Alaqagha

On 29 April 1996, a group of dozen armed men attacked the houses of Qavul Toqa, a member of the CPPCC National Committee and Deputy to the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region People's Congress at Qunas village of Alaqagha Township in Kuqa County.

2007, Mahesh Ranjan Debata, “Ethnic Separatism in Xinjiang”, in China's Minorities: Ethnic-religious Separatism in Xinjiang, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 168:

In a recent example that demonstrates both of these tendencies, Radio Free Asia reported on 20 May that in Alaqagha township near Aksu, authorities had violently suppressed a protest against the detention of women and schoolgirls for wearing the hijab or headscarves, killing up to four protestors.

2014 May 23, Michael Clarke, “Why is Xinjiang violence escalating?”, in BBC, archived from the original on 2014-05-23:

A Washington Post team was turned away at the one of several checkpoints around Elishku, as army trucks rumbled past, and was subsequently detained for several hours by informers, police and Communist Party officials for reporting from villages in the surrounding district of Shache county; the following day, the team was again detained in Alaqagha in Kuqa county, and ultimately deported from the region from the nearest airport.

2014 September 19, Simon Denyer, “China's war on terror becomes all-out attack on Islam in Xinjiang”, in Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-09-20, World:

While the Chinese state and international media were probing into the nuts and the bolts of terrorist onslaught on innocent, mostly elderly, citizens of Urumqi, in the same week suppression of civil rights demonstrations by peaceful Uyghur protesters at Alaqagha township in Aksu prefecture's Kucha county went almost unnoticed.

2018, Debasish Chaudhuri, Xinjiang and the Chinese State: Violence in the Reform Era, Routledge, →ISBN, →OCLC:

Uighur Muslim women visit a market in Alaqagha in western China's Xinjiang province in July.

2020 June 18, “China expressed strong opposition over US' Uighur Human Rights bill”, in The New Indian Express, archived from the original on 2020-06-18:

A town in Kuqa, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

(historical) A village in Alaqagha, Kuqa, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


獨山

/tu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～縣) Dushan County (a county of Qiannan prefecture, Guizhou, China)


Oytograk

Borrowed from Uyghur ئويتوغراق (oytoghraq).

...glaciation NE of Oytograk, today covered by star dunes, supplied the sands for the oldest dunes which had been active before (or during?)...Today, the star dunes at the southern margin near Qira and S of Oytograk have the oldest aeolian age according to granulometry, salinity and heavy-mineral content and in spite of their slight grain patina.

1995, Die Erde: Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin, volume 126, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 218–219:

The precaution line of 1999 has extended the trend to the northern part of the Keriya oasis, that is, the natural oasis has extended the desert in some degree，especially in the northern part of Karki village. The 1999 precaution line has a trend of local expansion in the southern part of Langan village, and this is in relation to irrigation and opening up wasteland. The 1999 precaution line is also expanding in Oytograk village in the eastern part of Keriya County and along the Keriya River, owing to the increase of the Keriya River’s flux.

2003, Tashpolat Tiyip, Liu Chuansheng, Ding Jianli, “Extracting precaution line of the arid area environmental changes using 3S techniques”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), →DOI:

Irrigation has expanded since 1949 with the increase in cultivated land. Agricultural water consumption increased from 300 million m³ in 1949 to more than 600 million m³ in 1980. Thus Figs. 4.9, 4.10, and 4.11 show cultivated areas increased since 1977 in Oytograk (circle1), in the south of the Keriya oasis (circles 2 and 3), and in Laysu (circle 9), and the extension of cultivated lands and the irrigation system contributed to a transformation of some desert areas into oasis.

2010, Yalikun Tashi, Philippe C. Chamard, Marie-Françoise Courel, Tashpolat Tiyip, Yiliminuer Tuerxun, Sam Drake, “The Recent Evolution of the Oasis Environment in the Taklimakan Desert, China”, in Water and Sustainability in Arid Regions, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 69:

A township in Yutian, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


Wenchang

Messrs. David and Oustalet state that its visits Southern China in the summer season; and Swinhoe procured it at Swatow, and says that it is supposed to breed in the Wenchang district, N.E. Hainan.

1886, H.E. Dresser, A Monograph of the Meropoidæ or the Family of Bee-eaters, →OCLC, page 58:

Entire administrative districts were ordered to adopt the same planting density, irrespective of the varying conditions within that district. Mencheong county authority in Kwangtung sent cadres to direct a collective to adopt a density known by the local peasants to be technically disastrous ( NFJP , June 26, 1956).

[1968, Kenneth R. Walker, “Organization for Agricultural Production”, in Economic Trends in Communist China, Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 421:

The highlight of the article is that the mass education measures used at Wenchang of Hainan Island were “teaching, criticism, debate, struggle, arrest and execution.” (Begin translation)
When this anti-revolutionary revisionist element Lin Li-ming returned to Hainan, he made his native place Wenchang the “key point county” of his work and designated the Chengchiao (Township Outskirts) Commune as the focus of that key point.

1978 June 4, L. Chen, “Has Peiping made changes?”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIX, number 22, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

Charlie Soong (1866-1918), also called Charles Jones Soon, was born Han Chiao-shun and was reared until he was nine in Wen-ch’ang, a port on the eastern coast of the island of Hainan.

[2002, “Soong”, in The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, volume 11, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 15, column 2:

On Tuesday, President Xi Jinping visited the launch site in Wenchang on the southern island of Hainan from which the Tianhe module was fired into orbit.

2022 April 16, “Chinese astronauts land after 6 months on space station”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-04-16:


Changde

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 常德 (Chángdé).

Ch'ang-te (alternative)
Changteh (alternative)

Changte commands over four Cities, as Changte, Taoyuen, Lungyang, Juenkiang.

[1669 [1665], John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, translation of original in Dutch, →OCLC, page 14:

Three other tourists from Zhangjiajie later traveled to the central city of Changde, taking a river cruise with dozens of other people. About 27 infections in at least six places have been linked to the boat ride.

2021 August 4, Sui-Lee Wee, Elsie Chen, “After Months as a Covid Success Story, China Tries to Tame Delta”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-08-04:

A prefecture-level city of Hunan, China.


هونق كونق

acw-proper noun

هونق كونق • (hōng kōng) f

[ho̞ːŋɡ ko̞ːŋɡ]

From English Hong Kong, from Cantonese 香港 (hoeng1 gong2, “Fragrant Harbor”).

Hong Kong (a city, island and special administrative region in southeastern China)


鴨緑江

ja-pos

鴨(おう)緑(りょく)江(こう) • (Ōryokukō) ^(←あふりよくかう (Afuryokukau)?)

鴨緑江 (canonical)
Ōryokukō (romanization)
Afuryokukau (romanization)
あふりよくかう (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːɾʲo̞kɯ̟ko̞ː]

From Chinese 鴨綠江 /鸭绿江 (Yālù Jiāng).
/apuryokukau/ > /oːryokkoː/
/apu/ → /afu/ → /au/ → /ɔː/ → /oː/

Yalu River (a river on the China-North Korea border)

阿利那礼河

阿利那礼河 アリナレがわ


斗門

/toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/tɐu̯³⁵ muːn²¹/

/toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mən³⁵/

/tɐu̯³⁵ muːn²¹/

(～區) Doumen (a district of Zhuhai, Guangdong, China)


惠陽

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/wɐi̯²² jœːŋ²¹/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/wɐi̯²² jœːŋ²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Huiyang (a district and former county of Huizhou, Guangdong, China)


Chengmai

Zhao Caisen was arrested on suspicion of causing the accident in Chengmai County on April 10, Xinhua said, citing a warrant issued by the prosecutor of Wenchang City.

2014 April 25, Koh Gui Qing, “China arrests driver in fatal school bus crash - Xinhua”, in Alison Williams, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-06-24, Autos & Transportation:


港英

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ jɪŋ⁵⁵/

/kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ³⁵ jɪŋ⁵⁵/

港英政府

港英時代

港英时代

(historical) British Hong Kong (a former British colony in 1843–1941 and 1945–1981 and then British Dependent Territory in 1981–1997 in modern southern China in the area of modern Hong Kong)


澳葡

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ pʰu³⁵/

/ou̯³³ pʰou̯²¹/

/ˀɑʊ̯⁵¹ pʰu³⁵/

/ou̯³³ pʰou̯²¹/

澳葡政府

(historical) Portuguese Macau (a former Portuguese colony in modern southern China between 1557 and 1999)


Mount Mogan

Partial calque from Mandarin 莫干山 (Mògān Shān).

In August 1982, in response to a Chinese request, the World Bank assembled at Moganshan (Mount Mogan, in Zhejiang province) leading specialists from Eastern Europe and elsewhere who had the theoretical perspective and practical experience to discuss overall problems in the reform of socialist systems.

2011, Ezra F. Vogel, “Accelerating Economic Growth and Opening, 1982–1989”, in Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 459:

FOLLOWING in the footsteps of foreign missionaries, Chinese gangsters and Chiang Kai-shek, I traveled to the mountain outpost of Moganshan looking for a breather from full-throttle Shanghai.

[2012 April 12, Justin Bergman, “A Lofty Retreat From Sweltering Shanghai”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-04-17, Travel:

She completed a 35km (21.7 miles) race on Mount Mogan, in eastern Zhejiang province on Sunday – the day after the Gansu tragedy – but now plans to stop trail running for the time being.

2021 May 29, Cheryl Heng, “Chinese ultramarathon deaths turn spotlight onto runners’ safety and leave some questioning their future in the sport”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-05-29, China:

A mountain in Deqing, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.


厚街

→ English: Houjie

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯¹³ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯¹³ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Houjie (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


吳陽

/ŋ̍²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/ŋ̍²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

(～鎮) Wuyang (a town in Wuchuan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China)


寧明

/niŋ³⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/nɪŋ²¹ mɪŋ²¹/

/niŋ³⁵ miŋ³⁵/

/nɪŋ²¹ mɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Ningming (a county of Chongzuo, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


蒙山

/mɤŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/mʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/mɤŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/mʊŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Mengshan (a county of Wuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


柳城

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/lɐu̯¹³ sɪŋ²¹/

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/lɐu̯¹³ sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Liucheng (a county of Liuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


梅菉

/meɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/muːi̯²¹ lʊk̚²/

/meɪ̯³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/muːi̯²¹ lʊk̚²/

(～街道) Meilu (a subdistrict of Wuchuan, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China)


柳江

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lɐu̯¹³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/li̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lɐu̯¹³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Liu River (a river in Guizhou and Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～區, formerly ～縣) Liujiang (a district and former county of Liuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


Lufeng

Lukfung (alternative)
Lu-feng (alternative)

zh-l

陸豐／陆丰 (Lùfēng)

Other speakers included (Chen Chun-keng), leaders of the Haifeng and Lufeng county CCP committees and representatives of the old revolutionary bases.

1978 November 24 [1978 November 23], “Kwangtung Holds Rally to Mark Anniversary of Soviet Regime”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 227, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Canton Kwangtung Provincial Service, translation of original in Mandarin, →ISSN, →OCLC, page H 2:

P’eng P’ai was able to return to Hai-feng county on the heels of the Eastern Expedition at the end of February 1925 and to revive his shattered movement there. Membership grew rapidly to a reported 70,000, with 12,000 in neighbouring Lu-feng county, but Ch’en Chiung-ming’s troops recovered these counties in the summer and again the movement was driven underground.

[1983, C. Martin Wilbur, “The Nationalist Revolution: from Canton to Nanking, 1923-28”, in John K. Fairbank, editor, The Cambridge History of China, volume 12, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 543–544:

It was the third day of tensions in Lufeng. Hundreds of villagers attacked government buildings, according to a statement by the municipal government of Shanwei region, which includes Lufeng.

2011 September 23, James Pomfret, Sisi Tang, Chris Buckley, Sabrina Mao, Sui-Lee Wee, “Hundreds protest in south China over land grab”, in Brian Rhoads, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-11, World News:

A county-level city of Shanwei, Guangdong, China.


Lufeng

Translingual: Lufengosaurus

Hsinhua said that the almost complete lower jawbone, two other fossilized jawbones and more than 40 fossilized teeth from ancient apes were found in coal seams in Lufeng county in the southwest province of Yunnan.

1977 April 18, “China Says Bone Find Is New Link to Man”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-03-08, page 18:

The Chuhsiung Autonomous Prefecture of Yi nationality [I-tsu] in Yunnan Province has made steady progress in developing industry since it was set up in 1958.[…]A farm tool workshop in Lufeng county is now able to turn out five-ton carts, cranes, sand sifters, water pipes, cement mixers and tractor parts. At the start it could only produce spades and sickles.

1978 June 23 [1978 May 13], “Yunnan Prefecture's, Industry”, in Translations on People's Republic of China, number 435, United States Joint Publications Research Service, sourced from Peking NCNA, →OCLC, pages 67–68:

A county-level city of Chuxiong, Yunnan, China, formerly a county.


武侯

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯³⁵/

/mou̯¹³ hɐu̯²¹/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯³⁵/

/mou̯¹³ hɐu̯²¹/

(～區) Wuhou District (a district of Chengdu, Sichuan, China)


雲城

From clipping of 雲浮 /云浮 (Yúnfú) + 城 (chéng, “city”).

/yn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wɐn²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/yn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wɐn²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Yuncheng (a district of Yunfu, Guangdong, China)

(～街道) Yuncheng (a subdistrict of Yuncheng district, Yunfu, Guangdong, China)


棉城

/mi̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/mi̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Miancheng (a former town in Chaoyang district, Shantou, Guangdong, China)


嘉禾

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ wɔː²¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ wɔː²¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ho²⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hɤ²³/

(～縣) Jiahe (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


遼北

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(historical) (～省) Liaobei (a former province of China)

(～街道) Liaobei (a subdistrict of Shuangliao, Siping, Jilin, China)


哈拉峻

/xä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

/xä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵¹/

(～鄉) Karajül, Halajun (a township in Artux, Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


臺城

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ sɛːŋ²¹/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/hᵘɔi²² siaŋ²²/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ sɛːŋ²¹/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/hᵘɔi²² siaŋ²²/

There are extremely few dialects that pronounce the third group as stops, and example characters are very few in number; Jiujiang, Nanhai and Doumen Town each have eight examples, and Kaiping 1, Taicheng 2, and Heshan each only have one example.

2006, 余靄芹 (Anne Oi-kan Yue-Hashimoto), 粵音構擬之二：聲母, in 《山高水長：丁邦新先生七秩壽慶論文集》, page 104

Dì-sān zǔ dú sèyīn de fāngyán jíshǎo, lìzì yì liáoliáowújǐ; Nánhǎi Jiǔjiāng hé Dǒumén Zhèn gè yǒu bā ge lìzì, ér Kāipíng 1, Táichéng 2 jí Hèshān zhǐ gè yī gūlì.

第三組讀塞音的方言極少，例字亦寥寥無幾；南海九江和斗門鎮各有八個例字，而開平1、臺城2及鶴山只各一孤例。

第三组读塞音的方言极少，例字亦寥寥无几；南海九江和斗门镇各有八个例字，而开平1、台城2及鹤山只各一孤例。

Sun Ning Railway broke ground and started construction in 1906, and until the entire route had service in March 1920, the construction lasted 14 years, building a railroad that is 138.101 km long. The main line ran from Doushan Town, Taishan to Beijie, Jiangmen, and the branch line ran from Taicheng to Baisha in Taishan; a total of 37 stations were installed in the main line.

2014, 黃安年, 《道釘，不再沉默：建設北美鐵路的華工》, page 136

Xīnníng Tiělù cóng 1906 nián de pòtǔ dònggōng, zhì 1920 nián 3-yuè quánxiàn tōngchē, lìshí 14 nián, jiànchéng tiělù cháng 138.101 gōnglǐ, gànxiàn cóng Táishān de Dǒushān Zhèn zhì Jiāngmén Běijiē, zhīxiàn cóng Táishān de Táichéng zhì Báishā, gànxiàn gòng shè chēzhàn 37 ge.

新寧鐵路從1906年的破土動工，至1920年3月全線通車，歷時14年，建成鐵路長138.101公里，幹線從臺山的斗山鎮至江門北街，支線從臺山的臺城至白沙，幹線共設車站37個。

新宁铁路从1906年的破土动工，至1920年3月全线通车，历时14年，建成铁路长138.101公里，干线从台山的斗山镇至江门北街，支线从台山的台城至白沙，干线共设车站37个。

(～街道) Taicheng (a subdistrict of Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


茶陵

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

Chaling (a county of Zhuzhou, Hunan, China)


尋烏

/t͡sʰɐm²¹ wuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐm²¹ wuː⁵⁵/

(～縣) Xunwu (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


무한

Wuhan (the provincial capital of Hubei, China)


二七

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/

Named after 二七大罷工 (Èr-Qī Dàbàgōng), a major general strike orchestrated by Beijing–Hankou Railway Federation of Trade Unions that ended up in bloody suppression.

(～區) Erqi (a district of Zhengzhou, Henan, China)


潯江

/ɕyn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐm²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕyn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐm²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/


右江

/joʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐu̯²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/joʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɐu̯²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Youjiang (a district of Baise, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


左江

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/


Mulan

en-proper-noun

Mulan (countable and uncountable, plural Mulans)

Mulans (plural)
Mu-lan (alternative)
Mu-Lan (alternative)
Mu Lan (alternative)

From Mandarin 木蘭／木兰 (Mùlán, literally “magnolia”).

Vice Chairman (Lin Chun-pu) of the Mulan County Revolutionary Committee, Vice Chairman (Li Te-tung) of the revolutionary committee of a commune in Payen County[…]also spoke. They related their experience in grasping revolution to stimulate production, as well as in pushing up a high tide in spring farming.

1969 February 13 [1969 February 12], “Harbin Mobilization Rally Hails Mao's Line”, in Daily Report: Communist China, volume I, number 30, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Harbin Heilungkiang Provincial Service, translation of original in Mandarin, →OCLC, Communist China: Northeast Region, page G 1:

Not only were the Korean Communists numerous, but their influence extended over a wide territory ranging from Chientao in the southeast to Ilan and Mulan in the southern part of Heilungkiang Province, where the Koreans had formed communities of their own.

1983, Chong-Sik Lee, Revolutionary Struggle in Manchuria: Chinese Communism and Soviet Interest, 1922-1945, University of California Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 222:

We had no idea how long this period of “re-education” might last. We were to present ourselves within ten days to local officials in Mulan county, about four hours by road from Harbin.

1992, Zhimei Zhang, Foxspirit: A Woman in Mao's China, Quebec: Vehicule Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 168:

A county of Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.

A township in Huangpi district, Hubei, China.

THE FOLLOWING TEXT commemorates the reconstruction and expansion of the main temple of a local cult in Putian District, Fujian Province, located on China’s southeast coast. The god, known by the time the inscription was composed in 1138 as the Duke of Manifest Kindness (Xianhui hou), was the proprietary deity of a prominent local kin group, the Fang of Baidu, a small village which lay about three miles east of Putian city in the hills edging the fertile flood plain of the Mulan River. Like many prominent kin groups of the area, the Fang had abandoned their original homes, which had been in the hinterland behind Hangzhou, and settled in Putian in the late 800s, a time of widespread unrest that accompanied the fall of the Tang dynasty (618-907).

2005, “Fang Lüe, "Inscription for the Temple of Auspicious Response"”, in Victor H. Mair, Nancy S. Steinhardt, Paul R. Goldin, editors, Hawaiʻi Reader in Traditional Chinese Culture, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 392:

Any of several places in China:
A river in Fujian, China.


Kizilsu

Borrowed from Kyrgyz كىزىلسۋ / Кызылсуу (Kızılsuu, “red water”). Uyghur قىزىلسۇ (qizilsu).

bor

Kyrgyz كىزىلسۋ

On August 21, the Southern Xinjiang Administrative Office was established at Kazgar, with jurisdiction over the Aksu, Kazgar, Xiache, and Hetian Special Districts and the newly established Kizilsu A.Z. and Tash Kurghan A.X.

1979, Donald H. McMillen, Chinese Communist Power and Policy in Xinjiang, 1949-1977, Westview Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 45:

The Kirgizs. This nationality has a population of 113,999, of which about 80 per cent live in close communities in the Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in the southwestern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

1985, 《中国手册》编辑委员会 [China Handbook Editorial Committee], translated by Chen Zhucai, 社会生活 [Life and Lifestyles] (《中国手册》 [China Handbook Series]), Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 61:

Xinjiang provincial television said in a broadcast from Urumqi, the regional capital, that a revolt by a "small number of ruffians" was put down in the town of Baren in the Kizilsu Kirghiz autonomous prefecture on April 5 and 6.

1990 April 23, “Beijing Reports 22 Deaths In Revolt in Western Region”, in New York Times:

The semi-nomadic Kyrgyz are spread throughout western and southern Xinjiang, but there is a significant concentration in the Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture, set in the foothills of the Tianshan range which separates them from their kin in the former Soviet republic of Kyrgyzstan. Most Kyrgyz are herdsmen, tending flocks of sheep and camels and, like the Kazakhs, they moved their animals across the mountains according to the season until the Sino-Soviet dispute closed the border. Their language and customs are closely related to those of their Kazakh neighbours.

1996, Michael Dillon, China's Muslims, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 10:

An awkward silence persisted in the corridor of level six of the Artux People’s Hospital in Kizilsu Prefecture until at last the lone woman in the group finally spoke.

2016, Alex Ryan, Beijing Red, Crooked Lane Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 45:

A Kirgiz autonomous prefecture in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

Aksu

Other geographical terms with the -su (water/river) suffix

Kiziloy

Other geographical terms with the word 'kizil' (red)


賀江

/xɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔː²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔː²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

He River (a river in Guangxi and Guangdong, China)


鬱江

/y⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɐt̚⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/y⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɐt̚⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Yu River (a river in the Guangxi autonomous region, China)

Yu River (a river in Chongqing and Hebei, China)


北盤江

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ pʰuːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ pʰuːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Beipan River (a river in Yunnan and Guizhou, China)


南盤江

Наньпаньцзян

/nän³⁵ pʰän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ pʰuːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ pʰän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/naːm²¹ pʰuːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Nanpan River (a river in Yunnan and Guizhou, China)


秀篆

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/

/sɐu̯³³ syːn²²/

/ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/

/sɐu̯³³ syːn²²/

(～鎮) Xiuzhuan (a town in Zhao'an, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)


کٔشیٖر

kạśīr (romanization)
कऺशीर (Devanagari)
کَشیٖر (alternative)

From Classical Sanskrit कश्मीर (kaśmīra), contraction of either कश्यपमीर (kaśyapamīra, “lake of Kashyap”) or कश्यपमेरु (kaśyapameru, “mountain of Kashyap”).

Kashmir (a contested geographic region of South Asia in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, located between (and de facto divided between) India, Pakistan and China)


官陂

/ku̯än⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Guanbei (a town in Zhao'an, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)


四都

(～鎮) Sidu (a town in Zhao'an, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Sidu (a town in Jiangshan, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～鎮) Sidu (a town in Changting, Longyan, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Sidu (a town in Guidong, Chenzhou, Hunan, China)

(～鎮) Sidu (a town in Longchuan, Heyuan, Guangdong, China)


吉木薩爾

ㄐㄧˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄙㄚˋ ㄦˇ

ㄐㄧˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄙㄚˋ ㄦˇ

/t͡ɕi³⁵ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ mʊk̚² saːt̚³ jiː¹³/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ mu⁵¹⁻⁵³ sä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ mʊk̚² saːt̚³ jiː¹³/

(～縣) Jimsar (a county of Changji Prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Jimsar (a town in Jimsar county, Changji Prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


那坡

/nä⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/naː¹³ pɔː⁵⁵/

/nä⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/naː¹³ pɔː⁵⁵/

那 (nà) is from Zhuang naz (“paddy field”).

(～縣) Napo (a county of Baise, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


巴馬

/pä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/pä⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ maː¹³/

巴 (bā) is from Zhuang bya (“hill; mountain”).

瑤族自治縣 瑤族自治縣#Chinese

(～瑤族自治縣, ～縣) Bama (an autonomous county of Hechi, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


防城

/fɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/fɔːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/fɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/fɔːŋ²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Fangcheng (a district of Fangchenggang, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Fangcheng (a former town in Fangcheng district, Fangchenggang, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～縣) (historical) Fangcheng (a former county of Guangdong, China, corresponding to the modern prefecture-level city of Fangchenggang, Guangxi, sans Shangsi county)


十萬大山

ㄕˊ ㄨㄢˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄕㄢ

ㄕˊ ㄨㄢˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄕㄢ

Шивань Дашань

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² maːn²² taːi̯²² saːn⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ wän⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² maːn²² taːi̯²² saːn⁵⁵/

Shiwan Mountain (a mountain range in southern Guangxi autonomous region, China)


Chufou

Chufou.—Ninety miles south of Tsinanfu on the Tientsin-Pukow Railway is Chufou, the place where Confucius lived and is buried. When the railway was being constructed a few years ago, the Duke of Kung, a lineal descendant of Confucius, objected to the defilement of the sacred place by such a barbarous thing as a foreign railway and so was able to keep it out of Chufou, where he is very influential. It is therefore necessary for the visitor to ride five miles in a Chinese cart or wheelbarrow from the railway station. The fact that the Duke is now a wiser man and regrets that the road does not touch his city does not make the-ride any shorter.
The principal point of interest at Chufou is the great cemetery, covering about 600 acres and containing the bone 3 of the Confucian clan in all its branches for 2500 years.

1921, Carl Crow, The Travelers' Handbook for China (including Hongkong), 3rd edition, Dodd, Mead & Co., →OCLC, page 277:

He died in Chufou, Shantung, in 479 B.C., having established himself as the most important teacher in Chinese culture

1990 [1982], Josh McDowell, “Confucianism”, in Bill Wilson, editor, The Best of Josh McDowell: A Ready Defense: Over 60 Vital "Lines of Defense" for Christianity, Here's Life Publishers, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 285:

He died in Chufou, Shantung, in 479 BC, having established himself as the most important teacher in Chinese culture.

2008, Josh McDowell, “Confucianism”, in Scott Dawson, editor, The Complete Evangelism Guidebook: Expert Advice on Reaching Others for Christ, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 222:

Synonym of Qufu: A county-level city of Jining, Shandong, China.


大良

/tä⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² lœːŋ²¹/

/tä⁵¹ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/taːi̯²² lœːŋ²¹/

大良炒鮮奶

大良炒鲜奶

(～街道) Daliang (a subdistrict of Shunde district, Foshan, Guangdong, China)


乳源

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

瑤族自治縣 瑤族自治縣#Chinese

(～瑤族自治縣) Ruyuan (an autonomous county of Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)


潮南

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ nän³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ naːm²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ nän³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯²¹ naːm²¹/

(～區) Chaonan (a district of Shantou, Guangdong, China)


雲安

/yn³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/wɐn²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/yn³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/wɐn²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Yun'an (a district of Yunfu, Guangdong, China)


端州

/tu̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tyːn⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tu̯än⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tyːn⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～區) Duanzhou (a district of Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China)


海康

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) (historical) Haikang (a former county of Guangdong, China; now Leizhou)


昌江

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

黎族自治縣 黎族自治縣#Chinese

(～黎族自治縣, ～縣) Changjiang (an autonomous county of Hainan, China)

(～區) Changjiang (a district of Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China)


樂東

/lɤ⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lɔːk̚² tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lɤ⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lɔːk̚² tʊŋ⁵⁵/

黎族自治縣 黎族自治縣#Chinese

(～黎族自治縣, ～縣) Ledong (an autonomous county of Hainan, China)


陵水

/liŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/liŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɪŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

黎族自治縣 黎族自治縣#Chinese

(～黎族自治縣, ～縣) Lingshui (an autonomous county of Hainan, China)


保亭

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ tʰɪŋ²¹/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ tʰɪŋ²¹/

黎族苗族自治縣 黎族苗族自治縣#Chinese

(～黎族苗族自治縣, ～縣) Baoting (a Li and Miao autonomous county in Hainan, China)


瓊中

/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰɪŋ²¹ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

黎族苗族自治縣 黎族苗族自治縣#Chinese

(～黎族苗族自治縣, ～縣) Qiongzhong (an autonomous county of Hainan, China)


觀瀾

/ku̯än⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ län³⁵/

Guanlan (a subdistrict of Longhua district, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China)


浦北

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰou̯³⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰou̯³⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

(～縣) Pubei (a county of Qinzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


田林

/tʰiːn²¹ lɐm²¹/

/tʰiːn²¹ lɐm²¹/

(～縣) Tianlin (a county of Baise, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


天峨

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀɤ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ŋɔː²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ˀɤ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ ŋɔː²¹/

(～縣) Tian'e (a county of Baise, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


昭平

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Zhaoping (a county of Hezhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


鹿寨

/lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² t͡saːi̯²²/

/lu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/

/lʊk̚² t͡saːi̯²²/

(～縣) Luzhai (a county of Liuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


忻城

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Xincheng (a county of Laibin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


象州

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Xiangzhou (a county of Laibin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


靈川

/liŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰœŋ⁵³³/

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/liŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/lɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰœŋ⁵³³/

/lɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

(～縣) Lingchuan (a county of Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Lingchuan (a town, the county town of Lingchuan, Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Lingchuan (a town in Chengxiang district, Putian, Fujian, China)


平樂

/pʰiŋ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ lɔːk̚²/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ lɔːk̚²/

(～縣) Pingle (a county of Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


Mount Putuo

Partial calque of Mandarin 普陀山 (Pǔtuó Shān).

partial calque

Mount Wutai is really a cluster of five huge summits ranging in altitude up to 10,000 feet that is breached only by a few dirt roads twisting over the windswept passes of northern Shanxi. It is the most revered of the four mountains sacred to Chinese Buddhists, more than Mount Emei in Sichuan, Mount Putuo in Zhejiang or Mount Jihua in Anhui.

1984 October 16, Christopher S. Wren, “TO BE LEFT ALONE, CHINA'S BUDDISTS OPEN A DOOR”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, World:

Hong Kong’s Greater Bay Airlines has launched flights to Zhoushan, a mainland Chinese city known for its Buddhist pilgrimage site of Mount Putuo, adding a new route that will soon be followed by three others, even as it recently cut a flight to Haikou that began in late July.

2024 November 12, Emily Hung, “Hong Kong’s Greater Bay Airlines launches new route to Zhoushan, site of sacred Mount Putuo”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2025-02-08, Hong Kong economy:

An island of Putuo district, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China.


東蘭

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ län³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ laːn²¹/

(～縣) Donglan (a county of Hechi, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


大新

/tä⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɐn⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² sɐn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Daxin (a county of Chongzuo, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


天等

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tɐŋ³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tɐŋ³⁵/

(～縣) Tiandeng (a county of Chongzuo, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


武宣

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕy̯ɛn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Wuxuan (a county of Laibin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


邕寧

/jʊŋ⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/jʊŋ⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/jʊŋ⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/jʊŋ⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Yongning (a district and former county of Nanning, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


融水

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jʊŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/ʐʊŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jʊŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

苗族自治縣 苗族自治縣#Chinese

(～苗族自治縣, ～縣) Rongshui (an autonomous county of Liuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


剝隘

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/mɔːk̚⁵ aːi̯³³/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/

/mɔːk̚⁵ aːi̯³³/

(～鎮) Bo'ai (a town in Funing, Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan, China)


硯山

/jɛn⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/jɛn⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yanshan (a county of Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan, China)


麻栗坡

/mä³⁵ li⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/maː²¹ lɵt̚² pɔː⁵⁵/

/mä³⁵ li⁵¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/maː²¹ lɵt̚² pɔː⁵⁵/

(～縣) Malipo (a county of Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan, China)


富寧

/fuː³³ nɪŋ²¹/

/fuː³³ nɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Funing (a county of Wenshan prefecture, Yunnan, China)


龍勝

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ sɪŋ³³/

/lʊŋ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/lʊŋ²¹ sɪŋ³³/

各族自治縣 各族自治縣#Chinese

(～各族自治縣, ～縣) Longsheng (an autonomous county of Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


恭城

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

瑤族自治縣 瑤族自治縣#Chinese

(～瑤族自治縣, ～縣) Gongcheng (an autonomous county of Guilin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


隆林

/lʊŋ³⁵ lin³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ lɐm²¹/

/lʊŋ³⁵ lin³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ lɐm²¹/

各族自治縣 各族自治縣#Chinese

(～各族自治縣, ～縣) Longlin (an autonomous county of Baise, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


金秀

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sɐu̯³³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/kɐm⁵⁵ sɐu̯³³/

瑤族自治縣 瑤族自治縣#Chinese

(～瑤族自治縣, ～縣) Jinxiu (an autonomous county of Laibin, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


都安

/tu⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/tou̯⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/tu⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/tou̯⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

瑤族自治縣 瑤族自治縣#Chinese

(～瑤族自治縣, ～縣) Du'an (an autonomous county of Hechi, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


大化

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² faː³³/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² faː³³/

瑤族自治縣 瑤族自治縣#Chinese

(～瑤族自治縣, ～縣) Dahua (an autonomous county of Hechi, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


雙流

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Shuangliu (a district and former county of Chengdu, Sichuan, China)


廉州

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/liːm²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/liːm²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Lianzhou (a town in Hepu, Beihai, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～府) (historical) Lianzhou (a former imperial-era commandery of Guangdong, China)


崖縣

/jä³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jaɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ŋaːi̯²¹ jyːn²²/

/jä³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jaɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/ŋaːi̯²¹ jyːn²²/

Yaxian (a former county of Guangdong, China; now Sanya)


阿克陶

→ English: Aketao

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/aː³³ hɐk̚⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ kʰɤ⁵¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/aː³³ hɐk̚⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

(～縣) Akto, Aketao (a county of Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Akto

In 1990 a fight between armed locals and the police and military flared up in Baren, in Akto, near Kashgar, in which at least 22 people were killed, of whom six were members of the security forces; some sources say the locals had intended to initiate an armed uprising.

1992, “Xinjiang: Unquiet Spring”, in Tibet Information Network (Background Papers on Tibet), page 51:

In April 1990 a group of Kyrgyz started a riot at Baren in Akto county, which led to exchanges of fire and a number of deaths.

1994, Peter Fedinand, editor, The New States of Central Asia and their Neighbours, Council on Foreign Relations Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 100:

The Akto region is a part of China that has been rocked with conflict. In April 1990 an “armed counter revolutionary rebellion” occurred in Baren Township of Akto County. “There were over twenty deaths, mainly of members of Islamic minorities. Later in 1990...fifty mosques were closed down and the construction of 153 others was halted.”

2000, Paul Hattaway, Operation China: Introducing all the Pooples of China, Piquant, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 31:

This was a boon for the PRC as there had been increasingly violent incidents in Xinjiang since the 1990 Baren Incident in Akto county, which borders Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.

2019, Tak-ling Terry Woo, “Religion and Politics in the People's Republic of China: An Appraisal of Continuing Mistrust and Misunderstanding”, in Roy C. Amore, editor, Religion and Politics: New Developments Worldwide, MDPI, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 88:

The East Turkistan Government in Exile and the overwhelming majority of East Turkistanis across our global diaspora commemorated the 30th Anniversary of the Baren Revolution, also known as the Baren Uprising, or the Baren Massacre, which erupted on April 5, 1990 in East Turkistan's Akto County.

2020 April 5, “30th Anniversary of the Baren Revolution”, in The Voice of East Turkistan, volume 1, number 3, page 17:

A county of Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


雙水

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Shuangshui (a town in Xinhui district, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


沖蔞

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ lɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵŋ³³ leu³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ lɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɵŋ³³ leu³³/

(～鎮) Chonglou (a town in Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


司前

/sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹/

/sz̩⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹/

(～鎮) Siqian (a town in Xinhui district, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Siqian (a town in Shixing, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)


Shaoguan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 韶關 /韶关 (Sháoguān).

Shaokuan (alternative)
Shao-kuan (alternative)

The transfers began in the early 2000s, and by the first half of 2009, nearly 100,000 Uyghur workers had been sent east under this programme. Several hundred of them were working from May 2009 in the Xuri Toy Factory in Shaoguan, Guangdong, a facility that made toys for Hasboro, Mattel and other international companies.

2007, James A. Millward, Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang, London: Hurst & Company, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 368:

The region has been simmering since a factory brawl in the southern Chinese city Shaoguan last month that killed two Uighurs.

2009 July 7, Disha Uppal, “Tension Remains High in Xinjiang”, in Anne Thomas, editor, Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2024-01-28:

A prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China.


會城

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wuːi̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

/vᵘɔi³² siaŋ²²/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wuːi̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

/vᵘɔi³² siaŋ²²/

(～街道) Huicheng (a subdistrict of Xinhui district, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


崇安

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/sʊŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/sʊŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

(～街道) Chong'an (a subdistrict of Wuyishan, Nanping, Fujian, China)

(～縣) (historical) Chong'an (a former county of Fujian, China; modern Wuyishan)


龍陵

/lʊŋ³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

/lʊŋ³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Longling (a county of Baoshan, Yunnan, China)


呈貢

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ kʊŋ³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ kʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ²¹ kʊŋ³³/

(～區) Chengggong (a district of Kunming, Yunnan, China)


名山

/miŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/miŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/mɪŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Mingshan (a district and former county of Ya'an, Sichuan, China)


蜀道

/ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

The road to Shuh is more difficult to climb than to climb the steep blue heaven.

c. early 8th century, Li Bai (李白), 《蜀道難》. Translated into the English as The Steep Road to Shuh by Shigeyoshi Obata (小畑薫良), 1922.

蜀道之難，難於上青天！

蜀道之难，难于上青天！

Shudao (a system of mountain roads linking the Chinese province of Shaanxi with Sichuan)


回疆

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wuːi̯²¹ kœːŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wuːi̯²¹ kœːŋ⁵⁵/

(historical) Altishahr, Kashgaria (an area roughly corresponding to the modern-day Tarim Basin in Xinjiang autonomous region)


鎮前

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ t͡sʰiːn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sɐn³³ t͡sʰiːn²¹/

(～鎮) Zhenqian (a town in Zhenghe, Nanping, Fujian, China)


迪口

/ti³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɪk̚² hɐu̯³⁵/

/ti³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɪk̚² hɐu̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Dikou (a town in Jian'ou, Nanping, Fujian, China)


石陂

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² pei̯⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/sɛːk̚² pei̯⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Shibei (a town in Pucheng, Nanping, Fujian, China)


周浦

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Zhoupu (a town in Pudong district, Shanghai, China)


黃巖

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ ŋaːm²¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ ŋaːm²¹/

(～區) Huangyan (a district of Taizhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～市) Huangyan (a former county-level city of Taizhou, Zhejiang, China)


龍湖

/lʊŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ wuː²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ou⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ wuː²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ou⁵⁵/

(～區) Longhu (a district of Shantou, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Longhu (a town in Jinjiang, Quanzhou, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Longhu (a town in Nancheng, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China)

(～鎮) Longhu (a town in Xinzheng, Zhengzhou, Henan, China)

(～鎮) Longhu (a town in Chao'an district, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Longhu (a town in Wanxiu district, Wuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Longhu (a town in Ding'an, Hainan, China)


Jinjiang

/d͡ʒɪnˈd͡ʒ(i)æŋ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 晉江 /晋江 (Jìnjiāng, “Jin River”).

Chin-chiang (alternative)
Chinchiang (alternative)
Tsinkiang (alternative dated)

Jinhua and others are spending big to get there. In Jinjiang, a city in Fujian Province once known as a shoe-manufacturing center, Jinhua’s new factory is almost finished. Rising five stories and stretching several football fields long, the structure boasts 100,000 square feet of new office space.

2018 June 22, Paul Mozur, “Inside a Heist of American Chip Designs, as China Bids for Tech Power”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-06-22, Technology:

The Taiwanese-controlled island of Kinmen located just off the Chinese coast has begun importing water from its neighbor via a pipeline despite heightened tensions between Beijing and Taipei.
Water from Jinjiang in China’s Fujian province began flowing through the 16-kilometer (10-mile)-long pipeline Sunday under a 30-year contract.

2018 August 6, “Taiwan’s Kinmen island begins importing water from China”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2023-03-07:

Social media video showed eletrical power lines sparking and bursting into flames as winds thrashed Jinjiang, a city of two million, while in Quanzhou massive trees were uprooted and left in the middle of roads.

2023 July 28, Bernard Orr, Yimou Lee, “Typhoon Doksuri destroys power lines, closes factories as it rips into China”, in Michael Perry, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-07-28, Asia Pacific:

A county-level city of Quanzhou, Fujian, China.


東寧

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Dongning (a county-level city and former county of Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China)


臺山

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

2009, 顧鴻燾, 《風雨七十載——顧鴻燾回憶錄》, page 150

Méi guò jǐ tiān, yòu suí Hán zǒng, Yú zǒng qù Táishān liánjì jìnchǎng wèntí, Táishān shì ge qiáoxiāng, xiànjíshì, yǒu bùshǎo hǎo de jiànzhù, shìmiàn bùsuàn fánhuá dàn hái suàn xīngwàng.

沒過幾天，又隨韓總、余總去臺山聯繫進場問題，臺山是個僑鄉、縣級市，有不少好的建築，市面不算繁華但還算興旺。

2009, 顧鴻燾, 《風雨七十載——顧鴻燾回憶錄》, page 150

没过几天，又随韩总、余总去台山联系进场问题，台山是个侨乡、县级市，有不少好的建筑，市面不算繁华但还算兴旺。

2014, 高關中, 《寫在旅居歐洲時——三十位歐華作家的生命歷程》, page 44

Tā de fùqīn Zhū Shìjū, jíguàn Guǎngdōng Táishān, suí jūn qīnlì le Zhōngguó shōufù Táiwān de lìshǐ.

他的父親朱士駒，籍貫廣東臺山，隨軍親歷了中國收復臺灣的歷史。

他的父亲朱士驹，籍贯广东台山，随军亲历了中国收复台湾的历史。

2014, 黃一農, 《兩頭蛇——明末清初的第一代天主教徒》, page 11

Wèiyú jīn Táishān Shì xīnán fāng de hǎiyù, shì Guǎngdōng Shěng yánhǎi zuì dà de dǎoyǔ.

位於今臺山市西南方的海域，是廣東省沿海最大的島嶼。

2014, 黃一農, 《兩頭蛇——明末清初的第一代天主教徒》, page 11

位于今台山市西南方的海域，是广东省沿海最大的岛屿。

(～市, formerly ～縣) Taishan, Toisan, Toishan, Hoisan (a county-level city and former county of Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)

(～列島) Taishan (an archipelago of Shacheng, Fuding, Ningde, Fujian, China)

(～村) Taishan (a village in Shacheng, Fuding, Ningde, Fujian, China)


Wuzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 梧州 (Wúzhōu).

Wuchow (alternative)
Wu-chou (alternative)
Wuchou (alternative)

The aircraft, with 123 passengers and nine crew on board, lost contact over the city of Wuzhou, China's Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) and the airline said.[...]Online weather data showed partly cloudy conditions with good visibility in Wuzhou at the time of the crash.

2022 March 21, “Chinese Boeing jet crashes in mountains with 132 on board, no sign of survivors”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-03-21:

A prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China.


شەرقىي تۈركىستان

head

شەرقىي تۈركىستان • (sherqiy türkistan)

East Turkestan
East Turkestan#English:_Q840601

East Turkestan (a geographic region in northwestern China; in modern usage, a synonym of Xinjiang used by the East Turkestan independence movement)


Шығыс Түркістан

Шығыс Түркістан • (Şyğys Türkıstan)

Kazakh alphabets#Arabic script
Kazakh alphabets#Cyrillic script
Kazakh alphabets#Latin script


Восточный Туркестан

ru-proper noun+

Восто́чный Туркеста́н

Восто́чный Туркеста́н • (Vostóčnyj Turkestán) m inan (genitive Восто́чный Туркеста́на)

Восто́чный Туркеста́н (canonical)
Vostóčnyj Turkestán (romanization)
Восто́чный Туркеста́на (genitive)
Восто́чный Туркеста́н (nominative singular)
Восто́чный Туркеста́на (genitive singular)
Восто́чный Туркеста́ну (dative singular)
Восто́чный Туркеста́н (accusative singular)
Восто́чный Туркеста́ном (instrumental singular)
Восто́чный Туркеста́не (prepositional singular)


恰爾隆

ㄑㄧㄚˋ ㄦˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ

ㄑㄧㄚˋ ㄦˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ

/t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

From چارلۇڭ.

(～鄉) Qarlung, Qia'erlong (a township in Akto, Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


博鰲

→ English: Bo'ao, Boao

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pɔːk̚³ ŋou̯²¹/

/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ˀɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pɔːk̚³ ŋou̯²¹/

The interpretation as 博 (bó, “vast; abundant”) + 鰲／鳌 (áo, “mythological sea turtle”) is likely folk etymology because it was also written as 卜敖. It may be composed of Lingao bak⁷ (“mouth”) and ŋa¹ (“port; harbour”).

(～鎮) Bo'ao, Boao (a town in Qionghai, Hainan, China)


潭門

/tʰän³⁵ mən³⁵/

/tʰän³⁵ mən³⁵/

(～鎮) Tanmen (a town in Qionghai, Hainan, China)


古勞

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɑʊ̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Gulao (a town in Heshan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)

(～縣) (historical) Gulao (one of the four counties under the jimi prefecture of Fushui (撫水州) in the Tang dynasty, located in modern Guangxi, China)


汶村

/wən⁵¹ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/wən⁵¹ t͡sʰu̯ən⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Wencun (a town in Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


端芬

/tu̯än⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/

/tu̯än⁵⁵ fən⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Duanfen (a town in Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


巴仁

→ English: Baren, Pa-jen

/pä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

(～鎮) Barin, Baren (a town in Payzawat, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Barin, Baren (a township in Akto, Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Barin, Baren (a township in Kargilik, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鄉) Barin, Baren (a township in Shule, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～村) Barin, Baren (a village in Barin, Akto, Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Chenghai

Ch'eng-hai (alternative)
Tenghai (alternative)

The Chenghai district, in which Swatow is situated, is in fact but a vast alluvial plain formed by the sand and mud brought by the waters of the Han river, the numerous branches of which find their outlet to the sea in that district.

1880, Reports on the Trade of the Treaty Ports 1879, Imperial Maritime Customs, →OCLC, page 208:

China supplies about 70 percent of the world’s toys. Guangdong’s toy exports account for about 75 percent of all such exports and earn the province US$15 billion every year. Almost half of these toys are produced in Chenghai, a scruffy town of 700,000 permanent residents, plus many migrant workers, in the Shantou district.

2013, Rowan Callick, “Doing Business”, in The Party Forever: Inside China's Modern Communist Elite, Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 148:

During my grandparents’ generation and the generation before, most of the clansmen were illiterate, but they were deeply religious and followed traditional ways. They spoke the Chaozhou (Teochew) dialect and were originally from the Chenghai district of the city of Shantou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China.

2015, J. K. Chua, “Cultivating Gratitude: The Seven Signs from Heaven”, in Pebbles in the Pond: Transforming the World One Person at a Time, Wave Four, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 52:

Amid yellow pagodas pointing heavenward, Mr. Peng and a small group of volunteers built memorial arches across the park’s steep roads and paths lined with riotous subtropical vegetation. The site, in the Chenghai district of Shantou, was an appropriate place for memory — Buddhist pagodas are associated with the dead, and many local victims of the Cultural Revolution lie here, many buried in mass graves.

2016 October 2, Didi Kirsten Tatlow, “Fate Catches Up to a Cultural Revolution Museum in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-10-03, Asia Pacific:

A district of Shantou, Guangdong, China; a former county of Guangdong, China.


Panyu

Excavated from the tomb of Southern Han Dynasty at Panyu District, Kuangtung.

1976, 世界陶磁全集, volume 11, →OCLC, page 335:

In recent months, authorities in southern Guangdong province have faced increasingly assertive protests by residents opposed to potentially high-polluting projects including plans for a waste incinerator in Guangzhou’s Panyu district that was eventually put off by authorities.

2010 January 25, James Pomfret, “Hundreds protest S.China project over pollution worries”, in Ken Wills, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-05, Environment:

A district of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.


Barin

Village chiefs from Barin township, in Kashgar (in Chinese, Kashi) prefecture’s Peyziwat (Jiashi) county, recently told RFA’s Uyghur Service that hundreds of the Islamic holy books printed before 2012 had been seized since authorities issued an order recalling them on Jan. 15.

2017, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Xinjiang Authorities Confiscate ‘Extremist’ Qurans From Uyghur Muslims”, in Mamatjan Juma, Alim Seytoff, transl., Radio Free Asia:

A town in Payzawat, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

The counter-revolutionary armed riot which took place in the Barin town of Aktu County on April 5, 1990 was a well-planned, well-organized and premeditated violent act of a small number of reactionaries and ethnic separatists hidden in Barin. Cloaked in religion, they deceived and forced some blind-minded public to take part in their plot to destroy national unity and overthrow the government. The riot was a rare and the most serious incident carried out by the ethnic separatists since the liberation of Xinjiang.

1998, Zhang Yumo, “THE ANTI-SEPARATISM STRUGGLE AND ITS HISTORICAL LESSONS SINCE THE LIBERATION OF XINJIANG”, in Turdi Ghoja, transl., Uyghur American Association, archived from the original on 2019-09-03:

In 1990, an uprising in Barin town resulted in a clash between Uyghurs and police.

1999, Soledad A Hernando, Emergent Institutions in Asia: Cases and Concepts, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 87:

Uighur discontent rumbled on for many years but the acknowledged turning point was the Barin uprising of 1990, when Afghan-trained Islamists set up loudspeakers in mosques in the villages of Barin and Turand and broadcast speeches praising jihad.¹³ The local police were attacked and their weapons seized, at which point the Chinese government responded decisively. Its overreaction to the Barin uprising only served to attract more Uighurs to the separatist Islamist banner:

2003, Rohan Gunaratna, Inside Al Qaeda: Global Network of Terror, New York: Berkley Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 230:

1990
On April 5, a group of terrorists, aided and abetted by the "East Turkistan Islamic Party," created a grave terrorist incident in Barin Township, Akto County, Xinjiang.

2009, “Full Text: The History and Development of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps”, in China Internet Information Center, page 1:

On April 5,1990, a group of terrorists, aided and abetted by the "East Turkistan Islamic Party," created a grave terrorist incident in Barin Township, Akto County, Xinjiang.

2010, J. Todd Reed, Diana Raschke, The ETIM: China's Islamic Militants and the Global Terrorist Threat, Praeger, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 127:

A police officer in Barin township, who declined to give his name, said officers have recently been watching the station around the clock lately because the situation in the area, which is the most sensitive part of the Kizilsu Kirghiz prefecture, remains tense.

2017 April 12, Eset Sulaiman, Roseanne Gerin, “Authorities Urge Kyrgyz Herdsmen to Spy on Uyghurs in China’s Xinjiang”, in Mamatjan Juma, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2017-04-17:

A township in Akto, Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

A township in Kargilik, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

A township in Shule, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.

Thanks to this work and research experience I had the possibility to get access areas which in 2012 were still closed to foreigners and Chinese non-residents as Peizawat County, Akto County, and Barin village, to collect material and make interviews to farmers.

2020, Alessandra Cappelletti, Socio-Economic Development in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Disparities and Power Struggle in China's North-West, page viii:

A village in Barin, Akto, Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


文城

/wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Wencheng (a town in Wenchang, Hainan, China)


嘉積

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚⁵/

(～鎮) Jiaji (a town in Qionghai, Hainan, China)


萬城

/wän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Wancheng (a town in Wanning, Hainan, China)


蒼南

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

(～縣) Cangnan (a county of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


鹿城

/lu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/lʊk̚² sɪŋ²¹/

/lu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/lʊk̚² sɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Lucheng (a district of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


洞頭

/tʊŋ⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/tʊŋ²² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/tʊŋ²² tʰɐu̯²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Dongtou (a district and former county of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


西關

→ English: Xiguan, Saikwan

/ɕi⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

1912, James Dyer Ball, How to Speak Cantonese, 4th edition, Kelly & Wash, page 54:

Does he speak Cantonese properly?
He speaks the correct Cantonese of the Western suburbs.

keoi⁵ hai⁶ gong² zeng³ seng⁴⁻² waa⁶⁻² m⁴ hai⁶ ni¹,
keoi⁵ hai⁶ gong² zeng³ sai¹ gwaan¹ waa⁶⁻²

佢係講正城話唔係呢、
佢係講正西關話

佢系讲正城话唔系呢、
佢系讲正西关话

Xiguan, Sai Kwan (a region of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)


離石

/li³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/lei̯²¹ sɛːk̚²/

/li³⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/lei̯²¹ sɛːk̚²/

(～區) Lishi (a district of Lüliang, Shanxi, China)


廣海

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵ hᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔːŋ³⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/kɔŋ⁵⁵ hᵘɔi⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Guanghai (a town in Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


葵潭

/kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ tʰän³⁵/

/kʷʰɐi̯²¹ tʰaːm²¹/

/kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ tʰän³⁵/

/kʷʰɐi̯²¹ tʰaːm²¹/

(～鎮) Kuitan (a town in Huilai, Jieyang, Guangdong, China)


Guide

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 貴德 /贵德 (Guìdé).

She said she had chosen to speak out because she wanted to explain to the public why she left Guide county in Qinghai, where she and her husband Xie Chengde ran a successful honey farm that once featured on state television.
The authorities in Guide said they are now investigating the case following her accusations.

2021 February 8, Mandy Zuo, “Award-winning Chinese reporter’s account of years of domestic violence causes uproar on social media”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-02-07, China:

A county of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China.


皮拉勒

/pʰi³⁵ lä⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

/pʰi³⁵ lä⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹/

(～鄉) Pilal, Pilale (a township in Akto, Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


正藍旗

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ län³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ laːm²¹ kʰei̯²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ län³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ laːm²¹ kʰei̯²¹/

Zhenglan Banner (a banner in Xilingol, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


鄲城

/tän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/tän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Dancheng (a county of Zhoukou, Henan, China)


布倫口

→ English: Bulunkou

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄎㄡˇ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄎㄡˇ

/pu⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pu⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Bulungkol, Bulunkou (a township in Akto, Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Bulungkol

Borrowed from Uyghur بۇلۇڭكۆل (bulungköl).

The second fault is located between Gez (No. 4) and Bulungkol (No. 5).

1996, Yu-sheng Pan, Geological Evolution of the Karakorum and Kunlun Mountains, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 242:

On the way there, the route passes Bulungkol, a broad flood plain at the confluence of two rivers, which is flanked by massive sandstone hills topped by snowy peaks. On the journey it is essential to take a passport to avoid being sent back from the Gezcun border control centre, which actually comes before Bulungkol and where photographs are strictly prohibited.

2009, Hans-Wilm Schütte, China, Baedeker, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 386:

Since then, China leads the world in installation of renewable village systems, of which 100 include wind. One example is the electrification of five villages in Bulunkou Township (Table 10.6) in Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, China [34, chap. 5].

[2009, Vaughn Nelson, “Applications and Wind Industry”, in Wind Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environment, CRC Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 211:

Authorities are promoting the letter mainly in villages in border areas, such as Muji and Bulungkol in Akto (in Chinese, Aketao) county, he said.

2017 April 12, Eset Sulaiman, Roseanne Gerin, “Six Dead, Four Injured in Two Successive Suicide Attacks in China’s Xinjiang”, in Mamatjan Juma, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2017-05-31:

A township in Akto, Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


大余

/taːi̯²² jyː²¹/

/taːi̯²² jyː²¹/

Near-homophonous replacement for 大庾 (Dàyǔ) from 1957.

(～縣) Dayu (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


寧都

/nɪŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵/

/nɪŋ²¹ tou̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Ningdu (a county of Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China)


九峰

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Jiufeng (a town in Pinghe, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Jiufeng (a town in Lechang, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Jiufeng (a town in Zhouzhi, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)


烏夏巴什

ㄨ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄅㄚ ㄕˊ

ㄨ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄅㄚ ㄕˊ

/u⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/u⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ pä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

(～鎮) Ushsharbash (a town in Kargilik, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


烏魯卻勒

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄌㄜˋ

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄌㄜˋ

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

(～鎮, formerly ～鄉) Ghoruchol (a town in Awat, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China, formerly a township)


恰爾巴格

ㄑㄧㄚˋ ㄦˇ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜˊ

ㄑㄧㄚˋ ㄦˇ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄜˊ

/t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

(～鄉) Charbagh (a township in Lop, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


玉麥

→ English: Yumai

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ maɪ̯⁵¹/

/y⁵¹⁻⁵³ maɪ̯⁵¹/

(～鄉) Ujme, Ojma, Yumai (a township in Akto, Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


康其

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/kʰɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

(～鄉) Kanchi (a township in Baicheng, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


集寧

/t͡ɕi³⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/t͡saːp̚² nɪŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/t͡saːp̚² nɪŋ²¹/

(～區, formerly ～市) Jining (a district of Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China, formerly a city)


東勝

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ³³/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ³³/

(～區, formerly ～市, ～縣) Dongsheng (a district of Ordos, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China, formerly a city or a county)


臨河

/lɐm²¹ hɔː²¹/

/lɐm²¹ hɔː²¹/

(～區, formerly ～市, ～縣) Linhe (a district of Baynnur, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China, formerly a city or a county)


Banan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 巴南 (Bānán).

By 2006, after working in the city for nearly twenty years, Yu bought his first apartment in Chongqing’s Ban’an^([sic – meaning Banan]) District for US$20,000, securing a 70 per cent mortgage from a local rural credit company, now part of the restructured Chongqing Rural Credit Commercial Bank.

2012, Tom Miller, China's Urban Billion: The story behind the biggest migration in human history, Zed Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 60:

Its Indian arm, Maruti Suzuki, is the largest passenger-car manufacturer on the subcontinent, and Suzuki’s joint venture in China with Changan Automobile recently announced it would build a second plant in the Banan District of Chongqing. The plant will give the venture an annual capacity to build 500,000 cars.

2012 April 19, Paul Stenquist, “Suzuki: Going Places Elsewhere, but Not in America”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-07:

It was reported that Decathlon, the biggest global sports products retailer, is investigating the road logistics base in Banan District, which is planned to create a Southwest logistics distribution centre in Chongqing.

2014, Retail Market Study Worldwide 2014, 6th edition, →ISBN, page 879:

One of China’s top titanium producers has halted production at its unit in Chongqing after members of staff were found to be infected with the new coronavirus, a local government official said on Friday.
Pangang Group Vanadium Titanium and Resources, which produces around 220,000 tonnes per year of titanium dioxide - used as white pigment in paints, paper, plastics and textiles - subsequently put the facility in Chongqing’s Banan district under lockdown, the Banan official said.

2020 February 14, Min Zhang, Tom Daly, “China titanium producer Pangang shuts unit as coronavirus cases found”, in David Evans, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2020-02-14, Commodities:

Extreme heat in China’s southwestern Chongqing municipality has left the city parched and several mountains ablaze.
At least four districts have reported fires since Thursday, forcing 1,500 people from 540 households to be evacuated.
The latest blaze broke out in Banan district on Sunday, while another in Jiangjin district that had been burning since Thursday was not put out until Monday morning.

2022 August 22, Nick Yang, “Fires blaze in southwest China as extreme heat scorches region”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-22, Politics:


天府之國

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄈㄨˇ ㄓ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

ㄊㄧㄢ ㄈㄨˇ ㄓ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

тяньфу чжи го

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ fuː³⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ fu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ fuː³⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/

Chengdu (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, in southwestern China)


Koguryo

From the McCune-Reischauer romanization of Korean 고구려(高句麗) (Goguryeo).

Alternative form of Goguryeo: (historical) An ancient kingdom in modern Korea, one of the Three Kingdoms, existing from 37 BCE to 668 C.E.; at its maximum covering all of North Korea, the northern part of South Korea, parts of Manchuria in northeast China, and parts of Primorsky Krai in Russia


搖鈴

/jɑʊ̯³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/jiːu̯²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

/jɑʊ̯³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/jiːu̯²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

(～鄉) Yaoling (a township in Jiange, Guangyuan, Sichuan, China)


崖州

/jä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jaɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ŋaːi̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/jä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jaɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ŋaːi̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Yazhou (former prefecture that covered all of Hainan Island, China, and later restricted its area of administration to part of the island)

(～區) Yazhou (a district of Sanya, Hainan, China)


石𬒔

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ kɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² kɐŋ³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² hɐŋ³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ kɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² kɐŋ³⁵/

/sɛːk̚² hɐŋ³⁵/

(～村) Shigeng, Shiken (a village in Foshan, Guangdong, China)


長湴

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ pän⁵¹/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ paːn²²⁻³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ pän⁵¹/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ paːn²²⁻³⁵/

(～村) Changban (a village in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)


區莊

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～村) Ouzhuang (a village in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)


噶爾

/kä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/kä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

(～縣) Gar (a county of Ngari prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


古丈

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/

(～縣) Guzhang County (a county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China)


瀘溪

/lou̯²¹ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/lou̯²¹ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Luxi (a county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China)


𧒽崗

𧒽岗
雷崗
礌崗
虫雷崗

/leɪ̯³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/leɪ̯³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～山) Leigang (a hill in Foshan, Guangdong, China)


黑孜葦

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Kiziloy, Heiziwei (a township in Ulugqat, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Chihli

From the Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 直隸 /直隶 (Zhílì, literally “directly subordinate to / administered by the emperor or the central government”).

bor

The Yalu is mainly useful in floating down immense rafts of wood, which find their way from the town of Antung, at the mouth of the river, to the port of Newchwang, and to Chefoo and Tientsin for the provinces of Shantung and Chihli.

1895 May, John Ross, “Manchuria”, in The Scottish Geographical Magazine, volume XI, number V, Edinburgh: Royal Scottish Geographical Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 220–221:

TS‘I: principality, separated by the Yellow River from Tsin and Yen; it lay in North Shan Tung, and in the coast part of Chih Li.

[1908, Edward Harper Parker, Ancient China Simplified, London: Chapman & Hall, Ltd., →OCLC, page xi:

Mr. Lattimore was born in Paotingfu, China, where his American parents served on the faculty of the Chihli provincial college.

1984 February 28, Herbert Mitgang, “RICHARD LATTIMORE DEAD; A CLASSICAL SCHOLAR AND POET”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, Obituaries:

We have been unable to find much information about Mr Chih-Chang and his connection with this Exposition, but we learned that he was born in 1877 at Tientsin, Chihli, where he also studied law at Peiyang University.

2017, The March 2017 Baltimore Auction of U.S. Coins, Stack's Bowers, page 54, column 1:


膘爾托闊依

→ English: Biao'ertuokuoyi

ㄅㄧㄠ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄨㄛˋ ㄧ

ㄅㄧㄠ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨㄛ ㄎㄨㄛˋ ㄧ

/pi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ kʰu̯ɔ⁵¹ i⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Boritokay, Biao'ertuokuoyi (a township in Ulugqat, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


梁家河

ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄏㄜˊ

ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄏㄜˊ

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/lœːŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

(～村) Liangjiahe (a village in Wen'anyi, Yanchuan, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China)


Boritokay

Zhou, deputy government head of Boritokay township and also a Party member, has been working in Xinjiang since graduating from a teachers' college in Sichuan province, in southwestern China.

2020 July 6, “Young Party members dedicated to poverty reduction”, in State Council Information Office, archived from the original on 2022-02-19:

A township in Ulugqat, Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


武川

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

(～縣) Wuchuan (a county of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


當惹雍錯

ㄉㄤ ㄖㄜˇ ㄩㄥ ㄘㄨㄛˋ

ㄉㄤ ㄖㄜˇ ㄩㄥ ㄘㄨㄛˋ

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ jʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ ʐɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ jʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan དྭངས་རྭ་གཡུ་མཚོ (dwangs rwa g.yu mtsho).

དྭངས་རྭ་གཡུ་མཚོ

Tangra Yumco (a lake in Nyima County, Nagqu, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


艾丁湖

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ tiŋ⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/ŋaːi̯²² tɪŋ⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ tiŋ⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/ŋaːi̯²² tɪŋ⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

Partial calque of Uyghur ئايدىڭكۆل (aydingköl).

partial calque

Ayding Lake, Aydingkol Lake (a lake in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


滆湖

Ge Lake (a lake in Jiangsu Province, China)


阿巴該圖洲渚

ㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄞ ㄊㄨˊ ㄓㄡ ㄓㄨˇ

ㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄞ ㄊㄨˊ ㄓㄡ ㄓㄨˇ

Абагайту Чжоучжу

/ˀä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ kaɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ paː⁵⁵ kɔːi̯⁵⁵ tʰou̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵/

Abagaitu Islet (an islet of China and Russia)


松阿察河

ㄙㄨㄥ ㄚ ㄔㄚˊ ㄏㄜˊ

ㄙㄨㄥ ㄚ ㄔㄚˊ ㄏㄜˊ

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ xɤ³⁵/


張垣

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ wuːn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ wuːn²¹/

A variant of earlier 張家口 /张家口 (Zhāngjiākǒu), from 張家口堡 /张家口堡 (Zhāngjiākǒubǔ), named for the Ming official Zhang Wen (張文) who directed its fortification.

(historical) Zhangyuan (former name of 張家口 /张家口 (Zhāngjiākǒu) (= Zhangjiakou): a city in China)


珍寶島

→ English: Chen Pao Island; Zhenbao Island

Чжэньбао Дао

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Zhenbao Island, Damansky Island (an island of Heilongjiang Province, China)


呼瑪河

/xu⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

/xu⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/

Huma River (a tributary of the Amur River, Heilongjiang Province, China)


居庸關

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ jʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ jʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

Juyong Pass (a mountain pass and gate complex in the Great Wall in Hebei, China)


吳航

/ŋ̍²¹ hɔːŋ²¹/

/ŋ̍²¹ hɔːŋ²¹/

(～街道) Wuhang (a subdistrict of Changle, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) (historical) Wuhang (a town in Changle, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


烏魯克恰提

desc

→ English: Wulukeqiati, Wu-lu-k'o-ch'ia-t'i

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄑㄧㄚˋ ㄊㄧˊ

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄑㄧㄚˋ ㄊㄧˊ

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ hɐk̚⁵ hɐp̚⁵ tʰɐi̯²¹/

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi̯ä⁵¹ tʰi³⁵/

/wuː⁵⁵ lou̯¹³ hɐk̚⁵ hɐp̚⁵ tʰɐi̯²¹/

(～鄉) Ulugqat, Wulukeqiati (a township in Ulugqat, Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


吾合沙魯

ㄨˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄕㄚ ㄌㄨˇ

ㄨˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄕㄚ ㄌㄨˇ

/u³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/u³⁵ xɤ³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

From ئوقسالۇر.

(～鄉) Oksalur, Wuheshalu (a township in Ulugqat, Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～村) Oksalur, Wuheshalu (a village in Oksalur, Ulugqat, Kizilsu, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


阿尼瑪卿山

ㄚ ㄋㄧˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄑㄧㄥ ㄕㄢ

ㄚ ㄋㄧˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄑㄧㄥ ㄕㄢ

Ани Мацин Шань

/ˀä⁵⁵ ni³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ni³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཨ་མྱེས་རྨ་ཆེན། (a myes rma chen).

bor

ཨ་མྱེས་རྨ་ཆེན།

Amne Machin (a mountain in Qinghai Province, China)


Black River

Specific data on the flow of the Red River near Hanoi was impossible to obtain but last month Le Monde, the Paris newspaper, published a dispatch predicting that the flow of the Black River, a main tributary, would reach 32,500 cubic meters a second at Sontay, about 25 miles northwest of Hanoi (a cubic meter is about 35 cubic feet).

1972 July 14, Seymour M. Hersh, “Dikes in Hanoi Area Represent 2,000‐Year Effort to Tame Rivers”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-02-24:

The Black River Watershed is a tributary system of the Red River. Like the Red River, the Black River has its source in China and flows out through Vietnam.

1996, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Thai Studies: Theme 2, Cultural crisis and the Thai capitalist transformation, →OCLC, page 131:

The Upper Red River veers northwards to China, but we take a sneaky left-hand turn down the Da River (Black River).

2017 July 1, Colin Hinshelwood, “Cruise Vietnam’s scenic and lush Red River”, in CNN, archived from the original on 2017-06-25:


ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ

Tumen (a river forming part of the border between Jilin, China and North Korea, and the border between Rasŏn, North Korea and Khasansky district, Primorsky Krai, Russia)


僑港

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Qiaogang (a town in Yinhai district, Beihai, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


東甌

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Dong'ou (an ancient Baiyue kingdom in modern Taizhou and Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


霍爾果斯

ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄦˇ ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄙ

ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄦˇ ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄙ

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/fɔːk̚³ jiː¹³ kʷɔː³⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/fɔːk̚³ jiː¹³ kʷɔː³⁵ siː⁵⁵/

(～市) Khorgas (a county-level city of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


四平街

/sz̩⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/sei̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/sei̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

Old name for 四平 (Sìpíng, “Siping (a city in Jilin, China)”).


回民

/wuːi̯²¹ mɐn²¹/

/wuːi̯²¹ mɐn²¹/

(～區) Huimin District (a district of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


Qinggil

Sheep ked were collected in the spring of 2014 from the Qinggil County (89°47’–91°04’ E, 45°00’–47°20’N), Xinjiang UAR, China.

2017, Zhi-Qiang Liu, Nuer Kuermanali, Zhao Li, Shi-Jun Chen, Yuan-Zhi Wang, Han Tao, Chuang-Fu Chen, “The complete mitochondrial genome of the parasitic sheep ked Melophagus ovinus (Diptera: Hippoboscidae)”, in Mitochondrial DNA Part B, volume 2, number 2, via Taylor & Francis, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-03-22, page 432:

Meanwhile, in the Altay region of Xinjiang, which borders Kazakhstan, authorities recently detained three ethnic Kazakhs in Qinggil (in Chinese, Qinghe) county, a former township official told RFA.
"Three people in Qinggil county have been detained, and we are trying to find out where they are," the former official said. "We found out [on Saturday] that they have been detained, but we don't know where they're being held."

2017 December 18, Qiao Long, “China Detains Kazakhs During 'Unity Week' in Troubled Xinjiang Region”, in Luisetta Mudie, transl., edited by Luisetta Mudie, Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2020-10-29:

In the Qinggil rebel group, political power was concentrated in the hands of Osman, Sugurbayow and other Kazakh figures, while the political leader of the Jiminay faction was the Uyghur Molla Islam Ismayil.

2018, Wang Ke, translated by Carissa Fletcher, The East Turkestan Independence Movement, 1930s to 1940s, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 190:

The news story that Kama read was about an elderly person named Abibao in Qinggil County who had raised ten orphans.

2021, Li Juan, translated by Jack Hargreaves and Yan Yan, Winter Pasture: One Woman's Journey with China's Kazakh Herders, 1st edition, Astra Publishing House, →ISBN, →OCLC, page https://books.google.com/books?id=aML0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT288:

A county of Altay prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


哈巴河

/xä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/haː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/xä⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/haː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

(～縣) Habahe, Kaba (a county of Altay prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Yulin

Watlam (alternative)
Yü-lin (alternative)

Thousands of dogs are slaughtered and served in restaurants in Yulin, in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, for the festival, which is set to begin on June 21. Its proponents defend the practice as an expression of cultural heritage and argue that eating dogs is no different from eating cows or turkeys.

2016 June 9, Shaojie Huang, “Animal Advocates Call for End to Dog Meat Festival in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-06-09:

The Yulin city government hopes to sell 8,000 housing units to villagers this year, the paper said, pointing to the collapse in urban demand.
But rural residents in the Guangxi autonomous region, which includes Yulin, on average earn only about 5,000 yuan ($748) a year, less than half of what urban residents make, official statistics show.

2022 June 27, Liangping Gao, Ryan Woo, “Chinese city desperate for home buyers entices villagers with job prospects”, in Edmund Klamann, Mark Porter, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-06-29, Asian Markets:

A prefecture-level city of the Guangxi autonomous region, China.


Yulin

About twelve wersts and a half from Yulin, we arrived at the fort of Tcha tao, close to which there is an inn, where we found a great number of travellers assembled; some were preparing to proceed on their difficult road across the mountains, and others resting themselves after having accomplished this fatiguing journey.

1827, George Timkowski, Travels of the Russian Mission through Mongolia to China in the Years 1820-1821, volume I, London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, →OCLC, page 307:

Under the threat of sandstorms, the town of Yu-Lin had been "on the move" three times in the past. If one climbs up the rampart in the northeastern corner of the old town, one can see remnants of the Great Wall, standing amidst the vast yellow sands.

[1960 September 19 [1960 April 18], Ku-hsien Chiang, The Green Yu-Lin of Shensi Province - Communist China., United States Joint Publications Research Service, →OCLC, page 2:

The next morning I caught a taxi north of Yulin, where the Great Wall ran through the desert. Tourists rarely came to see the wall here, because it was unrestored and the northern Shaanxi roads were so bad.

2001, Peter Hessler, River Town: Two Years on the Yangtze, London: John Murray, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 190:

At the section of the Great Wall of China that runs through Yulin, tour guide Gao Jing says she tried to learn English in expectation of the increased number of overseas visitors the city planned to attract as part of its economic transformation.
But the international tourists haven't come to Yulin, once a coal, oil and natural gas boom town in the northwestern province of Shaanxi, and in their absence she has forgotten her English.

2016 August 22, Sue-Lin Wong, Beijing Newsroom, “Former China boom town learns hard lessons about service economy”, in Alex Richardson, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-12-01, Business:

A prefecture-level city of Shaanxi, China.

U.S. cameras have photographed construction of a ship berthing area, a jetty and more than 50 buildings, as well as dredging of a channel at Woody Island, one of the largest of the group.
Chinese convoys are reported sailing frequently from the port of Yulin on Hainan Island's south coast to Woody Island, about 200 miles to the southeast.

1971 July 7, “Peking Building New Sea Base?”, in The Salem News, volume 83, number 160, Salem, Ohio, sourced from AP, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1, column 1:

The United States once asked Communist China to permit US Seventh Fleet to dock at Shanghai, and Peiping considered the possibility of allowing the U.S. Navy to make use of port facilities at Yulin on Hainan Island, according to a top Chinese Communist official.

1980 December 7, “Yulin on Hainan”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXI, number 48, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3, column 4:

Yulin base was originally developed to serve mainly as a conventional submarine facility, located on the eastern bank of the Yulin Bay. It is close to the Parcel and Spratly Islands in the South China Sea disputed between China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, and the Philippines.

2012 September 5, Keshav Prasad Bhattarai, “Rising India And China: Can Two Tigers Learn To Share A Mountain – Analysis”, in Eurasia Review, archived from the original on 2013-02-21:


瓦埠

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/

/wä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/


撫遠

/fu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan⁵³/

/hu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ uan⁵⁵⁴/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan⁵³/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan⁵³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ uan⁴¹/

/fu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan⁵³/

/hu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ uan⁵⁵⁴/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan⁵³/

/hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ uan⁵³/

/hu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ uan⁴¹/

(～市) Fuyuan (a county-level city of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China)


青河

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

Short for 青格里河 (“Qinggil River (a tributary of the Ulungur River)”).

zh-etym-short

(～縣) Qinggil, Qinghe (a county of Altay prefecture, Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


富蘊

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹/

/fuː³³ wɐn³³/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹/

/fuː³³ wɐn³³/

(～縣) Fuyun (a county of Altay prefecture, Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


長白

→ English: Changbai, Ch'ang-pai

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ paɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ paːk̚²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ paɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ paːk̚²/

朝鮮族自治縣 朝鮮族自治縣#Chinese

(～朝鮮族自治縣, ～自治縣) Changbai (a Korean autonomous county in Baishan, Jilin, China)


済南

Jinan (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Shandong, in eastern China)


寧鄉

/niŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/nɪŋ²¹ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/niŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/nɪŋ²¹ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Ningxiang (a county-level city and former county of Changsha, Hunan, China)


湘陰

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

(～縣) Xiangyin (a county of Yueyang, Hunan, China)


平江

/pʰiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Pingjiang (a county of Yueyang, Hunan, China)

(～府, ～路) (historical) Pingjiang (a historical commandery and circuit of China during the Song and Yuan dynasties respectively, whose capital was located in the counties of Wu (吳縣／吴县) and Changzhou (長洲／长洲) in present-day Suzhou, Jiangsu)


道孚

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ fu³⁵/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ fu³⁵/

(～縣) Dawu (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


理塘

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/lei̯¹³ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/lei̯¹³ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Litang (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


和靜

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/wɔː²¹ t͡sɪŋ²²/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/wɔː²¹ t͡sɪŋ²²/

(～縣) Hejing (a county of Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


精河

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

(～縣) Jinghe (a county of Börtala prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


蘇家屯

/su⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ən³⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ tʰyːn²¹/

/su⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ tʰu̯ən³⁵/

/sou̯⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ tʰyːn²¹/

(～區) Sujiatun (a district of Shenyang, Liaoning, China)


前郭爾羅斯

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛ ㄦˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ

ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛ ㄦˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ

Цяньгоэрлосы

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ jiː¹³ lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³ jiː¹³ lɔː²¹ siː⁵⁵/

蒙古族自治縣 蒙古族自治縣#Chinese

Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County
w:Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County

(～蒙古族自治縣, ～縣) Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County (an autonomous county of Songyuan, Jilin, China)


前郭

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Short for 前郭爾羅斯／前郭尔罗斯 (Qiánguō'ěrluósī).

(～縣) Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County (an autonomous county of Songyuan, Jilin, China)


農安

/nʊŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/nʊŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/nʊŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/nʊŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Nong'an (a county of Changchun, Jilin, China)


當雄

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹/

Borrowed from Tibetan འདམ་གཞུང ('dam gzhung).

(～縣) Damxung (a county of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


曲水

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰʊk̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

(～縣) Qüxü (a county of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


林周

/lin³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/lin³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Lhünzhub (a county of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


尼木

(～縣) Nyêmo (a county of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


墨竹工卡

ㄇㄛˋ ㄓㄨˊ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄎㄚˇ

ㄇㄛˋ ㄓㄨˊ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄎㄚˇ

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐk̚² t͡sʊk̚⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐk̚² t͡sʊk̚⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan མལ་གྲོ་གུང་དཀར (mal gro gung dkar).

bor

མལ་གྲོ་གུང་དཀར

(～縣) Maizhokunggar (a county of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


工卡

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʰaː⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Kunggar (a town in Maizhokunggar, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


吉木乃

/t͡ɕi³⁵ mu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ mʊk̚² naːi̯¹³/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ mu⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ mʊk̚² naːi̯¹³/

(～縣) Jeminay (a county of Altay prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


達孜

/tä³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

/tä³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Dagzê (a district of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


堆龍德慶

ㄉㄨㄟ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄑㄧㄥˋ

ㄉㄨㄟ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄑㄧㄥˋ

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/tɵy̯⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹ tɐk̚⁵ hɪŋ³³/

/tu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/

/tɵy̯⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹ tɐk̚⁵ hɪŋ³³/

Borrowed from Tibetan སྟོད་ལུང་བདེ་ཆེན་ (stod lung bde chen).

སྟོད་ལུང་བདེ་ཆེན་

(～區, formerly ～縣) Doilungdêqên (a district of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


沙灣

/ʂä⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ wän⁵⁵/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Shawan (a county-level city and former county of Tacheng prefecture, Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～區) Shawan (a district of Leshan, Sichuan, China)

(～街道, formerly ～鎮) Shawan (a subdistrict and former town in Panyu district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China)


新源

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Xinyuan (a county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


喀納斯湖

ㄎㄚ ㄋㄚˋ ㄙ ㄏㄨˊ

ㄎㄚ ㄋㄚˋ ㄙ ㄏㄨˊ

/kʰä⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/haːk̚³ naːp̚² siː⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

/kʰä⁵⁵ nä⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵ xu³⁵/

/haːk̚³ naːp̚² siː⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

Kanas Lake (a lake in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


萬山

/wän⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/wän⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～區) Wanshan (a district of Tongren, Guizhou, China)


多倫

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹/

/tu̯ɔ⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/tɔː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹/

Shortened from 多倫諾爾／多伦诺尔, borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠨ
ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ (dolon naɣur, literally “seven lakes”).

(～縣) Duolun (a county of Xilin Gol, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


海拉爾

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lä⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ jiː¹³/

From Mongolian Хайлаар (Xajlaar)/ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠷ (qayilar).

(～區, formerly ～市) Hailar (a district of Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China, a former county-level city of former Hulunbuir League)


木里

/mu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mu⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

藏族自治縣 藏族自治縣#Chinese

(～藏族自治縣, ～縣) Muli (an autonomous county of Liangshan prefecture, Sichuan, China)


蘭陵

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (蘭陵):
* → Japanese: 蘭(らん)陵(りょう) (Ranryō)

/län³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/laːn²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

/län³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/laːn²¹ lɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Lanling (a county of Linyi, Shandong, China)


阿都沁

/ˀä⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin⁵¹/

Horqin Left Rear Banner
Horqin Left Rear Banner#English

(～蘇木) Aduqin (a sumu in Horqin Left Rear Banner, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


韶州

/ʂɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʂɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Shao (a former prefecture of Guangdong, China)


庫蘭薩日克

ㄎㄨˋ ㄌㄢˊ ㄙㄚˋ ㄖˋ ㄎㄜˋ

ㄎㄨˋ ㄌㄢˊ ㄙㄚˋ ㄖˋ ㄎㄜˋ

Куланьсажикэ

/kʰu⁵¹ län³⁵ sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/kʰu⁵¹ län³⁵ sä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

(～鄉) Kulansarak (a township in Akqi, Kizilsu prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


공안

Sino-Korean word from 公安, from 公 (“public”) + 安 (“safety”).

ko-etym-sino

Gong'an (a county of Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


達坂城

/tä³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːt̚² paːn³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/tä³⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/taːt̚² paːn³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Dabancheng (a district of Ürümqi, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Dabancheng (a town in Dabancheng district, Ürümqi, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Mohe

Only in 2008 did the two countries agree on the border, which tracks the Amur River as it wiggles east for almost 3,000 kilometres from just west of Mohe, China’s most northerly town, towards the Sea of Japan.

2014, David Eimer, The Emperor Far Away: Travels at the Edge of China, Bloomsbury USA, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 282:

In a two-storey wooden house with about 100 Father Christmas dolls, the white-bearded figure in a red suit writes down seasonal wishes with a quill and poses with tourists at the theme park on the outskirts of Mohe, China's northernmost city.[…]
Mohe, known as China's Arctic Town, holds the record for its lowest-ever temperature of minus 52.3 Celsius (minus 62.1 Fahrenheit), on Feb. 13, 1969.
For most visitors, the highlight of a trip is the fulfilment of a long-held wish to meet Santa.
"I've achieved my childhood dream," said Huang Liwen, 30, who had travelled to Mohe from Guangdong province in southern China.

2020 December 21, Xihao Jiang, Carlos Garcia Rawlins, “Santa welcomes visitors at winter wonderland in China's Arctic Town”, in Karishma Singh, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-08, China:

A county-level city of Daxing'anling prefecture, Heilongjiang, China, the northernmost city in China, formerly a county.


Шәуешек

kk-prop

Шәуешек • (Şäueşek)

Compare Uyghur چۆچەك (chöchek), Russian Чугуча́к (Čugučák), Manchu ᠴᡠᡥᡠᠴᡠ (cuhucu), and Mandarin 楚呼楚 (Chǔhūchǔ).

Kazakh alphabets#Arabic script
Kazakh alphabets#Cyrillic script
Kazakh alphabets#Latin script
kk:Шәуешек

Tacheng (a county-level city of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

Tacheng (a prefecture of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Құлжа

head

Құлжа • (Qūlja)

Yining (a county-level city of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Куйтун

ru-proper noun

Куйту́н • (Kujtún) m inan (indeclinable)

Куйту́н (canonical)
Kujtún (romanization)

Kuytun (a county-level city of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


雅江

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋaː¹³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yajiang, Nyagchukha (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


崑玉

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ y⁵¹/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ jʊk̚²/

/kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ y⁵¹/

/kʷʰɐn⁵⁵ jʊk̚²/

(～市) Kunyu (a county-level city of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


芒康

/mɑŋ³⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔːŋ²¹ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/mɑŋ³⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mɔːŋ²¹ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Markam (a county of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


貢覺

/kʊŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ kɔːk̚³/

/kʊŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ kɔːk̚³/

(～縣) Gonjo (a county of Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


獨山子

/tu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊk̚² saːn⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/tu³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʊk̚² saːn⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

(～區) Dushanzi (a district of Karamay, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


茶卡

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ kʰaː⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ kʰaː⁵⁵/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཚྭ་ཁ། (tshwa kha, “salt field; salt lake”).

bor

(～鹽湖) Chaka Salt Lake (a lake in Ulan, Haixi prefecture, Qinghai, China)

(～鎮) Chaka (a town in Ulan, Haixi prefecture, Qinghai, China)


茶卡鹽湖

ㄔㄚˊ ㄎㄚˇ ㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄨˊ

ㄔㄚˊ ㄎㄚˇ ㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄨˊ

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵ xu³⁵/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ kʰaː⁵⁵ jiːm²¹ wuː²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɛn³⁵ xu³⁵/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ kʰaː⁵⁵ jiːm²¹ wuː²¹/


蓮塘

/li̯ɛn³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/liːn²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/li̯ɛn³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/liːn²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

(～街道) Liantang (a subdistrict of Luohu district, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China)


高昌

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kou̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Gaochang (a district of Turpan, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


鄯善

/ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂän⁵¹/

/ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂän⁵¹/

(～縣) Shanshan (a county of Turpan, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


胡楊河

/xu³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/wuː²¹ jœːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

/xu³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/wuː²¹ jœːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

(～市) Huyanghe (a county-level city of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


可克達拉

ㄎㄜˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄚ

ㄎㄜˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄚ

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹ tä³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

/kʰɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤ⁵¹ tä³⁵ lä⁵⁵/

(～市) Kokdala (a county-level city of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


四子王

/sz̩⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/sei̯³³ t͡siː³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

/sz̩⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɑŋ³⁵/

/sei̯³³ t͡siː³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

(～旗) Dorbod (a banner in Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


霍城

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/fɔːk̚³ sɪŋ²¹/

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/fɔːk̚³ sɪŋ²¹/

霍 (Huò) is short for 霍爾果斯／霍尔果斯 (Huò'ěrguǒsī)

zh-l

霍爾果斯／霍尔果斯 (Huò'ěrguǒsī)

(～縣) Huocheng (a county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


宜章

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

/i³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yizhang (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


臨武

/lin³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lin³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～縣) Linwu (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


汝城

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jyː¹³ sɪŋ²¹/

/ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jyː¹³ sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Rucheng (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


桂東

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯³³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Guidong (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


永興

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Yongxing (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


安仁

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

(～縣) Anren (a county of Chenzhou, Hunan, China)


攸縣

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ jyːn²²/

/joʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jɐu̯²¹ jyːn²²/

You County (a county of Zhuzhou, Hunan, China)


雙牌

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹/

(～縣) Shuangpai (a county of Yongzhou, Hunan, China)


江永

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ wɪŋ¹³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ wɪŋ¹³/

(～縣) Jiangyong (a county of Yongzhou, Hunan, China)


道縣

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Dao County (a county of Yongzhou, Hunan, China)


祁東

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰei̯²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Qidong (a county of Hengyang, Hunan, China)


衡南

/xɤŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ naːm²¹/

/xɤŋ³⁵ nän³⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ naːm²¹/

(～縣) Hengnan (a county of Hengyang, Hunan, China)


衡東

/xɤŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤŋ³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐŋ²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Hengdong (a county of Hengyang, Hunan, China)


冷水灘

/lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰän⁵⁵/

/laːŋ¹³ sɵy̯³⁵ tʰaːn⁵⁵/

/lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰän⁵⁵/

/laːŋ¹³ sɵy̯³⁵ tʰaːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Lengshuitan (a district of Yongzhou, Hunan, China)


厚田

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/hɐu̯¹³ tʰiːn²¹/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/hɐu̯¹³ tʰiːn²¹/

(～鄉) Houtian (a township in Xinjian district, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China)


濰城

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Weicheng (a district of Weifang, Shandong, China)


寒亭

/xän³⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ tʰɪŋ²¹/

/xän³⁵ tʰiŋ³⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ tʰɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Hanting (a district of Weifang, Shandong, China)


奎文

/kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ wən³⁵/

/fuːi̯⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

/kʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵ wən³⁵/

/fuːi̯⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

(～區) Kuiwen (a district of Weifang, Shandong, China)


坊子

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/fɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

(～區) Fangzi (a district of Weifang, Shandong, China)


綏來

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ laɪ̯³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

(～縣) Old name for 瑪納斯／玛纳斯 (Mǎnàsī, “Manas County (a county of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)”).


綏定

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ tɪŋ²²/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tiŋ⁵¹/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ tɪŋ²²/

(～縣) Suiding (a former county of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


定邊

/tiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tɪŋ²² piːn⁵⁵/

/tiŋ⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tɪŋ²² piːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Dingbian (a county of Yulin, Shaanxi, China)


漢源

/xän⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɔːn³³ jyːn²¹/

/xän⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɔːn³³ jyːn²¹/

(～縣) Hanyuan (a county of Ya'an, Sichuan, China)


黎平

/li³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/lɐi̯²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/li³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/lɐi̯²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Liping (a county of Qiandongnan prefecture, Guizhou, China)


原陽

→ English: Yuanyang

/ɥɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Yuanyang (a county of Xinxiang, Henan, China)


綏德

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯³⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵/

/sɵy̯⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵/

(～縣) Suide (a county of Yulin, Shaanxi, China)


巴彥浩特

ㄅㄚ ㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄠˋ ㄊㄜˋ

ㄅㄚ ㄧㄢˋ ㄏㄠˋ ㄊㄜˋ

/pä⁵⁵ jɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ jiːn²² hou̯²² tɐk̚²/

/pä⁵⁵ jɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰɤ⁵¹/

/paː⁵⁵ jiːn²² hou̯²² tɐk̚²/

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠬᠣᠲᠠ (bayanqota).

Alxa Left Banner
Alxa Left Banner#English

(～鎮) Bayanhot (a town in Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


米東

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐi̯¹³ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

From 米泉 (Mǐquán, “Miquan (a former county-level city of Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture)”) + 東山／东山 (Dōngshān, “Dongshan (a former district of Ürümqi)”), which merged to give the current Midong district.

(～區) Midong (a district of Ürümqi, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


額敏

/ˀɤ³⁵ min²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaːk̚² mɐn¹³/

/ˀɤ³⁵ min²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋaːk̚² mɐn¹³/

(～縣) Emin (a county of Tacheng prefecture, Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


두만강

Modern Korean reading of Hanja 豆滿江, presumably from Middle Korean 투먼〮가ᇰ (Thwùmén-kàng), from Jurchen tumən (“ten thousand”) + 강(江) (gang, “river”).

compound

Tumen (a river forming part of the border between Jilin, China and North Korea, and the border between Rasŏn, North Korea and Khasansky district, Primorsky Krai, Russia)


新邵

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ siːu̯²²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ siːu̯²²/

(～縣) Xinshao (a county of Shaoyang, Hunan, China)


隆回

/lʊŋ³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ wuːi̯²¹/

/lʊŋ³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ wuːi̯²¹/

(～縣) Longhui (a county of Shaoyang, Hunan, China)


邵東

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯²² tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯²² tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Shaodong (a county-level city of Shaoyang, Hunan, China)


城步

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ pou̯²²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ pu⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²¹ pou̯²²/

苗族自治縣 苗族自治縣#Chinese

(～苗族自治縣, ～縣) Chengbu (an autonomous county of Shaoyang, Hunan, China)


南縣

/nän³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Nan County, Nanxian (a county of Yiyang, Hunan, China)


桃江

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰou̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Taojiang (a county of Yiyang, Hunan, China)


安化

/ˀän⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ faː³³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ faː³³/

(～縣) Anhua (a county of Yiyang, Hunan, China)


尼勒克

/ni³⁵ lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/nei̯²¹ lɐk̚² hɐk̚⁵/

/ni³⁵ lɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹/

/nei̯²¹ lɐk̚² hɐk̚⁵/

(～縣) Nilka (a county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


鞏留

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/kʊŋ³⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

/kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/kʊŋ³⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

(～縣) Gongliu (a county of Ili prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


澧縣

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/lɐi̯¹³ jyːn²²/

/li²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/lɐi̯¹³ jyːn²²/

Li County, Lixian (a county of Changde, Hunan, China)


安鄉

/ˀän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Anxiang (a county of Changde, Hunan, China)


漢壽

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/hɔːn³³ sɐu̯²²/

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/

/hɔːn³³ sɐu̯²²/

(～縣) Hanshou (a county of Changde, Hunan, China)


臨澧

/lin³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ lɐi̯¹³/

/lin³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ lɐi̯¹³/

(～縣) Linli (a county of Changde, Hunan, China)


桑植

/sɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/sɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

/sɑŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/sɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/

(～縣) Sangzhi (a county of Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China)


慈利

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ li⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ lei̯²²/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ li⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ lei̯²²/

(～縣) Cili (a county of Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China)


漵浦

/ɕy⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɵy̯²² pʰou̯³⁵/

/ɕy⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɵy̯²² pʰou̯³⁵/

(～縣) Xupu (a county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


靖州

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sɪŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

苗族侗族自治縣 苗族侗族自治縣#Chinese

(～苗族侗族自治縣, ～縣) Jingzhou (an autonomous county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


新晃

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ³⁵/

/ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ fɔːŋ³⁵/

侗族自治縣 侗族自治縣#Chinese

(～侗族自治縣, ～縣) Xinhuang (an autonomous county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


芷江

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

侗族自治縣 侗族自治縣#Chinese

(～侗族自治縣, ～縣) Zhijiang (an autonomous county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


麻陽

/mä³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/maː²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/mä³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/maː²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

苗族自治縣 苗族自治縣#Chinese

(～苗族自治縣, ～縣) Mayang (an autonomous county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


永順

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/wɪŋ¹³ sɵn²²/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/wɪŋ¹³ sɵn²²/

(～縣) Yongshun (a county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China)


保靖

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/pou̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ²²/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/pou̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ²²/

(～縣) Baojing (a county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China)


花垣

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

(～縣) Huayuan (a county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China)


辰谿

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sɐn²¹ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/sɐn²¹ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Chenxi (a county of Huaihua, Hunan, China)


前三島

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ sän⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ sän⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Qiansandao (a township of China, disputed between Lianyun district, Lianyungang, Jiangsu and Lanshan district, Rizhao, Shandong)


門源

/mən³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/mən³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

Homophonous replacement for 亹源 from 1959.

回族自治縣 回族自治縣#Chinese

(～回族自治縣, ～縣) Menyuan (an autonomous county of Haibei prefecture, Qinghai, China)


深嶺

/ʂən⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂən⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～村) Shenling (a village in Tongyu, Chaoyang district, Shantou)


嚴州

/jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jiːm²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jiːm²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～府) (historical) Yanzhou Prefecture (an ancient prefecture during the Ming and Qing dynasties, whose capital was located in present-day Jiande, Zhejiang, China)