淳安

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/sɵn²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/sɵn²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Chun'an (a county of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


類烏齊

/leɪ̯⁵¹ u⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/lɵy̯²² wuː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/

/leɪ̯⁵¹ u⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/lɵy̯²² wuː⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/

(～縣) Riwoche (a county of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


可可托海

ㄎㄜˇ ㄎㄜˇ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄏㄞˇ

ㄎㄜˇ ㄎㄜˇ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄏㄞˇ

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː³⁵ hɔː³⁵ tʰɔːk̚³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/hɔː³⁵ hɔː³⁵ tʰɔːk̚³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Koktokay (a town in Fuyun, Altay prefecture, Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


雲州

/yn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/yn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

(～區) Yunzhou (a district of Datong, Shanxi, China)


彭澤

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ t͡saːk̚²/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sɤ³⁵/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ t͡saːk̚²/

(～縣) Pengze (a county of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China)


太僕寺

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰu³⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʊk̚² t͡siː²²/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰu³⁵ sz̩⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʊk̚² t͡siː²²/

(～旗) Taibus (a banner in Xilingol, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


寶昌

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Baochang (a town in Taibus, Xilingol, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


壽昌

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Shouchang (a town in Jiande, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～縣) (historical) Shouchang (a former county of Zhejiang, China, now part of Jiande)


義州

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jiː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/i⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jiː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Yizhou (a historical prefecture of China, which existed between 1151 and 1913 and was located in present-day Yi County (義縣／义县), Liaoning)


義縣

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/i⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Yi County, Yixian (a county of Jinzhou, Liaoning, China)


Siping

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 四平 (Sìpíng).

In 2015, four teachers at a RYB Education kindergarten in Siping, northeast China, were charged with using sewing needles to jab more than 20 children on their heads, mouths and limbs, supposedly as punishment.

2017 November 24, Chris Buckley, Karoline Kan, “Beijing Kindergarten Is Accused of Abuse, and Internet Erupts in Fury”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-11-24, Asia Pacific:

A prefecture-level city of Jilin, China.


木壘

/mu⁵¹ leɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mʊk̚² lɵy̯¹³/

/mu⁵¹ leɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mʊk̚² lɵy̯¹³/

哈薩克自治縣 哈薩克自治縣#Chinese

(～哈薩克自治縣, ～縣) Mori (an autonomous county of Changji prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


潛山

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～市) Qianshan (a county-level city of Anqing, Anhui, China)


察隅

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ y³⁵/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ jyː²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ y³⁵/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ jyː²¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan རྫ་ཡུལ (rdza yul).

(～縣) Zayü (a county of Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


興國

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/hɪŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/

(～縣) Xingguo (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


扎賚諾爾

ㄓㄚ ㄌㄞˋ ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄦˇ

ㄓㄚ ㄌㄞˋ ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄦˇ

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ laɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ nu̯ɔ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵ laɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ nu̯ɔ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～區) Jalainur, Zhalainuo'er (a district of Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


通江

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Tongjiang (a county of Bazhong, Sichuan, China)


廣昌

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Guangchang (a county of Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China)


Chahar

Borrowed from Manchu ᠴᠠᡥᠠᡵ (cahar), from Classical Mongolian ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ (čaqar).

Chiang’s foreign office in Nanking denied that there were any provincial troops in the disputed area; there were only a few militia. At any rate, Nanking replied, the territory in question was part of the Kuyuan district, and Kuyuan was in Chahar, and Chahar was Chinese territory, so what were the Japanese complaining about?

1938, Robert Berkov, Strong Man of China: The Story of Chiang Kai-shek, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, page 198:

The border-area government resembled a provincial administration. It was headed by a six-man Border Region Administrative Committee with Sung Shao-wen as Chairman and Hu Jen-k'uei as Vice-Chairman. The other four committeemen were Nieh Jung-chen, Communist Party representative and local military commander; Liu Tien-chi, representative of the Kuomintang; Chang Su, regional representative for Chahar; and Sun Chih-yuan, regional representative for Hopei.

1962, Chalmers A. Johnson, Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power: The Emergence of Revolutionary China 1937-1945, Stanford University Press, page 101:

The critical state of military affairs has increased the importance of Peiping as the government’s headquarters in north China. Not long ago, General Fu Tso-yi was appointed Commander of a new North China Communist Suppression Headquarters, with its center here, to direct and control all military operations in the provinces of Jehol, Chahar, Suiyuan, Hopeh, and part of Shansi.

1963, A. Doak Barnett, China on the Eve of Communist Takeover, Frederick A. Praeger, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 28:

In the summer of 1935 came another humiliation. The Ho-Umetsu “agreement” was stuffed down the throat of supine China. By its terms, Central Government troops were expelled from the provinces of Hebei and Chahar. No units of China’s ruling party, the Guomindang, could function in these provinces—not even in the great cities of Beiping and Tianjin.

2005, Israel Epstein, History Should Not be Forgotten, Beijing: China Intercontinental Press (五洲传播出版社), →ISBN, page 19:

(historical) A former province of China, now mostly part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.


察布查爾

ㄔㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄔㄚˊ ㄦˇ

ㄔㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄔㄚˊ ㄦˇ

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ pou̯³³ t͡sʰaː²¹ jiː¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ pu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaːt̚³ pou̯³³ t͡sʰaː²¹ jiː¹³/

錫伯自治縣 錫伯自治縣#Chinese

(～錫伯自治縣, ～縣) Qapqal (an autonomous county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


昭蘇

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Zhaosu, Mongolküre (a county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


八宿

Borrowed from Tibetan དཔའ་ཤོད (dpa' shod).

(～縣) Baxoi (a county of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


湟中

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Huangzhong (a district of Xining, Qinghai, China, formerly a county)


天峻

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɵn³³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɵn³³/

(～縣) Tianjun (a county of Haixi prefecture, Qinghai, China)


信豐

/ɕin⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɵn³³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sɵn³³ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Xinfeng (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


全南

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ nän³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ nän³⁵/

Name change from similar-sounding 虔南 in 1957.

(～縣) Quannan (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


安遠

/ˀän⁵⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jyːn¹³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jyːn¹³/

(～縣) Anyuan (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


定南

/tiŋ⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/tɪŋ²² naːm²¹/

/tiŋ⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/tɪŋ²² naːm²¹/

(～縣) Dingnan (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


龍南

/lʊŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ naːm²¹/

/lʊŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ naːm²¹/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Xinfeng (a county-level city and former county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


會昌

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wuːi̯²² t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wuːi̯²² t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Huichang (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


崇義

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ i⁵¹/

/sʊŋ²¹ jiː²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ i⁵¹/

/sʊŋ²¹ jiː²²/

(～縣) Chongyi (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


吉隆

Borrowed from Tibetan སྐྱིད་གྲོང (skyid grong).

zh-wp

zh:吉隆鎮 (吉隆縣)

/t͡ɕi³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

(～縣) Gyirong (a county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)

(～鎮) Gyirong (a town in Gyirong county, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


吉隆

zh:吉隆鎮 (惠東縣)

/t͡ɕi³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Jilong (a town in Huidong, Huizhou, Guangdong, China)


萬安

/wän⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/maːn²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/ban²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² an³³/

/ban²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/ban³³⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/wän⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/maːn²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/ban²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/ban⁴¹⁻²² an³³/

/ban²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/ban³³⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/ban³³⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

(～縣) Wan'an (a county of Ji'an, Jiangxi, China)


遂川

/su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Suichuan (a county of Ji'an, Jiangxi, China)


勐海

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːŋ¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maːŋ¹³ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～縣) Menghai (a county of Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China)


勐臘

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵¹/

/maːŋ¹³ laːp̚²/

/mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵¹/

/maːŋ¹³ laːp̚²/

(～縣) Mengla (a county of Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China)


孟連

/mɤŋ⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

/mɤŋ⁵¹ li̯ɛn³⁵/

傣族拉祜族佤族自治縣 傣族拉祜族佤族自治縣#Chinese

(～傣族拉祜族佤族自治縣, ～縣) Menglian (an autonomous county of Pu'er, Yunnan, China)


耿馬

/kɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐŋ³⁵ maː¹³/

/kɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐŋ³⁵ maː¹³/

傣族佤族自治縣 傣族佤族自治縣#Chinese

(～傣族佤族自治縣, ～縣) Gengma (an autonomous county of Lincang, Yunnan, China)


安圖

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

(～縣) Antu (a county of Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)


汪清

/wɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/wɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Wangqing (a county-level city of Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)


波密

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mi⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ mi⁵¹/

/pɔː⁵⁵ mɐt̚²/

Borrowed from Tibetan སྤོ་མེས (spo mes).

(～縣) Bomê (a county of Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


鎮雄

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ hʊŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ hʊŋ²¹/

(～縣) Zhenxiong (a county of Zhaotong, Yunnan, China)


杭嘉湖平原

ㄏㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄏㄨˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄩㄢˊ

ㄏㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄏㄨˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄩㄢˊ

Ханцзяху Пинъюань

/xɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xu³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵ wuː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

/xɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xu³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵ wuː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou Plain
w:Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou Plain

Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou Plain (a plain in Zhejiang, China)


梅江

/meɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Mei River (a tributary river of the Han River in eastern Guangdong, China)

(～區) Meijiang (a district of Meizhou, Guangdong, China)

Mei River (a tributary river of the Meihua River in western Guangdong, China)


景東

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

彝族自治縣 彝族自治縣#Chinese

(～彝族自治縣, ～縣) Jingdong (an autonomous county of Pu'er, Yunnan, China)


훈춘

[ɸʷuɲt͡ɕʰun]

zh-m

琿春／珲春 (Húnchūn)

Hunchun (a county-level city of Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)


연길

Yanji (a county-level city of Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)


錯那

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔː³³ naː¹³/

/t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔː³³ naː¹³/

Borrowed from Tibetan མཚོ་སྣ (mtsho sna).

(～縣) Cona (a county of Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


奧運村

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ wɐn²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/ou̯³³ wɐn²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～街道) Aoyuncun (a subdistrict of Chaoyang district, Beijing, China)


橫店

/xɤŋ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/xɤŋ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

(～鎮) Hengdian (a town in Dongyang, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


拜城

/paɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/paːi̯³³ sɪŋ²¹/

/paɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/paːi̯³³ sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Baicheng (a county of Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


呼圖壁

/fuː⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹ pɪk̚⁵/

/fuː⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹ pɪk̚⁵/

(～縣) Hutubi (a county of Changji prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


和田河

ㄏㄜˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ

ㄏㄜˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ

/xɤ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ tʰiːn²¹ hɔː²¹/

/xɤ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ tʰiːn²¹ hɔː²¹/

Hotan River (a river in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


蒲犁

/pʰou̯²¹ lɐi̯²¹/

/pʰou̯²¹ lɐi̯²¹/

(historical) Puli (an ancient kingdom in the Xinjiang autonomous region)

(historical) (～縣) Puli (a former county of Xinjiang, China; now Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County)


Jiangyin

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 江陰 /江阴 (Jiāngyīn).

Chiang-yin (alternative)
Kiangyin (alternative)

The leader of a small bandit gang from the county of Chiang-yin on the south bank of the Yangtze fled north to Chang Shih-ch’eng’s camp in 1354 or 1355 to seek his help in putting down a rival.

[1962, F. W. Mote, “The Man of the Green Hill”, in The Poet Kao Chʻi, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 60:

"A new socialist village like Tachai does not drop from the skies. We built Chiangyin County with our sweat. The 'gang of four' opposed our going all-out as part of their plot to undermine socialist construction." This was said by Wu Jen-pao, secretary of the party committee of Chiangyin County in east China's Kiangsu Province, at the Second National Learn-From-Tachai Conference.

[1977 January 21 [1977 January 1], “Kiangsu County CCP Official”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 14 Supp 3, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA, →ISSN, →OCLC, East Region, page 18:

Mr. Ren, an entrepreneur in the eastern city of Jiangyin, found that the more successful his small factory, the more problems from neighbors jealous of his wealth.

1989 April 6, Nicholas D. Kristof, “Beijing Journal; Second Thoughts: Laissez Faire or Plain Unfair?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-11-28, Section A, page 4:

A county-level city of Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.


Anqing

/ˌɑːnˈt͡ʃɪŋ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 安慶 /安庆 (Ānqìng).

Anching (alternative)
Anch'ing (alternative)
An-ch'ing (alternative)
An-chʻing (alternative)
Anking (alternative)
Ngankin (alternative)

Another major producer of sodium cyanide, Anhui Shuguang, appears to have a subsidiary located not only close to a residential area of Anqing in Anhui Province, but also only a few hundred feet from the Yangtze River in central China. The Times found a kindergarten and another school within 1,000 meters of the factory.

2015 August 21, Patrick Boehler, Josh Keller, K.K. Rebecca Lai, Vanessa Piao, Crystal Tse, “Tianjin Blast Exposes the Dangerous Proximity of Toxic Chemicals in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-08-21:

In addition to conventional weather monitoring technology, Anqing city in China's Anhui province is using virtual reality goggles linked to river-monitoring cameras that use 5G internet to transmit images to inspectors, according to Xinhua.

2020 August 20, “What's behind China's record floods?”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2020-08-23:

The attack happened on Saturday afternoon, on a shopping street in Anqing city, Anhui province, which is located around 430 kilometers from Shanghai.

2021 June 6, Tanika Godbole, “China: Man with knife kills 6 on commercial street”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2021-06-06, News:

A prefecture-level city of Anhui, China.


Changshu

/(ˈ)t͡ʃæŋˈʃu/

Ch'ang-shu (alternative)
Changhsu (alternative misspelling)

The American Church Mission Hospital at Changshu was formally opened in September.

1923 January 13, “Medical News”, in Journal of the American Medical Association, volume 80, number 2, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 119:

For example, one report told of how the Changshou County Chemical Fertiliser Plant (in Jiangsu province) was financed.[...]Anecdotal reports such as the one from Changshou County implied that much of the investment funding for small fertiliser plants was raised locally, outside of the state sector.

[1991, Christine P. W. Wong, “Central Planning and Local Participation Under Mao: the Development of Country-Run Fertiliser Plants”, in Gordon White, editor, The Chinese State in the Era of Economic Reform: The Road to Crisis, M. E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 30, 31:

He noted the opening of a Toyota China branch this year in Nanjing, Jiangsu’s capital and the site of a massacre under Japanese occupation in 1937. Toyota has also opened a technical center in Changshu, east of Nanjing.

2013 September 18, Norihiko Shirouzu, Kazunori Takada, “Japanese Carmakers Struggle With History in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-02-06, Global Business:

The IVFC, which took place in Changshu, Suzhou, China in November 2018, attracted a diverse group of teams looking to showcase their latest developments in AV technology. In addition to teams from university research institutes, innovative startup companies and vehicle manufacturers engaged in developing driverless cars participated in the competition. The challenge was hosted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and organized by the Changshu Municipal People’s Government.

2019 February 12, “Velodyne Lidar’s Sponsorship of Autonomous Vehicle Competition in China Advances Research and Development of Self-Driving Cars”, in AP News, Business Wire, archived from the original on 2023-04-02:

A county-level city of Suzhou, Jiangxi, China.


星星峽

ㄒㄧㄥ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

ㄒㄧㄥ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

(～鎮) Xingxingxia (a town in Yizhou district, Hami, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

Xingxingxia (a mountain pass in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


福海

/fu³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊk̚⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/fu³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊk̚⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～縣) Fuhai (a county of Altay prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Nujiang

/ˈnuːˈd͡ʒiæŋ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 怒江 (Nùjiāng).

Nu-chiang (alternative)
Nuchiang (alternative)

On the side of a commercial van in the city, I saw the logo “Shangri-la Tours” written in English. Miffed by Lijiang's presumption, the Nujiang prefecture along the Salween River appointed a committee of academicians to study the origins of the Shangri-la myth, to see if they might claim it instead.

2003, Noel Grove, Earth's Last Great Places: Exploring the Nature Conservancy Worldwide, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 173:

A Lisu autonomous prefecture in Yunnan, China.


囊謙

/nɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/nɔːŋ²¹ hiːm⁵⁵/

/nɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/nɔːŋ²¹ hiːm⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ནང་ཆེན (nang chen).

(～縣) Nangqên (a county of Yushu prefecture, Qinghai, China)


中海

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Zhonghai (a lake in Zhongnanhai, Xicheng district, Beijing, China)


梁河

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

(～縣) Lianghe (a county of Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


瑪多

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ tɔː⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/maː¹³ tɔː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan རྨ་སྟོད (rma stod).

(～縣) Madoi (a county of Golog prefecture, Qinghai, China)


疏附

/sɔː⁵⁵ fuː²²/

/sɔː⁵⁵ fuː²²/

(～縣) Shufu (a county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


菜市口

/t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Caishikou (a neighbourhood of Xicheng district, Beijing, China)


貢嘎

/kʊŋ⁵¹ kä³⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ kaː⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵¹ kä³⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ kaː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan གོང་དཀར (gong dkar).

(～縣) Gonggar (a county of Shannan, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


盈江

/iŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/iŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Named after 大盈江 (Dàyíngjiāng) which flows through the county in 1952.

(～縣) Yingjiang (a county of Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


紅原

/xʊŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

(～縣) Hongyuan (a county of Ngawa prefecture, Sichuan, China)


Fengtai

Borrowed from Mandarin 豐臺 /豐台 /丰台 (Fēngtái).

Only Japan, since 1933, had exercised the right of stationing troops at most of the twelve places specified in Article IX. In addition, from the end of 1935 Japan arbitrarily assumed the right of stationing a military force at Tungchow, and from September 1936 at Fengtai. The maintenance of Japanese troops at these two towns was clearly contrary to the provisions of the Boxer Protocol.

1938, T. A. Bisson, Japan in China, New York: Macmillan Company, →OCLC, page 13:

A rural settlement, later a town, to the southwest of Beijing city wall, in China.

In fact, the existing admission procedures apply only to what are known as “intellectual youth”, that is to say secondary school graduates transferred to the country or a factory, and only students in large towns fall into this category. Fengtai, near Peking, has a population of 150,000 and is nevertheless regarded as belonging to the country, its secondary school graduates being excluded from selection for the universities. On the other hand, secondary school graduates in Peking who have been sent to Fengtai factories are entitled to apply for a university place.

1977, Marianne Bastid-Bruguière, “Higher Education in the People's Republic of China”, in Science and Technology in the People's Republic of China, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 121:

“The circumstances of the criminality were slight and they were able to acknowledge and repent their crimes,” the procuratorate, or prosecutors’ office, of Fengtai district in south Beijing, said of the officers.

2016 December 23, Chris Buckley, Adam Wu, “No Trial for Beijing Officers Over Death of Environmentalist”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-12-24, Asia Pacific:

An outbreak in the Xinfadi wet market, in Fengtai District of southern Beijing, in mid-June led to a complete lockdown of 12 communities near the market and mass testing of over 11 million residents across Beijing by 6 July. A total of 335 new cases were detected.

2021 May 13, Zhenjie Yang, Guilan Zhu, Linda Chelan Li, Yilong Sheng, “Services and surveillance during the pandemic lockdown: Residents’ committees in Wuhan and Beijing”, in China Information, volume 35, number 3, →DOI, page 425:

Local authorities have identified Fengtai district in southern Beijing as the epicentre of a cluster of six new confirmed infections, taking the number of cases in the capital to 34.

2022 January 23, “Beijing tests 2 million for Covid as Winter Olympics loom”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-01-23:

A district of Beijing, China, with the forementioned town inside as the namesake.


稱多

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tɔː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཁྲི་འདུ (khri 'du).

(～縣) Chindu (a county of Yushu prefecture, Qinghai, China)


蛤蟆塘

/xä³⁵ mä³ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/xä³⁵ mä³ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) (historical) Hamatang (a town in Dandong, Liaoning, China)


蛤蟆塘

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 蛤蟆塘 (Hámatáng).

obor

1906, 大和田建樹, 天谷秀, 満韓鉄道唱歌
血戰著名の蛤蟆塘
kessen chomei no Kōmotō
infamous site of a bloodbath Hamat'ang

(historical) Hamatang (a town in Liaoning, China), site of a battle during the Russo-Japanese War


前海

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

Qianhai (a lake in the Shichahai area in Xicheng district, Beijing, China)

深港現代服務業合作區 深港現代服務業合作區#Chinese

w:Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Modern Service Industry Cooperation Zone

(～深港現代服務業合作區) Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Modern Service Industry Cooperation Zone (an area of Nanshan district, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China)


巴里坤

/pä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ kʷʰɐn⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ lei̯¹³ kʷʰɐn⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Manchu ᠪᠠᡵ
ᡴᡠᠯ (bar kul), from Written Oirat ᡋᠠᠷ
ᡍᡉᠯ (bar kül); may be ultimately derived from a Turkic word in the form of *bars-köl meaning "tiger lake" (Li, 1999). Compare Chagatai بارکول (bār-kȫl), Uyghur باركۆل / Баркөл (Barköl), Kazakh باركول / Баркөл (Barköl).
Compare 婆悉 (MC ba sit) in 婆悉海, the Tang dynasty name for Barkol Lake, and perhaps 蒲類 (OC *baː ruds), the name of an ancient kingdom near Barkol Lake during the Han dynasty (ibid.).

ncog

Uyghur باركۆل

Kazakh باركول

巴爾庫勒

Qing-era strict Manchu–Oirat transliteration

哈薩克自治縣 哈薩克自治縣#Chinese

(～哈薩克自治縣, ～縣) Barköl, Barkol (an autonomous county of Hami, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Barkol (a town in Barkol County, Hami, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


和闐河

ㄏㄜˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ

ㄏㄜˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄜˊ

/xɤ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ tʰiːn²¹ hɔː²¹/

/xɤ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ tʰiːn²¹ hɔː²¹/

Old name for 和田河 (Hétiánhé, “Hotan River (a river in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)”).


계림

Guilin (a city in the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


Qingyuan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 清苑 (Qīngyuàn).

The same point of view was expounded in a folk ditty of Hopei Province: "Bound feet, bound feet, past the gate can't retreat."⁶

[1967, Howard S. Levy, “Introductory Remarks”, in Chinese Footbinding: The History of a Curious Erotic Custom, New York: Bell Publishing Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 30, 301:

The political and legal affairs committee of Qingyuan district in Baoding, Hebei province, announced on Friday that it would look into the allegation after a report by The Beijing News that day.
According to the report, the police officer, identified only by his family name Yang, was being tried for dereliction of duty in Qingyuan District People’s Court last month when he submitted a recording of a conversation in which the boss allegedly tells Yang and an auxiliary officer to take full responsibility for the death of a suspected criminal.

2019 December 9, Zhuang Pinghui, “Communist Party to reopen death in custody case after police officer claims he was scapegoat”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-12-09, China society:


Qingyuan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 清遠 /清远 (Qīngyuǎn).

Lt. Col. G. B. Fisher, Three Years' Service in China (1863), p. 57, gives the following conversation between the emperor and the provincial judge of Kwangtung, referring to the campaign against rebels in Ch’ing-yüan Hsien (Kwangtung): "Question. Which are foremost in action, the regulars or the braves ? Answer. The braves, in general. . . .

[1960, Kung-chuan Hsiao, Rural China: Imperial Control in the Nineteenth Century, University of Washington Press, published 1967, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 655:

1945
January[…]
19. China: Japanese troops take Chingyuan, on the Canton to Hankow railway.

[2004, “Chronicle September 1939–August 1945”, in World War II: Day by Day, DK, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 599, column 1:

“I booked my ticket this morning after hearing the news,” said Chen Ting, who was accompanied by her three-year-old son among about 40 people getting off a train in Hubei’s Xianning city.
The 28-year-old had travelled from Qingyuan city in the southern province of Guangdong, where she runs a wholesale business.

2020 March 24, Brenda Goh, Ryan Woo, Se Young Lee, Stella Qiu, Yawen Chen, Samuel Shen Liangping Gao, Roxanne Liu, Huizhong Wu, Min Zhang, Shivani Singh, “Locked-down no longer, China's Hubei begins return to normal”, in Michael Perry, Christian Schmollinger, Giles Elgood, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-04-28, World News:

A prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China.


宛平

/wän²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/jyːn³⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/wän²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/jyːn³⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) (historical) Wanping (a former county of Hebei, China)

(～城) Wanping Fortress (a fortress in Beijing, China)


托克遜

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄜˋ ㄒㄩㄣˋ

ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄜˋ ㄒㄩㄣˋ

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕyn⁵¹/

/tʰɔːk̚³ hɐk̚⁵ sɵn³³/

/tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕyn⁵¹/

/tʰɔːk̚³ hɐk̚⁵ sɵn³³/

(～縣) Toksun, Tuokexun (a county of Turpan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Toksun, Tuokexun (a town in Toksun, Turpan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Toksun, Tuokexun (a township in Baicheng, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


沙坡頭

→ English: Shapotou

/ʂä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ pɔː⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/ʂä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ pɔː⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

(～區) Shapotou (a district of Zhongwei, Ningxia autonomous region, China)


昔馬

/ɕi⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Xima (a town in Yingjiang, Dehong, Yunnan, China)


片馬

/pʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiːn³³ maː¹³/

/pʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰiːn³³ maː¹³/

(～鎮) Pianma (a town in Lushui, Nujiang prefecture, Yunnan, China)


薩爾圖

/sä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu³⁵/

/saːt̚³ jiː¹³ tʰou̯²¹/

/sä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu³⁵/

/saːt̚³ jiː¹³ tʰou̯²¹/

(～區) Sartu (a district of Daqing, Harbin, China)


鎮康

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Zhenkang (a county of Lincang, Yunnan, China)


南傘

/nän³⁵ sän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nän³⁵ sän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Nansan (a town in Zhenkang, Lincang, Yunnan, China)


古爾班通古特

ㄍㄨˇ ㄦˇ ㄅㄢ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄍㄨˇ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄍㄨˇ ㄦˇ ㄅㄢ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄍㄨˇ ㄊㄜˋ

Гуэрбаньтунгутэ

/ku²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pän⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɤ⁵¹/

(～沙漠) Gurbantünggüt (a desert in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Dandong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 丹東 /丹东 (Dāndōng).

Tan-tung (alternative)
Tantung (alternative)

Another 40km south of Samjiyon is the Amnok riverbank city of Hyesan, opposite China, worth visiting for another China/DPRK comparison that’s also a favourite for visitors to Dandong (see page 205).

2008, Robert Willoughby, “Mt Paektu”, in North Korea (Bradt Travel Guides), 2nd edition, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 201:

The project is expected to see the revival of a long-stalled plan to create a special economic zone at Sinuiju, a North Korean city in North Pyeongan province directly across the Yalu River from the Chinese city of Dandong.

2013 September 6, Joon Ho Kim, Richard Finney, “North Korea Plans Tourist, Economic Zones to Lure Foreign Cash”, in Doeun Han, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2015-03-13:

North Korea's official Korean Central News Agency said Saturday that Joo was arrested on April 22 after trying to illegally enter North Korea by crossing the Amnok River from the Chinese border town of Dandong.

2015 May 3, Tong-Hyung Kim, “N. Korea arrests U.S. students for illegal entry”, in USA Today, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-05:

Positioned near the mouth of the Yalu River, Dandong is China’s largest border town, and much of North Korea’s trade with the world flows across its old bridges or through its deepwater port.

2017 May 12, Jane Perlez, Yufan Huang, Paul Mozur, “How North Korea Managed to Defy Years of Sanctions”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-05-12, Asia Pacific:

A prefecture-level city of Liaoning, China, across the Yalu River from Sinuiju, North Pyongan, North Korea.


Yingkou

Borrowed from Mandarin 營口 /营口 (Yíngkǒu).

Yingkow (alternative)
Ying-k'ou (alternative)

Yingkou, the real port of Newchwang, will shortly be connected by rail with the capital.

1900 April 26, “The Foreign Trade of China in 1899”, in The Board of Trade Journal, volume XXIX, number 178, page 155:

Tobacco—Tobacco is one of the staple products of Manchuria. The best leaf is raised around Kirin. It is blended with foreign leaf in making cigarettes. The British American Tobacco Company has a factory at Mukden, and the East Asia Tobacco Company has a factory at Yingkou. The export of the native leaf is increasing.

1922, South Manchuria Railway Company, Manchuria, Land of Opportunities, Thomas F. Logan, Inc., →OCLC, page 23:

Meanwhile, Liaoning’s provincial health authority reported three new infections, including two local ones, both in the port city of Yingkou.

2021 May 14, “Officials log first local covid cases in weeks”, in The Washington Post, Reuters, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-05-16, World Digest:

A prefecture-level city of Liaoning, China.


Ngari

Tibet is divided into four parts; Ngari (Neri), a pretty large country, is the fourth ; it lies to the south, and borders on countries inhabited by people who are known by the names of Lataka and Gougoutsie.

1827, George Timkowski, Travels of the Russian Mission through Mongolia to China in the Years 1820-1821, volume I, London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, page 444:

My first step was to contact a colleague from Hong Kong, the sexologist Li Kai-Sing, whose work in Tibet before the Communist takeover had earned him an international reputation as an authority on polyandry. He promptly contacted a Ngari herdsman name Lo Wu, who had worked with him in the past and who was a member of a love commune which numbered eighteen wives and forty-three husbands. Lo Wu agreed to introduce me to all the members of his commune, and to assist me in every way possible as I attempted to gather the data I sought.
My next step was to learn everything I could about the Ngari herdsmen's culture and social mores, so that when I finally did arrive in Tibet I'd be able to meet my subjects on what was more or less their own level. Unfortunately, the literature on Ngari culture and social mores was scant, because very few investigators other than Li Kai-Sing had set foot in that godforsaken corner of the world.

1968, Troy Conway, Keep It Up, Rod!, Warner Communications, published 1973, →OCLC, page 10:

At the same time, in the western areas of the Tibet Autonomous Region, the Ngari area also launched a Buddhism revival movement. As it appeared on the upper route of the Ngari area, Tibetologists called it the ^([sic]) "the upper route spread of Tibetan Buddhism".

2003, 尕藏加 [Ga Zangjia], Tibetan Religions (Series of Basic Information of Tibet of China), China Intercontinental Press (五洲传播出版社), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 71:

I had met him in Ngari in 1997, when he was Commissioner of Ngari Prefecture, and struck up a friendship with him through our mutual love of photography.

2005, Weidong (成卫东) Cheng, 雪域寻梦 [Dreams of Snow Land], Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 187:

A prefecture of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.

阿里

prefecture in Tibet Autonomous Region, China


Nyingchi

Today, developments in modern technology can be observed in the industrial center of Nyingchi on the lower reaches of the Nyang River.

1982, Zhang Mingtao, The Roof of the World, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 107:

To accommodate the expected visitors, a resort of “holiday villas” for a thousand guests was being planned for Nyingchi, near the upper end of the gorge, as well as a luxury hotel that will cater to the wealthy and powerful. Anticipating the tourist boom, business owners in Nyingchi prefecture formed a club dedicated to investigating reports that a “legendary wild man,’ presumably a yeti, inhabits the gorge.

2002, Michael McRae, In Search of Shangri-La, Broadway Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 198:

Nyingchi, east of Lhasa, is an ideal place to start the journey because of its lower elevation and pleasant scenery.

2011 August 26, Dongya Zhang, “Tibet season”, in Beijing Today, →OCLC, page 20:

A prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.


Chamdo

Chamdo is the capital of the province of Kham, and was heretofore fortified, but the walls had fallen to decay.

1852, Henry T. Prinsep, Tibet, Tartary, and Mongolia, 2nd edition, London: W. H. Allen & Co., →OCLC, page 133:

Haste would have been undignified for a Tibetan government official whatever his mission, and in any case the rough track that passed for the main street of Chamdo was heavily iced.

1957, Robert Ford, Wind Between the Worlds, Berkeley: Snow Lion Graphics, published 1987, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 4:

Gosay Tsering, my father’s eldest minister, spoke first. ‘For centuries, like the body following the head, we in Gonjo have paid taxes and obeyed the laws laid down by the government of Tibet. But in a few short years’ - he raised his hand in emphasis - ‘the Chinese have changed all that. Now our decisions are forced to be made by the fraudulent “Chamdo Liberation Committee.” ’
The mention of the committee in Chamdo brought heated response, for it was well known that though the committee was composed of Tibetans and Chinese, the Tibetans were represented in name only, and the governing force was Chinese.

2000, Ani Pachen, Adelaide Donnelley, Sorrow Mountain: The Journey of a Tibetan Warrior Nun, Doubleday, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 90:

According to the reports, which could not be independently verified, Tenzin Phuntsog, 46, formerly of the Karma monastery in the town of Chamdo, ignited himself near the monastery. He survived and is being treated at a hospital, the reports said.

2011 December 2, Keith Richburg, “A 12th self-immolation, first in Tibet proper, poses test for China”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2011-12-03, Asia & Pacific:

Tsering Woeser said Karma Tsewang was taken away by police Dec. 6 while traveling on business in the city of Chengdu. She said the monk was taken to Chamdo prefecture, where he has been detained since.[…]
Police in both Chamdo and Nangqian said they had no knowledge of the case. Calls to local governments were either unanswered or answered by people who said they did not know about the case.
Tsering Woeser said that Tang, who was retained by Karma Tsewang’s family, had been denied visits with the monk in Chamdo.

2013 December 31, “Correction: China-Tibet-Monk Detained story”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-06-13:

In eastern Tibet’s Chamdo district, where some of the earliest military-style training programs emerged, state media images from 2016 show laborers lining up in drill formation in military fatigues. In images published by state media in July this year, waitresses in military clothing are seen training at a vocational facility in the same district. Pictures posted online from the “Chamdo Golden Sunshine Vocational Training School” show rows of basic white shed-like accommodation with blue roofs. In one image, banners hanging on the wall behind a row of graduates say the labor transfer project is overseen by the local Human Resources and Social Security Department.

2020 September 22, Cate Cadell, “Exclusive: China sharply expands mass labor program in Tibet”, in Janet McBride, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2020-09-22, AMERS:

昌都

prefecture-level city in Tibet Autonomous Region, China


Changle

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 長樂 /长乐 (Chánglè).

Changlo (alternative)
Ch'ang-lo (alternative)
Diongloh (alternative)

Diongloh, a small port on the Min river 15 miles southeast of Foochow, fell to Chinese troops on Saturday.[…]Approximately 200 Japanese who tried to make a stand at Diongloh were wiped out, the Chinese said.

[1945 May 22 [1945 May 21], Spencer Moosa, “Chinese Take Railhead as Japs Retire”, in Hope Star, Hope, Ark., sourced from Chungking (AP), →OCLC, page 6, column 7:

Such an informal recruitment process seems to give just about anybody with the right connections or in the right social circles the opportunity to enter the business. Such was the story of a teacher in Changle County who became involved in the business because her husband was without a stable job at one point.

2008, Sheldon X. Zhang, Chinese Human Smuggling Organizations, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 31:

Nowadays, the craft has been listed as one of the intangible cultural heritages of Fuzhou City. Four inheriting bases for the craft have been set up in four schools in Changle District of Fuzhou, where Chen spends his leisure time teaching students.

2021 June 6, “GLOBALink Young craftsman revives hundred-year-old handicraft in SE China's Fujian”, in huaxia, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2021-06-06:

The New York outpost, which was set up by the city of Fuzhou, is based in the offices of a Chinese community organization, the America Changle Association NY, according to the state-run China Youth Daily, which last year published a document listing various police outposts. Changle is a district in the city of Fuzhou. The article has since been deleted.

2023 January 12, Megha Rajagopalan, William K. Rashbaum, “With F.B.I. Search, U.S. Escalates Global Fight Over Chinese Police Outposts”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-01-12, Europe:

A district of Fuzhou, Fujian, China; a former county of Fujian, China.


Yarlung Tsangpo

Yarlung Tsangbo (canonical)
Yarlung Zangbo (alternative)

/ˈjɑː(ɹ)lʊŋ ˈtsæŋpəʊ/

/- ˈtsɑːŋpəʊ/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཡར་ཀླུངས་གཙང་པོ (yar klungs gtsang po).

bor

ཡར་ཀླུངས་གཙང་པོ

The Himalaya guards the southern rim of the plateau in one continuous sweep of 2250 km, each end marked by a massive mountain, Nanga Parbat on the Indus in the west and Namjagbarwa at the great bend of the Yarlung Tsangpo in the east.

1998, George B. Schaller, Wildlife of the Tibetan Steppe, University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 21:

A forty-minute drive through the Yarlung Tsangpo River valley took the team from the airport to the city of Lhasa.

2015, Chris Kuzneski, The Prisoner's Gold, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 232:

In October, China began operating the giant Zangmu Dam on the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet, upsetting India and Bangladesh because the river is an important waterway in their countries.

2016 June 18, Edward Wong, “China’s Last Wild River Carries Conflicting Environmental Hopes”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-06-18, Asia Pacific:

In November of last year, China’s state-owned media shared plans for a 60-gigawatt mega-dam on the Yarlung Tsangpo river in the Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR).[...]The Yarlung Tsangpo is of particular significance, as it represents the body of the goddess Dorje Phagmo, one of the highest incarnations in Tibetan culture.

2021 February 8, Oliver Lees, “China to build the world’s biggest dam on sacred Tibetan river”, in Al-Jazeera, archived from the original on 2021-02-08:

Tibet Autonomous Region
Tibet Autonomous Region

The upper stream of the Brahmaputra River located in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.


Tunxi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 屯溪 (Túnxī).

T'un-hsi (alternative)
Tunki (alternative)

The bronze vessels discovered at Tunhsi, in Anhwei province south of the Yangtze River, were found in several tombs of the Western Chou dynasty.

[1973 June, Nai Hsia, “600,000 Years of Labor and Struggle”, in China Reconstructs, China Welfare Institute, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 24, column 3:

The same is true of Western Zhou bronzes excavated in Dantu county, Jiangsu Province, and Tunxi, Anhui Province.[...]The bronzes from a tomb of the Western Zhou at Yiqi, Tunxi, also have some of their own peculiar designs, such as a gui with a weaving pattern commonly seen on bamboo-woven articles of south China, but rarely encountered in the Central Plain.

1980, Li Xueqin, 中国青铜器的奥秘 [The Wonder of Chinese Bronzes], Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, page 77:

Thus, it was only with the help of supporters that Gale was able to take postgraduate medical courses at Columbia Medical College, and prepare for the new mission field in Tunki Anhwei.

[2001, M. Cristina Zaccarini, The Sino-American Friendship as Tradition and Challenge: Dr. Ailie Gale in China, 1908–1950, Lehigh University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 97:

Round-trip flights between Shanghai and Huangshan City (also known as Tunxi) start at 580 renminbi (about $93)[…]

2011 October 28, Justin Bergman, “In Anhui, China, Centuries-Old Charm”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-05-01, TRAVEL:

An hour later, we said hello to Tunhsi. Tunhsi is the gateway to Huangshan, China’s most spectacular mountain.

[2016, Bill Porter, “Huangshan & Chiuhuashan [黃山 九花山]”, in South of the Yangtze: Travels Through the Heart of China, Counterpoint Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 139:


Gyantse

Gyangtse (alternative)
Gyangzê (alternative)

A county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.

A town in Gyantse County, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.


Xinhui

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 新會 /新会 (Xīnhuì).

Hsinhui is one of the four famous counties in Kwangtung Province, where the great bulk of Overseas Chinese in North and South America originally came from.[…]Because of its picturesque landscape with one of the oldest banyan trees in existence, Hsinhui county has become one of the eight most scenic resorts in Kwangtung Province, which included the visits of Chou En-lai and Yeh Chien-ying.

[1973, T. K. Cheung, “My First Encounter and a Political Debate”, in Ex-CIA Man: In and Out of China, Hong Kong: Asian Research Service, →OCLC, page 23:

A number of Jiangmen's townships have become highly concentrated production areas. For instance, in 2001, Siqian, in Jiangmen's southern city of Xinhui, produced 80 percent of its industrial value from metal kitchen products.

2003 April, Michael Enright, Edith Scott, “Jiangmen”, in The Greater Pearl River Delta, Hong Kong: Invest Hong Kong, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 101:

The smell of tangerines wafts across Jiangmen’s Xinhui district on a late autumn day, as it has done for centuries.
But ambitious urbanisation plans for the city on the west bank of the Pearl River, part of the Chinese government’s “Greater Bay Area” drive, mean it may not do so for much longer.

2017 November 19, Huifeng He, “Pearl River Delta’s poorer cities plan big changes in ‘Greater Bay Area’ push”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-11-19, Policies & Politics:

A district of Jiangmen, Guangdong, China; a former county of Guangdong, China.


ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ

→ Chinese: 吉林 (Jílín)

→ English: Kirin

Provinces – ᡤᠣᠯᠣ: ᠠᠨᡥᡡᡳ · ᡶᡠᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ · ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᡩᡠᠩ · ᡤᠠᠨᠰᡠ · ᡤᡠᡳᠵᡝᠣ · ᡥᠣᠨᠠᠨ · ᡥᡡᠪᡝ · ᡥᠣᠪᡝ · ᡥᠠᡳᠨᠠᠨ · ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨᡠᠯᠠ · ᡥᡡᠨᠠᠨ · ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ · ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩᠰᡠ · ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩᠰᡳ · ᠯᡳᠶᠣᡠᠨᡳᠩ · ᡥᡠᡥᡠᠨᠣᠣᡵ · ᠰᠶᠴᡠᠸᠠᠨ · ᡧᠠᠨᡩᡠᠩ · ᡧᠠᠨᠰᡳ · ᠰᠠᠨᠰᡳ · ᡨᠠᡳᠸᠠᠨ · ᠶᡡᠨᠨᠠᠨ · ᠵᡝᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩ

Autonomous regions – ᠪᡝᠶᡝᡩᠠᠰᠠᠩᡤᠠᡤᠣᠯᠣ: ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᠰᡳ · ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳᠮᠣᠩᡤᠣ · ᠨᡳᠩᡥᡳᠠ · ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳᡩᡯᠠᠩ · ᡳᠴᡝᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨ

Municipalities – ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ: ᠪᡝᡤᡳᠩ · ᡨᡳᠶᠠᠨᠵᡳᠨ · ᡧᠠᠩᡥᠠᡳ · ᠴᡠᠩᡴᡳᠩ

Jilin, Jilin City (a prefecture-level city of Jilin, China)


Wulong

SUMMARY OF A FARM BUSINESS STUDY IN WU LUNG, SZECHWAN 1943-44
A farm business study was made in Wulung County, Eastern Szechwan Province for the year 1913-44 . Wulung, a mountainous county, is located on the right bank of the[...]

[1940s, Economic Facts, numbers 16-51, Nan-ching shih University, →OCLC, page 715:

A landslide at a southwestern Chinese iron ore mine has buried at least 59 people, state media said on Friday.
Rescuers were on their way to the disaster site in Wulong county in Chongqing municipality, the official Xinhua news agency said.

2009 June 5, Ben Blanchard, “Landslide buries at least 59 in southwest China”, in Bill Tarrant, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-08-07, Asia Crisis:

In another case, the CYD disclosed a brazen case of law violation. In November 1997, when a female college graduate went to the Center of Exchange of Talent (rencai jiaoliu zhongxin) in Wulong county government, Chongqing, for a job interview, the head of the center, Luo Yongsheng, lured the student and raped her.

2013, Qiang Fang, “Chinese Media and the Rule of Law: The Case of the China Youth Daily, 1979-2006”, in Xiaobing Li, Qiang Fang, editors, Modern Chinese Legal Reform: New Perspectives, University Press of Kentucky, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 42:

A district of Chongqing, China, formerly a county.


練江

/li̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/liːn²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/li̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/liːn²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Lian River (a river in Guangdong, China)


榕江

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ioŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ioŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

w:Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture

(～縣) Rongjiang (a county of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou, China)

Rong River (a river in Guangdong, China)


Jinzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 金州 (Jīnzhōu).

/d͡ʒɪnˈd͡ʒoʊ/


Jinzhou

Translingual: Jinzhousaurus

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 錦州 /锦州 (Jǐnzhōu).

Chinchow (alternative)
Chin-chou (alternative)

/d͡ʒɪnˈd͡ʒoʊ/

Zhao Guoli, vice director of public security for an industrial park in Jinzhou city, was shot Friday after the Supreme People’s Court upheld his death sentence, the newspapers said.

1997 May 10, “Chinese police officer executed for embezzling”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2023-03-02:

But there still seemed to be some debate about whether backing down from Covid restrictions was the right approach. In the northeastern city of Jinzhou, in China’s Liaoning province, officials said that they had already begun to loosen some measures but still pushed back on deserting the “zero Covid” strategy.

2022 December 2, Benjamin Mueller, Alexandra Stevenson, David Pierson, Keith Bradsher, Olivia Wang, “As Officials Ease Covid Restrictions, China Faces New Pandemic Risks”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-02, The Coronavirus Pandemic:


Jinzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 晉州 /晋州 (Jìnzhōu).

/d͡ʒɪnˈd͡ʒoʊ/

Bishop Jia Zhiguo was detained June 25 by officials from the religious affairs bureau in Jinzhou, a northern city in Hebei Province, said the Cardinal Kung Foundation, based in Stamford, Connecticut.

2006 July 7, Keith Bradsher, “Hong Kong cardinal is a thorn to Beijing, a beacon for Vatican - Asia - Pacific - International Herald Tribune”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-07-01, Asia Pacific:

A county-level city of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.


Hailar

From Mongolian Хайлаар (Xajlaar)/ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠷ (qayilar).

After visiting Hailar, the trade centre of North-Eastern Mongolia and Trans-Hingan Manchuria, Dr. Fritsche entered Russian territory at Tsurukhaitu.

1874 June 22, Henry Bartle Frere, Address to the Royal Geographical Society, page clxxvi:

The first outbreak continued without any interruption at Manchouli and passed on to the other cities until its suppression in the following April. The second outbreak did not show its full virulence until November, at Hailar, where I personally examined the early bubonic cases and saw the gradual evolution through the septicemic into the pulmonary form.

1922, Lien Teh Wu, “Plague in the Orient with Special Reference to the Manchurian Outbreaks”, in Addresses & Papers, Dedication Ceremonies and Medical Conference, Peking Union Medical College, September 15-22, 1921, Concord, New Hampshire: Rumford Press, →OCLC, page 193:

From the time the Allies invited them into Harbin (the end of December, 1917), Chinese troops had been moving rapidly along the Chinese Eastern Railway to take over garrison duties throughout the zone.⁹ According to Semenov, it was only through a combination of force and trickery that he was able to keep Hailar and Manchouli out of their hands.¹⁰

1957, James William Morley, The Japanese Thrust into Siberia, 1918, Columbia University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 85:

The aircraft was reported to have landed at Hailar, a city of about 100,000 people in Inner Mongolia about 70 miles from the Soviet border.

1985 December 25, “SOVIET AIRLINER REPORTEDLY HIJACKED TO CHINA”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, section 1, page 4:

Hailar district, an administrative division about three hours away from Manzhouli, has blocked some roads linking it to the outside and required people arriving from Manzhouli to be quarantined at centralised facilities for two weeks.

2021 November 28, Roxanne Liu, Gabriel Crossley, “Parts of northern China tighten curbs on new COVID-19 flare-ups”, in Kim Coghill, Gerry Doyle, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-11-29, China:

A district and former county-level city of Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China.

海拉爾 /海拉尔

district and former county-level city in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, China


市橋

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/siː¹³ kʰiːu̯²¹/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/

/siː¹³ kʰiːu̯²¹/

(～街道) Shiqiao (a subdistrict of Panyu district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)


Tanggu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 塘沽 (Tánggū).

Tangku (alternative dated)
T'ang-ku (alternative)

The Dagang refinery, in the northern port of Tianjin, has been shortlisted as a potential partner for a proposed 200,000 barrels-per-day (bpd) refinery with Russian state giant Rosneft ROSN.MM, officials have told Reuters.[…]
It has also started building depots at nearby Tanggu, with capacity to store 650,000 tonnes (4.7 million barrels) of crude oil and refined fuels, said the official, without giving a timeframe for completion.

2007 February 5, Chen Aizhu, “PetroChina plant expands, awaits Russian JV plan”, in Nick Macfie, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-09-12, Market News:

And the discussion on China’s social media sphere isn’t done yet. On the evening of August 13, the top-trending hashtag on Sina Weibo was “#塘沽爆炸真相#” – “Tanggu [the explosion’s location in the Binhai district] explosion truth.”

2015 August 14, Shannon Tiezzi, “The Tianjin Explosion, As Chronicled on Chinese Social Media”, in The Diplomat, archived from the original on 2015-10-27:

A subdistrict of Binhai district, Tianjin, China, on Bohai Bay; a former district of Tianjin, China.

塘沽

subdistrict of Binhai district, Tianjin, China; former district of Tianjin, China


Sanshui

Borrowed from Mandarin 三水 (Sānshuǐ, literally “three waters”).

People in some 10 counties along the West River basin in Kwangtung Province have been mobilized to join in flood-fighting or disaster relief work, with more than 10,000 in Sanshui County alone.

1978 May 28, “Drought striken North”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIX, number 21, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

This month, she will travel to the Sanshui District in Guangdong province to begin recording the show. The 10th season of Chinese Dream Show began last Sunday (Feb 25).

2018 March 4, Huiwen Ng, “Grandma Mary to star in reality talent show Chinese Dream Show”, in The Straits Times, archived from the original on 2018-03-04:

A district of Foshan, Guangdong, China; a former county of Guangdong, China.


Zhaoqing

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 肇慶 /肇庆 (Zhàoqìng).

Chaoching (alternative)
Chao-ch'ing (alternative)
Chaoking (alternative)
Shiuhing (alternative)

Residents said people were concerned the halt was just temporary. “The notice was released by Lubu town government, but the project is led by Zhaoqing city government so the notice issued by the town government is not enough,” said a resident and restaurant worker who would only gave his surname, Yu.

2016 July 3, Louise Watt, “Police injured as residents protest incinerator in China”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-31:

A prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China.


萬州

/wän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/maːn²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/wän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/maːn²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～區) Wanzhou (a district of Chongqing, China)


萬縣

→ English: Wanhsien, Wanxian

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Wanxian, Wan County (a former county of Sichuan, China)


Wanzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 萬州 /万州 (Wànzhōu).

After more than three hours in cramped vans and buses, we gave up on our hoped-for destination, a supposedly lovely town called Wanzhou, and debarked, at lunchtime, in Liangping, a gray, homely town we’d never heard of.

2010 December 24, Matt Gross, “Lost in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-11-04, Travel:

A statement from Wanzhou district police said the 48-year-old female passenger asked the driver to pull over after she missed her stop, but he didn’t.

2018 November 2, “Woman fought with driver, causing bus to fall in China river”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-08-16:

In Wanzhou district, northeast of Chongqing, floods have caused 227.8 million yuan ($31.5 million) worth of economic losses, state broadcaster CCTV said.

2023 July 5, Bernard Orr, Ella Cao, Ethan Wang, “Rain kills 15 in southwest China as Xi urges better defences”, in Andrea Ricci, Robert Birsel, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-07-05, Asia Pacific:


Tongzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 通州 (Tōngzhōu).

Tungchow (alternative)
T'ung-chou (alternative)

The centerpiece of the plan will be an administrative center in the Beijing suburb of Tongzhou, a historic move that reverses decades of urban planning that wedged government offices into the imperial city center.

2015 July 11, Ian Johnson, “Chinese Officials to Restructure Beijing to Ease Strains on City Center”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-07-13, ASIA PACIFIC:

A residential project in the capital city that went on sale in October in the eastern district of Tongzhou offered a 1% discount to buyers if they made down-payments within seven days to one month, a salesperson told Reuters.

2022 January 5, Liangping Gao, Ryan Woo, “Home prices in large Chinese cities show tentative signs of stabilising”, in Ana Nicolaci da Costa, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-01-05, Asian Markets:


ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ

head

ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ • (manǰuur)

mn-proper noun

ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ • (manǰuur)

Derived from Russian Маньчжу́рія f inan sg (Manʹčžúrija, “Manzhouli”), from Manchu ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ (manju).

der+

Manzhouli (a county-level city of Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China, on the border with Russia)


Guiping

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 桂平 (Guìpíng).

Kuei-p'ing (alternative)
Kweiping (alternative dated)

There was a battle at Kueiping just before the ladies came down. The buildings were hit but no one was hurt. Fighting is still going on in various places along the West River.

[2010, Bernice A. Verbyla, “News from Kwangsi”, in Aunt Mae's China: This is the Story of Beatrice Mae Tonkin, Xulon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 132:

Once their boat reached Tai Hong Kwong, a village alongside a sharp bend in the Pearl River north of Kweiping (Guiping), Ka Yik led his American friends down the muddy, narrow streets to a shop belonging to his father.

2016, Bill Lascher, “"Why Should I Contribute a Little More Trash?"”, in Eve of a Hundred Midnights: The Star-Crossed Love Story of Two World War II Correspondents and Their Epic Escape Across the Pacific, 1st edition, William Morrow, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 31:

An officer with the Guiping city traffic police said six vehicles were covered in mud and rocks, but it wasn’t clear how many people were inside them.

2013 August 19, “Death toll from weekend flooding, landslides passes 100”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-10-24, China:

In Guangxi, two cities -- Guiping and Beiliu -- both said students would not be allowed to go to school unless both of their parents were fully vaccinated. After vocal opposition on social media, the notices were deleted although it is unclear if the restrictions will still apply.

2021 July 15, Ben Westcott, “Unvaccinated people in parts of China to be denied access to hospitals, parks and schools”, in CNN, archived from the original on 2021-07-16:

A county-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China.


Zhuzhou

/ˌd͡ʒuːˈd͡ʒoʊ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 株洲 (Zhūzhōu).

Chuchow (alternative dated)
Chu-chou (alternative)

A June 27 Hsinhua report tells how 8,000 young people have been successfully "settled" and "re-educated" on the outskirts of Chuchou, a city in Hunan province. Success was achieved in this task because "the Chuchou municipal committee of the Chinese Communist party raised its consciousness of the struggle between the two lines during the great movement to criticize Lin Piao and rectify the style of work."

[1974 August 5, Peter Green, “The Big-Character Posters on the Walls of China”, in Intercontinental Press, volume 12, number 30, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1075, columns 2, 3:

In the 1960s it was reported that Chinese uranium ore was only partly processed at the Chuchou Uranium Processing Plant in Hunan Province and was then sent to Czechoslovakia for further concentration.

[1978, Doing Business with the People's Republic of China: Industries and Markets, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 280:

In Hunan Province, a spill occurred Jan. 4 in the industrial city of Zhuzhou after workers cleaning up a wastewater ditch mistakenly diverted the sewage water into the nearby Xiangjiang River.

2006 January 12, Jim Yardley, “China Chemical Spills Spur Plan to Guard Water Supply”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-05-06:

In May, authorities in China’s southern Hunan province detained Chen after he made a posting on social media commemorating the crackdown. He described being harassed by state security police over the years during “sensitive periods” around the anniversary date.
The rights group Chinese Human Rights Defenders said he was believed to have been held in a detention center in Zhuzhou, in Hunan, shortly after.

2023 September 22, Huizhong Wu, Johnson Lai, “A Chinese dissident in transit at a Taiwan airport pleads for help in seeking asylum”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2023-09-22, World News:

A prefecture-level city of Hunan, China.


大沽

→ English: Dagu, Taku

/taːi̯²² kuː⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² kuː⁵⁵/

(～街道) Dagu (a subdistrict of Binhai district, Tianjin, China)


大沽口

/tä⁵¹ ku⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² kuː⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ku⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/taːi̯²² kuː⁵⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

Dagukou (an area of Binhai district, Tianjin, China, where the Taku Forts are located)


Nan'ao

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 南澳 (Nán'ào).

Nan-ao (alternative)
Namoa (alternative)

The force composition of the two PLA concentrations—on the Dongshan-Nan'ao Islands area at the southern end of the Strait and Haitan Island at the northern end-reflected their assigned missions dealing with achievement of air and sea superiority and amphibious assault.

1997, John W. Garver, “The Confrontation”, in Face Off: China, the United States, and Taiwan's Democratization, University of Washington Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, pages 99–100:


Luntai

In many cases, the Postal Guide gives the Chinese name alone. This applies to most small places, and it is not always easy to identify Chinese post offices with Turki villages ; e.g. are Luntai (east of Kucha) and Shanshan (east of Turfan), as shown in the somewhat diagrammatic Postal Atlas of China, identical with the Bugur and Pichan of the Survey of India maps?

1925 March, J. H. Reynolds, “Place-names in Sinkiang”, in The Geographical Journal, volume LXV, number 3, London: Royal Geographical Society, page 242:

In September, state media said police shot dead 40 rioters, some of whom were seeking to blow themselves up, after explosions went off in Luntai county.

2014 October 12, Michael Martina, “Policewoman killed in China's Xinjiang - state media”, in Robert Birsel, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-11, World News:

A county of Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


高麗營

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵ iŋ³⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li³⁵ iŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Gaoliying (a town in Shunyi district, Beijing, China)


三元里

/sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ lei̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːm⁵⁵ jyːn²¹ lei̯¹³⁻³⁵/

Sanyuanli (a neighbourhood of Baiyun district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)


ᠵᠠᠩ ᡤᡳᠶᠠ ᡴᡝᠣ

Zhangjiakou (a city in the Hebei autonomous region, China)


ᡥᠠᠯᠪᡳᠨ

halbin (romanization)
ᡥᠠᡵᠪᡳᠨ (alternative)
neologism (alternative)

(historical) Harbin (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Heilongjiang, in northeastern China)


諾門罕

ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄇㄣˊ ㄏㄢˇ

ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄇㄣˊ ㄏㄢˇ

/nu̯ɔ⁵¹ mən³⁵ xän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nu̯ɔ⁵¹ mən³⁵ xän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Transliteration of Manchu ᠨᠣᠮᡠᠨ
ᡥᠠᠨ (nomun han), from Classical Mongolian ᠨᠣᠮᠤᠨ
ᠬᠠᠨ (nomun qan, “Yama; Nomonhan”).

der

諾門罕戰役

诺门罕战役

New Barag Left Banner
New Barag Left Banner#English

Nuomenhan (an area of New Barag Left Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


Yueyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 岳陽 /岳阳 (Yuèyáng).

Yueh-yang (alternative)
Yoyang (alternative dated)

Japanese troops were pulled to Yuehyang, at the junction of the Hsiang and Yangtze rivers, from Hunan, Honan, and Hupeh provinces.

[1982, Roy M. Stanley II, “The Land War in China”, in Prelude to Pearl Harbor, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 128, column 1:

In his capacity as Thief-punishing General, after the grand birthday celebrations in Hankow, he transferred his headquarters to Yüeh-yang.

[1999, Chiang Kuei, translated by Timothy A. Ross, A Translation of the Chinese Novel Chung-yang (Rival Suns) by Chiang Kuei (1908-1980), Edwin Mellen Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 342:

岳陽 /岳阳

prefecture-level city or county of Hunan, China

In Yueyang county, Hunan, some 22,000 people lost their homes during the building of Tieshan Reservoir.

2011, Frank Dikötter, Mao's Great Famine, Bloomsbury, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 170:


Luding

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 瀘定／泸定 (Lúdìng).

zh-l

瀘定／泸定 (Lúdìng)

Originally, planks had been laid across the nine chains, and the whole bridge, suspended between two cliffs, swayed like a cradle with the motions of the person walking upon it. Now the planks were gone, having been taken by the enemy into Luting City. All that remained were the black hanging chains.

[1971, Dick Wilson, “The Bridge of Iron Chains”, in The Long March 1935: The Epic of Chinese Communism's Survival, New York: Viking Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 168:

Luding (Dadu Rivier) Bridge on Ya'an-Kargilik County Highway spans the Dadu River in Luding County, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garze, Sichuan Province.
It shortens the distance between Ya'an City and Luding County, greatly benefitting local inhabitants.

2021 June 17, “'First Bridge of Sichuan-Tibet' spans two cliffs”, in Li Yuxin, editor, China News Service, archived from the original on 2021-06-18:

As aftershocks of 3.0 magnitude or higher continued to rock the area, rescuers transported over 50,000 people from the hardest-hit Luding county, according to local media

2022 September 6, “China earthquake death toll jumps to 65 as aftershocks rattle Sichuan”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2022-09-06:

A county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China.


Hepu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 合浦 (Hépǔ).

Here in Hepu County, an impoverished agricultural district just north of China's border with Vietnam, Chan and his business partners are hatching plans for a mammoth food processing operation they promise will be the world's largest producer of foie gras.[…]
Hepu farmers say they can raise a single goose for less than 40 yuan--about $5. That's a fraction of what competitors in France must spend.

2000 August 1, Clay Chandler, “A Golden Goose in Red China? Entrepreneur Bets Millions That Foie Gras Will Fatten Export Figures”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-08-28:

A county of Beihai, Guangxi autonomous region, China.


Jingjiang

/d͡ʒɪŋˈd͡ʒ(i)æŋ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 靖江 (Jìngjiāng).

Ching-chiang (alternative)
Tsingkiang (alternative)

Chingchiang county was once a large sandy island that became a part of the north shore in the first half of the 17th century. Chungming Island was close to the south shore two centuries ago, but today it is separated from the north shore by only a narrow strip of water and is still moving closer to it.

[1975 February, “Deltas”, in China Reconstructs, volume XXIV, number 2, Peking: China Welfare Institute, →OCLC, page 38, column 2:

The government of Jingjiang city in China's eastern Jiangsu province said on Friday that a fire at a chemical plant had been put under control and there were no casualties.

2016 April 22, Brenda Goh, Elias Glenn, Beijing newsroom, Michael Martina, Pete Sweeney, “China local government says chemical fire under control, no casualties”, in Ed Davies, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-03-07, EMERGING MARKETS:

Many of the dozens of people who stood outside a courthouse in Jingjiang, eastern China’s Jiangsu province, four years ago had never met the man they were demanding to be released.

2017 September 24, Mimi Lau, “Wang Quanzhang: the last ‘709’ lawyer left in China’s legal limbo”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-09-24, Policies & Politics:

A county-level city of Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.


Baise

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 百色 (Bǎisè).

Pai-se (alternative)
Poseh (alternative)

After having made contact with General Chennault and the OSS, Ho left for Kwangsi to visit the Dong Minh Hoi. This time he went to Paise instead of Liuchow because Liuchow had fallen into Japanese hands on November 11, 1944.

[1969, King C. Chen, Vietnam and China, 1938-1954, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 94:

Liu Jih-fu was an oldtime Kwangsi military leader. When the Kwangtung army captured Nanning, he withdrew his 3,000 to 4,000 men to Paise (Poseh) near the Yunnan border and fought on there.

[1979, Te-kong Tong, Li Tsung-jen, “Establishment of the Self-governing Armies”, in The Memoirs of Li Tsung-jen (Studies of the East Asian Institute of Columbia University), Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 90:

According to Xinhua news agency, both the route and the timetable of the torch relay were adjusted on Sunday in order to minimize disturbance on the examinees in Baise, a city in southwestern China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

2008 June 11, Flora Zhang, “How College Entrance Exams Shortened the Olympic Torch Relay”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-07:

Why did the outbreak in Baise spark fears around the world about the key metal?
Where is Baise?
Located near the border with Vietnam, Baise is nicknamed the "aluminium capital of southern China".
Home to around 3.5 million people, Baise is a hub for aluminium mining and production.

2022 February 9, “Why has a Chinese city's lockdown sent aluminium prices surging?”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-02-09:

A prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China.


Tonghua

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 通化 (Tōnghuà).

T'ung-hua (alternative)
Tunghwa (alternative)

An official in the northeastern Chinese city of Tonghua, where residents are barred from leaving their homes amid a strict lockdown, apologized to residents who said they had not been receiving enough food.
Tonghua, an industrial city of about two million people in Jilin Province, went into lockdown on Jan. 20 after the number of recent cases grew to nearly 100.

2021 January 26, Salman Masood, Lin Qiqing, “Chinese city apologizes over food shortages during lockdown, and other news from around the world.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-01-26:

A prefecture-level city of Jilin, China.

通化

prefecture-level city or county of Jilin, China

In order to improve the line of communications in Manchuria, the Chinese authorities are going to extend the Mukden-Hailung to Linkiang viá Hsinking and Tunghua as requested by the residents of these cities; but in view of the small amount of the product for export by the line, the prospect is not quite favourable. According to semi-official reports, the proposed extension will start at Hsinking for Tunghua, over 320 Chinese li away. Then 20 Chinese li east of Tunghua it will have to negotiate the mountainous region from Tungchangtai and Sanhotzu, necessitating the construction of an extensive tunnel.

[1928 March 8 [1928 February 20], A.N.A., “NEW RAILWAYS IN MANCHURIA.”, in Hongkong Daily Press, number 21,732, Hong Kong, sourced from Peking, →OCLC, page 3, column 3:

Evidently negotiations were successful, since about this time the Red guerrillas" were reported to have expanded their forces by collaborating with the Big Swords in nearby Chinchuan Hsien and with the National Salvation Army in Tunghua and Liuho hsien.

[1983, Chong-Sik Lee, “Radicalism versus United Front among the Guerrillas”, in Revolutionary Struggle in Manchuria: Chinese Communism and Soviet Interest, 1922-1945, University of California Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 214:

Kangmei Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
* Says to cooperate with government of Tonghua county, where healthcare market is worth over 3 billion yuan ($496 million), on medical services

2014 January 15, “China's Kangmei Pharma to cooperate with govt of Tonghua county on medical services”, in Reuters, sourced from Hong Kong and Singapore newsrooms, archived from the original on 2024-10-05:


Hanzhong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 漢中 /汉中 (Hànzhōng).

Han-chung (alternative)
Hanchung (alternative)

The Xinhua state news agency said the attack occurred at 8 a.m. at a kindergarten in Nanzheng County of Hanzhong City.
Liu Xiaoming, deputy director of the propaganda department of Hanzhong City, confirmed the deaths and injuries.

2010 May 12, “7 Children Killed in School in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-05-16:

For Wang, the recent graduate, the CCP badge is essential. Raised in Hanzhong, a city of 3 million in Shaanxi province, by two civil servant parents, Wang applied to join the party in his first year at college. Uploading photos of himself dressed in dark suits with the bright red emblem of the party pinned to his lapel “gives people the feeling that you are mature and serious,” he said.

2022 August 15, Vic Chiang, Christian Shepherd, “In China, civil servant chic is the new look for straitened times”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-15, Asia:

A prefecture-level city of Shaanxi, China.


宜川

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yichuan (a county of Yan'an, Shaanxi, China)


四九

/sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sei̯³³ kɐu̯³⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sei̯³³ kɐu̯³⁵/

From 四九墟 (literally “fourth-&-ninth market”), as locals gather for trade on the fourth and ninth days of each lunar month.

(～鎮) Sijiu (a town in Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


Gejiu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 箇舊 /个旧 (Gèjiù).

Kochiu (alternative dated)
Ko-chiu (alternative)

The Ko-chiu area in Yunnan is still the backbone of the Chinese tin industry, as it supplies about two-thirds of China's total output.

[1973, Chiao-min Hsieh, ATLAS OF CHINA, McGraw-Hill, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 97:

According to French Consul François, the governor-general and other leading officials personally attended the drill practices close to Yunnanfu. Five prefectures succeeded in organizing t’uan-lien, which paraded and drilled before dawn and before dusk in the villages.¹⁸ In the winter of 1903-4 an occasion arose to test the experiment. A revolt, antiforeign and antiofficial in inspiration, started among the perennially restive young tin miners in the Ko-chiu mining region.

[1980, Donald S. Sutton, Provincial Militarism and the Chinese Republic: The Yunnan Army, 1905–25 (Michigan Studies on China), Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 56–57:

In Gejiu, a city of 310,000 people on a route favored by drug traffickers, initial rounds of AIDS testing in recent years found more than 1,000 people with H.I.V., nearly all drug users or prostitutes. Tong Waiyuan, a vice mayor, explained that Yunnan's new plan included needle exchanges, condom promotion, and more testing and education and counseling.

2005 June 16, Jim Yardley, “Chinese City Emerges As Model in AIDS Fight”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-29, Asia Pacific:

An estimated 50,000 tonnes of capacity is expected to be closed in 2010 among 53 lead smelters in the Shadian industrial section of Gejiu city in Yunnan province which has 500,000 tonnes of lead smelting capacity a year, local officials said Thursday.

2010 June 3, “China's Gejiu area lead smelters face closure -industry”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-30, Metals News:

A county-level city of Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China.


坪石

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ sɛːk̚²/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ sɛːk̚²/

(～鎮) Pingshi (a town in Lechang, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)


Yadong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 亞東 /亚东 (Yàdōng).

Yatung (alternative)
Ya-tung (alternative)

The mountain pass, at a height of 4,545 meters, or 14,911 feet, connects Yadong County in Tibet with the northeast Indian state of Sikkim.

2006 July 6, David Lague, Amelia Gentleman, “On the Silk Road, China and India smooth tensions - Business - International Herald Tribune”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-04, International Business:

Late last month, China warned India not to “push your luck” by underestimating Beijing’s determination to protect what it believes is sovereign territory high in the Himalayas. Although India has called for a negotiated settlement and both sides have shown restraint as Chinese troops work to extend the road from Yadong in Tibet, rhetoric has grown increasingly heated of late.

2017 August 6, Cindy Boren, “‘A message of peace’: Amid border tension, Indian boxer offers title belt to Chinese opponent”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-08-06, Early Lead:

A county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.


渠舊

/t͡ɕʰy³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰy³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

(～鎮) Qujiu (a town in Fusui, Chongzuo, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


ᠴᡳᠴᡳᡥᠠᡵ

齊齊哈爾／齐齐哈尔 (Qíqíhā'ěr)

→ Chinese: 齊齊哈爾／齐齐哈尔 (Qíqíhā'ěr)

→ English: Qiqihar

Qiqihar (a prefecture-level city of Heilongjiang, China)


哈拉湖

/xä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/xä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ xu³⁵/


Yanan

Il y a le tourisme rouge, qui vous entraîne sur les pas de Mao, comme à Yanan, dans le Shaanxi, l'ancien bastion révolutionnaire des communistes avant leur arrivée au pouvoir en 1949.

2013 August 1, Brice Pedroletti, “Comment les Chinois partent en vacances”, in Le Monde, archived from the original on 2013-08-05:

alternative spelling of Yan'an (a prefecture-level city of Shaanxi, China)


三道嶺

/sän⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sän⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Sandaoling (a town in Yizhou district, Hami, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Liaoyang

Borrowed from Mandarin 遼陽 /辽阳 (Liáoyáng).

It was just such a mob as this, started by undisciplined soldiers, which resulted in the death of Rev. Mr. Wylie, of the Scotch United Presbyterian Mission, at Liaoyang.

1895 April, “Editorial Paragraphs”, in The Missionary Herald, volume XCI, number IV, →OCLC, page 130:

* China’s top state energy group CNPC has started test runs at a new crude unit in subsidiary plant in Liaoyang that’s designated to process Russian crude oil, the group said on Monday[…]
* Reuters has reported Liaoyang was expected to become a main Russian oil processor under CNPC from end of this year after a major upgrade. For now, CNPC’s Dalian refinery is taking most of the increased supplies of Russian crude from the East Siberian Pacific Ocean pipeline (ESPO).

2018 July 22, Aizhu Chen, “China's CNPC starts test runs at new crude unit in Liaoyang for Russian oil”, in Gopakumar Warrier, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-14, Commodities News:

A prefecture-level city of Liaoning, China.


Liaoyang

Liaoyang (a prefecture-level city of Liaoning, China)


百靈廟

ㄅㄞˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄧㄠˋ

ㄅㄞˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄧㄠˋ

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵ mi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

Darhan Muminggan United Banner
w:Darhan Muminggan United Banner

(～鎮) Bailingmiao (a town in Darhan Muminggan United Banner, Baotou, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China; where the aforementioned temple is located)


شياڭگاڭ

Hong Kong (a city, island and special administrative region in southeastern China)


額濟納

/ˀɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

/ŋaːk̚² t͡sɐi̯³³ naːp̚²/

/ˀɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

/ŋaːk̚² t͡sɐi̯³³ naːp̚²/

From Mongolian ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ (eǰen-e), from Tangut [Term?].

(～旗) Ejin (a banner in Alxa League, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


Jinghong

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 景洪 (Jǐnghóng).

In Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna Prefecture (pronounced she-shwang-ban-na), a cavalcade of bronze and stone elephant statues — some ferocious looking, others positively giddy — have been mounted on traffic islands and in front of new Thai-style shopping malls.

2014 April 25, Andrew Jacobs, “In Land That Values Ivory, Wild Elephants Find a Safe Haven”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-04-26, Asia Pacific:

Beyond Yunnan’s fragmented nature reserves, the churn of urbanisation continues. Xishuangbanna’s population has doubled in 40 years, its ethnic minorities subsumed in an urban sprawl centred on Jinghong, the region’s political centre.[…]
A study published last year said existing schemes “do not offer adequate protection”, with nearly 25% of the region’s biodiversity hotspots not covered. Another 2020 paper showed Jinghong had lost a quarter of its tropical forest since 1999.

2021 March 16, David Stanway, “China's Yunnan vows ecological 'security barrier' to limit disease risks”, in Janet Roberts, Blake Morrison, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-03-17, Environment:

A woman wears traditional clothes at a night market in the city of Jinghong in Xishuangbanna

2023 January 19, “Zero-Covid left in dust as Chinese revellers fuel travel boom”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2023-01-19:

A county-level city of Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China.

景洪

county-level city of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China


Zhabei

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 閘北 /闸北 (Zháběi, literally “area north of the sluices”), named after its position relative to two canal sluices constructed during the middle of the Qing dynasty.

bor

Chapei (alternative)
Cha-pei (alternative)

Shanghai Railroad station, West Tianmu Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai
The lady who's in charge of the money pot told me that most of the people who work in the toilets are paid about 1,200 RMB (€127) each month. It's less than the average wage in China (€200), but it's not bad.
The toilet is managed by Amenities Authority under Zhabei District (Shanghai) local government, so excluding maintenance costs, the rest of the money turns into government revenue."

2008 December 16, Xiaodong Du, “Shanghai's public toilets make pots of money”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2015-09-10:

(historical) A former district of Shanghai, China, now merged with Jing'an.


Hongkou

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 虹口 (Hóngkǒu, literally “Rainbow Mouth”), a variation of earlier 洪口 (Hóngkǒu, literally “Flood Mouth”).

There were also public mess halls in Shanghai, but they were mostly managed by the people. Under the disguise of "cultural revolution", some inhabitants' service establishments appeared in the districts around Chu's Family Bay. With the help of the old street inhabitants' committee, the one thousand odd households in Lungchang-li and Hungkou District were also organized and mess halls, factories, nurseries and spare-time middle-schools were set up. But they were not as progressive in scale and in nature as those in Peking and Tientsin.¹³

[1962, Shih Ch'eng-chih, “Types of Experimental Urban Communes”, in Urban Commune Experiments Communist China, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, published 1974, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 54:

On Tuesday, Netanyahu and his wife toured Shanghai’s Ohel Moshe synagogue in the Hongkou district that was home to many of the 18,000 Jews granted refuge in Shanghai from the horrors of Nazi persecution.

2013 May 7, “Netanyahu: Jewish people capable of own defense”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-25:


Xujiahui

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 徐家匯 /徐家汇 (Xújiāhuì, literally “Xu Family Confluence”) in reference to the prominence of the Xu family in the area during the Ming dynasty and the previous junction of several streams and canals in the area.

Hsu-chia-hui (alternative)
Zikawei (alternative)
Siccawei (alternative)
Ziccawei (alternative)

徐家匯 /徐家汇

Area of Xuhui District in Shanghai, China

The factory we went to see was out in the Hsuchiahui (Siccawei, in Shanghai dialect) district, and was called the Deaf and Mute Workers' Electrical Appliance Factory No. 2.

[1973, Rewi Alley, “Shanghai”, in 中国见闻 [Travels in China, 1966-71], Peking: New World Press, →OCLC, page 76:

Early on the morning of the eighteenth the Taipings occupied the historic town of Hsu-chia-hui, or Siccawei, just west of the port, where Jesuit missionaries had long before established an important Catholic community.

[1992, Caleb Carr, “"Not As Was Hoped, Dead..."”, in The Devil Soldier: The Story of Frederick Townsend Ward, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 126:

The company joined with a local electronics chain, Jiangsu Five Star Appliance, to open the store in the busy Xujiahui shopping district of Shanghai.

2006 December 26, “Best Buy opens first China outlet - Business - International Herald Tribune”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-04-14, International Business:

An area of Xuhui district, Shanghai, China, well-known for shopping and entertainment.

A subdistrict of Xuhui district, Shanghai, China, consisting of the central part of the larger neighborhood.


虹口

→ English: Hongkew, Hongkou

/xʊŋ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ²¹ hɐu̯³⁵/

/ɦoŋ²² kʰɤ⁴⁴/

/xʊŋ³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hʊŋ²¹ hɐu̯³⁵/

/ɦoŋ²² kʰɤ⁴⁴/

(～區) Hongkou (a district of Shanghai, China)

(～港) Hongkou Creek (a river in Shanghai, China)


梁山

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

Mount Liang (a mountain in Shandong, China)

Liangshan County (a county of Shandong, China)


梁山

Mount Liang (a mountain in Liangshan, Shandong, China)

Liangshan (a county of Jining, Shandong, China)


Changtang

Chang Tang (alternative)
Changthang (alternative)
Qangtang (alternative)

In elevation the lowest limit of Changtang may be reckoned about 13,800 feet, and the highest of Rong 14,300, the mean line of demarcation being 14,000 feet.

1853 November 22, H. Strachey, Physical Geography of Western Tibet, Royal Geographical Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 22:

Written by two American professors of anthropology on the basis of their scientific study and investigation in Qangtang area, Tibet, for 10 months from 1986 to 1988: description of the way of life of the Tibetan herdsmen and their economy and life before and after the peaceful liberation, especially their economic and religious life since the implementation of reform and opening in 1979, proving that Chinese government’s special policies and flexible measures are favourable for Tibet’s economic development.

[1994, Catalogue of Chinese Publications in Tibetan Studies (1949-1991), 1st edition, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 252, column 2:

Our path across the trackless Changtang was littered with the impressive skulls and horns of wild yaks slaughtered by the modern-day poachers of Tibet. Yielding close to a tonne of meat, it pays to shoot a wild yak — provided that you own a truck to take your kill to the closest village or town hundreds of miles away. Unfortunately, the number of truck-owning Tibetan and Chinese poachers in certain parts of the Changtang is increasing rapidly.

2002, Michel Peissel, Tibet: The Secret Continent, Thomas Dunne Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 33:

We had climbed, almost imperceptibly, on to the Changtang, the name for the northern part of the Tibetan plateau, one of the most remote and least known regions of the world, as well as being one of the highest. Remote and unknown to outsiders, that is: the Changtang is also home to about half a million nomadic herders, or drokba.

2005, Nick Middleton, Extremes Along the Silk Road: Adventures off the World's Oldest Superhighway, John Murray, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 131:

Observing Lake Yaniugol, rising high in the steppe, he writes: “It settled like a sacred host of jade upon the sand. It appeared to us at twilight, in the hollow of a ledge, flanked to the north by the sharp incisors of the Kunlun peaks soaring to 6,000 meters, and to the south by the Changtang. Behind this shimmering disk, the secret plateau.”

2021 December 3, Liesl Schillinger, quoting Sylvain Tesson, “Books That Satisfy Your Yearning for Far-Off Places”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-12-03, Travel:

A part of the high altitude Tibetan Plateau in western and northern Tibet extending into southeastern Ladakh, India.


上川島

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

Shangchuan Island (an island of Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


下川島

ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄉㄠˇ

ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄉㄠˇ

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː²² t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵/

Xiachuan Island (an island of Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


威海衛

ja-pos

威(い)海(かい)衛(えい) • (Ikaiei) ^(←ゐかいゑい (Wikaiwei)?)

威海衛 (canonical)
Ikaiei (romanization)
Wikaiwei (romanization)
ゐかいゑい (hiragana historical)

(historical) Weihaiwei (a concession in China)


Puxi

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 浦西 (Pǔxī, literally “West Bank”), derived from its position west of the Huangpu River.

bor

Shanghai's Puxi district, on the west bank of the Huangpu River, could become the focus for the city's financial community, like Central.
There are 10 areas within Puxi, the most famous of which is Huangpu. It accommodates the Bund, the traditional commercial hub of Shanghai.

1994 December 6, Richard Warren, “Territory 'model' for Shanghai”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-06-21:

Where just 20 years ago there were rice paddies, now stands the new and ultramodern Pudong financial district and its imposing office towers. On Puxi, across the river, is the Bund, a collection of stately Art Deco buildings from the 1920s and '30s that call to mind old parts of New York or London. Before the 1949 Communist revolution, the buildings housed the headquarters of international banks and trading companies.

2004 June 2, Alexandra A. Seno, “DOING BUSINESS : Shanghai seizes the gilded, glitzy day”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-02-10, Style:

An executive at a foreign bank in Shanghai, who declined to be identified, said his bank is on a hybrid working model, with some staff working and sleeping at a backup office in Puxi, in the western side of the city, while some others staying in a trading room in Pudong.

2022 March 29, “REFILE-In China's Wall Street, bankers and traders sleep in offices to beat Shanghai COVID lockdown”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-04-30, 公司新闻(英文):

The central area of Shanghai, China, particularly Huangpu District.


華坪

/xu̯ä³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/waː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/xu̯ä³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/waː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Huaping (a county of Lijiang, Yunnan, China)


信州

→ English: Xinzhou

/ɕin⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ɕin⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Xinzhou (a historical state in China; modern Chongqing)

(～區) Xinzhou (a district of Shangrao, Jiangxi, China)


Jixi

c. late 20th c., from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 雞西 /鸡西 (Jīxī).

Kisi (alternative)
Chi-hsi (alternative)

Heilungkiang. The commander of the garrison of Chihsi was reported to have ordered an armed attack on a Red Guard rally on May 14, a number of Red Guards being wounded and 1,000 arrested, whilst 11 people were reported on June 12 to have been killed in fighting between 20,000 Maoists and anti-Maoists at Kiamusze.

[1967, “The Wuhan Revolt and After”, in The Cultural Revolution in China: Its Origins and Course (Keesing's Research Report), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 50:

In Heilongjiang Province alone, 14 graphite deposits are reported, with 1 occurrence near Jixi City reportedly containing 300 Mmt of surface-minable material (31) and another large deposit located in the Heling area of Boli County.

1987, Catharine T. Fogg, Edward H. Boyle, Jr., “Major CPEC Flake Graphite Producers”, in Flake and High Crystalline Graphite Availability—Market Economy Countries: A Minerals Availability Appraisal, number 9122, Bureau of Mines, United States Department of the Interior, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 40, column 1:

The fire at the Xinghua mine in the city of Jixi was brought under control on Saturday, and 21 bodies were recovered at the mine, owned by the Heilongjiang Longmay Mining Holding Group, the official Xinhua News Agency said.

2015 November 21, “Fire in Coal Mine Kills at Least 21 in China”, in The New York Times, sourced from Associated Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-11-22, Asia Pacific, page A8:

A prefecture-level city of Heilongjiang, China.


Jixi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 績溪 /绩溪 (Jìxī).

A native of Chihsi hsien, Anhwei, Hu Shih was born in Shanghai.[…]Hu Shih and his mother returned to the family home in Chihsi in early 1895, but Hu Ch'uan remained in Taitung, where he was serving as prefectural magistrate and garrison commander, until summer.

[1968, “Hu Shih”, in Biographical Dictionary of Republican China, volume II, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 167:

Another Hu family, from Jixi County, sold tea; they were the ancestors of President Hu Jintao, whose father, while living in Jiangsu, tried to expand the tea business to Shanghai and Zhejiang, and exported tea leaves to Europe and the United States, wrote Lee Khoon Choy, a retired Singaporean journalist and politician, in a book, “Pioneers of Modern China.”

2012 March 29, Edward Wong, “In Rural China, Temples to Past Merchant Wealth Endure”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-03-30, Asia Pacific:


績溪

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪk̚⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪk̚⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Jixi (a county of Xuancheng, Anhui, China)


休寧

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/jɐu̯⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/jɐu̯⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Xiuning (a county of Huangshan, Anhui, China)


黟縣

/i⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/i⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Yi County (a county of Huangshan, Anhui, China)


旌德

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

(～縣) Jingde (a county of Xuancheng, Anhui, China)


浮梁

/fu³⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/fɐu̯²¹ lœːŋ²¹/

/fu³⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/fɐu̯²¹ lœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Fuliang (a county of Jingdezhen, Anhui, China)


五經富

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ kɪŋ⁵⁵ fuː³³/

/ŋou⁵²⁻³⁵ kẽ³³⁻²³ pʰou²¹³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

/ŋ̍¹³ kɪŋ⁵⁵ fuː³³/

/ŋou⁵²⁻³⁵ kẽ³³⁻²³ pʰou²¹³/

(～鎮) Wujingfu (a town in Jiexi, Jieyang, Guangdong, China)


阿合奇

/ˀä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/aː³³ hɐp̚² kʰei̯²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/aː³³ hɐp̚² kʰei̯²¹/

(～縣) Akqi (a county of Kizilsu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


布爾津

/pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ jiː¹³ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

/pu⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/pou̯³³ jiː¹³ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Burqin (a county of Altay prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


和布克賽爾

ㄏㄜˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙㄞˋ ㄦˇ

ㄏㄜˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄙㄞˋ ㄦˇ

/xɤ³⁵ pu⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ saɪ̯⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

蒙古自治縣 蒙古自治縣#Chinese

(～蒙古自治縣, ～縣) Hoboksar (an autonomous county of Tacheng prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


河姆渡

/xɤ³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ mou̯¹³ tou̯²²/

/xɤ³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ mou̯¹³ tou̯²²/

(～鎮) Hemudu (a town in Yuyao, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)


黔江

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰiːm²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰiːm²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Qianjiang (a district of Chongqing, China)

Qian River (a tributary of the Yu River in Guangxi autonomous region, China; part of the Xi River system)


烏達

(～區) Wuda District (a district of Wuhai, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


博湖

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/pɔːk̚³ wuː²¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/pɔːk̚³ wuː²¹/

(～縣) Bohu (a county of Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


魚峰

/jyː²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/jyː²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Yufeng (a district of Liuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


Nanling

According to The Paper, a news website, Mr. Liu was arrested early Friday at his home in Nanling County in the eastern province of Anhui.

2017 August 17, Amy Qin, “Chinese Novelist Is Arrested in 4 Murders From 2 Decades Ago”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-08-17, Asia Pacific:

The outbreak killed 80 of 459 hogs on a farm in Nanling county in Wuhu city, with the remaining 379 culled, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said on Thursday. The farm is 350 km (217 miles) directly west of Shanghai.

2018 August 30, Elias Glenn, Josephine Mason, “China reports fifth case of African swine fever”, in Mark Potter, Richard Pullin, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-02-24, World:


Yongding

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 永定 (Yǒngdìng).

It was never easy to get in or out of Chen Dong, in the rugged and mountainous southwestern corner of Yongding County in Fujian Province, near the border with Guangdong Province. For most of the 20th century, there were no paved roads in the area, so walking to the nearest town could take days.

2003 August 17, David W. Chen, “A China Odyssey Sheds Light on a Murky Past, and Hints at the Future”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2011-02-20, World:

Communal packed-earth buildings in China date back 6,000 years, but tulou took the style to a whole new level both in scale and sophistication. In 2008, Unesco recognised their importance and gave 46 buildings a World Heritage listing. Three clusters of tulou – Hongkeng, Gaobei and Chuxi – in Yongding district, near the border with Guangdong, account for 21 of them. However, the Lin elders tell me the listing has done little to help them, and tulou in various states of disrepair dot the countryside.

2017 October 17, “Inside Fujian’s Unesco-listed Hakka roundhouses: their history, architecture and why heritage status is mixed blessing”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-10-19, Travel & Leisure:

A district of Longyan, Fujian, China, formerly a county.

A government official in the Yongding district in Zhangjiajie, which oversees the suburban Xixiping neighbourhood, confirmed the blast but declined to give further details.

2008 July 2, Shipeng Guo, Benjamin Kang Lim, “China man blows up govt office and injures 12”, in Ben Tan, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-04-23, World News:

A district of Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China.


Gurbantünggüt

Gurbantunggut (alternative)
Gubantunggut (alternative misspelling)

The principal cities in the Junggar Basin are Urumqi, Shehezi, Ghulja, Karamay, Altay, and Changji, and the basin holds China's second largest desert, the Gurbantünggüt.

2010, Yalikun Tashi, Philippe C. Chamard, Marie-Françoise Courel, Tashpolat Tiyip, Yiliminuer Tuerxun, Sam Drake, “The Recent Evolution of the Oasis Environment in the Taklimakan Desert, China”, in Graciela Schneier-Madanes, Marie-Françoise Courel, editors, Water and Sustainability in Arid Regions: Bridging the Gap Between Physical and Social Sciences, Springer, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 52:

In the Gurbantünggüt desert (44° 11'–46° 20'N, 84° 31'–90° 00'E) of Xinjiang, a study of algal populations growing on the soil surface of a desert rangeland dominated by Haloxylon persicum and H. ammodendron identified 121 algal species that belong to 49 genera, 21 families, and 4 phyla or subkingdoms (Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Euglenophyta each including 83, 20, 11, and 7 species, respectively (Zhang et al. 2005).

2020, Grassland Ecosystems of China, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 447:

A desert that occupies a large part of the Junggar Basin in Northern Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


ᠴᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ

Qapqal (an autonomous county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)