Baoting

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 保亭 (Bǎotíng).

HAINAN COUNTY FLOODS—The leadership organs at all levels in Paoting County adopted emergency measures to reduce the losses caused by typhoons and rainstorms to the minimum and tried by every way possible to reap n bumper harvest.

[1978 November 15, People's Republic of China, Agriculture, number 12, U. S. Joint Publications Research Service, →OCLC, page 60:

The memorial service for him took place in Tungtsa on the morning of 15 November. Wreaths were sent by[…]responsible comrades of the autonomous prefectural and Chiungchung, Paoting and Paisha County party committees; and (Wang I-ching's) friends, some 190 people in all.[…]
Present at the memorial service were[…]Secretary of the Paoting County party committee (Yang Wen-kuei);[…]and (Wang I-ching's) relatives and friends, some 1,100 people in all.

[1978 November 27 [1978 November 24], “Hainan Holds Memorial Service for Former Cadre”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 228, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Haikow Hainan Island Regional Service, translation of original in Mandarin, →ISSN, →OCLC, Central-South Region, page H 5:

Fifty-two thousand speakers of the Jiamao language were reported in a 1987 study.¹ They live in the southeastern part of Hainan Island, concentrated in the eastern and southern parts of Baoting County, as well as in parts of Lingshui and Qiongzhong counties.

2000, Paul Hattaway, “Li, Jiamao”, in Operation China: Introducing all the Pooples of China, Piquant, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 293:

If you have time to visit only one of the many rainforests in Hainan, then you must visit Yanoda Rainforest Cultural Tourism Zone in Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County.

2019 November 15, Department of Tourism, Culture, Radio, Television and Sports of Hainan Province, “5 great family-friendly holiday attractions on Chinese tropical island of Hainan”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-11-15:

At the opening ceremony, the results of “Hainan Climate Favorable City (County)” in 2021 were announced. After comprehensive evaluation by experts, Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County was awarded the title.

2021 November 17, “Health Expo Stuns Visitors With High-Tech Products And Record-Setting Area”, in AP News, Business Wire, archived from the original on 2023-04-07:

A Li and Miao autonomous county in Hainan, China.


霍邱

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/fɔːk̚³ jɐu̯⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/fɔːk̚³ jɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Huoqiu (a county of Lu'an, Anhui, China)


渾源

→ English: Hunyuan

/xu̯ən³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/xu̯ən³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Hunyuan (a county of Datong, Shanxi, China)


迭部

/ti̯ɛ³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/ti̯ɛ³⁵ pu⁵¹/

(～縣) Têwo, Diebu (a county of Gannan prefecture, Gansu, China)


嘉黎

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ lɐi̯²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ li³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ lɐi̯²¹/

(～縣) Lhari (a county of Nagqu, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


sông Đà

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˦˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˦˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔɗaː˨˩]

the Black River (a river in Vietnam, China)


Changan

From Mandarin 長安 /长安 (Cháng'ān); reinforced by Hanyu Pinyin but lacking the apostrophe required to show the correct characters involved. See 隔音符號 /隔音符号 (géyīn fúhào) for more.

In the poems of the historian Pʽan Ku, who belong to the 1st century there are two celebrated for their description of the palaces of Changan and Loyang. He wrote the first of these in order to persuade the emperor not to allow the old imperial buildings at Changan to be destroyed.

1884 September-October, J. Edkins, “Tauism in the Tsʽin and Han Dynasties.”, in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, volume XV, number 5, page 342:

The second line contains a reference to the eastern capital under the T’ang dynasty, viz. the town of Lo yang, near the present Ho nan fu, in the province of Ho-nan, as distinguished from Changan the chief town, otherwise known as Si ngan fu.¹

1891, E. Koch, “On two Stones with Chinese Inscriptions.”, in E. Delmar Morgan, transl., Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 452:

On the streets of Changan, the capital city of the Han Dynasty, there were many pork shops, wine shops and restaurants selling cooked meats and drinks.

1977 February 6, T.K. Yang, “Chopsticks look simple-but beginners may have trouble!”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVIII, number 6, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2, column 5:

He also enjoyed unprecedented favor from the emperor, who appointed him to high-ranking offices, dubbed him prince (a privilege usually reserved for members of the imperial clan), had a mansion built for him in Changan, and granted him the right to mint coins. By 755 An became aware that Chief Minister Yang, a cousin of Yang Guifei, in Changan was plotting to remove him from power and began to fear that he was losing the emperor's favor.

2002, Charles Benn, “History”, in Daily Life in Traditional China: The Tang Dynasty, Greenwood Press, →ISBN, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 10:

(historical, sometimes proscribed) Alternative spelling of Chang'an, former name of Xi'an: a city, the former capital of China.

The exact sites of Feng and Hao have yet to be verified, but seven pits containing chariots, horses and other Zhou burial objects were discovered at Fengxi, and a concentration of Western Zhou relics and tombs was found in the area of Doumen in Changan County on the east bank of the Feng River.

1991 [1987], Zou Zongxu, translated by Susan Whitfield, The Land Within the Passes: A History of Xian, Viking, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 68:

(sometimes proscribed) Alternative form of Chang'an, a district and former county of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.


Tarim

Similarly, Lop Nur Lake, in southeastern Xinjiang, which once supported a thriving indigenous culture, dried up for good in the early 1970s. Its lifeline, the Tarim River, which used to skirt the northern fringe of the Taklamakan Desert, has been sucked dry by upstream agriculture.

2002 July 19, “Traffic flows where river once did”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-10-07:

The Tarim River, he notes, used to drain into a large inland lake, which dried up completely in the 1960s.

2013 April 30, Steven Mufson, “China struggles to tap its shale gas”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-10-21, Business:

For several decades, the lower Tarim river, in proximity of the new transport corridors, had been in the eye of a major ecological disaster. The upper part of the 2,030 km river was heavily dammed for agricultural purposes.

2019 June 29, Atul Aneja, “The inescapable revival of the Tarim basin”, in The Hindu, archived from the original on 2020-11-07:

A river in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


Minhou

We left Foochow after an early breakfast, and after half an hour on a boat ferry that took us from the city environs across the Min River and up a tributary, we landed in Minhou county, and took the highway that led across Yungtai county to Tehua.

1975, Rewi Alley, “Some Fukien Pottery Kilns, Ancient and Modern”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XIV, number 3, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 26, column 2:

Minhou County, Fujian Province, expects to reap more than 5.5 million jin of rapeseed this spring, or 56 percent more than last year.

1981 May 21 [1981 April 26], “Rapeseed Production”, in China Report: Agriculture, number 140, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Fuzhou Fujian Provincial Service, translation of original in Mandarin, →OCLC, page 32:

Wang, a one-time fan factory worker joined the police force in Minhou county in Fujian in 1979.

2018 February 28, Ben Blanchard, Benjamin Kang Lim, Philip Wen, “Exclusive: Xi confidant set to become China's new spy master - sources”, in Philip McClellan, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2018-11-28, World News:

Since 2015, Tang and his wife, Xing Zhen, have been living in a reclusive, mountainous part of Minhou county, in southeastern Fujian province, about two hours’ drive from the capital, Fuzhou.

2019 November 16, Denise Hruby, “China’s new communes: self-sustainability in Fujian province”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-11-16, Environment:


Liaodong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 遼東 /辽东 (Liáodōng).

Liaotung (alternative)
Leaotung (alternative)

Meronyms: Liaoyang, Shenyang

Bohai Sea is on the northeastern coast of China, bounded by Liaodong and Shandong Peninsulas, so pollution there is slow to wash out to the ocean, exacerbating damage to local marine life.

2009 June 22, “Oil slicks poisoning China's Bohai Sea - official”, in Emma Graham-Harrison, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-14, Oil Report:


Liaodong

le Liaodong (canonical masculine)
Léaotung (alternative obsolete)

(historical) Liaodong (former province in northeast China)

Meronyms: Liaoyang, Shenyang


Hongze

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 洪澤 /洪泽 (Hóngzé), bestowed on the lake by Emperor Yang of Sui in 616 out of pleasure encountering rain after an inspection tour through drought-afflicted areas.

Hungtse (alternative)
Hung-tse (alternative)

Earlier this month, hundreds of aggrieved parents gathered outside the government office in Jinhu County, in the eastern province of Jiangsu, demanding an explanation for why 145 infants had been administered expired doses of the polio vaccine.[…]
This month after the scandal in Jinhu, a video circulated on Weibo and WeChat showing a meeting with local officials and residents from a neighboring district, Hongze.

2019 January 30, Yanzhong Huang, “If a Government Can’t Deliver Safe Vaccines for Children, Is It Fit to Rule?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-01-30, Opinion:


Jiaozhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 膠州 /胶州 (Jiāozhōu).

A contest on the theme of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) of the “Tell China’s Stories” Contest 2020 was launched in Jiaozhou of Qingdao, East China’s Shandong Province, on August 21, 2020.[…]Liu Jianjun, member of the Standing Committee of the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee, secretary of the Jiaozhou Municipal Party Committee, and secretary of the Party Working Committee and director of the Management Committee of the China-Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Demonstration Zone for Local Economic and Trade Cooperation [of Qingdao], said that Jiaozhou, Qingdao being chosen as the launch location reflected the concrete efforts that Qingdao has made in implementing President Xi Jinping’s directive on building a new platform for international cooperation under the BRI framework, and was a vivid example of achieving economic integration, cultural sharing, and people-to-people communication among BRI countries and regions.

2020 August 24, “BRI-themed contest of “Tell China’s Stories” Contest 2020 launched in Jiaozhou, Qingdao”, in PR Newswire via AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-21:

The county-level city of Jiaozhou in Shandong, home to the second largest provincial population in China, issued 3,238 birth certificates between January and June, down 11.6 per cent from a year ago, according to government data.

2021 July 27, Orange Wang, “China population: plunging regional births drive home ‘severity’ of demographic crisis”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-07-27, Economy:

A county-level city of Qingdao, Shandong, China.


Xuanhua

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 宣化 (Xuānhuà).

Ancient Xuanhua City (宣化古城)
It locates in Xuanhua District, Zhangjiakou. The ancient city was first built in the Tang Dynasty. In the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty (1394), it was expanded and covered with bricks.

2005 January, Dong Yaohui [董耀会], “Historical Relics on the Great Wall [长城名胜]”, in Tan Baoquan [谭宝泉], transl., The Eternal Great Wall [永远的长城], Beijing: China Nationality Art Photograph Publishing House [中国民族摄影艺术出版社], →ISBN, →OCLC, page 124, column 1:

Several counties and districts of Zhangjiakou city in northern China, which will host some of the Games, are urging residents to get vaccinated, saying it is a "necessary contribution" that they should make for the international event.
As part of the city's vaccination campaign, more than 1,800 unvaccinated visitors were dissuaded from entering a park in the Xuanhua district earlier this month and guided to nearby inoculation sites, according to a social media post by the district-level authorities.

2021 June 16, Roxanne Liu, Ryan Woo, “China ramps up vaccinations, but uneven rollout leaves borders closed”, in Miyoung Kim, Michael Perry, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-06-16, China:

A district of Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China.


Shaoyang

Top, left, weighing shed of a surface coal mine in Shaoyang, southwestern Hunan.[...]The Executive Yuan is understood to be planting the establishment of three “national industrial defence lines,” namely, a northwestern line with headquarters in Paochi, a southwestern line with headquarters in Shaoyang, and a southeastern line in Kiangchow.

1939 February 4, C. Y. W. [孟長泳] Meng, “China Fights and Rebuilds Simultaneously”, in The China Weekly Review, volume 87, number 10, →OCLC, pages 298–299:

Mr. Tan’s journey from migrant worker to labor organizer began in a small farming community near the city of Shaoyang, in central China’s Hunan Province, where Mao Zedong was born.

2010 June 13, David Barboza, “In China, Unlikely Labor Leader Just Wanted a Middle-Class Life”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-01-31, Global Business:

The four high school graduates were born in a small city of Shaoyang in central China’s Hunan province in 2003, but were transferred to a major regional hospital almost immediately because of their unstable vital signs, reported the Xiaoxiang Morning Herald.

2021 June 9, “Quirky China: Nude chat scam hits fully-clothed man, woman gives birth in street, and quadruplets thank hospital for lives”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-08-25:

A prefecture-level city of Hunan, China.


Sikang

(1) At about the same time their number was 573,981 in the eastern half of Sikang Province, including nineteen districts east of the Kin-sha River; (2) and 321,945 in the western half.

1949, Han-seng Chen, “The Kamba and their Relations with Central China”, in Frontier Land Systems in Southernmost China, Institute of Pacific Relations, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 73:

The southern limit of the Roe deer in China seems to be about latitude 30°N but in Sikang and Szechwan provinces it may extend slightly south of this latitude in the Kinsha River area.

1972, G. Kenneth Whitehead, “The Deer of Europe and Northern Asia”, in Deer of the world, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 84–85:

Where five channels in the Northwest Passage were known, Ericsson opened a sixth. He found a peak in Sikang Province of western China, in the Amne Machin Range, which was almost a thousand feet higher than Everest, but he lost his instruments and his companions and Mount Everest remained on the books the highest mountain on the planet.

2008 [1946], Ellery Queen, “The Adventure of the Needle's Eye”, in Paul D. Staudohar, editor, Murder: Short & Sweet (Fiction), Chicago: Chicago Review Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 205:


Changbai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 長白 /长白 (Chángbái).

Ch'ang-pai (alternative)
Changpai (alternative)

ARF organizations have established themselves in wide areas of China, too, inhabited largely by Koreans. This year the Changbai County Committee of the ARF has been set up, and the Korean National Liberation League has been formed as part of the ARF inside the country.

1980 [1937 March 29], Kim Il-sung, “Let Us Inspire the People with Hopes of National Liberation by Advancing with Large Forces into the Motherland”, in Kim Il Sung Works, volume 1, Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House, →OCLC, pages 122–123:

The radiation level in Changbai Korean autonomous county – the closest Chinese urban area to the Punggye-ri test facility – climbed gradually from an average of 104.9 nanograys per hour immediately after the test on Sunday to 108.5 on Tuesday, according to figures released by China’s environment ministry.

2017 September 6, Stephen Chen, “China detects rising radiation levels in areas close to North Korean nuclear blast site”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-09-06, Diplomacy & Defense:

Three villages in Changbai County and two cities in the northeastern border province of Jilin, have been designated for the camps, according to the document from China Mobile.

2017 December 11, Jane Perlez, “Fearing the Worst, China Plans Refugee Camps on North Korean Border”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-12-11, Asia Pacific:

But a Chinese businessman we met in Changbai County complained that now, he can only deal in pine mushrooms and pine nuts, which he sells to the United States, Japan and South Korea.

2018 April 12, Sue-Lin Wong, Damir Sagolj, “The Cold Frontier, Part Three: A journey along North Korea's edge”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-06-17, APAC:

“[China’s] Changbai county [in Jilin province] and [North Korea’s] Hyesan [city in Yanggang province] are so tense that one barely sees any cars or people around,” said the source, who also asked to remain unnamed.

2018 September 20, Joonho Kim, Joshua Lipes, “North Korea Shuts Down Illegal Cell Phone Access to Chinese Networks Amid Kim-Moon Summit”, in Leejin Jun, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2018-09-20:

A Korean autonomous county in Baishan, Jilin, China.


Yalu

zh-l

鴨綠／鸭绿 (Yālù)

[...]the Founder of that Family, who took the Name of Yuen, and who is known in Europe by the Name of Zing hi, or Zing his kan, but whom the Chineſe Hiſtory calls Tchin bi ſe, and Tai tſou, after he had conquer’d the King had thoughts of carrying the War into Corea: His General, called Leou co immediately made himſelf Mafter of the Towns ſituated upon the Eaſt of the River Ya lou;[...]

[1739 [1735], P. Du Halde, “Geographical Obſervations on the Kingdom of Corea”, in The General History Of China, 2nd edition, volume IV, →OCLC, page 391:

The Tumen river separates Corea from Manchooria, except in the last few miles of its course, when it flows by Russian territory, the south-eastern corner of Siberia. The Yalu river also divides Corea from Manchooria.

1895, Trumbull White, The War in the East Japan, China, and Corea, Philadelphia: P.W. Ziegler & Co., →OCLC, →OL, page 374:

More recently, work has been opened in a town on the Yalu River, about 500 miles by boat from Dairen.

1935, A. W. Yocum, “From Dairen, Manchuria-Organized 1925”, in Annual of the Southern Baptist Convention, Memphis, TN, page 206:

In an effort to limit the war to the borders of Korea, the United Nations forces were prohibited by political directive from firing across the Yalu River—a prohibition which made a sanctuary of Manchurian territory.

1963, Dwight Eisenhower, Mandate for Change 1953-1956, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 176:

Soon after the start of the Russian-instigated North Korean invasion of South Korea in June 1950, Peiping sent 200,000 “volunteers” across the Yalu.

1973 May 27, “Mao still embraces Stalin cult”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIV, number 20, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2:

By this time, Kim II Sung already had the assurances of the Chinese that they would not allow his government to fall without a fight. So he retreated to Sinuiju, on the Korean side of the Yalu, just across from the Manchurian industrial center of Antung, and shouted curses over the radio waves at the United Nations, President Syngman Rhee, and the United States.

1984, Edwin P. Hoyt, “To the Yalu”, in On to the Yalu, New York: Stein and Day, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 247:

Positioned near the mouth of the Yalu River, Dandong is China’s largest border town, and much of North Korea’s trade with the world flows across its old bridges or through its deepwater port.

2017 May 12, Jane Perlez, Yufan Huang, Paul Mozur, “How North Korea Managed to Defy Years of Sanctions”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-05-12, Asia Pacific:

A river forming the southern part of the China-North Korea border.

鴨緑江

おうりょくこう、Ōryokukō; おうりょっこう

Banmendian

Other Mandarin-derived geographical terms in Korea


Tumen

圖們／图们 (Túmén)

Another tribe, the Kwiara, live on the frontiers of Korea, on the north bank of the Tumen river, and these are probably also Orochi.

1861, E. G. Ravenstein, The Russians on the Amur, London: Trubner and Co., page 340:

The Tumen river separates Corea from Manchooria, except in the last few miles of its course, when it flows by Russian territory, the south-eastern corner of Siberia.

The Tumen is not yet so important as the Yalu, but with the development of a rival to Vladivostock, now a closed port, in Hunchun, it is acquiring greater importance.

1910, The Provinces of China, Together with a History of the First Year of H.I.M. Hsuan Tung, and an Account of the Government of China, Shanghai: The National Review Office, →OCLC, →OL, page 155:

Springing northeast from Paektu, the cold Tumen River separates Korea from eastern Manchuria and Siberia. On the Yalu and along the swift-flowing tributaries of the Tumen stand the Japanese-built hydroelectric plants which, until the power lines were cut by the Communists at the 38th parallel, provided 90% of the electricity used in all Korea.

1950 July 24, “Background for War”, in Time, volume LVI, number 4, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 30:

A ride along the Chinese shore of the Tumen River illustrated its potential for development.

1997 [1996], Willem van Kemenade, translated by Diane Webb, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Inc., New York: Vintage Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 318:

The Tumen River serves as part of the border between China and North Korea, with the Chinese city of Tumen on the left and the North Korean town of Namyang on the right.

2010 June 9, Sharon LaFraniere, “Views Show How North Korea Policy Spread Misery”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-06-11, Asia Pacific:

A river forming part of the border between Jilin, China and North Korea, and the border between Rasŏn, North Korea and Khasansky district, Primorsky Krai, Russia.

When she was ten years old, he was arrested and never heard from again. After that, Grandmother Hwang was abandoned by her family, and ended up working as a farm laborer in Tumen, China—which was then part of the Japanese empire.

2015, Yeonmi Park, Maryanne Vollers, “Swallows and Magpies”, in In Order to Live: A North Korean Girl's Journey to Freedom (Non-fiction), Penguin Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 31:

Trade between China and North Korea has fallen dramatically because of sanctions, but the U.N. has not sanctioned essentials like food.
Towards the end of the day in Tumen, we watched these women cross into China from North Korea.
Tumen is in Yanbian, an official Korean autonomous region which people call “the third Korea” because around half the two million Chinese of Korean descent are registered there. There is a small missionary community in Yanbian - mainly South Koreans, Americans and Europeans. Some of them help North Korean defectors.

2018 April 12, Sue-Lin Wong, “PART 1 A POROUS BORDER The Cold Frontier”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2018-04-12:

A county-level city of Yanbian, Jilin, China.


鴨綠

→ English: Yalu

/aːp̚³ lʊk̚²/

/aːp̚³ lʊk̚²/

The scenery of Tản Viên is majestic like your Song'ak, and the Yalu must be as long as our Red River.

《朝鮮正使前以扇贈故云》 ("The Korean Envoy Previously Gifted Me a Fan, so I Reply"), by Lê Quý Đôn to Hong Gye-hui, 1760

Tản Viên khái tự Tùng Sơn tú, Áp Lục ưng đồng Nhị Thuỷ trường.

傘圓概似松山秀，鴨綠應同珥水長。

(～江, ～水) Yalu River, Amnok River (a river on the China-North Korea border)


鴨綠水

/jä⁵⁵ lu⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jä⁵⁵ lu⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

According to Tongdian [801], the river 馬訾水／马訾水 was colloquially known as 鴨綠水／鸭绿水 (Yālùshuǐ) because its waters were green in colour like the head of a mallard.

鴨綠水／鸭绿水 (Yālùshuǐ)

(historical, obsolete) Yalu River, Amnok River (a river on the China-North Korea border)


渾江

/xu̯ən³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯ən³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Hunjiang (a district of Baishan, Jilin, China)


Dagu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 大沽 (Dàgū).

On the shore at Ta-ku (on the northern coast of the mouth of the Pei-ho) they were received by Brigadier General Shuang-jui of the Tientsin garrison, and Wen-ch’ien, Ch’ang-lu salt controller.

[1964, Te-kong Tong, “The Pei-ho Expeditions—An Imperial Game”, in United States Diplomacy in China, 1844-60, Seattle: University of Washington Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 163:

On March 23, MacDonald formally requested that the Foreign Office send two warships to Ta-ku, the nearest port of Peking. The ships were required, he explained, for the protection of British missionaries, since new disturbances were breaking out in Shantung. He supported this appeal by pointing out that the United States was sending one ship to Ta-ku, that Italy had two ships ready to send, and that Germany had the use of her Kiaochow squadron.

[1966, Edmund S. Wehrle, “British Policy and the Boxer Rising”, in Britain, China, and the Antimissionary Riots, 1891-1900, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 154:

With China’s defenses still in an inchoate state of development, British forces seized Guangzhou and the Dagu Forts in northern China, from which they could easily march on Beijing.

2011, Henry Kissinger, “From Preeminence to Decline”, in On China (Foreign Relations / World Politics), New York: Penguin Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 66:

The official said two British warships had been sent to Dagu, the coastal location nearest Beijing, to protect British lives and property. The United States also had sent a warship to Dagu, a response in part to an earlier attack by “secret society” mobs on an American medical mission near Chongjing.

2017, Robert W. Merry, “China”, in President McKinley: Architect of the American Century (Biography & Autobiography), Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 414:

A subdistrict of Binhai district, Tianjin, China.


絨布寺

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹/

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹/

Tibetan རོང་ཕུ (rong phu) + 寺 (sì, “monastery”).

Rongbuk Monastery (a Tibetan Buddhist monastery of the Nyingma sect located in Tingri, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


壽縣

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sɐu̯²² jyːn²²/

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sɐu̯²² jyːn²²/

Shou County (a county of Huainan, Anhui, China)


姐告

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑʊ̯⁵¹/

邊境貿易區 邊境貿易區#Chinese

(～邊境貿易區) Jiegao (a border trade zone in Ruili, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


勐卯

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from Tai Nüa ᥛᥫᥒᥰᥛᥣᥝᥰ (möengmäaw) or Shan မိူင်းမၢဝ်း (móeng máao).

bor

Shan မိူင်းမၢဝ်း (móeng máao)

(～鎮) Mengmao (a town in Ruili, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


Mount Emei

Partial calque from Mandarin 峨眉山 (Éméi Shān).

As his most significant contribution to the vast body of art he emulated, Chang effected a synthesis of two historical modes, the austere tonal ink style of the scholar-artist painter and the brightly colored, vibrantly detailed style of the court artist. The two are joined in his depiction of Mount Emei, a Buddhist pilgrimage site that Chang visited many times.

1992 May 15, Holland Cotter, “Review/Art; Restating and Adapting Images of China's Past”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-26, Arts:

The journey from Chengdu to Mount Emei takes five hours but with quite long stops on the way.

1993, Roger Phillips, Martyn Rix, The Quest for the Rose, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 52:

“Also, that American on Mount Emei was very white,” he said. “His skin was so white and bad-looking! But you're actually a little yellow—you look more Chinese. Your skin is much better than his!”

2001, Peter Hessler, River Town: Two Years on the Yangtze, London: John Murray, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 202:

Farmers near Mount Emei in Sichuan province blocked a highway to protest against an aluminium company they said was responsible for the leak that contaminated grapes and other crops, the Hong Kong-based Information Center for Human Rights and Democracy said in a fax.

2007 July 13, “China farmers protest toxic gas leak-report”, in Reuters (Latest Crisis), archived from the original on 2022-09-10:

A mountain in Emeishan, Leshan, Sichuan, China.


Zizhong

/ˌ(d)zɪˈd͡ʒɒŋ/

/ˌ(d)zɪˈd͡ʒʊŋ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 資中 /资中 (Zīzhōng, literally “middle reaches of the Tuo River in Zi Prefecture (Sichuan)”).

There are, of course, a number of counties where the descendants of pre-Ch'ing natives still constitute a significant portion of the local population. Tzu-chung county, midway between Ch'eng-tu and Chungking testifies:
Tsu-chung does not have any native clans that can be traced back more than six hundred years. [Among the old clans] six- or seven- tenths came from Hupei during the early Ming period.

[1959, Ping-ti Ho, Studies on the Population of China, 1368-1953, Harvard University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 141:

Born in Zizhong County of Sichuan Province, Fu is one of the promising new women poets appearing on the literary scene in recent years.

1992, Julia C. Lin, transl., Women of the Red Plain: An Anthology of Contemporary Chinese Women's Poetry, Penguin Books, Chinese Literature Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 32:

For example, Yucheng in nearby Shanxi Province has a serious H.I.V. epidemic related to blood selling, the government press has reported. More surprising, so does Zizhong in Sichuan Province, more than 500 miles from Henan.

2001 December 11, Elisabeth Rosenthal, “Spread of AIDS in Rural China Ignites Protests”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-27, World:

Tuo River
Zi Prefecture (Sichuan)
Zizhong


Zaozhuang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 棗莊 /枣庄 (Zǎozhuāng).

Tsaochuang (alternative)
Tsao-chuang (alternative)
Tsaochwang (alternative)

Japanese forces have launched a sweeping counter-offensive in South Shantung, which has brought some forces already to the outskirts of Tsaochwang and Yihsien.

[1938 April 22, F. Tillman Durdin, “JAPANESE PIERCE INTO YIHSIEN AREA; At Outskirts of Beleaguered Town in Wide Offensive Aiming at Suchow CHINESE MASS 200,000 Foes Put at 100,000 in Drive That May Be Crucial--Other Forces Gird Southward Chinese Strengthen Defense Chinese "Nazis" Back Chiang Japanese Bombardment Heavy Seeks Damages From Japan”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-03-11, page 10:

By early evening Thursday, the pollution level in Shanghai was hovering at 340. At least 16 other cities in four provinces in eastern China were also reporting pollution levels over 300. In Zaozhuang, a city of nearly four million in Shandong Province, the pollution index hit 500, the maximum reading on the Chinese scale.

2013 December 5, Austin Ramzy, “Air Pollution Shrouds Eastern China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-07-17, Sinosphere:

A prefecture-level city of Shandong, China.


Xiang'an

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 翔安 (Xiáng'ān).

Sokolov’s phone had GPS and maps, which he had been watching with interest ever since they had left the airport in their wake. They were roaring down Xunjianggang, a strait about three kilometers wide that ran between Xiamen Island and the northeastern district of Xiang’an.

2011, Neal Stephenson, Reamde, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 465:

In general, the residential suitability of all public services in Siming and Huli district were the best,[...]However, the performance in Xiang'an district was the worst, with a 23.56 average residential score and 51.40% regional disparity.

2020, Yu Zhao et al., “Towards Sustainable Urban Communities: A Composite Spatial Accessibility Assessment for Residental Suitability Based on Network Big Data”, in Big Data Research for Social Sciences and Social Impact, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 149:


樟木

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ mu⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ mʊk̚²/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ mu⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ mʊk̚²/

(～鎮) Zhangmu (a town in Nyalam, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


Tongguzbasti

In order to find clues as to how they lived it might be reasonable to visit the most primitive and isolated oasis community in the Tarim Basin. Arguably this is the village of Tongguzbasti which lies in the delta of the Keriya River, in the middle of the Taklamakan desert[...]

1996, Philip Andrews-Speed, “Herdsmen of Chinese Turkestan”, in Asian Affairs, volume 27, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Added to the party later were the Chinese guide who had crossed the desert in Blackmore's expedition, and two Chinese cooks. At Tongguzbasti ("the boar trampled"), a remote settlement where the Keriya River trickles away into the sand, we recruited 24 camels, five Uighur camel drivers and the headman's eight-year-old son.

1996 May 18, Christian Tyler, “Life stripped to its essentials in the desert”, in Financial Times, page XII, columns 6–7:

'Oh, yes. A man was brought to us about a year ago. There'd been a big storm along the southern sector of the Taklamakan. It went on for four or five days. This man was a goatherd from Tongguzbasti. He'd gone out into the desert in search of tamarisk, along with a camel for the load. At midday he had some bread and water and lay down for a sleep. When he woke there was a storm the like of which he'd never seen before. There was nothing for it but to hunker down and make the best of it; but at some point - whether it was day or night he couldn't say - he found himself on his feet, shouting and screaming at the noise, and walking for what must have been miles.'

2000, Daniel Easterman, chapter 53, in Incarnation (Fiction), →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 411:

The fifty villagers of Tongguzbasti ("The invading boar") live in a thicket behind a stockade which protects them from the wind and sand.

2004, Christian Tyler, “Separate Tables”, in Wild West China: The Taming of Xinjiang (History/Asia), New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 253:

A week into the trip Korbel told me I was riding well, no trouble at all for him, so we would detour a little to the east, toward an oasis called Tongguzbasti. We would soon pick up a very old route, he told me, one that ran between the Khotan, which we had by then gained, and another riverbed, the Keriya. Along the way we would see something.

2004, Barry Holstun Lopez, Resistance (Fiction), New York: Vintage Books, published 2005, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 105:

The tiny Uighur settlement of Tongguzbasti, 170km (102 miles) north of Keriya beside the rapidly diminishing Keriya Dariya, must rank as one of the most remote places in Xinjiang. It is said to stand on the ruins of the lost city of Keladun, and artefacts dating from the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 222) have been found here. Today about 100 families of Keriya Uighur live here in almost complete isolation.

2008, The Silk Road (Insight Guides), 1st edition, Apa Publications, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 181:


Fuxin

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 阜新 (Fùxīn).

Jehol has a one-million-ton mine at Peipiao and a new open-cut mine at Fuhsin with a five-million-ton capacity. Fuhsin is the site of a large thermal electric plant.

[1955, George B. Cressey, “Resources for Tomorrow”, in Land of the 500 Million: A Geography of China, McGraw-Hill Company, Inc., →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 135:

Four people were killed when a highway bridge collapsed yesterday in Fuxin, Liaoning, and an expert said the high frequency of bridge mishaps this summer was abnormal.

2013 July 17, Stephen Chen, “Four people die after highway bridge collapses in Fuxin, Liaoning”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-31, China:

Mr. Sun’s “Mythological Time” depicts his hometown, Fuxin in Liaoning, a frigid province wedged between North Korea and Inner Mongolia.

2016 December 1, Joyce Lau, “A Chinese Artist Consumed by the Idea of Inevitable Change”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-12-07, Arts:

A prefecture-level city of Liaoning, China.

阜新

prefecture-level city; Mongol autonomous county

A Mongol autonomous county in Fuxin, Liaoning, China.


廣信

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵¹/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ sɵn³³/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵¹/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ sɵn³³/

(historical) (～縣) Guangxin (an ancient county established in the Western Han and located in present-day Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～區) Guangxin (a district of Shangrao, Jiangxi, China)


冠縣

/ku̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ku̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Guan County, Guanxian (a county of Liaocheng, Shandong, China)


Shuangqiao

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 雙橋 /双桥 (Shuāngqiáo).

The 2.3-square-km Longshuihu village in the Shuangqiao district of Chongqing municipality, also known as "women's town," was based on the local traditional concept of "women rule and men obey," a tourism official told Reuters.

2007 April 26, “"Women's town" to put men in their place”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2016-08-06, Life:

In 2011, former Shuangqiao District and Dazu County were merged as Dazu District with an area of 1436 km² and a population 1.03 million.

2019, Zhijie Wang, “The Practices of Over-Leaping the Middle Income Trap via New Industrialization–A Case Study of Dazu District in Chongqing”, in Yining Li, Zhiqiang Cheng, editors, China's Reform to Overleap the Middle-Income Trap, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 211:

(historical) A former district of Chongqing, China.


Jinshan

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 金山 (Jīnshān, literally “Gold Mountain”).
* (area in Shanghai): Named for Dajinshan Island to its south, the highest point of natural elevation in Shanghai Municipality.

der

Chinshan (alternative)
Chin-shan (alternative)

Jinshan peasants’ paintings, an- other symbol of Shanghai’s Hai Pai style, characteristic of the plain tastes of local peasants, are well known both at home and abroad. The painters are all ordinary peasants. The studio is located in the ancient town Zhujing, Jinshan District.

2008, 王慧敏 [Wang Huimin] et al., editors, 上海旅游 [Shanghai] (China Travel Kit Series), 1st edition, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 13:

A huge fire broke out Saturday at the headquarters of a petrochemical facility in southeast Shanghai, state media reported.
The fire started around at 4 a.m. at an ethylene glycol processing unit owned by Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical, a state-owned oil company whose headquarters are in an industrial park in the suburban Jinshan district.

2022 June 17, Alexandra Stevenson, “Explosions and Fire Break Out at Sinopec’s Shanghai Headquarters”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-06-18, Business:


Wenshan

Wen-shan (alternative)
Wunshan (alternative)

Most of the chronically poor counties in Yunnan Province in the late 1970s tended to specialize in nongrain crops in the late 1950s. That was particularly true of ten counties, almost half the provincial total of chronically poor counties, located in two contiguous prefectures, Wenshan and Hungho, in tropical southeastern Yunnan.

1983, Nicholas R. Lardy, “Living standards and the distribution of income”, in Agriculture in China's modern economic development, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 185:

The top anti-corruption watchdog in Southwest China’s Yunnan province said on Friday the governor of the burgeoning aluminium hub of Wenshan had been placed under investigation.
Zhang Xiulan, who has been governor of Wenshan prefecture since March 2015, is suspected of “grave violations of discipline and the law,” the Yunnan Province Commission for Discipline Inspection said in a statement, without elaborating.

2021 April 30, Tom Daly, “China graft watchdog probes governor of emerging aluminium hub”, in Richard Chang, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-07-06, ALUMINUM:

A Zhuang and Miao autonomous prefecture in Yunnan, China.

In April of 1944, an American colonel conferred with Nationalist Chinese General Kwan Lin-jen in Wenshan, southern Yunnan Province, on the defense of that region against the Japanese in Indochina. The colonel was helping the general train his troops.

1952 June, Kai-yu Hsu, “Behind Red China's Human Sea Tactics”, in United States Army Combat Forces Journal, volume 2, number 11, →OCLC, page 16:

“The suspect turned to a local police station for help, but was too furious to wait for an investigation,” Xinhua news agency said, citing police in Yunnan Province in southwestern China.[…]
He killed one passer-by and injured another nine, none critically, on Monday morning at the Shuangqiao Garden Plaza in Wenshan county, before being seized by police.

2008 July 16, Lucy Hornby, “China worker stabs 10 after fake money switch”, in Alex Richardson, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-08-09, World News:

A county-level city of Wenshan, Yunnan, China.


Baishan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 白山 (Báishān).

Baishan hydroelectric station is located 39 km from the downstream Hongshi hydroelectric station and 250 km from the downstream Fengman hydroelectric station, Jilin Province, China, on the upper reaches of the Second Songhua River,[...]In Baishan district the weather is very cold in winter (lowest temperature, -44.5°C; highest temperature, 38.8°C; long-term average, 4.3°C).

1986, Zongyan Guo, Zhou Yukun, “Segment-shaped blasting in Baishan hydroelectric station excavations, China”, in Rock engineering and excavation in an urban environment, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 181:

The accident occurred July 1 at a coal mine near Baishan, a city in Jilin province, the Beijing Evening News reported. It said rescue efforts were finally called off this week and the missing miners declared dead.

2001 July 18, “Report: Floods Kill 21 Coal Miners”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-06-22:

A prefecture-level city of Jilin, China.


Bortala

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠ (borotal-a).

Urumchi Sinkiang Regional Service in Mandarin at 1300 GMT on 30 October reports that 143d Regimental Farm in Shihhotze Prefecture develops forestry. The same broadcasts reports that 84th Regimental Farm in Poerhtala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture restores award system in efforts to promote animal husbandry.

[1978 November 3 [1978 October 30], “PRC Radio Reports on Activities of Chinese PLA Units”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 214, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Urumchi Sinkiang Regional Service via Editorial Report OW, translation of original in Mandarin, →ISSN, →OCLC, National Affairs, page E 7:

Overall, trade via the new ports of entry on the Xinjiang-Kazakstani border expanded tremendously in the first five years. Six of the new ports are by road: They include[...]The most important route, however, is the railway link that crosses the Chinese-Kazakstani border at Alataw (Ala Shankou), in the Bortala-Mongol Autonomous Prefecture.

1998, Linda Benson, Ingvar Svanberg, China's Last Nomads, M. E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 201:

The ruling Communist Party’s graft-fighting Central Commission for Discipline Inspection said that Guo Xiangyi, who was a senior official in Xinjiang’s Bortala region, abused his power, took bribes and expropriated land.
Guo, likely a Han Chinese judging by his name, also “faked and changed the ethnicity of his wife and child”, the statement said, without giving details.
While the Uighurs, a Muslim people who speak a Turkic language, are the main minority in Xinjiang, Bortala is home to a large number of ethnic Mongols.

2015 December 24, Ben Blanchard, “Minority report: Chinese official 'faked family's ethnicity'”, in Nick Macfie, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-06-19, World News:

Wenquan is part of the Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, the base of the Chahar in Xinjiang. (Their ancestral home is in present-day Inner Mongolia, where the majority of Chahar in China live.) The prefecture is one of several scattered enclaves that arose from Qing-era garrisons.

2017 June 18, Edward Wong, “Mongolian Warriors and Communist Soldiers: A Frontier Town in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-06-19, Asia Pacific:

A Mongol autonomous prefecture in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


Qionghai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 瓊海 /琼海 (Qiónghǎi).

Born in Qionghai on the island of Hainan to a local government official and a stay-at-home mother, Mr. Wang studied environmental engineering at Donghua University in Shanghai, graduating in 1984.

2015 August 4, Brett Cole, “An Exchange in Australia Woos Listings From China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-08-08, DealBook:

Villagers on an electric bike herd their cattle along a road in the town of Boao in Qionghai, Hainan province, China August 11, 2018.

2021 March 19, Twinnie Siu, “China to crack down on use of leanness enhancers in cattle and sheep”, in Kirsten Donovan, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-03-21, Currencies:

A sub-prefectural city of Hainan, China.


錫山

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɕi³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚³ saːn⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɕi³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚³ saːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Xishan (a district of Wuxi, Jiangsu, China)


米河

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

(～鎮) Mihe (a town in Gongyi, Zhengzhou, Henan, China)


共產主義渠

ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄢˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ ㄑㄩˊ

Gòngchǎn Zhǔyì Qú [Phonetic:gòngchánzhǔyìqú]

ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄢˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ ㄑㄩˊ

Гунчань Чжуи Цюй

/kʊŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy³⁵/


左雲

→ English: Tsoyun, Tso-yün, Zuoyun

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ yn³⁵/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ wɐn²¹/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ yn³⁵/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ wɐn²¹/

(～縣) Zuoyun (a county of Datong, Shanxi, China)


伏牛山

/fu³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚² ŋɐu̯²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/fu³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fʊk̚² ŋɐu̯²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

Funiu Mountains (a mountain in western Henan, China)


化隆

/xu̯ä⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/faː³³ lʊŋ²¹/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/faː³³ lʊŋ²¹/

回族自治縣 回族自治縣#Chinese

(～回族自治縣, ～縣) Hualong (a Hui autonomous county in Haidong, Qinghai, China)


Chongyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 崇陽 /崇阳 (Chóngyáng).

At the beginning of 1842, a secret society uprising led by Chung Jen-chieh broke out in Chungyang County, Hupeh Province.

[1976, Compilation Group for the "History of Modern China" Series [《中国近代史丛书》编写组], “Expansion of the War”, in The Opium War [鸦片战争], Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, page 71:

In Hupei, clan schools recorded in local gazetteers amounted to 23 percent of the schools in Huang-kang county, and from 27 to 47 percent of those in Ch'ung-yang county.

[1979, Evelyn Rawski, “The Availability of Elementary Education”, in Education and Popular Literacy in Ch’ing China, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 87:

In the far south-east, Chongyang County had over 5,000 Christians by 1992 meeting in twelve “spontaneous meeting-points” (i.e. house churches) according to the TSPM.

1999, Tony Lambert, “A survey of church growth, province by province”, in China's Christian Millions, Monarch Books, published 2006, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 252:

According to the video released by Xinhua news agency, the picture of the same screen in different places is quite realistic, and the interaction process does not feel the delay, and the movements and expressions are quite smooth and natural. “It’s a strange, magical feeling.” Cheng Ju, deputy to the National People’s Congress and party branch secretary of Dazhi Village, Chongyang County, Hubei province, said. During the interview in Wuhan, she shook hands with Cheng Gong, a reporter from the Xinhua news agency in Beijing.

2020 May 20, “ZTE And WIMI’s Launching of 5G Holographic Cloud Interview with The Same Screen Makes Black Technology Into Reality”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2023-04-01:


子洲

→ English: Tzu-chou, Zizhou

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

Named after Chinese 李子洲 (Li Zizhou) (1892-1929) in 1944.

(～縣) Zizhou (a county of Yulin, Shaanxi, China)


樂都

/lɔːk̚² tou̯⁵⁵/

/lɔːk̚² tou̯⁵⁵/

(～區) Ledu (a district and former county of Haidong, Qinghai, China)


楊陵

/jɑŋ³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

/jɑŋ³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Yangling (a district of Xianyang, Shaanxi, China)


子長

→ English: Zichang

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

Named after Chinese 謝子長 (Xie Zichang) (1897-1935) in 1942.

(～市) Zichang (a county-level city of Yan'an, Shaanxi, China)


Zhoukoudian

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 周口店 (Zhōukǒudiàn).

Choukoutien (alternative)
Chou-k'ou-tien (alternative)

In the more remote past, 450 million years ago, the Choukoutien area was part of a sea as the presence there of Ordovician limestone proves.

[1975, Lan-po Chia, The Cave Home of Peking Man, Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, page 7:

A Swedish geologist turned archaeologist, Johan Gunnar Andersson, for example led the project that led to the discovery of the “Peking Man” fossils, in the 1920s, at the site of Zhoukoudian, dating to circa 200,000 to 700,000 years ago, and also helped establish evidence of “prehistoric” culture, in the form of early painted ceramics at the Neolithic site of Yangshao, dating to circa 5,000 to 3,000 B.C.

2021 May 11, Rowan K. Flad, “It’s a golden age for Chinese archaeology — and the West is ignoring it”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-05-11, PostEverything:

An area of Fangshan district, Beijing, China.


中陽

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Zhongyang (a county of Lüliang, Shanxi, China)


Luliang

The regional paper Yünnan Daily also carried a report in this respect, as follows: "The Party committee for the Ch'aot'ieh commune in Luliang county, Yünnan province, has been educating the Party members in Party policy, fundamental Party knowledge and current situation, thereby raising their ideological and policy level, through such methods as the opening of training classes...

1961, The Peking Informers, volume 3, Continental Research Institute, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 11:

Yunnan. Since the cultural revolution, this province has completed 31 medium-sized and small chemical fertilizer plants;[…]Luliang County chemical fertilizer works was founded by 39 poor and lower-middle peasants with five earthen jars;[…]

1972 March, Summary of World Broadcasts: Far East, British Broadcasting Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 14:

Many areas have not had rain since at least October. Here in Luliang County, about 70 miles east of Yunnan’s capital, Kunming, no rain has fallen since August.[…]
In mid-March, China’s premier, Wen Jiabao, made a three-day tour of Yunnan, including Luliang County, to pledge government help and urge new water-conservation efforts.[…]
A several-hour tour of Luliang County on Sunday suggested the drought had struck in patchwork fashion.

2010 April 4, Michael Wines, Li Bibo, “Spring Harvest of Debt for Parched Farms in Southern China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-04-06, Asia Pacific, page A4:

In particular, my trip to a Sierbao village in Luliang county, Yunnan province, left a deep impression. Luliang is about 135 kilometres northeast of the provincial capital Kunming.
This is one of China's major tourist routes, served by a brand new national highway. It took me just two hours by bus from Kunming to Luliang county.

2012 September 22, Zhou Xun, “In the villages, a China still living in want”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-05-26, Opinion:

The bureau in September said Luliang County in Yunnan province had inflated its first-half industrial output and fixed-asset investment data by more than 100 percent.

2013 November 15, “China's official copper data overstating output, say smelters”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-10-24:


鎮平

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Zhenping (a county of Nanyang, Henan, China)

(～縣) (historical) Zhenping (a former county of Guangdong, China; modern Jiaoling County)


鎮坪

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Zhenping (a county of Ankang, Shaanxi, China)


正陽

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Zhengyang (a county of Zhumadian, Henan, China)


鎮巴

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ pä⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ paː⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ pä⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ paː⁵⁵/

(～縣) Zhenba (a county of Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China)


柘城

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɛː³³ sɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɛː³³ sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Zhecheng (a county of Shangqiu, Henan, China)


柞水

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saː²² sɵy̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡saː²² sɵy̯³⁵/

(～縣) Zhashui (a county of Shangluo, Shaanxi, China)


芳村

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(historical) (～區) Fangcun District (a former district of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)


Beixín

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


五通

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Wutong (a town in Lingui district, Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


鋼城

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～區) Gangcheng District (a district of Jinan, Shandong, China)

(～街道) Gangcheng (a subdistrict of Jiayuguan, Gansu, China)


匡廬

/kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ lu³⁵/

/kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ lu³⁵/

(archaic) Mount Lu (a mountain in Jiangxi, China)


湛河

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡saːm³³ hɔː²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡saːm³³ hɔː²¹/

(～區) Zhanhe (a district of Pingdingshan, Henan, China)


祿口

/lu⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～街道) Lukou (a subdistrict of Jiangning district, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China)


雨花臺

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/jyː¹³ faː⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/y²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ä⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/jyː¹³ faː⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

(～區) Yuhuatai (a district of Nanjing, Jiangsu, China)


溧水

/li⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵt̚² sɵy̯³⁵/

/li⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵt̚² sɵy̯³⁵/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Lishui (a district, a former county of Nanjing, Jiangsu, China)


秦淮

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ xu̯aɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵn²¹ waːi̯²¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huai⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ xu̯aɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵn²¹ waːi̯²¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huai⁵⁵/

(～河) Qinhuai River (a river in Jiangsu, China)

(～區) Qinhuai District (a district of Nanjing, Jiangsu, China)


高淳

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Gaochun (a district, a former county of Nanjing, Jiangsu, China)


澤州

/t͡sɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡saːk̚² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡saːk̚² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Zezhou (a county of Jincheng, Shanxi, China)


渝中

→ English: Yuzhong

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jyː²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/y⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lyŋ⁵⁵/

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jyː²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/y⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lyŋ⁵⁵/

Replacement for 市中 (Shìzhōng) from March 1995.

(～區) Yuzhong (a district of Chongqing, China)

(～半島) Yuzhong (a peninsula in Yuzhong district, Chongqing, China)


榆陽

/jyː²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/jyː²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

(～區) Yuyang (a district of Yulin, Shaanxi, China)


榆社

/jyː²¹ sɛː¹³/

/jyː²¹ sɛː¹³/

(～縣) Yushe (a county of Jinzhong, Shanxi, China)


雲岡

/yn³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

/yn³⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Yungang (a district of Datong, Shanxi, China)


榆次

/y³⁵ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/jyː²¹ t͡sʰiː³³/

/y³⁵ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/

/jyː²¹ t͡sʰiː³³/

(～區) Yuci (a district of Jinzhong, Shanxi, China)


虞城

→ English: Yucheng

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jyː²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/y³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jyː²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Yucheng (a county of Shangqiu, Henan, China)


小金

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ kɐm⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ kɐm⁵⁵/

(～縣) Xiaojin (a county of Ngawa prefecture, Sichuan, China)


依安

/jiː⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/jiː⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yi'an (a county of Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China)


永壽

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/wɪŋ¹³ sɐu̯²²/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/wɪŋ¹³ sɐu̯²²/

(～縣) Yongshou (a county of Xianyang, Shaanxi, China)


永安

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/iŋ³³⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/iŋ³³⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Yong'an (a county-level city and former county of Sanming, Fujian, China)

(～街道) Yong'an (a subdistrict of Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～街道, formerly ～鎮) Yong'an (a subdistrict of Fengjie, Chongqing, China, formerly a town)

(～鎮) Yong'an (a town in Liuyang, Changsha, Hunan, China)

(～州) (historical) Yong'an (a historical prefecture in modern Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～縣) (historical) Yong'an (a former county of Guangdong, China; modern Zijin county)


永安

永安 (canonical)
Eian (romanization)
えいあん (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 永安 (Yǒng'ān).

obor

Yong'an (a county-level city of Sanming, Fujian, China)


永安

alternative form of 永安 (“Yong'an (a county-level city of Sanming, Fujian, China)”)


迎澤

→ English: Yingze

/iŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/jɪŋ²¹ t͡saːk̚²/

/iŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/jɪŋ²¹ t͡saːk̚²/

(～區) Yingze (a district of Taiyuan, Shanxi, China)


宜君

/i³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

/i³⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ kʷɐn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yijun (a county of Tongchuan, Shaanxi, China)


翼城

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jɪk̚² sɪŋ²¹/

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jɪk̚² sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Yicheng (a county of Linfen, Shanxi, China)


驛城

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jɪk̚² sɪŋ²¹/

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jɪk̚² sɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Yicheng (a district of Zhumadian, Henan, China)


小湯山

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Xiaotangshan (a town, a former township in Changping district, Beijing, China)


回龍觀

ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄢ

ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄢ

Хуэйлунгуань

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

(～鎮, ～地區) Huilongguan (a former town in Changping district, Beijing, China)

(～街道) Huilongguan (a subdistrict of Changping district, Beijing, China, originally part of Huilongguan town)


𨻧隍

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/liu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋ⁵⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/liu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ŋ⁵⁵/

(Can we date this quote?), “美妙的潮州方言”, in 潮汕民俗网, archived from the original on 2022-07-25:

八月八，𨻧隍糕，青裏截

八月八，𨻧隍糕，青里截

(～鎮) Liuhuang (a town in Fengshun, Meizhou, Guangdong, China)


Qingtongxia

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 青銅峽 /青铜峡 (Qīngtóngxiá).

The only thing we could do was to get back into our car and to drive on towards Qingtongxia, about half- way to our destination of Yinchuan. We stayed overnight in Qingtongxia and the next morning decided to pay a visit to the Qingtongxia Reservoir, near which are 108 pagodas that we wanted to see.[...]
Apart from its pagodas, Qingtongxia is also renowned for its 44 temples located in Niushou (Ox Head) Mountain, plus its prairies, forests and vast expanses of reed marshes.

1993 August, Miao Wang, Shi Bao Xiu, “A Ten-Day Trip Across the Hexi Corridor”, in Tu Nai Hsien, editor, From the Pamirs to Beijing: Tracing Marco Polo's Northern Route, Hong Kong: HK China Tourism Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 80, columns 1, 2:

At five in the morning on August 28, during the brief incapacity of Zhou Enlai due to severe angina, Kang Sheng approved a plan of action for Ningxia submitted by the Lanzhou MR: the increasingly serious conflict between two Muslim factions paralyzing Qingtongxia county was—once all other options had been exhausted—to be resolved by having the PLA open fire on civilians. Kang quickly blamed local “party power-holders taking the capitalist road” for the bloodbath that ensued but also expressed regret at the “casualties on both sides,” dismissing as unfounded “rumor” a claim that the total number of dead had been “more than 400.” Eventually, three weeks after the event, he was able to defend himself by saying that the resolution of the Qingtongxia “issue” had been endorsed by Mao and Lin Biao, but what remains unclear is when that endorsement was given, before or after the event. A post-Cultural Revolution official inquiry by the central authorities into Kang Sheng’s involvement in the incident determined that the PLA shot dead 101 and wounded 133 members of “the masses.” An official history produced in Ningxia describes the incident as one involving two opposing factions of the “masses” and has it that the PLA shot dead 104 and wounded 133 members of one of these factions.

2006, Roderick MacFarquhar, Michael Schoenhals, Mao's Last Revolution, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 216:

Here again, a major problem is decentralization. Beijing has faced difficulties enforcing local compliance with new federal regulations. When the central government announced its ambitious campaign to decrease energy consumption, officials in regional capitals like Qingtongxia got straight to work— not to comply, according to Howard French of the New York Times, but rather to find creative ways to avoid the requirements.

2010, Stefan Halper, The Beijing Consensus: How China's Authoritarian Model Will Dominate the Twenty-first Century, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 167:

Russian army members take part in the Sibu/Cooperation-2021 joint drills in Qingtongxia, Ningxia Autonomous Region, China, August 13, 2021.

2021 August 13, “Russian defence minister praises cooperation with China at joint wargames”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-08-13:

A county-level city of Wuzhong, Ningxia autonomous region, China, formerly a county.


渠縣

/t͡ɕʰy³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʰɵy̯²¹ jyːn²²/

/t͡ɕʰy³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/kʰɵy̯²¹ jyːn²²/

Qu County, Quxian (a county of Dazhou, Sichuan, China)


浮洋

/fu³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ĩõ⁵⁵/

/fu³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ĩõ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Fuyang (a town in Chao'an district, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China)


Loudi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 婁底 /娄底 (Lóudǐ).

Recently, too, growing numbers of working teachers have struck for higher pay in dozens of places, including 6,000 in Loudi, Hunan, in December, according to Liu and other reports.

2009 February 6, Chris Buckley, “China's rural teachers join rumble of unrest”, in Nick Macfie, Dean Yates, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-12, World News:

Annabelle was found early on a September morning in a box at the orphanage door in the city of Loudi in the province of Hunan.

2010, Ann Hood, The Red Thread, W. W. Norton, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780393339765/page/305/:

A prefecture-level city of Hunan, China.


黔西

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʰiːm²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʰiːm²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Qianxi (a county-level city and former county of Bijie, Guizhou, China)


晉寧

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ niŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɵn³³ nɪŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ niŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɵn³³ nɪŋ²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Jinning (a district and former county of Kunming, Yunnan, China)


Ganzhou

Translingual: Ganzhousaurus

/ˌɡɑnˈd͡ʒoʊ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 贛州 /赣州 (Gànzhōu).

Most leather pillows, letter paper, envelopes, enamelware, fans, and water pipes come from Ganzhou and are of the highest quality. The stationery from Ganzhou is made of paper manufactured in China; that from Mei County is made with foreign paper.

1990, Zedong Mao, translated by Roger Thompson, Report from Xunwu, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 71:

The man from the southern city of Ganzhou had been treated in Venezuela on Jan. 28 before returning home on Feb. 5 via Hong Kong and the southern Chinese city of Shenzhen, the National Health and Family Planning Commission said in a statement.

2016 February 10, “China reports first case of imported Zika virus”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-31:

They were last seen in Ganzhou, a large city in southern Jiangxi Province. It is unclear whether the other two were detained.
The group had been investigating labor conditions at the two factories, one in Ganzhou and another in Dongguan. Their preliminary findings, which had not yet been made public, detail that workers were subject to exceptionally long hours.

2017 May 30, Keith Bradsher, “China Detains Activist Who Worked at Manufacturer of Ivanka Trump Shoes”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-10-21, Business Day:

A prefecture-level city of Jiangxi, China.


Xingguo

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 興國 /兴国 (Xīngguó).

HSINGKUO county in the hilly region of southern Kiangsi province was one of China’s earliest revolutionary bases.[…]
Surrounded by mountains and crossed by the Lienchiang River, Hsingkuo county lies in a beautiful natural setting.

1972 March, Chi Hung, “An Old Revolutionary Base—Yesterday and Today”, in China Reconstructs, volume 21, number 3, Peking, →OCLC, pages 24–25:

Chen Yi cursed as he had a hundred times since he had been carried from the front in Xingguo county six weeks ago with a bullet wound in his hip which refused to heal.

1985, Harrison E. Salisbury, “A Walk by Moonlight”, in The Long March, Harper & Row, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 5:

There are very few geomancers in Xunwu County; most of them are from Xingguo.

1990, Mao Zedong, translated by Roger Thompson, Report from Xunwu, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 210:

The 800-metre (2,600-foot) experimental Red Rail in southern China’s Xingguo county, Jiangxi province, used powerful magnets rich in rare earth elements to produce a constantly repelling force strong enough to lift a train with 88 passengers in the air, according to a report by state broadcaster China Central Television on Tuesday.

2022 August 10, Stephen Chen, “Chinese scientists say maglev ‘sky train’ floats without power using permanent magnets”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2022-08-10, Science:


興江

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Xingjiang (a township in Xingguo, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


新絳

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³³/

(～縣) Xinjiang, Xinjiang County (a county of Yuncheng, Shanxi, China)


白居寺

/paɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/paːk̚² kɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡siː²²⁻³⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/paːk̚² kɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡siː²²⁻³⁵/

Palcho Monastery (a Tibetan Buddhist monastery located in Gyantse, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


平陸

/pʰiŋ³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ lʊk̚²/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ lʊk̚²/

(～縣) Pinglu (a county of Yuncheng, Shanxi, China)


粤東

粤東 (canonical)
Ettō (romanization)
Wetutou (romanization)
ゑつとう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 粵東 (MC hjwot tuwng).

『粤東俗字便蒙解』

俗字便蒙解 ぞくじべんもうかい

Handbook of Canton Vernacular Characters (Meiji-era rudimentary guidebook of vernacular Cantonese phrases)

(literary, obsolete) eastern Guangdong (a region of Guangdong, China); or Guangdong (a province of China)


Sugarloaf Island

The tidal currents set directly through Sugarloaf Channel, except northwestward of Sugarloaf Island where a branch of the outgoing current runs along the northern shore of the island.

1943, “PORT SWATOW”, in Sailing Directions for the Coast of China, U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 524:

Luyu channel, south of the two islets Luyu (Sugarloaf island) and Muyu (Double island), is about 300 yards wide with depth of 6 to 11 fm. in the fairway; north of the islands is the less frequented Eastern channel with depths of 3½ to 8 fm.

1945, China Proper, volume III, Naval Intelligence Division, →OCLC, page 266:

Duly relieved, Edsall the next day stood out at 11:30, conned by a local pilot, Mr. Woods. She steamed down the coast past Sugarloaf Island, Good Cape Lighthouse, Bill and Green islands, and Breaker Point Lighthouse to anchor off South Nine Pin Island (Nam Kwo Chau), near the main shipping lanes, east of the British Crown Colony at Hong Kong.

2008, Donald M. Kehn Jr., A Blue Sea of Blood, Zenith Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 44:

Sugarloaf Channel
Sugarloaf Channel#English

(obsolete) An island of Sugarloaf Channel, Shantou, Guangdong, China, located in the Port of Shantou and having a lighthouse.


Double Island

At the entrance of the bay on which Swatow is located, there is a small island called Double Island, on which foreigners secured a foothold before the port was opened to the outside world.

1891 August, S. B. Partridge, “American Baptist Mission, Swatow, China.”, in The Baptist Missionary Magazine, volume LXXI, number 8, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 370:

The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most romantic events on the Chinese spiritual calendar - a time to gaze at and worship the beauty of the full moon. I think I captured the reverence and lyricism of the mid-autumn moon in this shot off Mayu Island in Shantou.

[1987, Manly Chin, China The Beautiful [中國風光攝影集], Reader's Digest Association Far East Limited, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 310:

In the 1890s, for no known reason, he took against his colleagues, the Swatow pilots stationed at Double Island, and would walk for miles along the coast to intercept incoming vessels before they could reach the official pilots.

1998, Frances Wood, “Private Life and the Social Round”, in No Dogs and Not Many Chinese: Treaty Port Life in China, 1843-1943, John Murray, published 2000, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 138:

In Shanghai we met a Christian captain who had been trading at Swatow. He made a strong case for the needs of that area. British merchants lived on Double Island, and sold opium.

2003, Hudson Taylor, “Called to Swatow”, in Looking Back: An Autobiography (Missions), OMF International, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 84–85:

The truth, however, is that the Edsall was not then in the Amoy-Kulangsu area but instead spent all of the first half of May 1939 at Swatow (Shantou), China, well to the south. Anchored near Double Island, Edsall observed Japanese aerial attacks in support of their ground offensive in the region.

2008, Donald M. Kehn Jr., “Flushdeckers”, in A Blue Sea of Blood: Deciphering the Mysterious Fate of the USS Edsall, Zenith Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 43:

An island of Sugarloaf Channel, Shantou, Guangdong, China, located inwards after Sugarloaf Island and larger than it.


Муғулистон

head

Муғулистон • (Muġuliston) (Persian spelling مغولستان)

Muġuliston (romanization)
spelling مغولستان (Persian)

(chiefly historical) Mongolia (a Mongolian-speaking geographic region in East Asia, including the country of Mongolia (Outer Mongolia), the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia in China, and sometimes also Buryatia, Tuva and the Altai Republic in Russia)


Hengshui

The dust-storms have been not merely unintermittent, but of a frightful character, even for North China. Within the past two or three weeks they have taken the form of violent winds, each of which at sea would almost make a young typhoon. In the Hengshui district we hear that the roof of a theatrical pavilion was blown for miles, and that two children were blown away, one killed, and the other never heard of.

1891 May 29, “Western Shantung”, in North-China Herald, volume XLVI, number 1243, Shanghai, →OCLC, page 662, column 2:

The New China agency reported that numerous building and houses collapsed but that the number of casualties was less than on 8 March, when people had been caught in their sleep. The worst damage was done at Hsing-t’ai, Heng-shui and Shih-chia-chuang [1]; numerous aftershocks (Nos. 186-90) were felt in the same region up to 29 March.

[1970, Annual summary of information on natural disasters 1966, Belgium: Unesco, →OCLC, page 26:

The People's Daily on March 3 demanded that "hsia ma" items be attended to with proper rehabilitation efforts. "Through maximum utilization, dead things should be brought back alive," the editorial on page 1 urged.
Two-thirds of page 2 was devoted to a description of how an iron mill at Hengshui, Hopei province, was torn into pieces and sold at giveaway prices.

1981 April 12, L. Chen, “Disastrous acts of dismounting”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXII, number 14, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

The Voice of China radio said the accident, the latest in a series of deadly industrial incidents, occurred around 8 a.m. in the Hebei province city of Hengshui.

2019 April 25, “11 die as elevator cable snaps at work site in north China”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2024-05-07:

A prefecture-level city of Hebei, China.


Zunyi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 遵義 /遵义 (Zūnyì).

Tsun-i (alternative)
Tsunyi (alternative)

In a study published in late July in the Journal of Sleep Research, researchers looked at how 1,619 children in China were doing in terms of sleep. The children, ages 4, 5 and 6, were recruited from 11 preschools in the province of Guizhou, in the city of Zunyi, about 650 miles from Wuhan.

2020 August 17, Perri Klass, “How Children’s Sleep Habits Have Changed in the Pandemic”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-08-17, The Checkup:

A prefecture-level city of Guizhou, China.


Langfang

While there he received a wire from Tuan Ch’i-jui, who was at that time Minister of War and Premier, ordering him to station the bulk of his troops in the vicinity of Langfang, about halfway between Peking and Tientsin.

1966, James E. Sheridan, Chinese Warlord: The Career of Feng Yü-hsiang, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 63:

The city of Langfang in Hebei on Tuesday said its 4.9 million residents will be put under home quarantine for seven days and be subject to mass COVID-10 testing in the latest attempt to curb the spread of the coronavirus.
Two counties under Langfang’s jurisdiction that border Beijing, Guan and Sanhe, had already announced home quarantine measures.

2021 January 11, Jing Wang, Andrew Galbraith, Roxanne Liu, Lusha Zhang, Se Young Lee, “Another Chinese city goes into lockdown amid new COVID-19 threat”, in Michael Perry, Raju Gopalakrishnan, Sam Holmes, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-01-12, Healthcare & Pharma:


上蔡

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

Named after the ancient state of Cai (蔡國／蔡国), with the capital located in the county.

(～縣) Shangcai (a county of Zhumadian, Henan, China)


Wuzhong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 吳中 /吴中 (Wúzhōng).

Global R&D and Commercialization Base, with a first-phase building area of nearly 30,000 square meters, is located in Wuzhong, Suzhou, and is expected to be completed and put into operation in mid-2024 as an integrated base with comprehensive functions, including manufacturing, R&D and office.

2022 October 20, ImmVira, “ImmVira announced to launch the construction of Global R&D and Commercialization Base”, in AP News; PR Newswire, archived from the original on 2023-06-30:


Wuzhong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 吳忠 /吴忠 (Wúzhōng).

The river, which is some 3,028 miles long and has a catchment basin of 250,000 sq. miles, rises in the Bayan Kara Shan (15,000 ft) of north-east Tibet and flows as a mountain torrent above Lanchow. Between Lanchow and Wuchung in Ningsia it descends on to the Inner Mongolian plateau and is less torrential although still of considerable strength. At Wuchung it starts on its northward course, known as the Great Bend, across the Ordos Desert.

[1970, T. R. Tregear, An Economic Geography of China, Butterworths, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 60:

In Hui restaurants in towns such as Wuchung and Chungning, restaurant workers wearing the white caps of the Hui nationality serve customers. Most government institutions, factories and schools in different parts of the autonomous region have set up dining rooms for the Huis, where their special foods are served.

[1978 November [1978 October 16], “Religious Life Never Interfered With”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XVII, number 11, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 16:

I was amused when one of my Hui colleagues who was present at an interview corrected a wheat farmer and sideline rope maker in Wuzhong, central Ningxia: "No you are not a 'Hui religion disciple' (Huijiao tu)" he reprimanded, "you are a 'Hui person' (Huimin). Hui believe in Islam (Yisilanjiao), not their own Hui religion."

1991, Dru C. Gladney, Muslim Chinese, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 97:

“The Hui used to live in separate neighborhoods, but these days, non-Muslims are moving to Muslim quarters because they are drawn to our clean food and our system of ethics,” said Ma Youming, 35, the production manager of a hat factory in Wuzhong that exports religious headwear to Indonesia, Malaysia and other Muslim countries.[…]
In places like Wuzhong and Linxia, officials have created special “Muslim products” industrial parks that offer inexpensive land and low taxes. Mr. Ma’s company, Yijia Ethnic Clothing, is among those that have benefited from favorable government policies.

2016 February 1, Andrew Jacobs, “Light Government Touch Lets China’s Hui Practice Islam in the Open”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-02-01, Asia Pacific:

Chinese President Xi Jinping has sought to reassure ethnic minorities that they are part of Beijing’s “common prosperity” programme during a visit to one of the country’s poorest regions.
Xi made the remarks on Monday in Wuzhong, in the Ningxia Hui autonomous region – home to the Hui Muslim ethnic minority in the country’s northwest, according to state media reports on Wednesday.

2020 June 11, William Zheng, “Chinese President Xi Jinping tries to reassure ethnic minorities they won’t be ‘left behind’”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2020-06-11:

A prefecture-level city of the Ningxia autonomous region, China.


淇濱

→ English: Qibin

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ pin⁵⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ pɐn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ pin⁵⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ pɐn⁵⁵/

Replacement for the name Jiao District 郊區／郊区 (Jiāoqū) from 2001; literally Qi River (淇河) shore.

zh-l

郊區／郊区 (Jiāoqū)

(～區) Qibin (a district of Hebi, Henan, China)

:zh:淇河 (衛河支流)


Ch'ü-fou

From Mandarin 曲阜, Wade–Giles romanization: Chʻü-fou.

There are rumours that the state subsidies hitherto granted at regular intervals for the upkeep of the great sage's temple and tomb at Ch'ü-fou will perhaps be withdrawn, and that in the state schools and colleges reverence is no longer to be paid to the canonised representative of Chinese civilization and moral culture.

1913, Reginald Fleming Johnson, “The "Three Religions" of China”, in Buddhist China, London: John Murray, →OCLC, page 5:

Synonym of Qufu: A county-level city of Jining, Shandong, China.


Pangong Tso

From Tibetan སྤང་གོང་མཚོ (spang gong mtsho).

The Pangong Tso (lake) is about two and a half miles distant from the low ridge of the Surtokh La, or more properly speaking, its natural bar or bund, but the level of the old lake bed extends up to within a very short distance of the pass. A rise of 150 feet in the waters of the present lake would find them again an exit down the valley to Tanksè. A Trigonometrical station lies close to the water's edge, it bears east-south-east from a rock, a quarter mile distant out in the lake, and is marked with a stone having the usual dot and circle cut on it; its height has been determined trigonometrically to be 13,931 feet above the sea. From this mark-stone, a fine view of the first long reach of this elevated and interesting piece of water is obtained. Its colour is of an intense blue, the water as clear as crystal, but far too saline to be drinkable ; there was quite a true salt water feel in the air as the wind blew off it.

1868 [1866 June 16], H. H. Godwin-Austen, “Notes on the PANGONG LAKE district of LADAKH, from journal made in 1863”, in Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, page 87:

From this, 14,800 feet, the slope was easy, and, while descending, light snow fell for about half an hour. Ere long I got my first glimpse of the Pangong Tso, with its great blue bosom everywhere indented by spurs of the lofty mountains round it.

1870 [1869 July 8], J. L. Stewart, “Notes of a Botanical Tour in Ladak or Western Tibet”, in Transactions of the Botanical Society, volume X, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 224:

The same valley leads farther off to the northwest, passes the fjord-like Pangong Tso to the south and then becomes part of the Shyok valley; the Shyok comes down from the Karakorum pass, flows south at first along the Karakorum fault and then swings sharply northwest by the little town of Shyok.

1987, Blanche Christine Olschak, Himalayas: Growing Mountains, Living Myths, Migrating Peoples, Facts on File, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 81:

From May to September there is a bi-weekly JKSRTC bus from Leh to Spangmik, a village on the shore of Pangong Tso, which departs from Leh on Saturday and Sunday at 06.30, returning to Leh the following morning at 07.00.

2014, Sophie Lovell-Hoare, Max Lovell-Hoare, Kashmir (Bradt Guides), →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 139:

Thousands of soldiers have been facing off since April on the Line of Actual Control (LAC), or the de facto border, including at the glacial Pangong Tso lake.

2021 February 21, Sanjeev Miglani, “Hundreds protest S.China project over pollution worries”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-10-11:

An endorheic lake on the border between Leh district, Ladakh, India and Rutog County, Tibet autonomous region, China, with a portion in the disputed Aksai Chin.


Depsang Plains

There is another route from Baltí Púlú to Sarsil from the Depsang Plains, but it is only used in summer, on account of the cold in these plains being very severe in winter.

1868 [1866 April 22], W. H. Johnson, “Report on his Journey to Ilchí, the Capital of Khotan, in Chinese Tartary.”, in The Journal of the Royal Geographic Society of London, volume XXXVII, London: John Murray, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 39:

It seems to me that I entered the hills, from the Indian side, at Barakau on the 25th of June last; that I reached the ‘top’ on the Depsang plains on the 14th of this month; and that to-day I have emerged on the Central Asian side of the hills into the plains of Eastern Turkestan.

1876 [1874 September 27], J. Scully, “A Contribution to the Ornithology of Eastern Turkestan”, in Allan Hume, editor, Stray Feathers: A Journal of Ornithology for India and its Dependencies, volume IV, Calcutta: Calcutta Central Press, →OCLC, page 59:

They were not far now from the “Roof of Asia,” or Depsang Plains, which they reached after crossing the Shyok once more, and making a few more toilsome marches. The approach to this remarkable feature was simply a pass gradually ascending between low sandhills, without a particle of snow, and finally leading on to a desert of undulating slopes, stretching east and west and north, and over the brown rim of which peered the small tops of the highest mountains in the world.

1894 December 1, Charles Murray, 7th Earl of Dunmore, “The Pamirs : being a Narrative of a Year's Expedition on Horseback and on Foot through Kashmir, Western Thibet, Chinese Tartary, and Russian Central Asia”, in The Spectator, number 3,466, page 753, column 1:

The following day I crossed the Depsang plains, 17,000 feet above the level of the sea, and found myself again on the Shyok river, now a very shallow stream.

1895, C. S. Cumberland, “Sporting Wanderings”, in Sport on the Pamirs and Turkistan Steppes, William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, page 18:

Followed two more weeks of marching,—rougher marching this time,—through the core of the lofty mountains that divide India from Central Asia; across the terrible Depsang Plains, seventeen thousand feet up; and over four passes choked with snow; till they came upon a deserted fort, set in the midst of stark space, and knew that here, indeed, was the limit of human habitation. Next day the work of exploration had begun in earnest.

1910, Maud Diver, “The Valley of Decision”, in The Great Amulet, New York: John Lane Company, →OCLC, page 368:

The uplifted western rim of the plateau concealed all the world except a few ice-peaks that lifted above it. One of them was K2, the highest peak in the world bar Mount Everest, but from the Depsang Plains, which are sixteen or seventeen thousand feet, K2 and its companions looked strangely truncated.

1930, Owen Lattimore, “Suget and Karakoram”, in High Tartary, Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, →OCLC, page 345:

Dr Thomson, who was the first Englishman to visit that pass—an 18,000-foot high obstacle astride one of the ancient routes between India and Central Asia—observed to its south-east what are now called the Depsang Plains, the extreme western edge of the desolate wasteland of the northern Tibetan plateau.

1964, Alastair Lamb, “The Aksai Chin Boundary in 1875”, in The China-India Border, Oxford University Press, →OCLC, page 77:

I had to have one last look at the Depsang Plains before we left the next day. No one else seemed particularly enthused, so I set off alone up the long gradual slope behind our cricket pitch. Moving quickly I gained the lip of the plain in forty-five minutes and walked off across its remarkable horizontal surface. So strange a place was it that I felt I could be somewhere as remote and curious as on the moon.

1988, Peter Hillary, Rimo: Mountain on the Silk Road, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 83:

Reports that the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) was constructing a road towards the camp of five tents coincided with the breakdown without resolution of the third “flag meeting” between local commanders from both countries. The two sides are camped within 300 yards of one another in the Depsang plain, a mountainous plateau about 16,000ft above sea level.

[2013 May 3, Francis Elliott, Leo Lewis, “Beijing risks clash with India over a road to row of tents”, in The Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-07-26:

The officials said Chinese troops had advanced in the Depsang Plains, also in Ladakh, in violation of border management and jointly agreed patrolling protocols between the two countries.
Depsang is a strategically important area close to Daulat Beg Oldie, where India in recent years made an airstrip close to China operational.

2020 June 25, Ashok Sharma, Aijaz Hussain, “Indian army chief visits troops near troubled China border”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2023-03-26:

Contrary to reports that reaching a settlement on disengagement at Hot Springs will be easy, this is proving to be a stumbling block. Former military officials say that it is an area that is important to both sides.
“Low hanging fruit? The geography of the area makes it as important as Depsang Plains, if not more. Recall in 1959 the first clash took place here!” Harcharanjit Singh Panag, a retired lieutenant general in the Indian Army tweeted.

2022 March 15, Sudha Ramachandran, “No Breakthrough at 15th Round of China-India Talks”, in The Diplomat, archived from the original on 2022-03-15:

Among the remaining contention points between the two armies is an eastern region called the Depsang Plains. Military analysts said that the Chinese Army was not allowing Indian troops to patrol in that area, even though they have done so for decades. While India’s military is already stretched thin, said Saurav Jha, editor in chief of the Delhi Defense Review, it still needs to keep up a permanent patrol to deter China.

2022 September 9, Sameer Yasir, “2 Years After Deadly Fistfights, India and China Pull Back From Border”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-09-09, Asia Pacific:

A gravelly plain in eastern Ladakh and the disputed Aksai Chin.


長垣

→ English: Changyuan

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ wuːn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ wuːn²¹/

(～縣) Changyuan (a county of Xinxiang, Henan, China)


紫金山

Цзыцзиньшань

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ kɐm⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ kɐm⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

Purple Mountain, Zijin Shan (a mountain located on the east side of Nanjing in Jiangsu province, China)


灕東

/li³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/li³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～街道) Lidong (a subdistrict of Qixing district, Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


波蓮

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵/

(～鎮) Bolian (a town in Lingao, Hainan, China)


犀牛腳

ㄒㄧ ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

ㄒㄧ ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄐㄧㄠˇ

/ɕi⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Xiniujiao (a town and former township in Qinnan district, Qinzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


祁縣

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Qi County, Qixian (a county of Jinzhong, Shanxi, China)


Houjie

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 厚街 (Hòujiē).

In the Tungkun, Sheklung, Yashan and Lungkang areas, they encountered and defeated many groups of 200 to 300 Chinese soldiers and reached the line connecting Howkai, Talanghu, Changmutow and Pingshanhu on the evening of November 23rd.

[1938, Tokyo Gazette, volume 2, →OCLC, page 42:

The township of Houjie, for example, had an official population of 75,000, but was also home to another 100,000 migrant workers who kept its 900 factories producing. Because of this new supply of inexpensive labor, most Houjie natives had given up farming to become managers and entrepreneurs with a lifestyle and level of material consumption unimaginable under Mao. As Nicholas Kristof discovered when he visited the township shortly after my own trip, the local Party chief had long since abandoned ideology in favor of the affectations of a tycoon. Rather than making his appointed rounds in a Chinese-made Liberation-brand truck, he was ensconced in a chauffeur-driven air-conditioned Mercedes-Benz 300SEL complete with a bibiji and dageda. Towns like Houjie were commercial free-fire zones that moguls from postindustrial countries could only dream about.

1994, Orville Schell, Mandate of Heaven: The Legacy of Tiananmen Square and the Next Generation of China's Leaders, Touchstone Books, published 1995, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 337:

According to the peasant workers, Huang's body floated up six days after the incident. As for Li's body, it was discovered 8 km to 9 km downstream at Houjie township. Huang's body was cremated on February 23 at Dongguan Crematorium and Li's was cremated on February 25. Their relatives from Guangxi did not get to Dongguan until February 27 and March 1, respectively. So they did not have a chance to bid farewell before the cremation.

2001, Anita Chan, China's Workers Under Assault: The Exploitation of Labor in a Globalizing Economy, M.E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 40:

The city is divided into thirty-two towns, and each one specializes in manufacturing. Chang’an produces electronic components, Dalang is famous for sweaters, and Houjie makes shoes.

2008, Leslie T. Chang, Factory Girls: From Village to City in a Changing China, New York: Spiegel & Grau, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 19:

The town of Houjie was one of the first within Dongguan prefecture to receive Taiwanese investment.

2010, Karl Gerth, As China Goes, So Goes the World: How Chinese Consumers are Transforming Everything, New York: Hill and Wang, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 71:

In a rundown mall in Houjie, a factory town in the urban sprawl of Dongguan, the HSBC branch stands out with its bright posters and smiling receptionist, but only a handful of customers an hour crossed the threshold during a Reuters visit last week.

2017 April 27, “Empty Pearl River Delta branches a check on HSBC's China plan”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-25, Breaking City News:


茂縣

/mɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/mɐu̯²² jyːn²²/

/mɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/mɐu̯²² jyːn²²/

Mao County, Maoxian (a county of Ngawa prefecture, Sichuan, China)


張家川

Чжанцзячуань

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

～回族自治縣 張家川回族自治縣#Chinese

(～回族自治縣) Zhangjiachuan (a Hui autonomous county of Tianshui, Gansu, China)

(～鎮) Zhangjiachuan (the county town of Zhangjiachuan Autonomous County, Tianshui, Gansu, China)


Chuxiong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 楚雄 (Chǔxióng).

Ch'u-hsiung (alternative)
Chuhsiung (alternative)

Last March, an ideological worker in Yunnan's Chuxiong prefecture complained in a letter to the newspaper in Kunming that "some parents are greedy and sell their daughters as if they were commodities" and some married women abandoned their husbands and children "to seek ease and comfort and to get more money."

1983 January 6 [1983 January 5], Christopher S. Wren, “CHINA STILL FIGHTING AN OLD ABUSE: WOMEN FOR SALE”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, Section A, page 2:

Wen Xueping, a family planning official in Yunnan’s Chuxiong prefecture, said the couple will not be forced to abort the baby but have been warned of the consequences of having it. Couples who violate the child policy face hefty fines and — if they have government jobs — face being sacked.

2015 September 7, Didi Tang, “Chinese woman must choose between 2nd child, husband’s job”, in AP News, sourced from BEIJING (AP), archived from the original on 2025-06-28:

autonomous prefecture
autonomous prefecture

A Yi autonomous prefecture of Yunnan, China.


Shiqi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 石岐 (Shíqí).

“Abalone King” Yeung Koon-yat’s life has changed dramatically from the extreme poverty he was born into in 1932 in Shiqi, a subdistrict of Zhongshan, Guangdong province.

2022 January 9, Susan Jung, “Born poor, Hong Kong’s ‘Abalone King’ worked his way up to found a three-Michelin-star restaurant by perfecting the cooking of the dried delicacy”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-01-09, Food & Drink:

A subdistrict of Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.

Frederick A. Praeger
Shiqi Subdistrict, Guangdong


泰來

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ lɔːi̯²¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ lɔːi̯²¹/

(～縣) Tailai (a county of Qiqhar, Heilongjiang, China)


Bozhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 亳州 (Bózhōu).

Han Shan-t’ung of Pochou, the leading White Lotus propagandist in northern Anhwei, advertised himself to his followers as a descendant of the artist-emperor Sung Hui-tsung (r. 1100-25), whose capture by the Jurchen invaders had ended the Northern Sung dynasty (960-1126).

[1982, Edward L. Dreyer, “The Rise of the Ming Empire, 1352-1368”, in Early Ming China: A Political History, 1355-1435, Stanford, Cali.: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 17:

In the meantime, LGFVs like Anhui Bozhou Jianan Investment Holding Co Ltd, the financing vehicle for the Bozhou city government in Anhui province, one of China's poorest regions, will continue to struggle to service per capita debt that stood at about 3,100 yuan in 2013 from per capita revenue of just 1,635 yuan.

2015 March 9, Koh Gui Qing, Matthew Miller, Beijing Newsroom, Nate Taplin, Pete Sweeney, “China's deficit plans put squeeze on local government financing”, in John Mair, Will Waterman, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2016-06-07:

Finally, Ms. Wang and her boyfriend took an early train to the northwestern city of Bozhou from Shanghai’s Hongqiao station, then car-pooled with other residents to her hometown near Zhoukou in Henan Province.

2023 January 21, Chang Che, John Liu, “China Cautiously Takes to the Road for Lunar New Year”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-01-22:

A prefecture-level city of Anhui, China.


Longnan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 龍南 /龙南 (Lóngnán).

Willie Fung Wai-yiu, chairman of Top Form International, the world's biggest contract brassiere maker, said wages at the company's inland factory in Longnan county, Jiangxi province, have risen at least 35 per cent in the past 18 months.

2006 October 30, Toh Han Shih, “Inland provinces lose edge as factory haven”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2025-01-11:

A county-level city of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China, formerly a county.


Longnan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 隴南 /陇南 (Lǒngnán).

During the tour Comrade Hu Yaobang inspected the two Tibetan autonomous prefectures -- Garze and Aba -- in Sichuan and over a dozen counties and districts of Longnan Special Prefecture [Long nan zhuan qu 7150 0589 1413 0575] in Gansu.[…]
In Longnan Prefecture [Long nan di qu 7150 0589 0966 0575], people have gone all out to grow trees and grass in recent years, creating a new experience in developing mountainous areas.

1985 October 8, Chaoren Guo, Huang Chang Changlu, “Hu Yaobang Revisits Route of Long March”, in Daily Report: China, volume I, number 195, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →ISSN, →OCLC, page K 1:

This form of grassland is mainly located in the mountainous region of Longnan Prefecture, and covers a total area of 12 million mu.

1993, John W. Longworth, Gregory J. Williamson, “Gansu”, in China's Pastoral Region: Sheep and Wool, Minority Nationalities, Rangeland Degradation and Sustainable Development, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 123:

There is the saying, ‘Two heads are better than one’. For example, I talked to over 100 women from different sectors of Longnan Prefecture twice to sensitize them to women’s issues and to build up their confidence. When I was walking down the street, I was often stopped by women who would come up and tell me how much they had changed after they heard my lectures.

1999, Wu Qing, “What I Know about Gender and Development”, in Feminists doing Development: A Practical Critique, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 67:

Thousands of people rioted this week over a resettlement plan in Longnan, a poverty-stricken region of Gansu Province where 1.8 million people were made homeless by the Sichuan earthquake. Protesters in Wudu, a city in Longnan, attacked officials and the police with iron rods, chains, axes and hoes and threw stones, bricks and flowerpots, according to the local government's report of the incident.

2008 October 20, “The Internet drives China to loosen its grip on the media”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-11, Technology:

In nearby Longnan in the neighboring province of Gansu, also jolted by the quake, eight people died in landslides caused by heavy rain, the People’s Daily said.

2017 August 8, Christian Shepherd, David Stanway, Michael Martina, Faith Hung, Ben Blanchard, “Quake in China's Sichuan kills 19, including tourists; injures 247”, in Michael Perry, Clarence Fernandez, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-12, Environment:

The east provinces of Jiangxi and Zhejiang, as well as the northwest city of Longnan, have urged employers to offer the extended weekend so that more people can help to re-energise domestic tourism.

2020 March 26, Charles Bremner, Will Pavia, “Coronavirus: Macron to scrap short working week to ‘win economic war’”, in The Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-08-22:

Landslides backed up a river, trapping 48 people on rooftops in Longnan city in the southern part of Gansu province, according to The Paper, an online news portal.

2020 August 18, “People stranded on rooftops by rain, flooding in China”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-11, Asia & Pacific:

A prefecture-level city of Gansu, China, formerly a prefecture.