Heaven Lake

Thirteenth in population (30,000,000) among the world’s nations, but only 42nd in area, Korea is washed on three sides by salt water—the Japan Sea, the Korea Strait, and the Yellow Sea (see map). It can be said to begin with a mountain, the far northern peak of Paektu (White Head), coated with glistening pumice and sheltering in its ancient crater the deep Dragon Prince’s Pool.

[1950 July 24, “Background for War”, in Time, volume LVI, number 4, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 30:

More than half of the visitors to Changbaishan are families, and many come from big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou in the south.[…]
Many visitors also make the journey up the mountain, about 12 miles from the resort, in a series of buses and death-defying van rides — a day trip that affords the meteorologically fortunate with a view of Heaven Lake in its crater.

2015 August 11, Anna Fifield, “‘Is this really China?’ Euro-style resort offers a slow haven for a new elite.”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-09-10, World:

Today the volcano that straddles the border between China and North Korea is tranquil. Hot springs simmer on the surrounding peaks, wild blueberries grow on its green slopes and a crystal-clear pool called Heaven Lake fills its crater.

2016 December 9, Nicholas St. Fleur, “Only a Rumbling Volcano Could Make North Korea and the West Play Nice”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-12-09, Science:

Moon and Kim took a cable car together to Heaven Lake, a caldera at the top of the mountain, and walked around the area with their wives and officials from both sides.
Pictures showed Moon and Kim smiling and posing with their wives, and Moon filling a bottle with water from the lake.
“The Chinese envy us because they can’t go down to the lake from their side but we can,” Kim said.
“We should write another chapter of history between the North and the South by reflecting our new history on this Heaven Lake.”

2018 September 20, Hyonhee Shin, Joyce Lee, Soyoung Kim, Haejin Choi, Pyongyang Press Corps., “Fulfilling a dream, South Korea's Moon visits sacred North Korean mountain with Kim”, in Lincoln Feast, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2018-11-13, World News:

It left behind a spectacular caldera, with steep walls plunging down from the rim to the shores of Chonji crater lake -- Heaven Lake in English -- with the China frontier running through its placid blue waters.
Made up of rainwater and snowmelt, it is the source of the two rivers that form the border, the Tumen running to the northeast and the Amnok to the southwest, known as the Yalu in China, where the mountain is called Changbaishan.

2019 September 19, “The cataclysm that created a Korean icon”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-04-30:

A lake in Mount Paektu on the border between Jilin, China and Samjiyon, Ryanggang Province, North Korea.


璧山

/pi⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pi⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Bishan (a district and former county of Chongqing, China)


Seriqbuya

Borrowed from Uyghur سېرىقبۇيا (sëriqbuya).

Details of the assault were sparse, but the news agency said the attackers in Selibuya had been armed with knives and axes. Calls to the authorities in Kashgar, about 100 miles from the police station, and in the nearby town of Bachu were not answered.[…]
The deputy chief of the police station at Selibuya, Hesen Ablet, told Radio Free Asia that when he got to the station after being summoned to assist, “there were already four or five bodies lying on the ground.”

[2013 November 17, Jane Perlez, “9 Attackers and 2 Officers Reported Killed in Tense Western China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-11-18, Asia Pacific:

As with the Baren incident, there are official and alternative accounts of the events reported in Seriqbuya Town, Maralbeshi (Ch. Bachu) County, Kashgar Prefecture, on 23 April 23 2013.

2019, Pablo A. Rodríguez-Merino, “Old ‘counter-revolution’, new ‘terrorism’: historicizing the framing of violence in Xinjiang by the Chinese state”, in Central Asian Survey, volume 38, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 35:

Prison authorities transferred the prisoners’ bodies to police stations in various Maralbeshi townships, including Seriqbuya, about one week prior to Eid, which marks the end of the Islamic holy month of Ramadan, said a source in Maralbeshi.
The residential committee employee contacted by RFA said she visited Metniyaz’s family about 40 days ago to monitor his funeral.
The delivery of the body created a stir in Seriqbuya town, witnesses said.

2023 May 24, Shohret Hoshur, “Uyghur motorcycle repairman’s corpse released by prison in Kashgar prefecture”, in Roseanne Gerin, Malcom Foster, editors, Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2024-02-01, RFA Uyghur:

A town in Maralbexi, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


Mazartag

Borrowed from Uyghur مازارتاغ (mazartagh).

In the course of marine incursion and sedimentation, the sea only reached the Wuqia area during the late Eocene, but in Palaeocene - middle Eocene, marine conditions extended eastwards into the desert of the Mazartag area, and southwards, probably into the Aqqik area of Lop.

1996, Zhou Zhiyi, W. T. Dean, editors, Phanerozoic Geology of Northwest China, Beijing: Science Press, →OCLC, page 125:

Several small mountain ranges and chains, composed of sandstones and clays of Cenozoic age (i.e., formed within about the past 65 million years), rise in the western part of the desert. The arc-shaped Mazartag Mountains, located between the Hotan and Yarkand (Ye’erqiang) river valleys, arch toward the southwest.

2011, “Major and Other Notable Deserts of the World”, in John P. Rafferty, editor, Deserts and Steppes, 1st edition, Encyclopedia Britannica, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 106:

Two days later I was in the middle of the Taklamakan desert. I had driven there, along a new road that cuts past a major landmark, the low lying ridge of the Mazartag mountains that come to an abrupt end at the Hetian river. There’s a ruined Tibetan fort on the top of the mountains’ end, overlooking the river. It dates from the 18th century when the Tibetan empire stretched northwards to the Tianshan mountains. Below the fort was the site of a resupply point from the expedition. I wanted to show my children.[...]
We had an eventful drive through a blinding sandstorm, a couple of police checkpoints, and then along a sandy track off the main road that was too much for the car. We dug it out. Then the rain began—rain, in the desert. We set up camp and cooked supper. The wind had died to nothing. It was a beautiful evening. In the west the Mazartag ridge glowed red in the setting sun.

2013 August 25, Mark Kitto, “Phantom enemies”, in Prospect, archived from the original on 2013-08-27, Essays:

A mountain range in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China, in the Taklamakan Desert.


Kosrap

Sources contacted by the UAA were not able to confirm the details of the account in the official reports. However, sources living nearby the village where the raid is thought to have taken place – a village called Kosrap in Aktu County, around 20 miles south of Kashgar – do report a significantly increased security presence. UAA’s sources claim police are checking identity papers and searching vehicles in the vicinity of Kosrap Village; meanwhile, official reports claim that police are still searching for people who escaped from the alleged camp, supposedly either before or during the raid.

2007 January 9, Uyghur American Association, “East Turkestan: Claims of Uyghur Terrorism Still Lack Substance”, in Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, archived from the original on 2010-09-03:

A township in Akto, Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


Koxlax

Hotan River, 400 mi/644 km long, S XINJIANG UYGUR AUTONOMOUS REGION, NW CHINA; rises in KUNLUN mountains in two branches—the Karakax (left) and the Yurungkax (right), which form the HOTAN RIVER at Koxlax; flows N, through TAKLIMAKAN DESERT, but rarely reaching the TARIM.

2008, Saul B. Cohen, editor, The Columbia Gazetteer of the World, 2nd edition, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 1607, column 2:

The upper reaches encompass the river source to the mountain pass, and the middle reaches extend from the mountain pass to the intersection (ie, Koxlax) of the two tributaries. The lower reach includes the river section between the Koxlax and Xiaota Hydrologic Stations with a length of 319 km.

2016, Hongwei Guo et al., “Study of suitable oasis scales based on water resource availability in an arid region of China: a case study of Hotan River Basin”, in Environmental Earth Sciences, volume 75, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

The waters of two rivers, the Yurungkash or Baiyu he 白玉河 (White Jade River) and the Karakash or Heiyu he 黑玉河 (Black Jade River), were indispensable for establishing human culture in Khotan. These two rivers unite near Koxlax (about 200 km north of Khotan) and together form the Khotan River.

2021, The Buddha’s Words and Their Interpretations, Shin Buddhist Comprehensive Research Institute, →ISBN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-10-24, page 137:

A village in Hotan County, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


Ulugqat

Geluo Ridge on the upper reaches of the Kizil River is in present-day Ulugqat (Ulugchat), an important mountain pass for going beyond China’s territory on the Silk Road.

1989, Muqi (车慕奇) Che, “From Kizil Thousand-Buddha Grottoes to Kizil River Valley”, in 丝绸之路今昔 [The Silk Road, Past and Present], Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 241:

"Any idea what Paul was doing in Xinjiang?"
"No. The country around Ulugqat is still a forbidden zone."

2004, Old Boys, 1st edition (Fiction), The Overlook Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 18:

One village school near Ulugqat county close to China’s western border said students were prohibited from entering mosques, according to a party-affiliated news site, Pingan Net.

2014 July 4, Michael Martina, “Muslims in China's Xinjiang told to ignore Ramadan customs”, in Nick Macfie, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-08-16, World News:

A county of Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


平邑

/pʰiŋ³⁵ i⁵¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ jɐp̚⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ i⁵¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ jɐp̚⁵/

(～縣) Piungyi (a county of Linyi, Shandong, China)


武寧

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

/mou̯¹³ nɪŋ²¹/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

/mou̯¹³ nɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Wuning (a county of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China)


宜黃

/i³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jiː²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

/i³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jiː²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Yihuang (a county of Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China)


永修

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yongxiu (a county of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China)


吉水

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

(～縣) Jishui (a county of Ji'an, Jiangxi, China)


Gia Hưng

[zaː˧˧ hɨŋ˧˧]

[jaː˧˧ hɨŋ˧˧]

[jaː˧˧ hɨŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Gia Hưng.wav

[…] sau khi nhà Tống chạy về phương Nam, Gia Hưng gần kinh sư, quang cảnh lại càng náo nhiệt.

2005 [1957–1959], chapter 1, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Nhà xuất bản Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Kim Dung [Jin Yong]:

[…] after the Song empire retreated south, Jiāxīng found itself close to the capital and the place grew even more bustling.

Jiāxīng (a prefecture-level city of Zhejiang, China)


桓仁

/xu̯än³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/xu̯än³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

滿族自治縣 滿族自治縣#Chinese

(～滿族自治縣, ～縣) Huanren (an autonomous county of Benxi, Liaoning, China)


撫松

/fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/fuː³⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

/fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/fuː³⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

(～縣) Fusong (a county of Baishan, Jilin, China)


Renhuai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 仁懷 /仁怀 (Rénhuái).

Upon entering Szechwan they found that the province was strongly defended by both the Central and the local government troops. Therefore they turned back to Tsunyi, pushed on to Jenhuai and Maot’ai where the Red soldiers bathed their tired feet in pools of the vintage wine for which Maot’ai was famous.

[1965, Jerome Chʼên, “The Long March”, in Mao and the Chinese Revolution, Oxford University Press, →OCLC, page 190:

Near the city of Renhuai, a foundation stone has already been laid for Maotai Airport, The Dongfang Daily has reported.

2012 May 30, Didi Kirsten Tatlow, “Do You Know the Way to Wuliangye?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-05-31, Asia Pacific:

A county-level city of Zunyi, Guizhou, China.


宜豐

/jiː²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yifeng (a county of Yichun, Jiangxi, China)


蓮下

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/nõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ e³⁵/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/nõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ e³⁵/

(～鎮) Lianxia (a town in Chenghai district, Shantou, Guangdong, China)


大封民

/tä⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ min³⁵/

/taːi̯²² fʊŋ⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

/tä⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ min³⁵/

/taːi̯²² fʊŋ⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

(historical) The name used by Nanzhao (an ancient state that flourished in present-day Yunnan, China, during the 8th and 9th centuries), from 878 until its demise in 902.


歡口

/xu̯än⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xu̯än⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Huankou (a town in Fengxian, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China)


泰和

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ wɔː²¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ wɔː²¹/

(～縣) Taihe (a county of Ji'an, Jiangxi, China)


樂安

/lɤ⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/lɔːk̚² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/lɤ⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/lɔːk̚² ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Le'an (a county of Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China)


弋陽

/jɪk̚² jœːŋ²¹/

/ɦiɪʔ¹¹ ɦiã²³/

/ɦiɪʔ²² ɦiã⁵¹/

/jɪk̚² jœːŋ²¹/

/ɦiɪʔ¹¹ ɦiã²³/

/ɦiɪʔ²² ɦiã⁵¹/

(～縣) Yiyang (a county of Shangrao, Jiangxi, China)


安福

/ˀän⁵⁵ fu³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ fʊk̚⁵/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋouʔ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² hɔk̚³²/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² hɔk̚³²/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔk̚³²/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔk̚³²/

/ˀän⁵⁵ fu³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ fʊk̚⁵/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋouʔ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² hɔk̚³²/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² hɔk̚³²/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔk̚³²/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔk̚³²/

(～縣) Anfu (a county of Ji'an, Jiangxi, China)


萬載

/wän⁵¹ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːn²² t͡sɔːi̯³⁵/

/wän⁵¹ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːn²² t͡sɔːi̯³⁵/

(～縣) Wanzai (a county of Yichuan, Jiangxi, China)


鳳慶

/fɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/fʊŋ²² hɪŋ³³/

/fɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/fʊŋ²² hɪŋ³³/

(～縣) Fengqing (a county of Lincang, Yunnan, China)


安龍

/ˀän⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

(～縣) Anlong (a county of Qianxinan prefecture, Guizhou, China)


قشمير

ar-proper noun

قِشْمِير • (qišmīr) m

قِشْمِير (canonical)
qišmīr (romanization)
قِشْمِير (definite diptote informal singular)
قِشْمِيرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
قِشْمِيرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
قِشْمِيرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)

From Sanskrit कश्मीर (kaśmīra) probably via Middle or Classical Persian کشمیر (kašmir)

كَشْمِير كشمير#Arabic

alternative form of كَشْمِير (kašmīr): Kashmir (a contested geographic region of South Asia in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, located between (and de facto divided between) India, Pakistan and China)


Kaying

From Chinese 嘉應 /嘉应, likely via Cantonese.

Four of the Maryknoll territories are in South China, the Vicariates of Kongmoon, Wuchow and Kaying and the Prefecture of Kweilin.

1940, John Joseph Considine, When the Sorghum Was High: A Narrative Biography of Father A. Donovan of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, A Maryknoll Missioner Slain by Bandits in Manchukuo, Longmans, Green and Co., →OCLC, page 181:

He had been vicar‐general from 1956 to 1966. He was previously a missionary in Kaying in southern China, receiving the assignment in 1938.

1978 November 29, “Rev. John F. Donovan, A Maryknoll Vicar, 71”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-02-08, Section B, page 12:

In 1925, the Paris society offered Maryknoll another territory in the northeast corner of Kwangtung Province, inhabited by Hakka-speaking people. Father Ford was put in charge, picking Kaying, the Hakka cultural center, as his own main base, and set about developing the area.

1990, Albert J. Nevins, American Martyrs: From 1542, Our Sunday Visitor, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 139–141:

Interestingly, Nakagawa cites a Chinese translation of Campbell that was published in 1951 by the Perak Public Association of the Hakkas and also in 1923 in Kaying, translated by a Hakka of Meixian district.

1994, Nicole Constable, “The Construction of Hakka Identity”, in Christian Souls and Chinese Spirits: A Hakka Community in Hong Kong, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 36:

She sadly bade farewell to the Sisters, who were returning to Jiaying (or Meixian), Guangdong Province, from Hong Kong. With foreseeable dangers ahead of them, the Sisters prepared for the worst in China.

[2004 November, Cindy Yik-yi Chu, “Difficult Years, 1937–1951”, in The Maryknoll Sisters in Hong Kong, 1921-1969: In Love with the Chinese, Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 48:

After his ordination, he was sent as a Missionary to Guangdong, China. He was appointed the first bishop of Kaying on June 18, 1935. While he was the bishop of Kaying, he built a seminary for the education of native-born Chinese priests.

2016, Landon J. DePasquale, “Ford, Francis Xavier”, in George Thomas Kurian, Mark A. Lamport, editors, Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States, volume 2, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 904, column 1:

A former prefecture of Guangdong, China; now Meizhou.


楓亭

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/hɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɛŋ¹³/

/hɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɛŋ²⁴/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/hɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɛŋ¹³/

/hɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɛŋ²⁴/

(～鎮) Fengting (a town in Xianyou, Putian, Fujian, China)


歙州

/ʂɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʂɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

She Prefecture (a prefecture in ancient China centering on modern-day She County, Anhui)


Xuancheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 宣城 (Xuānchéng).

On that very day half of a large Japanese force was trapped and completely destroyed near Hsuancheng in East China, 80 miles south of Nanking. It was a Chinese victory which not only helped along the celebration of Double-Ten Day, but added the right note to another important event of the moment, the formal inauguration of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek as President of the Republic.

[1943 October 18, “Double-Ten Day”, in Pathfinder, Washington, D.C.: Pathfinder Company, →OCLC, page 13, column 2:

Trees and houses are submerged by floodwater in a village in Xuancheng, in east China’s Anhui province.

2016 July 21, Angela Fritz, “This year’s monsoon floods are the second-costliest on record in China”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-07-22, Capital Weather Gang:

Take Zhou Hua, the owner of a factory in Xuancheng, China, that months ago made children’s clothing. In February, as the coronavirus swept across his country, he rushed to buy mask machines and spent roughly $500,000 transforming his plant.

2020 April 3, Jack Nicas, “It’s Bedlam in the Mask Market, as Profiteers Out-Hustle Good Samaritans”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-04-03:

A prefecture-level city of Anhui, China.


Longtan

A forest fire brigade member transfers vegetables in Longtan District, Jilin of northeast China's Jilin Province, March 30, 2022.

2022 April 2, “Xinhua Photo Daily April 2, 2022”, in huaxia, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2022-04-02:


桃山

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～區) a district of Qitaihe, Heilongjiang, China

(～鎮) a township in Tieli, Yichun, Heilongjiang, China


Heze

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 菏澤 /菏泽 (Hézé).

The army under Prince Sengalintsin, a famous Manchu general, was surrounded at Hotse in southwestern Shantung, and its supplies were cut off.

[1959 August, “Nien Movement and National Minority Risings”, in Tung Chi-ming [董集明], editor, An Outline History of China [簡明中国历史] (China Knowledge Series), Second edition, Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, pages 233-234:

The official New China News Agency said that five hours after the quake 30 people in Heze and Dongming Counties in Shandong had been reported dead. Several thousand houses in Heze County were destroyed, the agency said.
Authorities in Heze County, on the border between Anhui and Shandong Provinces, said that casualty reports were sketchy but that one death and up to 100 injuries had been recorded in their area.
The quake jolted most residents from their beds. Nearly everyone was asleep, said Li Jimin, a government official in Heze, 400 miles south of Peking.

1983 November 8, “QUAKE IN CHINA KILLS AT LEAST 30”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, page A6:

First, Communist rule had already proved unhealthy for certain kinds of businessmen in the liberated areas due to the ban on trade in many types of non-essential consumer items. We have already noted the resentment this caused among merchants in and around the town of Hotse, Shantung, even though the Communists were trying to be “especially polite” to the business community there.

[1999, Suzanne Pepper, Civil War in China: The Political Struggle 1945-1949, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 367:

At the same time, heavy rain in Shandong province's Heze county meant chaos for railway timetables, including the Beijing-Kowloon line.

2004 July 18, “Flooding swamps many provinces, and more to come”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-06-14:

The eastern city of Heze is allowing some home buyers to pay lower down-payments for their purchases, two sources with direct knowledge of the matter said late on Thursday, among the first cities easing the borrowing rule.[…]
The housing regulator of Heze, a city of 8.79 million in Shandong province, has not officially announced the move.

2022 February 18, Shuyan Wang, Liangping Gao, Jason Xue, Ryan Woo, “Chinese cities ease home purchase down-payments to reignite demand”, in Richard Pullin, Kenneth Maxwell, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-02-18:

A prefecture-level city of Shandong, China.


Shamian

No Chinaman, except those employed by foreigners, is allowed to cross any of the bridges over the stream, which completely surrounds the foreign settlement, and makes the suburb of Shameen a perfect island.

[1879 [1877 March 1], Anna Brassey, “To Canton Up the Pearl River”, in A Voyage in the 'Sunbeam': Our Home on the Ocean for Eleven Months, 6th edition, Toronto: Rose-Belford Publishing, →OCLC, page 383:

Last year, more than 1,500 American families came to this hotel to lodge, tour and shop while waiting to have their adoptions approved by Chinese and American authorities.
Because the hotel is located in the consulate district on Shamian Island, a tiny, flowery strip of land that is tethered to the city of Guangzhou (formerly known as Canton), there is no better place to stay.

2003 March 31, David Barboza, “A Chinese Hotel, Full of Proud American Parents”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-01-28:

Today, Shamian Island is a shadow of its former self. For the 85 years leading up to the first Opium War between China and Britain in 1841, it was the centre of the universe for foreigners doing business in China, being the only port open to foreign trade.

2004 August 25, Michael Taylor, “Past waits patiently for a blast”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-11-05:

A less bustling, less overwhelming — okay, I’ll say it — more Westernized part of town is Shamian Island, a territory created as a result of the Second Opium War and deeded to the British and French in 1859. Americans arriving for adoptions come here to process the papers. (The U.S. Consulate General operates from four locations scattered throughout Guangzhou. A centralized building, now under construction, is expected to open in 2013.)
On a rare solo excursion, I wander Shamian’s broad pedestrian walkway, lined with elegant Baroque, neo-classical and Palladian architecture.

2012 January 7, Necee Regis, “In Guangzhou, China, plenty to discover — and to buy”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-10-23, Travel:

“Significant work remains,” Froman told a business lunch at a venue on Shamian Island, on the banks of the Pearl River, a historical trading port for China and the West over centuries past, in the city formerly known as Canton.

2015 November 22, James Pomfret, Michael Martina, “U.S. pushes China on market access, little progress seen”, in Nick Macfie, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-08-27, Business News:

An island of Liwan district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.


潢川

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Huangchuan (a county of Xinyang, Henan, China)


옌지

Yanji (a county-level city of Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)


Yanji

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 延吉 (Yánjí)

Yenchi (alternative)
Yenki (alternative)

The influx into the Chientao (間島) of Corean farmers, hunters, and trappers had long been a burning question before the Governments of China and Japan finally agreed by the Chientao Convention of 1909 or China-Corean Frontier Agreement to recognize the Tumen river as the boundary between Corea and China, and to open Lungchingtsun (龍井村) along with three other places to foreign residence and trade. A Chinese Custom House was accordingly opened here on 1st January 1910, but was made subordinate to the Hunchun (琿春) Customs.² It remained in this subordinate position till July 1924 when the head office was transferred to Lungchingtsun,³ while Hunchun—at which in accordance with the Manchurian Convention of 1905 a Custom House had been opened on 27th December 1909—fell into the position of a branch office. The reason for this deposition of Hunchun was the advent in 1923 of the T’ien T’u (天圖) light railway which running through Lungchingtsun to Yen Chi Fu (延吉府) connected both places with the frontier district of Kaishantun, and thence through Kainei (Hui Ning 會甯) to the Corean port of Seishin.

[1938, Stanley F. Wright, “From the Revision that Failed to the Peking Tariff Conference of 1925-1926”, in China's Struggle for Tariff Autonomy: 1843-1938, Paragon Book Gallery, →OCLC, page 406:

In eastern Manchuria alone, there is a growing tendency to refuse to surrender among the army units stationed in Helong and Yanji; thousands of soldiers, in groups or individually, have already risen up in Wangqing, Antu and other districts.

1980 [1931 December 16], Il-sung Kim, “On Organizing and Waging Armed Struggle Against Japanese Imperialism”, in Kim Il Sung Works, volume 1, Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House, →OCLC, page 38:

In a separate case, North Korea in April sentenced 62-year-old Kim Dong-chul to 10 years in prison with hard labor for “perpetrating . . . subversive plots and espionage” against the state.
Kim, who became an American citizen in 1987 and lived in Fairfax County, Va., moved in 2001 to the Chinese city of Yanji, on the border with North Korea.

2016 September 24, Anna Fifield, “North Korea shows no sign of wanting to talk about releasing two Americans”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-09-24, Asia & Pacific:

I traveled from Yanji to Dandong, along China’s border with North Korea, to learn how tensions are affecting life there.

2017 September 26, Chris Buckley, “Snapshots Along the River Where China Meets North Korea”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-09-26:

A county-level city of Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China.


도문

Tumen (a county-level city of Yanbian, Jilin, China)


투먼

zh-m

圖們／图们 (Túmén)


광저우

Borrowed from Mandarin 廣州／广州 (Guǎngzhōu).

Guangzhou (the capital and largest city of Guangdong, China)


Dongying

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for the Mandarin 東營 /东营 (Dōngyíng).

2) THIS EQUIPMENT IS CONSIGNED TO THE CHINA PETROLEUM AND GAS EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, PEKING, FOR INSTALLATION AT TUNGYING, SHANTUNG PROVINCE, AND AT HSIENHSIANG, HONAN PROVINCE, WITH TWO SYSTEMS AT EACH LOCATION OPERATING INDEPENDENTLY OF EACH OTHER (I.E. UNCONNECTED) FOR USE IN OIL EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT, E.G. WELL-LOGGING AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA DERIVED FROM WELL-LOGGING AND PERFORATING EQUIPMENT.

[1976, “State Department Cable”, in US State Department, page 2:

Laura and Michael Knotts, instructors in the English department, have accepted one-year teaching appointments in the People's Republic of China. They will teach American and British Literature, Business and Technical Writing, Composition, and Conversational English at the East China Petroleum Institute in Dongying, Shandong Province.

1985 June 6, “Knottses Going to China”, in Campus Communique, volume XIV, number 40, UNCW Development Office, →OCLC, page 3:

The announcement of the revised death toll by the Dongying city government, which administers Lijin County, said that some of the bodies were “blown to pieces” and that family members’ “mood was stable.”

2015 September 7, Austin Ramzy, “Report on Toll From Shandong Blast Is Called ‘Coldblooded’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-21:

Chinese President Xi Jinping on Wednesday inspected the ecological conservation work at the estuary of the Yellow River in the city of Dongying during his inspection tour in east China’s Shandong Province.

2021 October 21, “CCTV+: Xi inspects ecological conservation work at Yellow River estuary”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-29:


西遼河

/ɕi⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

Xiliao River, West Liao River (a river in China)


蘆山

/lu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～縣) Lushan (a county of Ya'an, Sichuan, China)


شانقهاي

acw-proper noun

شانْقْهاي • (šānghāy) f

شانْقْهاي (canonical)
šānghāy (romanization)

From Chinese 上海 (Shànghǎi, literally “Upon-the-Sea”).


深澤

/ʂən⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/ʂən⁵⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

(～縣) Shenze (a county of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China)


府谷

/fu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fuː³⁵ kʊk̚⁵/

/fu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fuː³⁵ kʊk̚⁵/

(～縣) Fugu (a county of Yulin, Shaanxi, China)


Pengyang

Pengyang county was administered by Guyuan before 1988. In contrast to Guyuan, Pengyang is relatively wealthy. Farmers earn a considerable income through tobacco cultivation, which can yield an annual gross income of Rmb 1,500-2,000 per mu. In 1996, the cultivated area of tobacco in Pengyang was 11,000 mu.⁷

2004, Peter Ho, “The Wasteland Auction Policy in Northwest China: Solving Environmental Degradation and Rural Poverty?”, in Rural Development in Transitional China: The New Agriculture, →ISBN, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 125:

A woman boils water in a kettle using solar energy panels at a village of Pengyang county, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, December 4, 2007. China wants rich economies to back a fund to speed the spread of greenhouse gas-cutting technology in poor nations as it seeks to persuade delegates at global warming talks the focus of responsibility belongs on the West.

2007 December 4, “China wants Bali talks to back technology fund”, in Nick Macfie, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-07-21, Environment:

The southern counties were relatively less developed during 2002 to 2004. In 2002, there was only one county with a normal development level and there were two (Jixi and Jingyuan) that were at the 'undeveloped' level. This situation for the Southern Province worsened in 2003: four counties (Jixi, Jingyuan, Haiyuan and Pengyang) were at the 'undeveloped' level. In 2004, Pengyang County upgraded to 'underdeveloped'; however, the other three counties were still undeveloped.

2009, “Fuzzy Sets in Regional Development Analysis: A case study of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Western China”, in Huhua Cao, editor, Ethnic Minorities and Regional Development in Asia, Amsterdam University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 60:

Pengyang County is on the rim of the south of Ningxia's Hui Autonomous Region. It is on the east side of Liupan Mountain.

2016, Lili Xun, “Intra-county Migration in Ningxia—A Case Study of Pengyang County and Xiji County”, in Ecological Migration, Development and Transformation: A Study of Migration ..., →DOI, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 136:

A county of Guyuan, Ningxia autonomous region, China.


白洋淀

ㄅㄞˊ ㄧㄤˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ

ㄅㄞˊ ㄧㄤˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ

/paɪ̯³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/paːk̚² jœːŋ²¹ tiːn²²/

/paɪ̯³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/paːk̚² jœːŋ²¹ tiːn²²/

Baiyang Lake (a lake in Baoding, Hebei, China)


Jingyuan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 涇源／泾源 (Jīngyuán).

The sex ratio in the 35-39 and older age groups among the Mongolian people in Inner Mongolia was over 110, while that of the 65 plus age group was as high as 138. In other places, such as the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in Xinjiang and the Jingyuan County in Ningxia, the sex ratio of the old people was also high.

1988, “Population of Minority Nationalities”, in New China's Population, Macmillan Publishing Company, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 205, column 1:

Yongning county is only 12.9 percent Hui, a relatively small minority in contrast to neighboring Lingwu county in the southeast, which is 47 percent Hui, and southern Jingyuan county, which is 97 percent Hui (the highest concentration of Hui in one county in China, see Map 2).

1991, Dru C. Gladney, Muslim Chinese, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 119:

A resident of Lizhuang village, Liupanshan town, Jingyuan county, Ningxia Hui autonomous region named Liu Fangying sews handbags at a factory that was established for poverty alleviation purposes in Shizi village known as Quanxiang on March 18, 2020. She commutes to work because she does not live nearby and usually packs a lunch to save time.

2020 March 24, Jingyan Teng, “Poverty alleviation factories resume operations in Ningxia”, in China Internet Information Center, archived from the original on 2021-04-21:


Jingyuan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 靖遠／靖远 (Jìngyuǎn).

North-west of Lanzhou, it attains a maximum thickness of 334 m, while in Jingyuan County, Gansu Province, a thickness of 505 m has been reported (Huang et al., 2000).

2013, Andrew S. Goudie, “Aeolian Geomorphology”, in Arid and Semi-arid Geomorphology, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 133:


Longde

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 隆德 (Lóngdé).

For fifteen miles, as far as the district city of Lung-te Hsien, the road runs direct east up a valley and was in excellent condition.

[1914, Alexander Hosie, On the Trail of the Opium Poppy, volume I, Boston: Small, Maynard & Company, →OCLC, page 146:

In a personal interview with Prof. Chen Zhongxiang from Ningxia University in September 1999 I was told that 85 per cent of the budget of Longde county come from taxes of its suspended village Chahu in Pingluo county.

2004, Peter Ho, Rural Development in Transitional China: The New Agriculture, →ISBN, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 189:

In a water pollution case of China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation (CBCGDF) v. Longde County People's Government of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and other eight defendants, the plaintiff CBCGDF claimed that Longde County Government was negligent in supervision and tolerated for a longtime local enterprises to discharge pollutants into the river, resulting in pollution of the drinking water source in the downstream of Jingning County.

2020, “Claims in Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation in China: Problems and Solutions”, in Sustainability and Law: General and Specific Aspects, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 394:


Xiji

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 西吉.

Huo Kui-hua, a Hui woman from Hsi-chi Hsien, accused Ma at the meeting and said that during the “April 2” revolt Ma Chen-wu’s bandit followers in Hsi-chi Hsien forced her father to join them. Because her father refused to comply, these bandits first cut off his legs and then burned him to death.

[1972, Donald E. MacInnis, “Religion and Feudalism”, in Religious Policy and Practice in Communist China: A Documentary History, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 170:

Muslim villagers here in southern Ningxia, known as the Hui Autonomous Region, say that no official from the Xiji County government, 20 miles away, has ever hiked into this desperately poor hamlet to offer assistance to the peasants, most of whom cannot afford to send their children to school and for whom medical care is nonexistent.

1996 October 26, Patrick E. Tyler, “In China's Outlands, Poorest Grow Poorer”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-26, World:

In Xiji County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, boarding school students ate nothing but potato noodles. They were found to have vitamin C, calcium and iron deficiencies.

2011 April 1, Annie Wei, “Microbloggers bring rural students a free lunch”, in Beijing Today, →OCLC, page 3, column 2:

A monitor shows the vital signs of a victim who was injured during a stampede at a mosque, in a hospital in Xiji county of Guyuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region January 5, 2014 in this picture released by Chinese official Xinhua News Agency.

2014 January 5, Jonathan Standing, “Stampede at China religious event kills 14: state media”, in Michael Perry, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-07-21, Emerging Markets:


Yuanzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 原州 (Yuánzhōu).

Yuanzhou District of Ningxia Province
At the onset, it should be clarified that upon the start of the Tsinghua Education-to-Aid-the-Poor Project, Yuanzhou district was far more advanced than Huade County in the area of distance education. Since 2000, Yuanzhou district has been involved in two national projects—"Applying Information Technology in Education" and "Modern Distance Education in Rural Areas"—both of which are funded by the Chinese government in partnership with certain international organizations.

2008 April, Richard C. Larson, M. Elizabeth Murray, “Distance Learning as a Tool for Poverty Reduction and Economic Development: A Focus on China and Mexico”, in Journal of Science Education and Technology, volume 17, number 2, Springer, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 182, column 2:

Ma, 52, has served as secretary of the Yinchuan Youth League Committee, head of the general office of the Ningxia Hui autonomous region Youth League and deputy party secretary of Guyuan county.
He was promoted to deputy party secretary of Yuanzhou district of Guyuan city in 2002 and in 2006 became deputy head of the forestry administration.

2012 December 17, Pinghui Zhuang, “Ningxia Hui official faces corruption inquiry”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-12-30:

A district of Guyuan, Ningxia autonomous region, China.


Jingdezhen

/ˈd͡ʒɪŋ.də.d͡ʒən/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 景德鎮 /景德镇 (Jǐngdézhèn).

The Ming age is also deservedly famous for its ceramics. The well-known imperial potteries in Chingtechen (Kiangsi) were founded in 1369, and quickly became a major centre producing a beautiful translucent white ware.

[1984, Witold Rodzinksi, “Mongol Rule and Ming Restoration”, in The Walled Kingdom: A History of China from 2000 BC to the Present, London: Fontana Paperbacks, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 162:

Now that tradition is being revived at the roots. Young people are moving to study in Jingdezhen, a river town in the southern Chinese province of Jiangxi.

2017 January 31, Edward Wong, “Ancient Porcelain Arts Thrive Again in a Chinese River Town”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-02-01, Asia Pacific:

A prefecture-level city of Jiangxi, China, known for porcelain.


清溪

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Qingxi (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


무정

[ˈmu(ː)d͡ʑʌ̹ŋ]

autonomous prefecture
autonomous prefecture

Wuding (an autonomous prefecture, a Chuxiong in Yunnan, China)


鄜州

/fu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/fu⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Fu Prefecture (an ancient prefecture of China)


HRD

The Huanghe River Delta (HRD) has rich resources and is being developed on a large[…]On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of environment and resources in the HRD, this[…]

1996 September, Xu Xuegong, “The systematic structure of the environment and resources of the Huanghe River Delta”, in Chinese Geographical Science, volume 6, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Spatial differentiation and dynamic changes in micro-geomorphology were studied based on acoustic data interpretation from a wide range (3 200 km2) of the Huanghe (Yellow) River delta (HRD).[…]There were seven typical micro-geomorphologic features in the shallow and surface areas of the HRD, including buried ancient channels, stratigraphic disturbances, scour troughs, sand waves, pits, erosional remnants, and sand spots.[…]From the perspective of acoustic profile interpretations, the scale, range, and spatial locations of the micro-geomorphology in the HRD revealed seasonal variation characteristics, and the spatial distributions displayed significant regional differentiation characteristics.

2023 April 28, Ping Li, Yongde Jin, Wei Gao, Xiaolong Zhao, “Spatial differentiation and dynamic mechanism of micro-geomorphology based on acoustic spectrum data of the Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta”, in Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, volume 41, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-04, Abstract:

Huanghe River Delta
Huanghe River Delta#English

Yellow River Delta
Yellow River Delta#English

Initialism of Huanghe River Delta (= Yellow River Delta): a geographic region of China, on the Yellow River/Huanghe, at its delta regions by the Shandong Peninsula, on the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean.


渦河

/ku̯ɔ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/ku̯ɔ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

Guo River (a river in Henan and Anhui, China)


北辛

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵⁵/

Beixin (a village in Tengzhou, Shanxi prefecture, China), site of the Beixin culture


博山

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pɔːk̚³ saːn⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pɔːk̚³ saːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Boshan (a district of Zibo, Shandong prefecture, China)


北豐

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Beifeng (an ancient county of China; modern Wafangdian), site of Feng Hong's escape


Jinshi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 津市 (Jīnshì).

The centuries-old coins were first unearthed on a farm in the southern Hunan province in the 1960s, where they had been kept inside a small glazed pot. They arrived at Jinshi City's museum in the 1980s, and archaeologists have been puzzling over their markings ever since, the Xinhua news agency reports. Now the museum says it'll hand out 10,000 yuan ($1,500; £1,100) to anyone who can help to shed light on the meaning of the coins' etchings.

2016 February 17, “China museum offers reward to decode historic coins”, in BBC News, archived from the original on 2016-03-19, News from Elsewhere:

A county-level city of Changde, Hunan, China.


飛鸞

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ lu̯än³⁵/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ lu̯än³⁵/

(～鎮) Feiluan (a town in Jiaocheng district, Ningde, Fujian, China)


大汶口

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ wən⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ wən⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Dawenkou (a town in Daiyue district, Tai'an, Shandong, China), site of the Dawenkou culture


大中

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

a historical polity in southern China, led by Gao Shengtai


岡州

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

an ancient province of China; modern Jiangmen; also used as a symbol of Hoisanese / Sze Yup identity


溝幫子

/koʊ̯⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/koʊ̯⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

(～鎮) a township in Jinzhou, Liaoning, China


渭州

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

a historical prefecture of China in modern Gansu and Ningxia

a historical prefecture of China in modern Hunan

a historical prefecture of China in modern Liaoning


Đài Sơn

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ səːn˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˦˩ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˦˩ səːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ ʂəːŋ˧˧]

[ʔɗaːj˨˩ səːŋ˧˧]

Taishan (a county-level city of Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


Tuyền Châu

[twiən˨˩ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[twiəŋ˦˩ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[t⁽ʷ⁾iəŋ˨˩ cəw˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 泉州, composed of 泉 (“spring”) and 州 (“province”).

vi-etym-sino

Quanzhou (a prefecture-level city in southeastern Fujian, China)


淮西

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

west of the River Huai, a region in China


淮東

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

east of the River Huai, a region in China


蘭考

/län³⁵ kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/län³⁵ kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～縣) Lankao (a county of Kaifeng, Henan, China)


望城

/wɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/mɔːŋ²² sɪŋ²¹/

/wɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/mɔːŋ²² sɪŋ²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Wangcheng (a district and former county of Changsha, Hunan, China)


春申

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/

“yǐmǎo cánlà, yóu Héngbīn dā fǎlún fù Chūnshēn, zài Tàipíngyáng”

《乙卯殘臘，由橫濱搭法輪赴春申，在太平洋》

《乙卯残腊，由横滨搭法轮赴春申，在太平洋》

In the eleventh month of the jihai year [1599], we were sailing on the Chunshen River [Huangpu River]

己亥子月，泛舟春申之浦

(poetic) Alternative name for 上海 (Shànghǎi, “Shanghai (a city in China)”).


申城

/ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/


伊吾盧

/i⁵⁵ u³⁵ lu³⁵/

/i⁵⁵ u³⁵ lu³⁵/

Yiwulu (a historical place in China; modern Hami)


伊吾

/jiː⁵⁵ ŋ̍²¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ ŋ̍²¹/

For pronunciation and definitions of 伊吾 – see 咿唔 (“sound of recitation”).
(This term is a variant form of 咿唔).

zh-see

Yiwu (a historical place in China; modern Hami)


鄯州

/ʂän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʂän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

a historical prefecture of China, located in modern-day Ledu District, Haidong, eastern Qinghai province, northwest China


思州

/sz̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

a historical prefecture of China, located in modern-day Guizhou province, southwest China


松陽

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Songyang (a county of Lishui, Zhejiang, China)


Fuyuan

In the Pacha Island area in Fuyuan County of Heilungkiang Province, China, Soviet troops, after provoking the July 8 armed conflict, have incessantly dispatched many gunboats and aircraft to intrude into that area for various provocative activities.

1969 September [1969 August 19], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, “Chinese Government Lodges Strong Protest With Soviet Government”, in Liberation, volume 2, number 11, Pragati Printers, page 96:

The tiger, one of two to enter China from Russia’s Amur border region, bit and killed 15 goats and left another three missing on Sunday and Monday on a farm in Heilongjiang province’s Fuyuan county, China’s official Xinhua News Agency reported.

2014 November 26, “Putin’s tiger ravages goat farm in northeast China”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2025-06-04:

The attacks took place Sunday night at a farm on Heixiazi Island of Fuyuan County in Heilongjiang Province, south of Siberia,[…]

2014 November 26, Edward Wong, “Another Feline Incursion From Russia Into China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-11-27, Asia Pacific:

A county-level city of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.


冠隴

/ku̯än⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

1960 June 9, 海客 [hǎikè], “潮州歇後語淺釋”, in 星洲日報 [Sin Chew Jit Poh]:

Guànlǒng qīnqíng — yòu lái (yòu lái). Cháoyǔ: qīnqíng jiùshì qīnqī. Guànlǒng, shì Cháozhōu Chénghǎi Xiàn de yīge xiāngcūn, dàgài yǐqián shì chūchǎn yòu de yuángù, suǒyǐ Guànlǒngrén dào tāxiāng de qīnqījiā, duōshù dài yòu zuò shǒuxìn, Guànlǒng qīnqī hé yòu zìrán'érrán de liánjié zàiyīqǐ, Guànlǒng qīnqī yī láidào, yòu yě jiù lái le. “yòu lái” hé “yòu lái” tóngyīn, fán yīge rén qù le yòu lái, rénmen biàn huì shuōchū zhè yījù lái kāi wánxiào.

冠隴親情——柚來（又來）。潮語：親情就是親戚。冠隴，是潮州澄海縣的一個鄉村，大概以前是出產柚的緣故，所以冠隴人到他鄉的親戚家，多數帶柚做手信，冠隴親戚和柚自然而然的連結在一起，冠隴親戚一來到，柚也就來了。「柚來」和「又來」同音，凡一個人去了又來，人們便會說出這一句來開玩笑。

冠陇亲情——柚来（又来）。潮语：亲情就是亲戚。冠陇，是潮州澄海县的一个乡村，大概以前是出产柚的缘故，所以冠陇人到他乡的亲戚家，多数带柚做手信，冠陇亲戚和柚自然而然的连结在一起，冠陇亲戚一来到，柚也就来了。「柚来」和「又来」同音，凡一个人去了又来，人们便会说出这一句来开玩笑。

(～鄉) Guanlong (a former village in Chenghai, Guangdong, China)


冠山

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Guanshan (a former village in Chenghai, Guangdong, China); (～社區) Guanshan (a community in Chenghai district, Shantou, Guangdong, China)


卓爾庫特

ㄓㄨㄛˊ ㄦˇ ㄎㄨˋ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄓㄨㄛˊ ㄦˇ ㄎㄨˋ ㄊㄜˋ

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

卓尔库特
著果特/着果特
著果特沁/着果特沁

an ancient city in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China, located in modern-day Luntai County, Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, southeastern Xinjiang, western China


Lake Khanka

Partial calque of Russian о́зеро Ха́нка (ózero Xánka)

partial calque

о́зеро Ха́нка

More recently, Colonel Pontiata, a Russian explorer, reported the existence of rich alluvial deposits on the Morena, not far from Lake Khanka. The Morena is in the extreme eastern portion of Manchuria and is a tributary of the Oussouri.

1898, “Gold and Silver”, in Richard P. Rothwell, editor, The Mineral Industry, its Statistics, Technology and Trade, in the United States and Other Countries to the End of 1897., volume VI, New York, London: The Scientific Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 280:

While deciduous forests form the dominant type of vegetation, considerable areas are covered by the so-called Amur steppes, located in the Amur region, along the lower Amur River, and around Lake Khanka.

1951, Theodore Shabad, “Soviet Far East”, in Geography of the USSR; A Regional Survey, New York: Columbia University Press, →OCLC, page 313:

Lake Khanka (or Hanka), called by the Chinese Hsing-K’ai-Hu, lies on the border between eastern Manchuria and the extreme southern panhandle of the Soviet Far East known as the Maritime Kray.

1965, “Lake Khanka”, in Standard Encyclopedia of the World's Rivers and Lakes, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 136, column 1:

Chinese endurance swimmer Zhang Jie is aiming to learn how to sleep and eat on the go before attempting a record 40-hour open water marathon across Lake Khanka in August.

2010 April 28, Nick Mulvenney, “Fearless Zhang aims to eat and sleep in 40-hour swim”, in Patrick Johnston, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-07-31:

A Siberian tiger that wandered into a Russian village from China was videotaped attacking a car, terrifying its occupants, and then literally running over a female farmer as villagers attempted to scare it away from the area.
The incident occurred in the village of Turiy Rog in the Russian province of Primary^([sic – meaning Primorsky/Primorye]) on the northwestern shore of Lake Khanka.

2021 April 28, David Strege, “Siberian tiger attacks car, runs over farmer in scary encounters”, in USA Today, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-04-28:

A lake on the border between Mishan, Jixi, Heilongjiang, China and Primorsky Krai, Russia.


Boli

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 勃利 (Bólì).

The construction project of the (Taoshan) Reservoir, the largest one ever built in Heilungkiang, is under way. Located 10 kilometers east of the Chitaiho Municipality in Poli County, the reservoir will have a total water storage capacity of 648 million cubic meters.

[1978 November 15 [1978 September 24], “Heilungkiang Reservoir”, in Translations on People's Republic of China, number 467, U. S. Joint Publications Research Service, sourced from Harbin Heilungkiang Provincial Service, translation of original in Mandarin, →OCLC, page 55:

In Heilongjiang Province alone, 14 graphite deposits are reported, with 1 occurrence near Jixi City reportedly containing 300 Mmt of surface-minable material (31) and another large deposit located in the Heling area of Boli County.

1987, Catharine T. Fogg, Edward H. Boyle, Jr., “Major CPEC Flake Graphite Producers”, in Flake and High Crystalline Graphite Availability—Market Economy Countries: A Minerals Availability Appraisal, number 9122, Bureau of Mines, United States Department of the Interior, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 40, column 1:

The upper part of the combo photo taken in 2008 shows Wang Xifa working at home in Hengtai Village of Boli County, northeast China's Heilongjiang Province.

2018 December 17, “Migrant workers contribute talents to development of China's cities”, in ZX, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2020-08-10:

A county of Qitaihe, Heilongjiang, China.


鳳翔

/fɤŋ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/fʊŋ²² t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/fɤŋ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/fʊŋ²² t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Fengxiang (a district and former county of Baoji, Shaanxi, China)


Morze Żółte

Morze Żółte (nominative singular)
Morza Żółtego (genitive singular)
Morzu Żółtemu (dative singular)
Morze Żółte (accusative singular)
Morzem Żółtym (instrumental singular)
Morzu Żółtym (locative singular)
Morze Żółte (singular vocative)

Literally, “Yellow Sea”. Calque of Chinese 黃海 /黄海 (Huáng Hǎi).

Yellow Sea (a sea in China, North Korea and South Korea)


軹城

→ English: Zhicheng

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Zhicheng (a town in Jiyuan, Henan, China)


Cheng'an

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 成安 (Chéng'ān).

He said that the eight places of worship in a village in Chengan County in Hebei were bustling with life during the twice-daily Bible classes, and weekly masses, as well as at major festivals such as Easter land Christmas.

[1995, China Since Tiananmen, M.E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 203:

Photos obtained by CNN from an attendee at a village funeral in Cheng'an County in Hebei Province show mourners of all ages, including children, watching the performance.
The attendee, who asked not to be identified, said he was visiting family during the Lunar New Year holiday. While he was there, one of the elderly villagers died so he went to the funeral.

2015 April 24, Euan McKirdy, “What a send-off: China's funeral strippers told to cover up”, in CNN, archived from the original on 2015-04-24:


زاۋا

zawa (romanization)
زاۋا (impersonal nominative)
زاۋالار (impersonal nominative)
زاۋانىڭ (genitive impersonal)
زاۋالارنىڭ (genitive impersonal)
زاۋانى (accusative impersonal)
زاۋالارنى (accusative impersonal)
زاۋاغا (dative impersonal)
زاۋالارغا (dative impersonal)
زاۋادا (impersonal locative)
زاۋالاردا (impersonal locative)
زاۋادىن (ablative impersonal)
زاۋالاردىن (ablative impersonal)
زاۋادىكى (impersonal locative-qualitative)
زاۋالاردىكى (impersonal locative-qualitative)
زاۋادىكى (nominative singular)
زاۋالاردىكى (nominative plural)
زاۋادىكىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالاردىكىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋادىكىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالاردىكىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋادىكىگە (dative singular)
زاۋالاردىكىگە (dative plural)
زاۋادىكىدە (locative singular)
زاۋالاردىكىدە (locative plural)
زاۋادىكىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالاردىكىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋادىكىگىچە (limitative singular)
زاۋالاردىكىگىچە (limitative plural)
زاۋادىكىدەك (singular)
زاۋالاردىكىدەك (plural)
زاۋادىكىچىلىك (equative singular)
زاۋادىكىچە (equative singular)
زاۋالاردىكىچىلىك (equative plural)
زاۋالاردىكىچە (equative plural)
زاۋاغىچە (impersonal limitative locative-qualitative)
زاۋالارغىچە (impersonal limitative locative-qualitative)
زاۋادەك (impersonal locative-qualitative)
زاۋالاردەك (impersonal locative-qualitative)
زاۋاچىلىك (equative impersonal)
زاۋاچە (equative impersonal)
زاۋالارچىلىك (equative impersonal)
زاۋالارچە (equative impersonal)
زاۋانىڭكى (impersonal representative)
زاۋالارنىڭكى (impersonal representative)
زاۋانىڭكى (nominative singular)
زاۋالارنىڭكى (nominative plural)
زاۋانىڭكىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالارنىڭكىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋانىڭكىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالارنىڭكىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋانىڭكىگە (dative singular)
زاۋالارنىڭكىگە (dative plural)
زاۋانىڭكىدە (locative singular)
زاۋالارنىڭكىدە (locative plural)
زاۋانىڭكىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالارنىڭكىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋانىڭكىدىكى (locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋالارنىڭكىدىكى (locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋانىڭكىگىچە (limitative singular)
زاۋالارنىڭكىگىچە (limitative plural)
زاۋانىڭكىدەك (singular)
زاۋالارنىڭكىدەك (plural)
زاۋانىڭكىچىلىك (equative singular)
زاۋانىڭكىچە (equative singular)
زاۋالارنىڭكىچىلىك (equative plural)
زاۋالارنىڭكىچە (equative plural)
زاۋايىم (first-person nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىم (first-person nominative singular)
زاۋايىمنىڭ (first-person genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىمنىڭ (first-person genitive singular)
زاۋايىمنى (accusative first-person singular)
زاۋالىرىمنى (accusative first-person singular)
زاۋايىمغا (dative first-person singular)
زاۋالىرىمغا (dative first-person singular)
زاۋايىمدا (first-person locative singular)
زاۋالىرىمدا (first-person locative singular)
زاۋايىمدىن (ablative first-person singular)
زاۋالىرىمدىن (ablative first-person singular)
زاۋايىمدىكى (first-person locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋالىرىمدىكى (first-person locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋايىمدىكى (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىمدىكى (nominative plural)
زاۋايىمدىكىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىمدىكىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىمدىكىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىمدىكىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىمدىكىگە (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىمدىكىگە (dative plural)
زاۋايىمدىكىدە (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىمدىكىدە (locative plural)
زاۋايىمدىكىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىمدىكىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىمدىكىگىچە (limitative singular)
زاۋالىرىمدىكىگىچە (limitative plural)
زاۋايىمدىكىدەك (singular)
زاۋالىرىمدىكىدەك (plural)
زاۋايىمدىكىچىلىك (equative singular)
زاۋايىمدىكىچە (equative singular)
زاۋالىرىمدىكىچىلىك (equative plural)
زاۋالىرىمدىكىچە (equative plural)
زاۋايىمغىچە (first-person limitative locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋالىرىمغىچە (first-person limitative locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋايىمدەك (first-person locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋالىرىمدەك (first-person locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋايىمچىلىك (equative first-person singular)
زاۋايىمچە (equative first-person singular)
زاۋالىرىمچىلىك (equative first-person singular)
زاۋالىرىمچە (equative first-person singular)
زاۋايىمنىڭكى (first-person representative singular)
زاۋالىرىمنىڭكى (first-person representative singular)
زاۋايىمنىڭكى (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىمنىڭكى (nominative plural)
زاۋايىمنىڭكىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىمنىڭكىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىمنىڭكىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىمنىڭكىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىمنىڭكىگە (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىمنىڭكىگە (dative plural)
زاۋايىمنىڭكىدە (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىمنىڭكىدە (locative plural)
زاۋايىمنىڭكىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىمنىڭكىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىمنىڭكىدىكى (locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋالىرىمنىڭكىدىكى (locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋايىمنىڭكىگىچە (limitative singular)
زاۋالىرىمنىڭكىگىچە (limitative plural)
زاۋايىمنىڭكىدەك (singular)
زاۋالىرىمنىڭكىدەك (plural)
زاۋايىمنىڭكىچىلىك (equative singular)
زاۋايىمنىڭكىچە (equative singular)
زاۋالىرىمنىڭكىچىلىك (equative plural)
زاۋالىرىمنىڭكىچە (equative plural)
زاۋايىمىز (first-person nominative plural)
زاۋالىرىمىز (first-person nominative plural)
زاۋايىمىزنىڭ (first-person genitive plural)
زاۋالىرىمىزنىڭ (first-person genitive plural)
زاۋايىمىزنى (accusative first-person plural)
زاۋالىرىمىزنى (accusative first-person plural)
زاۋايىمىزغا (dative first-person plural)
زاۋالىرىمىزغا (dative first-person plural)
زاۋايىمىزدا (first-person locative plural)
زاۋالىرىمىزدا (first-person locative plural)
زاۋايىمىزدىن (ablative first-person plural)
زاۋالىرىمىزدىن (ablative first-person plural)
زاۋايىمىزدىكى (first-person locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋالىرىمىزدىكى (first-person locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋايىمىزدىكى (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزدىكى (nominative plural)
زاۋايىمىزدىكىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزدىكىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىمىزدىكىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزدىكىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىمىزدىكىگە (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزدىكىگە (dative plural)
زاۋايىمىزدىكىدە (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزدىكىدە (locative plural)
زاۋايىمىزدىكىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزدىكىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىمىزدىكىگىچە (limitative singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزدىكىگىچە (limitative plural)
زاۋايىمىزدىكىدەك (singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزدىكىدەك (plural)
زاۋايىمىزدىكىچىلىك (equative singular)
زاۋايىمىزدىكىچە (equative singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزدىكىچىلىك (equative plural)
زاۋالىرىمىزدىكىچە (equative plural)
زاۋايىمىزغىچە (first-person limitative locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋالىرىمىزغىچە (first-person limitative locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋايىمىزدەك (first-person locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋالىرىمىزدەك (first-person locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋايىمىزچىلىك (equative first-person plural)
زاۋايىمىزچە (equative first-person plural)
زاۋالىرىمىزچىلىك (equative first-person plural)
زاۋالىرىمىزچە (equative first-person plural)
زاۋايىمىزنىڭكى (first-person plural representative)
زاۋالىرىمىزنىڭكى (first-person plural representative)
زاۋايىمىزنىڭكى (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزنىڭكى (nominative plural)
زاۋايىمىزنىڭكىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزنىڭكىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىمىزنىڭكىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزنىڭكىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىمىزنىڭكىگە (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزنىڭكىگە (dative plural)
زاۋايىمىزنىڭكىدە (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزنىڭكىدە (locative plural)
زاۋايىمىزنىڭكىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزنىڭكىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىمىزنىڭكىدىكى (locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزنىڭكىدىكى (locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋايىمىزنىڭكىگىچە (limitative singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزنىڭكىگىچە (limitative plural)
زاۋايىمىزنىڭكىدەك (singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزنىڭكىدەك (plural)
زاۋايىمىزنىڭكىچىلىك (equative singular)
زاۋايىمىزنىڭكىچە (equative singular)
زاۋالىرىمىزنىڭكىچىلىك (equative plural)
زاۋالىرىمىزنىڭكىچە (equative plural)
زاۋايىڭ (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭ (nominative plural)
زاۋايىڭنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىڭنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىڭنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىڭغا (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭغا (dative plural)
زاۋايىڭدا (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭدا (locative plural)
زاۋايىڭدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىڭدىكى (locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭدىكى (locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋايىڭدىكى (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭدىكى (nominative plural)
زاۋايىڭدىكىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىڭدىكىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىڭدىكىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭدىكىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىڭدىكىگە (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭدىكىگە (dative plural)
زاۋايىڭدىكىدە (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭدىكىدە (locative plural)
زاۋايىڭدىكىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭدىكىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىڭدىكىگىچە (limitative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭدىكىگىچە (limitative plural)
زاۋايىڭدىكىدەك (singular)
زاۋالىرىڭدىكىدەك (plural)
زاۋايىڭدىكىچىلىك (equative singular)
زاۋايىڭدىكىچە (equative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭدىكىچىلىك (equative plural)
زاۋالىرىڭدىكىچە (equative plural)
زاۋايىڭغىچە (limitative locative-qualitative)
زاۋالىرىڭغىچە (limitative locative-qualitative)
زاۋايىڭدەك (locative-qualitative)
زاۋالىرىڭدەك (locative-qualitative)
زاۋايىڭچىلىك (equative)
زاۋايىڭچە (equative)
زاۋالىرىڭچىلىك (equative)
زاۋالىرىڭچە (equative)
زاۋايىڭنىڭكى (representative)
زاۋالىرىڭنىڭكى (representative)
زاۋايىڭنىڭكى (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭنىڭكى (nominative plural)
زاۋايىڭنىڭكىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىڭنىڭكىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىڭنىڭكىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭنىڭكىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىڭنىڭكىگە (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭنىڭكىگە (dative plural)
زاۋايىڭنىڭكىدە (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭنىڭكىدە (locative plural)
زاۋايىڭنىڭكىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭنىڭكىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىڭنىڭكىدىكى (locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭنىڭكىدىكى (locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋايىڭنىڭكىگىچە (limitative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭنىڭكىگىچە (limitative plural)
زاۋايىڭنىڭكىدەك (singular)
زاۋالىرىڭنىڭكىدەك (plural)
زاۋايىڭنىڭكىچىلىك (equative singular)
زاۋايىڭنىڭكىچە (equative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭنىڭكىچىلىك (equative plural)
زاۋالىرىڭنىڭكىچە (equative plural)
زاۋايىڭلار (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلار (nominative plural)
زاۋايىڭلارنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلارنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىڭلارنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلارنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىڭلارغا (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلارغا (dative plural)
زاۋايىڭلاردا (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلاردا (locative plural)
زاۋايىڭلاردىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلاردىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىڭلاردىكى (locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلاردىكى (locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋايىڭلاردىكى (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلاردىكى (nominative plural)
زاۋايىڭلاردىكىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلاردىكىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىڭلاردىكىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلاردىكىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىڭلاردىكىگە (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلاردىكىگە (dative plural)
زاۋايىڭلاردىكىدە (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلاردىكىدە (locative plural)
زاۋايىڭلاردىكىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلاردىكىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىڭلاردىكىگىچە (limitative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلاردىكىگىچە (limitative plural)
زاۋايىڭلاردىكىدەك (singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلاردىكىدەك (plural)
زاۋايىڭلاردىكىچىلىك (equative singular)
زاۋايىڭلاردىكىچە (equative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلاردىكىچىلىك (equative plural)
زاۋالىرىڭلاردىكىچە (equative plural)
زاۋايىڭلارغىچە (limitative locative-qualitative)
زاۋالىرىڭلارغىچە (limitative locative-qualitative)
زاۋايىڭلاردەك (locative-qualitative)
زاۋالىرىڭلاردەك (locative-qualitative)
زاۋايىڭلارچىلىك (equative)
زاۋايىڭلارچە (equative)
زاۋالىرىڭلارچىلىك (equative)
زاۋالىرىڭلارچە (equative)
زاۋايىڭلارنىڭكى (representative)
زاۋالىرىڭلارنىڭكى (representative)
زاۋايىڭلارنىڭكى (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلارنىڭكى (nominative plural)
زاۋايىڭلارنىڭكىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلارنىڭكىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىڭلارنىڭكىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلارنىڭكىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىڭلارنىڭكىگە (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلارنىڭكىگە (dative plural)
زاۋايىڭلارنىڭكىدە (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلارنىڭكىدە (locative plural)
زاۋايىڭلارنىڭكىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلارنىڭكىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىڭلارنىڭكىدىكى (locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلارنىڭكىدىكى (locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋايىڭلارنىڭكىگىچە (limitative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلارنىڭكىگىچە (limitative plural)
زاۋايىڭلارنىڭكىدەك (singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلارنىڭكىدەك (plural)
زاۋايىڭلارنىڭكىچىلىك (equative singular)
زاۋايىڭلارنىڭكىچە (equative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭلارنىڭكىچىلىك (equative plural)
زاۋالىرىڭلارنىڭكىچە (equative plural)
زاۋايىڭىز (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىز (nominative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىڭىزنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزغا (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزغا (dative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزدا (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزدا (locative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزدىكى (locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزدىكى (locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزدىكى (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزدىكى (nominative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزدىكىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزدىكىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىڭىزدىكىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزدىكىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزدىكىگە (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزدىكىگە (dative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزدىكىدە (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزدىكىدە (locative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزدىكىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزدىكىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزدىكىگىچە (limitative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزدىكىگىچە (limitative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزدىكىدەك (singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزدىكىدەك (plural)
زاۋايىڭىزدىكىچىلىك (equative singular)
زاۋايىڭىزدىكىچە (equative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزدىكىچىلىك (equative plural)
زاۋالىرىڭىزدىكىچە (equative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزغىچە (limitative locative-qualitative)
زاۋالىرىڭىزغىچە (limitative locative-qualitative)
زاۋايىڭىزدەك (locative-qualitative)
زاۋالىرىڭىزدەك (locative-qualitative)
زاۋايىڭىزچىلىك (equative)
زاۋايىڭىزچە (equative)
زاۋالىرىڭىزچىلىك (equative)
زاۋالىرىڭىزچە (equative)
زاۋايىڭىزنىڭكى (representative)
زاۋالىرىڭىزنىڭكى (representative)
زاۋايىڭىزنىڭكى (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزنىڭكى (nominative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزنىڭكىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزنىڭكىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىڭىزنىڭكىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزنىڭكىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزنىڭكىگە (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزنىڭكىگە (dative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزنىڭكىدە (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزنىڭكىدە (locative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزنىڭكىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزنىڭكىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزنىڭكىدىكى (locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزنىڭكىدىكى (locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزنىڭكىگىچە (limitative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزنىڭكىگىچە (limitative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزنىڭكىدەك (singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزنىڭكىدەك (plural)
زاۋايىڭىزنىڭكىچىلىك (equative singular)
زاۋايىڭىزنىڭكىچە (equative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزنىڭكىچىلىك (equative plural)
زاۋالىرىڭىزنىڭكىچە (equative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلار (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلار (nominative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلارنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلارنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلارنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلارنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلارغا (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلارغا (dative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلاردا (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلاردا (locative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلاردىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلاردىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلاردىكى (locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلاردىكى (locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلاردىكى (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلاردىكى (nominative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلاردىكىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلاردىكىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلاردىكىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلاردىكىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلاردىكىگە (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلاردىكىگە (dative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلاردىكىدە (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلاردىكىدە (locative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلاردىكىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلاردىكىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلاردىكىگىچە (limitative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلاردىكىگىچە (limitative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلاردىكىدەك (singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلاردىكىدەك (plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلاردىكىچىلىك (equative singular)
زاۋايىڭىزلاردىكىچە (equative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلاردىكىچىلىك (equative plural)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلاردىكىچە (equative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلارغىچە (limitative locative-qualitative)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلارغىچە (limitative locative-qualitative)
زاۋايىڭىزلاردەك (locative-qualitative)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلاردەك (locative-qualitative)
زاۋايىڭىزلارچىلىك (equative)
زاۋايىڭىزلارچە (equative)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلارچىلىك (equative)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلارچە (equative)
زاۋايىڭىزلارنىڭكى (representative)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلارنىڭكى (representative)
زاۋايىڭىزلارنىڭكى (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلارنىڭكى (nominative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلارنىڭكىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلارنىڭكىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلارنىڭكىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلارنىڭكىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلارنىڭكىگە (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلارنىڭكىگە (dative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلارنىڭكىدە (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلارنىڭكىدە (locative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلارنىڭكىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلارنىڭكىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلارنىڭكىدىكى (locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلارنىڭكىدىكى (locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلارنىڭكىگىچە (limitative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلارنىڭكىگىچە (limitative plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلارنىڭكىدەك (singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلارنىڭكىدەك (plural)
زاۋايىڭىزلارنىڭكىچىلىك (equative singular)
زاۋايىڭىزلارنىڭكىچە (equative singular)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلارنىڭكىچىلىك (equative plural)
زاۋالىرىڭىزلارنىڭكىچە (equative plural)
زاۋالىرى (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرى (nominative plural)
زاۋالىرىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋالىرىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋالىرىغا (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىغا (dative plural)
زاۋالىرىدا (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىدا (locative plural)
زاۋالىرىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋالىرىدىكى (locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكى (locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋالىرىدىكى (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكى (nominative plural)
زاۋالىرىدىكىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋالىرىدىكىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋالىرىدىكىگە (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكىگە (dative plural)
زاۋالىرىدىكىدە (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكىدە (locative plural)
زاۋالىرىدىكىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋالىرىدىكىگىچە (limitative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكىگىچە (limitative plural)
زاۋالىرىدىكىدەك (singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكىدەك (plural)
زاۋالىرىدىكىچىلىك (equative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكىچە (equative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكىچىلىك (equative plural)
زاۋالىرىدىكىچە (equative plural)
زاۋالىرىغىچە (limitative locative-qualitative)
زاۋالىرىدەك (locative-qualitative)
زاۋالىرىچىلىك (equative)
زاۋالىرىچە (equative)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكى (representative)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكى (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكى (nominative plural)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىگە (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىگە (dative plural)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىدە (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىدە (locative plural)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىدىكى (locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىدىكى (locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىگىچە (limitative singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىگىچە (limitative plural)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىدەك (singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىدەك (plural)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىچىلىك (equative singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىچە (equative singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىچىلىك (equative plural)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىچە (equative plural)
زاۋايى (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرى (nominative plural)
زاۋايىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىغا (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىغا (dative plural)
زاۋايىدا (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىدا (locative plural)
زاۋايىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىدىكى (locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكى (locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋايىدىكى (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكى (nominative plural)
زاۋايىدىكىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىدىكىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىدىكىگە (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكىگە (dative plural)
زاۋايىدىكىدە (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكىدە (locative plural)
زاۋايىدىكىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىدىكىگىچە (limitative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكىگىچە (limitative plural)
زاۋايىدىكىدەك (singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكىدەك (plural)
زاۋايىدىكىچىلىك (equative singular)
زاۋايىدىكىچە (equative singular)
زاۋالىرىدىكىچىلىك (equative plural)
زاۋالىرىدىكىچە (equative plural)
زاۋايىغىچە (limitative locative-qualitative)
زاۋالىرىغىچە (limitative locative-qualitative)
زاۋايىدەك (locative-qualitative)
زاۋالىرىدەك (locative-qualitative)
زاۋايىچىلىك (equative)
زاۋايىچە (equative)
زاۋالىرىچىلىك (equative)
زاۋالىرىچە (equative)
زاۋايىنىڭكى (representative)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكى (representative)
زاۋايىنىڭكى (nominative singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكى (nominative plural)
زاۋايىنىڭكىنىڭ (genitive singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىنىڭ (genitive plural)
زاۋايىنىڭكىنى (accusative singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىنى (accusative plural)
زاۋايىنىڭكىگە (dative singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىگە (dative plural)
زاۋايىنىڭكىدە (locative singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىدە (locative plural)
زاۋايىنىڭكىدىن (ablative singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىدىن (ablative plural)
زاۋايىنىڭكىدىكى (locative-qualitative singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىدىكى (locative-qualitative plural)
زاۋايىنىڭكىگىچە (limitative singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىگىچە (limitative plural)
زاۋايىنىڭكىدەك (singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىدەك (plural)
زاۋايىنىڭكىچىلىك (equative singular)
زاۋايىنىڭكىچە (equative singular)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىچىلىك (equative plural)
زاۋالىرىنىڭكىچە (equative plural)

→ Chinese: 扎瓦 (Zhāwǎ)

→ English: Zawa

Zawa (a town in Karakax, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)

ug:زاۋا بازىرى


sông Cái

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˧˦]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˨˩˦]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˨˩˦]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˦˥]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ kaːj˦˥]

sông (“river”) + cái (“mother”), literally "mother river", or, sông (“river”) + cái (“great, main”), means "Great River"; both interpretations might be correct, because both meanings are from the same etymology. This word was transliterated by the French as Song-Koï and Song-Coï.
This was the original name of the Red River, but later used to refer to many other rivers of Vietnam. May be related to other Vietnamese river names such as Cái Lớn, Cái Bé, Cái Mép, Cái Vùng, Cái Tàu and Cái Cối.
For some semantic parallels, compare Coptic ⲡⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ (peiero), ⲫ̀ⲓⲁⲣⲟ (ph̀iaro, “the Nile”), Spanish Río Grande, Korean 한강(漢江) (han'gang, “Han river”) (where 漢 is a phonogram used to write the native Korean morpheme for "big", see Middle Korean 하다〮 (hàtá)).

(historical) Red River (a river in northern Vietnam and Yunnan, southern China)


懷寧

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/waːi̯²¹ nɪŋ²¹/

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/waːi̯²¹ nɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Huaining (a county of Anqing, Anhui, China)


靖邊

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ²² piːn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ²² piːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Jingbian (a county of Yulin, Shaanxi, China)


巴宜

/paː⁵⁵ jiː²¹/

/paː⁵⁵ jiː²¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan བྲག་ཡིབ (brag yib).

(～區) Bayi (a district of Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


卡若

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ jœːk̚²/

/kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/kʰaː⁵⁵ jœːk̚²/

Borrowed from Tibetan མཁར་རོ (mkhar ro).

(～區) Karuo (a district of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


丁青

/tiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/tɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵/

/tiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/tɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan སྟེང་ཆེན (steng chen).

(～縣) Dêngqên (a county of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


左貢

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ kʊŋ³³/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ kʊŋ³³/

Borrowed from Tibetan མཛོ་སྒང (mdzo sgang).

(～縣) Zogang (a county of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


邊壩

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pä⁵¹/

/pi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pä⁵¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan དཔལ་འབར (dpal 'bar).

(～縣) Banbar (a county of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


桑珠孜

/sɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/sɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/sɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/sɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan བསམ་འགྲུབ་རྩེ (bsam 'grub rtse).

bor

བསམ་འགྲུབ་རྩེ

(～區) Samzhubzê (a district of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


南木林

ㄋㄢˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

ㄋㄢˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ

/naːm²¹ mʊk̚² lɐm²¹/

/naːm²¹ mʊk̚² lɐm²¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan རྣམ་གླིང (rnam gling).

(～縣) Namling (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


薩迦

/sä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/sä⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

(～縣) Sa'gya (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


拉孜

/lä⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/lä⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/laːi̯⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ལྷ་རྩེ (lha rtse).

(～縣) Lhatse (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


昂仁

/ˀɑŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ŋɔːŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/

/ˀɑŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ŋɔːŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan ངམ་རིང (ngam ring).

(～縣) Ngamring (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


謝通門

ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄇㄣˊ

ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄇㄣˊ

/ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/t͡sɛː²² tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/t͡sɛː²² tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan བཞད་མཐོང་སྨོན (bzhad mthong smon).

བཞད་མཐོང་སྨོན

(～縣) Xaitongmoin (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


仁布

/ʐən³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/ʐən³⁵ pu⁵¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan རིན་སྤུངས (rin spungs).

(～縣) Rinbung (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


定結

/tiŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tɪŋ²² kiːt̚³/

/tiŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tɪŋ²² kiːt̚³/

Borrowed from Tibetan གཏིང་སྐྱེས (gting skyes).

(～縣) Dinggyê (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


聶拉木

/ni̯ɛ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ mu⁵¹/

/niːp̚² laːi̯⁵⁵ mʊk̚²/

/ni̯ɛ⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ mu⁵¹/

/niːp̚² laːi̯⁵⁵ mʊk̚²/

Borrowed from Tibetan གཉའ་ལམ (gnya' lam).

(～縣) Nyalam (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


薩嘎

(～縣) Saga (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


崗巴

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵/

(～縣) Kamba (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


乃東

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/naːi̯¹³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/naːi̯¹³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan སྣེ་གདོང (sne gdong).

(～區) Nêdong (a district of Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


Shannan

People in Sangjih County in Shannan Prefecture are now working to complete in the shortest possible time a 30 km canal across 10 hills, 13 gullies and seven cliffs.

1976, Summary of World Broadcasts: The Far East. Weekly Supplement, →OCLC, page 4:

Tsetong, the capital of Shannan prefecture, has merged with Nêdong into a sprawl of Tibetan and Chinese buildings.

1992, Robert Strauss, “Yarlung Valley Monasteries & Sites”, in Tibet: A Travel Survival Kit (Lonely Planet), 2nd edition, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 130, column 1:

The second generation of Tibetan cadres arose, also in surrounding provinces, during the march of the People’s liberation Army into Tibet itself in the early 1950s. In social origin and motivation they were much like the first group, though in numbers much greater. Among them I met and interviewed Lobsang Tsechen, originally a carpenter, who in the 1960s became a vice-chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Region; Zhen Ying, of peasant origin, who became the vice-Party secretary of Xigatse prefecture; Dorje Ben, a former “masterless man” (which unfortunately meant he could be mistreated by any superior without the protection of his “owner”) who became vice-head of the Lokha (Shan Nan) prefecture; and an industrial administrator, Shirob Watsa, assistant director of the important Auto Vehicle Repair Works of the Tibet Autonomous Region, who as a young man had had his knees shattered by order of his serf owner (after the democratic reform in Tibet they had been surgically repaired so that he could walk, but still with a bad limp).

[2005, Israel Epstein, “Tibet”, in My China Eye: Memoirs of a Jew and a Journalist, 1st edition, San Francisco: Long River Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 278:

June 19-21: Tibet; flame travels to Shannan Diqu and Lhasa.

2008 March 30, “The Olympic flame's journey to the opening ceremony”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-11, Asia Pacific:

Chinese Premier Li Keqiang visited Tibet's capital Lhasa, the Yarlung Zangbo (Brahmaputra) river and the cities of Nyingchi and Shannan between Jul. 25-27, official news agency Xinhua reported.

2018 July 29, “Chinese premier completes secretive Tibet visit”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2018-07-29:

A prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China, on the border with Bhutan.


Lhoka

Meanwhile, Radio Lhasa announced on 18 June that advisory committees in all Tibetan villages had sent memorandums condemning counterrevolutionaries and royalists and pledging full support to Mao. Paradoxically, it was also announced that farmers in the Lhoka area were slow in adapting themselves to mechanized farming despite elaborate manuals being dispatched along [with] the Chinese tractors to the area. It seems Tibetans are quicker in condemning political shakeups than learning technical knowhow.

1966 June 23 [1966 June 21], “Buddhist Describes Lhasa Under Chinese Rule”, in Daily Report: Foreign Radio Broadcasts, number 121, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Delhi Information Service of India, →OCLC, Communist China: Regional Affairs, page DDD 7:

The government is also trying to end the rural tradition of sending children to study in the monasteries, arguing that they should attend secular schools. "In the monasteries, they only learn Tibetan and the sutras," said Deji, the top government official in Lhoka prefecture, who like many Tibetans has only one name. "They won't be well-educated because they won't have physics or chemistry or other modern subjects."

2003 September 19, Philip P. Pan, “In the Name of the Panchen Lama”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-01-29:

On Tuesday, Radio Free Asia, which is financed by the United States government, reported that a large number of the detainees being held in Lhasa had been released that day, while at least 200 others being held in Lhoka, outside Lhasa, were still in custody.

2012 April 7, Edward Wong, “China Said to Detain Returning Tibetan Pilgrims”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-04-07, Asia Pacific:

Dawa, a 55 year-old herder resettled in Lhoka prefecture’s Gongkar county, proudly showed visiting officials and journalists how each member of the family now has a separate room.[…]
In Lhoka’s Tradruk monastery, the secular management office has obtained funds for the latest renovation of this 12-century-old institution, one of the earliest Buddhist constructions in Tibet.

2015 September 30, Artiz Parra, “China micromanages Tibet, floods it with money to woo locals”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2024-03-23:

A woman walks in a purpose built village for Tibetans who have been relocated from high-altitude locations in what the authorities call a poverty alleviation program during a government organised tour in Gongga County, Lhoka City, near Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, October 14, 2020.

2022 August 8, Roxanne Liu, Ryan Woo, “China's Tibet region faces rare COVID flareup, fresh curbs imposed”, in Toby Chopra, Bernadette Baum, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-08-08, Asia Pacific:

A prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.


扎囊

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ nɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡saːt̚³ nɔːŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ nɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡saːt̚³ nɔːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Zhanang (a county of Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


桑日

/sɑŋ⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/sɔːŋ⁵⁵ jɐt̚²/

/sɑŋ⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹/

/sɔːŋ⁵⁵ jɐt̚²/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཟངས་རི (zangs ri).

(～縣) Sangri (a county of Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


瓊結

/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/kʰɪŋ²¹ kiːt̚³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/kʰɪŋ²¹ kiːt̚³/

Borrowed from Tibetan འཕྱོངས་རྒྱས ('phyongs rgyas).

(～縣) Qonggyai (a county of Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


曲松

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཆུ་གསུམ (chu gsum).

(～縣) Qusum (a county of Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


措美

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from Tibetan མཚོ་སྨད (mtsho smad).

(～縣) Comai (a county of Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


新龍

/ɕin⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

(～縣) Xinlong (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


洛扎

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵/

/lɔːk̚³ t͡saːt̚³/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵/

/lɔːk̚³ t͡saːt̚³/

Borrowed from Tibetan ལྷོ་བྲག (lho brag).

(～縣) Lhozhag (a county of Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


加查

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʰaː²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʰaː²¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan རྒྱ་ཚ (rgya tsha).

(～縣) Gyaca (a county of Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


浪卡子

/lɑŋ⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔːŋ²² kʰaː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/lɑŋ⁵¹ kʰä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔːŋ²² kʰaː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan སྣ་དཀར་རྩེ (sna dkar rtse).

(～縣) Nagarzê (a county of Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


色尼

Borrowed from Tibetan གསེར་རྙེད (gser rnyed).

(～區) Seni (a district of Nagqu, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


聶榮

/ni̯ɛ⁵¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/niːp̚² wɪŋ²¹/

/ni̯ɛ⁵¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/niːp̚² wɪŋ²¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan སྙན་རོང (snyan rong).

(～縣) Nyainrong (a county of Nagqu, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


申扎

/ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵/

/ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཤན་རྩ (shan rtsa).

(～縣) Xainza (a county of Nagqu, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


索縣

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sɔːk̚³ jyːn²²/

/su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sɔːk̚³ jyːn²²/

From Tibetan སོག (sog) + 縣／县 (xiàn, “county”).

Sog County (a county of Nagqu, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


巴青

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan སྦྲ་ཆེན (sbra chen).

(～縣) Baqên (a county of Nagqu, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


雙湖

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

(～縣) Shuanghu (a county of Nagqu, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


錯尼

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ ni³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː³³ nei̯²¹/

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ ni³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː³³ nei̯²¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan མཚོ་གཉིས (mtsho gnyis).

a lake in Nyima, Nagqu, Tibet Autonomous Region, China


札達

/ʈ͡ʂä³⁵ tä³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂä³⁵ tä³⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan རྩ་མདའ (rtsa mda').

(～縣) Zanda (a county of Ngari prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


革吉

/kɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/kɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan དགེ་རྒྱས (dge rgyas).

(～縣) Gê'gyai (a county of Ngari prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


措勤

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/t͡sʰou̯³³ kʰɐn²¹/

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

/t͡sʰou̯³³ kʰɐn²¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan མཚོ་ཆེན (mtsho chen).

(～縣) Coqên (a county of Ngari prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


八廓

/pä⁵⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/paːt̚³ kʷʰɔːk̚³/

/pä⁵⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/paːt̚³ kʷʰɔːk̚³/

Borrowed from Tibetan བར་སྐོར (bar skor).

(～街道) Bakuo (a subdistrict of Chengguan district, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


沖賽康

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ saɪ̯⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཁྲོམ་སྲིད་ཁང (khrom srid khang).

ཁྲོམ་སྲིད་ཁང

(historical) (～街道) Chongsaikang (a former subdistrict of Chengguan district, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


Gaotian

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 高田 (Gāotián).

Compared With the scenery of Xingping that of Gaotian is more colourful. Gaotian lies In the south of the town of Yangshuo. Along both sides of the rivers, rice fields and villages form into a pastoral scene, which changes its colour in different seasons.

2004 March, Li River: A Photographic Collection of Teng Bin, Jieli Publishing House, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 61:

Gaotian is located in the Yueliang (Moon) Hill scenic area in Gaotian Township, Yangshuo County. The Jinbao River, Yulong River, both branches of the Lijiang River, merge here as the Tianjia River and flow back into the Lijiang River.

2006 May/June, Teng Bin, “10 Best Views in Yangshuo”, in China Tourism, number 303, H.K. China Tourism Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 28, column 1:

Gaotian Town[…]高田镇[…]
The attached Yangshuo Village Inn has delectable rooms too, if you need somewhere to kip after your fill. It’s not easy to find, in a village called Li Village (历村 Lì Cūn), before you reach Gāotián Town.
Minibuses (¥2) run from Yángshuò to Gāotián. Before Gāotián, disembark at Li Village and it’s a five-minute walk to the restaurant.

2017, Damian Harper et al., “Guǎngxī”, in China (Lonely Planet), 15th edition, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 626, column 1:

A town in Yangshuo, Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China.


六枝

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/lʊk̚² t͡siː⁵⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/lʊk̚² t͡siː⁵⁵/

(～特區) Liuzhi (a special district of Liupanshui, Guizhou, China)


東麗

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ lɐi̯²²/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ li⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ lɐi̯²²/

(～區) Dongli (a district of Tianjin, China)


西青

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Xiqing (a district of Tianjin, China)


寶坻

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pou̯³⁵ tɐi̯³⁵/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pou̯³⁵ tɐi̯³⁵/

(～區) Baodi (a district of Tianjin, China)


寧河

/niŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/nɪŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

/niŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/nɪŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

(～區) Ninghe (a district of Tianjin, China)


靜海

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪŋ²² hɔːi̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪŋ²² hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～區) Jinghai (a district of Tianjin, China)


薊州

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɐi̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɐi̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～區) Jizhou (a district of Tianjin, China)


시안

(city formerly known as Chang'an) Xi'an (the capital of Shaanxi, China)


靜安

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Jing'an (a district of Shanghai, China)


青浦

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ pʰou̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ pʰu²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ pʰou̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ pʰu²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Qingpu (a district and former county of Shanghai, China)


南匯

/nän³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/nø²² ɦue⁴⁴/

/nän³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/nø²² ɦue⁴⁴/

(～縣) Nanhui (a former county of Shanghai, China)


川沙

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰø⁵⁵ so²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰø⁵⁵ so²¹/

(～縣) Chuansha (a former county of Shanghai, China)


通縣

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²²/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²²/

(historical) Tong County (a former county of Hebei, and later Beijing, China)


沙坪垻

/ʂä⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵ pä⁵¹/

/saː⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹ paː³³/

/ʂä⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵ pä⁵¹/

/saː⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹ paː³³/

(～區) Shapingba (a district of Chongqing, China)


九龍坡

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄆㄛ

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄆㄛ

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ lʊŋ²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ lʊŋ²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

(～區) Jiulongpo (a district of Chongqing, China)


北碚

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/pɐk̚⁵ pʰuːi̯¹³/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/pɐk̚⁵ pʰuːi̯¹³/

(～區) Beibei (a district of Chongqing, China)


綦江

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Qijiang (a district of Chongqing, China)


大足

/tä⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʊk̚⁵/

/tä⁵¹ t͡su³⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʊk̚⁵/

(～區) Dazu (a district of Chongqing, China)


渝北

/y³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː²¹ pɐk̚⁵/

/y³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː²¹ pɐk̚⁵/

(～區) Yubei (a district of Chongqing, China)


合川

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/hɐp̚² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/hɐp̚² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～區, formerly ～市) Hechuan (a district and former county-level city of Chongqing, China)


南川

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

(～區) Nanchuan (a district of Chongqing, China)


銅梁

→ English: Tongliang

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ lœːŋ²¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ lœːŋ²¹/

(～區) Tongliang (a district of Chongqing, China)


潼南

→ English: Tongnan

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ naːm²¹/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ naːm²¹/

(～區) Tongnan (a district of Chongqing, China)


榮昌

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Rongchang (a district of Chongqing, China)


梁平

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Liangping (a district of Chongqing, China)


武隆

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/mou̯¹³ lʊŋ²¹/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/mou̯¹³ lʊŋ²¹/

(～區) Wulong (a district of Chongqing, China)


豐都

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Fengdu (a county of Chongqing, China)


墊江

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːn³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːn³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Dianjiang (a county of Chongqing, China)


忠縣

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²²/

Zhong County (a county of Chongqing, China)


雲陽

/yn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/wɐn²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/yn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/wɐn²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Yunyang (a county of Chongqing, China)


秀山土家族苗族自治縣

ㄒㄧㄡˋ ㄕㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄗㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄒㄧㄡˋ ㄕㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄗㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

Hsiu⁴-shan¹ Tʻu³-chia¹-tsu² Miao²-tsu² Tzŭ⁴-chih⁴-hsien⁴

Syòu-shān Tǔ-jyā-dzú Myáu-dzú Dz̀-jr̀-syàn

Shiowshan Tuujiatzwu Miautzwu Tzyhjyhshiann

Сюшань Туцзяцзу Мяоцзу Цзычжисянь

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

w:Xiushan Tujia and Miao Autonomous County

Xiushan Tujia and Miao Autonomous County (an autonomous county of Chongqing, China)


秀山

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sɐu̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sɐu̯³³ saːn⁵⁵/

～土家族苗族自治縣 秀山土家族苗族自治縣#Chinese

(～土家族苗族自治縣) Xiushan (a Tujia and Miao autonomous county of Chongqing, China)


酉陽土家族苗族自治縣

ㄧㄡˇ ㄧㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄗㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄧㄡˇ ㄧㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄗㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

Yu³-yang² Tʻu³-chia¹-tsu² Miao²-tsu² Tzŭ⁴-chih⁴-hsien⁴

Yǒu-yáng Tǔ-jyā-dzú Myáu-dzú Dz̀-jr̀-syàn

Yeouyang Tuujiatzwu Miautzwu Tzyhjyhshiann

Юян Туцзяцзу Мяоцзу Цзычжисянь

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

w:Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County

Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County (an autonomous county of Chongqing, China)


彭水苗族土家族自治縣

ㄆㄥˊ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄇㄧㄠˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

Pʻêng²-shui³ Miao²-tsu² Tʻu³-chia¹-tsu² Tzŭ⁴-chih⁴-hsien⁴

Péng-shwěi Myáu-dzú Tǔ-jyā-dzú Dz̀-jr̀-syàn

Perngshoei Miautzwu Tuujiatzwu Tzyhjyhshiann

Пэншуй Мяоцзу Туцзяцзу Цзычжисянь

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

w:Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County

Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County (an autonomous county of Chongqing, China)


彭水

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

～苗族土家族自治縣 彭水苗族土家族自治縣#Chinese

(～苗族土家族自治縣) Pengshui (a Miao and Tujia autonomous county of Chongqing, China)


瑤海

/jɑʊ̯³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiːu̯²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/jɑʊ̯³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiːu̯²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～區) Yaohai (a district of Hefei, Anhui, China)


廬陽

/lu³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/lou̯²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/lu³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/lou̯²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

(～區) Luyang (a district of Hefei, Anhui, China)


蜀山

/ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～區) Shushan (a district of Hefei, Anhui, China)


包河

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/paːu̯⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/paːu̯⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

(～區) Baohe (a district of Hefei, Anhui, China)


長豐

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Changfeng (a county of Hefei, Anhui, China)


肥東

/feɪ̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/fei̯²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/feɪ̯³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/fei̯²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Feidong (a county of Hefei, Anhui, China)


肥西

/feɪ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/fei̯²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/feɪ̯³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/fei̯²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Feixi (a county of Hefei, Anhui, China)


鏡湖

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/kɛːŋ³³ wuː²¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ xu³⁵/

/kɛːŋ³³ wuː²¹/

(～區) Jinghu (a district of Wuhu, Anhui, China)


弋江

/i⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɪk̚² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/i⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɪk̚² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Yijiang (a district of Wuhu, Anhui, China)


鳩江

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰɐu̯⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰɐu̯⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Jiujiang (a district of Wuhu, Anhui, China)


灣沚

/wän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～區) Wanzhi (a district of Wuhu, Anhui, China)


南陵

/nän³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

/nän³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Nanling (a county of Wuhu, Anhui, China)


龍子湖

/lʊŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵ wuː²¹/

/lʊŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵ wuː²¹/

(～區) Longzihu (a district of Bengbu, Anhui, China)


蚌山

/pɤŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pʰɔːŋ¹³ saːn⁵⁵/

/pɤŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pʰɔːŋ¹³ saːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Bengshan (a district of Bengbu, Anhui, China)


禹會

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/jyː¹³ wuːi̯²²/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/jyː¹³ wuːi̯²²/

(～區) Yuhui (a district of Bengbu, Anhui, China)


淮上

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/waːi̯²¹ sœːŋ²²/

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/waːi̯²¹ sœːŋ²²/

(～區) Huaishang (a district of Bengbu, Anhui, China)


懷遠

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～縣) Huaiyuan (a county of Bengbu, Anhui, China)


五河

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ hɔː²¹/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ hɔː²¹/

(～縣) Wuhe (a county of Bengbu, Anhui, China)


固鎮

/ku⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/kuː³³ t͡sɐn³³/

/ku⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/kuː³³ t͡sɐn³³/

(～縣) Guzhen (a county of Bengbu, Anhui, China)


田家庵

→ English: Tianjia'an

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn²¹ kaː⁵⁵ ɐm⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/tʰiːn²¹ kaː⁵⁵ ɐm⁵⁵/

(～區) Tianjia'an (a district of Huainan, Anhui, China)


謝家集

ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄐㄧˊ

ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄐㄧˊ

/ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/t͡sɛː²² kaː⁵⁵ t͡saːp̚²/

/ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/t͡sɛː²² kaː⁵⁵ t͡saːp̚²/

(～區) Xiejiaji (a district of Huainan, Anhui, China)


八公山

/pä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/paːt̚³ kʊŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/paːt̚³ kʊŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Bagongshan (a district of Huainan, Anhui, China)


潘集

/pʰän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/pʰän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

(～區) Panji (a district of Huainan, Anhui, China)


花山

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～區) Huashan (a district of Ma'anshan, Anhui, China)


雨山

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～區) Yushan (a district of Ma'anshan, Anhui, China)


博望

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹/

/pɔːk̚³ mɔːŋ²²/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ wɑŋ⁵¹/

/pɔːk̚³ mɔːŋ²²/

(～區) Bowang (a district of Ma'anshan, Anhui, China)


當塗

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

(～縣) Dangtu (a county of Ma'anshan, Anhui, China)


含山

/xän³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/xän³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～縣) Hanshan (a county of Ma'anshan, Anhui, China)


和縣

/xɤ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/wɔː²¹ jyːn²²/

/xɤ³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/wɔː²¹ jyːn²²/

He County (a county of Ma'anshan, Anhui, China)


杜集

/tu⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/tu⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

(～區) Duji (a district of Huaibei, Anhui, China)


相山

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～區) Xiangshan (a district of Huaibei, Anhui, China)


烈山

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/li̯ɛ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～區) Lieshan (a district of Huaibei, Anhui, China)