深圳

→ English: Shenzhen, Shumchun

/ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/sɐm⁵⁵ t͡sɐn³³/

/t͡sʰɨm²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sun⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰəm⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sun⁵³/

/t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun²¹/

/t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun²¹/

/t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun¹¹/

/t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun²¹/

/t͡sʰim³³⁻²³ t͡suŋ²¹³/

/ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/

/sɐm⁵⁵ t͡sɐn³³/

/t͡sʰɨm²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sun⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰəm⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sun⁵³/

/t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun²¹/

/t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun²¹/

/t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun¹¹/

/t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun²¹/

/t͡sʰim³³⁻²³ t͡suŋ²¹³/

Army Map Service
Gazetteer of Xin'an County

Originally as 深圳墟 (Shēnzhèn xū, “Shenzhen Market”) and referred to a market town located in present-day Dongmen, Luohu District, Shenzhen. The name is first attested in Gazetteer of Xin'an County (新安縣志) [1688].
In 1979, Bao'an County (寶安縣 /宝安县) of Guangdong was renamed and converted to Shenzhen City (深圳市 (Shēnzhèn shì)).

(～市) Shenzhen (a subprovincial city of Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) (historical) Shenzhen (a former town in Bao'an county, Guangdong, China)


深圳

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 深圳 (Shēnzhèn). Sen is not an expected on-reading of 圳 and may derive from 川's on-reading of sen, which serves as a kan'yoon reading.

obor

Shenzhen (a major subprovincial city of Guangdong, in southeastern China)


嫩江

/nən⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/nyːn²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/nən⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/nyːn²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Nenjiang (a county-level city of Heihe, Heilongjiang, China)

(～省) Nenjiang (a former province of China)


松花江

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ faː⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ faː⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

松花 is a phono-semantic matching of Manchu ᠰᡠᠩᡤᠠᡵᡳ (sunggari), as in ᠰᡠᠩᡤᠠᡵᡳ
ᡠᠯᠠ (sunggari ula, “Songhua River”). The original meaning of sunggari may be “Milky Way”; cf. ᠰᡠᠩᡤᠠᡵᡳ
ᠪᡳᡵᠠ (sunggari bira, “Milky Way”).

psm

Songhua River (a river in northeastern China)


太行山

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Taihang Mountains (a mountain range running down the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau in the Henan, Shanxi, and Hebei provinces of China)


青海

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (青海):
* → Japanese: 青海(せいかい) (Seikai)
* → Korean: 청해(青海) (Cheonghae)
* → Vietnamese: Thanh Hải (青海)

desc

→ English: Tsinghai, Tsing-hai, Qinghai, Ch'ing-hai

→ Georgian: ცინგხაი (cingxai)

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴ hoi̯³¹/

/t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ hoɪ³¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai⁴⁵³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ hai⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hai⁴¹/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ hai⁵²/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ he²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴ hoi̯³¹/

/t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ hoɪ³¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai⁴⁵³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³²/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ hai⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hai⁴¹/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ hai⁵²/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ he²¹/

Compare similar-meaning names for Qinghai Lake in other languages: Tibetan མཚོ་སྔོན (mtsho sngon), མཚོ་སྔོན་པོ (mtsho sngon po, “blue lake”), Mongolian ᠬᠥᠬᠡ
ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ (köke naɣur, “blue lake”).

ncog

Haven’t you seen by Kokonor white bones from ancient times that have never been recovered?

8th century, 杜甫 (Du Fu), 兵車行 (The Army Wagons: A Ballad); translated by Stephen Owen

Jūn bùjiàn Qīnghǎi tóu, gǔlái báigǔ wúrén shōu.

君不見青海頭，古來白骨無人收。

君不见青海头，古来白骨无人收。

(～湖) Qinghai, Qinghai Lake (a large lake in Qinghai province, the largest in China)

(～省) Qinghai (a province of China; capital: Xining)


青海

Qinghai (a province in northwestern China)


黃河

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (黃河):
* → Japanese: 黄(こう)河(が) (Kōga)
* → Korean: 황하(黃河) (Hwangha)
* → Vietnamese: Hoàng Hà (黃河)

desc

خْوَانْغْخِي

هْوَانْغْهِي

اَلنَّهْر اَلْأَصْفَر

→ Arabic: خْوَانْغْخِي (ḵwānḡḵī), هْوَانْغْهِي (hwānḡhī), اَلنَّهْر اَلْأَصْفَر (an-nahr al-ʔaṣfar) (calque)

→ Armenian: Հուանհե (Huanhe)

→ Czech: Chuang-che, Žlutá řeka (calque)

→ Dutch: Hoangho, Gele Rivier (calque)

→ English: Huang He, Huang Ho, Hwang Ho, Yellow River (calque)

→ Finnish: Keltainenjoki (calque)

→ French: Huang He, Houang-Ho, fleuve Jaune (calque)

→ German: Huang He, Gelber Fluss (calque)

Κίτρινος Ποταμός

→ Greek: Κίτρινος Ποταμός (Kítrinos Potamós) (calque)

→ Hindi: ह्वांगहो (hvāṅgho)

→ Hungarian: Sárga-folyó (calque)

→ Italian: Huang He, Fiume Giallo (calque)

→ Korean: 황허 (Hwangheo)

→ Malay: Sungai Kuning (calque)

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩ ᡥᠣ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ

⇒ Manchu: ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩ
ᡥᠣ
ᠪᡳᡵᠠ (hūwang ho bira)

→ Mongolian: Шар мөрөн (Šar mörön) (calque)

→ Mangghuer: xira muroon (calque)

→ Persian: رود زرد (calque)

→ Polish: Rzeka Żółta (calque)

→ Portuguese: Huang He, Rio Amarelo (calque)

Жёлтая река́

→ Russian: Хуанхэ́ (Xuanxɛ́), Жёлтая река́ (Žóltaja reká) (calque)

→ Spanish: Huang He, río Amarillo (calque)

→ Tagalog: Ilog na Dilaw (calque)

→ Uyghur: سېرىق دەريا (sëriq derya) (calque)

⇒ Zhuang: Dahvangzhoz

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/xuɑŋ²⁴ xə²⁴/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

/vɔŋ²² hᵘɔ²²/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/ŋ̍²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/uĩ¹³⁻²² ho¹³/

/ŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ho⁵⁵/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ɦu⁴⁴/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ɦəu³³/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/xuɑŋ²⁴ xə²⁴/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

/vɔŋ²² hᵘɔ²²/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/ŋ̍²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/uĩ¹³⁻²² ho¹³/

/ŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ho⁵⁵/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ɦu⁴⁴/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ɦəu³³/

The large amount of sand in the river makes the river appear yellow.
Earliest extant authentic attestions of 黃河 are in Pei Songzhi's Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms [5th century CE]:
*
*
Lee (2004) and Hargett (2021) propose that the earliest occurrence of 黃河 is in Book of Han 16.527 [1st century CE]; yet Wang Niansun (王念孫) (1831) stated that the letter 黃 there was a later interpolation.

In Weishi Chunqiu, (Yuan) Shao's exhortation to the provinces and commanderies is recorded thus: “… my main armies sail across the Yellow River to assail his (Cao Cao's) front, and the Jing province's troops descend on Wan and Ye to attack his rear, …”

Pei Songzhi, Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 5ᵗʰ century CE

“Wèishì Chūnqiū” zǎi Shào xí zhōujùn wén yuē: “...... Dàjūn fàn Huánghé yǐ jué qí qián, Jīngzhōu xià wǎn yè ér jī qí hòu......”

《魏氏春秋》載紹檄州郡文曰：「……大軍汎黃河以角其前，荊州下宛葉而犄其後……」

《魏氏春秋》载绍檄州郡文曰：「……大军泛黄河以角其前，荆州下宛叶而犄其后……」

In Account of Emperor Xian, it's said: … (Ju) Shou looked over the ford, sighed, and said: “Above filled with ambition, below obsessed with achievements. O everlasting Yellow River, shall I return?”

“Xiàndì zhuàn” yuē:...... Shòu lín jì tàn yuē: “Shàng yíng qí zhì, xià wù qí gōng, yōuyōu Huánghé, wú qí fǎn hū?”

《獻帝傳》曰：……授臨濟歎曰：「上盈其志，下務其功，悠悠黃河，吾其反乎？」

《献帝传》曰：……授临济叹曰：「上盈其志，下务其功，悠悠黄河，吾其反乎？」

The Yellow River is spacious; its fishes are numerous; I came to the ford yet did not cross.

3rd century, 孔叢子 (Kǒngcóngzǐ) (The Many Kong Family Master's Anthology), attributed to 孔鮒 (Kong Fu)

Huánghé yángyáng, yōuyōu zhī yú, lín jīn bù jì.

黃河洋洋，悠悠之魚，臨津不濟。

黄河洋洋，悠悠之鱼，临津不济。

Have you not seen that the waters of the Yellow River come from the sky, surging into the ocean, never to return again.

Jūn bùjiàn Huánghé zhī shuǐ tiānshàng lái, bēnliú dào hǎi bù fùhuí.

君不見黃河之水天上來，奔流到海不復回。

君不见黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回。

Yellow River, Huang He (a major river in northern China, passing through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces as well as Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions)


延安

→ English: Yan'an, Yanan, Yenan, Yen-an

/jɛn³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/jiːn²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/yoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/ɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³/

/ɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² an³³/

/iɛn¹³⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/iɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/iɛn²³⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/jɛn³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/jiːn²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/yoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/ɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³/

/ɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² an³³/

/iɛn¹³⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/iɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/iɛn²³⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

(～市) Yan'an, Yanan (a prefecture-level city of Shaanxi, China)


黄河

黄河 (canonical)
Kōga (romanization)
Kwauga (romanization)
くわうが (hiragana historical)

黄河文明


大進

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

(～鎮) Dajin (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


王城

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/voŋ¹¹ saŋ¹¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ siã²³/

/wɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/voŋ¹¹ saŋ¹¹/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² siã¹³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ siã²³/

(historical) Wangcheng (a town in Henan, China; modern Luoyang)

(～鎮) Wangcheng (a town in Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


天堂

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiæ̃²⁴ tʰɑŋ²⁴/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/hen³³ hɔŋ²²/

/tʰi̯en²⁴ tʰoŋ¹¹/

/tʰieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nouŋ⁵³/

/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ tɒŋ¹³/

/tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ tɒŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰĩ³³ tŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰĩ³³⁻²³ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ dɑ̃²¹/

/tʰie⁴⁴ dɑ̃³¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiæ̃²⁴ tʰɑŋ²⁴/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/hen³³ hɔŋ²²/

/tʰi̯en²⁴ tʰoŋ¹¹/

/tʰieŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nouŋ⁵³/

/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ tɒŋ¹³/

/tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ tɒŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰĩ³³ tŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰĩ³³⁻²³ tɯŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi⁵⁵ dɑ̃²¹/

/tʰie⁴⁴ dɑ̃³¹/

Calque of Sanskrit देवसभा (devasabhā, “hall of the gods”).

cal

(～鎮) Tiantang (a town in Ningyuan, Yongzhou, Hunan, China)


Mei

The Paochi Special District Revolutionary Committee held an on-the-spot symposium on implementation of policies in Mei County and exemplary models were set up later in the various countries and communes.

1969 May 23 [1969 May 19], “Activities in Shensi”, in Daily Report: Communist China, volume I, number 100, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Sian Shensi Provincial, translation of original in Mandarin, →OCLC, page H 3:

The striking news on the appearance of a Bigfoot on Taibai Mountain in Xi'an, Shaanxi Provnice^([sic – meaning Province]) recently spread among local residents of Mei County located near the foot of Taibai Mountain. Is Taibai Mountain really home to a Bigfoot?
Who encountered the Bigfoot on Taibai Mountain?
Reporters interviewed many residents of Mei County, and their accounts varied.

2010 October 15, “Bigfoot sighted on Taibai Mountain”, in 叶欣, editor, People's Daily, archived from the original on 2015-05-23:


白帝

/paɪ̯³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ti⁵¹/

(～鎮) Baidi (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)


長子

→ English: Ch'ang-tzu, Zhangzi

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～縣) Zhangzi (a county of Changzhi, Shanxi, China)


樊城

/fän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/fän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～區) Fancheng (a district of Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


Dzungaria

/(d)zʊŋˈɡɑːɹiə/

/(d)zʊŋˈɡɛəɹiə/

Dzungharia (alternative)
Dzhungaria (alternative)
Dzhungharia (alternative)
Zungaria (alternative)
Zungharia (alternative)
Zhungaria (alternative)
Zhungharia (alternative)
Dsungaria (alternative)
Djungaria (alternative)

Little Bucharia is separated, on the north, by the chain of the Celestial Mountains, from Dzungaria, which is inhabited by nomade Calmucks, and is terminated on the north by Siberia.

1829 April, “Dictionary of Tibetan Language”, in The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British India and Its Dependencies, volume 27, number 160, →OCLC, page 432:

Prejevalsky’s Horse, which has been found in Central Asia near Zaisan and in the desert of Dzungaria, is described by Poliakof (“Annals of Natural History,” 1881, p. 16, et seq.) as intermediate between the horse and the ass.

1896, M. Horace Hayes, “Wild Horses”, in Points of the Horse: A Familiar Treatise on Equine Conformation, 2nd edition, London: Hurst and Blackett, Limited, →OCLC, page 273:

No traditional Chinese dynasty ever governed the whole of Dzungaria. None was capable of or interested in doing so, but the rich oases of the Tarim basin frequently came under imperial control.² Dzungaria was first united with China in the Mongol empire, but it was not until the Manchu or Ch'ing dynasty (1644-1911) that Peking developed a positive policy toward this vast area of mountains, steppe, and desert.

1966, George Moseley, A Sino-Soviet Cultural Frontier: the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Chou, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, →OCLC, pages 3–4:

An oil field was discovered at Karamai in 1955, the first of a number to be found in Dzungaria. This oil find has greatly helped China’s industrial development, and the oil fields are now linked to Lanchow by pipeline and by rail. Large refineries have been built at Lanchow and at Tushantzu in Dzungaria.

1971, Robert Clayton, “Sinkiang”, in China (Finding Out About GEOGRAPHY), New York: John Day Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 12, column 1:

We drove from the Ili valley through the whole of Dzungaria, took the train out of Sinkiang, and continued down the Kansu corridor by car all the way to the Shensi border.

1979, Jan Myrdal, translated by Ann Hening, The Silk Road: A Journey from the High Pamirs and Ili through Sinkiang and Kansu, New York: Pantheon Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 3:

Xinjiang is China’s biggest administrative division, sprawling across 1.6 million square kilometers of some of the world’s harshest terrain. It consists of the Tarim basin, covered by the world’s second largest sand desert, and Dzungaria, an area of mixed desert, steppe, and forest.[…]
Today the region’s ethnic minority population is dominated by Muslim Turkic peoples, Uyghurs in the Tarim basin and Kazakhs in Dzungaria; hence the region was once called “Chinese Turkestan” and seen as culturally part of Central Asia.

2017 July 29, John Lee, “12 Regions of China: Xinjiang”, in The Diplomat, archived from the original on 2017-07-30:

A geographical region in northwestern China.


漢江

/xän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːn³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/xän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːn³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

Han River (a left tributary of the Yangtze in Shaanxi and Hubei, China)

(～街道) Hanjiang (a subdistrict of Fancheng district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


ปักกิ่ง

th-proper noun

ปักกิ่ง • (bpàk-gìng)

Learned borrowing from Cantonese 北京 (bak1 ging1).

lbor

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


Gobi

From Mongolian Говь (Govʹ) or ᠭᠣᠪᠢ (Ɣobi).

In winter the thermometer on the Mongolian plateau sometimes drops to –40° Fahrenheit, yet the camels wander about with no sense of suffering. On the other hand, the Russian explorer, Prejevalski, found the temperature of the ground in the Gobi Desert in summer to be more than 140° Fahrenheit, and the camels are apparently as indifferent to this degree of heat as they are to the winter cold.

1901 December 21, “Science and Industry”, in The Friend: A Religious and Literary Journal, volume LXXV, number 23, →OCLC, page 181, column 1:

These missionaries were good people of whose devotion America can be proud. Some months later under Boxer mob-violence they were driven out on to the Gobi Desert. But the Tao Tai gave them protection which saw them safely across the desert to the Russian frontier, though with much hardship.

1951, Herbert Hoover, The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover, Years of Adventure 1874-1920, New York: Macmillan Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 44:

In 1941, Chang traveled to the remote Gobi Desert in Northwest China and lived in the Tun Huang Caves for two years and seven months.

1975 August 24, “Picasso, Chinese artists in Taipei show”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVI, number 33, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2:

The Gobi Desert is a large desert in Asia. It covers about 500,000 square miles (1,294,994 sq km), stretching from the Tien Shan Mountains in the west and across southeastern Mongolia and northern China.

2013, Moly Aloian, The Gobi Desert (Deserts Around the World), Crabtree Publishing Company, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 4:

The same livestock population explosion is damaging the overgrazed grasslands surrounding China’s Gobi Desert, where the dust storms are also increasing dramatically.

2013, Al Gore, “Outgrowth”, in The Future: Six Drivers of Global Change, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 193:

In November, I visited China’s rocket base deep in the frozen Gobi Desert to witness the launch of three astronauts during the Shenzhou 15 mission to China’s new space station.

2022 December 16, Keith Bradsher, “A Visit Inside China’s Desert Rocket Base”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-16, Science:

Beijing regularly faces dust storms in March and April due to its proximity to the Gobi desert as well as deforestation throughout northern China.

2023 March 22, “China: Sandstorms blanket Beijing as air pollution spikes”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2023-03-22:

A large desert in Asia, spanning the countries of Mongolia and China.


江都

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Jiangdu (the former capital of China), now Yangzhou


廣東

ja-r

広東(こうとう) (Kōtō)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (廣東):
* → Japanese: 広東(こうとう) (Kōtō)
* → Okinawan: 広東(くゎんとぅん) (Kwantun)
* → Korean: 광동(廣東) (Gwangdong)
* → Vietnamese: Quảng Đông (廣東)

→ English: Guangdong, Kwangtung

→ French: Guangdong, Kouang-tong

→ Korean: 광둥 (Gwangdung)

→ Manchu: ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᡩᡠᠩ (guwangdung)

→ Mongolian: ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩᠳᠦᠩ (ɣuwangdüng)

→ Portuguese: Cantão

→ English: Canton

→ Japanese: 広東(カントン) (Kanton)

→ French: Canton

→ Italian: Canton

→ Russian: Канто́н (Kantón)

→? Spanish: Cantón

→ Russian: Гуанду́н (Guandún)

→ Thai: กวางตุ้ง (gwaang-dtûng)

→ Zhuang: Guengjdoeng, Gvangjdungh

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵ ɵŋ³³/

/koŋ³¹ tuŋ²⁴/

/koŋ²⁴⁻³³ tuŋ⁵³/

/kuɔŋ³¹ tʊŋ⁴⁴/

/kuoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nøyŋ⁵⁵/

/kuŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɒŋ⁵³³/

/kŋ̍³³²⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ taŋ³³/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ taŋ⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ taŋ³³/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ taŋ⁴⁴/

/kuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ taŋ⁴⁴/

/kɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ taŋ³³/

/kuɑ̃³³ toŋ⁴⁴/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵ ɵŋ³³/

/koŋ³¹ tuŋ²⁴/

/koŋ²⁴⁻³³ tuŋ⁵³/

/kuɔŋ³¹ tʊŋ⁴⁴/

/kuoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nøyŋ⁵⁵/

/kuŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɒŋ⁵³³/

/kŋ̍³³²⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ taŋ³³/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ taŋ⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ taŋ³³/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ taŋ⁴⁴/

/kuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ taŋ⁴⁴/

/kɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ taŋ³³/

/kuɑ̃³³ toŋ⁴⁴/

Named after Guangnan East Circuit (廣南東路／广南东路 (Guǎngnán Dōng Lù)) of the Song dynasty, which was abbreviated as 廣東路 (Guǎngdōng Lù).

zh-l

廣南東路／广南东路 (Guǎngnán Dōng Lù)

Zhou Qufei, Representative Answers from the Region beyond the Mountains, 12ᵗʰ century CE

Zì Qín shì yǒu Wǔlǐng zhī shuō, jiē zhǐ shān míng zhī. Kǎo zhī, nǎi rù lǐng zhī tú wǔ ěr, fēi bì shān yě. Zì Fújiàn zhī Tīng, rù Guǎngdōng zhī Xún, Méi, yī yě.

自秦世有五嶺之說，皆指山名之。考之，乃入嶺之途五耳，非必山也。自福建之汀，入廣東之循、梅，一也。

自秦世有五岭之说，皆指山名之。考之，乃入岭之途五耳，非必山也。自福建之汀，入广东之循、梅，一也。

(～省) Guangdong (a populous province of China, located on the southern coast)


鴛鴦

/ɥɛn⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɥɛn⁵⁵ jɑŋ²/

/jyːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/

/jiːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/

/yɵn⁴² iɔŋ²/

/i̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯oŋ²⁴/

/ʒan⁵³ ʒoŋ⁵³/

/yiŋ⁵⁴ iɔŋ⁵⁴/

/ɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋieu⁵³³/

/ɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))nieu⁵³³/

/ɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋiu⁵⁴⁴/

/uan⁴⁴⁻²² iũ⁴⁴/

/uan⁴⁴⁻³³ iũ⁴⁴/

/uan⁴⁴⁻²² iɔ̃⁴⁴/

/uaŋ³³⁻²³ ĩõ³³/

/ɥɛn⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɥɛn⁵⁵ jɑŋ²/

/jyːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/

/jiːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/

/yɵn⁴² iɔŋ²/

/i̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯oŋ²⁴/

/ʒan⁵³ ʒoŋ⁵³/

/yiŋ⁵⁴ iɔŋ⁵⁴/

/ɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋieu⁵³³/

/ɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))nieu⁵³³/

/ɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋiu⁵⁴⁴/

/uan⁴⁴⁻²² iũ⁴⁴/

/uan⁴⁴⁻³³ iũ⁴⁴/

/uan⁴⁴⁻²² iɔ̃⁴⁴/

/uaŋ³³⁻²³ ĩõ³³/

(～鄉) Yuanyang (a township in Maojian district, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


Lhásza

Lhásza (nominative singular)
Lhászát (accusative singular)
Lhászának (dative singular)
Lhászával (instrumental singular)
Lhászáért (causal-final singular)
Lhászává (singular translative)
Lhászáig (singular terminative)
Lhászaként (essive-formal singular)
Lhászában (inessive singular)
Lhászán (singular superessive)
Lhászánál (adessive singular)
Lhászába (illative singular)
Lhászára (singular sublative)
Lhászához (allative singular)
Lhászából (elative singular)
Lhászáról (delative singular)
Lhászától (ablative singular)
Lhászáé (singular)
Lhászáéi (singular)
Lhászám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Lhászád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Lhászája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Lhászánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Lhászátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Lhászájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)

Lhasa (the capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


江山

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ se²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ se²¹/

(～市) Jiangshan (a county-level city of Quzhou, Zhejiang, China)


青衣

→ English: Tsing Yi

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ i⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹ i/

/t͡ɕʰĩ³¹⁻³³ i³¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jiː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ jiː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰəŋ²¹³ zi²¹/

/ˈt͡ɕʰin⁴² i⁴²/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁴ i⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² i⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ i²¹/

/t͡ɕʰin³³ i³⁴/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³ i⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin³³ i³³/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ i⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹ i/

/t͡ɕʰĩ³¹⁻³³ i³¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jiː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ jiː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰəŋ²¹³ zi²¹/

/ˈt͡ɕʰin⁴² i⁴²/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁴ i⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² i⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ i²¹/

/t͡ɕʰin³³ i³⁴/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³ i⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin³³ i³³/

(～江) Qingyi River (a river in Sichuan, China)


錦繡

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɐm³⁵ sɐu̯³³/

/kim⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siu⁴¹/

/ɡim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu¹¹/

/ɡim⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siu²¹/

/ɡim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu²¹/

/t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɐm³⁵ sɐu̯³³/

/kim⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siu⁴¹/

/ɡim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu¹¹/

/ɡim⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siu²¹/

/ɡim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu²¹/

(～村) Jinxiu (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


昭陽

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～區) Zhaoyang (a district of Zhaotong, Yunnan, China)


陽春

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun³³/

/iɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun³³/

/iɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

(～市) Yangchun (a county-level city of Yangjiang, Guangdong, China)

(～社區) Yangchun (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


Makaó

Makaó (nominative singular)
Makaót (accusative singular)
Makaónak (dative singular)
Makaóval (instrumental singular)
Makaóért (causal-final singular)
Makaóvá (singular translative)
Makaóig (singular terminative)
Makaóként (essive-formal singular)
Makaóban (inessive singular)
Makaón (singular superessive)
Makaónál (adessive singular)
Makaóba (illative singular)
Makaóra (singular sublative)
Makaóhoz (allative singular)
Makaóból (elative singular)
Makaóról (delative singular)
Makaótól (ablative singular)
Makaóé (singular)
Makaóéi (singular)
Makaóm (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Makaód (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Makaója (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Makaónk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Makaótok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Makaójuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)

Macau (a city, special administrative region, and peninsula in China, west of Hong Kong)


Տիբեթ

head

Տիբեթ • (Tibetʻ)

hy-proper noun

Տիբեթ • (Tibetʻ)

Tibetʻ (romanization)
Տիբեթ (nominative singular singular-only)
Տիբեթի (dative singular singular-only)
Տիբեթից (ablative singular singular-only)
Տիբեթով (instrumental singular singular-only)
Տիբեթում (locative singular singular-only)
Տիբեթը (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Տիբեթն (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Տիբեթին (dative definite singular singular-only)
Տիբեթս (first-person nominative possessive singular singular-only)
Տիբեթիս (dative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Տիբեթիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Տիբեթովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular singular-only)
Տիբեթումս (first-person locative possessive singular singular-only)
Տիբեթդ (nominative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Տիբեթիդ (dative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Տիբեթիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Տիբեթովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Տիբեթումդ (locative possessive second-person singular singular-only)

hy-decl-noun-unc

Տիբեթը / Տիբեթն

Տիբեթները / Տիբեթներն

Տիբեթներումս

Տիբեթներումդ


Moğolistan

Moğolistan (nominative singular)
Moğolistan'ı (accusative definite singular)
Moğolistan'a (dative singular)
Moğolistan'da (locative singular)
Moğolistan'dan (ablative singular)
Moğolistan'ın (genitive singular)
Moğolistan'ım (first-person singular)
Moğolistanlarım (first-person singular)
Moğolistan'larım (first-person singular)
Moğolistan'ın (second-person singular)
Moğolistanların (second-person singular)
Moğolistan'ların (second-person singular)
Moğolistan'ı (singular third-person)
Moğolistanları (singular third-person)
Moğolistan'ları (singular third-person)
Moğolistan'ımız (first-person plural)
Moğolistanlarımız (first-person plural)
Moğolistan'larımız (first-person plural)
Moğolistan'ınız (plural second-person)
Moğolistanlarınız (plural second-person)
Moğolistan'larınız (plural second-person)
Moğolistan'ı (plural third-person)
Moğolistanları (plural third-person)
Moğolistan'ları (plural third-person)

(chiefly historical) Mongolia (a Mongolian-speaking geographic region in East Asia, including the country of Mongolia (Outer Mongolia), the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia in China, and sometimes also Buryatia, Tuva and the Altai Republic in Russia)


江陵

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ lɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Jiangling (a county of Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


仙居

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/siːn⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/siːn⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Xianju (a township in Dongbao district, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


中堂

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ tɒŋ¹³/

dyoeng¹ dorng² [Phonetic:dyoeng⁵ dorng²]

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ tɒŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ tɒŋ¹³/

/tyøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ tɒŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tɔŋ¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔŋ²³/

(～鎮) Zhongtang (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


問安

/wən⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/mɐn²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/bun²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/bun⁴¹⁻²² an³³/

/bun³³⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/bun³³⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/mŋ̍³³⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/mŋ̍²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/mŋ̍³³⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/wən⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/mɐn²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/bun²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/bun⁴¹⁻²² an³³/

/bun³³⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/bun³³⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/mŋ̍³³⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/mŋ̍²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/mŋ̍³³⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Wen'an (a town in Zhijiang, Yichang, Hubei, China)


鳳儀

(～鄉) Fengyi (a township in Zongyang, Tongling, Anhui, China)


漢陽

→ English: Hanyang, Han-yang

/xän⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/hɔːn³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/xän⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/hɔːn³³ jœːŋ²¹/

Yang (north) of the Han River; based on Yin and yang toponymy in which north is associated with yang. Hanyang was situated to the north of the Han River until a later shift in the course of the river.

Every tree in Han-yang becomes clear in the water,
And Parrot Island is a nest of sweet grasses;

8th century CE, 1920, trans., Cui Hao, Witter Bynner, trans., The Yellow Crane Terrace 黃鶴樓, p.329, p.331, trans. →ISBN

Qíng chuān lìlì Hànyáng shù, fāngcǎo qīqī yīngwǔ zhōu.

晴川歷歷漢陽樹，芳草萋萋鸚鵡洲。

晴川历历汉阳树，芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。

(～區) Hanyang (a district of Wuhan, Hubei, China)


Anhui

Anhuei (alternative)
An-hwei (alternative)
Anhwei (alternative)
An-hui (alternative)

He found nothing but disorder at the Taeping capital, and no troops with which he could venture to assume the offensive against the powerful army, in numbers at all events, that the two Tsengs had drawn round Nanking. In this position his troubles were increased by the suspicion of Tien Wang, who deprived him of all his honours, and banished him to the province of Anhui, adjacent to both Kiangsi and Kiangsu, and joined with him in the same viceroyalty.

1896, Demetrius Charles Boulger, The Life of Gordon, 4th edition, T. Fisher Unwin, →OCLC, →OL, page 75:

Some idea of the extent of the calamity, which is due to the excessive rains of the summer, resulting in the complete failure of the crops and the destruction of many homesteads, may be gathered from the fact that the committee with probably make an appeal for at least £250,000. Help will be solicited not only from Shanghai, but from Great Britain, America and the continent of Europe. Even should all the amount asked for be raised, it will only permit of an expenditure equal at most to about sixpence per head of the starving and homeless people. For although the term Kiangpeh is conveniently applied to the distressed district, the famine is felt in large portions of the four provinces of Kiangsu, Anhui, Honan, and Shantung, over a tract estimated at 40,000 square miles in area and in the most thickly populated part of the empire.

1907, “THE FAMINE IN KIANGPEH”, in The Missionary Herald, volume 103, number 2, page 92:

The third and latest influence is the Hui style, native to Anhui Province.

1981 March 22, “Chinese opera delights audience at international arts festival”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXII, number 11, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2:

In June, China inaugurated the world's largest floating solar farm in the eastern mining province of Anhui, a facility capable of producing 40 megawatts of power and supplying electricity to some 15,000 homes.

2017 November 25, “Panama Canal aims to become greener with floating solar panels”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2022-06-27:

In one raid, police said they'd found 11 Vietnamese women living in a safe house in China's central Anhui province that belonged to a "marriage agency." The agency charged 3,000 to 10,000 yuan (€386 to €12,86; $450 to $10,500) to connect a Chinese man to a Vietnamese bride.

2019 June 21, “China rescues over 1,000 trafficked women 'sold' as wives”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2019-06-21, News:

As China gradually emerges from a Covid-19 surge that shut down Shanghai for two months, an outbreak in eastern Anhui Province is posing a new challenge to efforts to balance economic growth with the government’s “zero Covid” policy.
There were more than 200 reported cases in Anhui’s Suzhou city on Monday.

2022 July 5, Zixu Wang, “Covid Outbreak Emerges in China’s Anhui Province”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-07-05, The Coronavirus Pandemic:

A province in eastern China. Capital: Hefei.

Anhui · Fujian · Guangdong · Gansu · Guizhou · Henan · Hubei · Hebei · Hainan · Heilongjiang · Hunan · Jilin · Jiangsu · Jiangxi · Liaoning · Qinghai · Sichuan · Shandong · Shaanxi · Shanxi · Taiwan · Yunnan · Zhejiang

Guangxi · Inner Mongolia · Ningxia · Tibet Autonomous Region · Xinjiang

Beijing · Tianjin · Shanghai · Chongqing


安徽

desc

English: Anhui, Anhuei, An-hwei, Anhwei, An-hui (Wade–Giles)

Georgian: ანხუეი (anxuei)

/ˀän⁵⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ fɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ᵘɔn³³ fei³³/

/on²⁴⁻¹¹ fi²⁴/

/aŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋui⁵⁵/

/aŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ hui⁵³³/

/aŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ hui⁵⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ hui³³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ fɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ᵘɔn³³ fei³³/

/on²⁴⁻¹¹ fi²⁴/

/aŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋui⁵⁵/

/aŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ hui⁵³³/

/aŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ hui⁵⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² hui⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ hui⁴⁴/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ hui³³/

From the names of two cities in southern Anhui: 安慶／安庆 (Ānqìng, “Anqing”) and 徽州 (Huīzhōu, “Huizhou”, now Huangshan City).

zh-m

(～省) Anhui (a province in eastern China)


書院

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (書院):
* → Japanese: 書(しょ)院(いん) (shoin)
* → Korean: 서원(書院) (seowon)
* → Vietnamese: thư viện (書院)

/ʂu⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/syː⁵⁵ jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯en⁵⁵/

/ʃu⁵³ ʒan¹¹/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ iɛŋ²⁴²/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ ĩ³³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² ĩ²²/

/t͡sɯ³³ ĩ⁴¹/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² ĩ²²/

/t͡sɯ³³⁻²³ ĩ¹¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ ɦyø²¹/

/ʂu⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵¹/

/syː⁵⁵ jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/su²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯en⁵⁵/

/ʃu⁵³ ʒan¹¹/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ iɛŋ²⁴²/

/su⁴⁴⁻³³ ĩ³³/

/su⁴⁴⁻²² ĩ²²/

/t͡sɯ³³ ĩ⁴¹/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² ĩ²²/

/t͡sɯ³³⁻²³ ĩ¹¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ ɦyø²¹/

(～街道) Shuyuan (a subdistrict of Xiaonan district, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～社區) Shuyuan (a community in Shuyuan Subdistrict, Xiaonan district, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


萬年

/wän⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² nĩ²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ nĩ²⁴/

/wän⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² nĩ²⁴/

/ban²²⁻²¹ nĩ²⁴/

(～縣) Wannian (a county of Shangrao, Jiangxi, China)


涼州

ja-r

涼州(りょうしゅう) (Ryōshū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (涼州):
* → Japanese: 涼州(りょうしゅう) (Ryōshū)
* → Korean: 양주(涼州) (Yangju)

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Liang Province, Liangzhou (a province in ancient China)

(～區) Liangzhou (a district of Wuwei, Gansu, China)


隆中

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～街道) Longzhong (a subdistrict of Xiangcheng district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


Манж

mn-noun

Манж • (Manž) (Mongolian spelling ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ (manǰu))

Manchuria (a geographic region of China)


城池

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/saŋ¹¹ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/

/siã²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/siã¹³⁻²² ti¹³/

/siã²⁴⁻¹¹ ti²⁴/

/siã²³⁻³³ ti²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰiː²¹/

/saŋ¹¹ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/

/siã²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/siã¹³⁻²² ti¹³/

/siã²⁴⁻¹¹ ti²⁴/

/siã²³⁻³³ ti²³/

(～村) Chengchi (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


唐山

→ English: Tangshan, T'ang-shan

Named after the Tang Mountain in the city; the Tang Mountain was named after the Tang Dynasty

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ²² san³³/

/tʰɔŋ¹¹ san⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² suã³³/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²¹ suã⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻²¹ suã³³/

/tŋ̍¹³⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴/

/tʰaŋ¹¹ suã³³⁴/

/tɯŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sũã³³/

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ²² san³³/

/tʰɔŋ¹¹ san⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² suã³³/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²¹ suã⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻²¹ suã³³/

/tŋ̍¹³⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴/

/tʰaŋ¹¹ suã³³⁴/

/tɯŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sũã³³/

Great Tangshan earthquake (1976 Tangshan earthquake)

唐山大地震

(～市) Tangshan (a prefecture-level city in northeastern Hebei, China)

Dacheng Mountain
Dacheng Mountain#English

Tang Mountain, Dacheng Mountain (a hill in the central part of the city of Tangshan, Hebei, China)


池陽

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

Chiyang (a subdistrict of Guichi district, Chizhou, Anhui, China)


平陽

/pʰiŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/pʰi̯aŋ¹¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ iũ²³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/pẽ²³⁻³³ iũ²³/

/pɛ̃¹³⁻²² iɔ̃¹³/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/pʰi̯aŋ¹¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ iũ²³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/pẽ²³⁻³³ iũ²³/

/pɛ̃¹³⁻²² iɔ̃¹³/

(～縣) Pingyang County (a county of Zhejiang, China)


周至

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³³/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³³/

In 1964, the characters for the county were changed from 盩厔 (Zhōuzhì) to 周至 (zhōuzhì).

(～縣) Zhouzhi (a county of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)


螺螄

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩³/

/lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩³/

/lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/

(～村) Luosi (a village in Huilong, Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


Suzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 蘇州 /苏州 (Sūzhōu).

Su-chou (alternative obsolete)
Soochow (alternative obsolete)
Suchow (alternative obsolete)
Suchou (alternative obsolete)

The number of people killed in the collapse of an annex of a hotel in the eastern Chinese city of Suzhou has climbed to 17, local authorities reported Wednesday, according to state news agency Xinhua.

2021 July 14, “China hotel collapse death toll climbs to 17: reports”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2021-07-14:

A prefecture-level city of Jiangsu, China, between Lake Tai and the Yangtze River.

Suzhou Creek

Synonym of Suzhou Creek: A river in Shanghai municipality and Jiangsu, China, between Lake Tai and the Huangpu River; despite its name, it is 78 miles long.

(historical) Su, a former imperial prefecture in modern Jiangsu, China, surrounding the city.


Suzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 宿州 (Sùzhōu).

There were more than 200 reported cases in Anhui's Suzhou city on Monday. Since the outbreak was detected on June 26, the province has reported more than 1,000 cases, according to the Suzhou municipal government.

A prefecture-level city of Anhui, China.


Suzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 肅州 /肃州 (Sùzhōu).

A district of the prefecture-level city of Jiuquan, Gansu, China.

A town in the county-level city of Dunhuang, Jiuquan, Gansu, China.


Suzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 蘇州／苏州 (Sūzhōu).

zh-l

蘇州／苏州 (Sūzhōu)

Suzhou (a prefecture-level city of Jiangsu, China, between Lake Tai and the Yangtze River)

Suzhou Creek
Suzhou Creek#English:_Q907674

Suzhou Creek (a river in Shanghai municipality and Jiangsu, China, between Lake Tai and the Huangpu River; despite its name, it is 78 miles long)


泉州

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (泉州):
* → Japanese: 泉州(せんしゅう) (Senshū)
* → Korean: 천주(泉州) (Cheonju)
* → Vietnamese: Tuyền Châu (泉州)

desc

→ English: Chinchew, Chin-chiu, Chinchu, Ch'uan-chou, Ch'üan-chou, Chuanchow, Cyuanjhou, Quanzhou, Tsuan-tsiu

→ French: Quanzhou

→ Georgian: ციუენჭოუ (ciuenč̣ou)

→ German: Quanzhou

→ Korean: 취안저우 (Chwianjeou)

→ Portuguese: Quanzhou

→ Russian: Цюаньчжо́у (Cjuanʹčžóu)

→ Spanish: Quanzhou

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sũĩ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡siu⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sỹ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡siu⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡suã¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡sĩ¹¹ t͡siu³³⁴/

/t͡sũã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/

/ʑi²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰyːn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sũĩ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡siu⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sỹ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡siu⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡suã¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/t͡sĩ¹¹ t͡siu³³⁴/

/t͡sũã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/

/ʑi²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Quanzhou (a prefecture-level city in southeastern Fujian, China)


泉州

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 泉州 (Quánzhōu)


泉州

chữ Hán form of Tuyền Châu (“Quanzhou (a prefecture-level city in southeastern Fujian, China)”)


湖南

/hu⁵³⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/hɔu¹³⁻¹¹ naŋ¹³/

/hɔu²⁴⁻²¹ naŋ²⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/ɔ¹³⁻²² lam¹³/

/ɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ lam²⁴/

/ɔ²³⁻³³ lam²³/

/ou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lam⁵⁵/

/ou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ nam⁵⁵/

/ɸu¹³ l̃an¹³/

/hu⁵³⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/hɔu¹³⁻¹¹ naŋ¹³/

/hɔu²⁴⁻²¹ naŋ²⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/

/ɔ¹³⁻²² lam¹³/

/ɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ lam²⁴/

/ɔ²³⁻³³ lam²³/

/ou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lam⁵⁵/

/ou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ nam⁵⁵/

/ɸu¹³ l̃an¹³/

(～省) Hunan (a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting)


蓬萊

Uncertain.
It bears striking resemblance to a Southeast Asian word for “sea”. Compare Burmese ပင်လယ် (panglai, “sea; ocean”), Shan ပၢင်ႇလၢႆႇ (pàang làai, “sea; ocean”), Jingpho pang lai (“sea”), S'gaw Karen ပီၣ်လဲၣ် (paẁ leh̀, “sea”). These seem to be borrowings, possibly from a Mon-Khmer language; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *d[n]liʔ (“sea”), whence Old Khmer danle, danley (“large river; lake; sea”) > Khmer ទន្លេ (tɔɔtŭənlei, “river”), Thai ทะเล (tá-lee, “sea”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Alternatively, it may be a transcription of an earlier Austroasiatic name; cf. 萊國／莱国 (Láiguó, “Lai”), an ancient Dongyi tribe, where 萊／莱 (lái) has been argued to transcribe a native word for "mountain" or "wilderness". The latter interpretation was mentioned in the Classical Chinese text Yue Jue Shu (越絕書 [Eastern Han]) and discussed by Zhengzhang (1999).

cog

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/pʰʊŋ²¹ lɔːi̯²¹/

/fʊŋ²¹ lɔːi̯²¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² lai²⁴/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² lai²⁴/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² lai¹³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lai²⁴/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ lai²³/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/pʰʊŋ²¹ lɔːi̯²¹/

/fʊŋ²¹ lɔːi̯²¹/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² lai²⁴/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² lai²⁴/

/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² lai¹³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lai²⁴/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ lai²³/

(～區, formerly ～縣, ～市) Penglai (a district, former county, and former county-level city of Yantai, Shandong, China)


十三

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ sän⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ sæ̃²⁴/

/səʔ⁵⁴ sæ̃¹¹/

/sɛiʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ saŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ ɬɒ⁵³³/

/ɬɛʔ⁴⁻² ɬɒ̃⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² sã⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² sã³³/

/t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ sã⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² sã⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² sã⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻² sã³³/

/zəʔ¹¹ se²³/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ san³³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ sän⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ sæ̃²⁴/

/səʔ⁵⁴ sæ̃¹¹/

/sɛiʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ saŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ ɬɒ⁵³³/

/ɬɛʔ⁴⁻² ɬɒ̃⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² sã⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² sã³³/

/t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ sã⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² sã⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² sã⁴⁴/

/t͡sap̚⁴⁻² sã³³/

/zəʔ¹¹ se²³/

/ʂʐ̩²⁴ san³³/

(～村) Shisan (a village in Huilong, Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


關防

/ku̯än⁵⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/

/kʷaːn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ²¹/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/

/kʷaːn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ²¹/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²⁴/

/kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/

(～鄉) Guanfang (a township in Yunxi, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


Inner Mongolia

inner (near, seen from China proper) + Mongolia

Inner Mongolia has no lakes of any importance, and those of the Kalkas are small; but Kobdo is a country of lakes, as well as of mountains.

1832 August, Le Ming-che Tsing-lae, “Ta-tsing wan-neen yih-tung King-wei Yu-too”, in The Chinese Repository, volume 1, number 4, Canton, page 120:

The twenty-four tribes, or Aimaks, in Inner Mongolia constitute forty-nine standards or Khochoun,—Ke, in Chinese.

1834, Charles Gutzlaff, A Sketch of Chinese History, volume 1, page 12:

The Chinese Communist regime has drastically reduced the size of Inner Mongolia and greatly boosted Chinese immigration there in an effort to reduce the Russian threat on the Mongolian border.[…]
With the heavy concentration of Soviet troops along the borders of Inner Mongolia, Peiping fears that the Mongolians might rise to pave the way for a Russian invasion, the report said.
By cutting up Inner Mongolia and reducing the Mongolian population, the Chinese Communists hope to make their tight control of the Mongolians easier in face of the Russian threat, the report said.

1973 February 4, “Size of Inner Mongolia reduced”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIV, number 5, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

Temperatures in Yakeshi in Inner Mongolia (內蒙古) dropped to minus 28 degrees Celsius yesterday, while Harbin (哈爾濱) in Heilongjiang (黑龍江) province experienced minus 19 degrees.

2016 January 21, Alice Yan, Lai Ying Kit, Mimi Lau, “Incredible scenes as mainland shoppers strip supermarket shelves ahead of big chill”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-01-22, China:

As elsewhere in China, Xinjiang has been stepping up efforts to banish ethnic-minority languages from schools—a policy that has recently triggered protests by parents in Inner Mongolia, a northern region.

2020 October 17, “Orphaned by the state”, in The Economist, volume 437, number 9216, page 37:

The Shenzhou 13 space capsule landed in the Gobi desert in the northern region of Inner Mongolia, shown live on state TV.

2022 April 16, “Chinese astronauts land after 6 months on space station”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-04-16:

The number of deaths due to a collapse of a mine in northern China’s Inner Mongolia region climbed to six as rescue efforts to locate the 47 missing continued, state media reported Friday.

2023 February 24, “China mine collapse death toll climbs to 6”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2023-02-24:

An autonomous region of China, south of Mongolia, with closely related native Mongolian population, mostly north of the Great Wall. Capital: Hohhot.

内モンゴル

うちモンゴル, Uchi Mongoru, ないモンゴル, Nai Mongoru


Сянган

ru-proper noun+

Сянга́н • (Sjangán) m inan (genitive Сянга́на, relational adjective сянга́нский)

Сянга́н (canonical)
Sjangán (romanization)
Сянга́на (genitive)
сянга́нский (adjective relational)
Сянга́н (nominative singular)
Сянга́на (genitive singular)
Сянга́ну (dative singular)
Сянга́н (accusative singular)
Сянга́ном (instrumental singular)
Сянга́не (prepositional singular)

Гонко́нг Гонконг#Russian

synonym of Гонко́нг (Gonkóng): Hong Kong (a city, island and special administrative region in southeastern China)


東阿

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀɤ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɔː⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀɤ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɔː⁵⁵/

(～縣) Dong'e County (a county of Liaocheng, Shandong, China)


Makalu

In 1883 Colonel Tanner visited Falut, and found that Everest was barely visible from there, being almost shut out from view, and entirely surpassed in appearance by Makalu (height 27,790 feet), a lower though nearer peak ; it was Makalu that Schlagintweit mistook for Everest, and it was Makalu that he drew as Everest, both in his panorama of the snows from Falut, and in his picture, which is preserved at the India Office.

1904 November 10, S. G. Burrard, “Mount Everest: The Story of a Long Controversy”, in Nature, volume 71, number 1828, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 44:

Located on the border between Nepal and China, Makalu is among the highest mountains in the world and stands near the Makalu-Barun valley, a remote wilderness that has also been surveyed by researchers hunting for the Yeti.

2019 April 30, Devjyot Ghoshal, “Beast from the east: Indian soldiers reckon they've found Yeti footprints”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2019-05-01, World News:

You think a selfie from the summit of Makalu is gonna get Everest-levels of Instagram love? Of course not. Who gives a shit about Makalu? It's only the ninth tallest mountain on Earth. Or rather it would be, if it existed, which it doesn't, cause I just made it up, and none of you noticed, and that's the point. Or- it would be, if I had made it up. In fact Makalu is neither imaginary, nor the ninth tallest mountain- it's the fifth tallest and that's the point. Or rather it would be, if that were even Makalu, in fact that's the view from Mount Everest and you didn't notice cause the only thing most of us know about mountain climbing is that a bored investment banker's selfie from the summit of Everest is fire, because goals, and thus deserves some serious Insta-love and that is the point here.

2019 June 24, John Oliver, 18:15 from the start, in Everest: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, HBO:

A mountain in the Himalayas, on the border between Sankhuwasabha district, Koshi, Nepal and Tingri County, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China; the world’s fifth highest mountain.


Lhotse

Mount Everest was only 3 or 4 miles away from us. From it to the South-east swept a huge amphitheatre of mighty peaks culminating in a new and unsurveyed peak, 28,100 feet in height, to which we gave the name of Lhotse, which in Tibetan means the South Peak.

1922, C. K. Howard-Bury, Mount Everest: The Reconnaissance, 1921, Longmans, Green and Co., →OCLC, →OL, page 116:

These Swiss mountaineers, led by Albert Eggler (third from left), reported from Nepal last week that they had not only conquered Lhotse, at 28,100 feet the world's highest hitherto unclimbed peak, but twice climbed its 29,002-foot twin. Mount Everest, previously scaled only by Sir Edmund Hillary and the Sherpa guide, Tenzing Norgay, in 1953.

1956 June 11, “Triple Play”, in Newsweek, volume XLVII, number 24, Weekly Publications, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, International, page 58:

Steck was in the area acclimatizing ahead of a bid to climb Everest through the less-climbed West Ridge route and traverse to Lhotse, the world's fourth highest peak - at 8,516 meters (27,940 feet) in May.

2017 April 30, Gopal Sharma, “Swiss climber falls to death, preparing for Mount Everest ascent”, in Sam Holmes, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2017-04-30, World News:

On the 8516-meter-high Lhotse, the fourth highest of all mountains, the two Americans skied down the so-called “Dream Line”: from the summit through the narrow, 45 to 50 degrees steep Lhotse Couloir down to Camp 2 in the Western Qwm at 6,400 meters. “We did it,” Jim writes about a photo of his ski tips that he posted on Instagram today: “Ski tips about to make the first turn ever off the summit of Lhotse. Almost 28,000’ the summit was sugar snow and extra steep. A few careful turns and a hop got me into the couloir to complete a dream I’ve been working towards for a lifetime.”

2018 October 4, Jim Morrison, quotee, “Nelson and Morrison succeed historic ski descent from Lhotse”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2020-12-02:

A Himalayan mountain on the border between Nepal and China, the fourth highest in the world.


淮南

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ nän³⁵/

/huai⁵³⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/ɦua²² nø⁴⁴/

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ nän³⁵/

/huai⁵³⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/

/ɦua²² nø⁴⁴/

(～市) Huainan (a prefecture-level city of Anhui, China)


Pekino

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


瑯琊

/lɑŋ³⁵ jä³⁵/

/lɑŋ³⁵ jɛ³⁵/

/lɔːŋ²¹ jɛː²¹/

/lɔːŋ²¹ ŋaː²¹/

/lɑŋ³⁵ jä³⁵/

/lɑŋ³⁵ jɛ³⁵/

/lɔːŋ²¹ jɛː²¹/

/lɔːŋ²¹ ŋaː²¹/

(～區) Langya (a district of Chuzhou, Anhui, China)

(～山) Mount Langya (a mountain southwest Chuzhou, Anhui, China)

(～鎮) Langya (a town in Huangdao district, Qingdao, Shandong, China)

(～鎮) Langya (a town in Wucheng district, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)

(～鎮) Langya (a town in Qu, Dazhou, Sichuan, China)


Catai

From Latin Kitai etc., from its Khitan original Khita(n), probably via Uyghur.

Cianglu est encore une mout grant cité ver midi; est au Grant Kan et de la provence dou Catai. Lor monoie est de carte. Il sunt ydres et font ardoir les cors mors.

c. 1300 [c. 1298], Marco Polo et al., Milione [Million], translation of Le divisement dou monde by Marco Polo and Rustichello da Pisa (in Old French); republished as “Della città di Ciaglu [On the city of Chaglu]” (chapter 128), in Antonio Lanza, editor, Il Milione di Marco Polo, L'Unità - Editori Riuniti, 1982:

Changlu is a very large city in the province of Cathay: under the Great Khan: they [the people] are idolaters; they use paper money, and burn their dead.

questa, se non sapete, Angelica era,
del gran Can del Catai la figlia altiera

1516–1532, Ludovico Ariosto, “Canto 19”, in Orlando furioso, stanza 1; republished as Santorre Debenedetti, editor, Bari: Laterza, 1928:

This, if you don't know, was Angelica, the haughty daughter of the Great Khan of Cathay.

Pispigliavan le rose: Oh! la regina
del Catai si fa sposa.
Angelica, gemeano i fiordispina,
là, nel Catai, riposa

1872–1880, Giovanni Pascoli, Astolfo^(https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Poesie_varie_(Pascoli)/1872-1880/Astolfo), lines 29–32; republished in Maria Pascoli, compiler, Poesie varie di Giovanni Pascoli^(https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Poesie_varie_(Pascoli)), Bologna: Nicola Zanichelli, 1913, page 62:

The roses whispered: "Oh, the queen of Cathay becomes a bride." "Angelica", moaned the hawthorne, "rests there, in Cathay."

(historical) Cathay (the historical name of northern China)


石井

→ English: Shijing, Shih-ching

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Shijing (a town in Nan'an, Quanzhou, Fujian, China)

(～社區) Shijing (a residential community in Shijing, Nan'an, Quanzhou, Fujian, China)


Ürümqi

Defense Mapping Agency
SASM/GNC romanization
Ürümqi

Borrowed from Uyghur ئۈرۈمچى (ürümchi) via its official SASM/GNC/SRC romanization. See there for more.

Urumchi (alternative)
Ürümchi (alternative)
Urumqi (alternative)
Urumtsi (alternative dated)
Orumtsi (alternative)

As also proved from statistical figures, different wind conditions are established over some marginal parts of China. Harbin/15, which records 50% of all directions from SE, S and SW, underlines atypical wind conditions which exist over northeastern China. The same is true for Lhasa/239 which experiences 44% of all directions from NE, E and SE, and Ürümqi/269 which records 38% of all winds with a southern component. These three stations demonstrate rare wind conditions which do not coincide with the typical northern winds in winter.

1988, Manfred Domrös, Peng Gongbing, “Circulation”, in The Climate of China, Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 36:

Fanfou, Jiwai and Digu were some of the first Twitter clones to become successful in China. However all three - plus Twitter itself - were blocked by the Chinese government in July 2009, due to their usage during the uprisings in Ürümqi.

2010 March 4, Richard MacManus, “China's Twitter Clones”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-04, Technology:

Before the Wednesday’s suspension, there were 24 flights a week from Kazakhstan to China, including a daily flight to Ürümqi, the capital of Xinjiang.

2020 January 29, Adam Schreck, Elaine Kurtenbach, David Koenig, “More airlines drop flights to China as virus spreads”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2021-04-15:

A prefecture-level city, the capital of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

Another officer from the police station in Benfangguo Bazar in Urumqi county confirmed that the station was currently detaining Zhanargul’s mother, elder sister, and two elder brothers, but could not confirm or deny that their detainment had anything to do with Zhanargul’s.

[2023 February 21, Shohret Hoshur, “China arrests family of Kazakh singer supposedly contacted by foreign reporter”, in RFA Uyghur, transl., edited by Eugene Whong and Malcolm Foster, Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2023-02-22:

A county of Ürümqi city, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


范縣

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Fan County (a county of Puyang, Henan, China)


九江

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/kau³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ouŋ⁵⁵/

/kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiɤ³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/kau³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ouŋ⁵⁵/

/kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiɤ³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

(～市) Jiujiang (a prefecture-level city in northwest Jiangxi, China)

(～鎮) Jiujiang (a town in Nanhai district, Foshan, Guangdong, China)


九江

ja-pos

九(きゅう)江(こう) • (Kyūkō)

Jiujiang (a prefecture-level city of Jiangxi, China)


Dongguan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 東莞／东莞 (Dōngguǎn).

Tungkuan (alternative)
Tung-kuan (alternative)

In Tungkuan County, the Houchieh Brigade under Houchieh Commune, with the assistance of the Mao Tsetung Thought propaganda team, made[…]

[1970, Union Research Service, volume 59, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 19:

Dongguan was different. It rose by no one’s decree; it simply grew. While Shenzhen aspired to advanced technology and innovation, Dongguan took what it could get, which meant low-tech factories from Hong Kong and Taiwan that made clothing, toys, and shoes.

2008, Leslie T. Chang, Factory Girls: From Village to City in a Changing China, New York: Spiegel & Grau, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 29:

China is undergoing the harshest anti-vice campaign the government has mounted in years, and the crackdown is taking a toll on the economy of Dongguan, a southern city of more than eight million people. It is a manufacturing center for the export business and a Mecca for migrant workers, but it is also the nation’s sin city. Now, the red-light industry here is blushing a deep pink.

2014 March 6, Edward Wong, “Red Lights Dim in China’s Sin City”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-03-07, Asia Pacific:

In February 2014, a massive crackdown on prostitution in the southern manufacturing city of Dongguan, dubbed "Sin City" for its huge vice industry, raided 2,000 establishments and detained more than 900 people.

2015 April 24, Euan McKirdy, “What a send-off: China's funeral strippers told to cover up”, in CNN, archived from the original on 2015-04-24:

A prefecture-level city of Guangdong, in southeastern China.


Foshan

Fo-shan (alternative)
Fo-chan (alternative)

At Foshan, about four leagues above Canton, Père Bouvet speaks of a Milanese Jesuit as presiding over a church, with a flock of 10,000 persons : at this day there is probably not one single individual at that same place.

1836, John Francis Davis, The Chinese : A General Description of the Empire of China and its Inhabitants, volume 1, New-York: Harper & Brothers, page 38:

Foshan is a town in the neighbourhood of Canton, and happened to be the scene of Colonel Chesney's ill usage.

1857 July-December, Thomas De Quincey, “Hints Towards an Appreciation of the Coming War in China.”, in Titan A Monthly Magazine, volume XXV, →OCLC, page 69, column 1:

At Foshan, south of Canton, 147 Japanese soldiers have died of cholera.

1939 May 20 [1939 May 19], “Chinese Attacks Cost Japanese 24 Planes and 3 Warships”, in Daily Worker, volume XVI, number 120, New York, sourced from CHUNGKING, China, page 2, column 5:

Ghappar is Uighur, a Muslim minority group that has been the target of discrimination and oppression by Chinese officials in recent years. In January 2020, officials took Ghappar from his home in the southern city of Foshan to a police station in Kucha, Xinjiang. He was held for 18 days in a police detention centre, then transferred to a temporary “epidemic prevention centre” where he filmed the video.

2020 August 7, Sophie Stuber, “Video of Uighur handcuffed to bed in quarantine centre refocuses attention on Chinese persecution”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2020-08-24:

This time, metals markets are fixated on an incident in the southern province of Guangdong, in which several traders claim they were duped into providing credit against fictitious quantities of aluminum. More than 500 million yuan ($75 million) may have been loaned, backed by stockpiles of the metal stored in a warehouse in the city of Foshan that turned out to be worth significantly less than that.

2022 June 6, “‘Fake’ Aluminum Stocks Put Perils of China’s Commodities Funding in Spotlight”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-18, Energy:

A large prefecture-level city of Guangdong, in southeast China.


Jiangmen

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 江門 /江门 (Jiāngmén, literally “River Gate”), after its location at the mouth of the Xi or West River.

bor

Recently, the largest high voltage electric power transmission line has been installed from Maoming to Chiangmen.[…]It is through this high voltage power line that the Maoming Thermoelectric Power Plant supplies the Pearl River Delta with a continuous flow of strong electric current. At the terminal of the line, Chiangmen City, a 220,000 volt transformer unit has been built to lower the voltage of this strong current for local users.

[1979 May 9 [1978 May], “Topography of Kwangtung”, in Translations on People's Republic of China, number 519, United States Joint Publications Research Service, translation of Kuang-tung Ti-chih. Hong Kong, T'ien-ti Books, Ltd. by Ch'en Cheng-hsiang [7115 2973 4382] [陳正祥] (in Chinese), →OCLC, page 62:

In the Internet age, in which the Chinese public is becoming increasingly vocal about their rights and mobilizing on social networks, popular protests like the demonstrations in the city of Jiangmen against the processing plant suggest a wider backlash against nuclear power.[…]
The uranium processing project in Jiangmen, near Hong Kong, was supposed to supply fuel to existing and future power plants in Guangdong, a major Chinese industrial powerhouse and a center of nuclear energy expansion.

2013 July 18, Charlie Zhu, David Stanway, Grace Li, Lavinia Mo, “Public trust crisis threatens China's nuclear power ambitions”, in David Lague, Alex Richardson, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-04-01, Environment:

A prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China.


Hangzhou

/ˌhɑŋˈd͡ʒoʊ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 杭州 (Hángzhōu), from its former role as the seat of Hang Prefecture (also 杭州 (Hángzhōu)), folk etymologized as a reference to King Yu's ferry over the Qiantang on his way to Shaoxing but more likely a transliteration of an earlier Baiyue placename.

Hangchow (alternative)
Hangchou (alternative)
Hang-chou (alternative)
Hang-chau (alternative)

In the Province of Chekiang, near the chief City of Hangcheu, runs a River, which in regard of its courſe, is called ſometimes Che, at other times Cientang, and in ſome places Cingan.

[1669, John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, →OCLC, page 238:

Tibetan colors and gilding are frequently mentioned in Chinese texts, and several monuments survive northwest of Beijing and in Hangzhou in southeast China that were designed by Tibetan monks and were very likely built and carved by both Tibetan and Chinese artists.

1983, Pratapaditya Pal, Art of Tibet, →ISBN, page 30:

A former imperial capital famed for its West Lake and surrounding temples, Hangzhou has lately grown famous as the hometown of internet commerce giant Alibaba.

2021 August 22, “Top official in eastern China’s Hangzhou under investigation”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2021-08-22:

China’s outbreaks and the ensuing restrictions have led to a number of events being canceled or postponed, most recently the Asian Games originally scheduled for September in the city of Hangzhou, 177 kilometers (110 miles) west of Shanghai.

2022 May 13, “Shanghai will try to ease 7-week virus lockdown in few days”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-13:

A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, in eastern China; a former imperial capital.


白果

/paɪ̯³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ku̯ɔɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚² kʷɔː³⁵/

/pak̚³² kᵘɔ⁵⁵/

/ˈpʰɛt̚⁵ kuo²¹³/

/paʔ⁵⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uo³³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ ke⁴²/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kue⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁴¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ kə⁴²/

/peʔ⁴⁻² kũãĩ⁵²/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ku̯ɔɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paːk̚² kʷɔː³⁵/

/pak̚³² kᵘɔ⁵⁵/

/ˈpʰɛt̚⁵ kuo²¹³/

/paʔ⁵⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uo³³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ ke⁴²/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kue⁵³/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɤ⁴¹/

/pe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ kə⁴²/

/peʔ⁴⁻² kũãĩ⁵²/

(～鎮) Baiguo (a town in Macheng, Huanggang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Baiguo (a town in Jintang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China)

(～鄉) Baiguo (a township in Enshi City, Enshi Prefecture, Hubei, China)

(～鄉) Baiguo (a township in Zhongjiang, Deyang, Sichuan, China)

(～鄉) Baiguo (a township in Zhaohua district, Guangyuan, Sichuan, China)


Jangtse

Jangtse (nominative singular)
Jangtse (accusative nominative singular)
Jangtsen (accusative genitive singular)
Jangtsen (genitive singular)
Jangtsea (partitive singular)
Jangtsessa (inessive singular)
Jangtsesta (elative singular)
Jangtseen (illative singular)
Jangtsella (adessive singular)
Jangtselta (ablative singular)
Jangtselle (allative singular)
Jangtsena (essive singular)
Jangtseksi (singular translative)
Jangtsetta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Jangtseni (nominative singular)
Jangtseni (accusative nominative singular)
Jangtseni (accusative genitive singular)
Jangtseni (genitive singular)
Jangtseani (partitive singular)
Jangtsessani (inessive singular)
Jangtsestani (elative singular)
Jangtseeni (illative singular)
Jangtsellani (adessive singular)
Jangtseltani (ablative singular)
Jangtselleni (allative singular)
Jangtsenani (essive singular)
Jangtsekseni (singular translative)
Jangtsettani (abessive singular)
Jangtsesi (nominative singular)
Jangtsesi (accusative nominative singular)
Jangtsesi (accusative genitive singular)
Jangtsesi (genitive singular)
Jangtseasi (partitive singular)
Jangtsessasi (inessive singular)
Jangtsestasi (elative singular)
Jangtseesi (illative singular)
Jangtsellasi (adessive singular)
Jangtseltasi (ablative singular)
Jangtsellesi (allative singular)
Jangtsenasi (essive singular)
Jangtseksesi (singular translative)
Jangtsettasi (abessive singular)
Jangtsemme (nominative singular)
Jangtsemme (accusative nominative singular)
Jangtsemme (accusative genitive singular)
Jangtsemme (genitive singular)
Jangtseamme (partitive singular)
Jangtsessamme (inessive singular)
Jangtsestamme (elative singular)
Jangtseemme (illative singular)
Jangtsellamme (adessive singular)
Jangtseltamme (ablative singular)
Jangtsellemme (allative singular)
Jangtsenamme (essive singular)
Jangtseksemme (singular translative)
Jangtsettamme (abessive singular)
Jangtsenne (nominative singular)
Jangtsenne (accusative nominative singular)
Jangtsenne (accusative genitive singular)
Jangtsenne (genitive singular)
Jangtseanne (partitive singular)
Jangtsessanne (inessive singular)
Jangtsestanne (elative singular)
Jangtseenne (illative singular)
Jangtsellanne (adessive singular)
Jangtseltanne (ablative singular)
Jangtsellenne (allative singular)
Jangtsenanne (essive singular)
Jangtseksenne (singular translative)
Jangtsettanne (abessive singular)
Jangtsensa (nominative singular)
Jangtsensa (accusative nominative singular)
Jangtsensa (accusative genitive singular)
Jangtsensa (genitive singular)
Jangtseaan (partitive singular)
Jangtseansa (partitive singular)
Jangtsessaan (inessive singular)
Jangtsessansa (inessive singular)
Jangtsestaan (elative singular)
Jangtsestansa (elative singular)
Jangtseensa (illative singular)
Jangtsellaan (adessive singular)
Jangtsellansa (adessive singular)
Jangtseltaan (ablative singular)
Jangtseltansa (ablative singular)
Jangtselleen (allative singular)
Jangtsellensa (allative singular)
Jangtsenaan (essive singular)
Jangtsenansa (essive singular)
Jangtsekseen (singular translative)
Jangtseksensa (singular translative)
Jangtsettaan (abessive singular)
Jangtsettansa (abessive singular)

[ˈjɑ̝ŋts̠e̞]

From English Yangtze, from Chinese 揚子 /扬子 (Yángzǐ).


Handan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 邯鄲／邯郸 (Hándān).

zh-l

邯鄲／邯郸 (Hándān)

Sometime in the afternoon, we reached Hantan, a town of forty thousand people along the now defunct Peiping-Hankow Railway. Although the first real city I had seen since leaving Kuomintang areas, Hantan was only half alive.

[1949, Jack Belden, “Traveling Companions”, in China Shakes the World, Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, page 38:

The coking-coal center of Fengfeng in southern Hopei, for example, was among the first places designated as a mining district, about 1951, and was raised to the status of city in 1954. (Two years later, it was incorporated into the expanding urban complex of Hantan.)

[1972, Theodore Shabad, China's Changing Map National and Regional Development, 1949-71, Praeger Publishers, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 317:

Xiufen Xie, 53, was born in a village near Handan City, Hebei Province, China. Her story was originally published in an official Chinese newspaper in 1998.

2001, “People with Disabilities”, in Falun Gong Stories: A Journey to Ultimate Health, Golden Lotus Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 37:

At age 20, Tian enlisted in the army, and nine years later she joined the police force of Handan, a city 300 miles south of Beijing.

2014 December 1, William Wan, “Once a cop, now an outcast: A Chinese tale of abuse and a craving for justice”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-12-02, World:

A prefecture-level city of Hebei, China.


扶餘

/fuː²¹ jyː²¹/

/fuː²¹ jyː²¹/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Fuyu (a county-level city of Songyuan, Jilin, China)


Huizhou

Borrowed c. late 20th c., from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 惠州 (Huìzhōu).

Whenever Ch'en Chiung-ming, still at large in the East River uplands, would move on Canton, Liu and Yang would requisition from Sun a sum of 10,000 silver yuan* for the defense of Canton, or C$100,000 to force Ch'en back up the East River to Huichou.

[1976, Donald A. Jordan, “Building the Model”, in The Northern Expedition: China's National Revolution of 1926-1928, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 6:

A prefecture-level city in southeastern Guangdong, China.


Huizhou

Cambridge University Press
Frederick A. Praeger
Huizhou
Huizhou, Anhui

c. late 20th c., from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 徽州 (Huīzhōu).

Xidi, a village in China’s Huizhou region of Anhui Province, dates back to the Ming and Qing dynasties.

2012 March 29, Gilles Sabrie, “In Rural China, a Preserved Dynastic Village”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-03-30:

(historical) A region in modern-day Anhui, in southeastern China.


Nanning

Translingual: Nanningosaurus

南寧／南宁 (Nánníng)

Our Authors ſay there are no Elephants in China, which muſt be underſtood of the Provinces they knew, where, in truth, there are none. Father Martini writes, that they begin to be met with at Nanning, in the Province of Quangli, where the Inhabitants uſe them for War and for Carriage. Some there are alſo in the Province of Junnan ; nor is it a wonder that theſe Creatures, who ſo ſwarm in the Indies, and in Tungkin or Tonquin, ſhould ſtraggle hither.

1733, Eusebius Renaudot, transl., Ancient Accounts of India and China, London, →OCLC, page 61:

The French were once so sure of getting a railway concession from their Langson branch into Lungchow that they built a big stone station—now the French consulate—and a stone slide not unlike the steeper levees along the Mississippi, down which French goods were to be slid into the boats that were to take them down the river to Nanning.

1925, Harry A. Franck, Roving Through Southern China, The Century Company, page 354:

The story was told him by an old servant of his family who was from Yungchow [modern Nanning] in Kwangsi, and who came from the cave people [aborigines] of that district.[...]There are well-known Siamese versions of the Cinderella story, and Nanning is very close to Indo-China.

1942, Lin Yutang, editor, The Wisdom of China and India, Random House, →OCLC, page 941:

Since an earlier Maoist military mission's visit to Hanoi in October 1974, the Chinese Communists have been providing massive military supplies for North Vietnamese. A so-called "Headquarters of the Chinese People's Support for Vietnam," headed by Wei Kuo-ching, was also established in Nanning in southern Kwangsi Province.[...]
A training center has been operating in suburban Nanning to provide guerrilla and sabotage training for 500 persons at a time.

1975 April 13, “Expose Peiping involvement in Indo-China”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVI, number 14, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 4:

In 2020 in the city of Nanning, the police bought software that could look for “more than three key people checking into the same or nearby hotels” and “a drug user calling a new out-of-town number frequently,” according to a bidding document.

2022 June 25, Paul Mozur, Muyi Xiao, John Liu, “‘An Invisible Cage’: How China Is Policing the Future”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-06-26:

A prefecture-level city, the capital of the Guangxi autonomous region, China.


Yantai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Chinese 煙臺 /烟台 (Yāntái, “smoke tower”), from a Ming-era signal tower on Mount Qi.

Yen-tai (alternative)
Yen-t’ai (alternative)

In September, the largest factory in Yantai, a coastal city in northeastern China, called on the local government with a problem — a shortage of 19,000 workers as the deadline on a big order approached.

2013 January 7, “Students by Millions Fill Labor Gap in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-01-12, Global Business:

It’s the time of early spring in Yantai, the central city on the Shandong Peninsula. The trees are quietly stretching new branches and sprouting fresh green buds, spreading out the turquoise of cyan on the piece of the land.

2022 May 12, “Yantai, a Fairyland in the Spring Breeze”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2022-07-13:

A coastal prefecture-level city in northeastern Shandong, China.

(historical) Zhifu, a former village in northeastern Shandong, China, which grew into modern Yantai.

A village in the township of Haidao, Xiapu County, in the prefecture-level city of Ningde, Fujian, China.


Հուանհե

head

Հուանհե • (Huanhe)

hy-proper noun

Հուանհե • (Huanhe)

Huanhe (romanization)
Հուանհե (nominative singular singular-only)
Հուանհեի (dative singular singular-only)
Հուանհեից (ablative singular singular-only)
Հուանհեով (instrumental singular singular-only)
Հուանհեում (locative singular singular-only)
Հուանհեն (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Հուանհեին (dative definite singular singular-only)
Հուանհես (first-person nominative possessive singular singular-only)
Հուանհեիս (dative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Հուանհեիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Հուանհեովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular singular-only)
Հուանհեումս (first-person locative possessive singular singular-only)
Հուանհեդ (nominative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Հուանհեիդ (dative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Հուանհեիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Հուանհեովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Հուանհեումդ (locative possessive second-person singular singular-only)

hy-decl-noun-unc

Հուանհեները / Հուանհեներն

Հուանհեներին

Հուանհեներից

Հուանհեներով

Հուանհեներում

Հուանհեներիս

Հուանհեներիցս

Հուանհեներովս

Հուանհեներումս

Հուանհեներիդ

Հուանհեներիցդ

Հուանհեներովդ

Հուանհեներումդ

Yellow River, Huang He (a major river in northern China, passing through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces as well as Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions)


Sinkiang

From the Postal Romanization of Nanking court dialect Mandarin 新疆 (Xīnjiāng), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/.

I, the Minister, having received this dispatch have examined and find it contains, that having arrested three culprits Tsáutsz' Láutá, Hwá Kwányuen and Cháng Süchun, they have been sentenced to decapitation, and their heads to be hung up in a cage upon a pole to public view; and six others Cháng Yungyuen, Cháng Láuying, Táng Kingmien, Chau ’Rhkwán, Hiá Shunkih and Hiá Yuhshing, have been sentenced to banishment to Sinkiáng (a district beyond the borders) to be made slaves to the military officers, and the Board of Punishments having confirmed the sentence, after thorough deliberation, memorialized the throne, and have received the imperial ratification thereof.

[1848 September 22, 徐廣縉, “Official Correspondence relating to the death of the Rev. Walter M. Lowrie”, in The Chinese Repository, volume XVII, number 9, chapter 3, page 486:

Soviet tanks and planes were also sent into Sinkiang, and even troops, who were called "Altai Volunteers." These "volunteers" appear to have been a mixture of trained Soviet troops with Russians, domiciled in Sinkiang, who years before had fought against or fled from the Soviet Revolution.

1944, Martin R. Norins, Gateway to Asia: Sinkiang, Frontier of the Chinese Far West, New York: The John Day Company, page 16:

In Sinkiang, in Northwest China, we were on the Chinese side of Asia's inner ethnic frontier. In Europe, the Soviets face west along a 2,000-mile ethnic border.

1948, Henry A. Wallace, Andrew Jacob Steiger, Soviet Asia Mission, →OCLC, →OL, page 155:

When Japan occupied Manchuria and followed it up by exerting pressure on Hopei and Chahar, Russia was busily encroaching upon Sinkiang in the Northwest where she infiltrated its local administration and exploited its economic resources. After the Soviet-instigated coup d'état in Sinkiang on April 12, 1933, which put Sheng Shih-tsai at the head of the local administration, Soviet Russia steadily stepped up her military aggression and political domination over the province.

1957, Chung-cheng (Kai-shek) Chiang, Soviet Russia in China: A Summing-up at Seventy, New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 99:

"Earlier we ordered him to inspect the goods of the Andijans who traded at Sinkiang. Since trade at Kiakhta is now suspended, the Mohammedans of Andijan might attempt to make a big profit by smuggling Russian commodities into China for sale. We prohibit this smuggling! As soon as trade at Kiakhta is reopened, we shall again allow them to trade (in Russian goods) as before.

1966, Lo-shu Fu, A Documentary Chronicle of Sino-Western Relations (1644-1820), University of Arizona Press, page 307:

Warm letters and precious gifts came pouring in to the construction site from all parts of the country. Among the gifts were saw-wort seeds gathered from the Tienshan Mountains by workers in Singkiang^([sic – meaning Sinkiang]), chingko barley from emancipated serfs in Tibet, earth from people in quake-stricken Tangshan who were rebuilding their homes, water and sand from the Taiwan Straits from P.L.A. men on the Fukien frontline, colour pebbles from Yuhuatai, Nanking, milky quartz from the Kunlun Mountains, camellias from Tali, Yunnan, azaleas from Kangting, Szechuan, earth from the Chingkang Mountains, Kiangsi, water from Nanniwan, Shensi, etc. They embodied the profound proletarian feelings of the people of all nationalities for Chairman Mao.

[1977 September, “The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall Successfully Completed”, in China Pictorial, Peking: China Pictorial, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 10:

A similar demonstration was held at Aksu in Sinkiang on Nov. 21, 1980, the report said, adding that the situation in Sinkiang is worsening.

1981 February 22, “Anti-Red demonstrations”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXII, number 7, Taipei, page 3:

Chinese came to our help in 1987 for the over hauling of some MI-8 helicopters, initially team went to Sinkiang in C-130 aircraft and later some of our technicians also went there and in 1988 the first MI-8 was overhauled.

2008, Mohammad Azam, Mushtaq Madni, Mushtaq Cheema, History of Pakistan Army Aviation 1947-2007, The Army Press, →ISBN, page 406:

That year China imported over US$ 200 billion worth of microprocessors from these two countries. When the US placed an embargo on China denying it these microprocessors, it had no choice but to try and build them through a process of self-reliance. Towards this end, it set up a giant polysilicon factory near Kashgar in Sinkiang.

2020 June 9, Iqbal Chand Malhotra, “Smoking mirrors: The illusion of the LAC”, in Times Now:

One can trace the first blunder to December 1949 when India kept quiet after Beijing unilaterally closed down the Indian Consulate in Kashgar, Sinkiang (today Xinjiang).

2020 September 19, Claude Arpi, “The Tibet factor in India-China relations”, in The Sunday Guardian, archived from the original on 2020-10-02:

Synonym of Xinjiang: A Uyghur autonomous region of China, located in the sparsely populated northwest


Sinkiang

Sinkiang (nominative singular)
Sinkiang (accusative nominative singular)
Sinkiangin (accusative genitive singular)
Sinkiangin (genitive singular)
Sinkiangia (partitive singular)
Sinkiangissa (inessive singular)
Sinkiangista (elative singular)
Sinkiangiin (illative singular)
Sinkiangilla (adessive singular)
Sinkiangilta (ablative singular)
Sinkiangille (allative singular)
Sinkiangina (essive singular)
Sinkiangiksi (singular translative)
Sinkiangitta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Sinkiangini (nominative singular)
Sinkiangini (accusative nominative singular)
Sinkiangini (accusative genitive singular)
Sinkiangini (genitive singular)
Sinkiangiani (partitive singular)
Sinkiangissani (inessive singular)
Sinkiangistani (elative singular)
Sinkiangiini (illative singular)
Sinkiangillani (adessive singular)
Sinkiangiltani (ablative singular)
Sinkiangilleni (allative singular)
Sinkianginani (essive singular)
Sinkiangikseni (singular translative)
Sinkiangittani (abessive singular)
Sinkiangisi (nominative singular)
Sinkiangisi (accusative nominative singular)
Sinkiangisi (accusative genitive singular)
Sinkiangisi (genitive singular)
Sinkiangiasi (partitive singular)
Sinkiangissasi (inessive singular)
Sinkiangistasi (elative singular)
Sinkiangiisi (illative singular)
Sinkiangillasi (adessive singular)
Sinkiangiltasi (ablative singular)
Sinkiangillesi (allative singular)
Sinkianginasi (essive singular)
Sinkiangiksesi (singular translative)
Sinkiangittasi (abessive singular)
Sinkiangimme (nominative singular)
Sinkiangimme (accusative nominative singular)
Sinkiangimme (accusative genitive singular)
Sinkiangimme (genitive singular)
Sinkiangiamme (partitive singular)
Sinkiangissamme (inessive singular)
Sinkiangistamme (elative singular)
Sinkiangiimme (illative singular)
Sinkiangillamme (adessive singular)
Sinkiangiltamme (ablative singular)
Sinkiangillemme (allative singular)
Sinkianginamme (essive singular)
Sinkiangiksemme (singular translative)
Sinkiangittamme (abessive singular)
Sinkianginne (nominative singular)
Sinkianginne (accusative nominative singular)
Sinkianginne (accusative genitive singular)
Sinkianginne (genitive singular)
Sinkiangianne (partitive singular)
Sinkiangissanne (inessive singular)
Sinkiangistanne (elative singular)
Sinkiangiinne (illative singular)
Sinkiangillanne (adessive singular)
Sinkiangiltanne (ablative singular)
Sinkiangillenne (allative singular)
Sinkianginanne (essive singular)
Sinkiangiksenne (singular translative)
Sinkiangittanne (abessive singular)
Sinkianginsa (nominative singular)
Sinkianginsa (accusative nominative singular)
Sinkianginsa (accusative genitive singular)
Sinkianginsa (genitive singular)
Sinkiangiaan (partitive singular)
Sinkiangiansa (partitive singular)
Sinkiangissaan (inessive singular)
Sinkiangissansa (inessive singular)
Sinkiangistaan (elative singular)
Sinkiangistansa (elative singular)
Sinkiangiinsa (illative singular)
Sinkiangillaan (adessive singular)
Sinkiangillansa (adessive singular)
Sinkiangiltaan (ablative singular)
Sinkiangiltansa (ablative singular)
Sinkiangilleen (allative singular)
Sinkiangillensa (allative singular)
Sinkianginaan (essive singular)
Sinkianginansa (essive singular)
Sinkiangikseen (singular translative)
Sinkiangiksensa (singular translative)
Sinkiangittaan (abessive singular)
Sinkiangittansa (abessive singular)

[ˈs̠iŋk̟iɑ̝ŋ]

Xinjiang (a Uyghur autonomous region of China, located in the sparsely populated northwest)

Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)
Postal Romanization


Sinkiang

alternative spelling of Sinquião: Xinjiang (a Uyghur autonomous region of China, located in the sparsely populated northwest)


Wuxi

c. late 20th c., from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 無錫 /无锡 (Wúxī).

Wusih (alternative)
Wu-hsi (alternative)
Wuhsi (alternative)

Like most of the women in her village, Ren Riqing looks after children: “This is my nephew. His parents work far away in a factory in Wuxi. It’s not as strenuous as working here in the fields. I have a son and a daughter -- they’re also in Wuxi. If things go well, they come back once in two years. Travel costs money. It makes me sad, but what can I do?”

2008 January 30, Ren Riqing, quotee, “Urban Migrants Stranded in China”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2023-12-27:

MedImmune, the Gaithersburg research arm of pharmaceutical giant AstraZeneca, is making aggressive moves to expand its footprint in China.
The company said Wednesday it plans to spend $50 million on another production facility in Wuxi, a city near Shanghai on China’s east coast.

2015 December 16, Aaron Gregg, “MedImmune expands its footprint in China with new deal”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-12-17, Capital Business:

A prefecture-level city of Jiangsu, in eastern China.


Wuxi

Wuki (alternative)
Wu-ch'i (alternative)
Wu-hsi (alternative)
Wuhsi (alternative)

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 巫溪 (Wūxī).

The landslide on Tuesday demolished a five-story apartment building and two private hotels in Wuxi County in Sichuan Province.

1987 September 7, “Landslide Toll in China Is 65”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, World, page 3:


Shijiazhuang

/ˌʃiːd͡ʒjɑːˈd͡ʒwɑŋ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin for 石家莊／石家庄 (Shíjiāzhuāng).

Shi-jia-zhuang (alternative also rare)
Shihchiachuang (alternative)
Shih-chia-chuang (alternative)
Shihkiachwang (alternative)

The Intermediate People's Court in Shijiazhuang, in the northern province of Hebei, said the defendants had intentionally produced or sold dairy products laced with a toxic chemical called melamine, which was used to give falsely high protein readings but which caused kidney stones and other ailments in about 300,000 children last year.

2009 February 2, David Barboza, “Death sentences given in Chinese milk scandal”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-10, Asia Pacific:

China is racing to build a quarantine center to house 4,000 people in the northern city of Shijiazhuang, the epicenter of the country’s latest outbreak of the coronavirus, which Beijing has largely contained at an enormous cost to its 1.3 billion people.

2021 January 19, Miriam Berger, “China rushes to build coronavirus quarantine center for 4,000 as it battles local outbreaks”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-01-20:

A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Hebei, in northeastern China.


Xining

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 西寧 /西宁 (Xīníng).

Hsining (alternative)
Hsi-ning (alternative)
Sining (alternative)

Tibetan is found predominantly in Tibet; Tibetan-speaking communities are also found in Sichuan, Qinghai, Yunnan, and Gansu. In Tibet, all official documents are issued in both Tibetan and Chinese, and also in certain regions of Sichuan and Qinghai. Moreover, the radio stations in Tibet broadcast in Tibetan and Putonghua. Similarly, the Chengdu radio station in Sichuan and the Xining radio station in Qinghai also have regular Tibetan broadcasts.

1975, “The National Minority Languages of China”, in Winfred P. Lehmann, editor, Language and Linguistics in the People's Republic of China, University of Texas Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 119:

Traditionally, Qinghai's Han Chinese have been concentrated around Xining and the Yellow River valley. […] The climate in this region is harsh, with temperatures at Xining, east of Qinghai, ranging from −6° to 18° C. […] Xining and the Yellow River valley are Qinghai's most important agricultural areas.

1979, Frederic M. Kaplan, Julian M. Sobin, Stephen Andors, Encyclopedia of China Today, Eurasia Press, →ISBN, page 29:

Though tourists rarely do so, it is perfectly possible to visit an area on the outskirts of Qinghai’s Xining that abounds in prisons and prison enterprises.

1998, James D. Seymour, Richard Anderson, “Prologue”, in New Ghosts Old Ghosts Prisons and Labor Reform Camps in China, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 1:

Barren, sparsely populated Qinghai ranks 22nd among China’s 31 provinces, regions and municipalities measured by income per capita, which averaged $3,343 in 2009.
Property prices in Xining, the unprepossessing capital, are less than a fifth of those in Beijing.

2010 June 21, Alan Wheatley, “A China Far Removed From Glitz and Industry”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-06-25, Inside Asia:

A city in northwestern China, capital of Qinghai Province.


Yangzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 揚州 /扬州 (Yángzhōu).

Yang-chou (alternative)
Yangchow (alternative)
Yang Chow (alternative)

Yangzhou fried rice

The eastern city of Yangzhou, near Nanjing, was the latest local government to order residents to stay home after large-scale testing detected 40 new infections over the past day.
The more than 1.3 million residents of Yangzhou's urban core are now confined to their homes, with each household allowed to send only one person outside per day to shop for necessities, the city government said Tuesday.

2021 August 3, “China's Wuhan to test 'all residents' amid return of Covid-19”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2021-08-03, Asia / Pacific:

Jiang died of leukemia and multiple organ failure, Xinhua added.
The politician, who was born in the eastern town of Yangzhou in 1926, was appointed secretary-general of the CCP in 1989.

2022 November 30, “Former Chinese president Jiang Zemin dies aged 96”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2023-02-13:

يَانْغْجُو

a prefecture-level city in eastern China


Luoyang

Translingual: Luoyanggia

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of 洛陽／洛阳 (Luòyáng, “sunny side of the Luo River”), referring to two separate Luo rivers.

zh-l

Loyang (alternative historical obsolete)
Lohyang (alternative historical obsolete)
Lo-yang (alternative)

In January 1979, the Aluminum Company of America agreed to undertake feasibility studies for the construction of two modern integrated aluminum plants in Luoyang, Henan Province, and in Pingguo county, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

1979 September, Nai-Ruenn Chen, “Sino-American Trade”, in China's Economy and Foreign Trade, 1978-79, number 3, PRC Affairs Division, Office of East-West Country Affairs, Industry and Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 18, column 2:

The remains of the capital of the Eastern Han dynasty, Luoyang 洛阳, are situated approximately 15 km east of the present-day city of Luoyang in Henan. Since the site is bordered on the north by the Mangshan 邙山 Mountains and overlooks the Luo River to the south, it has protective natural barriers and is also at an important junction for transportation and communication (fig. 37).

1982, Zhongshu Wang, “Luoyang: The Capital City of Eastern Han”, in K. C. Chang et al., transl., Han Civilization, Yale University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 29:

The Longmen Grottoes are located in the south of Luolong District of Luoyang. Here two mountain cliffs stand face to face, like a pair of natural watchtowers over the Yi River that flow between them, giving rise to the name “Luoyang’s Yi River Watchtower Gate.”

2006, “Cultural Relics”, in 王琴 [Wang Qin], 韩清月 [Han Qingyue], 冯鑫 [Feng Xin], transl., edited by 杨长春 [Yang Changchun], 河南：文化大中原 [Henan: The Central Plains of Chinese Culture] (全景中国 [Panoramic China]), 1st edition, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 163:

Local authorities said the rainfall had caused a 20-metre breach in the Yihetan dam in the city of Luoyang west of Zhengzhou, and that the dam could collapse at any time.

2021 July 21, Ryan Woo, Stella Qiu, “At least 25 dead as rains deluge central China's Henan province”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-07-22, China:

A prefecture-level city of Henan, China, near the Luo's confluence with the Yellow River; a former capital of China.

A town in the district of Zengdu, in the prefecture-level city of Suizhou, Hubei, China.

A community in the district of Luojiang, in the prefecture-level city of Quanzhou, Fujian, China, famed for a celebrated bridge.


Hohhot

From Mongolian Хөх хот (Xöx xot), modern form of ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ (kökeqota), from ᠬᠥᠬᠡ (köke, “dark blue; (hist.) green, grue”) + ᠬᠣᠲᠠ (qota, “town, city”), given to the settlement by Altan Khan in the 1580s. His previous palace and monastery established outside modern Baotou in 1572 bore the same name, although it is now frequently connected to the nearby Daqing Mountains instead, whose name is similarly ambiguous between blue and green.

Huhehot (alternative)
Huhhot (alternative)
Kuku Khoto (alternative)
Kökeqota (alternative)
Kokeqota (alternative)

The assemblage of stone artifacts at Dingcun represents a very important link in the evolution of China's primitive cultures. It succeeded the Gehe culture and ushered in the Dayao culture of Hohhot in Inner Mongolia and the Emaokou culture in Huairen County, Shanxi Province.

1980, Jia Lanpo, 中国大陆上的远古居民 [Early Man in China], Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 45:

Then again, Sima Qian says that, after crossing the river, the Wall wound northward to touch a mountain north-west of Hohhot. But no wall winds northward here.

2008, John Man, The Great Wall, Bantam Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 35:

Mengniu can tap high-quality Aussie milk. And it is one in the eye for Yili, its bigger cross-town dairy rival in Hohhot, the regional capital of Inner Mongolia.

2019 December 7, “Cow cash”, in The Economist, volume 433, number 9172, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 61–62:

On National Security Education Day in April, students in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, were instructed on how to report suspicious activity.

2022 August 6, Chris Buckley, Steven Lee Myers, “In Turbulent Times, Xi Builds a Security Fortress for China, and Himself”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-06, Asia Pacific:

The capital city of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, in north-central China.


呼和浩特

→ English: Huhehaote, Hu-ho-hao-t'e

ㄏㄨ ㄏㄜˊ ㄏㄠˋ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄏㄨ ㄏㄜˊ ㄏㄠˋ ㄊㄜˋ

/xu⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/fuː⁵⁵ wɔː²¹ hou̯²² tɐk̚²/

hou¹ hor² hor⁵ deh⁷ [Phonetic:hou⁵ hor⁵ hor⁵ deh⁷]

/hɔu⁵³³⁻¹¹ hɒ¹³⁻¹¹ hɒ¹¹ tɛʔ⁴/

/hɔu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ hɒ²⁴⁻²¹ hɒ²¹ tɛʔ⁴/

/hɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴⁻²² ho²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚⁴/

/hɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³⁻²² ho²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚¹²¹/

/hɔ³³ ho²⁴⁻²² ho⁴¹⁻²² tiak̚²⁴/

/xu⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ xɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/fuː⁵⁵ wɔː²¹ hou̯²² tɐk̚²/

/hɔu⁵³³⁻¹¹ hɒ¹³⁻¹¹ hɒ¹¹ tɛʔ⁴/

/hɔu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ hɒ²⁴⁻²¹ hɒ²¹ tɛʔ⁴/

/hɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴⁻²² ho²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚⁴/

/hɔ⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³⁻²² ho²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚¹²¹/

/hɔ³³ ho²⁴⁻²² ho⁴¹⁻²² tiak̚²⁴/

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ (kökeqota, literally “blue city”).

bor

(～市) Hohhot (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


感恩

/kän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀən⁵⁵/

/kɐm³⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/

/kam²⁴⁻³³ en⁵³/

/kam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ un³³/

/kam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

/kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

/kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ in⁴⁴/

/kam⁵²⁻³⁵ ɯŋ³³/

/kam⁵²⁻³⁵ eŋ³³/

/kän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀən⁵⁵/

/kɐm³⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/

/kam²⁴⁻³³ en⁵³/

/kam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ un³³/

/kam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

/kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ un⁴⁴/

/kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ in⁴⁴/

/kam⁵²⁻³⁵ ɯŋ³³/

/kam⁵²⁻³⁵ eŋ³³/

(～縣) (historical) Gan'en (a former county of Hainan, Guangdong, China; now part of Dongfang, Hainan)


濮陽

/pʰu³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pʊk̚² jœːŋ²¹/

/puʔ⁵⁻³³ yoŋ⁵³/

/pɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɔŋ²⁴/

/pɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɔŋ²³/

/pʰok̚²⁻⁴ iaŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰu³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pʊk̚² jœːŋ²¹/

/puʔ⁵⁻³³ yoŋ⁵³/

/pɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɔŋ²⁴/

/pɔk̚⁴⁻³² iɔŋ²³/

/pʰok̚²⁻⁴ iaŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Puyang (a prefecture-level city of Henan, China)

(～縣) Puyang (a county of Puyang, Henan, China)


東海

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/taŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai⁴⁵³/

/taŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³²/

/tɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai⁴⁵³/

/tɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³²/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hai⁵³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hai⁴¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/taŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai⁴⁵³/

/taŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³²/

/tɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai⁴⁵³/

/tɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋai³³²/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hai⁵³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hai⁴¹/

(～縣) Donghai (a county of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China)

(～鎮) Donghai (a town in Chengxiang district, Putian, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Donghai (a town in Jidong, Jixi, Heilongjiang, China)

(～鎮) Donghai (a town in Qidong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China)

(～街道) Donghai (a subdistrict of Lufeng, Shanwei, Guangdong, China)


Zhongshan

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 中山 (Zhōngshān).

Chung-shan (alternative)
Chungshan (alternative)
Jhongshan (alternative)

The chief town of Zhongshan, Shiqi (formerly spelt Shekkei) has been an important market centre and inland port for 800 years.

1990, Shann Davies, Macau, Passport Books, →ISBN Invalid ISBN, page 137:

A man was apprehended by the mainland police early yesterday morning in Zhongshan on suspected link with human body parts found in Taipa Grande on Saturday.

2021 June 14, Anthony Lam, “Suspect linked to body parts found in Taipa Grande apprehended in Zhongshan”, in Macau Daily News, archived from the original on 2021-06-14, Crime:

A prefecture-level city of Guangdong, in southern China.

A district of the city of Dalian, Liaoning, China.

A district of the city of Liupanshui, Guizhou, China.


Zhuhai

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 珠海 (Zhūhǎi).

Chu-hai (alternative)
Chuhai (alternative)

In 1992, at the age of eighty-eight, Deng visited the Shenzhen and Zhuhai Special Economic Zones in order to defend his policies against Party critics.

2002, Margaret Thatcher, Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World, HarperCollins, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 166:

Super typhoon Saola made landfall in southeast China’s Guangdong province early Saturday, leaving a trail of destruction and flooding in Shenzhen city and the neighboring Hong Kong and Macao.
The typhoon made landfall around 3:30 am south of the city of Zhuhai, located along the coast of Guangdong, the National Meteorological Center said.

2023 September 2, “Super typhoon Saola leaves trail of destruction in southern China”, in EFE, sourced from Hong Kong (EFE), archived from the original on 2023-12-05:

A prefecture-level city of Guangdong, in southeastern China.


Yinchuan

Likely c. 1940s, from Mandarin 銀川 /银川 (Yínchuān), Wade–Giles romanization: Yin²-chʻuan¹, reinforced by Hanyu Pinyin.

Yinchwan (alternative)
Yin-ch'uan (alternative also)
Yin Chuan (alternative also)

Peiping radio claimed tonight that Communists occupied Yinchuan, capital of Ninghsia Province in Central China two days ago.

1949 September 26 [1949 September 25], “NATIONALISTS REVOLT”, in The Bombay Chronicle, volume XXXVII, number 228, Bombay, →OCLC, Stop Press, page 5, column 1:

All the bigger towns in this vast area are to have new power stations. Yinchuan and Bayenhot in Ningsia province, Sining in Chinghai, Tienshui, Tunhchuan and Paochi in Shensi, and Tihua in Sinkiang have all been mentioned in Press reports.
At Yinchuan factories for machinery, woollen textiles and chemicals have been started, and two new textile mills are planned in the cotton-growing district of Kuanchung, in Shensi.

1954 February [1954 January], “China's Industrial Growth”, in Economic Digest, volume VII, number 2, London: Economic Research Council, →OCLC, pages 87–88:

On the trip out our car was full of railway workers, going out to work on the Lanchow-Sinkiang Railway which had already reached Yumen, China’s biggest oil field, and in 1960 will connect with the Soviet Union’s Turkestan-Siberia Railway; or to the Lanchow-Yinchuan section, which cuts through the Great Wall to reach Yinchuan, a major wool, hide and skin trading center in the Northwest.

1956 October, Grace Liu, “A Train Trip in China”, in New World Review, volume 24, number 10, New York: S.R.T. Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 20, column 1:

Yinchuan, capital of the Ningsia Hui Autonomous Region, lies in the centre of the Ningsia Plain.

1964, 任育地 [Jen Yu-ti], 中国地理概述 [A Concise Geography of China], Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, page 201:

Mr. Ai had become obsessed with a red scribble that appeared on a planning document for an art show next month in Yinchuan, a city in northwest China. He decided to build a large sculpture modeled on the line that he would call “Redline” — a playful rumination on the idea of censorship.

2016 August 26, Javier A. Hernández, “Ai Weiwei Planned to Sculpt a ‘Redline.’ Chinese Censors Say He Crossed One.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-08-26, Sinosphere:

The capital city of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China

ينتشوان

capital city of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China