Ying

Borrowed from Chinese, mainly Chinese 應 /应.

The Liao were responsible for building the tallest and oldest extant wooden pagoda, the famous Timber Pagoda in Ying county, Shanxi.

2002, Guo Daiheng, “The Liao, Song, Xi Xia, and Jin Dynasties”, in Nancy S. Steinhardt, editor, Chinese Architecture, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 136:

This magnificent 900-year-old five-story pagoda in the Fugong Monastery in Ying County, Shanxi, is the oldest and largest wooden pagoda in China and one of very few ancient wooden structures to have survived earthquakes, fire and other ravages of time, apparently none the worse for wear.

2004, Treasures of China, Reader's Digest, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 120:


旅順口

ㄌㄩˇ ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄎㄡˇ

ㄌㄩˇ ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄎㄡˇ

/ly²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ən⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯¹³ sɵn²² hɐu̯³⁵/

/ly²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ən⁵¹ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɵy̯¹³ sɵn²² hɐu̯³⁵/

(～區) Lüshunkou (a district of Dalian, Liaoning, China)


旅順

Kwantung Leased Territory
Kwantung Leased Territory#English

(historical) Ryojun (a region of Kwantung Leased Territory, China)


歸綏

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ sɵy̯⁵⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯³⁵/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ su̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ sɵy̯⁵⁵/

As the name of the city now called Hohhot, from 歸化／归化 (Guīhuà) + 綏遠／绥远 (Suíyuǎn), the names of the two towns that merged to form Guisui in 1913.

zh-l

歸化／归化 (Guīhuà)

綏遠／绥远 (Suíyuǎn)

(～縣, ～市) Guisui (a former county and city in Suiyuan province, China; now Hohhot, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


下關

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/haː²² kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/haː²² kʷaːn⁵⁵/

(～鎮) (historical) Xiaguan (a former town in Dali, Dali prefecture, Yunnan, China)

(～市) (historical) Xiaguan (a former city in Dali prefecture, Yunnan, China; merged with Dali county in 1983 to form the county-level city of Dali)


霞浦

desc

→ English: Hsia-p'u, Hsiapu, Siapu, Xiapu

/ɕi̯ä³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː²¹ pʰou̯³⁵/

/ha²⁴⁻²² pʰɔ⁵³/

/ɕi̯ä³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː²¹ pʰou̯³⁵/

/ha²⁴⁻²² pʰɔ⁵³/

(～縣) Xiapu (a county of Ningde, Fujian, China)


三鄉

/sän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/saːm⁵⁵ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Sanxiang (a town in Zhongshan, Guangdong, China)


稻城

Formerly called 稻壩／稻坝 (Dàobà), from Tibetan འདབ་པ ('dab pa) + 城 (chéng).

zh-l

稻壩／稻坝 (Dàobà)

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tou̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/tou̯²² sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Daocheng (a county of Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China)


加茂

→ English: Jiamao

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ mɐu̯²²/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ mɐu̯²²/

(～鎮) Jiamao (a town in Baoting, Hainan, China)


新城

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siã²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² siã¹³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ siã²³/

(～鎮) Xincheng (a town in Jiayuguan, Gansu, China)

(～社區) Xincheng (a residential community in Ruoqiang, Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


龜山

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ku̯i²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ku̯i²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/ku⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 亀山 (Kameyama).

obor

(～鎮) Guishan (a town in Macheng, Huanggang, Hubei, China)


南丹

/nän³⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/nän³⁵ tän⁵⁵/

(～縣) Nandan (a county of Hechi, Guangxi autonomous region, China)


大東

/tä⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

; "Daitō"
Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 大東 (Daitō).

(～村) Dadong (a village in Zhashan, Caidian district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


葛城

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

(～街道, formerly ～鎮) Gecheng (a subdistrict of Chengkou, Chongqing, China, formerly a town)


江津

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɵn⁵⁵/

(～區) Jiangjin (a district of Chongqing, China)


三山

/sän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(informal) Alternative name for 福州 (Fúzhōu), Fuzhou (a city in Fujian, China)

福州

(～區) Sanshan (a district of Wuhu, Anhui, China)

(～島) Sanshan (an island group in Lake Tai administered as part of Wuxi, Jiangsu, China)


南城

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/naːm²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

(～縣) Nancheng (a county of Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China)

(～街道) Nancheng (a subdistrict of Anlu district, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～街道) Nancheng (a subdistrict of Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～街道) Nancheng (a subdistrict of Dongguan, Guangdong, China)


Yingde

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 英德 (Yīngdé).

Ying-te (alternative)
Ying-tê (alternative)

Japanese forces in a three-pronged drive to strengthen their corridor bisecting China have taken Yingtak and are being engaged eighteen miles south of Kuoming, provisional capital of[…]

[1945 January 26, “Japanese Take Yingtak; McClure Is Transferred”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-12-03, page 9:

A previously unknown freshwater crab has been discovered in plain sight: on sale at a pet shop in China.
The shop owner led scientists to the place where the crab had been collected, in Yingde City in northern Guangdong, a subtropical province on the coast of the South China Sea.

2016 September 26, Nicholas Bakalar, “Ringing Up a New Species of Crab”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-10-24, SCIENCE:

In Yingde, a city in Guangdong authorities have evacuated some residents to other parts of the city and advised others not to leave their homes. Residents say the stores have run out of staple foods like oil and rice due to people stockpiling goods.

2022 June 22, “China: Floods in the south force evacuations, destroy property”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2022-06-22, News:

A county-level city of Guangdong, China.


Guinan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 貴南 /贵南.

Western China’s biggest pumped storage power station officially started construction on Sunday, adding a critical piece of infrastructure that could significantly boost renewable energy production in the Gobi desert and Tibetan plateau, according to the National Energy Administration (NEA).[…]
It will be located in Guinan county in the east of Qinghai and will use the Laxiwa reservoir on the Yellow River as its lower reservoir.

2023 August 10, Victoria Bela, “China breaks ground on major project that could boost renewable energy production in Gobi desert”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-10, Science:

A county of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China.


Dali

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 大荔 (Dàlì).

Wen Fang, who lives in Dali county in the northwest province of Shaanxi, made a name posting photos and videos of himself dressed in women’s fashion and strutting his stuff through his village.

2019 December 26, Alice Yan, “Meet the Chinese villager with supermodel looks”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-12-25, Society:


Dali

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 大理 (Dàlǐ).

Away over in South-west China, in the Tali prefecture of Yunnan Province, there lies Chungtien County. Set amongst a tumbled mass of mountains rising to the snow line, it is not easily accessible.

[1971, Rewi Alley, “In and around Canton in November 1970”, in Eastern Horizon, volume X, number 1, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 11, column 2:

Eight people entered an abandoned tin mine in the province’s Dali autonomous prefecture on Saturday night, and their excavation caused the mine to cave in,[…]

2008 March 3, Alfred Cang, “China tin mine collapse kills seven: report”, in Ken Wills, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-05-18, WORLD NEWS:

A Bai autonomous prefecture in Yunnan province, China.


Dali

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 大瀝 /大沥 (Dàlì).

A town in Foshan city, Guangdong province, China.


灕江

/li³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lei̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/li²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/li²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/li¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/li²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/li³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lei̯²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/li²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/li²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/li¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/li²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

Li River (a river in the Guangxi autonomous region)


𨟠

(～鄉) (historical) a township in Wenxi, Shanxi, China. (alternately, '䣤')


大觀

/tä⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

(～區) Daguan (a district of Anqing, Anhui, China)


棠棣

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/tʰɑŋ³⁵ ti⁵¹/

(～鎮) Tangdi (a town in Anlu, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)


行唐

/ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ɕiŋ³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

(～縣) Xingtang (a county of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China)


華胥

/xu̯ä³⁵ ɕy⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä³⁵ ɕy⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Huaxu (a town in Lantian, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)


Shangqiu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 商丘 /商邱 (Shāngqiū).

Some 16,000,000 people live on the great plain of eastern Honan, an area of nearly 30,000,000 mou comprising Shangchiu and Choukou Prefectures and the eastern part of Kaifeng Prefecture.

[1977, Summary of World Broadcasts: The Far East. Weekly Supplement, →OCLC, page 7:

Officials in the city of Shangqiu in Henan Province have admitted that police officers tortured a man to get him to falsely confess to a murder that he did not commit, official Chinese news organizations reported Wednesday.

2010 May 12, Edward Wong, “China: Confession Obtained by Torture”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-05-16, Asia Pacific:

A prefecture-level city of Henan, China.


江淮

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯aɪ̯³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ waːi̯²¹/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ ɦua²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯aɪ̯³⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ waːi̯²¹/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ ɦua²¹/

Jianghuai (a cultural region of China comprising the land between the Yangtze and Huai, especially encompassing Jiangsu, much of Anhui, and southern Henan)


雷州

→ English: Leizhou, Luichow, Luichew

→ Georgian: ლეიჭოუ (leič̣ou)

/leɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/le²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/leɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/lɵy̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/le²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Leizhou (a county-level city of Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China)


如皋

/ʐu³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/ʐu³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Rugao (a county-level city of Nantong, Jiangsu, China)


梅縣

/meɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/muːi̯²¹ jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/bue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kũĩ¹¹/

/me²² ɦyø⁴⁴/

/meɪ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/muːi̯²¹ jyːn²²⁻³⁵/

/bue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kũĩ¹¹/

/me²² ɦyø⁴⁴/

Mei County, Meixian (a former county of Guangdong, China)

(～區) Meixian (a district of Meizhou, Guangdong, China)


Huai River

Partial calque from Mandarin 淮河 (Huái Hé).

The Huai river and the sea formed the boundaries of Yangchow.

1895, Herbert J. Allen, “Ssŭma Chʻien's Historical Records”, in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 97:

In other sectors of our national life, giant and fundamental solutions have been undertaken for age-old problems, such as the floods with which the Huai river has plagued our people for thirty centuries.

1952 January-February, Soong Ching Ling, “Welfare Work and World Peace”, in China Reconstructs, volume 1, number 1, China Welfare Institute, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2:

Those "counterrevolutionaries" who were not executed were subjected to "reform through labor," a euphemism for slave labor, and participated in the intensive work which began on railway and road construction and water conservation schemes. The most important of the latter was the vaunted Huai River flood control project, which has been the subject of praise in all the accounts of fellow travelers who have visited China.

1955, Richard L. Walker, China Under Communism: The First Five Years, New Haven: Yale University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 12:

In 1938 the great stream was deflected to the south by the Chinese in a misplaced effort to delay the advance of Japanese forces moving southward from T'ien-ching (Tientsin) and Pei-ching (Peking); and it flowed southeastward into the Huai river system and thence through a series of lakes and the Grand Canal down into the Yangtze drainage area.

1969, Joseph Kitagawa, editor, Understanding Modern China, Quadrangle Books, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 49:

It’s now called Huaihai Road, which commemorates the second great campaign of 1949, when Mao’s soldiers advanced from the Huai River to the sea, putting them in position to take Shanghai.

2011, Lisa See, Dreams of Joy, Oxford: ISIS Publishing, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 157:

The creek connects the Xi River to factories along the Huai River, but it’s too shallow for large boats to navigate.

2013, Ma Jian, translated by Flora Drew, The Dark Road, Penguin Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 152:

China on Sunday raised the flood alert level in the Huai River region in the country’s east to Level II from Level III, the second highest on its four-tier scale, after days of torrential downpours and amid expectations of further heavy rainfall.
Ten reservoirs on the Huai River have seen water levels exceeding warning levels by as much as 6.85 metres, according to the Huaihe River Commission of China’s Ministry of Water Resources.
The 1,000km (620 mile) Huai River flows through major agriculture and manufacturing hubs in Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces.

2020 July 19, Muyu Xu, Xu Jing, Tom Daly, “China raises flood alert levels along Huai River”, in Lincoln Feast, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2020-07-19, Environment:

A major river in central China, now a tributary of the Yangtze.


沙河

/saː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/saː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹/

/saː⁵⁵ hɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

(～市) Shahe (a county-level city of Xingtai, Hebei, China)

(～街道) Shahe Subdistrict (various subdistricts in China)

(specifically) Shahe Subdistrict (a subdistrict of Guangzhou)

(～鄉) Shahe (a town in Yunmeng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～鄉) Shahe (a town in Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)


Pekinas

lt-proper noun

Peki̇̀nas m (uncountable) stress pattern 2

Peki̇̀nas (canonical masculine stress-pattern-2)
Peki̇̀nas (nominative)
Peki̇̀no (genitive)
Peki̇̀nui (dative)
Peki̇̀ną (accusative)
Pekinù (instrumental)
Pekinè (locative)
Peki̇̀ne (vocative)

[pʲɛˈkʲɪnɐs]

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


華容

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/waː²¹ jʊŋ²¹/

/hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ioŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/waː²¹ jʊŋ²¹/

/hua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ioŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Huarong (a county of Yueyang, Hunan, China)

(～區) Huarong (a district of Ezhou, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Huarong (a town in Huarong district, Ezhou, Hubei, China)


沿江

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

As a Zhejiang village and port area, in reference to its position on the south bank of the Ao (鰲江/鳌江).

(～村) Yanjiang (a village in Zhicheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)

(～村) Yanjiang (a former village in Zhejiang, China), now part of Longgang (龍港/龙港)

(～港區) Yanjiang (a former port area in Zhejiang, China), now part of Longgang (龍港/龙港)


Xing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 興 /兴 (Xīng).

But Liu Xianglun (later a political affairs counselor to Belgium), who was also at the Central Social Department at the same time Ye Chengzhang was there and who escorted Wang to Xing County, Shanxi Province, remembers that Wang protested both during the trial and on the way to Xing County that he was not a Trotskyite.

1994, Dai Qing, Wang Shiwei and "Wild Lilies": Rectification and Purges in the Chinese Communist Party, 1942-1944, M.E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 57:

Last summer, Mupona and more than 10 African youths came to Xingxian County, Shanxi Province to explore the magic code of poverty alleviation in this former national poverty-stricken county.

2022 March 13, “China Focus: Foreign students see opportunities through China's "two sessions"”, in huaxia, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2022-03-13:

Police in the central Chinese province of Shanxi have detained a 27-year-old man accused of killing at least seven people, four of them by driving into a group of pedestrians and cars.
Authorities in the city of Luliang said on Sunday that the suspect, identified only by his surname Guo, allegedly went to the home of a 21-year-old married woman in Xing county at around 2pm on Saturday, killing her husband, son and mother-in-law.

2023 May 14, Minnie Chan, “Chinese police detain suspect after 7 dead in home and car attacks”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2023-05-14, Politics:


城關

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ kuaŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/siã¹³⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻²² kuan³³/

/siã²⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ kuaŋ⁵³³/

/ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/siã¹³⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/

/siã²⁴⁻²² kuan³³/

/siã²⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/

(～區) Chengguan (a district of Lanzhou, Gansu, China)

(～區) Chengguan (a district of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)

(～街道) Chengguan (a subdistrict of Fufeng, Baoji, Shaanxi, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Karub district, Chamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Yunyang district, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Yunmeng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Yongchang, Jinchang, Gansu, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Dawu, Xiaogan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Hong'an, Huanggang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Linying, Luohe, Henan, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Nanzhang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Baokang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Gucheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Yunxi, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Zhushan, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Zhuxi, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Luoning, Luoyang, Henan, China)

(～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Huangyuan, Xining, Qinghai, China)

(historical) (～鎮) Chengguan (a town in Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, former name of Tancheng)


大埔

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ pʰu²⁴/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pu⁵¹/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ pʰu²⁴/

/tä⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tua²²⁻²¹ pɔ⁴⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² pɔ³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ pɔ⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ pɔ⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ pɔ⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tua²²⁻²¹ pɔ⁴⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² pɔ³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ pɔ⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ pɔ⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ pɔ⁴⁴/

大埔客家話

大埔客家话

(～縣) Dabu (a county of Meizhou, Guangdong, China)


Kham

In the summer of 1956, Chinese troops bombed a large monastery in the eastern Kham region. The Chinese had begun to destroy the religious and cultural artifacts of Tibet.

1996, Whitney Stewart, “The Chinese Takeover”, in The 14th Dalai Lama: Spiritual Leader of Tibet, Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 86:

The exiled Tibetan spiritual leader told the French newspaper Le Monde that the army opened fire during a protest in the eastern Tibetan region of Kham on Monday.[…]
“We know about disturbances in the Kham region. But we do not have any details or figures about injuries or deaths,” said the aide, Chhime Chhoekyapa, in the northern town of Dharamsala.[…]
“The military presence in Tibet is old, but the frenzy of new construction in the Amdo and Kham regions makes me say that this colonisation by the army is designed to last,” he said.

2008 August 21, “China to crack down on use of leanness enhancers in cattle and sheep”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-17, Top News:

For Samdhong Rinpoche, this tour around the world is also his last trip as PM, now that his term is over and cannot be extended. He has decided to take his future after March 20 as it comes. If he could do what he wanted, he would go back to his home monastery in Kham, where he has not returned since 1959 and where he used to sit under the trees and meditate as a young man. He said, "they are wonderful and they are still standing."

2011 February 23, Adrienne Woltersdorf (sb), “Tibetans searching for a future beyond the Dalai Lama”, in Thomas Baerthlein, editor, Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2021-05-25, Asia:

Much of what is today the mountainous western part of China’s Sichuan Province was, before the 1950 takeover, politically and culturally a part of Tibet, known as Kham.[…]
While the arrival of thousands of international tourists brings environmental and social changes, it has also allowed families to remain in the mountains and to profit off the nature around them and Tibetan culture.
A case in point would be the nomadic Tibetan family I met on the grasslands of the Kham region, who, working side by side with a local guesthouse, were offering tourists the chance to stay with them in their traditional yak-wool tent and learn something of traditional Tibetan nomadic life.

2021 July 12, Stuart Butler, “Scattered Among the Himalaya, Glimpses of a Changing Tibet”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-07-12:

One of the three traditional regions of Tibet, covering a land area largely divided between eastern parts of the Tibet Autonomous Region, western parts of Sichuan, and smaller parts of Qinghai and Yunnan.


ཁྲེན་ཏུ

/ʈ͡ʂʰẽ˥˥.tu˥˥/

Chengdu (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, in southwestern China)


간쑤

zh-l

甘肅／甘肃 (Gānsù)

Gansu (a province in northwestern China)


광동

Guangdong (a populous province of China, located on the southern coast)


구이저우

貴州／贵州 (Guìzhōu)

Guizhou (a province in southwestern China)


요녕

Liaoning (a province in northeastern China)


산둥

Shandong (a coastal province in eastern China)


산시

From Mandarin 山西 (Shānxī) or 陝西／陕西 (Shǎnxī).

陝西／陕西 (Shǎnxī)

Shanxi (a province in the northern part of China)


섬서

Seomseo (romanization)
陝西 (hanja)
합서(陜西) (alternative)
협서(陜西) (alternative)


사천

[ˈsʰa̠(ː)t͡ɕʰʌ̹n]


윈난

雲南／云南 (Yúnnán)

Yunnan (a province in southwestern China, bordering Myanmar (Burma), Laos and Vietnam)


장쑤

zh-m

江蘇／江苏 (Jiāngsū)

Jiangsu (a province of China, northeast of the mouth of the Yangtze River)


절강

[t͡ɕʌ̹ɭɡa̠ŋ]


칭하이

[t͡ɕʰiŋɦa̠i]

Qinghai (a province in northwestern China)


청해

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ŋɦe̞]


푸젠

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China#English

Fujian (a province of the People's Republic of China (mainland China), located on the southeastern coast)


하이난

Hainan (an island and province of China)


헤이룽장

Heilongjiang (a province in northeastern China)


후난

Hunan (a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting)


광시

zh-l

廣西／广西 (Guǎngxī)

Guangxi (a Zhuang autonomous region of China)


내몽골

[nɛmo̞ŋɡo̞ɭ]

Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia#English:_Q41079

Inner Mongolia (a Mongolian autonomous region of China)


네이멍구

內蒙古／内蒙古 (Nèi Měnggǔ)


시짱

[ɕʰit͡ɕ͈a̠ŋ]


신강

Xinjiang (a Uyghur autonomous region of China, located in the sparsely populated northwest)


닝샤

寧夏／宁夏 (Níngxià)

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
w:Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Ningxia, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (a Hui autonomous region of China)


녕하

(North Korea) Ningxia, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (a Hui autonomous region of China)


상해

Sanghae (romanization)
上海 (hanja)
샹ᄒᆡ(上海) (alternative Early Modern)

[ˈsʰa̠(ː)ŋɦɛ]

[ˈsʰa̠(ː)ŋɦe̞]


충칭

[t͡ɕʰuŋt͡ɕʰiŋ]


중경

[ˈt͡ɕu(ː)ŋɡjʌ̹ŋ]


톈진

Tianjin (a direct-administered municipality and major city in northern China)


천진

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɲd͡ʑin]


陝北

→ English: Shaanbei

/ʂän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

陝北民歌

陕北民歌

Shaanbei, northern Shaanxi (a region of Shaanxi, China)


ᦵᦗᦲᧉᦋᦲᧃᧈ

khb-proper noun

ᦵᦗᦲᧉᦋᦲᧃᧈ • (poe²tsiin¹)

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


ᦵᦙᦲᧂᦶᦉ

Kunming (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China)


星子

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/ɕiaŋ⁴² t͡sz̩²/

/ɕi̯ɔ̃⁴⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi̯an⁴⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/ɕiaŋ⁴² t͡sz̩²/

/ɕi̯ɔ̃⁴⁴ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕi̯an⁴⁴⁵ t͡sz̩³/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

(～縣) (historical) Xingzi (a county of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China; modern Lushan)

(～鎮) Xingzi (a town in Lianzhou, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China)

(～鎮) Xingzi (a town in Lushan, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China)


ハルビン

[ha̠ɾɯ̟bʲĩɴ]

Either borrowed from English Harbin or Mandarin 哈爾濱 /哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn), both ultimately from Manchu ᡥᠠᡵᠪᡳᠨ (harbin, literally “drying fishnets”).

der

Harbin (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Heilongjiang, in northeastern China)


ᦉᦱᧂᧈᦆᦻ

Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)


加格達奇

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄍㄜˊ ㄉㄚˊ ㄑㄧˊ

ㄐㄧㄚ ㄍㄜˊ ㄉㄚˊ ㄑㄧˊ

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ tä³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵ tä³⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

Borrowed from Oroqen [Term?] (jagdaqi, “place with Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica”).

bor

(～區) Jiagedaqi District (a district of Heilongjiang, China)


ལྷ་མོ་དགོན

head

ལྷ་མོ་དགོན • (lha mo dgon)


ᦉᦹᧈᦌᦸᧃᧈ

khb-proper noun

ᦉᦹᧈᦌᦸᧃᧈ • (ṡue¹soan¹)


སི་ཁྲོན་ཞིང་ཆེན

From Mandarin 四川 (Sìchuān) + ཞིང་ཆེན (zhing chen, “province”).


ཡུན་ནན་ཞིང་ཆེན

From Mandarin 雲南 /云南 (Yúnnán) + ཞིང་ཆེན (zhing chen, “province”).

Yunnan (a province in southwestern China, bordering Myanmar (Burma), Laos and Vietnam)


正定

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (正定):
* → Korean: 정정(正定) (jeongjeong)

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ tɪŋ²²/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ tɪŋ²²/

(～縣) Zhengding (a county of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China)


邆川

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/tʰɤŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

Since Mieluopi and Duoluowang lost Tengchuan and Langqiong, they withdrew and were forced to occupy Jian and Gong.

Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 4, part 10

Miēluópí, Duóluówàng jì shī Téngchuān, Làngqióng, tuì ér bī duó jiàn, gòng

咩羅皮、鐸羅望既失邆川、浪穹，退而逼奪劍、共

咩罗皮、铎罗望既失邆川、浪穹，退而逼夺剑、共

(historical) Tengchuan (a prefecture in modern-day Eryuan County, Yunnan)


同安

→ English: Tong'an, T’ung-an, Tangua

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/tʰuŋ¹¹ on²⁴/

/tʰuŋ⁵⁵ on⁵³/

/tuŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/tɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵³³/

/tɒŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² uã⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² uã³³/

/taŋ¹³⁻²² uã⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ uã⁴⁴/

/taŋ²³⁻³³ uã⁴⁴/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/tʰuŋ¹¹ on²⁴/

/tʰuŋ⁵⁵ on⁵³/

/tuŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

/tɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵³³/

/tɒŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² uã⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻²² uã³³/

/taŋ¹³⁻²² uã⁴⁴/

/taŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ uã⁴⁴/

/taŋ²³⁻³³ uã⁴⁴/

(～區) Tong'an (a district of Xiamen, Fujian, China)


ᦵᦋᧂᦣᦳᧂᧈ

Chinese: 景洪 (Jǐnghóng)

/t͡ɕeŋ˥˩.huŋ˧/

Jinghong (a county-level city of Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China)


樟樹

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ syː²²/

/t͡soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁵⁵/

/t͡ʃoŋ⁵³ ʃu³³/

/t͡siũ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu³³/

/t͡sɑ̃³³ zz̩⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂu⁵¹/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ syː²²/

/t͡soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁵⁵/

/t͡ʃoŋ⁵³ ʃu³³/

/t͡siũ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu³³/

/t͡sɑ̃³³ zz̩⁴⁴/

(～市) Zhangshu (a county-level city of Yichun, Jiangxi, China)


民大

(～社區) Minda (a residential community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


南開

/nän³⁵ kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/lam²⁴⁻²² kʰai⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² kʰai³³/

/lam¹³⁻²² kʰai⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰai⁴⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ kʰai⁴⁴/

/nän³⁵ kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/lam²⁴⁻²² kʰai⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻²² kʰai³³/

/lam¹³⁻²² kʰai⁴⁴/

/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰai⁴⁴/

/lam²³⁻³³ kʰai⁴⁴/

(～區) Nankai (a district of Tianjin, China)

(～大學) Nankai University (a university in Tianjin, China)


北林

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lin³⁵/

(～區) Beilin (a district of Suihua, Heilongjiang, China)


地大

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹/

/ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹/

(～社區) Dida (a residential community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


惠安

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/hie²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ aŋ⁵⁵/

/hĩ²¹ ũã⁵⁴⁴/

/hui²²⁻²¹ uã⁴⁴/

/hui⁴¹⁻²² uã³³/

/hui²²⁻²¹ uã⁴⁴/

/hui³³⁻¹¹ uã⁴⁴/

/hui³³⁻²¹ uã⁴⁴/

/xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/hie²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ aŋ⁵⁵/

/hĩ²¹ ũã⁵⁴⁴/

/hui²²⁻²¹ uã⁴⁴/

/hui⁴¹⁻²² uã³³/

/hui²²⁻²¹ uã⁴⁴/

/hui³³⁻¹¹ uã⁴⁴/

/hui³³⁻²¹ uã⁴⁴/

(～縣) Hui'an (a county of Quanzhou, Fujian, China)

Assimilation (phonology)#Anticipatory assimilation to an adjacent segment


晉江

Sino-Xenic (晉江):
* → Vietnamese: Tấn Giang (晉江)

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɵn³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋouŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ³³/

/t͡ɕin³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɵn³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋouŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ³³/

/t͡ɕin³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

Jin River (a river in southern Fujian, China)

(～市, formerly ～縣) Jinjiang (a county-level city and former county of Quanzhou, Fujian, China)


晉江

chữ Hán form of Tấn Giang (“Jinjiang (a county-level city and former county of Quanzhou, Fujian, in southeastern China)”)


Arun

A certain Mr. Chen, public security cadre of a grain depot in Arun Banner in Hulun Buir League, defrauded, stole, and sold 83,000 kg of soybean of this grain depot since the beginning of this year alone.

1990 August 9 [1990 July 12], “Inner Mongolia Wins Crime Struggle”, in Daily Report: China, number 90-154, sourced from Hohhot NEIMENGGU RIBAO p1, translation of original in Chinese, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 56, column 1:

A banner in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China.


Pekina

Pekina (nominative singular)
Pekinas (genitive singular)
Pekinai (dative singular)
Pekinu (accusative singular)
Pekinu (instrumental singular)
Pekinā (locative singular)
Pekina (singular vocative)

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


新莊

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sin³³ t͡sŋ̍³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sin³³ t͡sŋ̍³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sŋ̍⁴⁴/

(～鎮) Xinzhuang (a town in Yushu, Changchun, Jilin, China)

(～鎮) Xinzhuang (a town in Feixian, Linyi, Shandong, China)

(～鎮) Xinzhuang (a town in Suyu district, Suqian, Jiangsu, China)

(～鎮) Xinzhuang (a town in Xiaoxian, Suzhou, Anhui, China)

(～鎮) Xinzhuang (a town in Yifeng, Yichun, Jiangxi, China)

(～鎮) Xinzhuang (a town in Ningxian, Qingyang, Gansu, China)

(～鎮) Xinzhuang (a town in Datong, Xining, Qinghai, China)

(～鎮) Xinzhuang (a town in Huining, Baiyin, Gansu, China)

(～鄉) Xinzhuang (a township in Hezheng, Linxia, Gansu, China)


鹽田

/jɛn³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/iam²⁴⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/iam²⁴⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/iam¹³⁻²² tiɛn¹³/

/iam²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɛn²⁴/

/iam²³⁻³³ tiɛn²³/

/iam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰiaŋ⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/iam²⁴⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/iam²⁴⁻²² tiɛn²⁴/

/iam¹³⁻²² tiɛn¹³/

/iam²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɛn²⁴/

/iam²³⁻³³ tiɛn²³/

/iam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰiaŋ⁵⁵/

(～區) Yantian (a district of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China)


Ussuri

This Nerchinsk Treaty, exacted literally at the cannon's mouth, was not only the first concluded between China and Russia, but the first between China and any foreign Power. It was essentially a boundary treaty, though free trade between the two countries was also provided for ; yet the Chinese made the fatal mistake of leaving the eastern frontier, beyond the line of the Ussuri, for future definition, their only excuse being ignorance of the country ; though the Ming Emperors Hun-wu (1368-98) and Yun-lo, in 1413, had sent expeditions to the lower Amoor ; built temples there ; and erected stone monuments, with inscriptions, that still exist.

1912 January, “Russo-Chinese Relations”, in The Edinburgh Review, volume CCXV, →OCLC, page 198:

In Beijing’s view, in the absence of an explicit treaty provision, the central line of the main channel—the Thalweg principle—provided a legal basis for delimiting the boundary in the two rivers. On this basis, Beijing claimed that 600 of the rivers’ 700 islands—including Zhenbao Island on the Ussuri River, just 180 miles southwest of an important Soviet city, Khabarovsk—belonged to the P.R.C.

1980, Melvin Gurton, Byong-Moo Hwang, China under Threat: The Politics of Strategy and Diplomacy, Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 210:

In January 1969, Chinese and Soviet soldiers fought around Zhenbao Island in the Ussuri River.

2005, Michael P. Colaresi, “Climbing the Wall: The Sino-American Rivalry”, in Scare Tactics: The Politics of International Rivalry, Syracuse University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 202:

In 2008 Moscow ceded 174 square km (67 square miles) of land to Beijing on their shared border along the Ussuri and Amur Rivers, where the two powers exchanged fire in 1969, leaving nearly 60 dead.

2011 March 1, Thomas Grove, “Analysis: Russia turns military gaze east to counter China”, in Mark Trevelyan, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2017-08-19:

Since the Ussuri River border skirmishes that marked the Sino-Soviet split in the 1960s, the Kremlin has perceived its long border with China as a security challenge as much as a commercial opportunity.

2014 November 10, Andrew E. Kramer, “Gazprom Makes a New Gas Deal With China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-11-11, INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS:

A river forming part of the border between Heilongjiang, China and Primorsky Krai and Khabarovsk Krai, Russia.


Jiao

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 郊 (Jiāo).

The mean density of Phlebotomus chinensis was 6.3 sandflies per trap per night in Yangquan City from during the period from May to September, 2020, with the highest density observed in Jiaoqu District (12.6 sandflies per trap per night) and the lowest in Yuxian County (1.1 sandflies per trap per night), and there was a region⁃specific mean density of Ph. chinensis in Yangquan City (H = 17.282, P < 0.01).

[2022 November 23, Zhang Pei⁃jun et al., “2015—2020年山西省阳泉市犬源型内脏利什曼病 疫情调查 [Prevalence of mountain⁃zoonotic type visceral leishmaniasis in Yangquan City of Shanxi Province from 2015 to 2020]”, in Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control, volume 34, number 5, →ISSN, →OCLC:


喀什噶爾

ㄎㄚ ㄕˊ ㄍㄚˊ ㄦˇ

ㄎㄚˋ ㄕˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄦˇ

/kʰä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ kä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ kɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ kä³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʰä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵ kɤ³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡴᠠᠰᡳᡤᠠᡵ (kasigar), from Written Oirat ᡍᠠᠱᡅᡎᠠᠷ (xašiɣar), from Classical Persian کاشغر (Kāšġar).
Compare also Uyghur قەشقەر (qeshqer), Chagatai قاشقار (Qāšqār /Qäšqär/); Classical Tibetan ཁ་ཤི་ཀར (kha shi kar); etc.

2018/08/02, 尼克・霍史達克（Nick Holdstock）, 文革對維吾爾的迫害，讓新疆自治區永遠無法「自治」, The News Lens

Dāng wǒ cānguān Tūhūlǔ Tièmù'ér Hàn — zuìhòu yī wèi Cháhétái Ménggǔ kěhàn, dàlì gǔwǔ Yīsīlánjiào zài gāi dìqū de chuánbò — de shènglíng shí, guǎnlǐ rén gàosù wǒ hóngwèibīng qiángpò cūnmín bǎ zhū zhī yǎng zài shènglíng lǐmiàn, Xīnjiāng dàbùfēn dìqū dōu chūxiàn zhèyàng de xiūrǔ xíngwéi, Kàshígé''ěr yǒu ge nánrén zài yī wèi péngyǒu de háizi chūshì shí lǎngsòng Gǔlánjīng, tā bèipò tú hēiliǎn, qí zài lǘzi shàng yóujiē shìzhòng, bìng názhùzhe yīge shàngmiàn xiězhe “wǒ bùgāi xìn jiù guī” de páizǐ.

當我參觀禿忽魯·帖木兒汗——最後一位察合台蒙古可汗，大力鼓舞伊斯蘭教在該地區的傳播——的聖陵時，管理人告訴我紅衛兵強迫村民把豬隻養在聖陵裡面，新疆大部分地區都出現這樣的羞辱行為，喀什噶爾有個男人在一位朋友的孩子出世時朗誦古蘭經，他被迫塗黑臉、騎在驢子上遊街示眾，並拿著着一個上面寫著「我不該信舊規」的牌子。

当我参观秃忽鲁·帖木儿汗——最后一位察合台蒙古可汗，大力鼓舞伊斯兰教在该地区的传播——的圣陵时，管理人告诉我红卫兵强迫村民把猪只养在圣陵里面，新疆大部分地区都出现这样的羞辱行为，喀什噶尔有个男人在一位朋友的孩子出世时朗诵古兰经，他被迫涂黑脸、骑在驴子上游街示众，并拿著着一个上面写着「我不该信旧规」的牌子。

(historical or poetic) Kashgar (a city in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


尉犁

/wɐt̚⁵ lɐi̯²¹/

/wɐt̚⁵ lɐi̯²¹/

First attested in the Book of Han.
The etymology was discussed in detail in the article On the Place Name Yuli and Rouran (《尉犁地名和柔然源流考》) by Li Shuhui (李树辉).
The name Yuli was postulated to have come from Turkic (J)yrægir (“one who is stationed; one who stays”), the name of a Turkic clan, and derived from yræ- (verb form yryk, “to be stationed in”) + -gir (adjectival suffix).
Both (J)yrægir and yryk were said to be recorded in the ancient dictionary Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, although the exact Arabic-script forms are unknown, perhaps اُرَكِرْ (Üregir), يُرَكِرْ (Yüregir), the 15th clan of the Oghuz.

lang

《尉犁地名和柔然源流考》

《尉犁地名和柔然源流考》

(～縣) Yuli (a county of Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)

(～鎮) Yuli (a town in Yuli, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


天馬

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ maː¹³/

(～街道) Tianma (a subdistrict of Changshan, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China)


臨川

/lin³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/lin³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～郡) (historical) Linchuan Commandery (an ancient commandery in modern-day Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China)

(～區, formerly ～縣, ～市) Linchuan District (a district of Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China)


元謀

/ɥɛn³⁵ moʊ̯³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ mɐu̯²¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ moʊ̯³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ mɐu̯²¹/

(～縣) Yuanmou (a county of Chuxiong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


Ulan

The lake is situated in Ulan county, Haixi autonomous prefecture, in western China’s Qinghai province. The blue skies reflected off the surface of the crystallised saline water have given it the name “Mirror of the Sky”, and it attracted millions of tourists in the first half of 2018.

2018 July 31, Zhou Jiaquan, “Hordes of tourists damaging Chinese salt lake’s pristine environment with discarded plastic”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-07-31, China:

A county of Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China.


北戴河

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ taːi̯³³ hɔː²¹/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ taɪ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ taːi̯³³ hɔː²¹/

(～區) Beidaihe (a district of Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China)


北票

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/pɐk̚⁵ pʰiːu̯³³/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/pɐk̚⁵ pʰiːu̯³³/

(～市) Beipiao (a county-level city of Chaoyang, Liaoning, China)


十三行

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ sän⁵⁵ xɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐp̚² saːm⁵⁵ hɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ sän⁵⁵ xɑŋ³⁵/

/sɐp̚² saːm⁵⁵ hɔːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

(historical) Thirteen Factories (a former neighborhood along the Pearl River in the Xiguan area in Liwan district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, existing from c. 1684 to 1856)


原平

/ɥɛn³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/ɥɛn³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/jyːn²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

(～市) Yuanping (a county-level city of Xinzhou, Shanxi, China)


Liangshan

Xiao Fuhua, 33, whose wife and three children are in Liangshan, in southern Sichuan Province, said he has been unable to reach his family.[…]
It's said that the earthquake in Liangshan is not very big, but I'm still worried because my family lives in a mountainous area. And once an earthquake strikes Langshan^([sic – meaning Liangshan]) it will be very terrible."

2008 May 14, David Barboza, “Workers on Chinese coast struggle after devastating earthquake back home”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-09-14, Asia Pacific:

Every two weeks, when the students, ages 6 to 15, return from boarding school, they climb a chain of 17 bamboo ladders, secured to a sheer cliff face and leading some 2,625 feet up, according to reports.
Locals say the ladders — which lead through treacherous terrain in the Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture in Sichuan province — have been there nearly as long as the village.

2016 May 27, Lindsey Bever, “Chinese schoolkids climb a 2,625-foot cliffside ladder to get home. Soon, they’ll have stairs.”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-06-02, World:

Two people were missing after the landslide in mountainous Sichuan province's Liangshan, while one person was pulled out alive, the government said in a statement on its official microblog.

2017 August 8, Ben Blanchard, “Landslide in southwest China kills 23”, in Nick Macfie, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-03-22, Environment:

autonomous prefecture
autonomous prefecture

An autonomous prefecture of Sichuan, China.


鼎湖

/tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/tɪŋ³⁵ wuː²¹/

/tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/tɪŋ³⁵ wuː²¹/

(～區) Dinghu (a district of Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China)


愛河

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ hɔː²¹/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ ho²⁴/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ho²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ ho¹³/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ ho²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ hɤ²³/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/ɔːi̯³³ hɔː²¹/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ ho²⁴/

/ai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ho²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁵³ ho¹³/

/ai¹¹⁻⁵³ ho²⁴/

/ai²¹⁻⁴¹ hɤ²³/

Ai River (the largest tributary on the right (Chinese) side of the Yalu/Amnok River in southeast Liaoning, China)


Tibeta

Tibeta (nominative singular)
Tibetas (genitive singular)
Tibetai (dative singular)
Tibetu (accusative singular)
Tibetu (instrumental singular)
Tibetā (locative singular)
Tibeta (singular vocative)


Šanhaja

Šanhaja (nominative singular)
Šanhajas (genitive singular)
Šanhajai (dative singular)
Šanhaju (accusative singular)
Šanhaju (instrumental singular)
Šanhajā (locative singular)
Šanhaja (singular vocative)

Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)


Shanwei

He had reached the retirement age of fifty-five in 1957, after being first employed by the Government as a young man. Born in Kowloon about 1903, he was taken back to Shan Wei in eastern Kwangtung (Fig. 3.1) at age eight for his primary education comprising four or five years in a private school with over a hundred students.

[1975, Cornelius Osgood, “The Man Who Retired”, in The Chinese: A Study of a Hong Kong Community, volume 1, Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 370:

Residents reached by telephone said Dongzhou, a farming and fishing village 14 miles southeast of Shanwei city, in Guangdong province near Hong Kong, was quiet Friday for the second night in a row. But checkpoints were reinforced on roads leading in and out of the village, leaving its 10,000 residents blocked in unless they traveled by sea or walked circuitous routes.

2005 December 9, Edward Cody, “Chinese Police Intensify Lockdown of Villagers”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-10-13:

The government of Shanwei, the prefecture-level city that includes Wukan, later blamed news media outlets from outside the Chinese mainland, including Apple Daily and Initium Media from Hong Kong, of “instigation, planning and direction” in Wukan.

2016 June 21, Austin Ramzy, “Chinese Official Whose Arrest Stirred Protests Confesses to Taking Bribes”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-06-21, Asia Pacific:

A prefecture-level city in eastern Guangdong, China.


Liampó

Ningbo (a port-city, prefecture-level city, and subprovincial city of Zhejiang, China)


मंगोलिया

hi-proper noun

मंगोलिया • (maṅgoliyā) m (Urdu spelling منگولیا)

maṅgoliyā (romanization)
منگولیا (Urdu)
मंगोलिया (direct singular)
मंगोलिया (oblique singular)
मंगोलिया (singular vocative)

(chiefly historical) Mongolia (a Mongolian-speaking geographic region in East Asia, including the country of Mongolia (Outer Mongolia), the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia in China, and sometimes also Buryatia, Tuva and the Altai Republic in Russia)


函谷關

Ханьгу Гуань

/xän³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/haːm²¹ kʊk̚⁵ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/xän³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/haːm²¹ kʊk̚⁵ kʷaːn⁵⁵/


Kunshan

Borrowed from Mandarin 崑山 /昆山 (Kūnshān).

An armed conflict between Hua Kuo-feng’s supporters and elements of the “gang of four” in Kunshan County, Kiangsu Province, ended with about 200 killed in mid-November, according to an intelligence report reaching Taipei Dec. 14.

1976 December 19, “Armed conflict incidents rise”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVII, number 50, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

A county-level city of Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.


海原

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/

(～縣) Haiyuan County (a county of the Ningxia autonomous region, China)


建甌

→ English: Chien-ou, Jian'ou, Kienow

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kiːn³³ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kyoŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋɛu⁵⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ au⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kiːn³³ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/kyoŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋɛu⁵⁵/

/kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ au⁴⁴/

(～市) Jian'ou (a county-level city of Nanping, Fujian, China)


Dongxiang

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 東鄉 /东乡 (Dōngxiāng).

The most recent census found 513,000 Dongxiang people in China, and an overwhelming majority live in and around Dongxiang County. Of the 25 townships in the county, 19 do not have a single Chinese person. Most people do not speak Chinese, and some, like Mr. Tie, have only a vague notion of China, despite living in the middle of it.

2006 March 19, Jim Yardley, “Deep in China, a Poor and Pious Muslim Enclave”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-08-21, Asia Pacific:

An autonomous county of Linxia prefecture, Gansu, China.


Dongxiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 東庠 /东庠 (Dōngxiáng).

A township in Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.

An island of Dongxiang, Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.


羊八井

/jɑŋ³⁵ pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jœːŋ²¹ paːt̚³ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

/jɑŋ³⁵ pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jœːŋ²¹ paːt̚³ t͡sɛːŋ³⁵/

(～鎮) Yangbajain (a town in Damxung, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


走馬

/t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐu̯³⁵ maː¹³/

/t͡sau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/t͡sau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ be⁴¹/

/t͡soʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɐu̯³⁵ maː¹³/

/t͡sau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/t͡sau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ be⁴¹/

(～鎮) Zouma (a town in Hefeng, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China)


東鄉

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ³³ hiɔŋ³³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiaŋ⁴⁴/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ³³ hiɔŋ³³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiaŋ⁴⁴/

～族自治縣 東鄉族自治縣#Chinese

(～族自治縣) Dongxiang (an autonomous county of Linxia prefecture, Gansu, China)

(～區, formerly ～縣) Dongxiang (a district and former county of Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China)


西嶺

/ɕi⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Two golden orioles sing amid the willows green;
A flock of white egrets flies into the blue sky.
My window frames the snow-crowned western mountain scene;
My door oft says to eastward-going ships “Goodbye!”.

Tang dynasty, Du Fu (杜甫), 《絕句》 (A Quatrain), translated by Xu Yuanchong

Liǎng ge huánglí míng cuìliǔ, yī háng báilù shàng qīngtiān. Chuāng hán xīlǐng qiānqiū xuě, mén bó dōngwú wànlǐ chuán.

兩個黃鸝鳴翠柳，一行白鷺上青天。窗含西嶺千秋雪，門泊東吳萬里船。

两个黄鹂鸣翠柳，一行白鹭上青天。窗含西岭千秋雪，门泊东吴万里船。

(～雪山) Xiling (a mountain in western Chengdu)


廬陵

(～郡) Luling Commandery (an ancient commandery in modern Jiangxi)

(～縣) Luling County (an ancient county in modern Jiangxi)


Mount Tai

Partial calque of Mandarin 泰山 (Tàishān).

He dedicated Mount Tai to the worship of the genii, and raised a sacred mound at the foot of the mountain.

1879, Robert K. Douglas, Confucianism and Taouism, London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, →OCLC, →OL, page 240:

Mount T’ai bestrides the Ch’i and Lu districts [of' Shantung], while its most remarkable scenery is at Lung-yen.

[1985, Early Chinese Texts on Painting, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 182:

The Feng and Shan were probably the state rituals in premodern China imbued with the most momentous religious and political symbolism. Traditionally held at Mount T’ai 泰山 and a nearby hill in modern Shantung 山東, the rituals represented a confirmation of the ruler’s receipt of the Heavenly Mandate.

[1994, Chen Jo-shui, “Empress Wu and Proto-Feminist Sentiments in T’ang China”, in Frederick P. Brandauer, Chün-chieh Huang, editors, Imperial Rulership and Cultural Change in Traditional China, Seattle, London: University of Washington Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 83:

Mount Tai, in the eastern province of Shandong, represents longevity in Chinese tradition.

2016 February 15, Didi Kirsten Tatlow, “China’s Legal Professionals, Under Limits at Home, Note Scalia’s Death”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-02-15, Asia Pacific:

Taishan, or Mount Tai, is China’s most sacred mountain. For centuries, emperors climbed it to pay homage to heaven and earth. Philosopher Confucius is said to have stood at the towering top, looked down and pronounced the world a small place indeed.

2017 May 9, Louise Watt, “Climbing Mount Tai: 6,000 steps up China’s sacred mountain”, in AP News, sourced from TAISHAN, China (AP), archived from the original on 2025-02-08:

A mountain in Taishan district, Tai'an, Shandong, China.


Yunfu

(44) WESTERN KUANGTUNG
[...]Tatai Formation. Ferruginous sandstone interstratified with beds of limonite which contain Tertiary plants. A thick conglomerate or breccia cemented by ferruginous sands and clays forms the basal part. Typically developed at Tataiyung and Shanshuiwei in the vicinity of the city of Yunfu.

1939, J. S. Lee, The Geology of China, London: Thomas Murby & Co., →OCLC, page 478:

China's 13 large foreign fertilizer plants ordered a few years ago are all scheduled to be in operation in a year or two.[…]China's biggest pyrite mine (openpit), being built in Yunfu, Kwangtung Province, was near completion.

1978 November 9, K. P. Wang, “China's Mineral Economy”, in Chinese Economy Post-Mao: A Compendium of Papers, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 387:

The fields of Aoshi and surrounding hamlets have been swallowed up by economic development unfurling at breakneck speed across the plains and hills here in Guangdong province, about 175 miles northwest of Hong Kong.
Like the stooped peasant working the soil, many farmers here have been reduced to tilling vacant strips along the borders of new buildings and construction sites, raising crops on ground that is no longer legally theirs to work. Their land, on the edge of fast-growing Yunfu city, has been marked for development, and they have been marked for obsolescence.

2006 March 26, Edward Cody, “Bulldozed by Growth, Stonewalled by Government Pleas by Peasant Farmers for Fair Payment for Land Are Left Unanswered”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-08-27:

Mr. Yan, the general manager of Yunfu Citistone Manufactory, a maker of decorative tiles and wash basins located in Yunfu, a city in southern China’s Guangdong province, said he had resisted cutting prices even as each dollar in export revenue covered more renminbi of his costs.

2014 April 25, Keith Bradsher, “A Policy-Making Mystery in the Renminbi’s Decline”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-04-26, International Business:

A prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China.


四邑

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

/sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/

Meronyms: 新會縣 /新会县 (“Sunwui (Xinhui) County”), 新寧縣 /新宁县 (“Sunning (Xinning) County”), 開平縣 /开平县 (“Hoiping (Kaiping) County”), 恩平縣 /恩平县 (“Yanping (Enping) County”)

Meronyms: 新會區 /新会区 (“Xinhui District”), 台山市 (Táishān shì, “Taishan City”), 開平市 /开平市 (Kāipíng shì, “Kaiping City”), 恩平市 (Ēnpíng shì, “Enping City”)

Meronyms: 會邑 /会邑 (Huìyì, “"Wui" County”), 寧邑 /宁邑 (Níngyì, “"Ning" County”), 開邑 /开邑 (Kāiyì, “"Hoi" County”), 恩邑 (Ēnyì, “"Yan" County”)

Siyi, Sze Yup, Four Counties (a region of Jiangmen, Guangdong, China)


特克斯

Borrowed from Manchu ᡨᡝᡴᡝᠰ (tekes), from Written Oirat ᡐᡄᡍᡄᠰ (tekes).

tʻê⁴-kʻo⁴-ssŭ¹

/tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

/tʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰɤ⁵¹ sz̩⁵⁵/

(～縣) Tekes County (a county of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Bengbu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 蚌埠 (Bèngbù).

Pengpu (alternative)
Peng-pu (alternative)

The 2nd Army Group was to the west along the railroad to Kaifeng, while the 16th Army Group was situated to the south along the rail line to Pengpu (Peng-pu) on the Huai River.[…]
Jiang’s last effort was to commit his Sixth Army from Pengpu, but its advance ground to a halt under fierce PLA guerrilla attacks.

[2011, “Battle of Huaihai”, in Battles that Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 558–559:

Individuals with deposits of up to 100,000 yuan ($14,787) will be repaid, the Henan branch of the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (CBIRC) and the provincial financial bureau said in a joint statement.
Authorities in Anhui's Bengbu city made a similar statement, saying it will start repaying clients at a bank there with deposits of 50,000-100,000 yuan.

2022 July 21, Ryan Woo, Samuel Shen, “China to repay more depositors to defuse rural bank scandal”, in Muralikumar Anantharaman, Simon Cameron-Moore, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-07-25, Finance:

A prefecture-level city of Anhui, China.


Žlutá řeka

Žlutá řeka (nominative singular)
Žluté řeky (nominative plural)
Žluté řeky (genitive singular)
Žlutých řek (genitive plural)
Žluté řece (dative singular)
Žlutým řekám (dative plural)
Žlutou řeku (accusative singular)
Žluté řeky (accusative plural)
Žlutá řeko (singular vocative)
Žluté řeky (plural vocative)
Žluté řece (locative singular)
Žlutých řekách (locative plural)
Žlutou řekou (instrumental singular)
Žlutými řekami (instrumental plural)

Yellow River, Huang He (a major river in northern China, passing through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces as well as Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions)


庫倫

/kʰu⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/fuː³³ lɵn²¹/

/kʰu⁵¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/fuː³³ lɵn²¹/

Qing-era transcription of Manchu ᡴᡠᡵᡝᠨ (kuren), which was borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ (küriyen, oblique of ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ (küriy-e)).

der

oblique of <i class="Mong mention" lang="cmg">ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ</i> (küriy-e)

(～旗) Hure (a banner in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China)


常青

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²¹ t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵/

(～街道) Changqing (a subdistrict of Jianghan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


Dezhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 德州 (Dézhōu).

In the winter of 1866-7 Messrs. Stanley and Williams made a tour to Têchou, Shantung, about 160 miles to the south, and later Messrs. Stanley and Goodrich made the same trip.

[1907, “American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. A. B. C. F. M. (美國公理會), 1810.”, in D. MacGillivray, editor, A Century of Protestant Missions in China (1807-1907) Being the Centenary Conference Historical Volume, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, →OCLC, page 269:

A driving teacher in China is using an unorthodox method to get his students to drive with more care. He calls it the “fatal blow” method. Basically, students have to manoeuvre the car with skill or risk crushing their smartphones... or those of their classmates.
An amateur video documenting this unique technique was posted on April 10 on the Beijing Time YouTube channel. It was filmed at “Jade horse” driving school in Dezhou, a town located 300 kilometres south of Beijing in China’s Shandong province.

2018 April 18, “Chinese driving school makes students put phones on line”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2018-04-18:

A prefecture-level city of Shandong, China.


কাশ্মীৰ

head

কাশ্মীৰ • (kasmir)

as-prpn

কাশ্মীৰ • (kasmir)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कश्मीर (kaśmīra).

lbor

Kashmir (a contested geographic region of South Asia in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, located between (and de facto divided between) India, Pakistan and China)


Urumči

Ürümqi (a prefecture-level city, the capital of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Kašgar

Kašgar (nominative singular)
Kašgar (accusative nominative singular)
Kašgarin (accusative genitive singular)
Kašgarin (genitive singular)
Kašgaria (partitive singular)
Kašgarissa (inessive singular)
Kašgarista (elative singular)
Kašgariin (illative singular)
Kašgarilla (adessive singular)
Kašgarilta (ablative singular)
Kašgarille (allative singular)
Kašgarina (essive singular)
Kašgariksi (singular translative)
Kašgaritta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Kašgarini (nominative singular)
Kašgarini (accusative nominative singular)
Kašgarini (accusative genitive singular)
Kašgarini (genitive singular)
Kašgariani (partitive singular)
Kašgarissani (inessive singular)
Kašgaristani (elative singular)
Kašgariini (illative singular)
Kašgarillani (adessive singular)
Kašgariltani (ablative singular)
Kašgarilleni (allative singular)
Kašgarinani (essive singular)
Kašgarikseni (singular translative)
Kašgarittani (abessive singular)
Kašgarisi (nominative singular)
Kašgarisi (accusative nominative singular)
Kašgarisi (accusative genitive singular)
Kašgarisi (genitive singular)
Kašgariasi (partitive singular)
Kašgarissasi (inessive singular)
Kašgaristasi (elative singular)
Kašgariisi (illative singular)
Kašgarillasi (adessive singular)
Kašgariltasi (ablative singular)
Kašgarillesi (allative singular)
Kašgarinasi (essive singular)
Kašgariksesi (singular translative)
Kašgarittasi (abessive singular)
Kašgarimme (nominative singular)
Kašgarimme (accusative nominative singular)
Kašgarimme (accusative genitive singular)
Kašgarimme (genitive singular)
Kašgariamme (partitive singular)
Kašgarissamme (inessive singular)
Kašgaristamme (elative singular)
Kašgariimme (illative singular)
Kašgarillamme (adessive singular)
Kašgariltamme (ablative singular)
Kašgarillemme (allative singular)
Kašgarinamme (essive singular)
Kašgariksemme (singular translative)
Kašgarittamme (abessive singular)
Kašgarinne (nominative singular)
Kašgarinne (accusative nominative singular)
Kašgarinne (accusative genitive singular)
Kašgarinne (genitive singular)
Kašgarianne (partitive singular)
Kašgarissanne (inessive singular)
Kašgaristanne (elative singular)
Kašgariinne (illative singular)
Kašgarillanne (adessive singular)
Kašgariltanne (ablative singular)
Kašgarillenne (allative singular)
Kašgarinanne (essive singular)
Kašgariksenne (singular translative)
Kašgarittanne (abessive singular)
Kašgarinsa (nominative singular)
Kašgarinsa (accusative nominative singular)
Kašgarinsa (accusative genitive singular)
Kašgarinsa (genitive singular)
Kašgariaan (partitive singular)
Kašgariansa (partitive singular)
Kašgarissaan (inessive singular)
Kašgarissansa (inessive singular)
Kašgaristaan (elative singular)
Kašgaristansa (elative singular)
Kašgariinsa (illative singular)
Kašgarillaan (adessive singular)
Kašgarillansa (adessive singular)
Kašgariltaan (ablative singular)
Kašgariltansa (ablative singular)
Kašgarilleen (allative singular)
Kašgarillensa (allative singular)
Kašgarinaan (essive singular)
Kašgarinansa (essive singular)
Kašgarikseen (singular translative)
Kašgariksensa (singular translative)
Kašgarittaan (abessive singular)
Kašgarittansa (abessive singular)

der

Persian کَاشْغَر

Kashgar (a city in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


滿天星

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/muːn¹³ tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/buan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰiɛn³³ siɪŋ³³/

/buan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/buan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/buan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/muã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰĩ³³ t͡sʰĩ³³/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/muã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/män²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/muːn¹³ tʰiːn⁵⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/buan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰiɛn³³ siɪŋ³³/

/buan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/buan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/buan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/muã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰĩ³³ t͡sʰĩ³³/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/muã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/muã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

(～村) Mantianxing (a village in Yonglong, Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China)


浩罕

/xɑʊ̯⁵¹ xän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/xɑʊ̯⁵¹ xän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鄉) Qoghan, Haohan (a township in Kashgar, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


歸化

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/

/ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/kʷɐi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/

(～城) Guihua (one of the two towns that merged to form Guisui, or modern Hohhot in Inner Mongolia autonomous region)


焉耆

/jɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

/jɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵/

Possibly from Proto-Tocharian *Ārke-, name of the historical capital city of the Agneans, which gave rise to the endonym in Tocharian A Ārśi (Adams, 2013; see also Ji, 1998v4). First attested in the Book of Han. In Sanskrit sources, the city's name is conflated with अग्नि (agni, “fire”), which was likely unrelated.

～回族自治縣 焉耆回族自治縣#Chinese

Yanqi Hui Autonomous County
w:Yanqi Hui Autonomous County

(～回族自治縣, ～縣) Yanqi Hui Autonomous County (a county of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


南詔

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (南詔):
* → Japanese: 南(なん)詔(しょう) (Nanshō)
* → Korean: 남조(南詔) (Namjo)
* → Vietnamese: Nam Chiếu (南詔)

desc

→ Shan: လၢၼ်ႉၸဝ်ႈ (lâ̰an tsāo)

→ Shan: လၢၼ်ႉၸဝ်ႈ (lâ̰an tsāo)

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/nän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/

(historical) Nanzhao (a kingdom that flourished in present-day Yunnan, China, between 739 and 902 CE)

(～鎮) Nanzhao (a town in Zhao'an, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)

(～鎮) Nanzhao (a town in Weishan, Dali prefecture, Yunnan, China)


圍場

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/wɐi̯²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

～滿族蒙古族自治縣 圍場滿族蒙古族自治縣#Chinese

(～滿族蒙古族自治縣) Weichang (a Manchu and Mongol autonomous county of the prefecture-level city of Chengde, Hebei, China)


ཉིང་ཁྲི

→ Chinese: 林芝 (Línzhī)

/ȵiŋ˩˨.ʈ͡ʂʰi˥˥/

Nyingchi (a prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


土坑

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɤŋ⁵⁵/

(～村) Tukeng (a village in Mawan, Tianmen, Hubei, China)


Haidong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 海東 /海东 (Hǎidōng).

[Excerpts] According to a report by this station's correspondent, all counties under Haidong Prefecture [a new prefecture in Qinghai Province] are striving to strengthen agriculture by mobilizing available manpower, material and financial resources.

1979 July 25 [1979 July 22], “QINGHAI: XINING PLANS TO PUSH AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 144, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Xining Qinghai Provincial Service, translation of original in Mandarin, →OCLC, page T 1:

The exercise is complicated by the fact that populations in borderland areas are often mixed within a single county, although segregation might still remain very distinct. For instance, in Xunhua Salar Autonomous County of the Haidong District in Qinghai, the birthplace of the 10th Panchen Lama, Tibetans account for about one-fifth of the population. However, this Tibetan population remains very homogeneous in the higher-altitude townships of the county to this day, while Salar Muslims dominate the lower-altitude townships and towns, and this pattern of segregation pre-dates the twentieth century.

2008 [2002], Andrew M. Fischer, “44. Dalai and his followers claim that 7.5 million Han have been emigrated to Tibet, and that Tibetans have become a minority nationality in the region. Is that true?”, in Anne-Marie Blondeau, Katia Buffetrille, editors, Le Tibet est-il chinois? Résponses à cent questions chinoises [Authenticating Tibet: Answers to China's 100 Questions], University of California Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 146:

Authorities in Qinghai’s Haidong prefecture, where the second protest took place, either could not be reached or said they had no information on the case.

2013 February 26, “Tibetan monks self-immolate in anti-China protest”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-27:

Three Tibetans from Qinghai Province have been given prison sentences for “inciting state secession,” according to a statement on an official provincial Web site. On Monday, a court in Haidong Prefecture sentenced the Tibetans — Kalsang Dhondup, Jigme Thabkey and Lobsang — to terms of six, five and four years, respectively.

2013 March 21, Edward Wong, “3 Tibetans Sentenced in Immolation Cases”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-03-21, Asia Pacific:

Tanwang did not need to worry about the collectors demanding money. That same day, I talked to a group of Mongour from Minhe County in Haidong Region. I asked them whether they would demand return of the permit fees.

2016, Tsering Bum, Guardians of Nature: Tibetan Pastoralists and the Natural World, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 165:

A prefecture-level city of Qinghai, China, formerly a prefecture.


焉耆回族自治縣

ㄧㄢ ㄑㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄧㄢ ㄑㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

Яньци Хуэйцзу Цзычжисянь

/jɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi³⁵ xu̯eɪ̯³⁵ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/jiːn⁵⁵ kʰei̯²¹ wuːi̯²¹ t͡sʊk̚² t͡siː²² t͡siː²² jyːn²²/


圍場滿族蒙古族自治縣

ㄨㄟˊ ㄔㄤˇ ㄇㄢˇ ㄗㄨˊ ㄇㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

ㄨㄟˊ ㄔㄤˊ ㄇㄢˇ ㄗㄨˊ ㄇㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄗㄨˊ ㄗˋ ㄓˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ

wai⁴ coeng⁴ mun⁵ zuk⁶ mung⁴ gu² zuk⁶ zi⁶ zi⁶ jyun⁶

Wéichǎng Mǎnzú Ménggǔzú Zìzhìxiàn [Phonetic:wéichángmǎnzúménggǔzúzìzhìxiàn]

Wei²-chʻang³ Man³-tsu² Mêng²-ku³-tsu² Tzŭ⁴-chih⁴-hsien⁴

Wéi-chǎng Mǎn-dzú Méng-gǔ-dzú Dz̀-jr̀-syàn

Weichaang Maantzwu Mengguutzwu Tzyhjyhshiann

Вэйчан Маньцзу Мэнгуцзу Цзычжисянь

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ män²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Wei²-chʻang² Man³-tsu² Mêng²-ku³-tsu² Tzŭ⁴-chih⁴-hsien⁴

Wéi-cháng Mǎn-dzú Méng-gǔ-dzú Dz̀-jr̀-syàn

Weicharng Maantzwu Mengguutzwu Tzyhjyhshiann

/weɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ män²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵ mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

wàih chèuhng múhn juhk mùhng gú juhk jih jih yuhn

wai⁴ tsoeng⁴ mun⁵ dzuk⁹ mung⁴ gu² dzuk⁹ dzi⁶ dzi⁶ jyn⁶

wei⁴ cêng⁴ mun⁵ zug⁶ mung⁴ gu² zug⁶ ji⁶ ji⁶ yun⁶

/wɐi̯²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ muːn¹³ t͡sʊk̚² mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵ t͡sʊk̚² t͡siː²² t͡siː²² jyːn²²/

w:Weichang Manchu and Mongol Autonomous County

Weichang Manchu and Mongol Autonomous County (an autonomous county of Chengde, Hebei, China)


臭港

/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐu̯³³ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɐu̯³³ kɔːŋ³⁵/

By replacing 香 (xiāng, “fragrant”) in 香港 (Xiānggǎng) with antonym 臭 (chòu, “smelly; stinky”).

(derogatory or self-deprecatory) derogatory name for Hong Kong: a city and special administrative region in southeast China


張廣才嶺

ㄓㄤ ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄘㄞˊ ㄌㄧㄥˇ

ㄓㄤ ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄘㄞˊ ㄌㄧㄥˇ

Чжангуанцайлин

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

From Manchu ᠵᡠᠯᡤᡝᠨ
ᠰᠠᡳᠨ
ᠠᠯᡳᠨ (julgen sain alin).

der

ᠵᡠᠯᡤᡝᠨ ᠰᠠᡳᠨ ᠠᠯᡳᠨ

Zhangguangcai Range
w:Zhangguangcai Range

Zhangguangcai Range (a mountain range in Northeast China)


依蘭

Clipping of Manchu ᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᡥᠠᠯᠠ (ilan hala, literally “three surnames/clans”).

bor

(～縣) Yilan (a county of Harbin, Heilongjiang, China)


法庫

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu⁵¹/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰu⁵¹/

Borrowed from Manchu ᡶᠠᡴᡡ (fakū, “fishing weir”).

(～縣) Faku (a county of Shenyang, Liaoning, China)


南華

/nän³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/nän³⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

(～縣) Nanhua (a county of Chuxiong prefecture, Yunnan, China)


大柵欄

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ län³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹ lɑɻ⁵¹/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹ län³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹ lɑɻ⁵¹/


Chinchew

/t͡ʃɪnˈt͡ʃuː/

Uncertain. Either:
* Borrowed from Spanish Chincheo directly or indirectly via Portuguese Chincheo, ultimately from Hokkien 漳州 (Cheng-chiu, “Chiangchew/Zhangzhou”, IPA: /t͡ɕiɪŋ³³ t͡ɕiu³³/) specifically of the Quanzhou Hokkien dialect pronunciation, according to Van der Loon (1967), Boxer (1953) and the 1902 Encyclopedia from older late 1800s records, due to European sailors initially denoting on maps the Bay of Amoy and surrounding areas as "漳州" with various transcriptions such as "Chiochiu", "Chanchiu", "Chincheo", etc. as per Van der Loon (1967).
* From a supposed previous "Tsuien-chow" romanization, from Mandarin 泉州 (Quánzhōu, IPA: /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/) according to Duncan (1902)
Compare Chiangchew. See also Hokkien 晉江 /晋江 (Chìn-kang), 泉州 (Choân-chiu), 漳州 (Chiang-chiu / Cheng-chiu), 漳江.

cog

IPA: /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

The Lamyet (or Nanjeih) islands are situated to the northeastward of Chinchew bay, the nearest distant about forty miles. The mainland, leaving its usual northeastern direction, runs out due east for above thirty miles, and the first of the Lamyet islands lies off the easternmost point of it. From hence there is an almost uninterrupted series of islands and islets, up to the mouth of the Yangtsze keäng. The Lamyet islands are opposite to the entrance of a deep bay, at the bottom of which is the city of Hinghwa foo, the capital of the most fertile portion of Fuhkeën. This bay, however, has not yet been visited by foreigners. The outermost of the Lamyet islands, named by Ross Ocksou, was found, when passed by the ships of Lord Amherst’s embassy, to be in lat .24° 59' 15" north, lon. 119° 34' 30" east. About thirty miles further to the northward, we pass between an island of peculiar form and the main. This island is named Haetan, the altar of the sea ; in shape it is semicircular, and of nearly equal breadth throughout. A few miles above this island we reach the mouth of the river Min.

1837 May, “Coast of China: the division of it into four portions ; brief description of the principal places on the southeastern, eastern, and northeastern portions.”, in The Chinese Repository, volume VI, number 1, Canton, →OCLC, pages 12–13:

It was then suggested that if two more men were ready perhaps it would be well to appoint them for the region north of us, to carry the Gospel to the villages and towns between Amoy and Chinchew and see whether the way might not be open to begin operations in that city. Chinchew is an important city near the seacoast, about one-third of the way from Amoy to Foochovv. The suggestion concerning the appointment of men for Chinchew was new to us.

1894, John Gerardus Fagg, Forty Years in South China, New York: Anson D. F. Randolph & Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 135:

They holed easily; once, off Chinchew, when Dent’s Lord Amherst chose to send a few warning rounds over the heads of several anchored rather too close, a gun happened to hang fire until the ship rolled, and she accidentally put a ball smack into one and saw her fill and go down.

1975, Peter Ward Fay, The Opium War 1840-1842, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, published 1997, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 124:

Worcester (1972, 22) indicates that the whitewash used on ships around Chinchew, China, contains wood oil extracted from the poisonous seeds of Dryandra cordifolia which prevents attack by sea worms.

1989, Gunnar Thompson, Nu Sun, Fresno, CA: Pioneer Publishing Co., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 214:

Sailing under Spanish colours with his cousin William McKay at the helm, Matheson left the safe haven of Canton and headed north to Chinchew (Quanzhou), in Fujian. There, Matheson managed to offload $80,000- (over £17,000)- worth of the drug — enough to persuade him to return in the autumn - when storms forced his ship to take shelter 30 miles short of Chinchew in what turned out to be the region’s principal opium port.

2016, Liam Byrne, “William Jardine”, in Dragons: Ten Entrepreneurs Who Built Britain, Head of Zeus, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 227:

Rizal’s great, great grandfather named Domingo Lamco (also called Lam-co, Cua Yi Lam in Hokkien or Ke Yi-nan in Mandarin) was a native of Sionque, in the Chinchew district of the province of Fookien. He migrated to the Philippines due to political unrest in China and settled in Calamba in 1697.

2019 April 21, Jojie Alcantara, “The Jose Rizal Square in Jinjiang, China”, in SunStar, archived from the original on 2023-04-01:

(dated) Quanzhou (a city in southern Fujian, China).


樹頭

/ʂu⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/syː²² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰiu³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/ʂu⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/syː²² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰiu³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

(～村) Shutou (a village in Wudian, Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China)


Shigatse

From Tibetan གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ (gzhis ka rtse).

Xigazê (alternative)
Xigaze (alternative)
Zhikatse (alternative)

Far different in character and general disposition is the Penchen Rinpoche (or, as generally called by us, the Tashi Lama) of the great monastery of Tashi-lhunpo near Shigatse.

1905, Perceval Landon, The Opening of Tibet: An Account of Lhasa and the Country and People of Central Tibet and of the Progress of the Mission Sent There by the English Government in the Year 1903-4, New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., →OCLC, page 444:

Truck convoys, carrying troops as well as supplies, have been shuttling between Shigatse and the border area, the source said.
"Such traffic has also been very heavy on the Shigatse-Yatung highway and the Shigatse-Gartok highway," the source added.

1973 April 22, “Troops concentrate on Tibet-Sikkim border”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIV, number 15, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

The Pundit described Shigatse as being three-quarters of a mile long and half a mile wide, surrounded by fertile soil, with a population of nine thousand and garrisoned by a force of one hundred Chinese and four hundred Tibetan soldiers.

1990, Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia, University Press of Kentucky, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 48:

In a similar case, on September 23, 2014, more than 1,000 local Tibetans of Dokar and Zibuk villages (Lhundrup County, Shigatse Prefecture) near Lhasa, the Tibetan capital city protested against the poisoning of their rivers by the Gyama Copper Poly-metallic Mine.

2018, Central Tibetan Administration, Tibet was Never a Part of China: but the Middle Way Approach Remains a Viable Solution, New Delhi: Norbu Graphics, →ISBN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-10-08, page 147:

Tenzin Dolkar, who later began using Tendol, a variation of her first name, was born in the central Tibetan town of Shigatse (also known as Xigaze) on Dec. 2, 1951, according to her Swiss passport.

2020 May 15, Stephen Kurczy, “Tendol Gyalzur, Refugee Who Founded Orphanages in Tibet, Dies”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-05-15, THOSE WE’VE LOST:

CIMC Sanctum has been providing liquid oxygen storage tanks for schools, hospitals, nursing homes, government buildings, police and fire stations in Lhasa, Naqu, Ngari and Shigatse and other areas since 2017.

2020 July 31, “CIMC Sanctum provides 72 liquid oxygen storage tanks for oxygen-deficient Tibet”, in AP News, PR Newswire, archived from the original on 2022-08-24:

Beijing also wants to push ahead with the Tibet-Nepal Railway linking Kathmandu with Shigatse, the second-largest city in Tibet, which was among a number of bilateral deals signed in 2018 between Nepal and China, but has yet to gain much traction.

2020 September 4, “China planning building spree in Tibet as India tensions rise, sources say”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2020-09-05:

A prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.


शिगात्से

/ʃɪ.ɡɑːt̪.seː/

[ʃɪ.ɡäːt̪.seː]

Borrowed from Tibetan གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ (gzhis ka rtse).

bor+

Shigatse (a city in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


閩侯

/min²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/mɐn¹³ hɐu̯²¹/

/mɐn²¹ hɐu̯²¹/

/miŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋɑu²⁴²/

/maŋ¹³⁻¹¹ kau¹³/

/maŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kau²⁴/

/maŋ¹³⁻¹¹ hieu¹³/

/maŋ²⁴⁻²¹ hieu²⁴/

/ban²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/

/min²² ɦɤ⁴⁴/

/min²¹⁴⁻²¹ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/mɐn¹³ hɐu̯²¹/

/mɐn²¹ hɐu̯²¹/

/miŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋɑu²⁴²/

/maŋ¹³⁻¹¹ kau¹³/

/maŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kau²⁴/

/maŋ¹³⁻¹¹ hieu¹³/

/maŋ²⁴⁻²¹ hieu²⁴/

/ban²⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/

/min²² ɦɤ⁴⁴/

From 閩／闽 (Mǐn) + 侯官, the names of the two counties that merged to form the Minhou county in 1912.

(～縣) Minhou (a county of Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


Hà Nam

→ English: Hà Nam

Sino-Vietnamese word from 河南 (“South of The River”). Refers to the fact that it is located south of the Red River. Or a combination of Vietnamese Hà Nội and Nam Định because it is located between these two provinces.


Quảng Nam

→ English: Quảng Nam

[waːŋ˨˩˦ naːm˧˧]


Tây Ninh

→ English: Tây Ninh

[təj˧˧ nïŋ˧˧]

[təj˧˧ nɨn˧˧]

[təj˧˧ nɨn˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 西寧 (“West Peaceful”). Because the province is located on the western border of Vietnam, the name prays for the peace and stability of the border area.


Thái Nguyên

→ English: Thái Nguyên

[tʰaːj˧˦ ŋwiən˧˧]

[tʰaːj˨˩˦ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

[tʰaːj˦˥ ŋwiəŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 太原 (“Large Plain”). To indicate the midland topography of the province and around the city.

Taiyuan (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Shanxi, in northern China)


介休

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯³³ jɐu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kaːi̯³³ jɐu̯⁵⁵/

Supposedly named by Ji Chong'er, the Wen Duke of Jin, in his remorse for having killed his loyal subject Jie Zhitui and Jie's mother with an intentional forest fire in the region.

(～市) Jiexiu (a county-level city of Jinzhong, Shanxi, China)


Jiexiu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 介休 (Jièxiū, “Jie's Rest”). Supposedly named by Ji Chong'er, the Wen Duke of Jin, in his remorse for having killed his loyal subject Jie Zhitui and Jie's mother with an intentional forest fire in the region.

Chieh-hsiu (alternative)
Chiehhsiu (alternative)

He spent the rest of his life teaching at Chin-yang (T’ai-yuan), K’uo-hsien, and Chieh-hsiu in Shansi, using these years to master his favorite work, the Book of Changes (Chou i).[…]
After his death at Chieh-hsiu in 1827 Chi-yü, his only son, collected Jun-ti’s miscellaneous essays from his students, which he published posthumously around 1831 in seventeen chüan under the title Tun-ken-chai i-shu (Remaining writings from the Tun-ken Study).

[1975, Fred W. Drake, “A Scholar-Official from Shansi”, in China Charts the World: Hsu Chi-yü and His Geography of 1848, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 10–11:

Hou was born in 1896 in Jiexiu County, Shanxi Province, into a landlord family.

1987, Wolfgang Bartke, “Hou Wailu (侯外庐)”, in Who's Who in the People's Republic of China, 2nd edition, K. G. Saur, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 149:

Gao’s freedom was short-lived, however. Less than three weeks later, the police tracked him to the city of Jiexiu in Shanxi province and searched house-to-house until they found him, Li Fawang, a supporter who helped him escape, told The Associated Press. Gao’s whereabouts are now unknown.

2017 November 17, Christopher Bodeen, “Human rights repression in China seen worsening under Xi”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2023-03-08:

A county-level city of Jinzhong, central Shanxi, China.


華州

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/waː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/waː²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

(～區) Huazhou (a district of Weinan, Shaanxi, China)

(～街道, formerly ～鎮) Huazhou (a subdistrict of Huazhou district, Weinan, Shaanxi, China, formerly a town)


शिनजियांग

hi-proper noun

शिनजियांग • (śinjiyāṅg) ?

śinjiyāṅg (romanization)
शिंजियांग (alternative)

/ʃɪn.d͡ʒɪ.jɑːŋɡ/

[ʃɪ̃n.d͡ʒi.jä̃ːŋɡ]

Xinjiang (an autonomous region of China)

hi:शिंजियांग


石首

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² sɐu̯³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɛːk̚² sɐu̯³⁵/

(～市) Shishou (a county-level city of Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


萬家

/wän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/wän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

(～鄉) Wanjia (a township in Songzi, Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


Dingzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 定州 (Dìngzhōu, “Orderly Prefecture”).

der

Their colour, once described as silver or snow, was long held to be an achievement of the potters of the Song dynasty, but excavations at the Dingzhou kilns in Hebei as early as 1941 have established that white ware was already in production at that location during the ninth century.

1996, Patricia Eichenbaum Karetzky, Arts of the Tang Court, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 47:

The Communist Party chief of Dingzhou, a city in northern Hebei Province, was sentenced to life in prison for his role in one the bloodiest rural clashes in recent years, family members of the victims said.

2006, Joseph Kahn, “World Briefing | Asia: China: City Chief Gets Life In Land Clash”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-22, World:

Dingzhou residents who lost family in a land row insist on official probe, saying five convicted in court are scapegoats
Residents of Dingzhou, Hebei province, where six villagers were beaten to death last summer over a land dispute, have been taking turns to petition authorities in Beijing for further investigations into the case despite a court verdict last month.
Although a court in Handan city sentenced four people to death and Dingzhou party secretary He Feng to life in prison for their roles in the violent crackdown, the villagers say they are convinced the five are only scapegoats and Beijing must act to bring the real criminals to justice.

2006 March 27, Minnie Chan, “Villagers keep up demands for justice”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-06-05:

Yousheng Village, Dingzhou City, Hebei Province, is about 100 miles southwest of Beijing.

2012, Manuel Castells, Gustavo Cardoso, João Manuel Gaspar Caraça, editors, Aftermath: the Cultures of the Economic Crisis, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 267:

A county-level city in Baoding Prefecture, Hebei, China.

定州

a county-level city in Baoding Prefecture, Hebei, China

(historical) Synonym of Ding Prefecture, a prefecture of imperial China with its seat at Dingzhou.


彌渡

Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture
Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture#English

(～縣) Midu (a county of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China)


吳川

/u³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/ŋ̍²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/u³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/ŋ̍²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～市) Wuchuan (a county-level city of Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China)

(～縣) (historical) Wuchuan (a county of Gaozhou, Guangdong, China)


Zhanjiang

/ˈdʒɑn.dʒɑŋ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 湛江 (Zhànjiāng).

Chan-chiang (alternative)
Chankiang (alternative)

On April 4, he made the hop from Haiphong to Fort-Bayard (present-day Chanchiang, China) but almost ditched and had to lighten the plane by throwing things overboard.

[1989, Patrick Reynolds, Tom Shachtman, “Smith and Libby”, in The Gilded Leaf, Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 155:

Personnel stood in formation as they bid farewell to their family and friends during a ceremony at the port to send the cargo ship and its crew off on its journey to Zhanjiang, southern China, where the ACMEX maneuvers will be held, an epa-efe journalist reports.

2018 October 17, “Philippine navy vessel to take part in exercises in China”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2018-10-17:

A prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China.


Sanming

The Southeast uplands are generally poor in mineral resources, but coal and iron were evidently abundant enough to justify the construction of a medium-size integrated iron and steel plant in Fukien at Sanming during the Great Leap. Coal for the Sanming operation is mined in the Changping-Lungyen district and iron ore at nearby Hwaan.

1972, Theodore Shabad, China's Changing Map, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 170:

In 1959, on my way to Changting from Sanming in north Fukien, the bus stopped at an eating place and I got into conversation with a young woman at the same table.

1976, Hung-ying Liao, “My Old Home Revisited”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XV, number 2, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 14:

A young woman had just finished her dancing class and was on her way home when I accosted her. She was Wan Li, a cadre at the economics ministry. She had gone to the Dalian Foreign Language Institute (she hadn't met Cherry Blossom there, unfortunately) but she had been raised in the central Fujian town of Sanming. That town had the reputation in China of being somewhat utopian. It had been developed by people from all over China, before the Cultural Revolution. Miss Wan claimed that everything that had been said about Sanming was true—no problems, no pollution, perfect integration, a model city.
"Any Tibetans in Sanming?"
"No," Miss Wan said. "They have to stay in Tibet and solve their own problems. But people in Sanming are very civilized. They are from all places. Like the United States!"

1988, Paul Theroux, “The Night Train to Xiamen: Number 375”, in Riding the Iron Rooster: By Train Through China, G. P. Putnam's Sons, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 410–411:

The outbreak in Sanming city in Fujian killed 27 animals on a farm of 11,950 pigs, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said in a statement on its website.

2018 December 20, Hallie Gu, Tom Daly, “China confirms new African swine fever outbreak in Fujian province”, in Tom Hogue, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2018-12-20, Health News:

A prefecture-level city of Fujian, China.


मंचूरिया

hi-proper noun

मंचूरिया • (mañcūriyā) f

mañcūriyā (romanization)
मंचूरिया (direct singular)
मंचूरिया (oblique singular)
मंचूरिया (singular vocative)
मंचुरिया (alternative)

Borrowed from English Manchuria, ultimately from Manchu ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ (manju).
Ultimate origin unknown. According to official histories from the Qing dynasty, Nurhaci, a military leader of the Jurchens of Northeast China and founder of what became the Qing dynasty, named his tribe after Sanskrit मञ्जुश्री (mañjuśrī, “Manjushri”) as the Manchus. The name is from मञ्जु (mañju, “gentle”) + श्री (śrī, “glory”). Also compare Chinese 文殊 (Wénshū, “Manjushri”).
Some other theories exist; see 满族 on the Chinese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ᶻʰ

pedia

Manchuria (a historical region of northeastern China comprising the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang and the northeastern part of Inner Mongolia)

Manjushri
Northeast China
Nurhaci
hi:मंचूरिया


長泰

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/tio¹³⁻²² tʰua²¹/

/tio²⁴⁻²² tʰua²¹/

/tiɔ̃²⁴⁻²² tʰua²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ tʰaːi̯³³/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/tio¹³⁻²² tʰua²¹/

/tio²⁴⁻²² tʰua²¹/

/tiɔ̃²⁴⁻²² tʰua²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Changtai (a district and former county of Zhangzhou, Fujian, China)


Changtai

/(ˈ)t͡ʃæŋˈtaɪ/

From the Postal Map romanization of Mandarin 長泰／长泰 (Chángtài).

Even in Tegal, where the temple still retains its original name, some other deities—Xuantian shangdi, Shennong, and Qingyuan zhenjun (a deity worshipped by the people from Changtai district, Fujian province), etc.—have been introduced.

1993, Claudine Salmon, “Cults Peculiar to the Chinese in Java”, in Cheu Hock Tong, editor, Chinese Beliefs and Practices in Southeast Asia (Studies on the Chinese Religion in Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia), Pelanduk Publications, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 297:

Just north of Zhangzhou city, in Changtai county, a branch of the Anti-Opium Society was established in 1907. Under its leadership, opium dens were shut down, and opium shops were licensed or closed. The only available account of the suppression campaign in Changtai expresses serious misgivings about the effectiveness of the society, however, claiming that what appeared to be progress was simply the transformation of an open trade in opium into an underground commerce.

2003, Joyce A. Madancy, “Provincial Patterns of Reform Before the Revolution of 1911”, in The Troublesome Legacy of Commissioner Lin: The Opium Trade and Opium Suppression in Fujian Province, 1820s to 1920s (Harvard East Asian Monographs), volume 227, Harvard University Asia Center, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 173:

A district of Zhangzhou, Fujian, China, formerly a county.


Fukien

ᜉᜓᜃ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
Fookien (alternative)
Pukyen (alternative)

From the Postal Romanization of the Nanjing court dialect Mandarin 福建 (Fújiàn), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/. Doublet of Hokkien. Compare Spanish Fokien, Portuguese Foquiem.

(dated) former name of Fujian: a province in southeast China


前山

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～街道, formerly ～鎮) Qianshan (a subdistrict of Xiangzhou district, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China, formerly a town)


Thâm Quyến

[tʰəm˧˧ kwiəŋ˦˧˥]

[tʰəm˧˧ wiəŋ˦˥]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 深圳; element 圳 is pronounced Quyến because it's considered a variant form of 畎, whose Middle Chinese pronunciation *kwenX yielded early Sino-Vietnamese pronunciation quyến.

Shenzhen (a major subprovincial city of Guangdong, in southeastern China)


閔行

/min²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɑŋ³⁵/

/miaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ haŋ⁵⁵/

/min³³ ɦɑ̃⁴⁴/

/min²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɑŋ³⁵/

/miaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ haŋ⁵⁵/

/min³³ ɦɑ̃⁴⁴/

(～區) Minhang (a district of Shanghai, China)


賀蘭

/xɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/

/hɔː²² laːn²¹/

/xɤ⁵¹ län³⁵/

/hɔː²² laːn²¹/

(～縣) Helan County (a county of Yinchuan, Ningxia autonomous region, China)


Jian'ou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 建甌 /建瓯 (Jiàn'ōu).

Chien-ou (alternative)
Kienow (alternative)
Jianou (alternative also)

Li, from Jianou in Fujian province, was confirmed to have been infected with the H5N1 bird flu virus in March.
"A doctor in her village will carry out medical checks every day and report her condition to us to ensure her complete recovery," said Huang Jian, deputy director of Jianou's Health Bureau.

[2007 May 29, “China says bird flu patient recovers, goes home”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-04-27:

Every now and then, Wan Zijing likes to bring up something that happened many years ago when we had both participated in the Provincial Young Writers’ Association conference in the historical city of Jian’ou.

2013, Li Han, “Late Stage”, in Josh Stenberg, transl., Irina's Hat: New Short Stories from China, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 155:

A county-level city of Nanping, Fujian, China.


Nanping

Work centers in Nanping (formerly called Yenping) where are located the Nanping General Hospital and a high school for boys and girls. The conference has about 50 churches and 3,000 members. This conference is in Free China. Refugee institutions from Foochow have been temporarily located within the Yenping Conference—the Hwa Nan College and Hwa Nan High School at Nanping, and the Anglo-Chinese College and Union Kindergarten Training School at Yankow.

1944, Arthur J. Moore, Christ After Chaos, New York: Board of Missions and Church Extension The Methodist Church, →OCLC, page 32:

We traveled down the Min River from Nanping in a small sampan, flying the American flag for protection against bandits and soldiers. Those were the days when the Stars and Stripes still afforded some protection.

1953, John C. Caldwell, China Coast Family, Chicago: Henry Regnery Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 96:

Parents burn paper money to mourn for school students who were stabbed to death by a man at a primary school in Nanping, Fujian province March 24, 2010.

2010 April 12, “China stabbings spur public call for school security”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-07, World News:


洛城

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Alternative name for 洛陽／洛阳 (Luòyáng, “Luoyang (a prefecture-level city of Henan, China)”).


樓煩

/loʊ̯³⁵ fän³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ faːn²¹/

/loʊ̯³⁵ fän³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ faːn²¹/

(～縣) (historical) Loufan (a county of the state of Zhao, around modern-day Ningwu, Shanxi, China)

(～縣) (historical) Loufan (a county under the Tang dynasty, in modern-day Loufan, Shanxi, China)

(～郡) (historical) Loufan (a commandery under the Sui and Tang dynasties in modern-day Shanxi, China)


代縣

/taɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tɔːi̯²² jyːn²²/

/taɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/tɔːi̯²² jyːn²²/

After the former Dai Prefecture (代州) which it replaced.

Dai County (a county of Xinzhou, Shanxi, China)


驪靬

/li³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/li³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/li³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/li³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

Disputed. Compare 犁靬 (Líjiān, “name of an ancient state”).

(～縣) (historical) Liqian (an ancient county located in modern-day Gansu, China)

(～村) Liqian (a village in Jiaojiazhuang, Yongchang, Jinchang, Gansu, China)


雁門關

Яньмэньгуань

/jɛn⁵¹ mən³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/ŋaːn²² muːn²¹ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/jɛn⁵¹ mən³⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/ŋaːn²² muːn²¹ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

Yanmen (a mountain pass and important gate in the Great Wall in Shanxi, China)

(～鄉) Yanmenguan (a township in Dai County, Xinzhou, Shanxi, China, around the pass)


Mãn Châu

[maːn˦ˀ˥ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[maːŋ˧˨ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[maːŋ˨˩˦ cəw˧˧]

Manchuria (a historical region of northeastern China comprising the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang and the northeastern part of Inner Mongolia)


肆州

/sz̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/siː³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/siː³³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Si Prefecture (a prefecture of imperial China, in present-day Shanxi)


Yiwu

Wu Han was born in Yiwu, Chekiang, in 1909, in a middle-class family too poor to pay for his education at National (Tsing Hua) University, where Wu supported himself by tutoring until his graduation in 1934.

1938, Edgar Snow, Red Star Over China, Grove Press, published 1978, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 559:

The text of to-night's "communique" says:-
[...]Heavy fighting is continuing in the East Chekiang province with the Japanese launching vigorous attacks at Kienteh and Yiwu to the north-east of Kinhawa, the provincial capital.
The Japanese troops on the Railway first attacked the Chinese positions in the vicinity of Yiwu in mass formation and then split up into several small units and attempted infiltration tactics.

1942 May 25, “Chinese Occupy Strategic Points On Old Caravan Road”, in The Bombay Chronicle, volume XXX, number 123, →OCLC, page 1:

If it’s small, cheap and made of plastic, it can probably be found in Yiwu, a city in China’s southeastern Zhejiang province.

2013 December 13, Julie Bosman, “Welcome to Tchotchke Town”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-08-04, Magazine:

From the widget wholesalers of Yiwu, south of Shanghai, to the halls of Communist Party power in Beijing, there is consternation that the trade war has dragged on for so long and doubt that the next battle could be a turning point.

2019 October 30, Anna Fifield, “In China’s capital of Halloween slime and ooze, the trade war is a scary subject”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-10-30, Asia & Pacific:

A county-level city of Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.


Xinzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 忻州 (Xīnzhōu).

Like many gay Chinese growing up at the turn of the millennium, Duan Shuai began his long, deliberate process of coming out online. After school, he would visit the newly opened internet cafe in his hometown, Xinzhou, a small city in Shanxi Province bounded by a veil of mountains.[…]
 When Duan opens up the app anywhere in the country, be it in Beijing’s bustling commercial district Sanlitun or back in Xinzhou, he’ll find an endless scroll of users: cosmopolitan yuppies dressed in drag, rural blue-collar workers with faceless profiles.

2020 March 5, Yi-Ling Liu, “How a Dating App Helped a Generation of Chinese Come Out of the Closet”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-03-06, Feature:

A prefecture-level city of Shanxi, China.


Xinzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 信州 (Xìnzhōu).

The vague wording of the Xinzhou district government’s statement Saturday, which said workers had “decontaminated” the animal though there was no indication it had been infected with the coronavirus, helped fuel the outcry.
The pet’s owner or owners could not be reached for comment. According to an account on the Twitter-like platform Weibo that first shared the video, the owners had been sent to hotel quarantine along with other residents of their neighborhood in the city of Shangrao, in Jiangxi Province.

2021 November 14, Austin Ramzy, “A video of decontamination workers clubbing a pet corgi stirs anger in China.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-11-16, Asia Pacific:


Xinzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 新洲 (Xīnzhōu).

Sinchow (alternative)
Hsin-chou (alternative)


Quảng Châu

[kwaːŋ˧˩ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[kwaːŋ˧˨ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[waːŋ˨˩˦ cəw˧˧]

Guangzhou (the capital and largest city of Guangdong, China)


曹縣

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Cao County (a county of Heze, Shandong, China)


伊金霍洛

ㄧ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄌㄨㄛˋ

ㄧ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄌㄨㄛˋ

/i⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ kɐm⁵⁵ fɔːk̚³ lɔːk̚³/

/jiː⁵⁵ kɐm⁵⁵ fɔːk̚³ lɔːk̚²/

/i⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/jiː⁵⁵ kɐm⁵⁵ fɔːk̚³ lɔːk̚³/

/jiː⁵⁵ kɐm⁵⁵ fɔːk̚³ lɔːk̚²/

From Mongolian ᠡᠵᠡᠨ
ᠬᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠ (eǰen qorug-a, in reference to Genghis Khan, literally “the Lord's Enclosure”), from ᠡᠵᠡᠨ (eǰen, “lord”) and ᠬᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠ (qorug-a, “enclosure”).

bor

(～旗) Ejin Horo (a banner in Ordos, Inner Mongolia, China)


Быйҗин

/pei²⁴ t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/

Cognate to Standard Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng).

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


婁煩

/loʊ̯³⁵ fän³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ faːn²¹/

/loʊ̯³⁵ fän³⁵/

/lɐu̯²¹ faːn²¹/

(～縣) Loufan (a county of Taiyuan, Shanxi, China)

(～鎮) Loufan (a town in Loufan, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China)


嘉應

→ English: Jiaying, Kaying

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ iŋ⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ jɪŋ³³/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ in⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ iŋ⁵¹/

/kaː⁵⁵ jɪŋ³³/

/ka²⁴⁻¹¹ in⁵⁵/

(～州) (historical) Kaying, Jiaying (a former prefecture of Guangdong, China, during the Qing dynasty; modern Meizhou)


Anning

From Pi-chi Kuan to An-ning chou 安甯州 (now An-ning hsien) is 50 li. An-ning is a walled city lying in a valley at an altitude of 6,000 feet. In ancient days it was the T’ang-lang-ch’uan 螳螂川 (Mantis stream) of the Tien Kingdom. A small trail here branches off to the town of Wu-ting 武定, three stages to the north of K’un-ming and a distance of 210 li from An-ning. (A motorroad has now been built.)

[1947, Joseph F. Rock, “Introduction”, in The Ancient Na-khi Kingdom of Southwest China, volume 1, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 15:

CNPC’s refinery comprises one of the auxiliary infrastructures of Sino-Burma crude oil pipelines, which just entered the Industrial Park of Anning City, Yunnan Province in 2013. The pipeline stands at the windward of the “City of Eternal Spring” and upstream side of the “City of Water Shortage,” Kunming.

2014, Yangtze River Delta Earth First!, “Environmental Group Events in Today's China”, in Alexander Reid Ross, editor, Grabbing Back: Essays Against the Global Land Grab, AK Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781849351898/page/n143/:

PetroChina has also been building a 260,000 barrels per day (bpd) refinery at Anning in Yunnan province to process the oil, which so far can only be stored in tanks.

2016 October 10, Aizhu Chen, Aung Hla Tun, “New China refinery faces delay as Myanmar seeks extra oil tax: sources”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2018-10-10, Commodities:

A county-level city of Kunming, Yunnan, China.

THE second day after leaving Hui-li-chou we entered the valley of the Anning Ho, a grey, fast-flowing stream whose course runs parallel with the meridian like all the others of that interesting group of rivers between Assam and eastern Szechuan, the Irrawaddy, the Sal ween, the Mekong, the Yangtse, the Yalung. The Anning, the smallest of these, lies enclosed in a wilderness of tangled ranges, and its valley forms the shortest trade route between Szechuan and the Indo-Chinese peninsula.

1913, Elizabeth Kendall, “The Chien-ch'ang”, in A Wayfarer in China: Impressions of a Trip Across West China and Mongolia, Houghton Mifflin Company, →OCLC, page 71:


叱干

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ kän⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ kän⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Chigan (a town in Liquan, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China)


冤句

/ɥɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy³⁵/

/ɥɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy³⁵/

In reference to the meandering course of the former Ji River (濟河), which ran through the county.

(～縣) (historical) Yuanqu (a former county of imperial China, between the Qin or Han and the Song dynasties, in modern-day Mudan, Heze, Shandong)


武警

/u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mou̯¹³ kɪŋ³⁵/

/pu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kiŋ⁴²/

/pu³³²⁻²¹ kiŋ⁴²/

/bu⁵²⁻³⁵ keŋ³⁵/

/u²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mou̯¹³ kɪŋ³⁵/

/pu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kiŋ⁴²/

/pu³³²⁻²¹ kiŋ⁴²/

/bu⁵²⁻³⁵ keŋ³⁵/

(～社區) Wujing (a residential community in Tancheng, Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China)


उरुमची

hi-proper noun

उरुमची • (urumcī) m

urumcī (romanization)
उरुमची (direct singular)
उरुमची (oblique singular)
उरुमची (singular vocative)

[ʊ.ɾʊ̃m.t͡ʃiː]

Ürümqi (a prefecture-level city, the capital of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


寶山

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ suã³³/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ suã³³/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suã⁴⁴/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Baoshan (a district and former county of Shanghai, China)

(～區) Baoshan (a district of Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang, China)


九龍江

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄤ

ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄤ

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ lʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ lʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Sense #2 corresponds to Vietnamese sông Cửu Long (literally “Nine Dragons River”).

cog

Jiulong River (the largest river in southern Fujian, China)


Tibéid

An Tibéid (canonical feminine)
na Tibéide (genitive)
Tibéid (indefinite nominative singular)
a Thibéid (indefinite singular vocative)
Tibéide (genitive indefinite singular)
Tibéid (dative indefinite singular)
an Tibéid (definite nominative singular)
na Tibéide (definite genitive singular)
leis an Tibéid (dative definite singular)
don Tibéid (dative definite singular)
Tibéid
Thibéid
dTibéid
Tibéad (alternative)