ᠴᡝᠩ ᡩᡠ

Chengdu (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, in southwestern China)


Thành Đô

[tʰajŋ̟˨˩ ʔɗo˧˧]

[tʰɛɲ˦˩ ʔɗow˧˧]

[tʰan˨˩ ʔɗow˧˧]


龍目

/lʊŋ³⁵ mu⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ mʊk̚²/

/lʊŋ³⁵ mu⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ mʊk̚²/

(～湖) Longmu (a lake in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China)


Kangding

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 康定 (Kāngdìng).

Kangting (alternative dated)
K'ang-ting (alternative)

The U.S. Geological Survey said the magnitude-5.9 quake hit Saturday about 30 kilometers (20 miles) from the town of Kangding in Sichuan province. China’s seismological agency put the magnitude at 6.3.[…]
No major damage was reported in the town of Kangding, where CCTV video showed residents strolling the town’s streets, looking up at the steep surrounding hillsides and talking on their cellphones.[…]
Kangding and the surrounding county have a population of 129,320 people, about 70 percent of them Tibetan.

2014 November 22, Christopher Bodeen, “Strong quake in west China kills 2; 54 hurt”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-18:

A county-level city of Garzê, Sichuan, southwest China.

康定

county-level city of Sichuan province, China


كشمير

ar-proper noun

كَشْمِير • (kašmīr) m

كَشْمِير (canonical)
kašmīr (romanization)
كَشْمِير (definite diptote informal singular)
كَشْمِيرُ (definite diptote nominative singular)
كَشْمِيرَ (accusative definite diptote singular)
كَشْمِيرَ (definite diptote genitive singular)
قِشْمِير (alternative)

Borrowed from Persian کشمیر (kašmir), possibly through Urdu کشمیر (kaśmīr).

Kashmir (a contested geographic region of South Asia in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, located between (and de facto divided between) India, Pakistan and China)


ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩ ᡥᠣ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ

head

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩ
ᡥᠣ
ᠪᡳᡵᠠ • (hūwang ho bira)

From Chinese 黃河 /黄河 (Huáng Hé) and ᠪᡳᡵᠠ (bira, “river”).

Yellow River, Huang He (a major river in northern China, passing through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces as well as Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions)


Wuchuan

Zheng Ming emphasized the frustration of veterans in describing the background of the July revolt in Wuchuan (formerly Meilu), a poor coastal town of 40,000 in Guangdong Province less than 300 miles west of Hong Kong.[…]
Finally on July 1 while the Communist Party was celebrating its 60th anniversary, more than 3,000 members of the brigade stormed Wuchuan, smashing file cabinets and document drawers in government offices.

1981 December 12, Michael Weisskopf, “3,000 Chinese Veterans Said to Revolt in Protest Over Treatment”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-12-27:

A county-level city of Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.


Wuchuan

Fifteen hundred Chinese bandits comprising one the principal bodies of the irregular forces invading Suiyuan, surrender to Chinese government forces near Wuchuan after a mutiny against their leader, Wang Ying.

1937, “News Summary”, in Philippine Magazine, volume XXXIV, number 1, →OCLC, page 54:

The turbines would be installed at Dayuanshan wind farm in Wuchuan County in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, it said.

2011 June 17, “Vestas says wins 49 MW turbine order in China”, in Mike Nesbit, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-07-04, Green Business News:

A county of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China.


Wuchuan

From Mandarin 婺川, later 務川／务川 (Wùchuān).

zh-l

務川／务川 (Wùchuān)

In Chinese texts the first mention of the Tian of Sizhou occurs in 1107, when a native chief (tuqiu) named Tian Yougong submitted to Song rule; in 1118 he was named head of Sizhou prefecture.⁵¹
Throughout the Tang and Song dynasties the administrative seat of Sizhou prefecture was located near the present-day city of Wuchuan in northern Guizhou, yet the geopolitical jurisdiction of Sizhou extended far south, to the modern cities of Zhenyuan, Taijiang, and Cengong.

2007, John E. Herman, “Mu'ege During the Yuan-Ming Transition”, in Amid the Clouds and Mist: China’s Colonization of Guizhou, 1200–1700 (Harvard East Asian Monographs), number 293, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 95:

An autonomous county of Zunyi, Guizhou, China.


Кашмир

mk-proper noun

Кашмир • (Kašmir) m


Кашмир

ru-proper noun+

Кашми́р • (Kašmír) m inan (genitive Кашми́ра)

Кашми́р (canonical)
Kašmír (romanization)
Кашми́ра (genitive)
Кашми́р (nominative singular)
Кашми́ра (genitive singular)
Кашми́ру (dative singular)
Кашми́р (accusative singular)
Кашми́ром (instrumental singular)
Кашми́ре (prepositional singular)


Кашмир

head

Кашмир • (Kašmir)

tg-proper noun

Кашмир • (Kašmir)


舥艚

/pʰä⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pʰä⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Pacao (a town in Cangnan, Zhejiang, China)


皕宋樓

Chamber of the 200 Song Dynasty [editions]

ㄅㄧˋ ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄌㄡˊ

ㄅㄧˋ ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄌㄡˊ

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ sʊŋ⁵¹ loʊ̯³⁵/

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ sʊŋ⁵¹ loʊ̯³⁵/

Bisong Hall (Qing dynasty-era library in Huzhou, Zhejiang, China, storing books from the Song and Yuan dynasties, built by the book collector Lu Xinyuan (1834-1894))


融安

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Rong'an (a county of Liuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


環江

/xu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/waːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯än³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/waːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

毛南族自治縣 毛南族自治縣#Chinese

(～縣, ～毛南族自治縣) Huanjiang (an autonomous county of Hechi, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


䃮石

/tä³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/tä³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

(～鎮) Dashi (a town in Yun'an district, Yunfu, Guangdong, China)


䃮石

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

(～街道) Tashi (a subdistrict of Longquan, Zhejiang, China)


甘州

/kän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～區) Ganzhou (a district of Zhangye, Gansu, China)

(historical) Ganzhou (a historical prefecture of China, located in moder-day Zhangye, Gansu)


黨城灣

/tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/tɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Dangchengwan (a town in Subei, Jiuquan, Gansu, China)


石包城

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ pɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～鄉) Shibaocheng (a township in Subei, Jiuquan, Gansu, China)


鹽池灣

/jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Yanchiwan (a township in Subei, Jiuquan, Gansu, China)


馬鬃山

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Mazongshan (a town in Subei, Jiuquan, Gansu, China)


Subei

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 肅北 /肃北 (Sùběi).

In western Gansu, including Subei and Minle Counties, the lower part of the Xiaoshihugou Formation contains purple-red, thick- to thin-bedded, fine-grained sandstone.

1986, Mu En-zhi, A. J. Boucot, Chen Xu, Rong Jia-yu, Correlation of the Silurian Rocks of China, Geological Society of America, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 32:

CHINA Some of China's main nuclear facilities: Subei: Jiuquan Atomic Energy Complex, including plutonium production and weapons assembly.

1998 May 14, Kenneth J. Cooper, “INDIA CONDUCTS 2ND ROUND OF NUCLEAR TESTS”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-08-27:

Twenty two people have been put in quarantine in Subei county near Jiuquan after a man died last week from pneumonic plague, the West China Business News reports. The national health authorities have sent experts to help deal with the case.

2014 October 19, “Row over smoke from dog meat eatery; dad stabs son, 9, over bed-wetting; teens rescued from sex trade”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-10-21, China Insider:

A Mongol autonomous county in Jiuquan, Gansu, China.

肅北 /肃北

Mongol autonomous county in western China


كۈمۈش

head

كۈمۈش • (kümüsh)

→ English: Kümüx, Kumux

From Proto-Turkic *kümüĺ (“silver”).
Cognates
Azerbaijani gümüş
Crimean Tatar kümüş
Gagauz gümüş
Karachay-Balkar кюмюш (kümüş)
Karakalpak gúmis
Kazakh күміс (kümıs)
Khakas кӱмӱс (kümüs)
Kumyk гюмюш (gümüş)
Kyrgyz күмүш (kümüş)
Nogai куьмис (kümis)
Old Turkic 𐰚𐰇𐰢𐱁 (kümüš)
Shor кӱмӱш (kümüš)
Southern Altai кӱмӱш (kümüš)
Turkish gümüş
Uzbek kumush
Yakut көмүс (kömüs)

cog

Shor кӱмӱш (kümüš)

col

Old Turkic <i class="Orkh mention" lang="otk">𐰚𐰇𐰢𐱁</i> (kümüš)

Karachay-Balkar <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="krc">кюмюш</i> (kümüş)

Kumyk <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="kum">гюмюш</i> (gümüş)

Karakalpak <i class="Latn mention" lang="kaa">gúmis</i>

Nogai <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="nog">куьмис</i> (kümis)

Kazakh <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="kk">күміс</i> (kümıs)

Southern Altai <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="alt">кӱмӱш</i> (kümüš)

Kyrgyz <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="ky">күмүш</i> (kümüş)

Shor <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="cjs">кӱмӱш</i> (kümüš)

Khakas <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="kjh">кӱмӱс</i> (kümüs)

Crimean Tatar <i class="Latn mention" lang="crh">kümüş</i>

Azerbaijani <i class="Latn mention" lang="az">gümüş</i>

Gagauz <i class="Latn mention" lang="gag">gümüş</i>

Turkish <i class="Latn mention" lang="tr">gümüş</i>

Uzbek <i class="Latn mention" lang="uz">kumush</i>

Yakut <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="sah">көмүс</i> (kömüs)

Kümüx, Kumishi (a town in Toksun, Turpan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


涇陽

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/kɪŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Jingyang (a county of Xianyang, Shaanxi, China)


Pequin

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


北辰

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ sɐn²¹/

/pɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sin²⁴/

/pɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sin²⁴/

/pɔk̚³²⁻⁵ sin¹³/

/pɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sin²⁴/

/pɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sin²³/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ sɐn²¹/

/pɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sin²⁴/

/pɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ sin²⁴/

/pɔk̚³²⁻⁵ sin¹³/

/pɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sin²⁴/

/pɔk̚³²⁻⁴ sin²³/

(～區) Beichen (a district of Tianjin, China)


阿拉山口

/ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ laːi̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

(～市) Alashakou (a county-level city of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Сіньцзян

be-proper noun

Сіньцзя́н<sg>

Сіньцзя́н • (Sinʹczján) m inan (genitive Сіньцзя́на, uncountable)

Сіньцзя́н (canonical)
Sinʹczján (romanization)
Сіньцзя́на (genitive)
Сіньцзя́н (nominative singular)
Сіньцзя́на (genitive singular)
Сіньцзя́ну (dative singular)
Сіньцзя́н (accusative singular)
Сіньцзя́нам (instrumental singular)
Сіньцзя́не (locative singular)

be-ndecl

Сіньцзя́н<sg>

Xinjiang (a Uyghur autonomous region of China, located in the sparsely populated northwest)


شاپتۇل

→ English: Shaptul (“the town's name”)

ug:شاپتۇل بازىرى

Shaptul, Xiaputule (a town in Payzawat, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Baisha

From the Mandarin 白沙 (Báishā, literally “white sand”).

bor

Pai-sha (alternative)
Paisha (alternative)

A Li autonomous county in Hainan, China.

A town in Minhou, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.

A town in Hanjiang district, Putian, Fujian, China.

A town in Xinluo district, Longyan, Fujian, China.

A town in Jishui, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China.

A town in Zhongmu, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.

A town in Yichuan, Luoyang, Henan, China.

A town in Yangxin, Huangshi, Hubei, China.

A town in Xiaochang, Xiaogan, Hubei, China.

A town in Changning, Hengyang, Hunan, China.

A town in Xinning, Shaoyang, Hunan, China.

A town in Luxi, Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China.

A town in Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China.

A town in Leizhou, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.

A town in Yingde, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China.

A town in Yangshuo, Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China.

A town in Hepu, Beihai, Guangxi autonomous region, China.

A town in Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi autonomous region, China.

A town in Fuchuan, Hezhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China.

A town in Liujiang district, Liuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China.

A town in Jiangjin district, Chongqing, China.

A town in Nanchuan district, Chongqing, China.

A town in Shuangliu district, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

A town in Hejiang, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.

A town in Wanyuan, Dazhou, Sichuan, China.

A town in Shiqian, Tongren, Guizhou, China.

A town in Qingshui, Tianshui, Gansu, China.

A town in Yulong, Lijiang, Yunnan, China.

A township in Pu'an, Qianxinan prefecture, Guizhou, China.

A subdistrict of Jiangbei district, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.

A subdistrict of Sanyuan district, Sanming, Fujian, China.

A subdistrict of Pengjiang district, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China.

A subdistrict of Jiangcheng district, Yangjiang, Guangdong, China.

A subdistrict of Meilan district, Haikou, Hainan, China.


穿山

→ Zhuang: Conhsanh

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰon²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰon²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

a mountain in Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China

(～街道, formerly ～鄉) Chuanshan (a subdistrict, a former township in Qixing district, Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Chuanshan (a town in Liujiang district, Liuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


馬關

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Maguan (a county of Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan, China)


ئۇزۇن

head

ئۇزۇن • (uzun)

ug:ئۇزۇن بازىرى

Uzun, Wuzun (a town in Kuqa, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


金雞湖

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³³ ɦu²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³³ ɦu²¹/

Jinji Lake (a lake in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China)


Nansi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 南四.

Nansi Lake is also part of the South-North Water Transfer Project, a multi-billion dollar effort to move Yangtze River water through canals and reservoirs into the Yellow River watershed in arid northern China. Nansi Lake helps convey some of that water and serves as a storage point on the project’s eastern route, which began operating in December 2013.

2014 March 21, “Nansi Lake, China”, in NASA, archived from the original on 2019-07-02:

Nansi Lake is also a recipient of medical, sewage treatment plant, livestock and aquaculture wastewater, which are the major sources of antibiotic pollution. In 2009, the aquaculture area of the Nansi Lake Basin reached 735.01 km2 with 0.495 million fishery products, and the numbers of cows, pigs and chickens were 0.95, 7.2 and 105 million heads, respectively (Wang et al., 2015). According to the report, the amount of antibiotics in medical wastewater in Jining is as high as μg·L−1 (Sun, 2015), and antibiotics have been found in pig faeces from a farm in Heze, which had the highest concentration of 764.4 mg kg−1 (Pan et al., 2011). The wastewater is mainly transmitted through inflowing rivers into Nansi Lake, and approximately 200,000 m3 of domestic sewage and 600,000 m3 of industrial wastewater are discharged every day (Wang et al., 2016a, 2016b).

2020 March, Guodong Zhang, Xiaohuii Liu, Shaoyang Lu, Jinpeng Zhang, Weiliang Wang, “Occurrence of typical antibiotics in Nansi Lake’s inflowing rivers and antibiotic source contribution to Nansi Lake based on principal component analysis-multiple linear regression model”, in Chemosphere, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-02-22:

Nansi Lake Basin is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, China, which is a typical area affected by fluorosis due to high F⁻ in drinking water. It is reported high fluoride groundwater is widely distributed in the plain area on the west side of the Nansi Lake, and its prevalence is closely related to the hydrogeological conditions, climate, and geomorphology (Liu et al., 2021; Xu et al., 2020; Gao et al., 2019; Liu et al., 2018).

2023 December 15, Chunli Su, Mengzhu Wang, Xianjun Xie, Zhantao Han, Jiaqi Jiang, Zhen Wang, Dawei Xiao, “Natural and anthropogenic factors regulating fluoride enrichment in groundwater of the Nansi Lake Basin, Northern China”, in Science of the Total Environment, volume 904, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-04-15:


新化

→ English: Hsin-hua, Sinhua, Xinhua

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ faː³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ faː³³/

(～縣) Xinhua (a county of Loudi, Hunan, China)


塔什庫爾干

ㄊㄚˇ ㄕˊ ㄎㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄍㄢ

ㄊㄚˇ ㄕˊ ㄎㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄍㄢ

Ташикуэргань

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ kʰu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːp̚³ sɐp̚² fuː³³ jiː¹³ kɔːn⁵⁵/

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ kʰu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kän⁵⁵/

/tʰaːp̚³ sɐp̚² fuː³³ jiː¹³ kɔːn⁵⁵/

～塔吉克自治縣 塔什庫爾干塔吉克自治縣#Chinese

Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County
w:Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County

(～塔吉克自治縣) Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County, Tashiku'ergan (a county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County#English

(～鎮) Tashkurgan (a town in Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


塔什庫爾干塔吉克自治縣

ㄊㄚˇ ㄕˊ ㄎㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄍㄢ ㄊㄚˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

taap³ sap⁶ fu³ ji⁵ gon¹ taap³ gat¹ hak¹ zi⁶ zi⁶ jyun⁶

ㄊㄚˇ ㄕˊ ㄎㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄍㄢ ㄊㄚˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

Ташикуэргань Тацзикэ Цзычжисянь

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ kʰu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kän⁵⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

taap sahp fu yíh gōn taap gāt hāk jih jih yuhn

taap⁸ sap⁹ fu³ ji⁵ gon¹ taap⁸ gat⁷ hak⁷ dzi⁶ dzi⁶ jyn⁶

tab³ seb⁶ fu³ yi⁵ gon¹ tab³ ged¹ heg¹ ji⁶ ji⁶ yun⁶

/tʰaːp̚³ sɐp̚² fuː³³ jiː¹³ kɔːn⁵⁵ tʰaːp̚³ kɐt̚⁵ hɐk̚⁵ t͡siː²² t͡siː²² jyːn²²/

Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County (an autonomous county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Bayingolin

Borrowed from Uyghur بايىنغولىن (bayin'gholin), from Mongolian ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠭᠣᠣᠯ (bayanɣool).

Now Korla City has a population of more than 100,000 and well-developed industry and commerce. It is the capital of Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture which covers one quarter of the area of Xinjiang.

1989, Che Muqi (车慕奇), 丝绸之路今昔 [The Silk Road, Past and Present], Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 209:

Korla is the capital of the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang. The largest prefecture in all of China, Bayingolin is roughly the size of California.

1995, Alan A. Lew, Lawrence Yu, editors, Tourism in China, Westview Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 197:

Police have now rounded up 19 people in Kashgar, Urumqi and another part of Xinjiang called Bayingolin, the official Xinhua news agency said late on Monday.

2013 April 29, Ben Blanchard, “China says detains 19, seizes weapons after Xinjiang unrest”, in Stephen Coates, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2020-02-22, World News:

In 2002, the desert road extended to the Qiemo County of Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, and the government mobilized farmers to adjust planting structure immediately with an annual increase of 12,000 mu of jujubes.

2014, 李欣凭 [Li Xinping], 活力新疆 [Modern Xinjiang], Beijing: China Intercontinental Press (五洲传播出版社), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 8:

Actors perform during a jujube harvest festival in Qiemo County, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Oct. 19, 2019. Qiemo County, situated in the Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Bayingolin and on the edge of the Tarim Basin, is known for high-quality jujube production.

2019 October 20, “Jujube harvest festival held in Qiemo County, China's Xinjiang”, in Li Xia, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2019-12-07:

A Mongol autonomous prefecture in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

巴音郭楞

a Mongol autonomous prefecture in Xinjiang


墩闊坦

ㄉㄨㄣ ㄎㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄢˇ

ㄉㄨㄣ ㄎㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄢˇ

/tu̯ən⁵⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tu̯ən⁵⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Dunkuotan (a township in Yuli, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


喀爾曲尕

ㄎㄚ ㄦˇ ㄑㄩ ㄍㄚˇ

ㄎㄚ ㄦˇ ㄑㄩ ㄍㄚˇ

/kʰä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ kä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ kä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Ka'erquga (a township in Yuli, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


古勒巴格

ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄜˋ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜˊ

ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄜˋ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜˊ

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Gulbagh (a town in Yarkant, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)

(～鄉) Gulebage (a township in Yuli, Bayingolin Prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


石碼

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² maː¹³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² maː¹³/

(～街道, formerly ～鎮) Shima (a subdistrict of Longhai, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)


ཁུ་ཁེ་རྲོའུར

From Mongolian ᠬᠥᠬᠡ
ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ (köke naɣur), Хөхнуур (Xöxnuur).

Qinghai (a province in northwestern China)

Qinghai, Qinghai Lake (a large lake in Qinghai province, the largest in China)


Fengshan

From the Wade–Giles romanization of the Mandarin 鳳山 /凤山 (Fêng⁴-shan¹), reinforced by Hanyu Pinyin.

On 20 April, 1991, while collecting taxes in Xiahe Township, Yao Yuanling, a tax assistant at Fengshan County, Guangxi, was hit on the head—with an ax—by a scoundrel, and died in the line of duty.

1993 August 4 [1993 May 21], Shi Qian, “The Black Hole in the State's Tax Revenues”, in JPRS Report: China, number 93-056, United States Joint Publications Research Service, sourced from Beijing ZHONGGUO XINXI BAO p 4, translation of original in Chinese, →OCLC, page 29, column 2:

Huang Deyi, 51, a deputy city mayor in Guangxi autonomous region, stood trial this week after he confessed to taking more than 5 million yuan (HK$6 million) in bribes over six years, the Nanguo Morning News reported.
The fall of Huang Deyi, 51, followed residents’ complaints that he had spent 50 million yuan to have the giant fresco carved at the entry to Fengshan county, which he headed at the time, in the northwest of the scenic but impoverished region.

2015 November 29, Sidney Leng, “Chinese official blames drunkeness for bribe-taking amid scandal over giant phoenix mural that led to his fall”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-11-29, Society:

A county of Hechi, Guangxi autonomous region, China.


若羌

/ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːk̚² kœːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːk̚² kœːŋ⁵⁵/

Homophonous replacement for 婼羌 (Ruòqiāng) in 1959.

(～縣) Ruoqiang (a county of Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Ruoqiang (a town in Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


祁曼塔格

ㄑㄧˊ ㄇㄢˋ ㄊㄚˇ ㄍㄜˊ

ㄑㄧˊ ㄇㄢˋ ㄊㄚˇ ㄍㄜˊ

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ män⁵¹ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ män⁵¹ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɤ³⁵/

(～鄉) Qimantag (a township in Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


瓦石峽

desc

→ English: Waxxari, Washixia, Wa-shih-hsia

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Waxxari, Washixia (a town in Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)

(～社區) Waxxari, Washixia (a residential community in Waxxari, Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


依吞布拉克

ㄧ ㄊㄨㄣ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄧ ㄊㄨㄣ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜˋ

/i⁵⁵ tʰu̯ən⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/i⁵⁵ tʰu̯ən⁵⁵ pu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(～鎮) Qilanbulak, Yitunbulake (a town in Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


吾塔木

/u³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/

/u³⁵ tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/

(～鄉) Wutamu (a township in Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Ruoqiang

/ˌɹwoʊˈt͡ʃjɑŋ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 若羌 (Ruòqiāng).

Jochiang (alternative)
Jo-chiang (alternative)
Jo-ch'iang (alternative)

The satellite photo captured on May 13 in Xinjiang's Ruoqiang county shows the dummy target with twin engines and a large, disc-shaped radar on its fuselage parked on a runway. It appears to be surrounded by a number of smaller fighter aircraft.

2022 May 24, John Feng, “Satellite Images Hint at China's Taiwan Invasion Plans”, in Newsweek, archived from the original on 2022-05-25, World:

A county of Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

A town in Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


寶天曼

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ män⁵¹/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ män⁵¹/

Baotianman
w:Baotianman National Nature Reserve

Baotianman (a national nature reserve in Nanyang, Henan, China)


鐵干里克

ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄍㄢ ㄌㄧˇ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄍㄢ ㄌㄧˇ ㄎㄜˋ

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kän⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kän⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Tieganlike (a town in Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


鐵木里克

ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄎㄜˋ

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(～鄉) Tomorlog, Tiemulike (a township in Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


阿熱勒

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʐɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʐɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Aral, Arele (a town in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Aral, Arele (a town in Onsu, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Aral, Arele (a town in Qinggil, Altay prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)

(～鄉) Aral, Arele (a township in Yutian, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Aral, Arele (a township in Yarkant, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


塔提讓

→ English: Tatirang

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵ ʐɑŋ⁵¹/

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵ ʐɑŋ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Uyghur تاتىراڭ (tatirang).

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Tatrang, Tatirang (a town in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)

(～村) a village in Zangguy, Guma, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China


阿羌

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Aqqan, Aqiang (a town in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)

(～鄉) Aqqan, Aqiang (a township in Yutian, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


鹽邊

/jɛn³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yanbian (a county of Panzhihua, Sichuan, China)


奧依亞依拉克

Àoyīyà Yīlākè

Àoyīyǎ Yīlākè

ㄠˋ ㄧ ㄧㄚˋ ㄧ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄠˋ ㄧ ㄧㄚˇ ㄧ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜˋ

Àoyīyà Yīlākè

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ i⁵⁵ jä⁵¹ i⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Àoyīyǎ Yīlākè

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ i⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ i⁵⁵ jä⁵¹ i⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ i⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Uyghur ئوييايلاق (oyyaylaq) meaning summer prairie.

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Aoyiya Yilake (a town in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)

(～村) Aoyiya Yilake (a village in Aoyiya Yilake, Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


塔中

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Tazhong (a town in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


瓊庫勒

ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄎㄨˋ ㄌㄜˋ

ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄎㄨˋ ㄌㄜˋ

/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

(～鄉) Qiongkule (a township in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


巴格艾日克

ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜˊ ㄞˋ ㄖˋ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜˊ ㄞˋ ㄖˋ ㄎㄜˋ

/pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(～鄉) Bage Airike, Bage'airike (a township in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


英吾斯塘

/iŋ⁵⁵ u³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/iŋ⁵⁵ u³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

(～鄉) Yengiostang, Yingwusitang (a township in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Yengiostang, Yingwusitang (a township in Maralbexi, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Yengiostang, Yingwusitang (a township in Yarkant, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～村) Yengiostang, Yingwusitang (a village in Teram, Yopurga, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


阿克提坎墩

ㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄧˊ ㄎㄢˇ ㄉㄨㄣ

ㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄧˊ ㄎㄢˇ ㄉㄨㄣ

Акэтиканьдунь

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ tʰi³⁵ kʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ tʰi³⁵ kʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ən⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Aketi Kandun, Aketikandun (a township in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


闊什薩特瑪

ㄎㄨㄛˋ ㄕˊ ㄙㄚˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄇㄚˇ

ㄎㄨㄛˋ ㄕˊ ㄙㄚˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄇㄚˇ

/kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Kuoshi Satema, Kuoshisatema (a township in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


庫拉木勒克

ㄎㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄇㄨˋ ㄌㄜˋ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄎㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄇㄨˋ ㄌㄜˋ ㄎㄜˋ

/kʰu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/kʰu⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(～鄉) Koramlik, Kula Muleke (a township in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Qiemo

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 且末.

Chiehmo (alternative)
Ch'ieh-mo (alternative)

To-hu-ti-jou-tzu (Uighur), chief of Kaochao production brigade in the Hunghsing Commune, Chiehmo County, said: Lin Piao hoisted Confucius' tattered banner and clamored about "restoring the rites" in order to reinstate the overthrown landlords, rich peasants, reactionaries, bad elements, and rightists and to make us suffer again.

[1974 March 8 [1974 March 4], “Sinkiang Meeting on Tachai Criticizes Theories of Lin, Confucius”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 47, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA Domestic Service, translation of original in Chinese, →ISSN, →OCLC, People's Republic of China: Northwest Region, page H 1:

These buses stop at the oasis towns of Keriya (Yutian; 177km/110 miles; 3 hr.; ¥25), Niya (Minfeng; 294km/182 miles; 5 hr.; ¥55), and Charchan (Qiemo; 603km/374 miles; 8-10 hr.; ¥105-¥147).

2012, Simon Foster, Candice Lee, Jen Lin-Liu, Beth Reiber, Tini Tran, Lee Wing-sze, Christopher D. Winnan, Frommer's China, 5th edition, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 329:

A county of Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

A town in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


民豐

/min³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/min³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Minfeng, Niya (a county of Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


若克雅

ㄖㄨㄛˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄧㄚˇ

ㄖㄨㄛˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄧㄚˇ

/ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Rokiya, Ruokeya (a township in Minfeng, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


薩勒吾則克

ㄙㄚˋ ㄌㄜˋ ㄨˊ ㄗㄜˊ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄙㄚˋ ㄌㄜˋ ㄨˊ ㄗㄜˊ ㄎㄜˋ

/sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹ u³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹ u³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Uyghur سالغوزەك (salghozek).

(～鄉) Salgozak, Salewuzeke (a township in Minfeng, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


安迪爾

/ˀän⁵⁵ ti³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ti³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Andir, Andi'er (a township in Minfeng, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Niya

尼雅

county in Hotan, Xinjiang, China; town in Minfeng, Hotan, Xinjiang, China; township in Minfeng, Hotan, Xinjiang, China

There are 616 party members in the Niya county; 532 are Uighur. The Youth League here has 1,175 members; 1,035 are Uighur. I am the secretary of the party committee; four of the seven members are Uighur.

1979, Jan Myrdal, translated by Ann Hening, The Silk Road: A Journey from the High Pamirs and Ili through Sinkiang and Kansu, New York: Pantheon Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 160:

There's also a bus from Khotan which stays overnight at Niya and starts at about 7.30am, but not every day. On a good day Charchan is 307km, 7½ hours, and ¥20 away. On a bad one it's ¥33 ($4) and 12 hours, depending on who's selling the ticket and the state of the bus.

1997, Peter Neville-Hadley, China the Silk Routes (Cadogan Guides), Globe Pequot Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 306:

2012, Simon Foster, Candice Lee, Jen Lin-Liu, Beth Reiber, Tini Tran, Lee Wing-sze, Christopher D. Winnan, Frommer's China (Frommer's), 5th edition, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 329:

The beer festival happened in a village in Niya County in the deep south of Xinjiang, which is overwhelmingly populated by the Muslim Uighur people who call Xinjiang home. Muslims are not meant to consume alcohol, according to the Koran.

2015 June 22, Ben Blanchard, “Exiles angered as China holds beer festival in Muslim county”, in Paul Tait, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2019-08-17, Emerging Markets:

A Uyghur woman named Turakhan who lives in a suburban village of Niya (in Chinese, Minfeng) county in Hotan (Hetian) prefecture told RFA’s Uyghur Service on Wednesday that the village chief and police had informed all residents about “the list of forbidden Muslim names.”

2015, Roseanne Gerin, reporter Eset Sulaiman, “Chinese Authorities Ban Muslim Names Among Uyghurs in Hotan”, in Eset Sulaiman, editor, Radio Free Asia:

A county of Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

In the south, the border of the Taklamakān lies along the nothern ends of the oases, mostly small, which line at intervals the foot of the K'un-lun glacis from Karghalik to Niya (Sheets Nos. 6, 9, 14, 19).

1923, Aurel Stein, Memoir on Maps of Chinese Turkistan and Kansu from the Surveys Made during Sir Aurel Stein's Explorations, Dehra Dun: Trigonometrical Survey Office, page 43:

Jiapaer Sadik Mazar
The mazar built on the pretext of the Shia Imam of the sixth generation Jiapaer Sadik, which is also called “Minfeng Grand Mazar”, is located in Niya Town of Minfeng County with an unknown building time.

2014, 于尚平 [Yu Shangping], editor, The Diversity of Xinjiang, Beijing: China Intercontinental Press (五洲传播出版社), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 173:

A town in Minfeng, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

A township in Minfeng, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


于田

/y³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/y³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Yutian, Keriya (a county of Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Yutian

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 于田 (Yútián).

Yutien (alternative)
Yu-tien (alternative)
Yü-tien (alternative)
Yü-t'ien (alternative)

Authorities at the Yutian (Keriye) County Agricultural Bureau, Hoten district, called for each work unit to strengthen "management" of bureau staff and retired workers and to guarantee they "don't believe in religion, attend religious activities, or fast," according to an August 3 report on the Agricultural Bureau's Web site.

2011, “Xinjiang Authorities Implement Ramadan Curbs Amid Renewed Pledges for Tight Controls Over Religion”, in Congressional-Executive Commission on China:

2012, Frommer's China (Frommer's), 5th edition, Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., →ISBN, →OCLC, page 329:

Initial reports from the three villages nearest to the epicenter indicated that “there have been no injuries or deaths, and only some homes were cracked,” said Xinhua, the state-run news agency, citing an unidentified county official in Yutian. But officials and the police were still trying to find out if more isolated homes and herders suffered any harm, Xinhua said.
Yutian County has 220,000 residents across 15,000 square miles, and the vast majority are Uighur, a largely Muslim people who call the county Keriya.

2014 February 12, Chris Buckley, “Earthquake Strikes Remote Area of China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-02-14, Asia Pacific:

Gulnisahan Tohti, who has been growing grapes for more than two decades in the township of Langan, Yutian County, never would have imagined that grape leaves would be sold at a higher price than grapes.

2019 September 10, “Across China: Grape leaves become commodity hot in Xinjiang”, in mingmei, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2019-12-11:


Yutian

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 于闐 (Yútián).

A former name for a county of Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


科克亞

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Kokyar, Kekeya (a township in Yutian, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


阿日希

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Arix, Arixi (a township in Yutian, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


斯也克

/sz̩⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(～鄉) Siyak, Siyeke (a township in Yutian, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


托格日尕孜

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄍㄜˊ ㄖˋ ㄍㄚˇ ㄗ

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄍㄜˊ ㄖˋ ㄍㄚˇ ㄗ

Тогэжи Гацзы

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ kä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹ kä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Togragaz, Tagdaxman, Tuogeri Gazi (a township in Yutian, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


喀拉克爾

ㄎㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄦˇ

ㄎㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄦˇ

/kʰä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Karaki, Kalake’er (a township in Yutian, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


奧依托格拉克

ㄠˋ ㄧ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄠˋ ㄧ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜˋ

Аоито Гэлакэ

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ i⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ i⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Uyghur ئويتوغراق (oytoghraq).

(～鄉) Oytograk (a township in Yutian, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


英巴格

/iŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/iŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

(～鄉) Yengibag, Yingbage (a township in Yutian, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


希吾勒

/ɕi⁵⁵ u³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ u³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

(～鄉) Xiwule (a township in Yutian, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


達里雅布依

ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ ㄅㄨˋ ㄧ

ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄧㄚˇ ㄅㄨˋ ㄧ

/tä³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ i⁵⁵/

/tä³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹ i⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Uyghur دەريا بويى (derya boyi, literally “big river”).

bor

Blood samples from Keriya people were collected from Darya Boyi in Yutian County (39 examples);

February 2018, 刘树虎，伊力哈木·乃扎木，热比亚木·巴克，布帕提玛穆·阿布都克热穆，多力坤·买买提玉素甫, 应用 Y 染色体 SNP 对新疆三个隔离人群遗传多样性的研究, DOI 10.16359/j.cnki.cn11-1963/q.2017.0067, p.148

kèlǐyǎ rén xuèyàng cǎi zì Yútián Xiàn Dálǐyǎ Bùyī Xiāng (39 lì);

克里雅人血樣採自于田縣達里雅布依鄉（39例）；

克里雅人血样采自于田县达里雅布依乡（39例）；

(～鄉) Darya Boyi, Tongguzbasti, Daliya Buyi, Daliya Boyi (a township in Yutian, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Togragaz

A student practices dancing at home in Togragaz Township of Yutian County, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Aug. 25, 2019.

2019 September 8, “Xinjiang helps impoverished farmers, herders relocate to eradicate absolute poverty”, in mingmei, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2019-12-12:

A man cleans the courtyard at Togragaz Township in Yutian County, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Aug. 25, 2019

2019 December 6, “Measures carried out in poverty-stricken villages in China's Xinjiang to improve locals' living standards”, in zh, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2019-12-06:

Photo taken on May 22, 2020 shows the inside view of a villager's house in Togragaz Village of Togragaz Township, Hotan Prefecture, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

2020 June 22, “Villagers relish modern life in new houses in Xinjiang”, in State Council Information Office, archived from the original on 2021-02-11:

A township in Yutian, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


Darya Boyi

DAYBREAK in the village of Darya Boyi finds a daughter doing chores (left).

2009 December, Matthew Teague, “The Other Tibet”, in National Geographic Magazine, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 47:

The Keriya River, which stretched in the 1950s to the dunes of the Taklimakan Desert, about 240 km north of Keriya Town, today barely reaches the village of Darya Boyi, 120 km away from Keriya Town.

2010, Yalikun Tashi, Philippe C. Chamard, Marie-Françoise Courel, Tashpolat Tiyip, Yiliminuer Tuerxun, Sam Drake, The Recent Evolution of the Oasis Environment in the Taklimakan Desert, China, Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC; republished as Water and Sustainability in Arid Regions, 2009, page 71:

A resettlement housing area for villagers from Darya Boyi Town in Yutian County, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, November 19, 2019.

2021 February 27, Dennis Etler, “What the U.S. can learn from China”, in CGTN, archived from the original on 2021-02-27:


Arele

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 阿熱勒／阿热勒 (Ārèlè).

zh-l

阿熱勒／阿热勒 (Ārèlè)

Area with shaking intensity VI is about 43000 km2, which includes Minfeng, Yutian County, Bositan, Nuer, Arele, Yingbage, Niya, Salewuzeke town, etc.

2015 June, Kun (陈鲲), et al. Chen, “2014年2月12日新疆于田7.3级地震震动图 [Shakemap of the Yutian, Xinjiang M7.3 earthquake on 12 Feb 2014]”, in 地震地质 [Dizhen Dizhi], volume 37, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-02-20:


加依

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ i⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ i⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Jiayi (a township in Yutian, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


婼羌

/ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

Ruoqiang (an ancient kingdom in the Xinjiang autonomous region)

(～縣) Old name for 若羌 (Ruòqiāng, “Ruoqiang (a county of Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)”).


Kokyar

Kök-yar (alternative)
Kök Yar (alternative)

On Feb. 16, authorities in nearby Keriye (Yutian) county announced a move to add 254 additional auxiliary members to its police force, with 204 jobs reserved for ethnic Uyghurs and 50 spaces held for Han Chinese, local media reports said. Speaking to RFA, a police officer in Keriye’s Kokyar township confirmed the recruitment drive was under way. “More than 200 [auxiliary] policemen will be recruited soon to patrol the roads, streets, and neighborhoods day and night,” RFA’s source said. “They will also be stationed at various checkpoints to check people coming into the township and other townships in the county.”

2017, Richard Finney, reporter Eset Sulaiman, “Xinjiang Police Launch Recruitment Drive Following Uyghur Knife Attack”, in Mamatjan Juma, transl., Radio Free Asia:

Next day we marched to Kokyar, twelve miles. Route west, across a sandy ridge two miles off, and then up the gully of the Kokyar river, which flows in a narrow winding valley from south to north, between high ridges of sand and gravel, to the town itself which is the capital of this district.

1875, H. W. Bellew, Kashmir and Kashghar: A Narrative of the Journey of the Embassy to Kashghar in 1873-74, London: Trübner & Co., →OCLC, page 391:

As it was already later in the year, we had chosen the winter route (zamistani) over Kokyar.

1926, Albert von Le Coq, translated by Anna Barwell, Buried Treasures of Chinese Turkestan, George Allen & Unwin, →OCLC, page 153:

Brodie lent only half an ear. He was eying the wall map, comparing it with what he had seen from the chopper. He picked out the three nearest towns—Yarkand, Karghalik, and Kokyar—running north to south. Everything inside a huge semicircle bounded on the west by the Yarkand River and the southeast by the Kunlun Mountains was shaded. That must be the barbed-wire zone guarded by the army. Kokyar lay inside with more than a hundred other villages and hamlets. In this sector a narrow swath marked in red ran northeast, broadening into a shape like the flyswatter Yao was turning in his fingers. Brodie had heard traffice last night, and the map showed a road from Yarkand through Karghalik and Kokyar to the frontier, obviously a military road taking heavy traffic. Yao had laid down his flyswatter and swiveled around to point to a dot slightly west of Kokyar. "We are here, if you are interested, Mr. Brodie," he murmured.

1978, Hugh McLeave, A Borderline Case, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 148:

A township in Kargilik, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


Qira

Passing through Qira County on our way, we were asked to stay by Wang Yijun, Director of the Office of the County Party Committee. He said he was an amateur archaeologist and an old acquaintance of Li Yuchun’s. In 1978 the two men had gone together to the desert in northern Qira County to survey a buried ancient city.

1989, 车慕奇 [Che Muqi], “Visit to an Ancient City Buried in the Desert”, in 丝绸之路今昔 [The Silk Road, Past and Present], Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, Newly Discovered Relics in the Desert, page 293:

Tamarix forests not only effectively control local sand movement, wind erosion and disasters caused by wind-blown sand, but can also stop sand grains brought by the wind. For example, on the 3333.3 hectacres of planted Tamarix forest at the outer Qira Oasis with 60-70% coverage, the annual sand-blocking amount can reach 700,000 m³. When the wind passes through a Tamarix forest, besides blocking sand, the twigs and leaves of the trees also obstruct the passage of the dust in the air, improving the health situation of humans and livestock. For example, when the wind velocity is 15 m/s, the dust content at 2m height is 1/18 of the content measured at the same height in the outer oasis (observed at Qira County in 1987).

2001, Wenjiang Liu, Mingting Liu, “Reversing Desertification with Tamarix in China”, in Dov Pasternak, Arnold Schlissel, editors, Combating Desertification with Plants, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 310:

A county of Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

A town in Qira, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

A township in Qira, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


Qaka

恰哈

township in Qira, Hotan, Xinjiang, China


恰哈

/t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹ xä⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹ xä⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Qaka, Qiaha (a township in Qira, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


達瑪溝

/tä³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ koʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tä³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ koʊ̯⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Damiku, Damagou (a township in Qira, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


博斯坦

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ tʰän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Bostan, Bositan (a town in Toksun, Turpan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)

(～鄉) Bostan, Bositan (a township in Qira, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


奴爾

/nu³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nu³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Nur, Nu'er (a township in Qira, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


固拉合瑪

ㄍㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄏㄜˊ ㄇㄚˇ

ㄍㄨˋ ㄌㄚ ㄏㄜˊ ㄇㄚˇ

/ku⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Gulahma, Gulahema (a town in Qira, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


烏魯克薩依

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙㄚˋ ㄧ

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙㄚˋ ㄧ

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹ i⁵⁵/

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹ i⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Uyghur ئۇلۇغساي (ulughsay).

(～鄉) Wulukesayi (a township in Qira, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


烏蘭木倫

ㄨ ㄌㄢˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ

ㄨ ㄌㄢˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ

/u⁵⁵ län³⁵ mu⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/u⁵⁵ län³⁵ mu⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

From Mongolian ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ (ulaɣan mören, literally “red river”).

bor

ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ

(～鎮) Wulanmulun (a township in Ejin Horo, Ordos, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


Shanghai French Concession

The bodies of seven murdered members of Kuo's family were discovered buried in a garden in the Shanghai French Concession in November 1931; the bodies of four others of his relatives were found by the police later.

1968, O. Edmund Clubb, “The Chinese Communist Party”, in Communism in China, as Reported from Hankow in 1932, Columbia University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 89:

After several years of operations, The Wheel was closed in 1918 amid public displeasure. In the Shanghai French Concession, there were also several popular gambling houses including the Great World (大世界) and Xi Jia Du Chang (席家赌场).

2009, Desmond Lam, The World of Chinese Gambling, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 25:

The Chinese Communist Party turns 100 this week. A century after it was founded in Shanghai’s French concession, the institution has never been so popular at home or resented abroad.

[2021 June 29, Pete Sweeney, “China’s Communist Party runs low on creativity”, in Peter Thal Larsen, Katrina Hamlin, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-06-30, Breakingviews:

foreign concession
foreign concession#English

A foreign concession in Shanghai, China, governed by France.


Bostan

It was not immediately clear why Tursun, who the officer said lives in Toksun’s Bostan township, was assigned to work in Kömüsh.

2021 March 15, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Xinjiang Authorities Detain Head of Township Education Committee”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2021-03-15:

A town in Toksun, Turpan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township.

Figure a is the typical interconnection of power system of township branches taking Noor power satiation as example.
Figure b is the typical interconnection of power system of village terminals taking Bostan township village as example.

2014, Zulati Litifu, “An Application of Developing Renewable Energy in an Extreme Arid and Energy-Scarce Area in Tarim Desert”, in Energy Procedia, volume 61, →DOI, page 2710:


Lop

The Khotan rug factory, Hotan Rayonluk Gilam Karahanisi, is situated outside the town of Khotan, in Lop county four kilometers east on the bank of the Yurunkash River.

1979, Jan Myrdal, translated by Ann Henning, Carpets from China, Xinjiang & Tibet, Pantheon Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 139:

Farther west was the ancient State of Jingjue, while the ruins of the city of Akispil, discovered in the desert northwest of Lop County, was one of the cities of the ancient State of Yutian.

1989, 郑平 [Zheng Ping], 洛安吉 [Luo Anji], transl., 新疆风物志 [Xinjiang : the Land and the People], Beijing: New World Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 62:

East of Khotan itself, we find a local culture typified by a cemetery at Sampul (Shanpula). It is located near the administrative centre of Lop County (Luopu).

2000, J.P. Mallory, Victor H. Mair, The Tarim Mummies Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 155:

The Lop county official confirmed reports from overseas groups that the Chinese authorities were continuing a program of heavy religious control and censorship in Xinjiang.

2004, “THE INTERNET IN CHINA: ATOOL FOR FREEDOM OR SUPPRESSION?”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), Committee on International Relations, page 187:

The workshop in Lop County at the edge of Taklimakan Desert is in the most impoverished part of Hotan prefecture.

2017 November 5, “Across China: Elderly Uygur tailor finds new hope in factory work”, in Mengjie, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2019-12-17:

An acquaintance of Eli Ahun Qarim described the 50-something native of Lop county’s Igerchi village as a religious student with “a profound understanding of religion” who had earlier been detained for one year for teaching religion.

2019 April 26, Paul Eckert, Shohret Hoshur, “Uyghur Inmates in Iconic Xinjiang Detention Camp Photo Identified”, in Alim Seytoff, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2019-04-28:

Miriding Mutailipu is a crystal scientist from Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. Raised in Lop county, one of the poorest neighbourhoods in Hotan prefecture, he grew up in a part of China known for thousands of years as a source of precious stones.

2019 December 29, Stephen Chen, “China’s scientists aren’t shy about promoting their work any more”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2019-12-29, Science:

They would also block imports of items from the Lop County Industrial Park and the Lop County No. 4 Vocational Skills Education and Training Center, following the July 1 detention of products from Lop County Meixin Hair Product Co..

2020 September 15, David Lawder, Humeyra Pamuk, Dominique Patton, Cate Cadell, “U.S. readies bans on cotton, tomato imports from China's Xinjiang”, in Michael Perry, Clarence Fernandez, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2020-09-18, APAC:

The attacks in Hotan (in Chinese, Hetian) prefecture’s Lop (Luopu) county, occurred at 9 p.m. on Monday and 8:15 a.m. on tuesday, killing three suicide attackers and three police officers and wounding four other policemen, said Osman Toxtixelil, the police chief of the Konabazar (Old Town) police station in Lop town. No bystanders were killed or injured in the attacks, he told RFA’s Uyghur Service.

2015 May 13, Roseanne Gerin, Shohret Hoshur, “Six Dead, Four Injured in Two Successive Suicide Attacks in China’s Xinjiang”, in Shohret Hoshur, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2015-05-18:

A town in Lop, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

洛浦

county in Hotan, Xinjiang, China; a town in Lop, Hotan, Xinjiang, China


山普魯

/ʂän⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂän⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Sampul, Shanpulu (a town in Lop, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


Sampul

East of Khotan itself, we find a local culture typified by a cemetery at Sampul (Shanpula).

2000, J.P. Mallory, Victor H. Mair, The Tarim Mummies Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West, published 2008, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 155:

A remarkably Greek- looking male portrait, from a third- or second- century BC woollen wall-hanging found at Sampul

2002, Frances Wood, The Silk Road: Two Thousand Years in the Heart of Asia, University of California Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 37:

At the site of Sampul (or Shanpula), near the southwestern Tarim Basin oasis of Luopu, a Saka grave has yielded a piece of woven woolen cloth [Fig. 2] that shows Hellenistic and Persian inspiration in the depictions of a centaur and a lance-bearing warrior (Xinjiang weiwu'er 2001).

2009, Robert A. Jones, “Centaurs on the Silk Road: Recent Discoveries of Hellenistic Textiles in Western China”, in The Silk Road, Saratoga, CA: Silk Road Foundation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 23, column 2:

Like nearly all of the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age cemeteries encircling the Tarim Basin, the complex at Sampul lies on the gravelly tableland or terrace that is located between the desert floor and the foothills of the mountains beyond, the source of the meltwater from the glaciers that sustains life in the oases.

2010, Victor Mair, “The Mummies of East Central Asia”, in Expedition, volume 52, number 3, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-11-13:

A source with ties to Hotan (in Chinese, Hetian) prefecture recently told RFA’s Uyghur Service that Sampul township head Ablikim Mettursun and Sampul township United Front Work Department employee Memet’eziz Mettohti had been convicted and sent to prison in Hotan’s Keriye (Yutian) county in 2015.
[...]RFA spoke with a Lop county government employee who said they did not have any information on either Mettursun or Mettohti, and referred further questions to higher-level officials, as well as a staffer with the Lop County Justice Department, who also said they did not know anything about the two men.
However, when asked whether any cadres from Sampul township had been sent to internment camps, an employee with a legal work unit in Lop county told RFA that “there's no one in the camps, they’re in prison.”
When asked who had been sent to prison, the employee responded, “Oh, you know, Memet’eziz Mettohti… he worked for the party in Sampul township.”

2020 January 24, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Two Uyghur Cadres Jailed Over Failure to Confiscate ‘Illegal Religious Text’”, in Elise Anderson, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2020-01-25:

A township in Lop, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


Hoàng Hà

[hwaːŋ˨˩ haː˨˩]

[hwaːŋ˦˩ haː˦˩]

[waːŋ˨˩ haː˨˩]

Yellow River, Huang He (a major river in northern China, passing through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces as well as Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions)


阿其克

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(～鄉) Aqqik, Achchiq, Aqike (a township in Lop, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Aqqik, Achchiq, Aqike (a township in Yopurga, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Aqqik

Within the Tarim Basin, they reach to the Aqqik area, and Magartag in the central region.[...]the Tarim gulf was very wide, and seawater extended northward to Yingan of Akesu, and Xiaokuzibai of Wensu and possibly eastward to Aqqik of Luopu.

1991, Tamio Kotaka, Shallow Tethys 3: Proceedings of the International Symposium, →OCLC, pages 235, 236:

In the course of marine incursion and sedimentation, the sea only reached the Wuqia area during the late Eocene, but in Palaeocene - middle Eocene, marine conditions extended eastwards into the desert of the Mazartag area, and southwards, probably into the Aqqik area of Lop.

1996, Zhou Zhiyi, W. T. Dean, editors, Phanerozoic Geology of Northwest China, Beijing: Science Press, →OCLC, page 125:

A township in Yopurga, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


多魯

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Dol, Duolu (a township in Lop, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


納瓦

/nä⁵¹ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nä⁵¹ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Nawa (a township in Lop, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


布亞

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/pu⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ jä⁵¹/

/pu⁵¹ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Buya (a township in Lop, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


拉斯奎

/lä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/lä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Laskuy, Lasikui (a town in Hotan City, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


吉亞

/t͡ɕi³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Jiya (a township in Hotan City, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


玉龍喀什

ㄩˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄎㄚ ㄕˊ

ㄩˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄎㄚ ㄕˊ

/y⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵ kʰä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/y⁵¹ lʊŋ³⁵ kʰä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

(～河) White Jade River (a river in Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Yurungqash (a town in Hotan City, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


古江巴格

ㄍㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜˊ

ㄍㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜˊ

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

(～街道) Gujanbagh, Gujiangbage (a subdistrict of Hotan City, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Gujanbagh, Gujiangbage (a township in Hotan City, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Jiya

Women work in an Etles silk mill in Jiya Town of Hotan City, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Aug. 8, 2017. Etles silk, with a history of more than a thousand years in Hotan City, is regarded as the witness of the cultural mixture between China and the neighboring countries as it illustrates a perfect combination of Chinese silk production technique and surrounding central Asian countries' patterning. The production of the Eltes^([sic – meaning Etles]) silk is now regaining its momentum as the local government invests more resources into the sector to revive the once vanishing craft. About 6,000 families in the Jiya Town are capable of producing the silk which brings 1,200 yuan (about 180 US dollars) extra income per capita for the local residents.

2017 August 15, Ma Kai, “Etles silk production craft revived in China's Xinjiang”, in An, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2019-08-03:

An ethnic Uighur man looks on at the cemetery surrounding the tomb of Imam Asim in the Taklamakan Desert outside the village of Jiya near Hotan, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, China, March 21, 2017.

2018 November 8, “Who Are the Uighurs?”, in Voice of America, archived from the original on 2020-01-12, East Asia Pacific:

A township in Hotan City, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


Ilchi

Johnson mentioned that Ilchi lies only six miles from the edge of the Takla Makan desert, and he cites reports of 360 cities being buried in the shifting sands in 24 hours.

2002 November, David Spencer Smith, “Khan Habibullah and His Tenga, and Some Numismatic Mysteries from Khotan”, in Numismatics International Bulletin, volume 37, number 11, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 331:

“There are many different signs of religious extremism,” a village secretary from Hotan city’s Ilchi township said, speaking on condition of anonymity.
“[New guidelines say to look for] those who, when at prayer, stand with their legs wide apart and place their hands above their chest, and also those who dye their hair red.”
In addition to existing warnings about against Uyghurs who grow long hair or beards,” the new guidelines advise authorities to be wary of “those who wear short trousers” and “those who wear a watch on their right wrist,” he said.

2017 November 9, “China introduces revised Uyghur extremism list”, in Uyghur Human Rights Project, archived from the original on 2018-01-12:

A policeman in Hotan’s Ilchi township said families in his district have been interrogated in the days around July 5.
“Our focal point is whether July 5 is on their memories and, if so, what kinds of memories do they have.”
The police work of visiting families has in the past year “decreased a bit because all the key families in the watch list are in training,” he said.

2019 July 5, Paul Eckert, Ekrem Hezim, Mamatjan Juma, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, Kurban Niyaz, “10th Anniversary of Urumqi Unrest Brings Protests Over Internment Camps, Accountability Demands”, in Mamatjan Juma, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2019-07-06:

伊里其

township in Hotan City, Hotan, Xinjiang, China


伊里其

/i⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/i⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

(～鄉) Ilchi, Yiliqi (a township in Hotan City, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


吐沙拉

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Tusalla, Tushala (a town in Hotan City, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


Taklamakan

Most researchers agree that the second part is derived from Persian مکان (makân, “place”), from Arabic مَكَان (makān). The etymology of Takla is less clear, however. It may be related to Uyghur تەرك (terk, “abandonment”), from Arabic تَرْك (tark). Other possibilities are plausible.

Takla Makan (alternative)
Taklimakan (alternative)

Surrounding the Taklamakan on three sides are some of the highest mountain ranges in the world, with the Gobi desert blocking the fourth. Thus even the approaches to it are dangerous. Many travellers have perished on the icy passes which lead down to it from Tibet, Kashmir, Afghanistan and Russia, either by freezing to death or by missing their foothold and hurtling into a ravine below. In one disaster, in the winter of 1839, an entire caravan of forty men was wiped out by an avalanche, and even now men and beasts are lost each year.
No traveller has a good word to say for the Taklamakan. Sven Hedin, one of the few Europeans to have crossed it, called it ‘the worst and most dangerous desert in the world’. Stein, who came to know it even better, considered the deserts of Arabia 'tame' by comparison. Sir Percy Sykes, the geographer, and one-time British Consul-General at Kashgar, called it 'a Land of Death', while his sister Ella, herself a veteran desert traveller, described it as 'a very abomination of desolation'.
Apart from the more obvious perils, such as losing one’s way and dying of thirst, the Taklamakan has special horrors to inflict on those who trespass there. In his book Buried Treasures of Chinese Turkestan, von Le Coq describes the nightmare of being caught in that terror of all caravans, the kara-buran, or black hurricane.

1980, Peter Hopkirk, Foreign Devils on the Silk Road, Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, published 1984, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 9–10:

According to the study, carbon-rich runoff from irrigation started seeping into saline aquifers under the Taklamakan nearly 5000 years ago, when humans first took hoe to the region. Since then, it has continued to collect.

2015, Catherine Matacic, “Carbon tomb buried deep under Chinese desert”, in Science:

The Chinese military has refined its anti-ship missile training from striking large, carrier-sized targets to smaller ships and naval bases, according to recent satellite images.
They show a training base in Xinjiang’s remote Taklamakan desert with the layout of mock-up ship moored in a naval base that resembles one in northeast Taiwan and other targets in Guam, according to a Taipei-based naval analyst.

2022 May 12, Minnie Chan, “Satellite images ‘suggest China is practising missile strikes on targets in Taiwan and Guam’”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2022-05-12:

A cold desert in Xinjiang autonomous region, China, the largest desert entirely contained in China.


Waxxari

Driving on to Ruoqiang (Charkhlik), you pass the village of Waxxari close to the ancient site of Washixia, Stein's Vash Shari from the time of the Tang (618-907 AD) and the Northern Song (960-1127 AD).

2004, Judy Bonavia, The Silk Road: From Xi'an to Kashgar, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 330:

We have chosen three very remote oases (Milan, Ruoqiang, Waxxari) on the southern fringe of the Taklamakan desert in the extremely arid region of northwest China (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). These target oases are isolated from each other as well as from other potential NO2 sources (100-150 km). Therefore, the oases can be considered as typical areal sources of predominantly soil biogenic NO. Moreover, their areal extension is pretty comparable to the typical pixel size of satellite retrievals.

2012, Y. Qi, F. Meixner, Z. Wu, S. Beirle, T. Wagner, M. Andreae, B. Mamtimin, “Tropospheric NO2 column densities over oases of the Taklamakan desert (NW-China): satellite DOAS observations and ground based Multi Axis DOAS measurements”, in Astrophysics Data System, archived from the original on 2019-12-21:

A town in Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township.

瓦石峽 /瓦石峡

town and residential community in Ruoqiang, Bayingolin, Xinjiang, China

A residential community in Waxxari, Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


葉亦克

→ English: Yeyike, Yeh-i-k'o

/jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(～鄉) Yeyik, Yeyike (a township in Niya, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～村) Yeyik, Yeyike (a village in Yeyik, Niya, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


尼雅

/ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ni³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Niya (a town in Minfeng, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Niya (a township in Minfeng, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Yeyik

Tohti described a situation then current in Yeyiq Yezisi (Yeyike) township which is reminiscent of share-cropping in the post-bellum American south.

[2007, James A. Millward, Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang, London: Hurst & Company, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 365:

An explorer's work is never done. After lunch we headed south straight across the desert towards the Kun Lun Mountains. It was 42 miles from the road. We had to cross two riverbeds and bounced across some pretty rocky terrain. That is why they called our Toyotas off-road vehicles. Finally after a couple of hours we arrived at Yeyik —a commune surrounded by desert and mountains. There was nothing special about the place except its remoteness. Eight camels were waiting to help us follow Marco Polo in a manner that he no doubt used in this part of his travels. Those in our group who did not get a camel were entitled to a horse. We all saddled up and were soon crossing a wide river bed on our way to visit a family whose home was on the other side of this section of the desert.

2008, Harry Rutstein, The Marco Polo Odyssey, Bennett & Hastings Publishing, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 210:

These results suggest that there are two migration routes for Demoiselle Cranes breeding in central Asia: one directly over the Himalayas, the other via the Hindu Kush. Important stopover sites included Barkol Lake, Lop Nur Lake, Yakatograk and Yeyik, and the Keriya River.

2010, Hiroyoshi Higuchi, “Satellite tracking the migration of birds in eastern Asia”, in British Birds, volume 103, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 293:

During the first day of ascent to the Plateau, the cranes travelled between 200 and 250 km and stopped over near aquatic features, including Chainjoin Lake, Yeyik and the Doman River.

2017, Hiroyoshi Higuchi, Jason Minton, “Migratory Routes across the Himalayas Used by Demoiselle Cranes”, in Bird Migration across the Himalayas: Wetland Functioning amidst Mountains and Glaciers, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 55:

A township in Niya, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

葉亦克 /叶亦克

township in Niya, Hotan, Xinjiang, China


Koramlik

The method of calculating the slip-rate of a fault is to divide the displacement of a ridge lies between two neighboring terraces of one river by the age of the lower terrace. The displacements of rivers are not considered in this study because of its uncertainty. At Koramlik, the slip-rate of the Altun Fault since 6.02 ± 0.47ka BP is 11.6 ± 2.6mm/yr, and since 15.76 ± 1.19ka BP is 9.6 ± 2.6mm/yr.

2004, “Late Quaternary slip-rate on the Altun Fault west to the Qarqan River”, in F. Wang, Xiwei Xu, Rongzhang Zheng, W.-B. Chen, editors, Seismol Geol / Dizhen Dizhi, volume 26, Research Gate, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-05-12:

[...]south to Koramlik village, a seasonal river runs from mountains northward and passes the village (site A in Fig. 3).

2004, Earthquake Research in China, volume 18, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 399:

A township in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

庫拉木勒克 /库拉木勒克

township in Qiemo, Bayingolin, Xinjiang, China


Tatrang

Grenard says (pp. 183-184) that he examined the remains of what is called the old town of Charchan, traces of the ancient canal, ruins of dwellings deep into the sand, of which the walls built of large and solid-baked bricks, are pretty well preserved. Save these bricks, "I found hardly anything, the inhabitants have pillaged everything long ago. I attempted some excavating, which turned out to be without result, as far as I was concerned; but the superstitious natives declared that they were the cause of a violent storm which took place soon after. There are similar ruins in the environs, at Yantak Koudouk, at Tatrang, one day's march to the north, and at Ouadjchahari at five days to the north-east, which corresponds to the position assigned to Lop by Marco Polo." (See Grenard's Haute Asie on Nia.)

1920, Rustichello da Pisa, translated by Henry Yule, edited by Henri Cordier, The Travels of Marco Polo, →OCLC:

Then we drove on the November 16 northwards and entered the desert at the oil camp of Tatrang. A mere 15 km into the desert, we started to see nothing but hundreds of dead poplar trees of many centuries old,[…]

2004, China Tourism, numbers 287-292, →OCLC, page 83:

A town in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township.

塔提讓 /塔提让

town in Qiemo, Bayingolin, Xinjiang, China


Tai'erzhuang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 臺兒莊 /台兒莊 /台儿庄 (Tái'érzhuāng).

臺兒莊//台兒莊//台儿庄

Taierzhuang (alternative also)
Taierhchwang (alternative)
T'ai-erh-chuang (alternative)
T'ai-êrh-chuang (alternative)

By October 31, the first period construction work between Kaotze, on the Yangtze River bank, and Taierhchuang, on the Shantung-Kiangsu provincial border, is expected to be completed.

[1944 September 5 [1944 July 17], “Peking”, in Strategic Objectives in Japanese Installations with Index of Place Names, number 1, Office of Strategic Services, sourced from Tokyo, China Continent, page 20:

Highly placed Japanese spokesmen, shocked by their reverse at Tai'erzhuang, and that at the hands of "secondary" troops, resorted to their favored way of dealing with setbacks. They denied for days not only the Chinese had won back Tai'erzhuang, but that the important rail knot at Xuzhou, of which Tai'erzhuang was an outpost, had never been a Japanese goal in the campaign, which of course it was - and continued to be.

2005, Israel Epstein, History Should Not Be Forgotten, Beijing: China Intercontinental Press (五洲传播出版社), →ISBN, page 67:

A district of Zaozhuang, Shandong, China.


臺兒莊

desc

→ English: Taierhchwang, T’ai-erh-chuang, Tai'erzhuang

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ jiː²¹ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ jiː²¹ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

臺兒莊大捷

台儿庄大捷

(～區) Tai'erzhuang (a district of Zaozhuang, Shandong, China)


Langru

November[…]
23 Visit to a market held near Khotan. Grains bought.[…]
28 Left at 9 A.M. All day enroute. Collected tree cuttings. Bought seeds. Stayed for the night in Langru.

1910, Frank Nicholas Meyer, “ITINERARY REPORT”, in Letters of Frank N. Meyer, volume II, →OCLC, page 1150:

Additional outcrops were investigated south and west of Hotan. They were unproductive, except in Langru (other spelling Ranru) area where two fossiliferous localities were discovered .

2003, Revue de Paléobiologie, volume 22, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 482:

Located in Langru Town of Hotan County, Uluwarty Scenic Spot is a large reservoir that was completed in 2001. The water in the reservoir is as deep as 110 meters, with a dam 131 meters high.

2011 December 2, Dongya Zhang, “Natural beauties of southern Xinjiang”, in Beijing Today, number 547, →OCLC, Travel China, page 20:

In Langru Township in Hotan county, any Uyghur on the police suspect list who fails to present himself or herself to authorities will have their name “erased from township household registers,” according to one police document recently obtained by RFA.

2014 December 17, Richard Finney, Jelil Kashgari, Erkin Tarim, “Uyghurs Face Seizure of Land, Personal Property Under Tough New Rules”, in Eset Sulaiman, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2014-12-30:

A township in Hotan County, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

朗如

township in Hotan County, Hotan, Xinjiang, China


朗如

/lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐu³⁵/

/lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐu³⁵/

(～鄉) Langru (a township in Hotan County, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


英艾日克

ㄧㄥ ㄞˋ ㄖˋ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄧㄥ ㄞˋ ㄖˋ ㄎㄜˋ

/iŋ⁵⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/iŋ⁵⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Uyghur يېڭىئېرىق (yë'ngi'ëriq).

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Yengierik, Ying'airike (a town in Awat, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)

(～鄉) Yengierik, Ying'airike (a township in Hotan County, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


拉依喀

/lä⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ kʰä⁵⁵/

/lä⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ kʰä⁵¹/

/lä⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ kʰä⁵⁵/

/lä⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ kʰä⁵¹/

(～鄉) Layka, Layika (a township in Hotan County, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


英阿瓦提

ㄧㄥ ㄚ ㄨㄚˇ ㄊㄧˊ

ㄧㄥ ㄚ ㄨㄚˇ ㄊㄧˊ

/iŋ⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵/

/iŋ⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi³⁵/

Borrowed from Uyghur يېڭىئاۋات (yë'ngi'awat).

(～鄉) Yengiawat, Ying'awati (a township in Hotan County, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Yengiawat, Ying'awati (a township in Shule, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Yengiawat, Ying'awati (a township in Uqturpan, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～村) Yengiawat, Ying'awati (a village in Yeyik, Niya, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


罕艾日克

ㄏㄢˇ ㄞˋ ㄖˋ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄏㄢˇ ㄞˋ ㄖˋ ㄎㄜˋ

/xän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/xän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Uyghur خانئېرىق (xan'ëriq).

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Hanerik, Han'airike (a town in Hotan County, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


Hanerik

But residents say the Hanerik shooting victims were unarmed civilians simply seeking an end to heavy-handed policing. The seeds of the confrontation were planted in mid-June, when the authorities detained Mettursun Metseydi, the young imam of an unauthorized mosque on the rural edge of Hanerik. Mr. Metseydi had been drawing increasing crowds with sermons that condemned the government’s religious restrictions, most pointedly on head coverings.

2013 August 26, Andrew Jacobs, “Over News of Clash, a Shroud of Silence in Xinjiang”, in New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-08-29:

In a June 2013 clash between the authorities and protesters in Hanerik township near Hotan in the south of the region, official news source Tianshan Net reported that no one had died as a result of the clashes. Yet Radio Free Asia, citing local officials, reported that security forces had fired on demonstrating Uighurs rather than responding with restraint to civilian violence.

2013 December 17, Alim Seytoff, “China's darkest corner”, in Index on Censorship, →DOI, archived from the original on 2021-02-28:

On March 21, 2015, authorities in Hanerik (Han'airike) township, Hotan county, reportedly sentenced Uyghur religious scholar Qamber Amber to nine years' imprisonment, following a public trial, for defying official instruction to stop giving speeches at religious ceremonies and for otherwise "refusing to cooperate" with authorities.

2015, “Congressional-Executive Commission on China Annual Report 2015”, in Congressional-Executive Commission on China, page 286:

The other narrative, reported by Radio Free Asia, suggested that the group, who came from Hanerik township in Khotan prefecture in Xinjiang's far south, had sought to leave after a Chinese 'crackdown' in the area following a violent incident in June 2013 when police had fired on Uyghurs protesting against the arrest of a religious leader in the township.

2018, “Introduction”, in Michael Clarke, editor, Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in China: Domestic and Foreign Policy Dimensions, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 11:

In 2013, particularly serious incidents occurred on 24 April in Bachu outside Kashgar, in several separate villages in Lukqun Township near Turpan on 26 June, in Hanerik in Hotan Prefecture two days later and in August in Kargilik in Kashgar Prefecture.

2021, Kunal Mukherjee, Race, Ethnicity and Religion in Conflict Across Asia, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, →OCLC, page https://books.google.com/books?id=4LoYEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT222:

A town in Hotan County, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township.

罕艾日克

town in Hotan County, Hotan, Xinjiang, China


色格孜庫勒

ㄙㄜˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄗ ㄎㄨˋ ㄌㄜˋ

ㄙㄜˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄗ ㄎㄨˋ ㄌㄜˋ

Сэгэцзы Кулэ

/sɤ⁵¹ kɤ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/sɤ⁵¹ kɤ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Uyghur سېغىزكۆل (sëghizköl).

(～鄉) Seghizkol, Segezi Kule (a township in Hotan County, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Seghizkol

Another of Rozinishan’s brothers in Seghizkol town, in Hoten prefecture’s Hoten county, where the family is based, said that the response from the Uyghur community has been overwhelming.

2010 June 15, Joshua Lipes, Mihriban (reporter), “Patient Pressed on Gifts”, in Mamatjan Juma, transl., edited by Sarah Jackson-Han, Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2010-06-16:


吾宗肖

/u³⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/u³⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(～鄉) Uzunsho, Wuzongxiao (a township in Hotan County, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Guiqzouy

zh-l

貴州／贵州 (Guìzhōu)

Guizhou (a province in southwestern China)


Gvisxul

/kʷi˧˥.ɕu˨˦/


Yinfnanf

雲南／云南 (Yúnnán)

Yunnan (a province in southwestern China, bordering Myanmar (Burma), Laos and Vietnam)


祿豐

desc

⇒ Translingual: Lufengosaurus, Lufengpithecus

/lu⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/lʊk̚² fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lu⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/lʊk̚² fʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Lufeng (a county of Chuxiong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


大窪

⇒ Translingual: Tawasaurus

/taːi̯²² waː⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² waː⁵⁵/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Dawa (a district and former county of Panjin, Liaoning, China)

(～村) Dawa (a village in Jinshan, Lufeng, Chuxiong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


薩利吉勒干南庫勒

ㄙㄚˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄜˋ ㄍㄢ ㄋㄢˊ ㄎㄨˋ ㄌㄜˋ

ㄙㄚˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄜˋ ㄍㄢ ㄋㄢˊ ㄎㄨˋ ㄌㄜˋ

Салицзилэганьнанькулэ

/sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ lɤ⁵¹ kän⁵⁵ nän³⁵ kʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

Surigh Yilganing Kol
Surigh Yilganing Kol#English

(～湖) Surigh Yilganing Kol (a lake in Hotan County, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, part of the disputed Aksai Chin)


Tianshuihai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 甜水海 (Tiánshuǐhǎi).

Tien Shui Hai (alternative)
T’ien-shui-hai (alternative)

On a vast, dry lakebed called Tianshuihai, we came to a community of sorts, a desperate huddle of concrete and mud structures. My map labeled the region “Soda Plain,” and it seemed a long time since any water had gathered there. It was also, evidently, earthquake country. Buildings, many of them abandoned, had been shaken off their foundations; their walls had cracked and roofs fallen in. The military post and gas depot where Qu stopped to refuel had been shored up by heavy concrete buttresses. Thousands of fifty-gallon drums littered the ground, along with broken machinery, derelict vehicles, chunks of concrete, goat carcasses, cans, bottles, and shit.

1991, Jeremy Schmidt, Himalayan Passage: Seven Months in the High Country of Tibet, Nepal, China, India, & Pakistan, Seattle: The Mountaineers, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 117:

Woo and Gong had flown out of Tianshuihai and were patrolling a section of the border where China abutted the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, including the disputed region of Askai^([sic – meaning Aksai]) Chin that was under Chinese control.
"Could you imagine being posted to this place?" Gong asked.

2004, Tom Grace, The Secret Cardinal, Perseus Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 265:

A lake in Hotan County, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, part of the disputed Aksai Chin.


甜水海

ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄏㄞˇ

ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄏㄞˇ

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːm²¹ sɵy̯³⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːm²¹ sɵy̯³⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

Tianshuihai (a lake in Hotan County, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, part of the disputed Aksai Chin)


Tianwendian

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 天文點／天文点 (Tiānwéndiǎn).

zh-l

天文點／天文点 (Tiānwéndiǎn)

(2) On 12th July at 15. 00 hours, one Indian aircraft intruded into the air space over the Chip Chap River vally in Sinkiang, and carried out reconnaissance over China's civilian checkpoint at Tienwentien, and then flew east to Chipchap La for further activities.[...]
(11) On 15th July at 12. 35 hours, one Indian aircraft intruded into the air space over the Chip Chap River valley in Sinkiang, and repeatedly circled over China's civilian checkpost at Tienwentien for provocation.

[1967, Summary of World Broadcasts: Far East, British Broadcasting Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page A-31, A-32:

Yang Gongcheng [2799 0501 2052], a cadre of Xinjiang Military Region accompanying us told us that the conditions of two frontier stations on Kal Kunlun, Shenxianwan and Tianwendian were amon the worst in the whole army.[…]
In Company No.5, we met political instructor Zhen Shaowu [6774 1421 2976], who had just came down from the Tianwendian outpost standing 5,190 meters above sea level. He was a soldier with a strong will.

1992 August 7 [1992 July 21], Zhai Qiyun (5049 0796 6663) [翟啓運], “Notes on Visit to Xinjiang Military Region”, in Daily Report: China, number 153, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Beijing RENMIN RIBAO pp 1,3, translation of original in Chinese, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 19–20:

China was particularly sensitive to the area of Tianwendian (Point 5243), which lies in the northern part of Aksai Chin and was also the location of the forward HQ of their northernmost Defended Area (Tien HQ Defence Area).[...]On 19 Apr 1962, the PLA General Staff passed order to the frontier guards of Xinjiang Military Region for 'strengthening the border defences in the Western Sector of the Sino-Indian border (Ladakh)'. Some more posts were to be established where gaps between teh Chinese posts were comparatively wider. The strength of the poss at Point 5243 and the Area of Kongka Pass was increased. Two more posts were established, i.e. one at Point 5500 (northwest of Tianwendian) and the second one on Point 5851 (southwest of Tianwendian) to provide depth.

2015, P J S Sandhu, Vinay Shankar, G G Dwivedi, 1962: A View from the Other Side of the Hill, New Delhi: Vij Books India Pvt Ltd, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 46:

Border officials of the Indian and Chinese armies on Saturday resolved to improve ties at the functional level as they met on the occasion of New Year at the world's highest border personnel meeting point. "On the occasion of New Year, a ceremonial Border Personnel Meeting (BPM) was conducted first time today at Chinese Temporary Meeting Point at Daulat Beg Oldie (DBO) - Tianwendian (TWD), which is the world's highest-established BPM point," said Udhampur-based defence spokesman Colonel SD Goswami.

2016, “Indian, Chinese armies decide to improve ties at functional level”, in News18:

The annual precipitation at Kyagar is low for different reasons, including the geographical location of the station. For example, Tianwendian station is located in the south-eastern Karakoram Mountains, which receive water vapour from the Indian Ocean that falls out in precipitation due to uplift along the mountain slopes.

2019 March 1, Ren-juan Wei, Liang Peng, Chuan Liang, Christoph Haemmig, Matthias Huss, Zhen-xia Mu, Ying He, “Analysis of temporal and spatial variations in hydrometeorological elements in the Yarkant River Basin, China”, in Journal of Water and Climate Change, volume 10, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

He had arrived at Tianwendian post just two days earlier, to take part in an outdoor long-distance running event.

2021 January 16, Minnie Chan, “High altitudes send soldiers off course in China-India border region: experts”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2021-01-16:

An outpost in Hotan County, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, part of the disputed Aksai Chin.


天文點

→ English: Tianwendian

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄨㄣˊ ㄉㄧㄢˇ

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄨㄣˊ ㄉㄧㄢˇ

Тяньвэньдянь

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ wən³⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ wən³⁵ ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Tianwendian (an outpost in Hotan County, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, part of the disputed Aksai Chin)


Karakax

Borrowed from Uyghur قاراقاش (qaraqash).

Qaraqash (alternative)
Karakash (alternative)

The Xinjiang government said in a short statement on its main news website that the incident occurred just before 5pm in Karakax county, deep in southern Xinjiang’s Uighur heartland.

2016 December 28, “Xinjiang attack: four 'terrorists' and one bystander killed, says China”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 2016-12-29:

The Xinjiang Discipline Inspection Commission announced the investigation into Hu Jun, 49, party secretary of Karakax county in south Xinjiang, and Zhang Jinbiao, 53, party secretary of Hotan, the prefecture where Karakax is located.

2017 January 5, Christian Shepherd, “China investigates party officials in restive Xinjiang for 'discipline breaches'”, in Nick Macfie, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2017-01-05, World News:

To improve the local people's living standards, the natural gas project was launched in 2010 and has been operating since 2013. So far, more than 3,000 km of pipes have been installed, providing natural gas to 42 counties and cities, and benefiting over 4 million residents in south Xinjiang.
"It saved me a lot of money," said Hawanisahan Jelili, who lived in Karakax County in Hotan Prefecture, adding her family would spend nearly 3,500 yuan for heating by burning coal in winter, but it was reduced to 2,000 yuan after natural gas pipes were built in the county in 2016.

2019 July 15, “Across China: More Xinjiang households benefit from natural gas project”, in mingmei, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2019-07-15:

The detainees listed come from Karakax County, a traditional settlement on the edge of Xinjiang's Taklamakan desert where more than 97 percent of its roughly 650,000 residents are Uighur.

2020 February 18, “Leaked data shows China's Uighurs detained due to religion”, in Aruba Today, page A10:

A county of Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

After 80km and 1½ hours there is finally some green at the turn-off to Píshān, but the desert soon reclaims the road's boundaries, threatening the road itself, until Karakax (Mòyù), about 25km before Khotan, where there are tidy cultivated fields of corn, cotton and rice.

1997, Peter Neville-Hadley, China the Silk Routes (Cadogan Guides), Globe Pequot Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 294:

6000 women were recruited for this study from the Karakax County (Karakax town and Zawa, Yawa, Karsay and Kuiya villages) of the Hotan Prefecture (Xinjiang, China). All the participants provided informed consent. The eligible women were aged between 21–60 years, sexually active, not pregnant and had no history of diagnosed CIN, cervical cancer or hysterectomy.

2017, Guzhalinuer Abulizi, Hua Li, Patiman Mijiti, Tangnuer Abulimiti, Jing Cai, Jie Gao, Dandan Meng, Reyihanguli Abula, Tunishahan Abudereyimu, Anarguli Aizezi, You Lin Qiao, “Risk factors for human papillomavirus infection prevalent among Uyghur women from Xinjiang, China”, in United States National Library of Medicine:

A town in Karakax, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


墨玉

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/mɐk̚² jʊk̚²/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/

/mɐk̚² jʊk̚²/

(～縣) Karakax, Moyu (a county of Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


雅瓦

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Yawa (a township in Karakax, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


吐外特

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

(～鄉) Tüwat, Tuwaite (a township in Karakax, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


薩依巴格

ㄙㄚˋ ㄧ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜˊ

ㄙㄚˋ ㄧ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜˊ

/sä⁵¹ i⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/sä⁵¹ i⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

(～鄉) Saybag, Sayibage (a township in Karakax, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Saybag, Sayibage (a township in Shufu, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


托胡拉

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ xu³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ xu³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Tohula, Tuohula (a township in Karakax, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


河婆

/xɤ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/hɔː²¹ pʰɔː²¹/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ po⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/hɔː²¹ pʰɔː²¹/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ po⁵⁵/

(～街道, formerly ～鎮) Hepo (a subdistrict and former town in Jiexi, Jieyang, Guangdong, China)


Jieyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 揭陽 /揭阳 (Jiēyáng).

One example of this power came the following month, when P’eng arranged a worker-peasant demonstration in Chiehyang to secure the release of Yang Shih-hun, a CCP labor leader arrested there.

[1985, Fernando Galbiati, “New Roles for the Rural Tradition”, in P'eng P'ai and the Hai-Lu-Feng Soviet, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 229:

The tank farm, part of a new complex in the city of Jieyang, has storage of 3.8 million cubic meters, with 2 million cubic metres (12.6 million barrels) allotted for crude, it said, citing project operator PetroChina Guangdong Petrochemical.

2022 September 2, Aizhu Chen, “PetroChina builds major storage for new south China refinery - report”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-03-08:

A prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China.


茫崖

/mɑŋ³⁵ jä³⁵/

/mɑŋ³⁵ jaɪ̯³⁵/

/mɔːŋ²¹ ŋaːi̯²¹/

/mɑŋ³⁵ jä³⁵/

/mɑŋ³⁵ jaɪ̯³⁵/

/mɔːŋ²¹ ŋaːi̯²¹/

(～市) Mangnai (a county-level city of Haixi prefecture, Qinghai, China)


喀拉喀什

/kʰä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʰä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kʰä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ kʰä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

(～鎮) Karakax, Kalakashi (a town in Karakax, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～河) Karakash River (a river in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Saybag

A district of Ürümqi, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

A man and his wife rest in their house at the Qushou Village of Saybag Township in Moyu County, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Nov. 21, 2019.

2019 December 6, “Measures carried out in poverty-stricken villages in China's Xinjiang to improve locals' living standards (7)”, in Shi Xi, Liang Jun, editors, People's Daily, archived from the original on 2019-12-28:

A township in Karakax, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

A township in Shufu, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


Manglay

Local police described the violence in Kayash village in Manglay township as among the most deadly in the area in recent years.
“It was the most terrible incident in our town but I cannot give you details about that," Ablikim Yasin, chief of the Manglay police station, told RFA's Uyghur Service. "You should call the higher authorities for that.”

2014 June 22, Shohret Hoshur, Parameswaran Ponnudurai, “Five Police Officers Killed in Attack on Xinjiang Security Checkpoint”, in Shohret Hoshur, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2014-07-01:

Abla Ahat, police chief of Purchaqchi township, told RFA that five of the suspects came from Nawagh township in Hotan city and were met by the other two men from Manglay township at the Sherbet restaurant.

2015 March 13, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Chinese Authorities Shoot ‘Suspicious’ Uyghurs Dead in Xinjiang Restaurant”, in Mamatjan Juma, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2015-03-15:

An officer from the Manglay police station, in Hotan’s Qaraqash (Moyu) county, recently told RFA’s Uyghur Service that the local government had sent hundreds of women and children from his township to neighboring Aksu (Akesu) prefecture to join heavy labor details to make up for wages lost after the men in their families were detained.

2017 October 16, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Uyghur Women and Children Endure Heavy Labor Amid Detentions in Xinjiang’s Hotan”, in Alim Seytoff, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2017-10-16:

芒來 /芒来

township in Karakax, Hotan, Xinjiang, China


芒來

/mɑŋ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/mɑŋ³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

(～鄉) Manglay, Manglai (a township in Karakax, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Purchaqchi

Borrowed from Uyghur پۇرچاقچى (purchaqchi).

Jumaq, head of Ayaq Purchaqchi village in Purchaqchi township, told RFA’s Uyghur Service that he had accompanied Islam a day earlier in a raid during prayer time on a local mosque as around 200 officials and security personnel searched for six suspects they had linked to a shooting incident in May.

2014 July 30, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Wife of Party Official Killed in Xinjiang ‘Revenge Attack’”, in Mamatjan Juma, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2014-08-09:

He said police asked for the identification of the seven Uyghurs who were gathered at the Sherbet restaurant at a hotel in Purchaqchi township—where several incidents have resulted in bloodshed in recent months—and then attempted to search them, but were met with resistance, sparking the clash.


普恰克其

ㄆㄨˇ ㄑㄧㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄑㄧˊ

ㄆㄨˇ ㄑㄧㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄑㄧˊ

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Purchaqchi, Puqiakeqi (a town in Karakax, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


扎瓦

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Zawa, Zhawa (a town in Karakax, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


Kawak

Finally, a spreadsheet from Kawak (喀瓦克) Township in the northern part of Karakax County that lists 1,249 persons in detention and re-education shows that 93.2 percent of persons who are classified as “untrustworthy” are either in detention or re-education.

2020 February, Adrian Zenz, “The Karakax List: Dissecting the Anatomy of Beijing’s Internment Drive in Xinjiang”, in Journal of Political Risk, volume 8, number 2, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-02-17:


喀瓦克

/kʰä⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/kʰä⁵⁵ wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(～鄉) Kawak, Kawake (a township in Karakax, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Aqsaray

Borrowed from Uyghur ئاقساراي (aqsaray).

The first example is by a poet called Ablimit Sämät, who composed these verses about his native village Aqsaray near Khotän in south-west Xinjiang, one of the least developed parts of the Autonomous Region.

2007, Ildikó Bellér-Hann, editor, Situating the Uyghurs Between China and Central Asia, Ashgate, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 90:

A Uyghur auxiliary officer in Aqsaray township, in Hotan’s Karakash (Moyu) county, said the local government had been recruiting security personnel since last year, with the only requirement for applicants being that no one within three generations of their family had been involved in “political problems.”

2017 April 18, “HAN CHINESE OFFERED TRIPLE SALARY OF UYGHURS IN XINJIANG POLICE RECRUITMENT DRIVE”, in World Uyghur Congress; Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2020-09-12, Uyghur Related News:

When asked about whether a target percentage of re-education arrests had been ordered by authorities, an official from No. 1 Village, in Qaraqash’s Aqsaray township, confirmed the directive, but referred RFA to the local Communist Party secretary—who had recently been admitted to the hospital and was unreachable—for the exact number.

2017 October 9, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Nearly Half of Uyghurs in Xinjiang’s Hotan Targeted For Re-Education Camps”, in Alim Seytoff, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2018-02-02:

The Communist Party secretary of the village of Aqsaray in the Qaraqash region near Hotan was ordered to target 40% of the population of the village as potential unreliable elements in need of re-education.

2021, Michael Dillon, China in the Age of Xi Jinping, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, →OCLC:


阿克薩拉依

ㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙㄚˋ ㄌㄚ ㄧ

ㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙㄚˋ ㄌㄚ ㄧ

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ i⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹ lä⁵⁵ i⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Aqsaray, Akesalayi (a township in Karakax, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Yawa

"By this statement he implied he was angry with our justice system, so we had monitored their their actions over the past 10 years, and they had to submit an application if they wanted to leave Yawa township," added Sadir.

2016 December 29, Shohret Hoshur, Qiao Long, Luisetta Mudie, “Five Dead After 'Terror Attack,' Explosion in China's Xinjiang”, in Shohret Hoshur, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2016-12-30:


烏爾其

/u⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/u⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

(～鄉) Urchi, Wu'erqi (a township in Karakax, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Urchi

The head of Urchi township in Hotan’s Qaraqash (Moyu) county said she had heard “about a month ago” that a burial management center had been constructed and would be “opening soon.”

2018 April 19, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Xinjiang Authorities Use ‘Burial Management Centers’ to Subvert Uyghur Funeral Traditions”, in Alim Seytoff, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2018-04-19:

Abduheber Ahmet, the imam of the Dongbagh Mosque in Urchi township, in Hotan’s Qaraqash (Moyu) county, was initially detained in May 2017 and handed a five and a half-year jail term a month later, the ruling Chinese Communist Party secretary of Urchi township told RFA’s Uyghur Service.

2018 May 10, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Xinjiang Authorities Jail Uyghur Imam Who Took Son to Unsanctioned Religious School”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2018-05-10:


桑株

/sɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

/sɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Sanju, Sangzhu (a town in Pishan, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


科克鐵熱克

ㄎㄜ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄖㄜˋ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄎㄜ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄖㄜˋ ㄎㄜˋ

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/kʰɤ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Uyghur كۆكتېرەك (köktërek).

(～鄉) Kokterak, Keketiereke (a township in Pishan, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


木奎拉

/mu⁵¹ kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/mu⁵¹ kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Mokoyla, Mukuila (a township in Pishan, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


藏桂

/t͡sʰɑŋ³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɑŋ³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

(～鄉) Zangguy, Canggui (a township in Pishan, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


皮西那

/pʰi³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

/pʰi³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/

(～鄉) Pixna, Pixina (a township in Pishan, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


碑林

(～區) Beilin (a district of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)