大連

→ English: Dalian, Talien, Ta-lien

/tä⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/tai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ l̃ieŋ⁵³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɛn²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɛn¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ liɛn²³/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ liaŋ⁵⁵/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ lieŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/tai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ l̃ieŋ⁵³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɛn²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² liɛn²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ liɛn¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ liɛn²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ liɛn²³/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ liaŋ⁵⁵/

/tai³⁵⁻¹¹ lieŋ⁵⁵/

Ultimately from the name of the original Russian settlement, Russian Да́льний (Dálʹnij, literally “distant”). Folk etymology suggests a derivation from 褡褳／褡裢 (dālian, “type of rectangle-shaped pocket with a pouch in the middle and two bags at the ends”).

zh-l

(～市) Dalian (a subprovincial city of Liaoning, China)


大連

→ English: Dairen

Dalian (a major subprovincial city of Liaoning, in northeastern China)


大連

chữ Hán form of Đại Liên (“Dalian (a major subprovincial city of Liaoning, in northeastern China)”)


蘭州

→ English: Lan-chou, Lanchow, Lanzhou

/län³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/læ̃²⁴ ʈ͡ʂou⁵¹/

/laːn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/laŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/

/le²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/län³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/læ̃²⁴ ʈ͡ʂou⁵¹/

/laːn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/laŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/

/le²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

Coined in 581 with the establishment of 蘭州府 (“Lan prefecture”). Named after 皋蘭山／皋兰山.

(～府) (historical) Lan (a former prefecture of modern Gansu Province, China)

(～市) Lanzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Gansu, China)


蘭州

Lanzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Gansu, in northwestern China)


拉薩

/la⁴⁴⁻³⁵ sat̚¹/

/l̃a⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɑʔ²⁴/

/la⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬaʔ²¹/

/la⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ɬaʔ²/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² sat̚³²/

/la⁴⁴⁻³³ sat̚³²/

/la⁴⁴⁻³⁵ sat̚¹/

/l̃a⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɑʔ²⁴/

/la⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬaʔ²¹/

/la⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ɬaʔ²/

/la⁴⁴⁻²² sat̚³²/

/la⁴⁴⁻³³ sat̚³²/

Borrowed from Manchu ᠯᠠᠰᠠ (lasa), from Classical Tibetan ལྷ་ས (lha sa).

(～市) Lhasa (the capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


太原

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ jyːn²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/tʰai⁴² ŋœŋ¹³/

/tʰai⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ŋyøŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡuan²³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ jyːn²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/tʰaɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/tʰai⁴² ŋœŋ¹³/

/tʰai⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ŋyøŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡuan²³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Taiyuan (a prefecture-level city, provincial capital, and largest city in Shanxi, in northern China)


太原

Taiyuan (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Shanxi, in northern China)


Tian Shan

/ˌtjɛn ˈʃɑːn/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanisation of Mandarin 天山 (Tiān Shān), from Uyghur تەڭرىتاغ (tengritagh, literally “Mountains of God (Tengri)”) (Tengri Tagh).

der

Tian-shan (alternative)
Tianshan (alternative)
Tian-Shan (alternative)
Tien Shan (alternative)
Tienshan (alternative)

WHEN in 1892, on a journey into Central Asia, I first made acquaintance with a small portion of the Central Tian-Shan, I received, even by a mere flying visit, abiding impressions of its magnificent mountain chains.

[1905, Gottfried Merzbacher, The Central Tian-Shan Mountains 1902-1903, London: John Murray, →OCLC, →OL, page 1:

Next they turned against Ma Chung-ying and drove him back to the T'ienshan mountains. But the Red Russian forces when pursuing him received a severe check at a well-known pass, called Tapancheng, where Ma had strongly entrenched himself with about 500 men.

[1935 March 20 [1935 March 10], “ANOTHER CHINESE LOSS IN SINKIANG”, in North-China Herald and Supreme Court & Consular Gazette, volume CXCIV, number 3528, Shanghai, sourced from Peiping, →OCLC, page 448, column 2:

Warm letters and precious gifts came pouring in to the construction site from all parts of the country. Among the gifts were saw-wort seeds gathered from the Tienshan Mountains by workers in Singkiang^([sic – meaning Sinkiang]), chingko barley from emancipated serfs in Tibet, earth from people in quake-stricken Tangshan who were rebuilding their homes, water and sand from the Taiwan Straits from P.L.A. men on the Fukien frontline, colour pebbles from Yuhuatai, Nanking, milky quartz from the Kunlun Mountains, camellias from Tali, Yunnan, azaleas from Kangting, Szechuan, earth from the Chingkang Mountains, Kiangsi, water from Nanniwan, Shensi, etc. They embodied the profound proletarian feelings of the people of all nationalities for Chairman Mao.

[1977 September, “The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall Successfully Completed”, in China Pictorial, Peking: China Pictorial, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 10:

During my inspection of counties in Changchi Prefecture last September, I came to realize that the irrigation of the Sinkiang farmland depended mainly on the melted snow of the Tienshan Mountains.

[1978 July 11 [1978 July 8], “Leading Cadres Must Accept Criticism and Supervision From the Masses”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 133, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Urumchi Sinkiang Regional Service, translation of original by Wang Feng (in Mandarin), →ISSN, →OCLC, National Affairs, page E 15:

We have descended Tian Shan and entered the Taklamakan Desert, a barren landscape painted in ecru—no shrubs, no grass, only waves upon waves of naked ridges the color of buff, the highest few spotted with white specks of snow.

2009, Y.J. Zhu, “Taklamakan Desert Moon Ride”, in Lucy McCauley, editor, The Best Women's Travel Writing 2009: True Stories from Around the World (Travelers' Tales), →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, →OL, page 154:

The excavation of the KaraDjigach site, in the Chu-Valley within the foothills of the Tian Shan mountains of Kyrgyzstan, in August 1886.

2022 June 16, Dave Kindy, “DNA evidence reveals where the Black Death began”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-06-17, RETROPOLIS:


선전

Koreans in China
Xinhai Revolution
ko:선전시

[sʰʌ̹ɲd͡ʑʌ̹n]


Shenzhen

/ˌʃɛnˈd͡ʒɛn/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 深圳 (Shēnzhèn), from 深 (shēn, “deep”) + 圳 (zhèn, “irrigation ditch”).

Encyclopædia Britannica
In 1979 Shenzhen was a small border city of some 30,000 inhabitants that served as a customs stop into mainland China from Hong Kong.

Over the next two years, China set up four “special economic zones” as testing grounds for free-enterprise practices like foreign investment and tax incentives. The largest zone was Shenzhen, about fifty miles south of Dongguan, which quickly became a symbol of a freewheeling China always open for business. Shenzhen was a planned showcase city, willed into being by leaders in Beijing and supported by government ministries and the companies under them.

2008, Leslie T. Chang, Factory Girls: From Village to City in a Changing China, New York: Spiegel & Grau, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 29:

The tiny 0.8-square-kilometer Luohu District was where the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone really got off to a good start.

2009, Lanqing Li, “The Birth of Special Economic Zones”, in Ling Yuan, Zhang Siying, transl., Breaking Through: The Birth of China's Opening-Up Policy, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 122:

The blockage of the Suez Canal in March? No, there is another disruption in global shipping. This time, the problem lies in Shenzhen, a sprawling metropolis adjacent to Hong Kong in southeastern China.

2021 June 21, Keith Bradsher, “Chinese port difficulties amid a Covid outbreak further snarl global trade.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-06-21, Business:

A major subprovincial city of Guangdong, in southeastern China.


Shenzhen

Shenzhen (a major subprovincial city of Guangdong, in southeastern China)


郊區

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² kʰu⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

/kau⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy²¹/

Jiao District (a district of Tongling, Anhui, China)


Mantsjoerije

Manchuria (a historical region of northeastern China comprising the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang and the northeastern part of Inner Mongolia)


Sjanghai

Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)


雷鋒

/leɪ̯³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/leɪ̯³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

Named after Lei Feng (1940–1962), a soldier of the People's Liberation Army in the People's Republic of China.

(～街道) Leifeng (a subdistrict of Wangcheng district, Changsha, Hunan, China)


資源

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Ziyuan County (a county of Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


बेजिंग

hi-proper noun

बेजिंग • (bejiṅg) m (Urdu spelling بیجنگ)

bejiṅg (romanization)
بیجنگ (Urdu)
बेजिंग (direct singular)
बेजिंग (oblique singular)
बेजिंग (singular vocative)

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


بیجنگ

ur-proper noun

بیجنگ • (bejiṅg) m (Hindi spelling बेजिंग)

/beː.d͡ʒɪŋɡ/


বেইজিং

head

বেইজিং • (beijiṅ)

bn-proper noun

বেইজিং • (beijiṅ)

beijiṅ (romanization)
বেজিং (alternative India)
পিকিং (alternative dated)


公平

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (公平):
* → Japanese: 公平(こうへい) (kōhei)
* → Korean: 공평(公平) (gongpyeong)
* → Vietnamese: công bình (公平), công bằng (公平)

→ Zhuang: goengbingz

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/kɔŋ³³ pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pɛ̃¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pẽ²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/kɔŋ³³ pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pĩ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pɛ̃¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pẽ²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰiɪŋ²⁴/

/koŋ³³⁻²³ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Gongping (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Gongping (a town in Haifeng, Shanwei, Guangdong, China)


Suifenhe

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 綏芬河 /绥芬河 (Suífēnhé).

Sui-fen-ho (alternative)
Suifenho (alternative)

That flight arrived just days after China said that it would close, effective Monday, its last overland crossing at Suifenhe, a small city across the border from Russia’s Far East.

2020 April 13, “Britain Is Expected to Extend Coronavirus Lockdown: Live Coverage”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-04-13, ASIA PACIFIC:

Suifenhe and Harbin, capital of Heilongjiang, are now mandating 28 days of quarantine for all arrivals from abroad as well as nucleic acid and antibody tests.

2020 April 13, “China reports highest number of Covid-19 cases in weeks”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2020-04-14:


綠化

/ly⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² faː³³/

/liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hua²¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hua¹¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hua²¹/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua¹¹/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua²¹/

/ly⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² faː³³/

/liɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hua²¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hua¹¹/

/liɪk̚⁴⁻³² hua²¹/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua¹¹/

/liɔk̚⁴⁻³² hua²¹/

(～村) Lühua (a village in Yonglong, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


光明

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kɔŋ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

(～區) Guangming (a district of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China)

(～社區) Guangming (a community in Chengzhong, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


Heihe

From Mandarin 黑河 (Hēihé, literally “black river”) referring to the Amur.

bor

Nunkiang is a county of 450,000 people on a wide area, one of the counties of Heiho prefecture.

[1977 November, Rewi Alley, “To Heiho on the Heilungkiang”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XVI, number 11, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 8, column 2:

Trade between Heihe and Blagoveshchensk reopened in 1986, and in 2000 a small special economic zone was formed along the border to encourage commerce. Shop fronts in Heihe display signs in both Chinese characters and Russian Cyrillic.

2015 December 15, Michael Schuman, “Thaw in China-Russia Relations Hasn’t Trickled Down”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-12-16, International Business:

But the current outbreak has hit more than 40 cities, and officials in Heihe -- a northern city on the border with Russia -- said they would offer 100,000 yuan ($15,500) as a reward for information.
"In order to uncover the source of this virus outbreak as soon as possible and find out the chain of transmission, it is necessary to wage a people's war of epidemic prevention and control," the city government said in a notice.

2021 November 9, “Chinese city offers cash for clues in Covid 'people's war'”, in France 24, sourced from Beijing (AFP), archived from the original on 2021-11-09, Live news:

A prefecture-level city of Heilongjiang, China, on the Russian border, across the Amur river from the Russian city of Blagoveshchensk.

خِيخِه

a prefecture-level city in northeastern China


Jiamusi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 佳木斯 (Jiāmùsī)

Chia-mu-ssu (alternative)
Kiamusze (alternative)

Approximately 140,000 Korean troops have participated in training and combat action with the Chinese Communist forces in one of three categories: (a) the Korean Volunteer Army, which was formed from Koreans in Communist-held China and Manchuria during 1945-46; (b) USSR-trained Koreans, who were transferred from north Korea and were integrated into the Korean Volunteer Army or Chinese Communist Army to gain combat experience; and (c) USSR-trained Koreans, who participated in training at Chiamussu, Manchuria, or attended the officer’s candidate school at Lungchingtsun, Manchuria.

[1950 September 18, “Fourth Report of the United Nations Command Operations in Korea, for the Period August 16-31, 1950”, in The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, volume III, ABC-CLIO, published 2010, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 1206, column 2:

In northeastern China, a passenger train collided with a coal-loaded truck early Thursday, killing the train driver and injuring 10 people, the official Xinhua News Agency said. The incident happened at a railway crossing in Jiamusi city in Heilongjiang province.

2013 October 24, “2 dead, 62 injured in China train collisions”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2023-03-10:

A prefecture-level city of Heilongjiang, China.


星星

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵⁵ siŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵⁵ siŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ¹¹ ɕiŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/ɕin⁴⁴ ɕin⁵³/

/ɕin³³ ɕin³⁴/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵²/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/siŋ⁴⁴ siŋ³¹/

/siŋ³³ siŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiŋ¹¹ ɕiŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ɕin⁴⁴ ɕin⁵³/

/ɕin³³ ɕin³⁴/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵²/

/ɕiŋ³³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/siŋ⁴⁴ siŋ³¹/

/siŋ³³ siŋ⁵⁵/

(～社區) Xingxing (a community in Chengzhong, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


梅花

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/puei¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/puei²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/muĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/me̞i̯¹³ ɸa̠³³/

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/puei¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/puei²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/muĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/me̞i̯¹³ ɸa̠³³/

(～鎮) Meihua (a town in Changle district, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


Mudanjiang

/muːdɑːnd͡ʒiˈɑːŋ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 牡丹江 (Mǔdānjiāng).

Mu-tan-chiang (alternative)
Mutankiang (alternative)

A railway and a road to Harbin ran through this area. Fortifications, machine gun nests and artillery units protected the approaches to the city of Mutanchiang. The Soviets started two simultaneous assaults — against Mutanchiang, executed by the 1st and 5th Armies, and on nearby Linkou, carried out by the 59th Rifle Corps of the 1st Army along with the tanks of 75th Tank Brigade.

[2006, Andrzej M. Tomczyk, Japońska Broń Pancerna [Japanese Armor], volume 5, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 124, column 2:

Workers set up surveillance cameras at a residential compound following cases of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang province, China April 14, 2022.

2022 April 20, Xie Yu, Samuel Shen, “For China investors, COVID lockdowns are the clear and present danger”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-04-20, China:


Manzhouli

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 滿洲里 (Mǎnzhōulǐ).

Man-chou-li (alternative)
Manchouli (alternative)
Manchuli (alternative)

The city of Manzhouli in the northern Chinese region of Inner Mongolia, a small border town near Russia, said from Wednesday it would suspend taking some non-containerised rail cargo arriving from abroad that requires manual loading and unloading, including coal and fertiliser.
The measure comes as Inner Mongolia reported a total of 41 domestically transmitted cases with confirmed symptoms on Sunday and Monday. More than half of the cases were found in Manzhouli.

2021 November 30, Roxanne Liu, Gabriel Crossley, “UPDATE 2-Chinese border cities limit rail imports amid COVID outbreak in the north”, in Christopher Cushing, Edwina Gibbs, Nick Macfie, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-10, Commodities News:

A city in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China, on the border with Russia and Mongolia.


Quảng Đông

[kwaːŋ˧˩ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[kwaːŋ˧˨ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ ʔɗəwŋ͡m˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Quảng Đông.wav

Bắc giáp nước Tàu, liền với tỉnh Quảng-đông, Quảng-tây và Vân-nam.

1920, Trần Trọng Kim, Việt Nam sử lược, volume I, Trung Bắc Tân Văn, page 4:

To the north lies the country of the Chinamen, with the provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan immediately bordering [Vietnam].

Guangdong (a populous province of China, located on the southern coast)


Song

(historical) A former empire in China, occupying the eastern half of modern China.

A river in China; any of various minor rivers in China.


一元

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～街道) Yiyuan (a subdistrict of Jiang'an district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


凌雲

/lɪŋ²¹ wɐn²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hun²⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ hun²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hun²⁴/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² in¹³/

/lɪŋ²¹ wɐn²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² hun²⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ hun²³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hun²⁴/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² in¹³/

(～縣) Lingyun (a county of Baise, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


南岸

/nän³⁵ ˀän⁵¹/

/naːm²¹ ŋɔːn²²/

/nän³⁵ ˀän⁵¹/

/naːm²¹ ŋɔːn²²/

(～區) Nan'an (a district of Chongqing, China)


玉門

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (玉門):
* → Japanese: 玉(ぎょく)門(もん) (gyokumon)
* → Korean: 옥문(玉門) (ongmun)

(～市) Yumen (a county-level city of Jiuquan, Gansu, China)


臨海

/lin³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/lin³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～縣) Linhai County (a county-level city of Zhejiang, China)


密雲

/mɐt̚² wɐn²¹/

/mɐt̚² wɐn²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Miyun (a district and former county of Beijing, China)


三門

Sino-Xenic (三門):
* → Japanese: 三門(さんもん) (sanmon)
* → Korean: 삼문(三門) (sammun)

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

(～縣) Sanmen (a county of Taizhou, Zhejiang, China)


七星

→ Zhuang: Gihsingh

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰĩ³³/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐt̚⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰit̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰĩ³³/

(～區) Qixing District (a district of Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


內蒙

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ³⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² mʊŋ²¹/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ mɤŋ³⁵/

/nɔːi̯²² mʊŋ²¹/

ellipsis of 內蒙古 /内蒙古 (= Inner Mongolia): an autonomous region of China


新華

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

(～區) Xinhua (a district of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China)

(～區) Xinhua (a district of Cangzhou, Hebei, China)

(～街道) Xinhua (a subdistrict of Jianghan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～街道) Xinhua (a subdistrict of Xiaonan district, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Xinhua (a town in Shennongjia, Hubei, China, formerly a township)


Con đường tơ lụa

[kɔn˧˧ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ təː˧˧ luə˧˨ʔ]

[kɔŋ˧˧ ʔɗɨəŋ˦˩ təː˧˧ luə˨˩ʔ]

[kɔŋ˧˧ ʔɗɨəŋ˨˩ təː˧˧ luə˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Con đường tơ lụa.wav


Aksay

A Kazakh autonomous county in Jiuquan, Gansu, China.


Шанхай

head

Шанхай • (Šanxaj)

mn-prop

Шанхай • (Šanxaj)

Borrowed from Russian Шанхай (Šanxaj), from Chinese 上海 (Shànghǎi).

Shanghai (a direct-administered municipality and major port city in eastern China)


Шанхай

ru-proper noun+

Шанха́й • (Šanxáj) m inan (genitive Шанха́я, relational adjective шанха́йский)

Шанха́й (canonical)
Šanxáj (romanization)
Шанха́я (genitive)
шанха́йский (adjective relational)
Шанха́й (nominative singular)
Шанха́я (genitive singular)
Шанха́ю (dative singular)
Шанха́й (accusative singular)
Шанха́ем (instrumental singular)
Шанха́е (prepositional singular)


Thượng Hải

[tʰɨəŋ˧˨ʔ haːj˧˩]

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩ʔ haːj˧˨]

[tʰɨəŋ˨˩˨ haːj˨˩˦]

Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)


Amour

The world's ninth longest river, forming the border between the Far East of Russia and Northeastern China, emptying into the Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Tartary, where the mouth of the river faces the northern end of the island of Sakhalin


Гуанчжоу

ru-proper noun

Гуанчжо́у • (Guančžóu) m inan (indeclinable)

Гуанчжо́у (canonical)
Guančžóu (romanization)

[ɡʊanˈd͡ʐʐoʊ]

Guangzhou (the capital city of Guangdong, China)


Харбин

Harbin (a subprovincial city, the capital of Heilongjiang, China)

Kazakh alphabets#Arabic script
Kazakh alphabets#Cyrillic script
Kazakh alphabets#Latin script


Харбин

ru-proper noun+

Харби́н • (Xarbín) m inan (genitive Харби́на)

Харби́н (canonical)
Xarbín (romanization)
Харби́на (genitive)
Харби́н (nominative singular)
Харби́на (genitive singular)
Харби́ну (dative singular)
Харби́н (accusative singular)
Харби́ном (instrumental singular)
Харби́не (prepositional singular)

Borrowed from Mandarin 哈爾濱 /哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn).


Шэньчжэнь

ru-proper noun+

Шэньчжэ́нь • (Šɛnʹčžɛ́nʹ) m inan (genitive Шэньчжэ́ня)

Шэньчжэ́нь (canonical)
Šɛnʹčžɛ́nʹ (romanization)
Шэньчжэ́ня (genitive)
Шэньчжэ́нь (nominative singular)
Шэньчжэ́ня (genitive singular)
Шэньчжэ́ню (dative singular)
Шэньчжэ́нь (accusative singular)
Шэньчжэ́нем (instrumental singular)
Шэньчжэ́не (prepositional singular)

[ʂɛnʲˈd͡ʐʐɛnʲ]

Shenzhen (a major subprovincial city in southern Guangdong, China)

ru:Шэньчжэнь


Нанкин

Нанки́н • (Nankín) m inan (genitive Нанки́на)

Нанки́н (canonical)
Nankín (romanization)
Нанки́на (genitive)
Нанки́н (nominative singular)
Нанки́на (genitive singular)
Нанки́ну (dative singular)
Нанки́н (accusative singular)
Нанки́ном (instrumental singular)
Нанки́не (prepositional singular)


Тяньцзинь

тяньцзи́ньский

Тяньцзи́нь • (Tjanʹczínʹ) m inan (genitive Тяньцзи́ня, relational adjective тяньцзи́ньский)

Тяньцзи́нь (canonical)
Tjanʹczínʹ (romanization)
Тяньцзи́ня (genitive)
тяньцзи́ньский (adjective relational)
Тяньцзи́нь (nominative singular)
Тяньцзи́ня (genitive singular)
Тяньцзи́ню (dative singular)
Тяньцзи́нь (accusative singular)
Тяньцзи́нем (instrumental singular)
Тяньцзи́не (prepositional singular)

Tianjin (a direct-administered municipality and major city in northern China, between Beijing and the Bohai Bay)

ru:Тяньцзинь


Cantón

Ultimately from Mandarin 廣東 /广东 (Guǎngdōng), possibly via Portuguese Cantão. Compare English Canton, French Canton, Italian Canton, Russian Кантон (Kanton).

Cantong (alternative obsolete)
Canton (alternative obsolete)
Quanton (alternative obsolete)
Quantonia (alternative obsolete)
Quantong (alternative obsolete)
Quantung (alternative obsolete)
Quangtong (alternative obsolete)
Quangtung (alternative obsolete)
Cuangtong (alternative obsolete)
Cuantong (alternative obsolete)

Guangzhou (a major prefecture-level city and port, the capital and largest city of Guangdong, in southeastern China)

Guangdong (a populous province of China, located on the southern coast)


Ханчжоу

ru-proper noun

Ханчжо́у • (Xančžóu) m inan (indeclinable)

Ханчжо́у (canonical)
Xančžóu (romanization)

Hangzhou (the capital city of Zhejiang, China)


Сучжоу

Сучжо́у • (Sučžóu) m inan (indeclinable)

Сучжо́у (canonical)
Sučžóu (romanization)


Сиань

ru-proper noun+

Сиа́нь • (Siánʹ) m inan (genitive Сиа́ня, relational adjective сиа́ньский)

Сиа́нь (canonical)
Siánʹ (romanization)
Сиа́ня (genitive)
сиа́ньский (adjective relational)
Сиа́нь (nominative singular)
Сиа́ня (genitive singular)
Сиа́ню (dative singular)
Сиа́нь (accusative singular)
Сиа́нем (instrumental singular)
Сиа́не (prepositional singular)

Xi'an (the capital city of Shaanxi, China)


青島

desc

→ English: Qingdao, Tsingtao, Ch'ing-tao

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ to³¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾no³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁵³/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ tau⁵²/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ to³¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾no³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² to⁵³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁵³/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ tau⁵²/

(～市) Qingdao (a subprovincial city of Shandong, China)


青島

Qingdao (a subprovincial city in eastern Shandong, in eastern China)


武漢

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (武漢):
* → Japanese: 武(ぶ)漢(かん) (Bukan)
* → Korean: 무한(武漢) (Muhan)
* → Vietnamese: Vũ Hán (武漢)

→ English: Wuhan, Wu-han, Wu Han

→ Georgian: უხანი (uxani)

→ Korean: 우한 (Uhan)

→ Russian: Уха́нь (Uxánʹ)

→ Zhuang: Vujhan

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän⁵¹/

/mou̯¹³ hɔːn³³/

/ʋu³¹ hɔn⁵³/

/u³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɑŋ²¹³/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ han⁴¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han¹¹/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵²⁻³⁵ haŋ²¹³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ xän⁵¹/

/mou̯¹³ hɔːn³³/

/ʋu³¹ hɔn⁵³/

/u³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɑŋ²¹³/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ han⁴¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ han¹¹/

/bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ han²¹/

/bu⁵²⁻³⁵ haŋ²¹³/

From 武昌 (Wǔchāng) + 漢口 /汉口 (Hànkǒu), two of the three towns that were merged to form Wuhan.

(～市) Wuhan (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Hubei, China)


Циндао

ru-proper noun

Цинда́о • (Cindáo) m inan (indeclinable)

Цинда́о (canonical)
Cindáo (romanization)

Qingdao (a major subprovincial city in eastern Shandong, China)


Далянь

ru-proper noun+

Даля́нь • (Daljánʹ) m inan (genitive Даля́ня)

Даля́нь (canonical)
Daljánʹ (romanization)
Даля́ня (genitive)
Даля́нь (nominative singular)
Даля́ня (genitive singular)
Даля́ню (dative singular)
Даля́нь (accusative singular)
Даля́нем (instrumental singular)
Даля́не (prepositional singular)


Чунцин

Чунци́н • (Čuncín) m inan (genitive Чунци́на)

Чунци́н (canonical)
Čuncín (romanization)
Чунци́на (genitive)
Чунци́н (nominative singular)
Чунци́на (genitive singular)
Чунци́ну (dative singular)
Чунци́н (accusative singular)
Чунци́ном (instrumental singular)
Чунци́не (prepositional singular)

Borrowed from Mandarin 重慶 /重庆 (chóngqìng).

bor+

Chongqing (a direct-administered municipality and city in western China)


重慶

ja-r

重慶(じゅうけい) (Jūkei)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (重慶):
* → Japanese: 重慶(じゅうけい) (Jūkei)
* → Korean: 중경(重慶) (Junggyeong)
* → Vietnamese: Trùng Khánh (重慶)

desc

→ English: Chongqing, Chungching, Ch'ung-ch'ing, Chungking, Tchang-king

→ Japanese: 重慶(チョンチン) (Chonchin)

→ Korean: 충칭 (Chungching)

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ²¹ t͡ɕʰin²¹³/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ hɪŋ³³/

/t͡sʰuŋ¹¹ kʰin⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʰin⁵³/

/tʰyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/tyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/tœŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰiŋ⁴²/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kʰiŋ⁴²/

/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kʰiɪŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰeŋ²¹³/

/zoŋ²² t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ²¹ t͡ɕʰin²¹³/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ hɪŋ³³/

/t͡sʰuŋ¹¹ kʰin⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kʰin⁵³/

/tʰyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/tyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((kʰ-))ŋɛiŋ²¹³/

/tœŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰiŋ⁴²/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kʰiŋ⁴²/

/tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ⁴¹/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ kʰiɪŋ¹¹/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kʰiɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kʰeŋ²¹³/

/zoŋ²² t͡ɕʰin⁴⁴/

Literally "double celebration", named in 1189 after Emperor Guangzong of Song was crowned as both king and emperor.

I just received a letter from Chongqing.

Wǒ gānggāng shōudào yī fēng cóng Chóngqìng jì lái de xìn.

我剛剛收到一封從重慶寄來的信。

我刚刚收到一封从重庆寄来的信。

(～市) Chongqing (a direct-administered municipality and city in western China)


重慶

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 重慶 /重庆 (chóngqìng).


Manchúria

[mɐ̃ˈʃu.ɾɪ.ɐ]

/mɐ̃ˈʃu.ɾjɐ/

[mɐ̃ˈʃu.ɾɪ.ɐ]

/mɐ̃ˈʃu.ɾjɐ/

/mɐ̃ˈʃu.ɾjɐ/

/mɐ̃ˈʃu.ɾjɐ/

/mɐ̃ˈt͡ʃu.ɾjɐ/

Used by western nations starting in the 19th century, from Manchú + -ia, from Manchu ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ (manju); the 'R' was added for ease of pronunciation.

Manchuria (a historical region of northeastern China comprising the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang and the northeastern part of Inner Mongolia)


다롄

zh-l

大連／大连 (Dàlián)

Dalian (a subprovincial city of Liaoning, China)


Алтай

Altay (a prefecture of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

Altay (a city in Altay prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Алтай

Kazakh alphabets#Arabic script
Kazakh alphabets#Cyrillic script
Kazakh alphabets#Latin script
kk:Алтай


Алтай

a prefecture of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China

a city in Altay prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China


Алтай

ru-proper noun+

Алта́й • (Altáj) m inan (genitive Алта́я, relational adjective алта́йский)

Алта́й (canonical)
Altáj (romanization)
Алта́я (genitive)
алта́йский (adjective relational)
Алта́й (nominative singular)
Алта́я (genitive singular)
Алта́ю (dative singular)
Алта́й (accusative singular)
Алта́ем (instrumental singular)
Алта́е (prepositional singular)

* For definition 2, clipping of Респу́блика Алта́й (Respúblika Altáj, “Altai Republic”).
* For definition 3, clipping of Алта́йский край (Altájskij kraj, “Altai Krai”).

clipping

Респу́блика Алта́й

Алта́йский край


Алтай

Altay (romanization)
Алтай (absolute singular)
Алтайлар (absolute plural)
Алтайдыҥ (definite genitive singular)
Алтайлардыҥ (definite genitive plural)
Алтайга (dative singular)
Алтайларга (dative plural)
Алтайды (accusative definite singular)
Алтайларды (accusative definite plural)
Алтайда (locative singular)
Алтайларда (locative plural)
Алтайдаҥ (ablative singular)
Алтайлардаҥ (ablative plural)


Синьцзян

ru-proper noun+

Синьцзя́н • (Sinʹczján) m inan (genitive Синьцзя́на)

Синьцзя́н (canonical)
Sinʹczján (romanization)
Синьцзя́на (genitive)
Синьцзя́н (nominative singular)
Синьцзя́на (genitive singular)
Синьцзя́ну (dative singular)
Синьцзя́н (accusative singular)
Синьцзя́ном (instrumental singular)
Синьцзя́не (prepositional singular)

Xinjiang (a Uyghur autonomous region of China, located in the sparsely populated northwest)


Хэйлунцзян

хэйлунцзя́нский

Хэйлунцзя́н • (Xɛjlunczján) m inan (genitive Хэйлунцзя́на, relational adjective хэйлунцзя́нский)

Хэйлунцзя́н (canonical)
Xɛjlunczján (romanization)
Хэйлунцзя́на (genitive)
хэйлунцзя́нский (adjective relational)
Хэйлунцзя́н (nominative singular)
Хэйлунцзя́на (genitive singular)
Хэйлунцзя́ну (dative singular)
Хэйлунцзя́н (accusative singular)
Хэйлунцзя́ном (instrumental singular)
Хэйлунцзя́не (prepositional singular)

Heilongjiang (a province in northeastern China)

ru:Хэйлунцзян


Амур

Аму́р • (Amúr) m inan (genitive Аму́ра, relational adjective аму́рский)

Аму́р (canonical)
Amúr (romanization)
Аму́ра (genitive)
аму́рский (adjective relational)
Аму́р (nominative singular)
Аму́ра (genitive singular)
Аму́ру (dative singular)
Аму́р (accusative singular)
Аму́ром (instrumental singular)
Аму́ре (prepositional singular)

→ Armenian: Ամուր (Amur)

→ English: Amur

Of Tungusic origin. From the same root whence Solon amur (“river”).

Amur (a river on the border between China and Russia)


Сицзан

Сицза́н • (Siczán) m inan (genitive Сицза́на)

Сицза́н (canonical)
Siczán (romanization)
Сицза́на (genitive)
Сицза́н (nominative singular)
Сицза́на (genitive singular)
Сицза́ну (dative singular)
Сицза́н (accusative singular)
Сицза́ном (instrumental singular)
Сицза́не (prepositional singular)

ru:Тибетский автономный район


Внутренняя Монголия

Вну́тренняя Монго́лия • (Vnútrennjaja Mongólija) f inan (genitive Вну́тренней Монго́лии)

Вну́тренняя Монго́лия (canonical)
Vnútrennjaja Mongólija (romanization)
Вну́тренней Монго́лии (genitive)
Вну́тренняя Монго́лия (nominative singular)
Вну́тренней Монго́лии (genitive singular)
Вну́тренней Монго́лии (dative singular)
Вну́треннюю Монго́лию (accusative singular)
Вну́тренней Монго́лией (instrumental singular)
Вну́треннею Монго́лиею (instrumental singular)
Вну́тренней Монго́лии (prepositional singular)

Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia#English:_Q41079

Inner Mongolia (a Mongolian autonomous region of China)

ru:Внутренняя Монголия


Хайнань

Хайна́нь • (Xajnánʹ) m inan (genitive Хайна́ня)

Хайна́нь (canonical)
Xajnánʹ (romanization)
Хайна́ня (genitive)
Хайна́нь (nominative singular)
Хайна́ня (genitive singular)
Хайна́ню (dative singular)
Хайна́нь (accusative singular)
Хайна́нем (instrumental singular)
Хайна́не (prepositional singular)

Hainan (an island and province of China)


Ухань

Уха́нь • (Uxánʹ) m inan (genitive Уха́ня, relational adjective уха́ньский)

Уха́нь (canonical)
Uxánʹ (romanization)
Уха́ня (genitive)
уха́ньский (adjective relational)
Уха́нь (nominative singular)
Уха́ня (genitive singular)
Уха́ню (dative singular)
Уха́нь (accusative singular)
Уха́нем (instrumental singular)
Уха́не (prepositional singular)
Уха́нь (dated nominative singular)
Уха́ня (dated genitive singular)
Уха́ню (dated dative singular)
Уха́нь (accusative dated singular)
Уха́немъ (dated instrumental singular)
Уха́нѣ (dated prepositional singular)

Sense 2 derives from a mispronunciation by US House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi of "Сла́ва Украї́ні (Sláva Ukrajíni)" as "Сла́ва Уха́ни (Sláva Uxáni)" in a speech held in March 2022.

quote-web

2022 March 16, RealMacReport, “Real Mac Report on X: "The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs released a hilarious video of Nancy Pelosi saying "Slava Wuhani" (Glory to Wuhan) and "President Kerensky" instead of Zelensky." / X”, in X:

Wuhan (the capital city of Hubei, China)


烏魯木齊

desc

→ English: Wulumuchi, Wu-lu-mu-ch'i, Wulumuqi

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄑㄧˊ

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄑㄧˊ

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ mʊk̚² t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/

ou¹ lou³ borh⁷ ze² [Phonetic:ou⁵ lou⁵ borh⁶ ze²]

/ɔu⁵³³⁻¹¹ lɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ pɒʔ⁴⁻²¹ t͡se¹³/

/ɔu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lɔu³³²⁻²¹ pɒʔ⁴⁻² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡se¹³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ³³ lɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡se²⁴/

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ mʊk̚² t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/

/ɔu⁵³³⁻¹¹ lɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ pɒʔ⁴⁻²¹ t͡se¹³/

/ɔu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lɔu³³²⁻²¹ pɒʔ⁴⁻² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡se¹³/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡se²⁴/

/ɔ³³ lɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡se²⁴/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡠᡵᡠᠮᠴᡳ (urumci), from Written Oirat ᡇᠷᡇᡏᡔᡅ (urumci), from Chagatai اورُمجی (ūrumǧī /ürümči/).

乌鲁木齐
烏嚕木齊
乌鲁木齐
烏漉木製
烏櫓莫濟
烏鹵沐齊
烏鹵沐債
烏魯沐債
烏漉沐漬

On September 11th, 1985, Rugosa rose was chosen as Wlumuqi's^([sic – meaning Wulumuqi's]) city flower at the 18th Session of the Standing Committee of the 9th MPC of Wulumuqi, and the elm tree as Wulumuqi's city tree.

1989, China City Flowers (中国城市市花) p.88 & 89 →ISBN

1985 nián 9 yuè 11 rì, Wūlǔmùqí Shì réndà chángwěihuì dì 9 jiè 18 cì huìyì shàng, jiāng méigui dìng wéi shì huā, tóngshí dìng dà yè yú wèi shì shù.

1985年9月11日，烏魯木齊市人大常委會第9屆18次會議上，將玫瑰定為市花，同時定大葉榆為市樹。

1985年9月11日，乌鲁木齐市人大常委会第9届18次会议上，将玫瑰定为市花，同时定大叶榆为市树。

(～市) Ürümqi (a prefecture-level city, the capital of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～縣) Ürümqi (a county of Ürümqi city, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


甘肅

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (甘肅):
* → Japanese: 甘(かん)粛(しゅく) (Kanshuku)
* → Korean: 감숙(甘肅) (Gamsuk)
* → Vietnamese: Cam Túc (甘肅)

→ English: Gansu, Kansu

/kɐm⁵⁵ sʊk̚⁵/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ɕiʊk̚¹/

/kaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nøyʔ²⁴/

/kaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬœʔ²¹/

/kaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ɬyøʔ²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻²² siɔk̚³²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔk̚³²/

/kø⁵⁵ soʔ²¹/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sʊk̚⁵/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ɕiʊk̚¹/

/kaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nøyʔ²⁴/

/kaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬœʔ²¹/

/kaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ɬyøʔ²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻²² siɔk̚³²/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔk̚³²/

/kø⁵⁵ soʔ²¹/

Blend of 甘州 (Gānzhōu) + 肅州／肃州 (Sùzhōu); coined in 1286 with the establishment of 甘肅等處行中書省.

zh-l

肅州／肃州 (Sùzhōu)

(～省) Gansu (a province in northwestern China)


廣西

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (廣西):
* → Japanese: 広西(こうせい) (Kōsei)
* → Korean: 광서(廣西) (Gwangseo)
* → Vietnamese: Quảng Tây (廣西)

→ English: Guangxi, Kwangsi, Kwongsai

→ French: Guangxi, Kouang-Si

→ Korean: 광시 (Gwangsi)

→ Manchu: ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᠰᡳ (guwangsi)

→ Mongolian: ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩᠰᠢ (ɣuwangsi)

→ Portuguese: Guangxi

→ Russian: Гуанси́ (Guansí)

→ Uyghur: گۇاڭشى (guangshi)

→ Zhuang: Guengjsae, Gvangjsih

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵ ɬai³³/

/koŋ²⁴⁻³³ si⁵³/

/kuɔŋ³¹ ɕi⁴⁴/

/kuoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/kŋ̍³³²⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))ne⁵⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai³³/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴/

/kɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ sai³³/

/kʷʊŋ³³ ɬəi⁵³/

/kuɑ̃³³ ɕi⁴⁴/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵ ɬai³³/

/koŋ²⁴⁻³³ si⁵³/

/kuɔŋ³¹ ɕi⁴⁴/

/kuoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/kŋ̍³³²⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))ne⁵⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai³³/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kuĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴/

/kŋ̍⁵³⁻⁴⁴ se⁴⁴/

/kɯŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ sai³³/

/kʷʊŋ³³ ɬəi⁵³/

/kuɑ̃³³ ɕi⁴⁴/

Named after Guangnan West Circuit 廣南西路／广南西路 (Guǎngnán Xī Lù) of the Song dynasty.

zh-l

廣南西路／广南西路 (Guǎngnán Xī Lù)

Zhou Qufei, Representative Answers from the Region beyond the Mountains, 12ᵗʰ century CE

Lìzhī, Guǎngxī zhū jùn suǒ chǎn, shuài pí hòu ròu bó, hé dà wèi suān, bùyí pù gān, fēi Mǐnzhōng bǐ, jiā zhě mòrú Xīnghuà.

荔枝，廣西諸郡所產，率皮厚肉薄，核大味酸，不宜曝乾，非閩中比，佳者莫如興化。

荔枝，广西诸郡所产，率皮厚肉薄，核大味酸，不宜曝干，非闽中比，佳者莫如兴化。

～壯族自治區 廣西壯族自治區#Chinese

～僮族自治區 廣西僮族自治區#Chinese

(～壯族自治區, formerly ～僮族自治區, ～省) Guangxi (a Zhuang autonomous region of China)


廣西

Sawndip form of Gvangjsih: Guangxi (a Zhuang autonomous region of China)


貴州

→ English: Guizhou

→ Manchu: ᡤᡠᡳ
ᠵᡝᠣ (gui jeo)

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siu³³/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siu³³/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kui⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡siu³³/

/kui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siu³³/

Corruption of earlier 矩州 (Jǔzhōu); used since Song dynasty.

貴州的別稱是黔。

贵州的别称是黔。

(～省) Guizhou (a province in southwestern China)


浙江

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (浙江):
* → Japanese: 浙江(せっこう) (sekkō)
* → Korean: 절강(浙江) (jeolgang)
* → Vietnamese: Chiết Giang (浙江)

desc

→ English: Che-chiang, Che-keang, Chekiang, Zhejiang, Zhe Jiang, Chekiang, Che-chiang, Chê-chiang (Wade–Giles), Che-keang, Che-kyang, Chequiam (obsolete), Jhejiang, Zhe Jiang

→ Manchu: ᠵᡝᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩ (jegiyang)

→ Zhuang: Cezgyangh

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɑŋ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːt̚³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡set̚⁵⁵ kɔŋ³³/

/t͡sɛt̚⁵ kɔŋ²/

/t͡ʃat⁵⁻² koŋ⁵³/

/t͡sat̚¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sieʔ²⁴⁻²¹ kouŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kaŋ⁵³³/

/t͡siɛʔ²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sik̚²⁻⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡səʔ³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡səʔ⁴⁴ kɑ̃²³/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɑŋ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːt̚³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡set̚⁵⁵ kɔŋ³³/

/t͡sɛt̚⁵ kɔŋ²/

/t͡ʃat⁵⁻² koŋ⁵³/

/t͡sat̚¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sieʔ²⁴⁻²¹ kouŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kaŋ⁵³³/

/t͡siɛʔ²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sik̚²⁻⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡səʔ³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡səʔ⁴⁴ kɑ̃²³/

Classic of Mountains and Seas
Qiantang River

The ancient name of the Qiantang River. First attested in the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

(～省) Zhejiang (a province in eastern China)

When the First Emperor of Ch’in crossed River Che on a visit to Kuaichi, Hsiang Liang and Hsiang Yu looked on. “That one could be captured and replaced,” exclaimed Hsiang Yu. “Don't talk absurdities!” said Hsiang Liang, putting his hand over his nephew’s mouth. “Do you want our clan wiped out?”

The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

Qín shǐhuángdì yóu Kuàijī, dù Zhèjiāng, Liáng yǔ Jí jù guān. Jí yuē: “Bǐ kě qǔ ér dài yě.” Liáng yǎn qí kǒu, yuē: “Wú wàngyán, zú yǐ!”

秦始皇帝游會稽，渡浙江，梁與籍俱觀。籍曰：“彼可取而代也。”梁掩其口，曰：“毋妄言，族矣！”

秦始皇帝游会稽，渡浙江，梁与籍俱观。籍曰：“彼可取而代也。”梁掩其口，曰：“毋妄言，族矣！”

At the time Shen Ch’ung of Wu-hsing was a prefecture magistrate, and was just then escorting a guest across the Che River. When he and his guest appeared, the innkeeper evacuated Ch’u, and moved him down to the ox shed. The tidal bore arrived. Shen got up and was strolling back and forth.

Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE

Ěrshí Wúxīng Shěn Chōng wéi xiànlìng, dāng sòngkè guò Zhèjiāng, kè chū, tínglì qū gōng yí niúwū xià. Cháoshuǐ zhì, Shěn-lìng qǐ pánghuáng.

爾時吳興沈充爲縣令，當送客過浙江，客出，亭吏驅公移牛屋下。潮水至，沈令起彷徨。

尔时吴兴沈充为县令，当送客过浙江，客出，亭吏驱公移牛屋下。潮水至，沈令起彷徨。

The tidal bore on the Che River is one of the greatest sights of the world.

c. 1280s, Zhou Mi, Reminiscences of Wulin, translated by Richard Strassberg

Zhèjiāng zhī cháo, tiānxià zhī wěiguān yě.

浙江之潮，天下之偉觀也。

浙江之潮，天下之伟观也。

(historical) Zhe River (the former name of the Qiantang River in Zhejiang, China)


江西

→ Thai: กังไส (gang-sǎi, “Jingdezhen porcelain”) (via Min Nan)

→ Manchu: ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩᠰᡳ (giyangsi)

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ³³ ɬai³³/

/kɔŋ⁴² ɕi⁴²/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴/

/kouŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sai⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/kaŋ³³⁻²³ sai³³/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ³³ ɬai³³/

/kɔŋ⁴² ɕi⁴²/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴/

/kouŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nɛ⁵⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sai⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sai⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/kaŋ³³⁻²³ sai³³/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

;“Jiangxi Province”
;“Region to the north of the Yangtze River”

(～省) Jiangxi (a province in southern China)


江西

hanja form of 강서 :
Jiangxi (a province in southern China)


海口

→ English: Haikou, Hai-k'ou, Hoihow

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/hai⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kʰieu⁴⁵³/

/hai³³²⁻²¹ kʰieu³³²/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁴¹/

/he³³ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/hai⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kʰieu⁴⁵³/

/hai³³²⁻²¹ kʰieu³³²/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/hai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁴¹/

/he³³ kʰɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Haikou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Hainan, China)


海口

Haikou (the capital city of Hainan, China)


長春

→ English: Changchun, Ch'ang-ch'un

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ t͡sʰun²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰoŋ⁵⁵ t͡ʃʰun⁵³/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tyɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³³/

dyoeng² cuong¹ [Phonetic:dyoeng⁵ cuong¹]

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun³³/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/zã²² t͡sʰən⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ t͡sʰun²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰoŋ⁵⁵ t͡ʃʰun⁵³/

/t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tyɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³³/

/tyøŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰun³³/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

/zã²² t͡sʰən⁴⁴/

(～市) Changchun (a subprovincial city, provincial capital, and largest city in Jilin, China)


長春

Changchun (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Jilin, in northeastern China)


昆明

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (昆明):
* → Japanese: 昆(こん)明(めい) (Konmei)
* → Vietnamese: Côn Minh (昆明)

→ English: Kunming

→ Hungarian: Kunming

→ Portuguese: Kunming

→ Russian: Куньми́н (Kunʹmín)

→ Spanish: Kunming

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/

/kʰouŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/kʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kʰuŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³⁵ min¹¹/

/kʰouŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/kʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/kʰuŋ³³⁻²³ meŋ⁵⁵/

Originally the endonym of an ethnic group living in what is now western Yunnan province and southwestern Sichuan province.

(～市) Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China)


瀋陽

Sino-Xenic (瀋陽):
* → Japanese: 瀋陽(しんよう) (Shin'yō)
* → Korean: 심양(瀋陽) (Simyang)
* → Vietnamese: Thẩm Dương (瀋陽)

→ English: Shenyang, Shen-yang

→ Japanese: 瀋(シェン)陽(ヤン) (Shen'yan)

→ Korean: 선양 (Seonyang)

→ Zhuang: Sinjyangz

/ʂən²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐm³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/sɨm³¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/ʃim²⁴⁻³³ ʒoŋ⁵⁵/

/səm³¹ iɔŋ¹¹/

/ɬiŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ yɒŋ¹³/

/ɬiŋ³³²⁻⁵⁵ yøŋ²⁴/

/sim⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²³/

/sim⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iaŋ¹³/

/ʂən²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐm³⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/sɨm³¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/ʃim²⁴⁻³³ ʒoŋ⁵⁵/

/səm³¹ iɔŋ¹¹/

/ɬiŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ yɒŋ¹³/

/ɬiŋ³³²⁻⁵⁵ yøŋ²⁴/

/sim⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²³/

/sim⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²⁴/

/sim⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iaŋ¹³/

Named in reference to its location to the north (the sunny side) of the Shen River. Coined in 1296 when the Shen Prefecture (瀋州／沈州) was converted to Shenyang Circuit (瀋陽路).

(～市) Shenyang (a subprovincial city, provincial capital, and largest city in Liaoning, China)


瀋陽

Shenyang (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Liaoning, China)


石家莊

desc

→ English: Shijiazhuang, Shih-chia-chuang

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kaː⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sak̚⁵ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/

/sak̚⁵ ka⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

sih⁷ gor¹ zorng¹ [Phonetic:sih⁶ gor² zorng¹]

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ kɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ t͡sɒŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

sih⁷ gor¹ zung¹ [Phonetic:sih⁶ gor² lung¹]

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ kɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^((t͡s-))luŋ⁵³³/

sih⁷ gor¹ zng¹ [Phonetic:sih⁶ gor² lng¹]

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^((t͡s-))lŋ̍⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ka³³ t͡sŋ̍³³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kaː⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sak̚⁵ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/

/sak̚⁵ ka⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ kɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ t͡sɒŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻²¹ kɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^((t͡s-))luŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiʔ⁴⁻² kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^((t͡s-))lŋ̍⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ka³³ t͡sŋ̍³³/

/t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

(～市) Shijiazhuang (a prefecture-level city, provincial capital, and largest city in Hebei, China)


成都

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (成都):
* → Japanese: 成(せい)都(と) (Seito)
* → Korean: 성도(成都) (Seongdo)
* → Vietnamese: Thành Đô (成都)

→ English: Chengdu, Chengtu, Ch'eng-tu

→ French: Chengdu, Tcheng-tou

ja-r

チョントゥー (Chontū)

→ Japanese: チョントゥー (Chontū), チェンドゥ (Chendu)

→ Korean: 청두 (Cheongdu)

→ Manchu: ᠴᡝᠩ
ᡩᡠ (ceng du)

→ Portuguese: Chengdu

→ Russian: Чэнду́ (Čɛndú)

→ Zhuang: Cwngzduh

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰən²¹ tu⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nu⁵⁵/

/ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ tɔu⁵³³/

/ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tɔu⁵⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ³³/

/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tou³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰən²¹ tu⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵/

/siŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nu⁵⁵/

/ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ tɔu⁵³³/

/ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ tɔu⁵⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² tɔ³³/

/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tɔ⁴⁴/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴/

/seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tou³³/

May be the transcription of a native non-Chinese word. Attested on excavated artefacts dating to the late Warring States Period, as well as in the Records of the Grand Historian.
Compare 邛都, 新都 (Xīndū), 廣都／广都, 筰都, 武都 (Wǔdū), all of which are toponyms in present-day southwest China with 都 (OC *taː) as the second syllable. In particular, according to the Records of the Grand Historian, 邛都 (OC *ɡoŋ taː) and 筰都 (OC *zaːɡ taː) were originally names of tribes that were "Southwestern Barbarians" (西南夷 (Xīnányí)).

zh-l

西南夷 (Xīnányí)

(～市) Chengdu (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, China)


成都

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 成都 (Chéngdū).

obor

Chengdu (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, in southwestern China)


合肥

/xɤ³⁵ feɪ̯³⁵/

/haʔ⁴⁻²¹ hi¹³/

/haʔ⁴⁻² hi²⁴/

/haʔ⁴⁻²¹ pui¹³/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pui¹³/

/ɦəʔ¹¹ vi²³/

/xɤ³⁵ feɪ̯³⁵/

/haʔ⁴⁻²¹ hi¹³/

/haʔ⁴⁻² hi²⁴/

/haʔ⁴⁻²¹ pui¹³/

/hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pui¹³/

/ɦəʔ¹¹ vi²³/

(～市) Hefei (a prefecture-level city, provincial capital, and largest city in Anhui, China)


合肥

Hefei (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Anhui, China)


鄭州

desc

English: Cheng-chou, Chengchow, Zhengzhou

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛːŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵ t͡su²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰaŋ³³ t͡ʃiu⁵³/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵³ t͡su⁴⁴/

/tĩ⁴¹⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/tĩ²²⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tɛ̃²²⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/zən²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛːŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵ t͡su²⁴/

/t͡ʃʰaŋ³³ t͡ʃiu⁵³/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵³ t͡su⁴⁴/

/tĩ⁴¹⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/tĩ²²⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/tɛ̃²²⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/zən²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Zhengzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Henan, in central China)


홍콩

홍콩에 가다

홍콩에 보내다

Hong Kong (a city, island and special administrative region in southeastern China)


Маньчжурия

ru-proper noun+

Маньчжу́рия • (Manʹčžúrija) f inan (genitive Маньчжу́рии)

Маньчжу́рия (canonical)
Manʹčžúrija (romanization)
Маньчжу́рии (genitive)
Маньчжу́рия (nominative singular)
Маньчжу́рии (genitive singular)
Маньчжу́рии (dative singular)
Маньчжу́рию (accusative singular)
Маньчжу́рией (instrumental singular)
Маньчжу́риею (instrumental singular)
Маньчжу́рии (prepositional singular)
Маньчжу́рія (alternative)

→ Ingrian: Mancžjuria

⇒ Manchu: ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠᡵ (manjur)

⇒ Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ (manǰuur)

Cyrillic script: Манжуур (Manžuur)

ru:Маньчжурия
ru:Маньчжурия (город)

[mɐnʲˈd͡ʐʐurʲɪjə]

Мань чжу́ ри я

Manchuria (a historical region of northeastern China comprising the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang and the northeastern part of Inner Mongolia)

Manzhouli, Manchouli (a city in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


YRD

A comparison between the PRD and the YRD shows big similarities, with one city being the clear leader in both cases, although this is not without problems. For Hong Kong serious challenges come from Guangzhou and Shenzhen, while for Shanghai, Hangzhou and Nanjing are competing, but also the famous cities Wuxi and Suzhou in between Nanjing and Shanghai are important competitors. However, Nanjing also wants to be an independent regional capital, while at the same time Nanjing is becoming more and more part of the YRD and faces competition and complementarity with Shanghai and the cities emerging between Nanjing and Shanghai.

2006, Meine Pieter van Dijk, “Competition Based on Successful Urban Management: Pearl River Delta Versus the Yangtze River Delta”, in Managing Cities in Developing Countries: The Theory and Practice of Urban Management, Edward Elgar Publishing, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 183:

Hangzhou is part of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), an engine of growth during China’s boom years but now the source of a third of non-performing loans in the country.[…]
Steel and textile manufacturers in Xiaoshan, like other private firms around the YRD, sought to overcome such obstacles by providing loan guarantees for each other to gain bank credit.

2014 April 27, Gabriel Wildau, Koh Gui Qing, Shanghai Newsroom, “In wealthy Chinese city, debt guarantees spark default contagion”, in John Mair, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-04-22, Business News:

Economic transition and upgrading is directly related to the characteristics of national development strategy. Therefore, to promote economic transition and upgrading effectively, to avoid falling into the middle-income trap, and to switch the driving force of development successfully, the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region must change its development strategy from the “late-developing advantage” one into a “first mover advantage” one.[…]Under the condition of insufficient investment, high administrative barriers, and inadequate globalization of service industry, the YRD region should pay as much attention to the development of the service industry as it did in the industrialization before to take lead in changing the development mode of service industry.

2015, Zhibiao Liu, “Development Strategy, Restructuring and Upgrading, Innovation-Driven Development and Transformation of the Development Mode of Service Industry”, in Zhibiao Liu, Xiaochun Li, editors, Transition of the Yangtze River Delta: From Global Manufacturing Center to Global Innovation Center (New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives), volume 5, Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 1:

Governments in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) have promised to give market forces free rein in building infrastructure and creating unified public service platforms as the mainland’s most affluent region seeks to develop in synergy under Beijing’s directions.
Authorities in Shanghai and the provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui – which together make up the YRD area – are inviting construction companies, institutional investors, research institutes and consultancies to play a dominant role in developing the so-called demonstration zone, essentially a pilot zone that forms a key part of the YRD integration initiative.

2022 August 10, Daniel Ren, “Yangtze River Delta governments take a back seat, giving market forces free rein in developing infrastructure”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-10, China Business:

Yangtze River Delta
Yangtze River Delta#English

Initialism of Yangtze River Delta: a region eastern China, bordering the East China Sea; An area on the east coast of China, containing Shanghai, Nanjing (“Nanking”), Suzhou (“Soochow”), Hangzhou (“Hangchow”).


高峰

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/kɔ³³ hɔŋ³³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kau³³⁻²³ hoŋ³³/

/kɔ⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ko²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/kɔ³³ hɔŋ³³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kau³³⁻²³ hoŋ³³/

/kɔ⁵⁵ foŋ²¹/

(～村) Gaofeng (a village in Wudian, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


天安門

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/hen³³ ᵘɔn³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴ mun¹¹/

teng¹ ang¹ muei² [Phonetic:teng⁵ ang⁵ muei²]

/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ muei¹³/

teng¹ ang¹ mui² [Phonetic:teng⁵ ang⁵ mui²]

/tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ mui²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ an³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³⁻²³ muŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³⁻²³ muŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵ muːn²¹/

/hen³³ ᵘɔn³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴ mun¹¹/

/tʰɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ muei¹³/

/tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ mui²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ an³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/tʰiaŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³⁻²³ muŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰieŋ³³⁻²³ aŋ³³⁻²³ muŋ⁵⁵/

Gate of Heavenly Peace
Gate of Heavenly Peace#English

Tian'anmen, Tiananmen, Gate of Heavenly Peace (a gate in Beijing, China)


新建

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Xinjian (a district and former county of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China)

(～社區) Xinjian (a community in Zhucheng, Xinzhou district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Xinjian (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


黒竜江

黒竜江 (canonical)
Kokuryūkō (romanization)

[ko̞kɯ̟ɾʲɨːko̞ː]

Heilongjiang (a province in northeastern China)


広州

ja-pos

広(こう)州(しゅう) • (Kōshū)

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 廣州 /广州 (Guǎngzhōu).

obor

Guangzhou (the capital and largest city of Guangdong, China)


三亞

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (三亞):
* → Vietnamese: Tam Á (三亞)

→ English: Sanya

/sän⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ aː³³/

/sän⁵⁵ jä⁵¹/

/sän⁵⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ aː³³/

First attested in 1521 in 正德瓊台志.
Wang (2014) suggests that 三亞 is borrowed from a Hlai word meaning "field with crows".
* 三 (Hainanese /ta¹/) is borrowed from Hlai dax (“field; farmland”) (Heitu dialect: /naː²/).
* 亞／亚 (Hainanese /a¹/) is likely borrowed from Hlai eek (“crow”) (Heitu dialect: /ʔaːʔ⁹/).
Note that toponyms with 三 as the first character are common in southern Hainan where the Hlai (Li) people live.
Originally referring to the area around Sanya Harbor (三亞港), it replaced 崖縣／崖县 (Yáxiàn, “Ya County”) in 1984 to refer to the entire prefecture-level city.

(～市) Sanya (a prefecture-level city of Hainan, China)


Санья

ru-proper noun+

Санья́ • (Sanʹjá) f inan (genitive Саньи́)

Санья́ (canonical)
Sanʹjá (romanization)
Саньи́ (genitive)
Санья́ (nominative singular)
Саньи́ (genitive singular)
Санье́ (dative singular)
Санью́ (accusative singular)
Саньёй (instrumental singular)
Саньёю (instrumental singular)
Санье́ (prepositional singular)

Sanya (a resort city, a prefecture-level city on Hainan island, Hainan province, China)

ru:Санья (Китай)


芭蕉

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴ t͡ɕiɔː²⁴/

/pa²⁴ t͡ɕiɔː⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/ˈpa⁴² t͡ɕiɛu⁴²/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡seu̯²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/pa⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

/po⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/pa²⁴ t͡ɕiɔː²⁴/

/pa²⁴ t͡ɕiɔː⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/ˈpa⁴² t͡ɕiɛu⁴²/

/pa²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡seu̯²⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/pa⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/pa⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

/po⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

(～侗族鄉) Bajiao (a township in Enshi, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


大德

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tiɪk̚⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tiɪk̚⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tiɪk̚³²/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tiɪk̚³²/

(～鎮) Dade (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


大同

→ English: Datong, Tatung

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰuŋ¹¹/

/tʰai³³ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/tai¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ¹³/

/tai²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

/tä⁵¹ tʰʊŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰʊŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰuŋ¹¹/

/tʰai³³ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/tai¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ¹³/

/tai²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɒŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ²³/

The philosophical sense is from the Book of Rites, Book 9 (《禮記·禮運》)

… In this way (selfish) schemings were repressed and found no development. Robbers, filchers, and rebellious traitors did not show themselves, and hence the outer doors remained open, and were not shut. This was (the period of) what we call the Grand Union.

The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

...... Shìgù móu bì ér bù xīng, dàoqiè luànzéi ér bù zuò, gù wàihù ér bù bì, shì wèi dàtóng.

……是故謀閉而不興，盜竊亂賊而不作，故外戶而不閉，是謂大同。

……是故谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼而不作，故外户而不闭，是谓大同。

(～市) Datong (a prefecture-level city of Shanxi, China)

Yunzhou District
Yunzhou District#English

(～縣) (historical) Datong (a former county of Datong, Shanxi, China; modern Yunzhou District)

Datong District
w:Datong District, Daqing

(～區) Datong District (a district of Daqing, Heilongjiang, China)

(～社區) Datong (a residential community in Zhicheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)


江北

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ poʔ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ poʔ²¹/

(～區) Jiangbei (a district of Chongqing, China)

(～區) Jiangbei (a district of Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)


Ao

From atonal romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 鰲 /鳌 (Áo) and 敖 (Áo).

To produce leather goods, plants dumped an estimated 8,000 tonnes of waste a day into the Ao River, transforming its once-clear waters into a foul-smelling cesspool.

2004 July 3, Ray Cheung, “Polluted pig-leather capital is cleaned up”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-11-24:

The Ao River currently provides water for Lianjian^([sic – meaning Lianjiang]) County, irrigation for agriculture, water to villages for drinking, to fish farms, animal farms, and industries. Before the construction of the Shanzai dam the dry season flow in the Ao River at the water works at downstream Lianjian^([sic – meaning Lianjiang]) County has fallen so low (to 8.5m³/sec) that it was necessary to limited the water intake rate to the water works.[…](iii) obtain how data or the Ao River at Lianjian^([sic – meaning Lianjiang]) County from the Fujian Provincial Hydrology Department to monitor the effect of water diversion from the Tang Ban Reservoir on the quality and quantity of downstream water;[…]

1998, Fuzhou Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Project in the People's Republic of China, Asian Development Bank, →OCLC, pages 10, 17:

Chiang said her father was born in Lianjiang, and he knew very well that if there was no dike, places like Gui'an and Taoyuan villages would be flooded every year.
"Just a while ago, when it rained heavily, waterlogging can be seen in many places. At that time, I was looking at the course of the Aojiang River, when I suddenly realized that we were defending our homeland."

[2021 December 12, “Three ordinary Taiwan locals who made new lives across the Strait”, in huaxia, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2023-04-08:


کشمیر

head

کَشمیر • (kašmir)

fa-proper noun

کَشمیر • (kašmir)

کَشمیر (canonical)
kašmir (romanization)

[kʰʲæʃ.míːɹ]

Borrowed from Sanskrit कश्मीर (kaśmīra).

6th A.H., Abul-Ma'ālī Nasrullāh-i Munšī, "Kabūtar-i Tawq-dār [کبوتر طوقدار]", Kalīla u Dimna.
آوردهاند که در ناحیت کشمیر متصیَّدی خوش و مرغزاری نزه بود که از عکس ریاحین او، پر زاغ چون دم طاووس نمودی و در پیش جمال او دم طاووس به پر زاغ مانستی.
âvarda-and ki dar nâhiyat-i kašmîr mutasayyadê xwaš u marġzârê nazih bûd ki az aks-i rayâhîn-i û, par-i zâġ čun dum-i tâvûs namûdê va dar pêš-i jamâl-i û, dum-i tâvûs ba par-i zâġ mânistê.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Kashmir (a contested geographic region of South Asia in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, located between (and de facto divided between) India, Pakistan and China)


کشمیر

ur-noun

کَشْمِیر • (kaśmīr) m (Hindi spelling कश्मीर)

کَشْمِیر (canonical)
kaśmīr (romanization)
कश्मीर (Hindi)

→ English: Cashmere, cashmere

→ English: Kashmir (learned)

Borrowed from Classical Persian کشمیر (kašmīr), potentially also a learned borrowing from Sanskrit कश्मीर (kaśmīra), which is probably a contraction of कश्यपमीर (kaśyapamīra) or कश्यपमेरु (kaśyapameru). Compare Kashmiri کٔشیٖر (kạśīr).

lbor

Azad Kashmir (an autonomous territory administered by Pakistan; capital: Muzaffarabad)

Jammu Kashmir (a union territory of India; capitals: Srinagar and Jammu)


方正

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/

(～縣) Fangzheng (a county of Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)


新豐

/ɕin⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin³³ hɔŋ³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ɕin⁵⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin³³ hɔŋ³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/

(～縣) Xinfeng (a county of Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)


半月

/pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɥɛ⁵¹/

(～鎮) Banyue (a town in Dangyang, Yichang, Hubei, China)


Tibätän

Tibätän (nominative singular)
Tibätäna (genitive singular)
Tibätäne (dative singular)
Tibätäni (accusative singular)
o Tibätän! (singular vocative)
Tibätänu (predicative singular)


Zanda

From Tibetan རྩ་མདའ (rtsa mda'), (Tibetan Pinyin: Zanda)

Here at Manam Gonpa, there is an enormous complex of ruins which even now holds untold precious works of art, buried beneath the rubble. A further trek of 21 km will bring you to Toling, capital of Tsamda county, on the left bank of the Sutlej.

[1996 January, “Far-west Tibet”, in Gyurme Dorje, editor, Tibet Handbook: with Bhutan, Passport Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 425, column 1:

A county of Ngari prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.


興平

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

(～市) Xingping (a county-level city of Xianyang, Shaanxi, China)

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Xingping (a town in Yuli, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


建安

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ an³³/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ an⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ an³³/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ an⁴⁴/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ an⁴⁴/

(～區) Jian'an (a district of Xuchang, Henan, China)


天王

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ ɦuɑ̃²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ¹³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ²³/

/tʰi⁵⁵ ɦuɑ̃²¹/

Earliest extant attestation is in the Spring and Autumn Annals [c. 5th century BCE]:
*

circa

5th century <small class='ce-date'>BCE</small>

In autumn, in the seventh month, the Heaven-appointed king sent the [sub] administrator Xuan with a present of [two] carriages and their horses for the funerals of duke Hui and [his wife] the second-born Zi.

Spring and Autumn Annals, c. 5th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Qiū, qīyuè, tiānwáng shǐ zǎi Xuān lái guī Huìgōng Zhòngzǐ zhī fèng.

秋，七月，天王使宰咺來歸惠公仲子之賵。

秋，七月，天王使宰咺来归惠公仲子之赗。

(～村) Tianwang (a village in Xinshi, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


魚鱗

/jyː²¹⁻³⁵ lɵn²¹/

/ᵑɡui²²⁻²¹ lin²²/

/ŋ̍¹¹ lin¹¹/

/ŋy³³ saiŋ³³/

/ŋy⁵³⁻³³ l̃iŋ⁵³/

/hy¹³⁻¹¹ lɛŋ¹³/

/hy²⁴⁻²¹ lɛŋ²⁴/

/hɯ²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/hu²⁴⁻¹¹ lan²⁴/

/hi²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/hi¹³⁻²² lan¹³/

/hi²³⁻³³ lan²³/

/hɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ laŋ⁵⁵/

/jyː²¹⁻³⁵ lɵn²¹/

/ᵑɡui²²⁻²¹ lin²²/

/ŋ̍¹¹ lin¹¹/

/ŋy³³ saiŋ³³/

/ŋy⁵³⁻³³ l̃iŋ⁵³/

/hy¹³⁻¹¹ lɛŋ¹³/

/hy²⁴⁻²¹ lɛŋ²⁴/

/hɯ²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/hu²⁴⁻¹¹ lan²⁴/

/hi²⁴⁻²² lan²⁴/

/hi¹³⁻²² lan¹³/

/hi²³⁻³³ lan²³/

/hɯ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ laŋ⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Yulin (a township in Wuxi, Chongqing, China)


Yangzi

Yang-tzu (alternative)
Yang-tzŭ (alternative)

Defense Mapping Agency
Yangzi (disambiguation)

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 洋梓 (Yángzǐ).

洋梓

a town in central China; a residential community in central China; a village in central China

Liu Cuilan at Bailing Village of Yangzi Town in Zhongxiang city has a large house of 140 meters² (about 1506 ft².) for the [Christians] gatherings, which was torn down by the policemen from Yingzhong police station in August 2001.

2001 December 17, “Brief report on the financial loss of the church in Hubei”, in Congressional-Executive Commission on China, archived from the original on 2014-09-23:

A town in Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China.

A residential community in Yangzi, Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China.

A village in Yangzi, Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China.


太白

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ paɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ paːk̚²/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪk̚²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚¹²¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪk̚⁴/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ paɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰaːi̯³³ paːk̚²/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪk̚²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚¹²¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪk̚⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪk̚⁴/

(～縣) Taibai (a county of Baoji, Shaanxi, China)


流水

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐu̯²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/lau²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/liu²⁴⁻²² sui⁵⁵⁴/

/li̯oʊ̯³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐu̯²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/lau²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/liu²⁴⁻²² sui⁵⁵⁴/

(～鎮) Liushui (a town in Yicheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Liushui (a town in Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


Mandžusko

Manchuria (a historical region of northeastern China comprising the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang and the northeastern part of Inner Mongolia)


Šanghaj

cs-proper noun

Šanghaj f (relational adjective šanghajský, demonym Šanghajan or Šanghajec)

šanghajský (adjective relational)
Šanghajan (demonym)
Šanghajec (demonym)
Šanghaj (nominative singular)
Šanghaje (genitive singular)
Šanghaji (dative singular)
Šanghaj (accusative singular)
Šanghaji (singular vocative)
Šanghaji (locative singular)
Šanghají (instrumental singular)

Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)


Šanghaj

sk-proper noun

Šanghaj m inan (genitive singular Šanghaja, declension pattern of stroj)

Šanghaja (genitive singular)
stroj (declension-pattern-of)


聯盟

/li̯ɛn³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/lyːn²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻³³ mɛiŋ⁵³/

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ mɛŋ¹³/

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɛŋ²⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/biɛn¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵/

/lyːn²¹ mɐŋ²¹/

/l̃ieŋ⁵³⁻³³ mɛiŋ⁵³/

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ mɛŋ¹³/

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɛŋ²⁴/

/liɛn²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/liɛn¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/liɛn²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/biɛn¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

(～村) Lianmeng (a village in Zhashan, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


民權

/min³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ kʰyːn²¹/

/min³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/

/mɐn²¹ kʰyːn²¹/

(～縣) Minquan (a county of Shangqiu, Henan, China)

(～街道) Minquan (a subdistrict of Jianghan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


邯鄲

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (邯鄲):
* → Japanese: 邯鄲(かんたん) (Kantan)
* → Korean: 한단(邯鄲) (Handan)

→ English: Handan, Han-tan

/xän³⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ taːn⁵⁵/

/xän³⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ taːn⁵⁵/

(～市) Handan (a prefecture-level city of Hebei, China)

(～縣) (historical) Handan (a former county of Handan, Hebei, China, succeeded by Congtai and Hanshan Districts)


Mian

In 1978 the Administrative Office for Cultural Relics of Mian County, Shaanxi, conducted excavations of four tombs found in the course of agricultural improvements.

1987, The Quest for Eternity: Chinese Ceramic Sculptures from the People's Republic of China, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 116:

Large numbers of pottery dogs have been excavated from tombs all over China.² For example, a pottery dog was excavated from an Eastern Han tomb at Laodaosi, Mian county, Shaanxi.³

1990, Candace J. Lewis, “Han dynasty”, in Into the Afterlife: Han and Six Dynasties Chinese Tomb Sculpture from the Schloss Collection, Poughkeepsie, New York: Vassar College Art Gallery, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 60:

The unearthed cultural relics of Mian County not only indicate that rice-fish culture in China dates further back in the historical record, but also fills an important gap in kind in the history of rice-fish culture in China. Mian County is located in the Hanzhong basin south of Qinlin mountain, near the border of Sichuan and Shanxi Provinces.

1992, Li Kangmin, “Rice-Fish Farming Systems in China: Past, Present and Future”, in Rice-Fish Research and Development in Asia, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 18, column 1:


মঙ্গোলিয়া

head

মঙ্গোলিয়া • (Môṅgoliẏa)

bn-proper noun

মঙ্গোলিয়া • (Môṅgoliẏa)

bn:মঙ্গোলিয়া

(chiefly historical) Mongolia (a Mongolian-speaking geographic region in East Asia, including the country of Mongolia (Outer Mongolia), the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia in China, and sometimes also Buryatia, Tuva and the Altai Republic in Russia)


東平

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Dongping (a county of Tai'an, Shandong, China)


Kaszmir

pl-prop

Kaszmir m inan (related adjective kaszmirski)

kaszmirski (adjective)
Kaszmir (nominative singular)
Kaszmiru (genitive singular)
Kaszmirowi (dative singular)
Kaszmir (accusative singular)
Kaszmirem (instrumental singular)
Kaszmirze (locative singular)
Kaszmirze (singular vocative)

Kashmir (a contested geographic region of South Asia in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, located between (and de facto divided between) India, Pakistan and China)


綜合

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ³³ hɐp̚²/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ hɐp̚²/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hap̚⁵/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hap̚⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ³³ hap̚²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ haʔ⁴/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɦəʔ²¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʊŋ³³ hɐp̚²/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ hɐp̚²/

/t͡suŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hap̚⁵/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hap̚⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ³³ hap̚²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hap̚¹²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ hap̚⁴/

/t͡soŋ³³⁻²³ haʔ⁴/

/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ ɦəʔ²¹/

(～村) Zonghe (a village in Zhonglu, Lichuan, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


宜城

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jiː²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jiː²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

(～市) Yicheng (a county-level city of Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

經濟技術開發區 經濟技術開發區#Chinese

(～經濟技術開發區) Yicheng (an economic and technological development zone in Yicheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


Моңғолия

kk-prop

Моңғо́лия • (Moñğóliä)

Моңғо́лия (canonical)
Moñğóliä (romanization)

моңғо́л (moñğól) + -ия (-iä).

suffix

моңғо́л (moñğól) + -ия (-iä)

Kazakh alphabets#Arabic script
Kazakh alphabets#Cyrillic script
Kazakh alphabets#Latin script
kk:Моңғолия


Jan̄ai

/tʲæɰŋæɰjij/

Borrowed from English Shanghai, from Mandarin 上海 (Shànghǎi).

Shanghai (a municipality, the largest city in China)


三水

/sän⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Sanshui (a district of Foshan, Guangdong, China; a former county of Guangdong, China)


大昌

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Dachang (a town in Wushan, Chongqing, China)


二郎

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ lɑŋ³⁵/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ lɑŋ³⁵/

(～村) Erlang (a village in Wudian, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


義和

(～鎮) Yihe (a town in Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Yihe (a town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China)


大樹

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² syː²²/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu²²/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu²²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu³³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu³³/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² syː²²/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu²²/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu²²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu³³/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu³³/

(～鎮) Dashu (a town in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)


隆昌

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Longchang (a county-level city under the city of Neijiang, Sichuan, China)


信義

/ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/sɵn³³ jiː²²/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/sin¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡi³³/

/sin²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi³³/

/ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/sɵn³³ jiː²²/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/sin²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/sin¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡi³³/

/sin²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi³³/

(～鄉) (historical) Xinyi (a township in Linwei district, Weinan, Shaanxi, China, now part of Longbei Town)


Irtysh

From Russian Иртыш (Irtyš), possibly from Bashkir.

The O-erh-ch'i-ssu River begins in the southern section of the lofty A-erh-t'ai Mountains of Sinkiang. This river is over 2,900 kilometers long and has a large delta area rich in minerals such as gold, iron, copper, lead, zinc, mercury, mica, crystal and "ping-chou-shih" [3056 3166 4258 possibly cryolite]. At the source of the O-erh-ch'i-ssu River, the A-erh-t'ai Mountains reach more than 3,000 meters above sea level. The peaks of the mountains are covered with snow year-round, and rainfall is heavy in the summer.

[1969 July 3 [1969 May 28], “A View of the O-erh-ch'i-ssu River Delta”, in Translations on People's Republic of China, number 59, United States Joint Publications Research Service, sourced from Hong Kong, Ta Kung Pao, p 8, translation of 額爾齊斯河流域風貌 by 念澄 (in Chinese), →OCLC, Economic, page 11:

我國新疆的額爾齊斯河,發源於巍峨的阿爾泰山東部,[…]
額爾齊斯河全長二千九百多公里,它的流域面積很廣,在它流域的廣闊土地上,蘊藏著豐富的寶藏,其中有金,鐵,銅,鉛,鋅,水銀,雲母,氷洲石,水晶等.
額爾齊斯河的發源地阿爾泰山,也是我國的名山,海拔三千米以上,山常年積雪,夏天雨水很多.

While stabilized and semistabilized sand dunes prevail in the desert in the Dzungarian Basin, shifting dunes are the rule in this desert, intermittently distributed along both the south and north banks of the O-erh-ch'i-szu Ho in the northwestern part of the basin. Lying under these dunes are the sloping diluvial terraces and undulating slopes of the mountain bases. Due to its high elevation and its being situated in the river valley between the Sa-wu-erh and A-erh-t'ai mountain ranges, gale force wind penetrates the region in winter and little snow is accumulated.

[1975 August 18 [1974 May], “Study of China's Deserts [中国沙漠概论 CHUNG-KUO SHA-MO KAI-LUN]”, in Translations on People's Republic of China, number 316, United States Joint Publications Research Service, sourced from Peking, Desert Laboratory Lanchow Institute of Glacier, Frozen Ground and Desert Soil Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences [中国科学院兰州冰川冻土沙漠研究所沙漠研究室], translation of original in Chinese, →OCLC, page 47:

中国科学院兰州冰川冻土沙漠研究所沙漠研究室

The term "easy, small and nearby" refers to the regulation of surpluses and the replenishment of shortages within the region first. Examples include the projects which draw water from the Datong River and Qinggeng River in the Huhuan Lake District in Qinghai, the project to draw water from the E‘erqisi River in Altay Prefecture in Xinjiang, the project to draw water from the Datong River to the Hei River in the Hexi region of Gansu, the project to draw water from the Yellow River to the Alxa League in Hei Monggo and so on.

[1984 May 1 [1983 November], Xiao Sanwu [5135 0005 0063] [肖三五], “An Inquiry into Questions of Developing Water Conservation in the Northwest Inland Area”, in China Report: Agriculture, number 84-012, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Beijing ZHONGGUO SHUILI No 6 p 37-40 [Water Conservation in China], translation of original in Chinese, →OCLC, page 67:

On its own Kazakhstan is unable to mount such a challenge. However, the other downstream state liable to be affected by China’s Irtysh extraction plans is Russia.

2001, Central Asian Security: The New International Context, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 80:

The Interfax news agency, citing regional police and emergency services, says the crash occurred Saturday on the Irtysh river, 10 kilometers from the Siberian city of Omsk.

2013 August 17, “Russia boat crash kills 4, injures 49”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-22:


和政

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

(～縣) Hezheng (a county of Linxia prefecture, Gansu, China)


満州

ja-pos

満(まん)州(しゅう) • (Manshū) ^(←まんしう (Mansiu)?)

満州 (canonical)
Manshū (romanization)
Mansiu (romanization)
まんしう (hiragana historical)

From Chinese 滿洲 /满洲 (Mǎnzhōu), from Manchu ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ (manju).
州 is a daiyōji replacing 洲.

Manchuria (a historical region of northeastern China comprising the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang and the northeastern part of Inner Mongolia)


孝義

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/haːu̯³³ jiː²²/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/hau¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡi³³/

/hau²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi³³/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/haːu̯³³ jiː²²/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡi⁴¹/

/hau²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi²²/

/hau¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡi³³/

/hau²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi³³/


新一

/ɕin⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jɐt̚⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ jɐt̚⁵/

(～村) Xinyi (a village in Xinshi, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


利通

→ English: Litong

/li⁵¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

/li⁵¹ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Litong (a district of Wuzhong, Ningxia autonomous region, China)


尚志

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² t͡siː³³/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/sœːŋ²² t͡siː³³/

The city was named after Chinese military commander 趙尚志 (Zhao Shangzhi).

named-after

(～市) Shangzhi (a county-level city of Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)


高明

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kɔ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/kɔ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/ko⁴⁴⁻³³ biɪŋ²⁴/

(～區) Gaoming (a district of Foshan, Guangdong, China)


南雄

/nän³⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ hʊŋ²¹/

/nän³⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ hʊŋ²¹/

(～市) Nanxiong (a county-level city of Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)


大河

(～鎮) Dahe (a town in Laifeng, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)

(～鄉) Dahe (a township in Wuxi, Chongqing, China)


崇明

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/sʊŋ²¹ mɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/sʊŋ²¹ mɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔŋ²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

(～島) Chongming Island (an island of the Yangtze in Chongming district, Shanghai, China)

(～區, formerly ～縣, ～州, ～鎮) Chongming (a district of Shanghai, China; a former county, prefecture and town)


昌都

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཆབ་མདོ (chab mdo).

(～市, formerly ～地區) Chamdo, Qamdo (a prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China, formerly a prefecture)

(historical) (～縣) Chamdo, Qamdo (a former county of Chamdo prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China; now Karuo district of the prefecture-level city of Chamdo)


政和

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ wɔː²¹/

/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuo⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ho²⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ wɔː²¹/

/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋuo⁵³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ho²⁴/

(～縣) Zhenghe (a county of Nanping, Fujian, China)


陽光

/jɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˈiɔŋ³⁵ kuɔŋ⁴²/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/iaŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kuaŋ³³/

/ɦiã²² kuɑ̃⁴⁴/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˈiɔŋ³⁵ kuɔŋ⁴²/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/iaŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kuaŋ³³/

/ɦiã²² kuɑ̃⁴⁴/

(～社區) Yangguang (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


昌平

→ English: Changping

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Changping (a district and former county of Beijing, China)


上田

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

In reference to the Japanese place, an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 上田 (Ueda).

obor

(～郷) Shangtian (a former township in Shanxi, China), now Yanmenguan (雁門關)


江口

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ³³ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁴¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ³³ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁵³/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰau⁴¹/

(～縣) Jiangkou (a county of Tongren prefecture, Guizhou, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Hanjiang district, Putian, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Yingshang, Fuyang, Anhui, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Ganxian district, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Hengnan, Hengyang, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Dongkou, Shaoyang, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Wulong district, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Yunyang, Chongqing, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Jiange, Guangyuan, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Pingchang, Bazhong, Sichuan, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Liuba, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Ningshan, Ankang, Shaanxi, China)

(～鎮) Jiangkou (a town in Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, China)

(～街道) Jiangkou (a subdistrict of Pengshan district, Meishan, Sichuan, China)

(～街道) Jiangkou (a subdistrict of Fengkai, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China)

(～街道) Jiangkou (a subdistrict of Fenghua district, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)

(～街道) Jiangkou (a subdistrict of Huangyan district, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～街道) Jiangkou (a subdistrict of Guichi district, Chizhou, Anhui, China)

(～街道) Jiangkou (a subdistrict of Pingchang, Bazhong, Sichuan, China)

(～鄉) Jiangkou (a township in Beihu district, Chenzhou, Hunan, China)

(～鄉) Jiangkou (a township in Tongdao Dong, Huaihua, Hunan, China)

(～鄉) Jiangkou (a township in Luzhai, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Jiangkou (a township in Li, Longnan, Gansu, China)


大川

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Dachuan (a town in Maojian district, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


大田

/tä⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰiːn²¹/

/tai¹¹ t͡sʰɛŋ¹³/

/tai²¹ t͡sʰɛŋ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɛn²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰan¹³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɛn¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tiɛn²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰan²³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tiɛn²³/

/tä⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/taːi̯²² tʰiːn²¹/

/tai¹¹ t͡sʰɛŋ¹³/

/tai²¹ t͡sʰɛŋ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɛn²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰan¹³/

/tai²²⁻²¹ tiɛn¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ tiɛn²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰan²³/

/tai³³⁻²¹ tiɛn²³/

(～縣) Datian (a county of Sanming, Fujian, China)


大橋

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/taːi̯²² kʰiːu̯²¹/

/du²² d͡ʑiɔ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/taːi̯²² kʰiːu̯²¹/

/du²² d͡ʑiɔ⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Daqiao (a town in Dingyuan, Chuzhou, Anhui, China)

(～鎮) Daqiao (a town in Gutian, Ningde, Fujian, China)

(～村) Daqiao (a village in Gaocheng, Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


大城

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ saŋ¹¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ siã²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ siã¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/tua¹¹ sĩã⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ saŋ¹¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ siã²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ siã¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/tua¹¹ sĩã⁵⁵/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siã²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siã¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/taɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siã²⁴/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² siã²⁴/

/tai²²⁻²¹ siã¹³/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ siã²⁴/

/tai³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

(～縣) Daicheng (a county of Langfang, Hebei, China)


金田

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

(～鎮) Jintian (a town in Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～社區) Jintian (a residential community in Jintian, Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～村) Jintian (a village in Jintian, Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


北川

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

羌族自治縣 羌族自治縣#Chinese

(～羌族自治縣, ～縣) Beichuan (a Qiang autonomous county in Mianyang, Sichuan, China)


東北地方

東北地方 (canonical)
Tōhoku Chihō (romanization)

Compound of 東北 (tōhoku, “northeast”) + 地方 (chihō, “region”).

compound

Northeast China (a region of China; consisting of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang, and sometimes the northeast part of Inner Mongolia)


高田

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

(～鎮) Gaotian (a town in Yangshuo, Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


永川

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Yongchuan (a district of Chongqing, China)


長島

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ tou̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ tou̯³⁵/

(～縣) Changdao (a former county of Yantai, Shandong, China, now part of Penglai District)


中原

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (中原):
* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)原(げん) (Chūgen)
* → Korean: 중원(中原) (Jung'won)
* → Vietnamese: Trung Nguyên (中原)

→ English: Central Plain, Zhongyuan

→ Zhuang: Cunghyenz

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ yæ̃²⁴/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/tyŋ⁵⁵ ŋuoŋ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ ŋueŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ yæ̃²⁴/

/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/t͡suŋ²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/tyŋ⁵⁵ ŋuoŋ⁵³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan¹³/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²⁴/

/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

/toŋ³³⁻²³ ŋueŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Zhongyuan (a district of Zhengzhou, Henan, China)

(～街道) Zhongyuan (a subdistrict of Fancheng district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


西山

Sino-Xenic (西山):
* → Japanese: 西山(にしやま) (Nishiyama)
* → Korean: 서산(西山) (Seosan)
* → Vietnamese: Tây Sơn (西山)

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～島) Xishan (an island in Lake Tai administered as part of Suzhou, Jiangsu, China)

(～鎮) Xishan (former name of 金庭 (Jīntíng) (= Jinting): a town on Xishan Island in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China)

(～街道) Xishan (a subdistrict of Echeng district, Ezhou, Hubei, China)


新田

/ɕin⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

(～縣) Xintian (a county of Yongzhou, Hunan, China)


平川

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Pingchuan (a district of Baiyin, Gansu, China)

(～村) Pingchuan (a village in Shihua, Gucheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


平林

/pʰɪŋ²¹ lɐm²¹/

/pẽ²³⁻³³ nã²³/

/pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ nã²⁴/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ lɐm²¹/

/pẽ²³⁻³³ nã²³/

/pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ nã²⁴/

(～鎮) Pinglin (a town in Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


平山

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Pingshan (a county of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China)


福田

/fu³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/hok̚²⁻⁴ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/

/fu³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/fʊk̚⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/hok̚²⁻⁴ t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/

Calque of Sanskrit पुण्यक्षेत्र (puṇyakṣetra), from पुण्य (puṇya, “merit”) + क्षेत्र (kṣetra, “field”).

cal

पुण्यक्षेत्र

compound

(～區) Futian (a district of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Futian (a town in Wushan, Chongqing, China)


福山

/fu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/fu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～區) Fushan (a district of Yantai, Shandong, China)

(～鎮) Fushan (a town in Chengmai, Hainan, China)


舟山

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sieu⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁵⁵ se²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sieu⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁵⁵ se²¹/

(～島) Zhoushan (an island of Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China)

(～市) Zhoushan (a prefecture-level city of Zhejiang, China)


古城

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～街道) Gucheng (a subdistrict of Xiangcheng district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～社區) Gucheng (a community in Chengzhong, Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～村) Gucheng (a village in Gangwei, Longhai, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)


古田

→ English: Gutian, Kucheng

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/kʰɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ^((t͡sʰ-))lɛŋ¹³/

/kʰɔu³³²⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡sʰ-))lɛŋ²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/kʰɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ^((t͡sʰ-))lɛŋ¹³/

/kʰɔu³³²⁻⁵⁵ ^((t͡sʰ-))lɛŋ²⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰan²⁴/

(～縣) Gutian (a county of Ningde, Fujian, China)


古田

→ English: Gutian

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

(～鎮) Gutian (a town in Shanghang, Longyan, Fujian, China)


古田

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 古田 (Gǔtián).


牧野

/mu⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mʊk̚² jɛː¹³/

/mu⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mʊk̚² jɛː¹³/

(～區) Muye (a district of Xinxiang, Henan, China) (known for the Battle of Muye)


永吉

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ kɐt̚⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ kɐt̚⁵/

(～縣) Yongji (a county of Jilin City, Jilin, China)


松浦

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～街道) Songpu (a subdistrict of Songbei district, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)


松原

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～市) Songyuan (a prefecture-level city of Jilin, China)


三原

/sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Sanyuan (a county of Xianyang, Shaanxi, China)


宮西

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

(～村) Gongxi (a village in Haidao, Xiapu, Ningde, Fujian, China)


安居

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/on²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɵy̯⁵⁵/

/on²⁴⁻¹¹ ki²⁴/

(～鎮) Anju (a town in Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


和田

/xɤ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

/xɤ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

Homophonous replacement for 和闐／和阗 (Hétián) from 1959; Uyghur خوتەن (xoten).

zh-l

和闐／和阗 (Hétián)

(～河) Hotan River (a river in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～地區) Hotan (a prefecture of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～市) Hotan (a county-level city of Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～縣) Hotan (a county of Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


路口

/lu⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu⁵¹ kʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lou̯²² hɐu̯³⁵/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ⁴¹⁻²² kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ³³⁻¹¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ³³⁻²¹ kʰau⁴¹/

/lu⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lu⁵¹ kʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lou̯²² hɐu̯³⁵/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ⁴¹⁻²² kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ³³⁻¹¹ kʰau⁵³/

/lɔ³³⁻²¹ kʰau⁴¹/

(～鎮) Lukou (a town in Huangzhou district, Huanggang, Hubei, China)


會澤

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sɤ³⁵/

(～縣) Huize (a county of Qujing, Yunnan, China)


青田

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

(～縣) Qingtian (a county of Lishui, Zhejiang, China)


高崎

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² kia²⁴/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/ko⁴⁴⁻²² kia²⁴/

(～村) Gaoqi (a village in Huli district, Xiamen, Fujian, China)


石橋

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kʰiːu̯²¹/

/ɬieu¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu¹³/

/ɬieu²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu²⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɤ²³/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² kʰiːu̯²¹/

/ɬieu¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu¹³/

/ɬieu²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ieu²⁴/

/t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kiɤ²³/

(～鎮) Shiqiao (a town in Xiangzhou district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


三明

/sän⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/saŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/sam²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

/sän⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ mɪŋ²¹/

/saŋ⁵⁵ miŋ⁵³/

/ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ miŋ¹³/

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ miŋ²⁴/

/sam²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/

(～市) Sanming (a prefecture-level city of Fujian, China)


河西

/hɔː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² se³³/

/ho¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

/hɔː²¹ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻²² se³³/

/ho¹³⁻²² se⁴⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻¹¹ se⁴⁴/

/hɤ²³⁻³³ se⁴⁴/

(～區) Hexi (a district of Tianjin, China)

(～街道) Hexi (a subdistrict of Golmud, Haixi prefecture, Qinghai, China)


新屋

/ɕin⁵⁵ uɻʷ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ ʊk̚⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔk̚³²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ uɻʷ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ ʊk̚⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔk̚³²/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔk̚³²/

(～村) Xinwu (a village in Gaocheng, Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, China)


仙頭

仙頭 (canonical)
Suwatō (romanization)
Swatau (romanization)
スワタウ (historical katakana)

[sɨβ̞a̠to̞ː]

misspelling of 汕頭 (Suwatō, “Shantou (a prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China)”)


광주

Koreans in China
Xinhai Revolution
ko:광주광역시

Guangzhou (the capital and largest city of Guangdong, China)


Jin

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 晉 /晋 (Jìn), adopted as the name of a river in Shanxi in antiquity. As a Zhou state, from the renaming of the marchland Tang (唐) by its second marquis Ji Xie when he relocated to the Jin River c. 1000 BC. As a surname, principally from the Zhou state and its region in China. As an empire and dynastic name, from Sima Yan's status as prince of Jin under the preceding Wei Empire. As a river in Fujian, named for the empire, which settled its banks with colonizers from China's Central Plains. As a dialect, from 晉語／晋语 (Jìnyǔ), from the region of the former Zhou state.

晉語／晋语 (Jìnyǔ)

(historical) An empire in China (AD 265–420) established by Sima Yan's overthrow of the Wei and replaced by barbarian conquerors in the north and Liu Yu's Song Empire in the south.


Jin

Cambridge University Press
Jin
Jin (Chinese surname)
Jin Prefecture (Shaanxi)
Jurchen Jin
Linfen

From the atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 金 (Jīn, literally “gold, golden”). As a surname, legendarily derived from the descendants of Shaohao who took a golden phoenix as their tribal emblem. As an area and town in Shaanxi, named for the placer deposits of gold on the Yue River. As a Jurchen empire and dynastic name, a Chinese calque of Jurchen name of the Ashi River within modern Harbin, preserved in Chinese transcription as 按出虎 (Ànchūhǔ) (Middle Chinese: ʔan-tsyhwit-xu). As a Manchu empire and dynastic name, an early continuation of the former Jurchen name prior to the 1636 proclamation of the Qing.

der

(historical) An empire in northern China (AD 1115–1234) established by an invasion of Liao by the Wanyan Jurchens and overthrown by an invasion of the Mongols.


Mongolän

Mongolän (nominative singular)
Mongoläna (genitive singular)
Mongoläne (dative singular)
Mongoläni (accusative singular)
o Mongolän! (singular vocative)
Mongolänu (predicative singular)

(chiefly historical) Mongolia (a Mongolian-speaking geographic region in East Asia, including the country of Mongolia (Outer Mongolia), the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia in China, and sometimes also Buryatia, Tuva and the Altai Republic in Russia)


仙女

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːn⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/siɛn³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nyə̯ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːn⁵⁵ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² lu⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ lu⁵³/

/siɛn³³ lɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

(～鎮) Xiannü (a town in Zhijiang, Yichang, Hubei, China)


こうてい

ja-noun

こうてい • (kōtei)

康定: Kangding (a city in Sichuan, China), an era of the Song dynasty


Шэньси

ru-proper noun

шэньси́йский

Шэньси́ • (Šɛnʹsí) f (indeclinable, relational adjective шэньси́йский)

Шэньси́ (canonical)
Šɛnʹsí (romanization)
шэньси́йский (adjective relational)


保安

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/po⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³/

/po³³²⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ an³³/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/po⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ aŋ⁵³³/

/po³³²⁻²¹ aŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ an³³/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ an⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Bao'an (a town in Ningyuan, Yongzhou, Hunan, China)

(～縣) Bao'an (a former county of Shaanxi, China; now Zhidan (志丹) county, Shaanxi, China)