Laagduurswoude

First attested as Leeg Duirswolde in 1718. Calque of West Frisian Leech Duerswâld, derived in turn from leech (“low”) and a compound of Old Frisian Djoerd (a personal name) and wald (“swamp forest, marsh forest”). The element leech was added to distinguish the settlement from Hoogeduurswoude.


Janssenstichting

Attested as P.W. Janssenstichting in 1958. Compound of Janssen (a surname) and stichting (“foundation”). Named after Peter Wilhelm Janssen, an entrepreneur and philanthropist who founded several social organisations and developed land in the Ooststellingwerf area.


Jardinga

First attested as Jardingermark in 1543. Derived from West Frisian Jardinga (a surname).


Koudenburg

First attested as Koudenburg and Koldenburgh in 1718. Compound of koud (“abandoned, not in use”) and burg (“fortified place, castle”).


't Hoogezand

/ət ˈɦoː.ɣəˌzɑnt/

Compound of hoog (“high, elevated”) and zand (“sand”).


Klazinga

Derived from West Frisian Klazinga (a surname).


Medhuizen

First attested as Mathuysen in 1664. Calque of West Frisian Medhuzen, a compound of med (“meadow”) and the plural form of hûs (“house”).


Nanninga

Derived from West Frisian Nanninga (a surname).


Prandinga

Derived from West Frisian Prandinga (a surname).


Rolpaal

* (Friesland) Derived from rolpaal (“pole used to secure a rope pulling a track boat”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Rolpaol and West Frisian Rolpeal.
* (Zuid-Holland) First attested as Rolpaal in 1936. Derived from rolpaal (“pole used to secure a rope pulling a track boat”).

a hamlet in Westland, South Holland, Netherlands


Schrappinga

First attested as Schrappinga in 1622. Derived from West Frisian Schrappinga (a surname).


Terwisscha

First attested as Terwisch and Ter wijsga in 1565. Compound of an inflected form of te (“at”) and wisch (“wet pasture”).


Tronde

First attested as t Ronde in 1622. Derived from Middle Dutch trent (“circumference, boundary line”). The settlement was named for its (initial) circular shape.


Twijtel

First attested as t Dwijtel in 1604. Etymology unknown. One hypothesis proposes a derivation from a compound of West Frisian wiet (“wet”) and lo (“light forest”).

unk

unknown


Veneburen

First attested as vuerbueren in 1543. Calque of West Frisian Finnebuorren, derived in turn from a compound of fean (“peat bog, marsh”) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


Venekoten

First attested as Venekoeten in 1543. Calque of West Frisian Feanekoaten, a compound of fean (“peat bog, marsh”) and the plural form of kot (“cottage, shack”).


Weper

First attested as by Weper in 1543. Borrowed from West Frisian De Weper, of uncertain etymology. Potentially derived from a hydronym derived from or cognate to Old Frisian wapul (“stagnant body of water, swamp”).


Weperpolder

Compound of the toponym Weper and polder (“polder”).


Blesdijke

First attested as blesdic in 1350. Derived from a compound of a variant of either Middle Dutch blasse (“white spot, bald spot”) or a hydronym and dijk (“levee”).

inh

a village in Weststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands


Boijl

First attested as boilo in 1320. Compound of either a term cognate to Dutch Low Saxon Bühl (“small hill”), Middle Dutch Bode (a personal name) or boede (“shack, shed, small wooden building”) and lo (“light forest”).


De Blesse

First attested as ter blesse in 1439. Derived from a variant of Middle Dutch blasse (“light spot, bald spot”).


De Hoeve

First attested as Wester Hoeven in 1718. Derived from hoeve (“farmstead”).


Langelille

/ˌlɑ.ŋəˈlɪ.lə/

First attested as Langelijle in 1580. Potentially a compound of lang (“long”) and dialectal lillen (“shake weakly, shudder weakly”) or the hydronym Linde. Originally the name of a road.


Munnekeburen

First attested as monkeburen in 1243. Calque of West Frisian Munnikebuorren, a compound of monnik (“monk”) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”). The village was founded by monks from Stavoren.


Noordwolde-Zuid

Compound of the toponym Noordwolde and zuid (“south”).


Oosterstreek

First attested as Oosterstreek in 1974. From ooster- (“eastern”) + streek (“row of houses”).


Peperga

First attested as pepergae in 1399. Borrowed from West Frisian Pepergea, a compound of an unclear first element and Old Frisian gâ (“village, village area”). The first element may be a reference to the cultivation of Armoracia rusticana and Lepidium latifolium, both known as peperkruid (pepper herb).


Slijkenburg

First attested as slickenborg in 1398. Compound of slijk (“mud, sludge”) and burg (“manor”). Originally the name of a building.


Sonnega

/ˈsɔ.nəˌɣaː/

First attested as sonnegae in 1399. Borrowed from West Frisian Sonnegae, derived from a compound of Old Frisian Sonne (a personal name) and gâ (“village, village area”).

a village and former municipality of Weststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands


Spanga

First attested as spangghe in 1320. Etymology unknown. Potentially derived from a term cognate to Old English spann (“strip of land”), from Middle Dutch spange (“elongated strip of land”) or from an ancient hydronym. The element gea (“village, village area”) is a later addition that developed under influence from neighbouring toponyms. Compare Spanbroek, Spang, Spangen and Spannum.

unk

unknown


Steggerda

First attested as steggerden and steggarden in 1408. Etymology unknown. Unlikely to be a compound of Old Frisian steg (“narrow road, footpath”) and garda (“garden”). The -da ending developed under the influence of nearby toponyms.

unk

unknown


Ter Idzard

First attested as ydzerde in 1320. Derived from an inflected form of te (“at”) and Old Frisian Idzerda (a surname). Originally the name of a fortified manor.


Vinkega

/ˈvɪŋ.kəˌɣaː/

Potentially attested as bennickegae around 1408, attested with certainty as Finckega and Finckegae in 1542-1543. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian Finke (a personal name) and gâ (“village, village area”).


Zandhuizen

First attested as Santhuesen, Santhuysen and Zanthuys in 1543. Compound of zand (“sand”) and the plural form of huis (“house”).


Boekelte

First attested as Boekholt in 1718. Compound of a variant of beuk (“beech, Fagus sp.”) and holt (“rising deciduous forest”).

a hamlet in Weststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands


Overburen

First attested as Over Buiren in 1718. Calque of West Frisian Oerbuorren, a compound of oer (“over”) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


Rijsberkampen

First attested as rysborcampe in 1429. Calque of West Frisian Rysberkampen, potentially derived from a compound of Old Frisian *rijsbôrt (“waterside where brushwood grows”) and the plural form of kamp (“enclosed piece of land”).


Schoterzijl

First attested as Scoterzyl in 1543. The toponym references a zijl (“discharge sluice”) near Oudeschoot and Nieuweschoot.


Oldeholtpade

First attested as holenpathe juxta liennam in 1204. Compound of oud (“old”), holt (“rising deciduous forest”) and Old Dutch pade (“swamp, marsh”). The element oud was added to distinguish the settlement from Nijeholtpade.


Oldeholtwolde

/ˌɔl.dəˌɦɔltˈʋɔl.də/

First attested as oldeholtwolt in 1320. Compound of oud (“old”), either holt (“rising deciduous forest”) or dialectal hol (“low-lying”) and wold (“marsh forest, swamp forest”). The element oud was added to distinguish the settlement from Nijeholtwolde.


Oldelamer

First attested as oldenlameren in 1320. Compound of oud (“old”) and potentially the hydronym Lemmer or an otherwise unknown toponym Lamer. The element oud was added to distinguish the settlement from Nijelamer.


Oldetrijne

First attested as ostrinde in 1320. Compound of oud (“old”) and Old Frisian trind (“round”). The toponym may derive from the circular shape of the initial village. The element oud was added to distinguish the settlement from Nijetrijne.


Churchill Falls

en:Churchill Falls
en:Sir Winston Churchill

Churchill+falls (“waterfall”). Coined by Joey Smallwood in 1965. From being a waterfall (“falls”) named in honour of Sir Winston Churchill, by Newfoundland premier Joey Smallwood, renamed along with the river it is situated in, just prior to the commencement of the hydroelectric project; renaming from McLean Falls, itself renamed from Grand Falls, which it was labelled instead of the native Innu name Patshishetshuanau.
The community is named after the nearby waterfalls.

Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador#English

A community in Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.


Nijeholtpade

First attested as nyeholepat in 1399 and 1408. Compound of nieuw (“new”), holt (“rising deciduous forest”) and Old Dutch pade (“swamp, marsh”). The element nieuw was added to distinguish the settlement from Oldeholtpade.


Nijeholtwolde

/ˌnɛi̯.əˌɦɔltˈʋɔl.də/

First attested as nieholtwolt in 1320. Compound of nieuw (“new”) and either holt (“rising deciduous forest”) or dialectal hol (“low-lying”) and wold (“marsh forest, swamp forest”). The element nieuw was added to distinguish the settlement from Oldeholtwolde.


Nijelamer

First attested as nienlameren in 1320. Compound of nieuw (“new”) and either the hydronym Lemmer or an otherwise unknown toponym Lamer. The element nieuw was added to distinguish the settlement from Oldelamer.


Grand River

(Churchill River): grand+river. Calque of Montagnais Mishta-shipu Literally, “Great River”. From mishta+shipu.

A number of places in the United States:


Nijetrijne

First attested as nienwestrinde in 1320. Compound of nieuw (“new”) and Old Frisian trind (“round”). The toponym may derive from the circular shape of the initial village. The element nieuw was added to distinguish the settlement from Oldetrijne.


Nijehaske

/ˌnɛi̯.əˈɦɑs.kə/

First attested as nya hascha in 1496. Borrowed from West Frisian Nijehaske, probably derived from a compound of Old Frisian nia (“new”) and *haske (“a species of grass”). The element nij was added to distinguish the settlement from Oudehaske.
The neighbourhood is named after the village.

a village in De Fryske Marren, Friesland, Netherlands


Akmarijp

First attested as ackrommarijp in 1315. Derived from a compound of the toponym Akkrum and Old Frisian ripe (“edge, bank”).


Bakhuizen

First attested as backhuysen in 1412. Calque of West Frisian Bakhuzen, derived from the plural form of bakhûs (“building in which bread and cattle feed were produced”).


Bantega

First attested as Bantega in 1974. Compound of the toponym Bant (derived from bant (“area, inhabited area”)) and West Frisian ga (“village, village area”). Originally called Echtenpolder, a compound of the toponym Echten and polder (“polder”).


Boornzwaag

First attested as bennigaswach in the 13th century. Calque of West Frisian Boarnsweach, a compound of Old Frisian Benninga (a surname) or Bonninga and swâg (“pasture, land where cattle is kept”).


Delfstrahuizen

First attested as nye delfsterhuisen and olde delfsterhuisen in 1408. Borrowed from a compound of West Frisian delf (“dug watercourse”) and the plural form of hûs (“house”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier version of the Frisian name.


Dijken

First attested as In de Dijcken in 1505. Borrowed from West Frisian Diken, derived from the plural form of dyk (“levee”).


Doniaga

First attested as doyenga in 1448. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian Donia (a surname) and gâ (“village, village area”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an older version of the Frisian name.


Echtenerbrug

First attested as Echterbrug in 1718. Compound of the toponym Echten and brug (“bridge”).


Elahuizen

First attested as elahuysen in 1412. Calque of West Frisian Ealahuzen, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Ele (a personal name) and the plural form of hūs (“house”).


Follega

/ˈfɔ.ləˌɣaː/

First attested as ecclesia Folcolfi in the 13th century. Calque of West Frisian Follegea, a compound derived from Old Frisian Folle (a personal name) and gâ (“village, village area”).


Goingarijp

First attested as godinriip in the 13th century. Calque of West Frisian Goaiïngaryp, a compound of the toponym Goaiïnga and Old Frisian ripe (“edge, bank”).


Harich

First attested as with certainty as harich in 1245. Borrowed from West Frisian Harich, derived in turn from Proto-Germanic *harug (“rockpile, holy place”). Compare Hargen, Kethel and Harrow.


Haskerhorne

First attested as hascherahorna in 1333. Calque of West Frisian Haskerhoarne, a compound of the toponym Aldehaske and horne (“corner, bend”).


Idskenhuizen

First attested as eesken hwsen in 1495. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian Eesk (a personal name) or Eeske and the plural form of hūs (“house”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier variant of the Frisian name.


Kolderwolde

First attested as kolderwout in 1398. Calque of West Frisian Kolderwâlde, a compound of the toponym Koudum and Old Frisian wāld (“marsh forest, swamp forest”).


Langweer

First attested as languere in the 13th century. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian lang (“long”) and weer (“plot of land, landed property”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier version of the Frisian name.

a village and former municipality of De Fryske Marren, Friesland, Netherlands


Legemeer

First attested as nouimeis in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Legemar, a compound of leech (“low”) and mar (“lake”). The village was formerly located next to a marshland which may have held the body of water the toponym derives from.


Mirns

First attested with certainty as midlinghe around 1243-1254. Derived from Old Frisian middila (“middle, mid-”) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-. The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier version of the Frisian name.


Oudehaske

/ˌɑu̯.dəˈɦɑs.kə/

First attested as hasca in 1315. Borrowed from West Frisian Aldehaske, probably derived from a compound of Old Frisian ald (“old”) and *haske (“a species of grass”). The element âld was added to distinguish the settlement from Nijehaske.


Nijemirdum

First attested as nuwe merden in 1399. Presumably derived from a compound of Old Frisian nī (“new”) and Proto-Germanic *mari (“lake, pool”) suffixed with the collectivising suffix *-iþi. The element nij was added to distinguish the settlement from Oudemirdum.


Oudemirdum

First attested as mordum in 1245. Derived from a compound of oud (“old”) and presumably a compound of Proto-Germanic *mari (“lake”) suffixed with the collectivising suffix *-iþi. The element âld was added to distinguish the settlement from Nijemirdum.


Oldeouwer

First attested as antiqua huer in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Alde Ouwer, derived in turn from Old Frisian ald (“old”) and ower (“bank, strip of land next to a watercourse”).


Oosterzee

First attested as osterse in 1132. Calque of West Frisian Eastersee, a compound derived from Proto-Germanic *austra- (“eastern”) and *saiwi (“sea, lake”).


Ouwster-Nijega

/ˌɑu̯.stərˈnɛi̯.əˌɣaː/

First attested as Oester Nyegae in 1505. Borrowed from West Frisian Ousternijegea, derived from the toponym Ouwer (derived in turn from Old Frisian ower (“bank, strip of land next to a watercourse”)) and a compound of nī (“new”) and gâ (“village, village area”).


Ouwsterhaule

First attested as haula in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Ousterhaule, derived from a compound of the toponym Ouwer (derived in turn from Old Frisian ower (“bank, strip of land next to a river”)) and potentially a term cognate to Old English hafola (“head”), referring here to an elevated place.


Rijs

First attested as riis in 1333. Likely derived from a term cognate to rijs (“young branch, twig, brushwood”).


Rotstergaast

First attested as rutnergast in 1315. Borrowed from West Frisian Rotstergaast, a compound of the toponym Rottum and Old Frisian gast (“elevated sandy land”).


Rotsterhaule

First attested as rottehaule in 1393. Borrowed from West Frisian Rotsterhaule, a compound of the toponym Rottum and an element potentially cognate to Old English hafola (“head”), referring here to an elevated place.


Ruigahuizen

First attested as rughahusem in 1243-1254. Borrowed from West Frisian Rûgehuzen, a compound of either Old Frisian rug (“rough, wild”) or Roege (a personal name) and the plural form of hūs (“house”).


Scharsterbrug

First attested as Scharsterbrug in 1847. Compound of the hydronym Scharster and brug (“bridge”).


Sint Nicolaasga

First attested as s'tum Nycolaum in the 13th century. Calque of West Frisian Sint Nikelsgea, a compound of the name of Saint Nicholas and Old Frisian gâ (“village, village area”).


Sintjohannesga

First attested as Sint Jansga in 1408. Calque of West Frisian Sint-Jânsgea, a compound of the name of Saint John and Old Frisian gâ (“village, village area”).


Snikzwaag

First attested as sneckswach in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Sniksweach, a compound of Old Frisian snik (“protruding”) and swâg (“pasture, land where cattle is kept”).


Sondel

First attested as syndele in 1422. Borrowed from West Frisian Sondel, potentially derived from a compound of a variant of Old Frisian sond (“sand”) and lo (“light forest”).


Terhorne

First attested as ter herna in 1491. Calque of West Frisian Terherne, derived from an inflected form of te (“at”) and Old Frisian hern (“corner, bend”).


Terkaple

First attested as cappelghe in the 13th century. Derived from a compound of te (“at”) and Medieval Latin cappella (“chapel”), whence Dutch kapel. Named after a chapel built by the Oenema family.


Teroele

First attested as olis in 1482. Borrowed from West Frisian Teroele, a compound of te (“at”) and Old Frisian ôl (“land next to water, humid low-lying land”).


Tjerkgaast

First attested as tzerckgeest in 1413. Borrowed from West Frisian Tsjerkgaast, a compound of Old Frisian tzercka (“church”) and gast (“elevated sandy land”).


Vegelinsoord

First attested as Stobbegat in 1913. Compound of Vegelin van Claerbergen (a surname) and oord (“place”). Originally named after a hydronym. The village was renamed in honour of the Vegelin van Claerbergen family around 1955.


Wijckel

First attested with certainty as wijckel in 1412. Borrowed from West Frisian Wikel, potentially derived from a compound of Old Frisian Wike (a personal name) and lo (“light forest”).


Ballingbuur

First attested as Balling Buir in 1718. Calque of West Frisian Ballingbuer, derived from a compound of Balling (a surname) and buer (“house, cottage”).

a hamlet in De Fryske Marren, Friesland, Netherlands


Bargebek

First attested as Bargebek in 1936. Borrowed from West Frisian De Bargebek, a compound of baarch (“pig”) and bek (“head”). Originally the name of a field shaped roughly like a pig's head.


Boornzwaag over de Wielen

Calque of West Frisian Boarnsweach oer de Wielen, derived from the toponym Boarnsweach, oer (“over”) and the plural form of wiel (“kolk lake”). The settlement is separated from the rest of Boornzwaag by a set of lakes.


Commissiepolle

Compound of commissie (“commission”) and polle (“overgrown sandy hill, elevated place”). Precisely what the element commissie refers to is unclear.


Latty

en-proper noun

Latty (countable and uncountable, plural Lattys)

A village in Paulding County, Ohio, United States.


De Rijlst

First attested as De Kijl[read: De Rijl] in 1700. Borrowed from West Frisian De Rylst, derived in turn from ryl (“clear strip of land in a heathland”).


Delburen

First attested as Delburen in 1861. Calque of West Frisian Delbuorren, a compound of del (“dale”) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


Finkeburen

First attested as Finkeburen in 1851-1855. Calque of West Frisian Finkebuorren, a compound of either Finke (a personal name), vinke (“poor-quality turf”) or fink (“common chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs”) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


Hooibergen

First attested as Hoeyberghe in 1530. Compound of Old Frisian hē (“hay”) and the dative singular form of berch (“hill, elevated place”).


Huisterheide

/ˌɦœy̯s.tərˈɦɛi̯.də/

Derived from a contraction of huis (“house”), an inflected form of te (“at”) and heide (“heath, heathland”). Originally the name of an inn.


Nieuw Amerika

First attested as Nij-Amerika in 1899. Calque of West Frisian Nij Amerika, derived from nij (“new”) and Amerika (“America”). Named after the continent.


Noed

First attested as op die Noed in 1543. Borrowed from West Frisian De Noed, derived in turn from noed (“care, worry”), referring here to a plot of land requiring a lot of maintenance.


Onland

First attested as Onland ('t) in 1899. Calque of West Frisian It Unlân, derived from ûnlân (“swampland, low-quality land”).


Reichenbach im Kandertal

A village and municipality in Bern canton, Switzerland.

Kander (Switzerland)
Reichenbach im Kandertal


Spannenburg

First attested as Spannenberg in 1874. Allegedly named after the owner of the inn around which the settlement developed.


Tacozijl

First attested as taeckazyl in 1475. Calque of West Frisian Teakesyl, a compound of Old Frisian Take (a personal name) and sīl (“discharge sluice”).


Trophorne

First attested as Traphorne in 1511. Derived from a contracted compound of an inflected form of te (“at”), op (“up”) and horn (“corner of a levee”).


Tweehuis

First attested in the early 18th century. Calque of West Frisian Twahûs, a compound of twa (“two”) and hûs (“house”).


Vinkeburen

Calque of West Frisian Finkebuorren, potentially a compound of finke (“low-quality turf”) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


Vrisburen

First attested as Vrisbuiren in the 18th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Frisbuorren, a compound of an unclear first element and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


Westend

A locality in Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf borough, Berlin, Germany.


Westend

Calque of West Frisian Westein, a compound of west (“west-”) and ein (“end”).


Westerend-Harich

Calque of West Frisian Westerein Harich, derived from a compound of wester (“western”), ein (“end”) and the toponym Harich.


Zevenbuurt

First attested as Zevenbuurt in 1936. Compound of zeven (“seven”) and buurt (“hamlet”).


Hohtenn

A village in Valais canton, Switzerland.


Zweilütschinen

From German zwei (“two”), two branches of the Lütschine river.

A hamlet in Gündlischwand, Bern canton, Switzerland.

Lütschine
Zweilütschinen
Zweilütschinen railway station


Deersum

First attested as deersum in 1427. Borrowed from West Frisian Dearsum, likely derived from a compound of Old Frisian *Diuara (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”).

a village in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Poppingawier

/ˈpɔ.pɪŋ.ɣaːˌʋiːr/

First attested as popengwere in 1401. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian Poppinga (a surname) and weer (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier version of the Frisian name.


Rauwerd

First attested as rawertham in the 13th century. Derived from a compound of Proto-Germanic *hriad (“reed”) and Old Frisian werd (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier version of the Frisian name. Compare Raard.

der

a village and former municipality of Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Sijbrandaburen

First attested as zibrandaburghe in 1333. Calque of West Frisian Sibrandabuorren, a compound of Old Frisian Sibrand (a personal name) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).


Terzool

First attested as in zole in 1335. Borrowed from West Frisian Tersoal, derived from a compound of an inflected form of te (“at”) and soal (“ditch, canal”).


Bozum

First attested as bosingum in 1260. Borrowed from West Frisian Boazum, derived in turn from a contracted compound of Old Frisian Bose (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi- and hēm (“home, settlement”). Compare Boesingheliede.


Britswerd

First attested as bretsenewarth in the second half of the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Britswert, derived from a compound of a term related to Old Frisian britsen (“break, shatter”) and werd (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Oosterwierum

First attested as aesterwerum in 1319. Borrowed from West Frisian Easterwierrum, a compound of Old Frisian aester (“eastern”) and the dative plural form of weer (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The element easter was added to distinguish the settlement from Lutkewierum.


Lutkewierum

First attested as liticawerum in 1381. Calque of West Frisian Lytsewierrum, a compound of Old Frisian lītik (“little, small”) (from Proto-West Germanic *lūtil, from Proto-Germanic *lūtilaz) and the dative plural form of weer (“artificial mound used for habitation”) (probably related to *warjan (“to ward off, defend, protect”)). The element lyts was added to distinguish the settlement from Grotewierum.


Hidaard

First attested as hedawere in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Hidaard, derived from a compound of Old Frisian Heda (a personal name) and werd (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Hennaard

Potentially attested as hanwurf [read: hanwurt] in 944, attested with certainty as hernawort in 1319. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian herna (“corner”) and wert (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an older version of the Frisian name.


Itens

First attested as ytzinse in 1381. Borrowed from West Frisian Itens, derived in turn from Old Frisian Ite (a personal name) or Itse suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-.


Kubaard

First attested as cubawerth in the second half of the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Kûbaard, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Cuba (a personal name) and werth (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Roodhuis

First attested as Roodhuis in 1861. Calque of West Frisian Reahûs, a compound of read (“red”) and hûs (“house”). Compare Blauwhuis.


Wieuwerd

First attested as wiwerth in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Wiuwert, derived in turn from Old Frisian Wige (a personal name) or (less likely) *Wieu and werth (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Wommels

First attested as wimelinghe in the second half of the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Wommels, derived in turn from Old Frisian *Winiwald (a personal name) or *Wimila suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-.


Mürren

A mountain village in Bern canton, Switzerland.


Abbega

First attested as abbahem in 1250-1275. Borrowed from West Frisian Abbegea, derived from a compound of Old Frisian Abbe (a personal name) and gâ (“village, village area”). The second element was initially hēm (“home, settlement”).


Allingawier

/ˈɑ.lɪŋ.ɣaːˌʋiːr/

First attested as alingwere around 1275. Borrowed from West Frisian Allingawier, derived from a compound of Old Frisian Ale (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi- and wier (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Breezanddijk

First attested as Breezanddijk in 1973. Compound of the name of the construction island Breezand (derived from a compound of breed (“broad”) and zand (“sand”)) and dijk (“levee”).

a hamlet in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Burgwerd

First attested as borchwarth in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Burchwert, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian burg (“castle, levee”) and werd (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Cornwerd

First attested as quirnifurt in the 9th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Koarnwert, derived in turn from a compound of Proto-Germanic *kwirnu (“quern”) and wrt (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Dedgum

First attested as deddingiuuerbe in 855. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian Deddo (a personal name), likely suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-, and werf (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The second element was gradually replaced by hēm (“home, settlement”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an older variant of the Frisian name. Compare Deddingabuurt.


Exmorra

Potentially attested as aspanmora in 855, attested with certainty as exmorra in the 13th century. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian ēk (“oak, Quercus sp.”) and mora (“moor, bog, place where salt is extracted”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier variant of the Frisian name.


Ferwoude

First attested as forwalda in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Ferwâlde, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian for (“forward, front”) and wald (“marsh forest, swamp forest”).


Folsgare

First attested as ffoldesgare in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Folsgeare, potentially derived from a compound of Old Frisian Foldo (a personal name) and gâra (“protruding piece of land”).


Gaast

First attested as lutekagast in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Gaast, derived in turn from Old Frisian gāst (“elevated sandy land”).


Gaastmeer

First attested with certainty as gersmere in 1245. Calque of West Frisian De Gaastmar, derived in turn from Old Frisian gers (“grass”) and mere (“body of water, watercourse”). The first element was gradually reinterpreted to gaast (“elevated sandy land”). Compare Geestdorp.


Gauw

First attested as ghawe and ghawee in 1482. Borrowed from West Frisian Gau, derived from Old Frisian gawei (“connecting road”). Compare Delfgauw, Gaag and Gawege.


Goënga

/ˈɣoː.ənˌɣaː/

First attested as goingum in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Goaiïngea, derived in turn from the dative plural form of Old Frisian Goinga (a surname) or, alternatively, a compound of Goinga and hēm (“home, settlement”). The element ga (“village, village area”) is a later addition.


Greonterp

First attested as grewingdorp in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Greonterp, a compound of an uncertain first element and Old Frisian dorp (“farmstead, subsidiary settlement”). The first element may be related to greva (“dig, excavate”). The second element was gradually reinterpreted to terp (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Hartwerd

First attested as hertwarth in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Hartwert, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Harte (a personal name) and wert (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Heeg

First attested with certainty as hagakerke in 1245. Borrowed from West Frisian Heech, derived in turn from a compound of Proto-Germanic *hagan (“bush, hedge”) and kerk (“church”).


Hemelum

First attested as hemelem around 1243-1245. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian Hemele (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier version of the Frisian name.


Hichtum

First attested as hetlum [read: hectum] in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Hichtum, potentially derived from Old Frisian *Higt (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”).


Hieslum

First attested as hasalon and hasulun around 825-842. Borrowed from West Frisian Hieslum, probably derived in turn from the dative plural form of Old Frisian hasal (“hazel, Corylus avellana”).


Hommerts

First attested as humerke in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian De Hommerts, potentially derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Huga (a personal name) or the demonym Hugas and merke (“boundary, borderland, delineated area”).


Idsegahuizum

First attested as ytzinghahusum in the 13th century. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian Idsinga (a surname) and the dative plural form of hūs (“house”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier variant of the Frisian name.


Idzega

/ˈɪt.zəˌɣaː/

First attested with certainty as edeswald in 1245. Borrowed from West Frisian Idzegea, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Iddo (a personal name) or Ede and gâ (“village, village area”). The second element was initially wald (“marsh forest, swamp forest”).


IJsbrechtum

First attested as jsbrectum in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Ysbrechtum, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian IJsbrecht (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”).


Indijk

* (Friesland, village) First attested as indyck in 1449. Borrowed from West Frisian Yndyk, derived in turn from Old Frisian indīk (“inland levee, levee running across a low-lying area”).
* (Utrecht) Derived from Middle Dutch indijc (“inland levee”).
* (Friesland, hamlet) First attested as Yndick in 1511. Borrowed from West Frisian Yndyk, derived in turn from Old Frisian indīk (“inland levee, levee running across a low-lying area”).

a hamlet and former municipality of Woerden, Utrecht, Netherlands


Het Heidenschap

First attested as Heijdenscip and Heijdenscop in 1511. Calque of West Frisian It Heidenskip, derived from heidenskip (“overgrown area”).


Jutrijp

First attested as ryp in 1482. Borrowed from West Frisian Jutryp, derived in turn from a compound of an unclear first element and Old Frisian ripe (“edge, bank”). The first element may be Jort (a personal name) or iet (“hole”).


Kimswerd

First attested as kemmerswerth in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Kimswert, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Kemme (a personal name) and werd (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Kornwerderzand

Attested as Kornwerderzand in 1936. Compound of the toponym Cornwerd and zand (“sand”). Originally the name of a sand bar later used as a construction island.


Koudum

First attested as coluuidum in 855. Borrowed from West Frisian Koudum, potentially derived from a compound of Old Frisian col (“charcoal”) and the dative plural form of widu (“forest, brushwood”).


Koufurderrige

First attested as koefoerde, kwfoerde and koefoerdt in 1543. Borrowed from West Frisian Kûfurderrige, derived from a compound of the hydronym Kûfurd and rige (“row of houses, embankment”). The hydronym derives from a compound of ko (“cow”) and furde (“ford”).


Laaxum

First attested with certainty as laxnum in 1245. Borrowed from West Frisian Laaksum, of uncertain etymology. Potentially derived from a prehistoric hydronym.


Loënga

First attested as loinghum in 1335. Borrowed from West Frisian Loaiïngea, derived in turn from the dative plural form of Old Frisian Loijnga (a surname). The element ga (“village, village area”) is a later addition.


Lollum

First attested as lolinghum in the second half of the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Lollum, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Lolle (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”). Compare Lolworth and Lullington.


Longerhouw

/ˈlɔ.ŋərˌɦɑu̯/

First attested as langherahof in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Longerhou, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian long (“long”) and hof (“farmstead, homestead”).


Molkwerum

First attested as molkenhuzen in 1398. Likely derived from a compound of Old Frisian Molke (a personal name) and weer (“plot of land, landed property”) or werve (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an older variant of the Frisian name.


Nijhuizum

First attested as nyahusen in 1449. Borrowed from West Frisian Nijhuzum, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian nī (“new”) and the dative plural form of hūs (“house”).


Nijland

First attested as nova terra in 1230. Calque of West Frisian Nijlân, derived from nijlân (“newly cultivated land”).


Offingawier

/ˈɔ.fɪŋ.ɣaːˌʋiːr/

First attested as vffenwere in the 13th century. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian Offinga (a surname) and wier (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier variant of the Frisian name.


Oosthem

* (village) First attested as aesthem in 1453. Calque of West Frisian Easthim, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian āst (“east”) and hēm (“home, settlement”) or hem (“corner of alluvial land, inland polder”). The element east was added to distinguish the settlement from Westhem.
* (hamlet) First attested as Oestheem in 1525. Calque of West Frisian Easthim, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian āst (“east”) and hēm (“home, settlement”) or hem (“corner of alluvial land, inland polder”).


Oppenhuizen

First attested as upmahusum and upmanhusum in the 13th century. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian upman (“inhabitant of an upstream area, inhabitant of an elevated area”) and the plural form of hūs (“house”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier variant of the Frisian name.


Parrega

/ˈpɑ.rəˌɣaː/

First attested as epangne [read: epenregae] in 1275. Borrowed from West Frisian Parregea, of unknown etymology. Proposed derivations from a personal name or a compound of a demonym derived from Old Frisian up (“up, upper”) and ein (“end”) and gâ (“village, village area”)

unk

unknown


Piaam

First attested as pyangum in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Piaam, likely derived in turn from Old Frisian *Pya (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”).


Pingjum

First attested as penningem and pinnengum in the 13th century. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian Penne (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier version of the Frisian name.


Sandfirden

First attested with certainty as sandforde in 1245. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian sant (“sand”) and forde (“ford, crossing”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier version of the Frisian name.


Scharl

First attested as scarle in 1412. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian schar (“share in communal land”), schaar (“land next to water, bank”) or skerne (“manure”) and lo (“light forest”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier variant of the Frisian name.


Scharnegoutum

Potentially attested as scharnum in 1200, attested with certainty as scharnum in 1347. Potentially derived from a compound of skarne (“manure, dungheap”) and Old Frisian hēm (“home, settlement”) and a compound of Golda (a personal name) or gold (“gold”) and hēm (“home, settlement”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier version of the Frisian name.


Schettens

First attested as sceddanuurthi in 855. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian *Sceddi (a personal name) or *Scetti suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi- and wurthi (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The element wurthi disappeared over time. The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier version of the Frisian name. Compare Schietecoven.


Schraard

First attested as scadawerth in the 13th century. Potentially derived from a compound of Old Frisian skred (“isolated plot of land”) and werd (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier version of the Frisian name.


Smallebrugge

First attested as smalerbrugghen in 1422. Calque of West Frisian Smelbrêge, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian smel (“narrow”) and bregge (“bridge”).


Tirns

First attested as terdenghe in the 13th century. Derived from Old Frisian Teerd (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-. The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier variant of the Frisian name.


Tjalhuizum

First attested as tyelahusum in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Tsjalhuzum, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Tjalle (a personal name) or Tzaling and the dative plural form of hūs (“house”).


Tjerkwerd

First attested as kercwere in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Tsjerkwert, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian tzercka (“church”) and werve (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The second element was gradually reinterpreted to wert (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Uitwellingerga

/œy̯tˈʋɛ.lɪ.ŋərˌɣaː/

First attested as wolprandeskerke in 1328. Originally derived from a compound of Old Frisian Wolprand (a personal name) and tzercka (“church”). The toponym was later renamed to a compound of ūt (“out-, outer”), an otherwise unknown toponym *Wallinge and gâ (“village, village area”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier version of the Frisian name.


Westhem

Potentially attested as westhem, alias hemdijck in the 13th century, attested with certainty as westhem in 1452. Calque of West Frisian Westhim, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian west (“west”) and hēm (“home, settlement”) or hem (“corner of alluvial land, inland polder”). The element west was added to distinguish the settlement from Oosthem.


Wolsum

First attested as wilzen in 1404. Borrowed from West Frisian Wolsum, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Willa (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”). Compare Welsum, Wilsum and Wilsum.


Woudsend

First attested as woldesende in 1337. Calque of West Frisian Wâldsein, a compound of Old Frisian wald (“marsh forest, swamp forest”) and ende (“end”).