Victoria

en-proper noun

Victoria (countable and uncountable, plural Victorias or Victoriae)

From Latin Victōria, from victōria (“victory”). Doublet of Vitória. The given name can also be analyzed as the male name Victor + -ia. The places were named in honour of Queen Victoria of Great Britain.

The main town of the federal territory of Labuan, Malaysia.


NS

(Malaysia) Initialism of Negeri Sembilan: a state of Malaysia.


Johor

From Malay Johor, from Arabic جَوْهَر (jawhar), from Classical Persian گَوهَر (gawhar).

A state in southern Malaysia. Capital: Johor Bahru.


Kedah

A state in northwestern Malaysia. Capital: Alor Setar.


Kelantan

Unadapted borrowing from Malay Kelantan.

Anne Talbot looked demurely ravishing, as was her intention, in a very low-cut evening frock of bottle-green, choker of Kelantan silver, earrings in the shape of krises.

1958, Anthony Burgess, The Enemy in the Blanket (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 292:

A state in western Malaysia. Capital: Kota Bharu.


Malacca

From Malay Melaka, probably after melaka, a kind of tree that grows in the region.

The capital city of Malacca State, Malaysia.


Negeri Sembilan

Unadapted borrowing from Malay Negeri Sembilan.

ubor

A state in western Malaysia. Capital: Seremban.


Pahang

A state in northern peninsular Malaysia. Capital: Kuantan.


Pahang

Unknown, probably from Khmer ប៉ាហាំង (paahang, “tin”).


Penang

Borrowed from Malay pinang (“betel nut”), from Pulau Pinang.

A state in western Malaysia. Capital: George Town.


Perlis

A state in northwestern Malaysia. Capital: Kangar.


Sabah

A state in eastern Malaysia located at the Northern part of the Borneo island with the main city Kota Kinabalu as its capital.


Sabah

Sabah (state in Malaysia): a state in eastern Malaysia located at the Northern part of the Borneo island with the main city Kota Kinabalu as its capital.


Sarawak

In other parts of the Nanyang the Chinese were never prominent in Communist Parties except, later, in Sarawak, where the local Chinese Communist faction attempted with little success to gain control of the Sarawak United Peoples’ Party (S.U.P.P.), a party largely Chinese-supported, which emerged as one of the legal political parties after Sarawak obtained self-government in 1956.

1972, C. P. FitzGerald, The Southern Expansion of the Chinese People: "Southern Fields and Southern Ocean", London: Barrie & Jenkins, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 189:

A state in eastern Malaysia. Capital: Kuching.


Selangor

A state in western Malaysia. Capital: Shah Alam.


Terengganu

Kuala Terengganu
Kuala Terengganu#English

A state in western Malaysia. Capital: Kuala Terengganu.


Kuala Lumpur

/kuˈɑːlə ˈlʊmpʊə/

A federal territory, the capital and largest city of Malaysia, located in the western part of the country.


Kuala Lumpur

Koeala Loempoer
Koeala Loempoer#Afrikaans

Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur#English:_Q1865

alternative spelling of Koeala Loempoer: Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory, the capital and largest city of Malaysia, located in the western part of the country)


Kuala Lumpur

Unadapted borrowing from Malay Kuala Lumpur.

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory, the capital and largest city of Malaysia, located in the western part of the country)


Kuala Lumpur

cs-proper noun

Kuala Lumpur m inan (relational adjective kualalumpurský)

kualalumpurský (adjective relational)
Kuala Lumpur (nominative singular)
Kuala Lumpuru (genitive singular)
Kuala Lumpuru (dative singular)
Kuala Lumpur (accusative singular)
Kuala Lumpure (singular vocative)
Kuala Lumpuru (locative singular)
Kuala Lumpurem (instrumental singular)


Kuala Lumpur

de-proper noun

Kuala Lumpur n (proper noun, genitive Kuala Lumpurs or (optionally with an article) Kuala Lumpur)

Kuala Lumpurs (genitive)
Kuala Lumpur (genitive with-article)


Kuala Lumpur

Compound of kuala (“confluence”) + lumpur (“mud”), from Malay Kuala Lumpur.


Kuala Lumpur

ms-proper noun

Kuala Lumpur (Jawi spelling کوالا لمڤور)

کوالا لمڤور (Jawi)
KL (alternative initialism)

Compound of kuala (“confluence”) + lumpur (“mud”). Literally, “confluence of mud”.


Kuala Lumpur

pl-prop

Kuala Lumpur m inan (related adjective kualalumpurski)

kualalumpurski (adjective)
Kuala Lumpur (nominative singular)
Kuala Lumpuru (genitive singular)
Kuala Lumpurowi (dative singular)
Kuala Lumpur (accusative singular)
Kuala Lumpurem (instrumental singular)
Kuala Lumpurze (locative singular)
Kuala Lumpurze (singular vocative)


Kuala Lumpur

Kuala Lampur (alternative rare)
Cuala Lumpur (alternative rare)


Kuala Lumpur

sk-proper noun

Kuala Lumpur m inan (genitive singular Kuala Lumpuru, declension pattern of dub)

Kuala Lumpuru (genitive singular)
dub (declension-pattern-of)


Kuala Lumpur

Unadapted borrowing from English Kuala Lumpur, from Malay Kuala Lumpur.


Putrajaya

From Malay Putrajaya; from Sanskrit पुत्र (putra, “son”) + जय (jayá, “victory”).

A federal territory in western Malaysia.

The administrative capital of Malaysia, located in the federal territory of the same name.

بوتراجايا

federal territory and administrative capital of Malaysia


Putrajaya

ڤوتراجاي (Jawi)

putra (“prince”) + jaya (“success”), ultimately from Sanskrit पुत्र (putra) + जय (jayá); from the name of the first Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra.

Putrajaya (a federal territory in western Malaysia)

Putrajaya (the administrative capital of Malaysia)


Labuan

/ˈlɑːbuˌɑːn/

From Indonesian Labuan and Malay Labuan.

A federal territory off Sabah, Malaysia.


Labuan

لابوان (Jawi)

Labuan (a federal territory of Sabah, Malaysia)


Johor Bahru

From Malay Johor Bahru; equivalent to Johor + baharu (“new”).

Johor Bahru (the capital city of Johor, Malaysia)


Johor Bahru

جوهر بهرو (Jawi)


Alor Setar

/əˈloɹ səˌtɑɹ/

/əˈlɔː sɛˌtɑː/

From Malay Alor Setar, see also Alor Star.

The capital city of the state of Kedah, Malaysia.


Alor Setar

الور ستار (Jawi)
Alor Star (alternative)

Alor Setar (the capital city of the state of Kedah, Malaysia)


Kota Bharu

کوت بهارو (Jawi)

Kota Bharu (the capital city of Kelantan, Malaysia)


Seremban

The capital city of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.


Seremban

→ English: Seremban

Negeri Sembilan Malay: Somban

Uncertain. Some sources claim it was named after "Seri Menanti" (place of waiting), which is also the name of Negeri Sembilan's royal capital. Others claim that this city was named after "Kampung Serembang", with "serembang" referring to a type of tree.

Seremban (the capital city of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)


Kuantan

کوانتن (Jawi)

Founded in the 1850s, mentioned by Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir (Munshi Abdullah) circa 1851/2.

Kuantan (the capital city of Pahang, Malaysia)


Ipoh

From Malay Ipoh, from ipuh (“upas (a tree local to Ipoh)”).

The capital city of the state of Perak, Malaysia.


Ipoh

اڤوه (Jawi)
ipuh (alternative)
ipoh (alternative)

→ English: Ipoh

→ Chinese: 怡保 (Yíbǎo)

From ipuh, from Proto-Malayic *hipuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qipuq.

Ipoh (the capital city of the state of Perak, Malaysia)


Kangar

Kangar (the capital city of Perlis, Malaysia)


Kota Kinabalu

The capital city of Sabah, Malaysia, formerly known as Jesselton.

哥打基納巴盧 /哥打基纳巴卢

Gēdǎjīnàbālú


Kota Kinabalu

ms-proper noun

کوتا کينابالو

Kota Kinabalu (Jawi spelling کوتا کينابالو)

کوتا کينابالو (Jawi)
KK (alternative initialism)

kota (“town”) + Kinabalu (“the name of a mountain”). Literally, “Kinabalu town”.

compound

Kota Kinabalu (the capital city of Sabah, Malaysia)


Kuching

From Malay Kuching, possibly from kucing (“cat”).


Kuching

Possibly from the Wilkinson spelling of kucing (“cat”).

Kuching (the capital city of Sarawak, Malaysia)


Shah Alam

From the name of the sultan of Selangor, Sultan Alam Shah.

Shah Alam (the capital city of Selangor, Malaysia)


Kuala Terengganu

The capital city of Terengganu, Malaysia.


Kuala Terengganu

ms-proper noun

کوالا ترڠݢانو

Kuala Terengganu (Jawi spelling کوالا ترڠݢانو)

کوالا ترڠݢانو (Jawi)

Kuala Terengganu (the capital city of Terengganu, Malaysia)


George Town

Both capitals were named after King George III of the United Kingdom.


George Town

جورج تاءون (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English George Town.

ubor

George Town (the capital of Penang, Malaysia)


Malaya

From Malay + -ia, Latinization of Malay. Compare English Malaysia.

(historical) A peninsula and geographic region of Southeast Asia constituting the southern part of the Malay Peninsula and several nearby islands, currently forming the western part of Malaysia; now known as West Malaysia or Peninsular Malaysia.


Malaya

Borrowed from English Malaya, from Malay + -ia, with the root from Malay Melayu.

(historical) Malaya (a peninsula and geographic region of Southeast Asia constituting the southern part of the Malay Peninsula and several nearby islands, currently forming the western part of Malaysia; now known as West Malaysia or Peninsular Malaysia)


Perak

A state in western Malaysia. Capital: Ipoh.

(with the) A large river in Perak, Malaysia.


Perak

ڤيرق (Jawi)
perak (alternative)
pirak (alternative)

From perak, from pirak, from Proto-Malayic *pirak.


PD

This qualitative approach was used in re-vitalising Port Dickson (PD) as a leading beach tourism destination for Malaysia. PD was a top beach resort tourism destination in her glory days of 1990s.

2016, Salleh Mohd Radzi, Mohd Hafiz Mohd Hanafiah, Norzuwana Sumarjan, Heritage, Culture and Society, →ISBN:

""Isa has widespread grassroot support in his native Negeri Sembilan, among all the candidates, he is a local PD boy. The others all came out of nowhere,"

2018 October 1, Eileen Ng, quoting Oh Ei Sun, “Who can dent Anwar Ibrahim’s armour in the Port Dickson by-election?”, in Today, →OCLC:

Ms Lau said she hoped "PD will be transformed as promised in so many ways", using the common moniker for the seaside town. "It is good […] to develop PD. That is what everyone in PD wants,"

2018 October 13, Hazlin Hassan, “Anwar Ibrahim storms to victory in Port Dickson by-election, wins 72% of vote”, in The Straits Times, →OCLC:

(Malaysia) Initialism of Port Dickson: a town and district of Malaysia.


Borneo

Probably from Sanskrit वरुणद्वीप (varuṇa-dvīpa, “island of Varuna”).

der

Borneo (a large island of Southeast Asia, politically divided between Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei)


Klang

A city in Klang District, Selangor, Malaysia.


Կուալա Լումպուր

head

Կուալա Լումպուր

Կուալա Լումպուր • (Kuala Lumpur)

hy-proper noun

Կուալա Լումպուր

Կուալա Լումպուր • (Kuala Lumpur)

Kuala Lumpur (romanization)
Կուալա Լումպուր (nominative singular singular-only)
Կուալա Լումպուրի (dative singular singular-only)
Կուալա Լումպուրից (ablative singular singular-only)
Կուալա Լումպուրով (instrumental singular singular-only)
Կուալա Լումպուրում (locative singular singular-only)
Կուալա Լումպուրը (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Կուալա Լումպուրն (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Կուալա Լումպուրին (dative definite singular singular-only)
Կուալա Լումպուրս (first-person nominative possessive singular singular-only)
Կուալա Լումպուրիս (dative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Կուալա Լումպուրիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Կուալա Լումպուրովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular singular-only)
Կուալա Լումպուրումս (first-person locative possessive singular singular-only)
Կուալա Լումպուրդ (nominative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Կուալա Լումպուրիդ (dative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Կուալա Լումպուրիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Կուալա Լումպուրովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Կուալա Լումպուրումդ (locative possessive second-person singular singular-only)

hy-decl-noun-unc

Կուալա Լումպուր

Կուալա Լումպուրը / Կուալա Լումպուրն

Կուալա Լումպուրներ

Կուալա Լումպուրները / Կուալա Լումպուրներն

Կուալա Լումպուրի

Կուալա Լումպուրին

Կուալա Լումպուրների

Կուալա Լումպուրներին

Կուալա Լումպուրից

Կուալա Լումպուրներից

Կուալա Լումպուրով

Կուալա Լումպուրներով

Կուալա Լումպուրում

Կուալա Լումպուրներում

Կուալա Լումպուրս

Կուալա Լումպուրներս

Կուալա Լումպուրիս

Կուալա Լումպուրներիս

Կուալա Լումպուրիցս

Կուալա Լումպուրներիցս

Կուալա Լումպուրովս

Կուալա Լումպուրներովս

Կուալա Լումպուրումս

Կուալա Լումպուրներումս

Կուալա Լումպուրդ

Կուալա Լումպուրներդ

Կուալա Լումպուրիդ

Կուալա Լումպուրներիդ

Կուալա Լումպուրիցդ

Կուալա Լումպուրներիցդ

Կուալա Լումպուրովդ

Կուալա Լումպուրներովդ

Կուալա Լումպուրումդ

Կուալա Լումպուրներումդ

Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia)


BBB

Bandar Baru Bangi (a city in Selangor, Malaysia)


Weston

From Old English west (“west”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).

A small town in Sabah, Malaysia, named after Arthur J. West.


Beaufort

/ˈbəʊfɔː(ɹ)/

Borrowed from French Beaufort, from beau (“beautiful”) + fort (“fort”).


北海

→ English: Beihai, Pakhoi

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐk̚⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ hai⁵⁵⁴/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐk̚⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ hai⁵⁵⁴/

Butterworth (a town in Penang, Malaysia)


Adal

An island off the coast of Sabah, Malaysia


太平

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (太平):
* → Japanese: 太平(たいへい) (taihei)
* → Korean: 태평(太平) (taepyeong)
* → Vietnamese: thái bình (太平)

→ Manchu: ᡨᠠᡳᡶᡳᠨ (taifin)

desc

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠫᠢᠩ (tayiping)

Mongolian: тайван (tajvan)

→ Tuvan: тайбың (taybıñ)

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/tʰuɛ³³ peiŋ²¹/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaŋ⁵³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪŋ²³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ pʰiŋ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/tʰuɛ³³ peiŋ²¹/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaŋ⁵³/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ¹³/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ piɪŋ²³/

/tʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

寧為太平犬，不做亂世人 / 宁为太平犬，不做乱世人

nìng wéi tàipíng quǎn, bù zuò luànshì rén

Larut, Matang and Selama
Larut, Matang and Selama#English

(～市) Taiping (a city in Larut, Matang and Selama district, Perak, Malaysia)


玲瓏

/liŋ³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² lɔŋ¹³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ lɔŋ²³/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ loŋ⁵⁵/

/liŋ³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/lɪŋ²¹ lʊŋ²¹/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² lɔŋ¹³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔŋ²⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ lɔŋ²³/

/leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ loŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Lenggong (a town in Hulu Perak district, Perak, Malaysia)


金寶

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

From Indonesian Kampar and Malay Kampar, probably via Cantonese.


珠寶

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ po⁵³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ⁴¹/

/t͡su³³⁻²³ po⁵²/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pɔ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² po⁵³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ po⁵³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ pɤ⁴¹/

/t͡su³³⁻²³ po⁵²/

/t͡sz̩⁵⁵ pɔ²¹/

Chemor (a town in Kinta district, Perak, Malaysia)


霹靂

/pʰɪk̚⁵ lɪk̚⁵/

/pʰiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃iʔ⁵/

/pʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ liɪk̚¹²¹/

/pʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɪk̚⁴/

/pe²²⁻²¹ laʔ⁴/

/pʰɪk̚⁵ lɪk̚⁵/

/pʰiʔ²⁴⁻²¹ l̃iʔ⁵/

/pʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ liɪk̚¹²¹/

/pʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɪk̚⁴/

/pe²²⁻²¹ laʔ⁴/

霹雳
*辟歷
*辟历
礔礰
礕礰
劈歷
霹雳
吡叻


沉香

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐm²¹ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɨm¹¹ hi̯oŋ²⁴/

/tim²³⁻³³ hiũ⁴⁴/

/tim²⁴⁻¹¹ hiũ⁴⁴/

/tim²⁴⁻²² hiũ⁴⁴/

/tim²⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɐm²¹ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɨm¹¹ hi̯oŋ²⁴/

/tim²³⁻³³ hiũ⁴⁴/

/tim²⁴⁻¹¹ hiũ⁴⁴/

/tim²⁴⁻²² hiũ⁴⁴/

/tim²⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ⁴⁴/

So named as it sinks when placed in water.


芙蓉

/fu³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/fuː²¹ jʊŋ²¹/

/pʰu¹¹ i̯uŋ¹¹/

/pʰu⁵⁵ ʒuŋ⁵⁵/

/hu⁵³⁻³³ yŋ⁵³/

/hu²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/hu²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/hu²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/hu¹³⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/

/pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/pʰu²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/pʰu²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/pʰu¹³⁻²² d͡ziɔŋ¹³/

/pʰu²⁴⁻³³ d͡ziɪŋ²⁴/

/vu²² ɦioŋ⁴⁴/

/fu³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/fuː²¹ jʊŋ²¹/

/pʰu¹¹ i̯uŋ¹¹/

/pʰu⁵⁵ ʒuŋ⁵⁵/

/hu⁵³⁻³³ yŋ⁵³/

/hu²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/hu²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/hu²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/hu¹³⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/

/pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔŋ²⁴/

/pʰu²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/

/pʰu²³⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

/pʰu¹³⁻²² d͡ziɔŋ¹³/

/pʰu²⁴⁻³³ d͡ziɪŋ²⁴/

/vu²² ɦioŋ⁴⁴/

Possibly derived from a word meaning “to blossom”; compare 敷榮／敷荣 (fūróng, “to blossom”) (Zhang and Shen, 2014).
; "Seremban"

(～市) Seremban, Fu Yong (a city, the state capital of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)


쿠알라룸푸르

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory of Malaysia)


กัวลาลัมเปอร์

From English Kuala Lumpur. Cognate with Lao ກົວລາລໍາເປີ (kūa lā lam pœ̄).

cog

Lao ກົວລາລໍາເປີ (kūa lā lam pœ̄)

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory, the capital city of Malaysia)


雪蘭莪

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ ˀɤ³⁵/

/syːt̚³ laːn²¹ ŋɔː²¹/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵ ˀɤ³⁵/

/syːt̚³ laːn²¹ ŋɔː²¹/

(～州) Selangor (a state of Malaysia; capital: Shah Alam)


Malaia

Feminine form of malai (“Malay”), the primary indigenous ethnic group of the area.

Malaya (a peninsula and geographic region of Southeast Asia constituting the southern part of the Malay Peninsula and several nearby islands, currently forming the western part of Malaysia; now known as West Malaysia or Peninsular Malaysia)


吉隆坡

/t͡ɕi³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

/kit̚⁵⁵ lɵŋ²² pᵘɔ³³/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² pʰo³³/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²³⁻³³ pʰɤ⁴⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰo⁴⁴/

/kit̚³²⁻⁵ liɔŋ¹³⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/kiɛt̚³⁻⁴ laŋ²³⁻²¹ pʰo³³/

/kat̚³⁻⁴ laŋ²³⁻²¹ pʰo³³/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ loŋ⁵⁵ pʰu²¹/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/kɐt̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

/kit̚⁵⁵ lɵŋ²² pᵘɔ³³/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² pʰo³³/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²³⁻³³ pʰɤ⁴⁴/

/kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰo⁴⁴/

/kit̚³²⁻⁵ liɔŋ¹³⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/kiɛt̚³⁻⁴ laŋ²³⁻²¹ pʰo³³/

/kat̚³⁻⁴ laŋ²³⁻²¹ pʰo³³/

/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ loŋ⁵⁵ pʰu²¹/

1894, G. T. Hare, editor, A Text Book of Documentary Chinese: Selected and Designed for the Special Use of Members of the Civil Service of the Straits Settlements, volume I, Singapore, page 111:

If any new or old customers come to Kuala Lumpur but fail to go to the government office to register and obtain a license, they will be arrested and punished once discovered.

Rú yǒu xīnkè lǎo kè dào Jílóngpō bù rù gōngsuǒ bàomíng zhùcè lǐngqǔ zhízhào zhě, yījīng cháchū, jíxíng zhuōná jiūzhì.

如有新客老客到吉隆坡不入公所報名註冊領取執照者，一經查出，即行捉拏究治。

如有新客老客到吉隆坡不入公所报名注册领取执照者，一经查出，即行捉拿究治。

聯邦直轄區 聯邦直轄區#Chinese

(～聯邦直轄區, ～市) Kuala Lumpur (the capital city and largest city in Malaysia)


كوالا لمبور

ar-proper noun

كُوَالَا لُمْبُور

كُوَالَا لُمْبُور • (kuwālā lumbūr) f

كُوَالَا لُمْبُور (canonical)
kuwālā lumbūr (romanization)

ar:كوالا لمبور


Куала-Лумпур

be-proper noun

Куа́ла-Лу́мпур<sg>

куа́ла-лу́мпурскі

Куа́ла-Лу́мпур • (Kuála-Lúmpur) m inan (genitive Куа́ла-Лу́мпура, uncountable, relational adjective куа́ла-лу́мпурскі)

Куа́ла-Лу́мпур (canonical)
Kuála-Lúmpur (romanization)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпура (genitive)
куа́ла-лу́мпурскі (adjective relational)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпур (nominative singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпура (genitive singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпуру (dative singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпур (accusative singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпурам (instrumental singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпуры (locative singular)

be-ndecl

Куа́ла-Лу́мпур<sg>

be:Куала-Лумпур


Куала-Лумпур

ru-proper noun+

Куа́ла-Лу́мпур

куа́ла-лу́мпурский

Куа́ла-Лу́мпур • (Kuála-Lúmpur) m inan (genitive Куа́ла-Лу́мпура, relational adjective куа́ла-лу́мпурский)

Куа́ла-Лу́мпур (canonical)
Kuála-Lúmpur (romanization)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпура (genitive)
куа́ла-лу́мпурский (adjective relational)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпур (nominative singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпура (genitive singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпуру (dative singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпур (accusative singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпуром (instrumental singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпуре (prepositional singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпуръ (alternative)

ru:Куала-Лумпур


Куала-Лумпур

uk-proper noun

Куа́ла-Лу́мпур<sg>

куа́ла-лу́мпурський

Куа́ла-Лу́мпур • (Kuála-Lúmpur) m inan (genitive Куа́ла-Лу́мпура, uncountable, relational adjective куа́ла-лу́мпурський)

Куа́ла-Лу́мпур (canonical)
Kuála-Lúmpur (romanization)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпура (genitive)
куа́ла-лу́мпурський (adjective relational)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпур (nominative singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпура (genitive singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпурові (dative singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпуру (dative singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпур (accusative singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпуром (instrumental singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпуру (locative singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпурі (locative singular)
Куа́ла-Лу́мпуре (singular vocative)

uk-ndecl

Куа́ла-Лу́мпур<sg>

uk:Куала-Лумпур


Butterworth

en-proper noun

Butterworth (countable and uncountable, plural Butterworths)

/ˈbʌtə(ɹ)ˌwɜː(ɹ)θ/

Habitational surname from a place in Lancashire, from Old English butere (“butter”) + worþ (“enclosure”).
The city in Malaysia is named after William John Butterworth, Governor of the Straits Settlements from 1843 to 1855.


Butterworth

بتتروورث (Jawi)

Unadapted borrowing from English Butterworth, after William John Butterworth.

ubor

Butterworth (a city in Penang, Malaysia)


Борнео

ru-proper noun

Борне́о • (Bornɛ́o) m inan (indeclinable)

Борне́о (canonical)
Bornɛ́o (romanization)

Borneo (a large island of Southeast Asia, politically divided between Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia)

ru:Калимантан


Калимантан

ru-proper noun+

Калиманта́н • (Kalimantán) m inan (genitive Калиманта́на)

Калиманта́н (canonical)
Kalimantán (romanization)
Калиманта́на (genitive)
Калиманта́н (nominative singular)
Калиманта́на (genitive singular)
Калиманта́ну (dative singular)
Калиманта́н (accusative singular)
Калиманта́ном (instrumental singular)
Калиманта́не (prepositional singular)

Borneo (the world's third-largest island, in Southeast Asia, politically divided between Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia)

ru:Калимантан


古來

→ Malay: Kulai

This place was originally known as 龜來, since many turtles are found on the river bank after floods. Since the character 龜 is complex, it is later renamed 古來.

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/kuː³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/

(～縣) Kulai District (a district of Johor, Malaysia)

Kulai (a town, the capital of Kulai district, Johor, Malaysia)


美里

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


কুয়ালালামপুর

head

কুয়ালালামপুর • (kuẇalalampur)

bn:কুয়ালালামপুর


კუალა-ლუმპური

ka-proper noun

კუალა-ლუმპური • (ḳuala-lumṗuri)

ka:კუალა-ლუმპური


Κουάλα Λουμπούρ

head

Κουάλα Λουμπούρ • (Kouála Loumpoúr)

el:Κουάλα Λουμπούρ


קואלה לומפור

he-proper noun

קוּאָלָה לוּמְפּוּר

קוּאָלָה לוּמְפּוּר • (kuala lumpur)

קוּאָלָה לוּמְפּוּר (canonical)
kuala lumpur (romanization)

he:קואלה לומפור

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory, the capital and largest city of Malaysia, located in the western part of the country)


ကွာလာလမ်ပူ

my:ကွာလာလမ်ပူ

မြို့ မြို့#Burmese

(~မြို့) Kuala Lumpur (the capital of Malaysia)


कुआला लमपुर

hi-proper noun

कुआला लमपुर • (kuālā lampur) ?

kuālā lampur (romanization)
कुआला लमपुर (direct singular)
कुआला लमपुर (oblique singular)
कुआला लमपुर (singular vocative)
कुआलालंपुर (alternative)
क्वालालंपुर (alternative)
क्वालालमपुर (alternative)

[kʊ.äː.läː‿lɐ̃m.pʊɾ]

Borrowed from English Kuala Lumpur and Malay Kuala Lumpur, from kuala (“confluence”) + lumpur (“mud”).

hi:कुआलालम्पुर

Kuala Lumpur (a city, the capital city of Malaysia)


កូឡាឡាំពួរ

km:កូឡាឡាំពួរ


Alor Star

(historical) Alor Setar (a city, the state capital of Kedah, Malaysia).


Alor Star

Alor Setar (a city, the state capital of Kedah, Malaysia)


Sungai Ujong

ms-proper noun

Sungai Ujong (Jawi spelling سوڠاي اوجوڠ)

سوڠاي اوجوڠ (Jawi)

Chinese: 芙蓉 (fúróng) (Mandarin: fúróng, Cantonese: fu4 jung4)

Seremban (the capital city of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)


Fu Yong

(colloquial) Seremban (the capital city of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)


Melaka

Probably after melaka (“Indian gooseberry”) that grows in the region.

Malacca (a state of Malaysia; capital and largest city: Malacca)

Malacca (the largest city, the state capital of Malacca, Malaysia)


Pulau Pinang

Borrowed from Malay Pulau Pinang. By surface analysis, pulau (“island”) + pinang (“betelnut”).


Pulau Pinang

ڤولاو ڤينڠ (Jawi)

→ Burmese: ပီလောပီနံ (pilau:pinam)

From pulau (“island”) + pinang (“betelnut”). Originally only referred to the island off western coast of Malay peninsula, nowadays it is also used to refer the entire state (negeri).


Jesselton

Named after British businessman Charles Jessel, who was vice-chairman of the British North Borneo Company (1903-1909).

named-after

The former name of Kota Kinabalu, the capital city of Sabah, Malaysia.


Jesselton

Jesselton (the former name of Kota Kinabalu, the capital city of Sabah, Malaysia)


Langkawi

An island in the Andaman Sea off the coast of and in the state of Kedah, Malaysia.


Arau

Arau (the royal capital of Perlis, Malaysia)


Changlun

From Malay Changlun, from Thai ช้างหล่น (literally “Fallen Elephant”).

der

Changlun (a town in Kubang Pasu district, Kedah, Malaysia).


Changlun

→ Chinese: 樟崙 /樟仑 (Zhānglún)

→ Thai: จังลุน (jang-lun), จังโหลน (jang-lǒon)

Borrowed from Thai ช้างหล่น (cháang-lòn, literally “Fallen Elephant”).

bor+

Changlun (a town in Kubang Pasu district, Kedah, Malaysia)


Bintulu

The capital city of Bintulu district, Sarawak, Malaysia.


Bintulu

بينتولو (Jawi)

Bintulu (a city in Bintulu district, Bintulu Division, Sarawak, Malaysia)

Bintulu (a district of Bintulu Division, Sarawak, Malaysia)

Bintulu (a division of Sarawak, Malaysia)


Spratly Islands

Named after British whaling captain Richard Spratly who sighted the islands in 1843.

named-after

On the other hand, two moves by Japan during this period may have a certain significance. The first was announcement of Japanese occupation of the Spratly islands on March 31, complemented by the annexation, on April 18, of a group of reefs and islets 300 miles long between French Indo-China, the Philippines and British North Borneo in the South China Sea.[…]
The line of least resistance, however, clearly lies toward the south. France and Britain, in particular, would have small military and naval forces at their disposal to protect their eastern possession; or the oil of the Dutch East Indies—for Japan the greatest prize of all. The occupation of Hainan and the Spratly islands has already pointed the way. Only one serious obstacle threatens attainment of this objective: the United States.

1939 April 21, T. A. Bisson, “Roosevelt Appeal Jolts Dictators”, in Foreign Policy Bulletin, volume XVIII, number 26, Foreign Policy Association, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 2-3:

Japan has strengthened its naval position during the war by occupying Hainan Island, located midway between Hong Kong and French Indo-China and squarely athwart the sea route from Hong Kong to Singapore, and the Spratly Islands, off the coast of Indo-China, a little group of coral reefs which may be useful as advanced submarine bases.[…]
Japan remained relatively passive during the first weeks of the new crisis generated by Hitler’s eastward march and the efforts of Great Britain to forge a wall of resistance among the East European countries. The seizure of the Spratly Islands, a small group of coral reefs off the southeastern coast of Indo-China, was a minor operation, although this would certainly not have taken place if France had not been too much concerned in Europe to assert its right of ownership over the Spratly group.

1942, William Henry Chamberlin, “Can Japan Rule East Asia?”, in Japan Over Asia, Revised and Enlarged edition, Garden City, NY: Blue Ribbon Books, →OCLC, pages 424, 430:

In the eastern hemisphere the Japanese occupied the island of Hainan off French Indo-China; annexed the Spratly islands further south, between Indo-China and Borneo; and continued local gains in north China.

1945 January 20, “Seven New Year's Days”, in Army Talks, volume III, number 2, page 5:

The Spratly Islands in the South China Sea are still occupied by troops of the Republic of China, according to Major General Li Chang-hao, spokesman of the Ministry of National Defense.

1975 May 11, “ROC still holds Spratly Islands; no Red challenge”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVI, number 18, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1:

As far as can be determined, all of the Spratly Islands are capped by active coral reef and there are no other rock outcrops. Most of the ‘islands’ are under water at high tide, but some maintain a partial low elevation of a rim surrounding a lagoon, in which case they are sparsely vegetated and inhabited by sea birds. There are no indigenous human inhabitants, but tourists visit for diving and fishing and the military occupy many for territorial claims.

2010 October 9, Charles S. Hutchison, V.R. Vijayan, “What are the Spratly Islands?”, in Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, volume 39, number 5, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

A United States P8A surveillance aircraft flying near the disputed Spratly islands in the South China Sea on May 20 was asked by the Chinese navy to leave the area.

2015 May 21, “Chinese navy warns off U.S. reconnaissance plane over Spratlys”, in Focus Taiwan, archived from the original on 2022-09-27, Cross-Strait:

On December 10, a flotilla of 40 boats set off from the Philippine coastal town of El Nido in Palawan province to a group of islets and shoals in the South China Sea called the Spratly Islands, parts of which are claimed by several countries.

2023 December 26, Wesley Rahn, “Why the South China Sea was turbulent in 2023”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2023-12-26, Conflicts:

A group of islands, atolls, reefs, and cays in the South China Sea.


కౌలాలంపూర్

te-proper noun

కౌలాలంపూర్ • (kaulālampūr) ?

From Malay kuala (“confluence”) + lumpur (“mud”).

te:కౌలాలంపూర్

Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia)

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory of Malaysia)


Bera

→ Chinese: 百樂 /百乐 (Bǎilè)

→ Tamil: பெரா (perā)

Possibly from Semelai reba (“a type of seaweed”).


登州

→ English: Dengzhou, Tengchow

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

short for 登嘉樓州／登嘉楼州 (Dēngjiālóu zhōu, “Terengganu (a state of Malaysia)”)


Malay Archipelago

An archipelago and cultural region of Southeast Asia consisting of the islands between mainland Southeast Asia and Australia, including Indonesia, the Philippines, Brunei, East Malaysia (the part of Malaysia on the island of Borneo) and East Timor.


Մալայան արշիպելագ

head

Մալայան արշիպելագ

Մալայան արշիպելագ • (Malayan aršipelag)

hy-proper noun

Մալայան արշիպելագ

Մալայան արշիպելագ • (Malayan aršipelag)

Malayan aršipelag (romanization)
Մալայան արշիպելագ (nominative singular singular-only)
Մալայան արշիպելագի (dative singular singular-only)
Մալայան արշիպելագից (ablative singular singular-only)
Մալայան արշիպելագով (instrumental singular singular-only)
Մալայան արշիպելագում (locative singular singular-only)
Մալայան արշիպելագը (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Մալայան արշիպելագն (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Մալայան արշիպելագին (dative definite singular singular-only)
Մալայան արշիպելագս (first-person nominative possessive singular singular-only)
Մալայան արշիպելագիս (dative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Մալայան արշիպելագիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Մալայան արշիպելագովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular singular-only)
Մալայան արշիպելագումս (first-person locative possessive singular singular-only)
Մալայան արշիպելագդ (nominative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Մալայան արշիպելագիդ (dative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Մալայան արշիպելագիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Մալայան արշիպելագովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Մալայան արշիպելագումդ (locative possessive second-person singular singular-only)

hy-decl-noun-unc

Մալայան արշիպելագ

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/mɑlɑˈjɑn ɑɾʃipeˈlɑɡ/

[mɑlɑjɑ́n ɑɾʃipelɑ́ɡ]

Malay Archipelago
Malay Archipelago#English:_Q208643

Malay Archipelago (an archipelago and cultural region of Southeast Asia consisting of the islands between mainland Southeast Asia and Australia, including Indonesia, the Philippines, Brunei, East Malaysia (the part of Malaysia on the island of Borneo) and East Timor)

hy:Մալայան արշիպելագ


Malaca

Málaca (alternative)
Malacca (alternative)


Gemas

A town in Tampin district, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.


馬六甲

ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄚˇ

ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄚˇ

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ lʊk̚² kaːp̚³/

/ma⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ lak̚⁴⁻³ kaʔ³/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ lʊk̚² kaːp̚³/

/ma⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ lak̚⁴⁻³ kaʔ³/

Borrowed from Malay Melaka, via Hokkien.

1824, 尚德 [Walter Henry Medhurst], 咬𠺕吧總論, page 5:

Qiě Yǎoliúba zhī dìtǔ, shènwéi féihòu, shèng yú Mǎliùjiǎ jí Jùgǎng děng chù zhī dìtǔ, yīn yǒu duō huǒshān zhī cáiliào, yǔ qí tǔní jiāocān, yòu yīn tiānshàng jiàngyǔ shí, shān biān zhī líng tǔ, tóng liú xià píngdì qù, zhì qí tǔ miàn chéng hòu, suǒyǐ wéi féi yě.

且咬𠺕吧之地土，甚為肥厚，勝於馬六甲及巨港等處之地土，因有多火山之材料，與其土泥交參，又因天上降雨時，山邊之零土，同流下平地去，致其土面成厚，所以為肥也。

且咬𠺕吧之地土，甚为肥厚，胜于马六甲及巨港等处之地土，因有多火山之材料，与其土泥交参，又因天上降雨时，山边之零土，同流下平地去，致其土面成厚，所以为肥也。


ジョージタウン

ja-pos

ジョージタウン • (Jōji Taun)

George Town (the capital of Penang, Malaysia)


Port Dickson

A town and district in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.


Port Dickson

ڤورت ديقسن (Jawi)
Podeksen (alternative)

Port Dickson (a town and district of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)


ກົວລາລຳເປີ

lo-proper noun

ກົວລາລຳເປີ • (kūa lā lam pœ̄)

kūa lā lam pœ̄ (romanization)
ກົວລະລຳເປີ (alternative)

[kuːə̯˩˨.laː˩˨.lam˩˨.pɤː˩˨]

ກົວ-ລາ-ລຳ-ເປີ

ກົວ ລາ ລຳ ເປີ


Taiping

From Mandarin Chinese 太平 (Tàipíng, literally “Great Peace, Great Pacified Region”).

Tai-ping (alternative)
Tai-p'ing (alternative)
T'ai-p'ing (alternative)
Tai Ping (alternative)

Parit is a small town of roughly 2,000 people in the state of Perak, deep in the rural heartland of Malaysia, with no distinguishing feature other than its attractive location on the banks of a muddy river, which served as the backdrop to a few scenes in the 1999 movie “Anna and the King.” Once a convenient and bustling stopping-off point on the winding road from Ipoh, the state capital, to Taiping in the north, Parit suffered from the construction of the North-South Expressway in the 1990s, which diverted passing trade away from the town.

2015 July 23 [2015 July 22], Tash Aw, “A Return to the Malaysian Village”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-07-22, Opinion:

Various districts, towns, townships, mountains, and islands in China, Taiwan, and Malaysia.


馬來亞

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ lɔːi̯²¹ aː³³/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai²³⁻³³ a⁴⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵ jä⁵¹/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵ jä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/maː¹³ lɔːi̯²¹ aː³³/

/mã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai²³⁻³³ a⁴⁴/

/mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴⁻¹¹ a⁴⁴/

Malaya (a peninsula and geographic region of Southeast Asia constituting the southern part of the Malay Peninsula and several nearby islands, currently forming the western part of Malaysia; now known as West Malaysia or Peninsular Malaysia)


安順

From English Anson, from English Anson Bay (former name of Teluk Intan).

der

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ sɵn²²/

/ˀän⁵⁵ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ sɵn²²/


Jasin

Jasin District, a district of Malacca, Malaysia.


Alor Gajah

A town, the seat of Alor Gajah district, Malacca, Malaysia.


పుత్రజయ

From Sanskrit पुत्र (putra) + जय (jayá).

Putrajaya (the administrative capital of Malaysia)

Putrajaya (a federal territory of Malaysia)


道北

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɑʊ̯⁵¹ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～縣) Tumpat (a district of Kelantan, Malaysia)


吉打

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ taː³⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐt̚⁵ taː³⁵/


檳城

/piŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/peŋ³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/pin³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/piŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/pɐn⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

/peŋ³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

/pin³³⁻²¹ siã²³/

Shí gèrén qīn jiàn Bīnchéng tóngzhì zhī qióng, wúděng wángmìng jìngdì zhī kùn, rìcháng zhī fèi měi yǒu bùjǐ, gù ān dé yúzī yǐwéi huódòng, yǔ zàisān yán bì kě shèfǎ.

時各人親見檳城同志之窮，吾等亡命境地之困，日常之費每有不給，顧安得餘資以為活動，予再三言必可設法。

时各人亲见槟城同志之穷，吾等亡命境地之困，日常之费每有不给，顾安得余资以为活动，予再三言必可设法。


KL

[T]he Sultan and the Mentri Besar, the British Adviser, the crowd from K.L., God knows how much royalty from all over the Federation.

1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 159:

Initialism of Kuala Lumpur: the capital of Malaysia.


KL

initialism of Kuala Lumpur: the capital of Malaysia


古晉

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sɵn³³/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sɵn³³/

(～市) Kuching (a city, the capital city of Sarawak, Malaysia)


砂拉越

/ʂä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/saː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² uat̚⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² uat̚¹²¹/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴⁴⁻³³ uat̚⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴⁴⁻³³ uat̚⁴/

/ʂä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/saː⁵⁵ laːi̯⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² uat̚⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² la⁴⁴⁻²² uat̚¹²¹/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴⁴⁻³³ uat̚⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻³³ la⁴⁴⁻³³ uat̚⁴/


沙巴

/saː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵/


詩巫

/si⁴⁴⁻²² bu²⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² bu¹³/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ bu²⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ bu²³/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² bu²⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻²² bu¹³/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ bu²⁴/

/si⁴⁴⁻³³ bu²³/


Larkin

en-proper noun

Larkin (countable and uncountable, plural Larkins)

A suburb of Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.


雙溪大年

ㄕㄨㄤ ㄒㄧ ㄉㄚˋ ㄋㄧㄢˊ

ㄕㄨㄤ ㄒㄧ ㄉㄚˋ ㄋㄧㄢˊ

Шуанси Данянь

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ tä⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵ taːi̯²² niːn²¹/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ tä⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵ taːi̯²² niːn²¹/


柔佛

/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jɐu̯²¹ fɐt̚²/

/ʐoʊ̯³⁵ fu̯ɔ³⁵/

/jɐu̯²¹ fɐt̚²/


吉蘭丹

/t͡ɕi³⁵ län³⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ län³⁵ tän⁵⁵/


森美蘭

/sən⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/sən⁵⁵ meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

(～州) Negeri Sembilan (a state of Malaysia)


彭亨

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ xɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ hɐŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰɤŋ³⁵ xɤŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰaːŋ²¹ hɐŋ⁵⁵/


玻璃市

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

Phono-semantic matching of Malay Perlis.


登嘉樓

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

/tɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/tɐŋ⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/

Phono-semantic matching of Malay Terengganu, replacing the unsavory connotations of the characters used in 丁加奴 (Dīngjiānú).


納閩

/nä⁵¹ min²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nä⁵¹ min²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

1891, 薛福成 [Xue Fucheng], 出使英法義比四國日記, volume 4, page 34:

Nányáng Yīng shǔ gè dì, chú Xiānggǎng, Yǎngguāng, Sàlāwǎ, Běimùniáng, Nàmǐn, Wénlái jì Àodàlìyà gè bù, zàn zhì bù lùn wài, qí guī Xīnjiāpō xúnfǔ tǒngxiá zhě, ruò Bīnlángyǔ, Máliùjiǎ, jiē quán shǔ Yīng zhě yě; ruò Báilà, Shílán'é, Fúróng, Pénghēng, jiē guī Yīng bǎohù zhě yě.

南洋英屬各地，除香港、仰光、薩拉瓦、北慕娘、納閩、文萊暨澳大利亞各埠，暫置不論外，其歸新嘉坡巡撫統轄者，若檳榔嶼、麻六甲，皆全屬英者也；若白蠟、石蘭莪、芙蓉、彭亨，皆歸英保護者也。

南洋英属各地，除香港、仰光、萨拉瓦、北慕娘、纳闽、文莱暨澳大利亚各埠，暂置不论外，其归新嘉坡巡抚统辖者，若槟榔屿、麻六甲，皆全属英者也；若白蜡、石兰莪、芙蓉、彭亨，皆归英保护者也。

(～島) Labuan (an island and federal territory of Malaysia)


怡保

/i³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/i³⁵ pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市) Ipoh (the capital city of the state of Perak, Malaysia)


新山

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ sũã³³/

/ɕin⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ sũã³³/


亞庇

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi⁵¹/

/jä⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pi⁵¹/

Borrowed from Malay Api, Api-Api, the former names of the city. Api in the name may refer to mangroves. Compare Thai พีพี (pii-pii), name for the Phi Phi Islands which may be etymologically related.

(～市) Kota Kinabalu (a city, the state capital of Sabah, Malaysia)


莎阿南

/ʂä⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ ˀä⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

(～市) Shah Alam (a city, the state capital of Selangor, Malaysia)


亞羅士打

ㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄕˋ ㄉㄚˇ

ㄧㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄕˋ ㄉㄚˇ

/jä⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ lɔː²¹ siː²² taː³⁵/

/jä⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ lɔː²¹ siː²² taː³⁵/


八打靈再也

ㄅㄚ ㄉㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄗㄞˋ ㄧㄝˇ

ㄅㄚ ㄉㄚˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄗㄞˋ ㄧㄝˇ

Бадалин Цзайе

/pä⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ liŋ³⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


瓜拉登嘉樓

ㄍㄨㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄥ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄡˊ

ㄍㄨㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄉㄥ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄡˊ

Гуала Дэнцзялоу

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ tɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/

(～市) Kuala Terengganu (the capital city of Terengganu, Malaysia)


檳榔嶼

/piŋ⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pin⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐn⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɵy̯²²/

/pin³³⁻²¹ naŋ²³⁻²¹ su²¹/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ su³³/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍²³⁻³³ su³³/

/pin³³⁻²¹ nŋ̍²³⁻²¹ su²¹/

/piŋ⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pin⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɐn⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɵy̯²²/

/pin³³⁻²¹ naŋ²³⁻²¹ su²¹/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ su³³/

/pin⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍²³⁻³³ su³³/

/pin³³⁻²¹ nŋ̍²³⁻²¹ su²¹/

c. 1840, Karl Gützlaff, 貿易通志; quoted in 魏源 [Wei Yuan], 海國圖志 [Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms], volume 6, 1849, page 16:

Cǐwài Málàjiǎ, Bīnlángyǔ děng chù, yì Yīngjílì gōngsī suǒ jù, ér màoyì yǒuxiàn, bùjí Xīnjiāpō sān fēn zhī yī.

此外麻剌甲、檳榔嶼等處，亦英吉利公司所據，而貿易有限，不及新嘉坡三分之一。

此外麻剌甲、槟榔屿等处，亦英吉利公司所据，而贸易有限，不及新嘉坡三分之一。


喬治市

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ t͡siː²² siː¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ t͡siː²² siː¹³/

George Town (a city, the state capital of Penang, Malaysia)


麻坡

/mä³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/maː²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

/mũã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ po³³/

/mä³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/maː²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

/mũã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ po³³/


居鑾

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ lu̯än³⁵/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ lyːn²¹/

/t͡ɕy⁵⁵ lu̯än³⁵/

/kɵy̯⁵⁵ lyːn²¹/

Kluang (a town in Kluang district, Johor, Malaysia)


豐盛港

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²² kɔːŋ³⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵¹ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²² kɔːŋ³⁵/

Changed from the former name 茂盛港 (“Mersing”), which is a phono-semantic matching of Malay Mersing (using 茂盛) + 港 (“port”).


斗湖

/toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/tɐu̯³⁵ wuː²¹/

/toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/tɐu̯³⁵ wuː²¹/

Tawau (the district capital of Tawau district, Sabah, Malaysia)


加影

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ iŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ jɪŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ iŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaː⁵⁵ jɪŋ³⁵/


高嶺

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

For the fourth sense, borrowed from Malay Kodiang, from Thai เขาแดง (kǎo-dɛɛng, literally “Red Mount”).

der

(～市) Kodiang (a town in Kubang Pasu district, Kedah, Malaysia)


山打根

/ʂän⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ taː³⁵ kɐn⁵⁵/

/ʂän⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/

/saːn⁵⁵ taː³⁵ kɐn⁵⁵/

1891, 薛福成 [Xue Fucheng], 出使英法義比四國日記, volume 3, page 23:

Yòu Shāndǎgēn běn xì Yīng gōngsī zūdì, suǒ zū zài Bānniǎo quán dǎo bùguò sì fēn zhī yī, dìshì piān běi, hào Běibānniǎo, zhōuwéi yǒu shí wàn fānglǐ. Ér Shāndǎgēn běn gǎng, nèidì hédào shènduō, yí yú zhǒngzhí.

又山打根本係英公司租地，所租在般鳥全島不過四分之一，地勢偏北，號北般鳥，周圍有十萬方里。而山打根本港，內地河道甚多，宜於種植。

又山打根本系英公司租地，所租在般鸟全岛不过四分之一，地势偏北，号北般鸟，周围有十万方里。而山打根本港，内地河道甚多，宜于种植。

(～市) Sandakan (a city in Sabah, Malaysia)


賽城

/saɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/saɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of Malay Cyberjaya (cf. 賽博／赛博 (sàibó, “cyber-”)) + 城 (chéng, “city; town”).


巴生

/pä⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/pa⁵³⁻³⁴ saŋ³³/

/pä⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/pa⁵³⁻³⁴ saŋ³³/

Possibly from Malay pasang (“(of tide) to rise”).

(～市) Klang (a town in Selangor, Malaysia)


Straits Settlements

Named for the Singapore Straits on older maps of the area.

(historical) A former British colony in Southeast Asia, existing between 1826–1946 and consisting of modern-day Singapore and Malacca, Penang, and Perak in Malaysia, as well as a few other miscellaneous territories for other periods.


威省

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ saːŋ³⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ saːŋ³⁵/

Province Wellesley
Province Wellesley#English

Seberang Perai, Province Wellesley (a municipality of Penang, Malaysia)


民都魯

/min³⁵ tu⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/min³⁵ tu⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Bintulu (a town in Sarawak, Malaysia)

(～省) Bintulu (a division of Sarawak, Malaysia)


Boirneo

Boirneo (genitive)
Boirneo
Bhoirneo
mBoirneo

Probably from Sanskrit वरुणद्वीप (varuṇadvīpa, literally “island of Varuna”).

der

Malay Archipelago
Malay Archipelago#English

Borneo (an island in the Malay Archipelago, shared by Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei)


安邦

/ˀän⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/


馬口

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～鎮) Bahau (a town in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)


威南

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

South Seberang Perai District
South Seberang Perai District#English

(～縣) the South Seberang Perai District (a district of Penang, Malaysia)


威北

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

North Seberang Perai District
North Seberang Perai District#English

(～縣) the North Seberang Perai District (a district of Penang, Malaysia)


威中

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/weɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/wɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

Central Seberang Perai District
Central Seberang Perai District#English

(～縣) the Central Seberang Perai District (a district of Penang, Malaysia)


吉膽島

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ tän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Pulau Kedam, Crab Island (an island of Selangor, Malaysia)


大山腳

/tä⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tua²²⁻²¹ suã⁴⁴⁻²² kʰa⁴⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² suã³³ kʰa³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ suã⁴⁴⁻²² kʰa⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰa⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ suã⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰa⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tua²²⁻²¹ suã⁴⁴⁻²² kʰa⁴⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² suã³³ kʰa³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ suã⁴⁴⁻²² kʰa⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰa⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ suã⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰa⁴⁴/

大山腳聖安納教堂

大山脚圣安纳教堂

Bukit Mertajam (a town in Penang, Malaysia)


檳島

/pin⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pin⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


朱賓

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ pin⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ pin⁵⁵/


加央

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ jɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ jœːŋ⁵⁵/

Kangar (the capital of Perlis, Malaysia)


蘭卡威

/län³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/laːn²¹ kʰaː⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵/

/län³⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/laːn²¹ kʰaː⁵⁵ wɐi̯⁵⁵/

Langkawi (a district of Kedah, Malaysia)


庇能

/pi⁵¹ nɤŋ³⁵/

/pei̯³³ nɐŋ²¹/

/pi²¹ nɛŋ⁴⁴⁵/

/pi⁵¹ nɤŋ³⁵/

/pei̯³³ nɐŋ²¹/

/pi²¹ nɛŋ⁴⁴⁵/

(historical or Penang Hokkien) Penang (a state of Malaysia)


新埠

/sɐn⁵⁵ fɐu̯²²/

/sɐn⁵⁵ fɐu̯²²/

Xīnbù, hǎi zhōng dǎoyǔ yě. Yī míng Bùlù bīnláng, yòu míng Bīnlángshì, Yīngjílì yú Qiánlóng nián jiān kāipì zhě, zài Shālǎwǒ xīběi dàhǎi zhōng, yī shān dú zhì, zhōuwéi yuē bǎi yú lǐ.

新埠，海中島嶼也。一名布路檳榔，又名檳榔士，𠸄咭利于乾隆年間開闢者，在沙喇我西北大海中，一山獨峙，周圍約百餘里。

新埠，海中岛屿也。一名布路槟榔，又名槟榔士，𠸄咭利于乾隆年间开辟者，在沙喇我西北大海中，一山独峙，周围约百余里。

(dated) Penang (an island of Penang, Malaysia)


吉礁

alternative form of 吉打 (Jídǎ, “Kedah (a state of Malaysia)”)


白雲山

/paɪ̯³⁵ yn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hun²⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hun²⁴⁻²² suã³³/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hun¹³⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hun²⁴⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hun²³⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/paɪ̯³⁵ yn³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hun²⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² hun²⁴⁻²² suã³³/

/pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hun¹³⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hun²⁴⁻¹¹ suã⁴⁴/

/pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hun²³⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

Mount Erskine (a neighborhood of George Town, Penang, Malaysia)


梳邦再也

ㄕㄨ ㄅㄤ ㄗㄞˋ ㄧㄝˇ

ㄕㄨ ㄅㄤ ㄗㄞˋ ㄧㄝˇ

/ʂu⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂu⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Subang Jaya (a city in Petaling district, Selangor, Malaysia)


居林

(～縣) Kulim (a district of Kedah, Malaysia)


美農

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

/meɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵/


BTS

(music) Initialism of Bangtan Sonyeondan, a South Korean boy band.


大厝內

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lai²²/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ lai²²/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lai²²/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ lai²²/

1959 May 19, “馬六甲首席部長拿督奧士曼 前往大厝內巡視 應村民要求增設水喉及路燈”, in 南洋商报 [Nanyang Siang Pau]:

Běnzhōu shǒuxí bùcháng nádū Àoshìmàn yuányú zuóchén bāshí bàn yóu tàipíngjúshēn Shěn Mùyǔ jì Wǔyá Nàyě Bǎndǐ (jí Dàcuònèi) cūnmín dàibiǎo Lín Míngjí péitóngxià, xúnshì gāicūn, chuíxún mínqíng.

本州首席部長拿督奧士曼爰於昨晨八時半由太平局紳沈慕羽曁武牙那也板底（卽大厝內）村民代表林明吉陪同下，巡視該村，垂詢民情。

本州首席部长拿督奥士曼爰于昨晨八时半由太平局绅沈慕羽暨武牙那也板底（即大厝内）村民代表林明吉陪同下，巡视该村，垂询民情。

Bunga Raya Pantai
Bunga Raya Pantai#English


哥打丁宜

ㄍㄜ ㄉㄚˇ ㄉㄧㄥ ㄧˊ

ㄍㄜ ㄉㄚˇ ㄉㄧㄥ ㄧˊ

/kɤ⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵ i³⁵/

/ko³³⁻²³ ta⁵²⁻³⁵ teŋ³³⁻²³ ŋi⁵⁵/

/kɤ⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tiŋ⁵⁵ i³⁵/

/ko³³⁻²³ ta⁵²⁻³⁵ teŋ³³⁻²³ ŋi⁵⁵/

Kota Tinggi (a town in Kota Tinggi district, Johor, Malaysia)

(～縣) Kota Tinggi (a district of Johor, Malaysia)


မာလကာ

→ Jingpho: ma li ka

→ Shan: မၢၵ်ႇၵႃႇ (màak kàa)

မြို့ မြို့#Burmese


文東

/wən³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/wən³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

(～市, ～縣) Bentong (a town and district of Pahang, Malaysia)


文冬

/wən³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/wən³⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/

/mɐn²¹ tʊŋ⁵⁵/


海峽殖民地

ㄏㄞˇ ㄒㄧㄚˊ ㄓˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄧˋ

ㄏㄞˇ ㄒㄧㄚˊ ㄓˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄉㄧˋ

Хайся Чжиминьди

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ min³⁵ ti⁵¹/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕi̯ä³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ min³⁵ ti⁵¹/

Straits Settlements
Straits Settlements#English:_Q376178

(historical) Straits Settlements (a former British colony in Southeast Asia, existing between 1826–1946 and consisting of modern-day Singapore and Malacca, Penang, and Perak in Malaysia, as well as a few other miscellaneous territories for other periods)


जोहोर बाहरू

hi-proper noun

जोहोर बाहरू • (johor bāhrū) ? (Urdu spelling جوہور باہرو)

johor bāhrū (romanization)
جوہور باہرو (Urdu)
जोहोर बारू (alternative)

/d͡ʒoː.ɦoːɾ bɑːɦ.ɾuː/

[d͡ʒoː.ɦoːɾ‿bäːʱ.ɾuː]

Borrowed from English Johor Bahru and Malay Johor Bahru.

Johor Bahru (a city, the state capital of Johor, Malaysia)

hi:जोहोर बाहरू


पुत्रजया

putrajayā (romanization)
पुत्रजय (alternative)
पुत्रजाया (alternative)

/pʊt̪.ɾᵊ.d͡ʒə.jɑː/

[pʊt̪.ɾᵊ.d͡ʒɐ.jäː]

Borrowed from Malay Putrajaya, from putra (“prince”) + jaya (“success”), ultimately from Sanskrit पुत्र (putrá)+ जय (jayá); named after the first Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra. Compare Telugu పుత్రజయ (putrajaya).

Putrajaya (the administrative capital of Malaysia)

Putrajaya (a federal territory of Malaysia)


停泊島

ㄊㄧㄥˊ ㄅㄛˊ ㄉㄠˇ

ㄊㄧㄥˊ ㄅㄛˊ ㄉㄠˇ

/tʰiŋ³⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiŋ³⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Perhentian Islands (a group of islands of Terengganu, Malaysia) consisting of Perhentian Besar and Perhentian Kecil.


雙溪毛糯

ㄕㄨㄤ ㄒㄧ ㄇㄠˊ ㄋㄨㄛˋ

ㄕㄨㄤ ㄒㄧ ㄇㄠˊ ㄋㄨㄛˋ

Шуанси Маоно

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵ nu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ mɑʊ̯³⁵ nu̯ɔ⁵¹/

Sungai Buloh (a city in Selangor, Malaysia)


安邦再也

ㄢ ㄅㄤ ㄗㄞˋ ㄧㄝˇ

ㄢ ㄅㄤ ㄗㄞˋ ㄧㄝˇ

Аньбан Цзайе

/ˀän⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀän⁵⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Ampang Jaya (a town in Selangor, Malaysia)


沙白安南

ㄕㄚ ㄅㄞˊ ㄢ ㄋㄢˊ

ㄕㄚ ㄅㄞˊ ㄢ ㄋㄢˊ

Шабай Аньнань

/ʂä⁵⁵ paɪ̯³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/ʂä⁵⁵ paɪ̯³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

(～縣) Sabak Bernam (a district of Selangor, Malaysia)


關丹

/ku̯än⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/

/ku̯än⁵⁵ tän⁵⁵/

(～市) Kuantan (the capital city of Pahang, Malaysia)

(～縣) Kuantan (a district of Pahang, Malaysia)

(～村) Kampung Kuantan (a village in Kuala Selangor district, Selangor, Malaysia)


KV

(Malaysia) Abbreviation of Klang Valley.


士乃

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː²² naːi̯¹³/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː²² naːi̯¹³/

Senai (a town and mukim of Kulai district, Johor, Malaysia)


曼絨

/män⁵¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/maːn²² jʊŋ²¹/

/män⁵¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/maːn²² jʊŋ²¹/

(～縣) Manjung (a district of Perak, Malaysia)


Burmah Road

A street in George Town, Penang, Malaysia.


車水路

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵ lou̯²²/

/t͡sʰia³³⁻²¹ t͡sui⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ lɔ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵ lou̯²²/

/t͡sʰia³³⁻²¹ t͡sui⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ lɔ²¹/

Named after the ox-carts that carried water through Burmah Road to reach George Town, Penang.

Burmah Road (a road in Penang, Malaysia)


和豐

/xɤ³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔː²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤ³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/

/wɔː²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/

Sungai Siput (a town in Kuala Kangsar district, Perak, Malaysia)


九洞

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʊŋ⁵¹/

(～新村) Jelapang (a town in Kinta district, Perak, Malaysia)


宜力

(～縣) Gerik (a mukim of Hulu Perak district, Perak, Malaysia)


華玲

/xu̯ä³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

/xu̯ä³⁵ liŋ³⁵/

(～縣) Baling (a district of Kedah, Malaysia)


吉輦

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ni̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi³⁵ ni̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～縣) Kerian (a district of Perak, Malaysia)


高淵

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵⁵/

/kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn⁵⁵/

Possibly from the name of the Kerian River, which would make it cognate with the district name 吉輦／吉辇 (Jíniǎn, “Kerian”).

Nibong Tebal (a town in Seberang Perai, Penang, Malaysia)


萬津

/wän⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

/wän⁵¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/

Banting (a town in Kuala Langat district, Selangor, Malaysia)


利豐港

/li⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li⁵¹ fɤŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Sungai Mati (a town in Serom, Tangkak district, Johor, Malaysia)


Куала Лумпур

mk-proper noun

Куа́ла Лу́мпур

куалалумпурски

Куа́ла Лу́мпур • (Kuála Lúmpur) m (relational adjective куалалумпурски)

Куа́ла Лу́мпур (canonical)
Kuála Lúmpur (romanization)
куалалумпурски (adjective relational)

mk:Куала Лумпур

Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia)

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory of Malaysia)


波德申

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ tɤ³⁵ ʂən⁵⁵/

/pɔː⁵⁵ tɐk̚⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Port Dickson (a district of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)

Port Dickson (a coastal town, the capital of Port Dickson district, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)


Kampar

From Indonesian Kampar and Malay Kampar.


Kampar

→ English: Kampar

→ Chinese: 金寶 /金宝 (jīnbǎo)

Kampar (a town in the state of Perak, Malaysia)


เประ

bpee-rá (romanization)
เประก์ (alternative)
เปรัก (alternative)

รัฐ รัฐ#Thai


泗里街

/sz̩⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/siː³³ lei̯¹³ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

/sz̩⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/siː³³ lei̯¹³ kaːi̯⁵⁵/

Sarikei (a town and capital of Sarikei Division, Sarawak, Malaysia)

(～省) Sarikei (a division of Sarawak, Malaysia)


浮羅交怡

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄠ ㄧˊ

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄐㄧㄠ ㄧˊ

/fu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ i³⁵/

/fɐu̯²¹ lɔː²¹ kaːu̯⁵⁵ jiː²¹/

/fu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ i³⁵/

/fɐu̯²¹ lɔː²¹ kaːu̯⁵⁵ jiː²¹/

Langkawi (a district of Kedah, Malaysia)


淡馬魯

/tän⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tän⁵¹ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～市, ～縣) Temerloh (a city, a district of Pahang, Malaysia)


增卡

/t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵ kʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


而連突

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ tʰu⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ liːn²¹ tɐt̚²/

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ li̯ɛn³⁵ tʰu⁵⁵/

/jiː²¹ liːn²¹ tɐt̚²/

(～市, ～縣) Jerantut (a town and district of Pahang, Malaysia)


魯容

/lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ jʊŋ²¹/

/lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐʊŋ³⁵/

/lou̯¹³ jʊŋ²¹/

Duyong (a state constituency in Malaysia)


峇吉里

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵ lei̯¹³/

/pä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/paː⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵ lei̯¹³/

Bakri (a federal constituency in Malaysia)


木威

/mu⁵¹ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/mʊk̚² wɐi̯⁵⁵/

/mu⁵¹ weɪ̯⁵⁵/

/mʊk̚² wɐi̯⁵⁵/


文德甲

ㄨㄣˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄚˇ

ㄨㄣˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄚˇ

/wən³⁵ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐn²¹ tɐk̚⁵ kaːp̚³/

/wən³⁵ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mɐn²¹ tɐk̚⁵ kaːp̚³/


மலாக்கா

head

மலாக்கா • (malākkā)

Borrowed from English Malacca. Ultimately from Malay Melaka.


黑木山

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ mu⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ mu⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

Most probably calque of Malay Bukit Kayu Hitam (literally “Black Wood Hill”).

calque

Bukit Kayu Hitam (a town in Kubang Pasu district, Kedah, Malaysia)


金馬崙

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ maː¹³ lɵn²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴/

/kim³³ be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun³³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ maː¹³ lɵn²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴/

/kim³³ be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun³³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴/

Cameron Highlands
Cameron Highlands#English

Cameron Highlands (a hill station and district of Pahang, Malaysia)


Maran

→ Chinese: 馬蘭 /马兰 (mǎlán)

desc

→ Tamil: மாரான் (mārāṉ)

→ Tamil: மாரான் (mārāṉ)


Golok

A river in Malaysia and Thailand that flows north-eastwards on the border of both countries.


Golok

(sungai~) a river in Malaysia and Thailand that flows north-eastwards on the border of both countries.


โก-ลก

แม่น้ำ แม่น้ำ#Thai

(แม่น้ำ~) Golok (a river in Thailand and Malaysia)


ปีนัง

Borrowed from Malay pinang, from Pulau Pinang.

รัฐ รัฐ#Thai

เกาะ เกาะ#Thai


Padang Besar

A border town in Perlis, northern Malaysia.


Padang Besar

ڤدڠ بسر (Jawi)

Padang Besar (a town in Perlis, Malaysia)


Kuala Lipis

A town in Lipis District, Pahang, Malaysia.


Port Klang

A town and port in the Klang District, Selangor, Malaysia.


Teluk Intan

A town in Hilir Perak District, Perak, Malaysia.


Teluk Intan

تلوق اينتن (Jawi)

→ English: Teluk Intan


Kuala Sepetang

A coastal town in Larut, Matang and Selama District, Perak, Malaysia.


Batu Arang

A former coal-mining town in Gombak District, Selangor, Malaysia.


淡杯

/tän⁵¹ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/tän⁵¹ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

Tampoi (a suburb of Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia)


哥打峇魯

ㄍㄜ ㄉㄚˇ ㄅㄚ ㄌㄨˇ

ㄍㄜ ㄉㄚˇ ㄅㄚ ㄌㄨˇ

/kɤ⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɤ⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Kota Bharu (the capital city of Kelantan, Malaysia)


ボルネオ

Borneo (an island shared by Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei)


打巴

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵/

/taː³⁵ paː⁵⁵/

/tä²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵⁵/

/taː³⁵ paː⁵⁵/

1954 May 13, 胡履德, quotee, “太平北吡叻廣東會舘 舉行重修落成慶典（續昨）”, in 星洲日報 [Sin Chew Jit Poh], page 9:

The fourth stage is a difficult time: At the time, I was the head of Tapah, and in Tapah there were two Cantonese towns; the leaders of the towns had resisted and killed bandits; their bravery gave me a sort of encouragement, and I will never forget them.

dai⁶ sei³ gaai¹ dyun⁶ hai⁶ jat¹ go³ gaan¹ naan⁴ ge³ si⁴ kei⁴, dong¹ si⁴ ngo⁵ hai⁶ daa² baa¹ ge³ jyun² zoeng², hai² daa² baa¹ jau⁵ loeng⁵ go³ gwong² dung¹ jan⁴ ge³ fau⁶ zai², fau⁶ zai² ge³ ling⁵ zau⁶ cang⁴ ging¹ dai² kong³ kap⁶ saat³ sei² gwo³ fei² tou⁴, keoi⁵ dei⁶ ge³ jung⁵ hei³ bei² ngo⁵ jat¹ zung² ge³ gu² lai⁶, ngo⁵ wing⁵ jyun⁵ m⁴ wui⁵ mong⁴ gei³ keoi⁵ dei⁶.

第四階段係一個艱難嘅時期，當時我係打巴嘅縣長，在打巴有兩個廣東人嘅埠仔，埠仔嘅領袖曾經抵抗及殺死過匪徒，佢地嘅勇氣被我一種嘅鼓勵，我永遠唔會忘記佢地。

第四阶段系一个艰难嘅时期，当时我系打巴嘅县长，在打巴有两个广东人嘅埠仔，埠仔嘅领袖曾经抵抗及杀死过匪徒，佢地嘅勇气被我一种嘅鼓励，我永远唔会忘记佢地。


甲市

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

short for 馬六甲市／马六甲市 (Mǎliùjiǎ shì, “Malacca (a city in Malacca, Malaysia)”)


玻市

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

short for 玻璃市 (Bōlíshì, “Perlis (a state of Malaysia)”)


Perai

An industrial town in Penang, Malaysia, on the mainland opposite the island of Penang.


Bukit Mertajam

A town in Seberang Perai, Penang, Malaysia.


Tumpat

A district in Kelantan, Malaysia, on the border with Thailand.


Pasir Mas

A town and district in Kelantan, Malaysia.


愛大華

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ xu̯ä³⁵/

/ˀaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tä⁵¹ xu̯ä³⁵/

Ayer Tawar (a city in Manjung district, Perak, Malaysia)


福清洋

/fu³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/fu³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

Kampung Cina (a village in Sitiawan, Manjung district, Perak, Malaysia)


馬蘭

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ län³⁵/

(～市, ～縣) Maran (a town and district of Pahang, Malaysia)


கடாரம்

ta-proper noun

கடாரம் • (kaṭāram)

kaṭāram (romanization)
கடாரம் (nominative singular)
கடாரமே (singular vocative)
கடாரத்தை (accusative singular)
கடாரத்துக்கு (dative singular)
கடாரத்துக்காக (benefactive singular)
கடாரத்துடைய (singular)
கடாரத்தின் (singular)
கடாரத்தில் (singular)
கடாரத்திடம் (singular)
கடாரத்தோடு (singular)
கடாரத்துடன் (singular)
கடாரத்தால் (instrumental singular)
கடாரத்திலிருந்து (ablative singular)

Compare Malay Kedah, Tamil காழகம் (kāḻakam).


壩羅

/pä⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/paː³³ lɔː²¹/

/pä⁵¹ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/paː³³ lɔː²¹/

Borrowed from Malay Paloh, the name of a kampung in Ipoh.

(dated) Ipoh (a city in Perak, Malaysia)


海峡植民地

ja-pos

かいきょう しょくみんち

海(かい)峡(きょう)植(しょく)民(みん)地(ち) • (Kaikyō Shokuminchi)

海峡植民地 (canonical)
Kaikyō Shokuminchi (romanization)

[ka̠ikʲo̞ː ɕo̞kɯ̟mʲĩɲ̟t͡ɕi]

(historical) Straits Settlements (a former British colony in Southeast Asia, existing between 1826–1946 and consisting of modern-day Singapore and Malacca, Penang, and Perak in Malaysia, as well as a few other miscellaneous territories for other periods)


ペナン島

ペナン島 (canonical)
Penan-tō (romanization)


Seberang Perai

Unadapted borrowing from Malay Seberang Perai.

ubor

A city in Penang, Malaysia, consisting of the peninsular part of Penang. City centre: Butterworth.


瓜拉古樓

ㄍㄨㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄡˊ

ㄍㄨㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄡˊ

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ loʊ̯³⁵/

/ku̯ä⁵⁵ lä⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ loʊ̯³⁵/

Kuala Kurau (a mukim of the Kerian District, Perak, Malaysia)


Sandakan

The capital city of Sandakan district, Sabah, Malaysia.


Sandakan

سنداکن (Jawi)

Sandakan (the capital city of Sandakan district, Sabah, Malaysia)

Sandakan (a district of Sabah, Malaysia)


Koeala Loempoer

Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia)

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory of Malaysia)


มะละกา

th-proper noun

มะละกา • (má-lá-gaa)

Borrowed from Malay Melaka (“Melacca”). Doublet of มะละกอ (má-lá-gɔɔ)

th:รัฐมะละกา

รัฐ รัฐ#Thai

Malacca (a city, the state capital of Malacca, Malaysia)


เกอดะฮ์

เกอดะฮ์ • (gəə-dà)

gəə-dà (romanization)
เคดาห์ (alternative)

/kɤː˧.daʔ˨˩/

th:รัฐเกอดะฮ์


เนอเกอรีเซิมบีลัน

เนอเกอรีเซิมบีลัน • (nəə-gəə-rii səəm-bii-lan)

รัฐ รัฐ#Thai

(รัฐ~) Negeri Sembilan (a state of Malaysia)

th:รัฐเนอเกอรีเซิมบีลัน


สลังงอร์

สลังงอร์ • (sà-lǎng-ngɔɔ)

/sa˨˩.laŋ˩˩˦.ŋɔː˧/

รัฐ รัฐ#Thai

th:รัฐสลังงอร์


ยะโฮร์

ยะโฮร์ • (yá-hoo)

รัฐ รัฐ#Thai

th:รัฐยะโฮร์


ปะลิส

ปะลิส • (bpà-lít)

รัฐ รัฐ#Thai


กลันตัน

รัฐ รัฐ#Thai

th:รัฐกลันตัน


ตรังกานู

รัฐ รัฐ#Thai

th:รัฐตรังกานู


ปะหัง

ปะหัง • (bpà-hǎng)

รัฐ รัฐ#Thai


ซาบาห์

รัฐ รัฐ#Thai

th:รัฐซาบาห์


ซาราวัก

รัฐ รัฐ#Thai

th:รัฐซาราวัก


ปุตราจายา

Putrajaya (a city, a federal territory, the administrative capital of Malaysia)


ลาบวน

an island, a federal territory of Malaysia


கோலாலம்பூர்

ta-proper noun

கோலாலம்பூர் • (kōlālampūr)

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory, the capital city of Malaysia)


புத்ராஜெயா

புத்ராஜெயா • (putrājeyā)

Putrajaya (a federal territory, an admimistrative capital in Malaysia)


லாபுவான்

லாபுவான் • (lāpuvāṉ)

Labuan (an island, a federal territory of Malaysia)


சரவாக்

சரவாக் • (caravāk)


சபா

சபா • (capā)


ஜோகூர்

ஜோகூர் • (jōkūr)

jōkūr (romanization)
ஜொகூர் (alternative)


நெகிரி செம்பிலான்

நெகிரி செம்பிலான் • (nekiri cempilāṉ)


சிலாங்கூர்

சிலாங்கூர் • (cilāṅkūr)

/t͡ɕilaːŋɡuːɾ/


பேராக்

பேராக் • (pērāk)


பினாங்கு

பினாங்கு • (piṉāṅku)

Either from Malay pinang, from Pulau Pinang, or English Penang.


கெடா

கெடா • (keṭā)


பெர்லிஸ்

பெர்லிஸ் • (perlis)


கிளந்தான்

கிளந்தான் • (kiḷantāṉ)


திராங்கானு

திராங்கானு • (tirāṅkāṉu)

/t̪iɾaːŋɡaːnɯ/


பகாங்

பகாங் • (pakāṅ)


Tampin

A town and district in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.


Bestari Jaya

A town in Kuala Selangor district, Selangor, Malaysia.


Kuala Selangor

From Malay kuala + Selangor (“the river”).

A town and district in Selangor, Malaysia.


Bahau

A town in Jempol district, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.


Tanah Merah

From Malay tanah merah (red land, soil, earth).


Kajang

A town in Hulu Langat district, Selangor, Malaysia.


Tanjong Malim

A town in Muallim district, Perak, Malaysia.


Tanjong Malim

ms-proper noun

Tanjong Malim (Jawi spelling تنجوڠ ماليم)

تنجوڠ ماليم (Jawi)

Tanjong Malim (a town in Muallim district, Perak, Malaysia)


Tapah Road

A town in Batang Padang district, Perak, Malaysia.


Rawang

A town in Gombak district, Selangor, Malaysia.


Bangsar

Originally Bungsar, after Belgians Edouard Bunge and Alfred Grisar.


坡底

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰo³³⁻²¹ te⁴⁴⁵/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² tue⁴²/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² tue⁴²/

/pɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tue⁴²/

/pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pʰo³³⁻²¹ te⁴⁴⁵/

/pʰo⁴⁴⁻²² tue⁴²/

/po⁴⁴⁻²² tue⁴²/

/pɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tue⁴²/

(Singapore, Malaysia) downtown; city centre

(Penang Hokkien, specifically) George Town (a city, the state capital of Penang, Malaysia)


Iskandar Puteri

The administrative capital of Johor, Malaysia.


依斯干達公主城

ㄧ ㄙ ㄍㄢ ㄉㄚˊ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄓㄨˇ ㄔㄥˊ

ㄧ ㄙ ㄍㄢ ㄉㄚˊ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄓㄨˇ ㄔㄥˊ

Исыганьда Гунчжу Чэн

/i⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵ kän⁵⁵ tä³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/jiː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵ kɔːn⁵⁵ taːt̚² kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡syː³⁵ sɪŋ²¹/

Partial calque of Malay Iskandar Puteri (literally “princess Iskandar”).

partial calque

Iskandar Puteri (a city in Johor, Malaysia)


Tawau

The district capital of Tawau district, Sabah, Malaysia.


Tawau

Tawau (a city in Tawau district, Sabah, Malaysia)


Kinabalu

The highest mountain in Malaysia, located in the state of Sabah.


十五碑

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² ŋ̍¹³ pei̯⁵⁵/

/sip̚⁴⁻³² ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴/

/sip̚²⁴⁻² ŋɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pi³³/

/sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴/

/sip̚⁴⁻³² ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴/

/sip̚⁴⁻³² ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/sɐp̚² ŋ̍¹³ pei̯⁵⁵/

/sip̚⁴⁻³² ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴/

/sip̚²⁴⁻² ŋɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pi³³/

/sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴/

/sip̚⁴⁻³² ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴/

/sip̚⁴⁻³² ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pi⁴⁴/

Brickfields (a neighbourhood of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)


Pelabuhan Klang

ms-proper noun

Pelabuhan Klang (Jawi spelling ڤلابوهن کلڠ)

ڤلابوهن کلڠ (Jawi)

Port Klang (a town and port in the Klang District, Selangor, Malaysia)


Puchong

From Malay Puchong, from pucung (“heron”).

A town in the Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia.


Puchong

From pucung (“heron”). The spelling is a carry-over from the Za'aba Spelling used before 1972.

Puchong (a town, a in the Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia)


Petaling Jaya

A city in the Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia.


Petaling Jaya

Petaling Jaya (Jawi spelling ڤتاليڠ جاي)

ڤتاليڠ جاي (Jawi)

Petaling Jaya (a city in the Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia)


Slim River

Named after a nearby river, Sungai (“river” in Malay) Slim, itself named in the 19th century after the English captain William Slim, who accidentally went up the river instead of the Perak River which was the main waterway back then.

A town in the Mualim District, Perak, Malaysia.


Slim River

سليم ريۏر (Jawi)

Slim River (a town in the Mualim District, Perak, Malaysia)


巴東勿剎

ㄅㄚ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄨˋ ㄕㄚ

ㄅㄚ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄨˋ ㄕㄚ

/pä⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ u⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/

/pä⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵ u⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/

Padang Besar (a town in Perlis, Malaysia)


Chukai

A town, the capital of the Kemaman District, Terengganu, Malaysia.


Chukai

چوکاي (Jawi)
Cukai (alternative)
Cuka (alternative)

→ Chinese: 朱蓋 /朱盖 (Zhūgài)

→ Tamil: சுக்காய் (cukkāy)

From cukai (“tax”). The spelling is a carry-over from the Za'aba Spelling used before 1972.

Chukai (a town, the capital of the Kemaman District, Terengganu, Malaysia)


சுங்கை பட்டாணி

ta-proper noun

சுங்கை பட்டாணி • (cuṅkai paṭṭāṇi)

Sungai Petani (a city in Kedah, Malaysia)


کوالالامپور

head

کوالالامپور • (kuwālā-lāmpūr /ku'âlâ-lâmpur)

kuwālā-lāmpūr (romanization)
ku'âlâ-lâmpur (romanization)
کوالا لامپور (alternative)

Ultimately derived from Malay Kuala Lumpur.

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory, the capital and largest city of Malaysia, located in the western part of the country).

fa:کوالالامپور


仙本那

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ nä⁵¹/

Semporna (a town and capital of the Semporna District, Tawau Division, Sabah, Malaysia)


務邊

/u⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/u⁵¹ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

Gopeng (a town in Kempar district, Perak, Malaysia)


Lahad Datu

The district capital of Lahad Datu district, Sabah, Malaysia.


Lahad Datu

لحد داتو (Jawi)

Lahad Datu (a city in Lahad Datu district, Sabah, Malaysia)

Lahad Datu (a district of Sabah, Malaysia)


拿篤

/nä³⁵ tu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naː²¹ tʊk̚⁵/

/nä³⁵ tu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naː²¹ tʊk̚⁵/

(～市) Lahad Datu (the district capital of Lahad Datu district, Sabah, Malaysia)


Batu Pahat

باتو ڤاهت (Jawi)

→ Chinese: 峇株巴轄 /峇株巴辖 (Bāzhū Bāxiá)

→ Tamil: பத்து பகாட் (pattu pakāṭ)

Batu Pahat (a town and district of Johor, Malaysia)


峇株巴轄

ㄅㄚ ㄓㄨ ㄅㄚ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

ㄅㄚ ㄓㄨ ㄅㄚ ㄒㄧㄚˊ

/pä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡syː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ hɐt̚²/

/ba²³⁻²¹ tu³³⁻²¹ pa³³⁻²¹ hat̚³/

/ba²⁴⁻²¹ tu⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² hat̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻²² tu³³ pa³³ hat̚⁵³/

/pä⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä³⁵/

/paː⁵⁵ t͡syː⁵⁵ paː⁵⁵ hɐt̚²/

/ba²³⁻²¹ tu³³⁻²¹ pa³³⁻²¹ hat̚³/

/ba²⁴⁻²¹ tu⁴⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴⁻²² hat̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻²² tu³³ pa³³ hat̚⁵³/

(～市, ～縣) Batu Pahat (a town and district of Johor, Malaysia)


Sekijang

Either from:
* se- + kijang (“muntjac”)
* akar sekijang (“a plant, Erycibe princii”)

Sekijang (a federal constituency in Segamat district, Johor, Malaysia)


Balik Pulau

باليق ڤولاو (Jawi)

desc

→ Chinese: 浮羅山背 /浮罗山背 (Fúluó Shānbèi) (calque)

balik (“behind; back”) + pulau (“island”)

com

the capital of Southwest district, Penang, Malaysia


浮羅

/fu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pʰu²³⁻²¹ lo²³/

/fu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pʰu²³⁻²¹ lo²³/

(Penang Hokkien) Balik Pulau (the capital of Southwest district, Penang, Malaysia)


浮羅山背

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄕㄢ ㄅㄟˋ

ㄈㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄕㄢ ㄅㄟˋ

Фуло Шаньбэй

/fu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/fu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵ peɪ̯⁵¹/

Borrowed from Malay pulau + 山背 (shānbèi), partial calque of Malay Balik Pulau.


適耕莊

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ kɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ kɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

Phono-semantic matching of Malay Sekinchan.

psm

Sekinchan (a town in Sabak Bernam district, Selangor, Malaysia)


Sabak Bernam

Unadapted borrowing from Malay Sabak Bernam.


Sabak Bernam

سابق برنم (Jawi)

→ Chinese: 沙白安南 (Shābái Ānnán)

sabak (“vat; slate”) + berenam (“group of six”)


Sekinchan

سکينچن (Jawi)

→ Chinese: 適耕莊 /适耕庄 (Shìgēng Zhuāng)

Possibly from a corruption of English second chance after the British pardoned the Communists.

a town in Sabak Bernam district, Selangor, Malaysia


Manjung

→ Chinese: 曼絨 /曼绒 (Mànróng)


Pasir Panjang

ms-proper noun

Pasir Panjang (Jawi spelling ڤاسير ڤنجڠ)

ڤاسير ڤنجڠ (Jawi)

→ Chinese: 巴西班讓 /巴西班让 (Bāxī Bānràng)

a state constituency in Manjung district, Perak, Malaysia

a town in Port Dickson district, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

a village in Kuala Terengganu district, Terengganu, Malaysia

a village in Kuching district, Sarawak, Malaysia

a village in Sabak Bernam district, Selangor, Malaysia

a village in Southwest district, Penang, Malaysia


巴西班讓

ㄅㄚ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄢ ㄖㄤˋ

ㄅㄚ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄢ ㄖㄤˋ

Баси Баньжан

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ pän⁵⁵ ʐɑŋ⁵¹/

/pä⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵ pän⁵⁵ ʐɑŋ⁵¹/

a state constituency in Manjung district, Perak, Malaysia

a town in Port Dickson district, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

a village in Kuala Terengganu district, Terengganu, Malaysia

a village in Kuching district, Sarawak, Malaysia

a village in Sabak Bernam district, Selangor, Malaysia

a village in Southwest district, Penang, Malaysia


Temerloh

تمرلوه (Jawi)

→ Chinese: 淡馬魯 /淡马鲁 (Dànmǎlǔ)

→ Tamil: தெமர்லோ (temarlō)


Bentong

desc

→ Chinese: 文冬 (Wéndōng), 文東 /文东 (Wéndōng)

→ Tamil: பெந்தோங் (pentōṅ)


百樂

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹/

/paːk̚³ lɔːk̚²/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lɤ⁵¹/

/paːk̚³ lɔːk̚²/

(～市, ～縣) Bera (a city, a district of Pahang, Malaysia)


金馬崙高原

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄍㄠ ㄩㄢˊ

ㄐㄧㄣ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄍㄠ ㄩㄢˊ

Цзиньмалунь Гаоюань

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ maː¹³ lɵn²¹ kou̯⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/kim³³ be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun³³ ko³³ ɡuan²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻²² be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan¹³/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²⁴/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ lu̯ən³⁵ kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ maː¹³ lɵn²¹ kou̯⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/

/kim³³ be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun³³ ko³³ ɡuan²⁴/

Borrowed from English Cameron + 高原 (gāoyuán), partial calque of English Cameron Highlands.

pclq

(～縣) Cameron Highlands (a hill station and district of Pahang, Malaysia)


Cameron Highlands

A hill station and district of Pahang, Malaysia.


Tanah Tinggi Cameron

ms-proper noun

تانه تيڠݢي کاميرون

Tanah Tinggi Cameron (Jawi spelling تانه تيڠݢي کاميرون)

تانه تيڠݢي کاميرون (Jawi)


Jerantut

جرنتوت (Jawi)

→ Chinese: 而連突 /而连突 (Érliántū)

desc

→ Tamil: ஜெராண்டுட் (jerāṇṭuṭ)

→ Tamil: ஜெராண்டுட் (jerāṇṭuṭ)

Possibly from blend of jeram (“rapids in a stream”) + Tut (“a person's name”).


Lipis

→ Chinese: 立卑 (Lìbēi)

→ Tamil: லிப்பிஸ் (lippis)

a district of Pahang, Malaysia; capital: Kuala Lipis


立卑

/li⁵¹ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

/li⁵¹ peɪ̯⁵⁵/

(～縣) Lipis (a district of Pahang, Malaysia; capital: Kuala Lipis)


Pekan

→ Chinese: 北根 (Běigēn)

→ Tamil: பெக்கான் (pekkāṉ)


北根

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɐn⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ kən⁵⁵/

/pɐk̚⁵ kɐn⁵⁵/

(～市, ～縣) Pekan (a town and district of Pahang, Malaysia)


勞勿

/lɑʊ̯³⁵ u⁵¹/

/lɑʊ̯³⁵ u⁵¹/

(～市, ～縣) Raub (a town and district of Pahang, Malaysia)


雲冰

/wɐn²¹ pɪŋ⁵⁵/

/wɐn²¹ pɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Kuala Rompin (a town in Rompin district, Pahang, Malaysia)

(～縣) Rompin (a district of Pahang, Malaysia; capital: Kuala Rompin)


Rompin

رومڤين (Jawi)

→ Chinese: 雲冰 /云冰 (Yúnbīng)

→ Tamil: ரொம்பின் (rompiṉ)

Possibly from blend of ru (“beach ironwood”) + ramping (“slim”).

a district of Pahang, Malaysia; capital: Kuala Rompin


Perhentian

ڤرهنتين (Jawi)

desc

→ Chinese: 停泊島 /停泊岛 (Tíngbó Dǎo) (calque)

From perhentian (literally “station; stopping point”).

(Pulau ~) a group of islands of Terengganu, Malaysia consisting of Perhentian Besar and Perhentian Kecil.


笨珍

/pən⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/

/pən⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/


樟崙

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ lɵn²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ lɵn²¹/

Borrowed from Malay Changlun, from Thai ช้างหล่น (cháang-lòn, literally “Fallen Elephant”).

der

Changlun (a town in Kubang Pasu district, Kedah, Malaysia)


Kubang Pasu

Unadapted borrowing from Malay Kubang Pasu.


Kubang Pasu

کوبڠ ڤاسو (Jawi)

→ Chinese: 古邦巴素 (Gǔbāng Bāsù)

desc

→ Thai: กูบังปาซู

→ Thai: กูบังปาซู

From kubang (“wallow; mud pool”) + pasu (“basin; deep bowl”).

com

Kubang Pasu (a district of Kedah, Malaysia)


古邦巴素

ㄍㄨˇ ㄅㄤ ㄅㄚ ㄙㄨˋ

ㄍㄨˇ ㄅㄤ ㄅㄚ ㄙㄨˋ

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ pɑŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ su⁵¹/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ pɑŋ⁵⁵ pä⁵⁵ su⁵¹/


Bukit Kayu Hitam

ms-proper noun

بوکيت کايو هيتم

Bukit Kayu Hitam (Jawi spelling بوکيت کايو هيتم)

بوکيت کايو هيتم (Jawi)

→ Chinese: 黑木山 (Hēimùshān) (calque)

→ Southern Thai: ควนไม้ดำ (calque)

desc

บูกิตกายูฮีตัม

→ Thai: บูกิตกายูฮีตัม

→ Thai: บูกิตกายูฮีตัม

From bukit (“hill”) + kayu (“wood”) + hitam (“black”), literally “Black Wood Hill”.

com

Bukit Kayu Hitam (a town in Kubang Pasu district, Kedah, Malaysia)


ควนไม้ดำ

Calque of Malay Bukit Kayu Hitam (literally “Black Wood Hill”).


Kodiang

کودياڠ (Jawi)

→ Chinese: 高嶺 /高岭 (Gāolǐng)

Borrowed from Thai เขาแดง (kǎo-dɛɛng, literally “Red Mount”).

bor+

Kodiang (a town in Kubang Pasu district, Kedah, Malaysia)


仕林河

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ lin³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ lin³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

Borrowed from English Slim + 河 (hé), partial calque of English Slim River.

Slim River (a town in Muallim district, Perak, Malaysia)


朱蓋

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kɔːi̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kɔːi̯³³/

Borrowed from Malay Chukai, from cukai (“tax”), from Tamil சுங்கம் (cuṅkam).

(～市) Chukai (a town in Kemaman district, Terengganu, Malaysia)


Kemaman

→ Chinese: 甘馬挽 /甘马挽 (Gānmǎwǎn)

desc

→ Tamil: கெமாமான் (kemāmāṉ)

→ Tamil: கெமாமான் (kemāmāṉ)


甘馬挽

/kän⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐm⁵⁵ maː¹³ waːn¹³/

/kän⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ wän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐm⁵⁵ maː¹³ waːn¹³/

(～县) Kemaman (a district of Terengganu, Malaysia)


கிள்ளான்

ta-proper noun

கிள்ளான் • (kiḷḷāṉ)


孟蘭邦

/mɤŋ⁵¹ län³⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/maːŋ²² laːn²¹ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/mɤŋ⁵¹ län³⁵ pɑŋ⁵⁵/

/maːŋ²² laːn²¹ pɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～島) Pulau Merambong (a shoal in Johor, Malaysia), formerly known as Pulo Ular.


Merambong

مرمبوڠ (Jawi)

desc

→ Chinese: 孟蘭邦島 /孟兰邦岛

→ Chinese: 孟蘭邦島 /孟兰邦岛

மெரம்போங் தீவு

→ Tamil: மெரம்போங் தீவு (merampōṅ tīvu)

→ Tamil: மெரம்போங் தீவு (merampōṅ tīvu)

(Pulau ~) Pulau Merambong (a shoal in Johor, Malaysia), formerly known as Pulo Ular.


Tanjung Rambutan

Borrowed from Malay Tanjung Rambutan. Sense 3 refers to the notorious reputation of the psychiatric hospital located there as associated with people with mental illnesses.

A town in Kinta district, Perak, Malaysia.


Tanjung Rambutan

→ English: Tanjung Rambutan

Literally "rambutan cape". Sense 3 refers to the notorious reputation of the psychiatric hospital located there as associated with people with mental illnesses.

Tanjong Malim (a town in Kinta district, Perak, Malaysia)


實兆遠

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

Sitiawan (a mukim of Manjung district, Perak, Malaysia)


Kudat

Borrowed from Malay Kudat, a corruption of Rungus kutad.

The district capital of Kudat district, Sabah, Malaysia.


Kudat

Kudat (the capital city of Kudat district, Kudat Division, Sabah, Malaysia)

Kudat (a district of Kudat Division, Sabah, Malaysia)


烏魯地南

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄋㄢˊ

ㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄋㄢˊ

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/u⁵⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti⁵¹ nän³⁵/

(～市) Ulu Tiram (a town in Johor Bahru district, Johor, Malaysia)


Ulu Tiram

From ulu (“upriver; head”) + tiram (“oyster”).

compound

a town in Johor Bahru district, Johor, Malaysia


Kota Belud

کوتا بلود (Jawi)

From kota (“town”) + West Coast Bajau belud (“hill; mountain”). Literally, “hill/mountain town”.

West Coast Bajau <i class="Latn mention" lang="bdr">belud</i>

Kota Belud (a city in Kota Belud district, Sabah, Malaysia)

Kota Belud (a district of Sabah, Malaysia)


Lahat

The slip took place near the village of Lahat, shortly after the passage of the up and down mail trains between Kuala Lumpur and Penang.

1955 December, “Notes and News: Track Subsidence in Malaya”, in Railway Magazine, page 877:

A suburb of Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia, originally a village.


Cyberjaya

a city in the Sepang District, Selangor, Malaysia


Kulai

Borrowed from Chinese 古來 /古来 (gǔlái), originally named as 龜來 after the turtles that are found on the nearby river banks after floods.

Kulai District (a district of Johor, Malaysia)

Kulai (a town, the capital of Kulai district, Johor, Malaysia)


Somban

Seremban (the capital city of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)


萬捷

/wän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/wän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

Borrowed from Malay Bachok, from Thai บ้านจาก (Bâan Jàak, literally “Village of Nipa Palms”) via Pattani Malay [Term?].

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(～縣) Bachok (a district of Kelantan, Malaysia)


Bachok

Bachok (a district of Kelantan, Malaysia).


Bachok

→ Chinese: 萬捷 /万捷 (Wànjié)

→ English: Bachok

→ Tamil: பாச்சோக் (pāccōk)

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→ Thai: บาจก (Baa-jòk), บาเจาะ (Baa-jɔ̀)

Borrowed from Thai บ้านจาก (Bâan Jàak, literally “Village of Nipa Palms”) via Pattani Malay [Term?].