益州

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jɪk̚⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jɪk̚⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Yi Province, Yizhou (a province in ancient China)


Liangjiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 兩江 /两江 (Liǎngjiāng).

At the headquarters of the Liangjiang New Area, billed as China’s third-largest development zone, visiting delegations were once greeted with a video of Mr. Bo championing the area’s industrial prowess. The screens are now dark.

2012 May 5, Dan Levin, “China, in Old Tradition, Races to Airbrush Fallen Leader Out of Public Life”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-05-06, Asia Pacific:


肇州

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/siːu̯²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/siːu̯²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Zhaozhou (a county of Daqing, Heilongjiang, China)


Gê'gyai

Continuing through Gêrzê, the route climbs round the foot of Mt Nganglong Kangri (6596 metres), and passes Gêgyai, a town divided into two halves separated by about two km.

[1992 February, Robert Strauss, “Western Tibet & the Xinjiang Routes”, in Tibet: A Travel Survival Kit (Lonely Planet), 2nd edition, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 207, column 2:

The region also has built a solar power station in the Ge'gyai County with a generating capacity of 10,008 waits.

[1995 August 21 [1995 August 20], “Tibet Uses Sun Exposure To Exploit Solar Energy”, in Daily Report: China, number 161, sourced from Beijing XINHUA, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 62, column 2:

A county of Ngari prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.


Burang

Some of those infected were members of the same family that had travelled from the southwestern city of Xigaze to Lhasa for a funeral. A day earlier, four tourists in Burang county of Ngari prefecture, who had travelled there from Xigaze, also tested positive for the virus.

2022 August 9, Eunice Yang, “Coronavirus: Tibet’s Potala Palace shut as first Covid-19 cases since 2020 put Lhasa on high alert”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-09, Science:


Coqên

Chinese authorities have sentenced a Tibetan man named Samten to three years in prison following a closed-door hearing in the so called Ngari Prefecture’s Coqên County in Tibet.[…]
Samten, a 36-year-old resident of Coqên County, Ngari Prefecture, was arrested three months before the trial, with the exact reasons for his detention remaining undisclosed.

2024 April 9, Tsering Dhundup, “Tibetan man sentenced to 3 years, sister beaten and hospitalised”, in Phayul.com, sourced from Phayul Newsdesk DHARAMSHALA, archived from the original on 2024-04-09:


盧氏

→ English: Lushi

/lu³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/lu³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

(～縣) Lushi (a county of Sanmenxia, Henan, China)


Jingyu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 靖宇 (Jìngyǔ).

The Baishan solar farm in Jingyu county, Jilin province was recently connected to the local power grid after a three-month construction period plagued with problems.

2017 August 31, Stephen Chen, “Solar farm may spell end for China’s plan to build nuclear plant on North Korea’s border”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-08-31, Society:


Jiangyuan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 江源 (Jiāngyuán).

At least 11 workers were killed in a gas explosion in a privately run coal mine in Jilin province on Tuesday, state media reports said.
The blast occurred on the site of an illegal coal mine in Zhaxi, a city in Jiangyuan county in Baishan municipality.

2002 November 28, “11 miners killed in gas blast”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-04-22, Latest:


Yingtan

Wu Zhen runs a family business of 13 restaurants and dozens of banquet halls in Yingtan, a city in China’s southeastern Jiangxi Province.

2021 April 15, Alexandra Stevenson, Cao Li, “China’s Economy Is Booming. Shoppers Are Skittish Anyway.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-04-15:

A prefecture-level city of Jiangxi, China.


Yujiang

Already the wealth and power that Mr. Zhang has gathered are jarring, partly because his base is not Beijing or Shanghai, but this small county seat of Yujiang in Jiangxi Province. Jiangxi is a poor, landlocked area that early in the century was a Communist guerrilla base. Most of the buildings around Yujiang are dilapidated brick homes with propaganda slogans proclaiming "Socialism is Good!" or calling on people to have just one child.

1992 May 19, Nicholas D. Kristof, “An Empire Run Amid Rice Paddies”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-26, Business:


Yuehu

Yingtan City Public Security Bureau dispatched the most skillful policemen to investigate the case. On 7 April, public security personnel found that Zhu, a student of Yuehu District Bailu High School, had this kind of handgun, as well as dark-red gunpowder and shots.

1990 May 30 [1990 May 4], Li Minyuan (2621 3046 0954) [李民園], Chen Xi (7115 1585) [陳希], “A Lair for Illegally Manufacturing and Selling Guns Smashed in Yingtan City”, in Daily Report: China, number 90-104, sourced from Beijing RENMIN GONGAN BAO p 1 [人民公安報], translation of original in Chinese, →ISSN, →OCLC, Regional Affairs, page 58, columns 1–2:


Guixi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 貴溪 /贵溪 (Guìxī).

A county-level city of Yingtan, Jiangxi, China.


Gonghe

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 共和 (Gònghé).

THE highlight of my visit was simply a few days roaming the Tibetan villages around Qiapuqia, a town of about 30,000 in Gonghe County south of Qinghai Lake.

1992 June 21, Nicholas D. Kristof, “Tibet Without Going There”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-26, Travel:

A county of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China.


Xinghai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 興海 /兴海 (Xìnghǎi).

In Xinghai County, two young men were forced to flee to India last year when the police sought to arrest them for distributing 100 pro-independence leaflets, villagers said.

1991 September 9, Nicholas D. Kristof, “In Corner of Tibet, Chinese Now Predominate”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-25, Section A, page 1:


Tongde

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 同德.

Remarkably, the film tapes were successfully smuggled out of China, apparently just days before Dhondup Wangchen and Golog Jigme, his monk cameraman, were picked up by the police on March 26, Gyaljong Tsetrin says. They were on their way to Tongde county in Qinghai province, a Tibetan area in the northwest of the country, when they were detained. Just weeks earlier, violent anti-Chinese riots had broken out in Lhasa and spread across Tibetan areas in the west of China.

2008 October 2, Dinah Gardner, “Enemy of the state”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-06-13:

On Friday, at least 1,000 people protested at a government building in Tongde County, not far from Tongren.[…]
At Friday’s demonstration in Tongde County, marchers demanded the release of 50 monks seized a day earlier by the police after they raised a Tibetan flag and banners extolling the Dalai Lama.

2012 March 17, Andrew Jacobs, “Tibetans Protest in Northwest China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-03-18, Asia Pacific:


Côn Minh

[kon˧˧ mïŋ˧˧]

[koŋ˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

[koŋ˧˧ mɨn˧˧]

Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southern China)


Quý Dương

[kwi˧˦ zɨəŋ˧˧]

[kwɪj˨˩˦ jɨəŋ˧˧]

[wɪj˦˥ jɨəŋ˧˧]

Guiyang (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Guizhou, in southwestern China)


Ma Cao

Macau (a city, special administrative region, and peninsula in China, west of Hong Kong)


Đông Hoản

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ hwaːn˧˩]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ hwaːŋ˧˨]

[ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧ waːŋ˨˩˦]

Dongguan (a prefecture-level city of Guangdong, in southern China)


Sán Đầu

[saːn˧˦ ʔɗəw˨˩]

[ʂaːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗəw˦˩]

[saːŋ˦˧˥ ʔɗəw˦˩]

[ʂaːŋ˦˥ ʔɗəw˨˩]

[saːŋ˦˥ ʔɗəw˨˩]

Shantou (a prefecture-level city of Guangdong, in southern China)


Hạ Môn

[haː˨˩ʔ moŋ˧˧]

[haː˨˩˨ moŋ˧˧]

Xiamen (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city of Fujian, in southeastern China)


Tấn Giang

[tən˧˦ zaːŋ˧˧]

[təŋ˦˧˥ jaːŋ˧˧]

[təŋ˦˥ jaːŋ˧˧]

Jinjiang (a county-level city and former county of Quanzhou, Fujian, in southeastern China)


Phúc Châu

[fʊwk͡p̚˧˦ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[fʊwk͡p̚˦˧˥ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[fʊwk͡p̚˦˥ cəw˧˧]

Fuzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Fujian, in southeastern China)


Tam Á

[taːm˧˧ ʔaː˧˦]

[taːm˧˧ ʔaː˨˩˦]

[taːm˧˧ ʔaː˦˥]

Sanya (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Hainan, in southwestern China)


Poyang

Po-yang (alternative)
P'o-yang (alternative)

A lake in Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China, the country's largest freshwater lake.


ຄຸນໝິງ

ຄຸນໝິງ (canonical)
khun ming (romanization)

Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, China)


冷湖

→ English: Lenghu

/lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/laːŋ¹³ wuː²¹/

/lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/laːŋ¹³ wuː²¹/

(～鎮) Lenghu (a town in Mangnai, Haixi prefecture, Qinghai, China)


Xing'an

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 興安 /兴安 (Xīng'ān).

A county of Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China.


Dzungarian Gate

The train was punctual in reaching the Dzungarian Gate, a low, wide valley through the snow-capped mountain ranges that separates China and Kazakhstan. Chinese customs officers there opened documents that had been sealed since the shipment left Chongqing.

2013 July 20, Keith Bradsher, “Hauling New Treasure Along the Silk Road”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-07-21, Business:

A geographically and historically significant mountain pass between China and Central Asia.


Huai

In 1887, E. H. Parker,¹ writing upon this subject, reported the cost for the southern Huai region as having been formerly Tls. 4000 each, i.e. $2600, but as reduced to Tls. 3600 or $2,340.

1912 May, E. T. Williams, “Taxation in China”, in The Quarterly Journal of Economics, volume XXVI, number 3, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 503:

It is located in the western suburb of Tianjiaan, Huainnan^([sic – meaning Huainan]) City, Anhui Province. Like a multi-colored band, it joins together the railroad and highway which cut across the north and south Huai regions.

1983 January 14 [1982 October 1], “First Dual-Purpose Bridge Over Huaihe Completed”, in China Report: Economic Affairs, number 300, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →OCLC, page 114:

A major river in China, about midway between the Yellow River and Yangtze.


Jiulong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 九龍江 /九龙江 (Jiǔlóng Jiāng).

Wind-driven ocean currents from China's booming coastal city of Xiamen, only about 2 km (1.25 miles) away, bring garbage across a sea channel that decades ago was the scene of fierce fighting between China and Taiwan during a protracted civil war.
The problem gets worse when it rains, as storms bring extra-large onslaughts from the mouth of the nearby Jiulong River in China.

2007 August 9, Ralph Jennings, “FEATURE-Taiwan rankled by China litter washing up on beaches”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2025-03-15:


Zhangjiang

Former name of the Jiulong: a river in southern Fujian, China.


Khanka

A freshwater lake on the border between Primorsky Krai, Russia, and Heilongjiang province, Northeast China.


Chao'an

A district of Chaozhou, eastern Guangdong, China.


Puning

A sub-prefectural city of Jieyang, eastern Guangdong, China.


Wuhai

The industrial park sits along the river in the region that joins Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, part of an industrial colossus built in less than six years on the arid, water-starved land surrounding the city of Wuhai.

2006 November 19, Jim Yardley, “A Troubled River Mirrors China’s Path to Modernity”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2009-04-10, Asia Pacific:

A prefecture-level city of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China.


Haibowan

Carved out of Ordos and Alashan territory, Wuhai city is the chief coal mining center of southwestern Inner Mongolia. Wuhai city was originally two towns, Wuda on the western side of the Huang (Yellow) River and Haibowan on the eastern side. In 1976 they were merged as Wuhai. With an area of 2,350 square kilometers (907 square miles), the total population is 314,148, of whom 8,554 are Mongol.

2004, Christopher P. Atwood, “Wuhai”, in Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, Facts on File, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 589, column 2:

He then taught in Haibowan District in Wuhai City in Inner Mongolia (located on the Yellow River between the Gobi and Ordos deserts) for five years, and worked as a teaching director for three years.

2011, Changyun Kang, Keqin Liu, Yuping Li, “A cross-cultural professional learning community”, in Janette Ryan, editor, Education Reform in China: Changing concepts, contexts and practices (Routledge Contemporary Series), London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, →OCLC, China / Education, page 62:

A district of Wuhai, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China.


Wuda

In 2003, paleobotanist Hermann Pfefferkorn of Penn’s School of Arts & Sciences and colleague Jun Wang of China’s Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology made a remarkable find: a fossil forest, spectacularly preserved in a volcanic ash fall 300 million years ago. The site, in a mining area in northern China’s Wuda District, has provided a rich source of fossil specimens ever since.

2021 March 12, Katherine Unger Baillie, “‘Pompeii of prehistoric plants’ unlocks evolutionary secret”, in Penn Today, archived from the original on 2021-03-13, Science & Technology:


伊通河

/i⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/jiː⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/i⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/jiː⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

Yitong River (a river in Jilin province, China; the largest tributary of the Yinma River)


Sishui

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 泗水 (Sìshuǐ).

He joined the No. 17 Regiment, No. 4 Corps where he was in the transportation unit. In Sishui in China’s Shandong province, he ambushed two Japanese transportation vehicles, seized more than 10 rifles and one light machine gun.

2015 October 5, Jordan G. Teicher, “Haunting portraits of China’s surviving war veterans”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-10-15, In Sight:


Bejĝingo

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


Ning'an

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 寧安 /宁安 (Níng'ān).

Hundreds of enraged parents whose children were killed in a flash flood in Heilongjiang province blocked the main roads of Ningan city yesterday, demanding a full investigation into the tragedy.

[2005 June 13, Shi Jiangtao, “200 pupils dead in flooding, parents claim”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-12-14:

A county-level city of Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China, located on Mudan (Hurha) river, not far from Mudanjiang city


飲馬河

/in⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/in⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

飲馬／饮马 (yìnmǎ) is in fact a phono-semantic matching of the non-Sinitic name of the river.

zh-l

飲馬／饮马 (yìnmǎ)

Yinma River (a river in Jilin province, China; a tributary of the Second Songhua River)


𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 𑜍𑜣 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 𑜍𑜪

head

𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 𑜍𑜣 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 𑜍𑜪 (müṅ rī müṅ raṃ)

→ English: Mong Ri Mong Ram


𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 𑜇𑜣

𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 𑜇𑜣 (müṅ phī)


𑜏𑜢𑜆𑜫𑜏𑜨𑜂𑜫𑜆𑜃𑜫𑜃𑜡

𑜏𑜢𑜆𑜫𑜏𑜨𑜂𑜫𑜆𑜃𑜫𑜃𑜡

𑜏𑜢𑜆𑜫𑜏𑜨𑜂𑜫𑜆𑜃𑜫𑜃𑜡 (sipsoṅpannā)

𑜏𑜢𑜆𑜫 𑜏𑜨𑜂𑜫 𑜆𑜃𑜫 𑜃𑜡 (canonical)
sipsoṅpannā (romanization)


río Amarillo

Yellow River, Huang He (a major river in northern China, passing through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces as well as Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions)


邗國

/xän³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/xän³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/


蜀岡

/ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

Shugang (a range of hills in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China)


遂昌

/su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯²² t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯²² t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Suichang (a county of Lishui, Zhejiang, China)


מונגוליה

he-proper noun

מוֹנְגּוֹלְיָה

מוֹנְגּוֹלְיָה • (mongólya) f

מוֹנְגּוֹלְיָה (canonical)
mongólya (romanization)

(chiefly historical) Mongolia (a Mongolian-speaking geographic region in East Asia, including the country of Mongolia (Outer Mongolia), the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia in China, and sometimes also Buryatia, Tuva and the Altai Republic in Russia)


千里岩

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵/

Qianliyan (an island in the Yellow Sea off Shandong, China)


Xintian

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 新田 (Xīntián).

In the southern province of Hunan, a recent report revealed that vandals had wrecked 10 of the 25 high schools in Xintian County.

1982 August 12, Christopher S. Wren, “CHINA'S BLACK SHEEP 'RE-EDUCATED' WITHOUT TRIAL”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, Section A, page 2:


Meilan

This is what happened when an unnamed Chinese man got into an argument with a woman over a parking place in the Meilan District of Haikou City, Hainan, China. She parked her scooter and attacked the man when he began shouting at her to move.

2014, Jamie Frater, “Crime”, in Listverse.com's Ultimate Book of Bizarre Lists: Fascinating Facts and Astounding Trivia on Movies, Music, Crime, Celebrities, History and More, Ulysses Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 497:

On Thursday, the woman, surnamed Chen, was convicted of posing a threat to public safety after she slapped the driver, Fu Chuanming, on the face during a dispute in December at Haikou, Hainan island, the website of the People’s Daily reported.
Meilan District People’s Court passed judgment in the 29-year old,^([sic – meaning year-old]) but it was unclear if she would appeal, the report said.

2018 May 30, Keith Chan, “Haikou’s convention and exhibition industry hits world stage”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-05-10, Business:

On paper, this has resulted in an unprecedented level of Party-state penetration, particularly in rural areas. Thus, Shaanxi's Yangchuan, with a population of only 170,100, constructed a whopping 387 Civilized Practice Centers, one for every 440 people (Yan'an Ribao 2019). Oddly, the difference between heavily populated and less populated areas is negligible: Shandong's Pingdu boasted the third-lowest number of people served per Center (765) (Qingdao Wenmingwang 2020), whereas Hainan's Meilan District, with half the population, succeeded in penetrating far less successfully, with each center serving a median of 11,635 (Haikouwang 2019).

2024, Jean Christopher Mittelstaedt, Patricia M. Thornton, “How to Think Xi Jinping Thought”, in Stanley Rosen, Daniel C. Lynch, editors, Chinese Politics: The Xi Jinping Difference, 2nd edition, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages https://books.google.com/books?id=OiT6EAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PT28:


Qiongshan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 瓊山 /琼山 (Qióngshān).

The most famous exile was Hai Rui, a Ming dynasty mandarin who hailed, like Charlie Soong, from Qiongshan county, east of Haikou.

1986 January 19, John F. Burns, “SURF AND SAND IN CHINA”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2009-03-30, Travel, page 21:

The Qiongshan district public security bureau branch made the announcement on its Weibo account and said it had launched an investigation into the officers, but did not reveal how many had been suspended.

2018 July 26, Danny Mok, “Mainland Chinese police officers suspended over mishandling of Hong Kong director Sharon Lam’s attempted rape report against trainee pilot”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-11-24, Crime in China:


Longhua

Having spent most of his life farming and taking odd jobs in his hometown in Longhua county, Hebei province, Yu started streaming live as a singer two years ago. Besides singing, he said he also likes watching documentaries on state television and studying voice dubbing.

2020 December 3, Mandy Zuo, “Chinese farmer becomes online star for his stunning poem recital”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-12-03, Lifestyle/Entertainment:


Longhua

An investigation into the ads, which were taken down on Wednesday, is underway by the Industrial and Commercial Bureau of Longhua district, Haikou city in the southern Chinese province of Hainan.

2019 February 15, Laurie Chen, “Breast size unaffected by coconut drink, Chinese maker admits after ads fall flat”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-02-15:


Xiuying

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 秀英.

When gang leader Chen Xinfu was apprehended in Haikou, capital of south China’s island province of Hainan, earlier this month he told his arresting officers: “Guys, take good care of me, for old times’ sake.”
Unlike the hundreds of other mob bosses who have been rounded up in recent months, Chen has a special relationship with the police: before his descent into the criminal underworld, he was deputy head of the public security bureau in the city’s Xiuying district.

2019 April 14, Guo Rui, “China’s war on organised crime, corrupt officials sees 79,000 people detained”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-04-14, Politics:


Yazhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 崖州 (Yázhōu).

The Nanshan Port Public Scientific Research Wharf, the first of its kind in China, is now under construction in Yazhou district in Hainan province’s southernmost city of Sanya, according to industry publication China Shipping News.
Yazhou is home to Hainan’s largest fishing port, China’s closest harbour to the disputed Spratly Islands in the South China Sea.

2021 November 11, Laura Zhou, “Chinese research wharf being built near largest fishing port on South China Sea”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-11-11, Diplomacy:


Tianya

In Tianya district, west of the Sanya city centre, a light-rail system is being planned to improve the transport infrastructure of Sanya Bay, and the commercial and tourist districts will be further developed.

2017 July 11, Keith Chan, “Tourism development: Sanya takes holistic approach to enrich offerings”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-07-11, Business:


Jiyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 吉陽 /吉阳.

Our story takes place in the Qiandao reign period. In Sui’an County of Yanzhou, there lived a rich man named Wang Fu, courtesy name Shizhong, who had passed the local examinations. With his wealth and power, he ran the affairs of the region with an iron hand and held the officials under his influence. A true local despot he was. However, he killed someone and, because he came up against a powerful adversary, was banished to Jiyang District⁶ in the far south.

2000, Shuhui Yang, Yunqin Yang, transl., compiled by Feng Menglong, Stories Old and New: A Ming Dynasty Collection, Seattle, London: University of Washington Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 689, 777:


Jiyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 濟陽 /济阳.


Haitang

The Chinese resort city of Sanya has ordered all tourists to take polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, and those who fail to do so by noon on Tuesday will be slapped with a yellow code restricting their mobility, according to local officials.
The city in the southern province of Hainan logged two asymptomatic Covid-19 cases on Monday. It carried out a round of mass testing and locked down several areas in Haitang district, including a scenic island that received around 2,000 tourists on Monday.

2022 October 4, Xinlu Liang, “Chinese resort city slaps ‘golden week’ tourists with new Covid-19 restrictions”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-10-04, Politics:


麻菜珩

/mä³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xɤŋ³⁵/

/mä³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹ xɤŋ³⁵/

Macaiheng (an island in the East China Sea off Jiangsu, China)


外磕腳

/waɪ̯⁵¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waɪ̯⁵¹ kʰɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Waikejiao (an island in the East China Sea off Jiangsu, China)


達山

/tä³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tä³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～嶋) Dashan (an island in the East China Sea off Jiangsu, China)


達念山

/tä³⁵ ni̯ɛn⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tä³⁵ ni̯ɛn⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～嶋) synonym of 達山 /达山 (Dáshān), Danianshan (an island in the East China Sea off Jiangsu, China)


泰簿礁

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

synonym of 達山 /达山 (Dáshān), Taibujiao (an island in the East China Sea off Jiangsu, China)


金庭

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Jinting (a town in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China)


江心洲

Цзянсиньчжоу

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Jiangxin (an island of Jianye district, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China)


Телин

ru-proper noun+

Тели́н • (Telín) m inan (genitive Тели́на)

Тели́н (canonical)
Telín (romanization)
Тели́на (genitive)
Тели́н (nominative singular)
Тели́на (genitive singular)
Тели́ну (dative singular)
Тели́н (accusative singular)
Тели́ном (instrumental singular)
Тели́не (prepositional singular)
Тѣли́нъ (alternative)

Tieling (a prefecture-level city of Liaoning, China)


Dongchang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 東昌 /东昌 (Dōngchāng).

At the conference, a responsible comrade of the provincial Public Security Department spoke to relay the guidelines of the national antidrug work conference and three typical units—the Dongchang District of Tonghua city, Jian city, and Dunhua city—introduced their experiences in the antidrug work.

1991 November 29 [1991 September 25], Wang Chengyong (3769 2052 0516), “Resolutely and Effectively Crack Down on Criminal Activities Related to Drugs”, in Daily Report: China, number 230, sourced from Changchun JILIN RIBAO p 1, translation of original in Chinese, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 68, column 1:


Erdaojiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 二道江.

In Erdaojiang town, Erdaojiang district, Tonghua, Jilin province, Li Feng, a teacher at the Central Primary School, was sentenced to death for harassing and raping nineteen female students.

2005, Chinese Education and Society: A Journal of Translations, volume 38, numbers 4-6, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 35:


Liuhe

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 柳河 (Liǔhé).

In 1991, 26 Korean middle schools were in Liuhe County, an administrative district of the industrial city of Tonghua in the west of the province, but by 2011 there remained only one.

2016 June 9, Steven Denney, Christopher Green, “How Beijing Turned Koreans Into Chinese”, in The Diplomat, archived from the original on 2016-06-10, Features:


Huinan

Huinan County in Kirin has reaped a bumper harvest of ginseng this year, with total output reaching more than 65,000 catties.

1971 October 26 [1971 October 15], “Kirin Ginseng Production”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 206, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA Domestic Service, translation of original in Chinese, →ISSN, →OCLC, People's Republic of China: Northeast Region, page G 4:

The agency said the train plowed into the bus on an unattended crossing in Huinan county, Jilin Province, on Wednesday.

1989 January 19, “32 Are Killed and 41 Injured In Chinese Bus-Train Crash”, in The New York Times, sourced from Reuters, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-25, World:


Meihekou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 梅河口 (Méihékǒu).

A county-level city of Tonghua, Jilin, China.


Tiantai

A town in the county-level city of Chishui, prefecture-level city of Zunyi, Guizhou, China.

A town in the Yuanzhou District, prefecture-level city of Yichun, Jiangxi, China.

A town in the county-level city of Dehui, prefecture-level city of Changchun, Jilin, China.

A township in Xuanhan County, prefecture-level city of Dazhou, Sichuan, China.


Xinghua

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 興化 /兴化 (Xīnghuà).

One of the most respected authors in China today, Bi Feiyu was born in Xinghua in the province of Jiangsu and grew up during the Cultural Revolution.

2012 June 21, “Contributors to Global Agenda June 2012”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-09-12, Opinion:

A county-level city of Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.


Haotang

Located in Pingqiao District of Xinyang, Henan Province, Haotang Village was ordinary and underdeveloped. In recent decades, many villagers had gone out to make a living because farming in the village could bring them only meager income.[…]In 2009, Li Changping, director of the Institute of China New Rural Planning and Design, who had long been devoted to the three major issues of the countryside, namely, agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and Sun Jun, the advocator and organizer of Beijing Green Cross, began their sustainable development and construction experiment in Haotang Village.

2017, Zhang Xiaode [张孝德], Ye Peihong [叶培红], “Haotang Village: Keep the Original Flavor Of the Village”, in Zhou Gang [周钢], transl., Dreams in Rural China [有根的中国梦], 1st edition, Beijing: New World Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 291:

Haotang village, under the jurisdiction of Pingqiao District, Xinyang City, Henan Province, China, has an area of approximately 20 square kilometres and a population of about 2300. Haotang lacks tourism resources and an industrial base for the development of secondary and tertiary activities and has in recent years slid into a rural recession.

2019, Yanheng Lu, Junxi Qian, “Towards a material approach in rural geography: Architectural experiments in China’s rural renaissance and reconstruction movements”, in Geoforum, volume 116, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Located in the suburbs of southeastern Pingqiao District, Xinyang City, Henan Province, Haotang Village has an area of 20.7 km2 and jurisdiction over 18 village groups and 2,385 people. The green village construction community of Haotang Village is[…]

2021, Xiaoming Wang, Hong Hua, Green Village and Town Construction in China, Beijing: Science Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 106:

A residential community in Wulidian, Pingqiao district, Xinyang, Henan, China, formerly a village.


郝堂

→ English: Haotang

/xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

(～社區, formerly ～村) Haotang (a residential community in Wulidian, Pingqiao district, Xinyang, Henan, China, formerly a village)


鎮寧

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ niŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ nɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ niŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ nɪŋ²¹/

布依族苗族自治縣 布依族苗族自治縣#Chinese

(～布依族苗族自治縣, ～縣) Zhenning (an autonomous county of Anshun, Guizhou, China)


Dongtou

He said more than 1.6 million tourists visited Dongtou county - which is an island - last year. Most visitors were from Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shanghai, but the number from inland provinces had increased rapidly in recent years.

2009 April 20, “Yours for 15m yuan - a 30-year lease on an uninhabited island”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-07-24, Latest:

A district of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, formerly a county.


Liupanshui

“In recent years earnings from farming were low, everyone let land go fallow,” said Tao Yongpan, an official at Mount Niangniang, a cluster of villages in the Liupanshui area of western Guizhou that served as an inspiration for policies promoted by Mr. Chen. “Soil erosion was serious and farmland was left idle. Rural production was on the slide.”

2017 September 12, Chris Buckley, “After Toiling in Rural China, a Protégé of Xi Jinping Joins Party’s Top Tiers”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-09-12, Asia Pacific:

A prefecture-level city of Guizhou, China.


燕郊

/jɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Yanjiao (a town in Sanhe, Hebei, China)


Yinhai

On 29 April 2011 the Yinhai District People's Court in Beihai, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, sentenced Xu Kun to four years in prison and a fine of 200,000 yuan (US$31,427) for "illegal business activity" for operating a parking lot.

2012, “Barriers to Accessing Effective Remedies”, in Standing Their Ground: Thousands Face Violent Eviction in China, Amnesty International, →OCLC, page 33:

A district of Beihai, Guangxi autonomous region, China.


Tieshangang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 鐵山港 /铁山港.

The next day, the last Sunday of January, Senior Pastor Zhang Yezhong of Beihai Church in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, along with the David Choir members, attended the Sunday worship service at a village gathering site in Xingang^([sic – meaning Xinggang]) Town, Tieshangang District.

2024 February 1, John Zhang, “Churches Across China Care for Believers Before Chinese New Year”, in China Christian Daily, archived from the original on 2024-04-16:


Haicheng

In mid-March, just after the passing of the amended CPL and after nine months of detention, he was finally allowed to meet his family, as prosecutors agreed to change his detention location from a police facility to a residential one, which should have been his home, even under the current CPL guidelines. However, he was instead locked up in a flat in Beihai's Haicheng district - the location of the office of the prosecutor in charge of investigating his case.

2012 April 5, “Amendments to criminal law need greater detail”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-20:


Qianxinan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 黔西南 (Qiánxīnán).

The blast occurred in the Shazi district of Qianxinan city in Guizhou province, Xinhua said. No deaths have been reported.[…]
The fire was out as of 2:30 a.m. on Monday (7.30 p.m. BST on Sunday), the municipal government of Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture said on its official Weibo account.

2018 June 11, Dominique Patton, Meng Meng, “CNPC gas pipeline explosion injures 24 people in southwest China - government”, in Joseph Radford, Tom Hogue, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-11-28:

A Buyei and Miao autonomous prefecture in Guizhou, China.


Qinglong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 青龍 /青龙 (Qīnglóng).

A Manchu autonomous county in Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China.


Qinglong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 晴隆 (Qínglóng).


Pu'an

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 普安.


Xingyi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 興義 /兴义 (Xīngyì).

Local officials in Xingyi, Guizhou, denied that Mr. Wang’s death was driven by despair over his financial situation and inability to educate his younger children. But there was widespread speculation that it was so, with Mr. Wang having spent the days before his death anxiously asking local officials about the fine, which he couldn’t afford to pay, according to Chinese media reports.

2014 June 16, Didi Kirsten Tatlow, “Father’s Day Plea to Educate China’s ‘Illegal’ Children”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-05-27, Sinosphere:

A county-level city of Qianxinan, Guizhou, China.


Xingren

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 興仁 /兴仁 (Xīngrén).

Xingren county, in Guizhou province, also started military training last September for officials who were believed to be unqualified or negligent.

2015 April 20, Mandy Zuo, “Chinese civil servants have to learn discipline on PLA boot camp”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-04-23, Society:


Anlong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 安龍 /安龙 (Ānlóng).

Amid the lush landscape of Guizhou in China a drone video shows a natural wonder: a series of mountains with a striking resemblance to the Egyptian pyramids.
The footage has captivated social media users worldwide, and its virality has sparked online debate.
Some speculate that the mountains in Anlong county conceal the tombs of ancient emperors while others believe they were crafted by the same extraterrestrial beings purported to have built the pyramids of Egypt.

2024 March 20, Zhang Tong, “Ancient mystery: netizens captivated by pyramid formations in southern China”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-03-20, Science:


Zhenfeng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 貞豐 /贞丰.

Fourteen people were killed in a coal mine accident in China's southwest Guizhou province, the official Xinhua news agency said on Sunday after a 10-day rescue operation.
A collapse at the Shunxun coal mine in Zhenfeng county trapped the 14 people on Feb. 25.

2022 March 6, Min Zhang, Muyu Xu, Ryan Woo, “Coal mine accident in China's Guizhou kills 14 -Xinhua”, in Christopher Cushing, editor, Reuters, sourced from Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2022-03-06, China:


Ceheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 冊亨 /册亨 (Cèhēng).

The Supreme People's Procuratorate also said yesterday it had launched separate investigations into four former law enforcers suspected of corruption, Xinhua reported.
The four suspects are Sun Hai, former deputy chief of the provincial prison administration in Hebei; Liu Xianming, former police chief of Ceheng county, Guizhou; Wu Jianming, a former judge in Nancheng county, Jiangxi; and Lin An, a former prosecutor stationed at a local prison in Inner Mongolia.

2014 August 27, Andrea Chen, “China issues new rule to stop wealthy from buying their way out of jail”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-08-30, China:


Wangmo

A county of Qianxinan prefecture, Guizhou, China.


Kherlen

Kern (alternative)
Kerulen (alternative)

Three principal rivers meander through the area: the Kherlen, Halhaun, and Uldza. Two of these originate in the Kentey Mountains and flow through the lowlands in the northeastern part of the plain; the larger Kherlen empties into Hu-lun-ch'ih (Dalay) Lake in the Chinese People's Republic, while the Uldza, when it does not first dry up, empties into the Tooroy Lake in the Soviet Union.

1963 July 1, “Mongolia”, in Characteristics of Manchuria, Mongolia, and North China (Air Force Pamphlet), number 200-2-4, Washington, D.C.: Department of the Air Force, →OCLC, page 85:

The Khustyn Bulag site group is located in the upper basin of the Kherlen River in Tuv Aimag in Mongolia. It is located on a wide flat terrace on the northeastern shore of the Zuun Baidlag River, a tributary of the Kherlen River, and consists of many sites from the Paleolithic Age to the nineteenth century.

2022, Isao Usuki, “Introduction and Deployment of the Ceramic Industry in the Xiongnu Empire”, in Tomoko Nagatomo, Maria Shinoto, Daisuke Nakamura, editors, Kilns in East and North Asia: The adoption of ceramic industries (Archaeology of East Asia), volume 7, Oxford: BAR Publishing, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 128:

A river in China and Mongolia, periodical tributary of Argun.


Nancheng

Our family was originally from Nancheng county, Fuzhou district, Jiangxi province. Nancheng dates back to ancient times, to the days when Liu Bang ruled as the first Han dynasty emperor, and Nancheng belonged to Yuzhang district.

2018 [2013], Rao Pingru, translated by Nicky Harman, Our Story: A Memoir of Love and Life in China, Square Peg, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 26:


唐河

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/tʰɔːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

(～縣) Tanghe (a county of Nanyang, Henan, China)


慶元

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɪŋ³³ jyːn²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɪŋ³³ jyːn²¹/

(～縣) Qingyuan (a county of Lishui, Zhejiang, China)

(～府, ～路) (historical) Qingyuan (a historical fu (prefecture) and lu (circuit) that existed in the Southern Song and Yuan dynasties respectively and whose capital was Yin County (鄞縣／鄞县), located in present-day Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)


Huancui

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 環翠 /环翠.

The food safety administration in Weihai’s Huancui district said it had sent samples of the cooking oil collected from the school for testing and was waiting for the results.

2018 November 10, Mandy Zuo, “Chinese school kitchen used filthy oil to cook children’s meals, parents say”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-11-10, People & Culture:


Rongcheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 榮成 /荣成 (Róngchéng).

China has launched a new high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear plant in the eastern coastal province of Shandong, the first to make use of 'pebble bed reactor' (PBR) technology developed by state-run China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC).
The first unit of the Shidaowan reactor project, built near the city of Rongcheng in collaboration with the energy group Huaneng and Beijing's Tsinghua University, has now been connected to the grid, CNNC said on Monday.

2021 December 20, David Stanway, “China puts pioneering 'pebble bed' nuclear reactor into operation”, in Kenneth Maxwell, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-12-20, Commodities:

A county-level city of Weihai, Shandong, China.


Wendeng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 文登 (Wéndēng).

Aung Myat Min’s brother, who requested anonymity because he is still working in Wendeng district, told RFA that most factories in Weihai are working alongside the police and are likely holding about 300 Myanmar migrants who are being used as unpaid laborers.

2021 November 17, Eugene Whong, “China detains at least 400 Myanmar migrants for more than a year”, in Khin Maung Nyane, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2021-11-17:


Rushan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 乳山 (Rǔshān).

An ongoing case in Rushan, Shandong province illustrates that no matter what potential benefit nuclear power might have in mitigating China’s energy demands (currently assumed but undemonstrated), the nuclear alternative makes no sense without public support. Construction has been held up due to citizen resistance.

2007 December 22, Yu Jie, “Answers from Yu Jie”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-01-22, China and the Environment:


Deqing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 德清 (Déqīng).

Enforcement is spotty at best. Shen Yulin, the environmental protection director for Deqing County, where the Haijiu factory is located, said 65 inspectors were responsible for a region of nearly 400 square miles, with more than 2,000 factories.

2011 June 15, Sharon LaFraniere, “Lead Poisoning in China: The Hidden Scourge”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-10-03, Asia Pacific:


Emeishan

Pernod unveiled on Thursday plans for a 13-hectare malt whisky distillery site in Emeishan, Sichuan, which is due to begin production in 2021. The distillery will have a Chinese master distiller to produce a malt whisky catering to local tastes.

2019 August 29, Dominique Vidalon, “Pernod launches share buyback, new investments in U.S., China”, in Sudip Kar-Gupta, Deepa Babington, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-06-03, Business:

A county-level city of Leshan, Sichuan, China.


ᡄᠷᡔᡅᠰ

ercis (romanization)
ᡄᠷᡔᡅᠱ (alternative)

→ Manchu: ᡝᡵᠴᡳᠰ (ercis)

desc

→ Chinese: 額爾齊斯 /额尔齐斯 (É'ěrqísī) (via Mandarin)

Irtysh (a river in China, Kazakhstan, Russia)


龍里

/lʊŋ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ lei̯¹³/

/lʊŋ³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ lei̯¹³/

(～縣) Longi (a county of Qiannan prefecture, Guizhou, China)


Huma

In the Wupalao Island area in Huma County of Heilungkiang Province, China, between June 1 and July 31, Soviet troops almost daily opened fire from the Soviet bank with light and heavy machineguns on the island and the Chinese bank, firing a total of 1,743 bursts and 1,067 single shots.

1969 August 22 [1969 August 19], “Chinese Government Lodges Strong Protest With Soviet Government”, in Peking Review, number 34, →OCLC, page 5, column 1:

Workers in China’s northernmost province of Heilongjiang are using explosives to clear a river of ice jams in an effort to prevent flooding. Ice jams are river blockages caused by melting ice that can cause floods or raised water levels. Authorities in Huma county arranged for the ice detonation in a river on the border with Russia, as temperature rises have caused the river to thaw at a faster rate.

2022 March 31, Harvey Kong, “Chinese workers take explosive approach to clear ice jams”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-03-31, Society:

A county of Dahingganling prefecture, Heilongjiang, China.


Altishahr

From Uyghur ئالتىشەھەر (altisheher, literally “six cities”).

bor

Chinese scholars organise Altishahr's history by the dynasties, even during those dynasties when they had no control over it. They treat the region as a border area of the motherland, instead of a place with its own history and traditions. "This approach has doomed standard histories in the eyes of most [Uygurs]," Thum writes.
Altishahr did not become part of the Chinese empire until 1759, when the emperor, Qianlong, sent an enormous army to conquer the Dzungar Mongols who then controlled the region. The Dzungar were defeated, leaving the Qing empire in control of Altishahr.

2014 August 24, Mark O'Neill, “Ancient manuscripts tell of proud, independent people”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-02-21, Lifestyle:

(historical) The Tarim Basin region, an endorheic basin and cultural region of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


六城

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/


彭山

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Pengshan (a district and former county of Meishan, Sichuan, China)


Fujin

A county-level city of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.


千島湖

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵ wuː²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵ wuː²¹/

Qiandao Lake (a man-made freshwater lake located in Chun'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, that was formed after the completion of the Xin'an River hydroelectric station in 1959)


涇源

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

Jingyuan County, Ningxia
w:Jingyuan County, Ningxia

(～縣) Jingyuan County, Ningxia (a county of Ningxia, China)


武鄉

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Wuxiang County (a county of Shanxi, China)


沙耳

/ʂä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Sha'er (a township in Jinchuan, Ngawa prefecture, Sichuan, China)


Fuyang

State media has praised a doctor in Fuyang, Anhui province, for alerting experts about the outbreak of the deadly hand, foot and mouth disease when her colleagues insisted the cases were just colds or flu.
The official People's Daily carried a tribute with the headline 'We salute you, Fuyang's Liu Xiaolin', comparing her to a doctor who helped lead the fight against the deadly Sars virus.

2008 May 10, Chloe Lai, “Doctor hailed as a hero for sounding alarm on outbreak”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-30, World:

A prefecture-level city of Anhui, China.


Cangzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 滄州 /沧州 (Cāngzhōu).

Hebei Province, which surrounds Beijing, is China’s top steel-producing province. Steel plants play a big role in air and water pollution, but the city of Cangzhou’s answer to the problem is an anti-smoking campaign.
A Hebei official newspaper, Yanzhao Dushi Bao, reported in July that local officials in Cangzhou held a public meeting pledging their commitment to the anti-smoking cause. With smoke billowing from the chimneys of factories in the distance, officials promoted the slogan: “Curbing air pollution starts with me!”

2013 October 29, Yu Hua, “Jokes, Lies and Pollution in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-11-04, Opinion:

A prefecture-level city of Hebei, China.


Xingtai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 邢臺 /邢台 (Xíngtái).

Little detailed information is available on the series of violent shocks which occurred in Hopeh province, north-eastern China, in March 1966. The earthquake of 7 March (No. 184), whose epicentre was located in the region of Hsing-t’ai, about 400 km south-west of Pekin, probably caused extensive damage since the magnitude was 7 and the focus shallow.[…]
The New China agency reported that numerous buildings and houses collapsed but that the number of casualties was less than on 8 March, when people had been caught in their sleep. The worst damage was done at Hsing-t’ai, Heng-shui and Shih-chia-chuang [1]; numerous aftershocks (Nos. 186-90) were felt in the same region up to 29 March.

[1970, “Earthquakes”, in Annual summary of information on natural disasters 1966, Belgium: Unesco, →OCLC, page 26:


Woody Island

According to Japanese sources, Peking has maintained some sort of naval bases on Woody (Yung-hsing) Island and Lincoln (Tung) Island in the eastern Paracels since at least 1958. Several patrol vessels and supply ships were sighted there in mid-1971, along with shore-based radar installations; and the flotilla that clashed with the Vietnamese in 1974 numbered seven ships, including Komar-class gunboats equipped with Styx missiles.

1977, Selig S. Harrison, “Danger Zones in the South China Sea”, in China, Oil and Asia: Conflict Ahead?, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 192:

Initial plans call for ships to visit Woody Island, called Yongxing Island by China, though tourists would not be allowed to leave their boat.

2012 April 10, “China stakes claim to islands with "Princess Coconut" voyage”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-03-18, Business:

Recently, Professor Sam Bateman, a Senior Fellow in the Maritime Security Programme at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, presented another line of argument. He pointed out that China's oil rig is 120 miles from Vietnam's coast, and 80 miles from China's Woody (Yongxing) Island which is unquestionably subject to the island regime under the current UNCLOS provisions, and consequently entitled to its own EEZ and continental shelf.

2014 May 20, Gabriel Domínguez, “Beijing 'prepared to defend rights' in South China Sea”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2019-10-25, Asia:

China has reportedly deployed anti-ship and surface-to-air missiles, along with electronic jammers and other equipment, on islands it built on disputed reefs in the Spratly Islands, some of which have runways.
It also landed a bomber aircraft on Woody Island in the Paracels group, sparking alarm among rival claimants and the United States. Washington has no territorial claims in the region but has declared that freedom of navigation and overflight in the waters is in U.S. national interest.

2018 July 2, “Recent developments surrounding the South China Sea”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2024-03-21:

In April, it created two new administrative districts to govern the islands it controls in the Paracel and Spratly chains. China’s Navy also said that it had succeeded it growing cabbage and other vegetables in the sand of Woody Island, helping to feed the growing number of troops stationed there.

2020 May 24, Steven Lee Myers, “Why China’s Move to Rein in Hong Kong is Just the Start”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-05-24, Asia Pacific:

An island of the Paracel Islands in the South China Sea administered under Sansha, Hainan, China (claimed by Taiwan (ROC) and Vietnam).


Yueqing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 樂清 /乐清 (Yuèqīng).

Officials in the city of Yueqing in Zhejiang Province, which supervises Mr. Qian’s home village, insist that the photographs show nothing more than an unfortunate traffic accident.

2010 December 28, Xiyun Yang, Edward Wong, “Suspicious Death Ignites Fury in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-12-29, Asia Pacific:

A county-level city of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.


Yongjia

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 永嘉 (Yǒngjiā).

Nearly five million people in Zhejiang Province have been affected by the storm, Typhoon Lekima, which made landfall early Saturday, according to the reports. Many of the deaths occurred in Yongjia County, near the city of Wenzhou, when the collapse of a natural dam set off a flash flood that swept away several people in the fast-moving waters, said CCTV, the state-run broadcaster.

2019 August 11, Amy Qin, “Death Toll From Typhoon Lekima in China Rises to 30”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-08-11, Asia Pacific:


Ouhai

In Ouhai County of Zhejiang Province, three-fourths of the industrial output comes from companies owned by shareholders, the official New China News Agency has reported.

1988 December 5, Nicholas D. Kristof, “China, Seeking More Efficiency, Looks to a Stock Market System”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-25, Section A, page 1:

A district of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, formerly a county.


Longwan

The Longwan district prosecutor in the coastal city of Wenzhou said on its official microblog that Wenzhou Guoding Investment had set up a virtual platform for futures trading, conducting 3.2 billion yuan ($515.4 million) of illegal business.

2015 July 31, Adam Jourdan, Brenda Goh, SHANGHAI newsroom, “China arrests seven in 1:100 leveraged futures scam”, in Nick Macfie, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2025-01-11:


Rui'an

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 瑞安 (Ruì'ān).

Mr. Li, 63, spent his entire career until last autumn working his way up through a series of municipal and provincial administrations on China’s prosperous eastern seaboard, along the way cultivating his relationship with Mr. Xi.
He began his career in an irrigation station, then a tool factory in Rui’an, a county on the outskirts of Wenzhou, one of the most entrepreneurial cities in China. He worked his way up to the post of Communist Party leader of Wenzhou, a position he held for three years until 2004.

2023 March 13, Keith Bradsher, Chang Che, Chris Buckley, Amy Chang Chien, John Liu, Li You, “China’s New Premier Needs to Revive Growth. How Far Will Loyalty Get Him?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-13, Xi's Third Term:


Wencheng

The landslides Wednesday in Zhejiang province, south of the financial hub of Shanghai, followed Typhoon Megi, which brought heavy rains and high winds to China and Taiwan this past week.[…]
The second landslide in Wencheng county killed five people, with one person still missing, an official at the county’s flood control office said Saturday.

2016 September 30, “13 dead, 20 still missing in China after typhoon landslides”, in AP News, sourced from Beijing (AP), archived from the original on 2024-09-25:


Taishun

The accident occurred in Taishun county in coastal Zhejiang province when the bus collided with a truck and fell more than 10 metres (more than 30 feet) into the Pengxi reservoir and sank, Xinhua said.

2007 August 10, “Dozen feared dead as China bus falls in reservoir”, in Reuters, sourced from Xinhua news agency, archived from the original on 2024-10-09:


Cangnan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 蒼南 /苍南 (Cāngnán).

It said 81 people were killed in the southeastern city of Wenzhou, including at least 43 people in suburban Cangnan county. Another 11 people were missing in Wenzhou, the agency said.
Bodies of the dead in Cangnan, which included eight children, were discovered amid the debris of collapsed houses, Xinhua said.

2006 August 11, “Typhoon Saomai kills more than 100 in China - Asia - Pacific - International Herald Tribune”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-10-29, Asia Pacific:


ବ୍ରହ୍ମପୁତ୍ର

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit ब्रह्मपुत्र (brahmaputra).

lbor

Brahmaputra (a river in India, Bangladesh and China)


Bình An

Sino-Vietnamese word from 平安 (“peaceful”), Literary Chinese 平安, also a semantic loan from Mandarin 平安 (Píng'ān) and semantic loan from Japanese 平安 (Heian). Doublet of bình yên, Bình Yên, and Bằng An.

doublet

Ping'an (a district of Haidong, Qinghai, China)


An Bình

Sino-Vietnamese, from an bình, also a semantic loan from Mandarin 安平 (Ānpíng). Doublet of yên bình, Yên Bình, and Yên Bằng.

Anping (a county of Hengshui, Hebei, China)

Anping (an urban town in Lianyuan, Loudi, Hunan, China)


Chengguan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 城關 /城关 (Chéngguān).

People rest in the shade beneath a government propaganda banner in Chinese and Tibetan near a neighborhood Tibetan Buddhist shrine in the Chengguan district of Lhasa in western China's Tibet Autonomous Region, as seen during a rare government-led tour of the region for foreign journalists, Thursday June 3, 2021.

2024 May 21, “Report says China is accelerating the forced urbanization of rural Tibetans”, in AP News, sourced from TAIPEI, Taiwan, archived from the original on 2024-05-23, World News:

A district of Lhasa, Tibet autonomous region, China.


Dagzê

Jiang Zaiping, the vice chief of the Public Security Bureau in Lhasa, said investigators have arrested the suspects responsible for arson attacks on three shops - including the clothing outlet where five young women were burned to death - and one in nearby Dagze county, the Tibet Daily newspaper reported Monday.

[2008 March 31, Jim Yardley, “Olympic torch begins uncertain journey from Beijing”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-06-19, Asia Pacific:


Maizhokunggar

From Tibetan མལ་གྲོ་གུང་དཀར (mal gro gung dkar).

bor

མལ་གྲོ་གུང་དཀར

The authorities said the landslide occurred in Maizhokunggar County, about 45 miles east of Lhasa, the capital of Tibet.

2013 March 29, David Barboza, “China: Landslide Buries Workers at Mine in Tibet”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-03-30, Asia Pacific:

A county of Lhasa, Tibet autonomous region, China.


Lhünzhub

In December 2020, Lhundrub county of Lhasa launched a lecture series on “Reincarnation of Living Buddhas” and on the “four standards to become exemplary monks and nuns,” the highlight of which was, as reported in the Tibet Daily, to emphasize that reincarnation of the 14th Dalai Lama must be “domestically searched, drawn from the Golden Urn, and approved by the central government.”

2021 March 10, Apa Lhamo, “Why the Chinese Communist Party Sees Tibetan Monks as ‘Troublemakers’”, in The Diplomat, archived from the original on 2021-03-10, Features:


Damxung

The weather is subject to abrupt, unpredictable changes, and it is not uncommon to encounter a snowstorm on the pass between Damxung and Lake Namtso even in midsummer. Bring food and soft drinks from Lhasa. Beer is available in Damxung.
The road from Lhasa to Damxung follows Tibet's main route to Golmud and Qinghai for 167 kilometres (104 miles).

1997, Elizabeth B. Booz, “Lhasa”, in Odyssey Illustrated Guide to Tibet, 2nd edition, Hong Kong: Local Colour Ltd, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 128:

I conducted this research in one natural village (the smallest administrative settlement unit in Tibet) in Damzhung County in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China.

[2015 Summer, Kelly A. Hopping, “Cascading Effects of Changing Climate and Land Use on Alpine Ecosystems and Pastoral Livelihoods in Central Tibet”, in Colorado State University (Dissertation), archived from the original on 2024-06-23:


Doilungdêqên

From Tibetan སྟོད་ལུང་བདེ་ཆེན (stod lung bde chen).

སྟོད་ལུང་བདེ་ཆེན

(ii) Dolungdeqen-Lhunzhub Subregion[…]
The northern belt runs from the southeast of Nam Co—Degen, east through Doilungdeqen County, passing south of Nam Co to Sangba; the middle and southern belts lie north and south of the Cretaceous red bed basin north of Lhasa.

[1988, Yin Jixiang, Xu Juntao, Liu Chengjie, Li Huan, “The Tibetan plateau: regional stratigraphic context and previous work”, in The Geological Evolution of Tibet: Report of the 1985 Royal Society-Academia Sinica Geotraverse of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, London: The Royal Society, sourced from Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series A, volume 327 (no. 1594), pages 1–413, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 36:

The area east of the Jokhang, with a short radius around the mosque, has retained a strong Muslim atmosphere. The rest is Chinese. In the west, an ugly industrial zone sprawls from Doilungdêqên past the Norbulinka to the Potala.

1992 February, Robert Strauss, “Lhasa”, in Tibet: A Travel Survival Kit (Lonely Planet), 2nd edition, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 103, column 2:


Qüxü

At the end of 2005, the UN’s then Special Rapporteur on Torture, Dr Manfred Nowak, became the first official international observer to visit Chushur Prison south-west of Lhasa following its opening in April, 2005. The prison, on the site of a detention facility that had been there since the 1960s, is in an area south-west of Lhasa in Chushur county, near Nyethang (Chinese: Niedang), off the road leading south from Lhasa towards Shigatse. While once a rural area, it is now much more built-up, like the rest of Lhasa. Dr Nowak noted that in this prison as well as others he visited in Lhasa there was: “a palpable level of fear and censorship”.

[2018 October 3, “CHINA’S CONTROL STATE IN LHASA”, in International Campaign for Tibet, archived from the original on 2018-10-18:


Nyêmo

According to Xinhua, the state-run news agency, the bus was carrying about 50 passengers on Saturday afternoon when it crashed into two vehicles on a mountainous highway and then fell 30 feet, landing on its roof, the local authorities said. The accident occurred in Nyemo County, about 60 miles from the Tibetan capital, Lhasa. The police have detained managers of the companies involved with the tour bus that crashed.

[2014 August 10, Dan Levin, “44 Dead in Tour Bus Crash in Tibet”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-08-11, Asia Pacific:


Jingzhao

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 京兆 (Jīngzhào).

From 1254 to 1257 Qubilai appointed Lian Xixian to head the newly created Pacification Commission in Jingzhao (modern Xi’an), where he concentrated on enforcing existing decrees from ÖGEDEI KHAN’s reign (1229-41), limiting interest to an amount equal to the principal and emancipating all Confucian scholars held in slavery.

2004, Christopher P. Atwood, “Lian Xixian (Lien Hsi-hsien)”, in Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, Facts on File, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 332, column 2:

(historical) Former name of Xi'an: the capital of Shaanxi Province, China, under the Yuan Dynasty.


Yuchingkou

From Mandarin 餘慶溝 /余庆沟, Wade–Giles romanization: Yü²-chʻing⁴-kou¹.

They shall also be responsible for the supervision of the operations in the semi-official yard at Yuchingkou so that effective reforms may be instituted.

1915 September, “Gold Mining in Heilungkiang”, in The Far Eastern Review, volume XII, number 4, →OCLC, page 159, columns 2–3:

Then, down this stream, some thirty miles southwest of the Huma District, is another gold field which caused a tremendous stir at one time. No less than 15,000 miners were reported to have rushed into this field of Yuchingkou, but of late, like so many other gold fields in North Manchuria, it has lost much of its drawing power.

1925, Adachi Kinnosuke, “Mining and Mineral Wealth”, in Manchuria: A Survey, New York: Robert M. McBride & Company, →OCLC, page 203:


Lincoln Island

LINCOLN ISLAND, in lat. 16° 40ʹ N., lon. 112° 42ʹ E., is about 3 miles in circuit, surrounded by a reef to the distance of a mile ; it is low, covered with small brush-wood, and has a spring of excellent water near three coco-nut trees in its centre. There are 20 fathoms close to the rocks at the south and west sides, and the soundings appear to extend about 2 miles off, but the water is deep on the east side. This is the easternmost island of the Paracels.
PYRAMID ROCK, in lat. 16° 36ʹ N., lon. 112° 37ʹ E., about 6 miles to the S.W. of Lincoln Island, has no soundings close to; but the pilot said that soundings were continued in a narrow line, from the south part of Lincoln Island to the shoal seen by the ship Bombay Merchant in 1800.

1843, James Horsburgh, “The Paracels, with the Banks and Dangers in the Northern part of the China Sea”, in The India Directory, or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America: comp. Chiefly from Original Journals of the Honourable Company's Ships, and from Observations and Remarks, Resulting from the Experience of Twenty-one Years in the Navigation of those Seas, volume II, London: Wm. H. Allen and Co., →OCLC, page 358:

LINCOLN ISLAND, the S.E. point of which is in lat. 16° 39ʹ 34" N., long. 112° 44ʹ 23" E., is 1¼ mile long, N.W. and S.E., three-quarters of a mile wide, and about 20 ft. high ; it is covered with brushwood, and surrounded by a coral reef, dry at low water, which extends 1¼ mile from its S.E. point, half a mile from its North and East sides, and about a cable's length from its S.W. side. A narrow coral shoal runs off to the southward from its S.E. point, which is said by Horsburgh to extend 11 miles ; time did not admit of its being properly examined by the Rifleman, but judging from the soundings that were obtained, the dangerous part of this shoal does not appear to extend farther than 3 miles from the island. Grood anchorage can be obtained in the N.E. monsoon under its lee in 8 to 10 fathoms, coral, about half a mile from the shore. The spring of excellent water in the centre of this island, mentioned by Horsburgh, is merely a well dug by the Hainan fishermen close to a stunted cocoa-nut tree, into which the salt water filters.
PYRAMID ROCK bears S.W. ¼ W., distant 7½ miles, from the S.E. point of Lincoln Island, and 10½ miles N.W. by W. from the South end of the bank extending southwards from that island. Between Lincoln Island and the Pyramid there are depths of 27 to 31 fathoms.
H.M.S. Dido, in 1844, observed a shoal about 10 miles to the eastward of Lincoln Island. It is shown on the chart as a doubtful danger in lat. 16° 45ʹ N., long. 112° 54ʹ E.

1878, Alexander George Findlay, A Directory for the Navigation of the Indian Archipelago, China, and Japan, 2nd edition, Richard Holmes Laurie, page 643:

The Captain was extremely anxious, as the Typhoon struck him when his ship was between the Paracels and Macclesfield Bank. After the weather cleared he found himself in soundings about 20 miles South of Lincoln Island.

1912 October 16, “THE LAST TYPHOON.”, in The China Mail, number 15,485, →OCLC, page 5, column 3:

LINCOLN ISLAND
LATITUDE 16° 40ʹ N., LONGITUDE 112° 44ʹ E.
The eastern island of the Paracel group, about 2 kilometers long, with a maximum elevation of about 5 meters. It is covered with bushes and has a well in its center. Lincoln Island, according to Aso, has an area of 1,720,000 m², of which 756,000 m² are covered by phosphate.

1950, George Evelyn Hutchinson, “Guano Islands in the South China Sea, in the Seas of the East Indian Archipelago, and in the Adjacent Parts of the Indian Ocean”, in Survey of Existing Knowledge of Biogeochemistry. 3, The Biogeochemistry of Vertebrate Excretion (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History), volume 96, →OCLC, page 280, column 1:

According to Japanese sources, Peking has maintained some sort of naval bases on Woody (Yung-hsing) Island and Lincoln (Tung) Island in the eastern Paracels since at least 1958. Several patrol vessels and supply ships were sighted there in mid-1971, along with shore-based radar installations; and the flotilla that clashed with the Vietnamese in 1974 numbered seven ships, including Komar-class gunboats equipped with Styx missiles.

1977, Selig S. Harrison, “Danger Zones in the South China Sea”, in China, Oil and Asia: Conflict Ahead?, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 192:

However, with the potential for oil and the presence of fish in the vicinity, jurisdiction over these resources under an EEZ or Continental Shelf claim would be valuable. Macclesfield Bank would fall within such a claim radiating from Lincoln Island in the Paracel Group.

1985, Daniel J. Dzurek, “Boundary and Resource Disputes in the South China Sea”, in Ocean Yearbook 5, University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 272:

1. The U.S. side has made a full investigation of the incidents that the Chinese side brought to its attention on March 24, 1972.²
The U.S. side has verified that the ship and aircraft in question on the dates cited went within twelve nautical miles of the Paracel Islands but at no time moved closer to the Islands than three nautical miles. The ship and aircraft were conducting surveillance on an infiltration trawler engaged in carrying contraband in the vicinity of Lincoln (Tung) Island in the Paracels.
In the interest of U.S.-Chinese relations the U.S. side has issued instructions that henceforth a distance of at least twelve nautical miles should be maintained from the Paracel Islands. This is without prejudice to the U.S. positions either on the territorial sea question or the various claims to the Paracel Islands.

2006 [1972 April 3], “Message From the Government of the United States to the Government of the People's Republic of China”, in Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969-1972, volume XVII, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 873:

Ly Son fishermen confirm they get very close, sometimes working within 10 nautical miles of the islands and reefs inside what China claims as territorial waters.
They seek shellfish and edible seaweeds in shallow water as well as fish such as tuna, mackerel and jacks further out, sometimes on trips that can take 35 days.
Significantly, they confirm not only fishing near Triton Island - the nearest to Vietnam - but also Bombay reef and Lincoln Island further east and up to North Reef, a route that passes the Chinese naval base on Woody Island.

2011 May 30, Greg Torode, “Disputed islands are prized catch”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-04-16:

The Chinese research team first found evidence of a destructive historical wave on Lincoln Island (Hewu Island, 和五島) located in the middle of the South China Sea, in 2013.
They discovered rocks and corals that had been moved 200m from the shoreline and concluded only a major force of water could have been responsible.

2019 January 5, “Huge tsunami struck China in 1076”, in Taipei Times, sourced from AFP, HONG KONG, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-01-04, World News, page 5:

Tuoi Tre (Youth) newspaper reported that Wednesday’s incident happened near Lincoln Island, a rock in the Paracels that is occupied by China but claimed by both China and Vietnam.[…]
Lincoln Island is roughly 25 nautical miles southeast of Woody Island, China’s largest military base in the Paracels and one of China’s main administrative centers in the South China Sea.

2020 June 12, Drake Long, “China Rams Vietnamese Fishing Vessel Near Paracel Islands”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2020-06-13:

Ma, who did not give his full name, said he filmed Liaoning's operational drills on the morning and afternoon of April 16 before his trawler left the Paracel Islands ahead of a planned live-fire exercise the next day.
"All the fishing vessels in the area left on the evening of April 16," he said, adding that he lost signal on his phone after the Chinese military shut down the cell towers on Lincoln Island, which he referenced with the Chinese name "Dong Dao."

2021 April 21, John Feng, “U.S. Navy Warship Shadows China Aircraft Carrier in Video”, in Newsweek, archived from the original on 2021-04-21:


Triton Island

THIS was a case of salvage by the master, owners, and crew of the Blakely, against the proceeds of goods and stores saved out of the Martha, a wreck on Triton Island, in lat 15° 47' N., long, 111° 11' E..[…]
The Martha, on a voyage from Liverpool to Canton, with a very valuable cargo, was wrecked in the China Sea, about 500 miles S.S.W. of Macao, on the reef of Triton Island, only a few feet above the level of the sea—surrounded perpendicularly by coral rocks,[…]

1840, Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the High Court of Admiralty, volume III, pages 434-435:

TRITON ISLAND, or BANK, in lat. 15° 46ʹ N., lon. 111° 11ʹ E., by chronometers, extends in a N.W. and S.E. direction about 3 or 4 miles, according to a plan of it sent to me by Captain Brown, of the Triton ; the north part is a sandy lump, about 20 feet high, sloping down in a low point to the S. Eastward, with high breakers projecting a great way in that direction ; another reef projects from its N.W. end, and, like the preceding dangers, there are no soundings near it.
This is thought to be the southernmost and westernmost danger of the Paracels ; it bears from Pulo Canton, which is the nearest land of Cochin-China, E. by N., distant 122 miles.

1843, James Horsburgh, “The Paracels, with the Banks and Dangers in the Northern part of the China Sea”, in The India Directory, or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America: comp. Chiefly from Original Journals of the Honourable Company's Ships, and from Observations and Remarks, Resulting from the Experience of Twenty-one Years in the Navigation of those Seas, volume II, London: Wm. H. Allen and Co., →OCLC, page 359:

On the 16th inst., they arrived at the Paracels, where they found the Phra Nang in the same position as before—aground on a coral reef on Triton Island, the south-western unit of the group.

1902 November 25, “The Return of the 'Phra Nang.'”, in China Mail, number 12,380, →OCLC, page 5, column 4:

The United States vessel, the missile destroyer Curtis Wilbur, entered the waters off Triton Island in the Paracel Islands chain on Saturday without giving China notice in an exercise intended to challenge “excessive maritime claims” by China and two other countries, said Mark Wright, a Pentagon spokesman. Vietnam and Taiwan also claim Triton Island, though the Navy operation appeared to be aimed at China.[…]
Triton Island, known by the Chinese as Zhongjian Island, is close to the area in the South China Sea where the China National Offshore Oil Corporation, a major energy company, moved an oil rig in 2014, resulting in a standoff between vessels of Vietnam and China, and a sharp deterioration in relations between the countries.

2016 January 30, Jane Perlez, “U.S. Challenges China’s Claim of Islands With Maritime Operation”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-01-30, Asia Pacific:

The USS Stethem, an American guided-missile destroyer, sailed within 12 nautical miles of Triton Island, a small landmass in the Paracel Islands chain, on Sunday, a U.S. defense official said, marking the second such operation since President Trump took office.[…]
Triton Island is claimed by China, Vietnam and Taiwan.[…]
Many of these nations have laid claim to islands in the South China Sea, some of which are no more than tiny strips of sand and reef. The last time the U.S. Navy sailed near Triton Island was in January 2016, when the USS Curtis Wilbur came within 12 miles of its shores. The Pentagon did not notify any of the island’s claimants before that operation.

2017 July 3, Thomas Gibbons-Neff, Simon Denyer, “China accuses U.S. of ‘serious provocation’ as warship sails near disputed island”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-07-03, World:

In the Paracel Islands, a new helipad, wind turbines and large radar towers have been built. The radar towers on Triton Island could be used in China's disputes with Vietnam and with the US over freedom of navigation operations, which the US Navy has used to back its perceived right to free passage in international waters.

2018 May 19, “China lands nuclear strike-capable bombers on disputed South China Sea island”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2018-05-20, News:

China appears to be constructing an airstrip on a disputed South China Sea island that is also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan, according to satellite photos analyzed by The Associated Press.
The work on Triton island in the Paracel group mirrors construction on seven human-made islands in the Spratly group to the east which have been equipped with airstrips, docks and military systems, although it currently appears to be somewhat more modest in scale.

2023 August 16, Jon Gambrell, “China appears to be building an airstrip on a disputed South China Sea island”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2023-08-16, World News:


ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ

A compound of ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ (girin, “region”) + ᡠᠯᠠ (ula, ”river”). Literally “the region along a river”.

Jilin, Jilin City (a prefecture-level city of Jilin, China)


sông Lô

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ lo˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ low˧˧]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ low˧˧]

Lô River (a river in northern Vietnam and Yunnan, southern China)


Minqin

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 民勤 (Mínqín).

Why is Minqin County, with 115 millimeters of annual precipitation, being farmed? Why do crop failure, abandoned fields and dust storms surprise the government? One hundred fifteen millimeters is not enough for crops to grow. Parts of the Sahara have more precipitation. It is totally unsuited to farming.
I have never heard a government official take responsibility for any policy impact or failure. Minqin officials assign crops, including wine grapes and tomatoes at the edge of Tengger sand dunes, but the local farmers bear the economic risk. The motivation is perceived high profit for officials. The sad scene turns a desert into a wasteland.

2016 October 27, Edward Wong, quoting Troy Sternberg, “How China’s Politics of Control Shape the Debate on Deserts”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-10-27, Asia Pacific:

A county of Wuwei, Gansu, in northwestern China.


Liangzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 涼州 /凉州 (Liángzhōu).

A district of Wuwei, Gansu, in northwestern China.


Bairi

For transcriptome, immunohistochemistry and staining, we selected six healthy white yaks that were ~18 months old from the Bairi Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu, China.

2023 September 19, Xinfeng Liu, Wenyu Liu, Johannes A. Lenstra, Zeyu Zheng, Xiaoyun Wu, Jiao Yang, Bowen Li, Yongzhi Yang, Qiang Qiu, Hongyu Liu, Kexin Li, Chunnian Liang, Xian Guo, Xiaoming Ma, Richard J. Abbott, Minghui Kang, Ping Yan, Jianquan Liu, “Evolutionary origin of genomic structural variations in domestic yaks”, in Nature Communications, volume 14, number 5617 (2023), →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-02-14:

A Tibetan autonomous county in Wuwei, Gansu, in northwestern China.


Gulang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 古浪 (Gǔlàng).

Wu Dengfan, a 40-year-old farmer from Gulang county in Gansu who worked at a gold mine close to the Mongolian border from 1996 to 2006, had a similar experience.
“We even preferred not to wear masks inside the mine, because it made breathing even more difficult,” said Wu, who has stage II pneumoconiosis. “When we finished our work and came out of the mine, each of us was completely covered in dust.”

2018 January 13, Alice Yan, “These migrant workers helped China prosper. Now they’re dying and not getting the help they need”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-01-13, People & Culture:


Shangsi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 上思 (Shàngsī).

The Yongping garrison was located between Siming prefecture and Môn Châu, or modern-day Na Cham. The Qianlong garrison was located at modern-day Shangsi county in southern Guangxi.

2007, James Anderson, “Notes”, in The Rebel Den of Nùng Trí Cao: Loyalty and Identity Along the Sino-Vietnamese Frontier, University of Washington Press; NUS Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 213:

A county of Fangchenggang, Guangxi autonomous region, China.


Dongxing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 東興／东兴 (Dōngxīng).

China accused Vietnam today of more armed border provocations in the last 10 days of July. The New China News Agency said child was killed July 28 by Vietnamese gunfire at the border town of Dongxing.

1979 August 5 [1979 August 4], “China Charges Vietnam Gunfire”, in The New York Times, sourced from PEKING (Reuters), →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-06-04, page 12:

A county-level city of Fangchenggang, Guangxi autonomous region, China.


Gangkou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 港口 (Gǎngkǒu).

A district of Fangchenggang, Guangxi autonomous region, China.


均安

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/kʷɐn⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Jun'an (a town in Shunde district, Foshan, Guangdong, China)


Jiuduansha

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 九段沙 (Jiǔduànshā).

The mixed belt of fresh and salt water in Shanghai generally resides near Jiuduansha at the Yangtze River estuary. If a serious great drought and huge tides occur at the same time, however, the belt can reach near the Baogang and Chenhang reservoirs and even farther.

1999, “Modalities for Environmental Assessment: Urban Development and Environmental Protection in Shanghai”, in Integrating Environmental Considerations into Economic Policy Making Processes: Background Readings, volume IV, United Nations, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 191:

A shoal and group of islands in the Yangtze River in Pudong district, Shanghai, China.


琅岐

/lɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ie⁵³/

/lɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ie⁵³/

(～鎮) Langqi (a town in Mawei district, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


Tree Island

The Paracel Islands stretch 105-nm from northeastern Tree Island to southwestern Triton Island and 100-nm from northwestern North Reef to southeastern Herald Bank.

2014 June, Clarence J. Bouchat, “Introduction”, in The Paracel Islands and U.S. Interests and Approaches in the South China Sea, Carlisle, PA: United States Army War College Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 3:

The pictures, provided by private satellite firm Planet Labs, follow reports in January showing work undertaken on nearby Tree Island (Jhaoshu Island, 趙述島) and other features in the Paracels, which are also claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam.

2017 March 16, “China begins new construction work in Paracel Islands”, in Taipei Times, sourced from Reuters, HONG KONG, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-03-15, Front Page, page 1:

Smaller-scale work had continued in the Paracel Islands, including a new helipad and wind turbines on Tree Island and two large radar towers on Triton Island.

2017 December 15, David Brunnstrom, Sue-Lin Wong, “While focus is on North Korea, China continues South China Sea buildup: think tank”, in James Dalgleish, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-05-02, World:

Zhaoshu Island (ZSI) is one of the main coral reef islands of the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea. Its geographical coordinates are 16°59′N, 112°16′E, and an area of about 0.22 km2. It is formed by the accumulation of white coral skeletal and shell sands on a reef platform, and is about 4.4 m above sea level. There are lots of hard disk phosphorous lime soil on the island, and the vegetation is mostly Scaevola sericea.

2021, Ming Chen, Fenzhen Su, Fei Cheng, Yu Zhang, Xuege Wang, “Development of a comprehensive assessment model for coral reef island carrying capacity(CORE-CC)”, in Scientific Reports, volume 11, number 3917, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-11-18:

An island of the Paracel Islands in the South China Sea administered under Sansha, Hainan, China (claimed by Taiwan (ROC) and Vietnam).


Huanggu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 皇姑 (Huánggū).

Consider the story of one lowly tax bureau in the district of Huanggu, one of the ten districts in Shenyang, the capital city of Liaoning Province in northeast China. In 1995, the Huanggu GS branch bureau had jurisdiction over a taxpayer population that included close to 8,000 private firms.

2022, Wei Cui, The Administrative Foundations of the Chinese Fiscal State, Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 40:

A district of Shenyang, Liaoning, China.


Mancžjuria

Mancžjuria (nominative singular)
Mancžjurian (genitive singular)
Mancžjuriaa (partitive singular)
Mancžjuriaa (illative singular)
Mancžjurias (inessive singular)
Mancžjuriast (elative singular)
Mancžjurialle (allative singular)
Mancžjurial (adessive singular)
Mancžjurialt (ablative singular)
Mancžjuriaks (singular translative)
Mancžjurianna (essive singular)
Mancžjuriaan (essive singular)
Mancžjuriant (exessive singular)

[ˈmɑnt͡ʃ.ʑŭˌriɑ]

Borrowed from Russian Маньчжурия (Manʹčžurija).

Manchuria (a historical region of northeastern China comprising the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang and the northeastern part of Inner Mongolia)


لاسا

ar-proper noun

لَاسَا • (lāsā) f

From Tibetan ལྷ་ས (lha sa), from Old Tibetan ར་ས (ra sa).

Lhasa (the capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


성도

Chengdu (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, in southwestern China)


湄洲

/meɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/


Tianjun

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 天峻 (Tiānjùn).

Most Chinese lawyers have low expectations about the independence of Chinese courts, but many were still shocked to see a judge in northwest China receive real-time instructions from his supervisors in the middle of a trial earlier this month.
The incident took place on May 11 at the Tianjun county court in Haixi Mongol and Tibetan autonomous prefecture in the northwestern province of Qinghai.

2024 May 19, Phoebe Zhang, “Chinese lawyers accuse court officials of interfering in trial, slam ‘blatant sabotage’ of legal system”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-19, Politics:

A county of Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China.


Dulan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 都蘭 /都兰 (Dūlán).

But critics argue that moving these farmers, who are mainly Han Chinese and members of the minority Hui, Tu and Salar ethnic groups, will further erode the position of the Tibetan inhabitants of Dulan County in Haixi Prefecture, where the farmers are to be resettled and which is a designated Tibetan and Mongolian Autonomous Area. Tibetans are already in a minority there.

1999 May 30, Paul Lewis, “U.S. May Try To Stop Loan Seen as Bad For Tibetans”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-27, World:


Da Qaidam

The USGS said the epicentre of the quake was 161 km (101 miles)) north-northeast of Golmud at a depth of 9.9 km (6.2 km). Golmud is an industrial city that is dependent upon potassium mining.
Xinhua said some mud houses in Da Qaidam, near the epicentre, had cracks in their walls and a few huts had collapsed. Schools have also been closed.

2008 November 10, Liu Zhen, Ben Blanchard, Lucy Hornby, “Strong quake hits China's Qinghai region”, in Ken Wills, Sanjeev Miglani, editors, Reuters, sourced from BEIJING, archived from the original on 2024-06-15, World:

An earthquake measuring 6.3 on the Richter scale jolted a town in Qinghai province yesterday, triggering panic in nearby cities.
Residents of Da Qaidam felt the ground rock violently for more than a minute at 9.22am as the tremor erupted 10km underground.

2008 November 11, “Magnitude 6.3 quake strikes Qinghai province”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2025-06-22:

An administrative zone in Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China.


تۇرپان

ug-proper noun

تۇرپان • (turpan) (plural تۇرپانلار (turpanlar))

turpan (romanization)
تۇرپانلار (plural)

a prefecture-level city of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China


西子湖

/ɕi³³ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ɦu²¹/

/ɕi³³ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ɦu²¹/

(Hangzhounese) West Lake (a lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


Kuancheng

A Manchu autonomous county in Chengde, Hebei, China.


Dongtan

Borrowed from Hanyu Pinyin, from Chinese 東灘 /东滩.

Dongtan (an abandoned ecocity project in Shanghai, China)


Shádiʼááhjí Tsiiʼyishbizhí Bikin Haalʼá

Hong Kong (a city, island and special administrative region in southeastern China)


Gaoyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 高陽 /高阳 (Gāoyáng).


Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County

Totaling 33,000, the Tajik nationality is mostly concentrated in the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County, east of the Pamirs in southwestern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The rest are scattered in a few counties south of the Tianshan Mountains within the same autonomous region.

1993, “TAJIK NATIONALITY”, in 曾庆南 [Zeng Qingnan], 张纬雯 [Zhang Weiwen], editors, 中国少数民族风情录 [In Search of China's Minorities], Beijing: New World Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 108:

A Tajik autonomous county in Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Lengshuijiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 冷水江 (Lěngshuǐjiāng).

In Lengshuijiang, a city in Hunan Province, a directive from the regional justice bureau warned lawyers and law firms that they could face disbarment for expressing opposition to the constitutional changes.

2018 March 8, Steven Lee Myers, Javier C. Hernández, “Murmurings of Dissent Upset China’s Script for Xi’s Power Grab”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-03-08, Asia Pacific:

A county-level city of Loudi, Hunan, China.


Lianyuan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 漣源 /涟源 (Liányuán).

The woman’s husband discovered his wife missing when he went to check on her on Saturday morning, the Hunan province-based news portal Voc.com.cn reported.
When he entered the room he found a three-square-metre hole in the floor and his wife, 45-year-old Chen Jiaoyang, gone, the report said.
The couple lives in Shizhuling, a village in the city of Lianyuan, which had been hard hit by heavy rains over the previous two days.

2017 June 27, Zhuang Pinghui, “Sleeping woman swallowed by sinkhole in central China after bedroom collapses in heavy rain”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-06-27, China society:


Louxing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 婁星 /娄星.


Yuhuan

On Tuesday, state-run media reported that a 57-year-old man in Yuhuan County, Zhejiang Province, staggered and collapsed on Sunday afternoon near the turn of a small lane.[…]
The head of his village in Yuhuan County told The Beijing News that Mr. Chen was a heavy drinker, and when drunk had often quarreled with other villagers and fallen down.

2015 February 4, Jess Macy Yu, “A Man’s Death Strikes a Nerve in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-08-18, Sinosphere:

A county-level city of Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.


Jiaojiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 椒江.

Jiaojiang District is on the central coast of Zhejiang Province and historically was called Haimen. In 1981 the county-level Jiaojiang Municipality was set up, which was the first county-level city. In 1994 Taizhou changed the prefecture into a municipality, and Jiaojiang became the district of Taizhou, where the Taizhou Municipal People’s Government was located. The whole district had a rural population of 340,000 and 275 administrative villages.

2011, Liu Jianfei [刘建飞], “Taking the Chance of Reform: New Achievements of China's Construction of Democratic Politics”, in Democracy and China [民主中国与世界], Beijing: New World Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 56:


Dachen

The drills are near the Dachen islands, which Taiwan controlled until 1955 until being evacuated after other nearby islands were seized by Chinese forces in a bloody battle.
Taiwan still controls the Matsu and Kinmen islands, off the coast of China's Fujian province, held since the defeated Republic of China government fled to Taipei after losing a civil war with Mao Zedong's communists

2023 June 13, Ryan Woo, Albee Zhang, Ben Blanchard, “China holds live-fire drills in East China Sea north of Taiwan”, in Robert Birsel, editor, Reuters, sourced from BEIJING (Reuters), archived from the original on 2023-06-13, Asia Pacific:

A group of islands of Jiaojiang district, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.


심천

[ɕʰimt͡ɕʰʌ̹n]


Ergun

IN THE CITY of Ergun, about 60km from China’s border with Russia, the feast of Pascha last month was one that Father Pavel Sun Ming will long remember. Because of covid-19, he could not open his Eastern Orthodox church for celebrations of Christ’s resurrection. Police wearing surgical masks stood outside, stopping passing cars to check people’s health. But it is last year’s Pascha in Ergun that will go down in history. For the first time in more than six decades, the church’s midnight service was led by a local. Father Pavel had recently returned from his ordination in Russia. At last, Ergun’s flock had a priest again.

2020 May 7, “Near China’s border with Russia, the Orthodox Church regains a toehold”, in The Economist, archived from the original on 2020-05-09, China:

A county-level city of Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China.


Yakeshi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 牙克石 (Yákèshí).

Temperatures in Yakeshi in Inner Mongolia (內蒙古) dropped to minus 28 degrees Celsius yesterday, while Harbin (哈爾濱) in Heilongjiang (黑龍江) province experienced minus 19 degrees.

2016 January 21, Alice Yan, Lai Ying Kit, Mimi Lau, “Incredible scenes as mainland shoppers strip supermarket shelves ahead of big chill”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-01-22, China:


Jiagedaqi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 加格達奇 /加格达奇 (Jiāgédáqí).

An administrative zone in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China.


Songling

The Daheishan porphyry Mo deposit is located in the Songling District, Heilongjiang Province. The deposit yields proven resources of 0.06 Mt Mo accompanied with thousands of tons of Cu and Pb–Zn.

2014 April [2014 March 27], Xinlu Hu, Shuzhen Yao, Mouchun He, Zhenju Ding, Yubao Cui, Jun Shen, Bin Chen, Bopeng Zhu, “Geochemistry, U–Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotope Studies of the Daheishan Porphyry Mo Deposit in Heilongjiang Province, NE China”, in Resource Geology, volume 64, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 104, column 2:


Morin Dawa

The Daur are the primary minority and namesake of the Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous County, though they are still outnumbered by the Han eight-to-one countywide. While Morin Dawa primarily consists of these two ethnic groups, Dular and several smaller neighboring villages boast a thriving Ewenki community.

2009, Colin Legerton, Jacob Rawson, “Hunters of the Hinterlands: The Oroqen, Daur, Ewenki, and Hezhen”, in Invisible China: A Journey Through Ethnic Borderlands, Chicago Review Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 24:

The ministry said that on average, 87 millimetres of rain fell in Hulunbuir over the weekend and as much as 223 millimetres at the Morin Dawa monitoring station.

2021 July 19, David Stanway, “Two dams in China's Inner Mongolia collapse after torrential rain”, in Robert Birsel, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-07-19, China:

A Daur autonomous banner in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China.


Zalantun

Few Ewenki in this part of China have ever heard the Gospel, although a different subgroup of the Ewenki, living near Hailar much further northwest of Zalantun, is reported to contain more than 100 Ewenki Orthodox Christians.

2001 February, Paul Hattaway, China's Unreached Cities, volume 1, Chiang Mai, Thailand: Darawan Printing, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 108, column 2:


Old Barag

A banner in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China.


New Barag

A left banner in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China.


Jalainur

Ultimately from Mongolian Далай нуур (Dalaj nuur, “the Hulun Lake”), from далай (dalaj) and нуур (nuur, “lake”).

der

A district of Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China.


Huanren

A Manchu autonomous county in Benxi, Liaoning, China.


Nanfen

Nanfen open pit iron mine, located in Nanfen district of the Liaoning province, China, is approximately 500m deep. It is one of the largest open-pit metal mines in China.

2013 September 27, “Top 10 deep open-pit mines”, in Mining Technology, archived from the original on 2013-10-03, Features:


Mingshan

Kandeng Mountain is located 20 km southwest of the Pujiang County seat, 6 km from the salt wells in Baiyun Township on the border of Mingshan County in Ya’an City.

2006, Long Teng [龙腾], “Cliffside Carvings Near Salt Wells in Pujiang County [蒲江县盐井附近摩崖造像考察]”, in Shuicheng Li [李水城], Lothar von Falkenhausen, editors, Salt Archaeology in China: Ancient Salt Production and Landscape Archaeology in the Upper Yangzi Basin: Preliminary Studies [中国盐业考古 : 长江上游古代盐业与景观考古的初步研究], volume 1, China Science Publishing & Media, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 157:

看灯山,在蒲江县西南20公里,离白云乡盐井6公里,与雅安市名山县交界,[…]


Xihu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 西湖 (Xī Hú).


Xihu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 溪湖 (Xīhú).

For the small factories, the cleanup of Benxi caused economic hardship including closure or production restrictions. The Xihu District EPB director, Mrs. Gao, talked about their predicament:[…]

2006, Liu Yu, Pan Wei, Shen Mingming, Song Guojun, Vivian Bertrand, Mary Child, Judith Shapiro, “The Politics and Ethics of Going Green in China: Air Pollution Control in Benxi City and Wetland Preservation in the Sanjiang Plain”, in Joanne Bauer, editor, Forging Environmentalism: Justice, Livelihood, and Contested Environments, M.E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 51:


日月山

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

Riyue Mountain (a mountain pass located in the west of Huangyuan county, Xining, Qinghai, China)


ꍰꄖ

ꑾꌋꈤꆀꃅꌺꒆꌺ，ꇁꌊꍰꄖꇓꈓꄯꒉꌷ

2019, “Nuoggaz 2019 Cypher”performed by Moseee and various artists:

yox si ggo nip mu sse yur sse, la six chep du lur kur tep yy sso

Chengdu (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, China)


張家口堡

ㄓㄤ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄎㄡˇ ㄅㄨˇ

ㄓㄤ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄎㄡˇ ㄅㄨˇ

Чжанцзякоубу

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(historical) Zhangjiakoubu (former name of 張家口 /张家口 (Zhāngjiākǒu) (= Zhangjiakou): a city in China)


武城

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Named for its importance in the wars between the Ming and the Northern Yuan.

(historical) Wucheng (former name of 張家口 /张家口 (Zhāngjiākǒu) (= Zhangjiakou): a city in China)


喀拉干

/kʰä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ kän⁵⁵/

/kʰä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ kän⁵⁵/

From Mongolian ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ (qaɣalɣan, “gate”), from Mongolian ᠴᠢᠭᠣᠯᠠᠯᠲᠣ
ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ (čiɣolalto qaɣalg-a, “meeting or assembly gate”), from its important position on Mongolia's trade routes with northern China.

ᠴᠢᠭᠣᠯᠠᠯᠲᠣ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ

(rare) synonym of 張家口 /张家口 (Zhāngjiākǒu, “Zhangjiakou”): Kalgan (a city in Hebei, China)


Dương Châu

[zɨəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[jɨəŋ˧˧ cəw˧˧]

Yangzhou (a prefecture-level city of Jiangsu, in eastern China)