婺

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moɡs): phonetic 敄 (OC *moʔ, *mos) + semantic 女 (“woman”).

Han compound

(～州) A former prefecture in modern Zhejiang


甌

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoː) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo, “vessel”) + semantic 瓦 (“pottery”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔəw-ŋ (“pot; vat; jar”) (reconstructed provisionally). Related to 碗 (OC *qoːnʔ, “bowl”) and possibly 甕 (OC *qoːŋs, “urn”). Compare Burmese အိုး (ui:, “pot”) (Schuessler, 2007).

inh

Abbreviation of 溫州／温州 (Wēnzhōu): Wenzhou (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, in southeastern China)


鰲

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːw): phonetic 敖 (OC *ŋaːw) + semantic 魚 (“fish”)
Possibly a back-formation from 黿 (OC *ŋoːn, *ŋon, “large turtle”) with final -n discarded due to folk etymology (Schuessler, 2007).


Ningbo

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 寧波／宁波 (Níngbō), literally "Peaceful Waves".

zh-l

寧波／宁波 (Níngbō)

The containers were shipped from the eastern Chinese port of Ningbo to Piraeus by sea, and were then transported to Budapest in two trains that reached on Jan. 29 and Feb. 5, according to China's official People's Daily newspaper.

2017 February 8, “New land-sea route opens between China and central Europe”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2017-02-08:

Congestion off China's top two container ports Shanghai and Ningbo is worsening following the shutdown of a container terminal in Ningbo where a COVID-19 case was detected this week.

2021 August 12, Muyu Xu, Gavin Maguire, “Major container ports in eastern China see worsening congestion after COVID-19 cases”, in Kim Coghill, David Evans, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-08-12, China:

A port city, prefecture-level city, and subprovincial city in eastern Zhejiang, China.


Ningbo

Ningbo (a port city, prefecture-level city, and subprovincial city in eastern Zhejiang, China)


大麻

/taːi̯²² maː²¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ muã²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² muã²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ muã¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ muã²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ muã²³/

/taːi̯²² maː²¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ muã²⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² muã²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ muã¹³/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ muã²⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ muã²³/

/taːi̯²² maː²¹/

(～鎮) Dama (a town in Tongxiang, Jiaxing, Zhejiang)


寧波

/niŋ³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/nɪŋ²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

/ⁿden²² pᵘɔ³³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² pʰo³³/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰo⁴⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ pʰɤ⁴⁴/

/niŋ³⁵ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

/nɪŋ²¹ pɔː⁵⁵/

/ⁿden²² pᵘɔ³³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² pʰo³³/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰo⁴⁴/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ pʰɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Ningbo (a port city, prefecture-level city, and subprovincial city in eastern Zhejiang, China)


寧波

ja-pos

寧(ねい)波(は) or 寧波(ニンポー) • (Neiha or Ninpō)

寧波 (canonical)
寧波 (canonical)
Neiha (romanization)
Ninpō (romanization)


杭州

ja-r

杭(こう)州(しゅう) (Kōshū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (杭州):
* → Japanese: 杭(こう)州(しゅう) (Kōshū)
* → Korean: 항주(杭州) (Hangju)
* → Vietnamese: Hàng Châu (杭州)

/xɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ²² t͡siu³³/

/hɔŋ¹¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/haŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/haŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/

/ɦɑ̃²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/xɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ²² t͡siu³³/

/hɔŋ¹¹ t͡su⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/haŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/haŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/haŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/

/ɦɑ̃²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

The province's name derived from 餘杭／余杭 (Yúháng), traditionally glossed as a mistake for 禹航 (“Yu's ferry”) but more likely a transcription into Old Chinese characters of a native Proto-Wu placename.

zh-l

餘杭／余杭 (Yúháng)

(～市) Hangzhou (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, China)


杭州

ja-pos

杭(こう)州(しゅう) • (Kōshū)

Hangzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, in eastern China)


杭州

To distinguish it orally with 広州(こうしゅう) (Kōshū).

ja-r

広州(こうしゅう) (Kōshū)


錢塘

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ʑi²² dɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ʑi²² dɑ̃⁴⁴/

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Qian Liu
Tang dynasty
Wuyue

Named for the dyke constructed on the river by Qian Liu (錢鏐), ruler of Wuyue, one of the Ten Kingdoms that succeeded the Tang dynasty.

(～江) Qiantang River (a river in Zhejiang, China)


温州

ja-pos

温(おん)州(しゅう) or 温(うん)州(しゅう) • (Onshū or Unshū)

温州 (canonical)
温州 (canonical)
Onshū (romanization)
Unshū (romanization)

Wenzhou (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, in southeastern China)


諸葛

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (諸葛):
* → Japanese: 諸葛(しょかつ) (Shokatsu)
* → Korean: 제갈(諸葛) (Jegal)

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kɔːt̚³/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɑʔ²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kat̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² kat̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kɔːt̚³/

/t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɑʔ²⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kat̚³²/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² kat̚³²/

三個臭皮匠，勝過諸葛亮／三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮

sān ge chòupíjiàng, shèngguò Zhūgě Liàng

(～鎮) Zhuge (a town in Lanxi, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)

(～村) Zhuge (a village in Zhuge, Lanxi, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


溫州

/wən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/vun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/uŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siu³³/

/uən⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

/wən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wɐn⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/vun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/un⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/uŋ³³⁻²³ t͡siu³³/

/uən⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

(～市) Wenzhou (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, in southeastern China)


天台

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰɔːi̯²¹/

Tiantai (a county of Taizhou, Zhejiang, China)


江東

ja-pos

江(こう)東(とう) • (Kōtō)

Jiangdong (a district of Zhejiang, China)


開化

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (開化):
* → Japanese: 開(かい)化(か) (kaika)
* → Korean: 개화(開化) (gaehwa)
* → Vietnamese: khai hoá (開化)

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä²/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/

/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ä²/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ faː³³/

/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ fa⁵⁵/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/

(～縣) Kaihua County (a county of Zhejiang, China)


常山

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san³³/

/siɔŋ¹³⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²³⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² san³³/

/siɔŋ¹³⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²³⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

(～縣) Changshan (a county of Quzhou, Zhejiang, China)


江山

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ se²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/koŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ se²¹/

(～市) Jiangshan (a county-level city in Quzhou, Zhejiang, China)


平陽

/pʰiŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/pʰi̯aŋ¹¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ iũ²³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/pẽ²³⁻³³ iũ²³/

/pɛ̃¹³⁻²² iɔ̃¹³/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/pʰi̯aŋ¹¹ i̯oŋ¹¹/

/piɪŋ²³⁻³³ iũ²³/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/piɪŋ²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ iũ²⁴/

/pẽ²³⁻³³ iũ²³/

/pɛ̃¹³⁻²² iɔ̃¹³/

(～縣) Pingyang County (a county of Zhejiang, China)


瑯琊

/lɑŋ³⁵ jä³⁵/

/lɑŋ³⁵ jɛ³⁵/

/lɔːŋ²¹ jɛː²¹/

/lɔːŋ²¹ ŋaː²¹/

/lɑŋ³⁵ jä³⁵/

/lɑŋ³⁵ jɛ³⁵/

/lɔːŋ²¹ jɛː²¹/

/lɔːŋ²¹ ŋaː²¹/

(～鎮) Langya (a town in Wucheng district, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


Hangzhou

/ˌhɑŋˈd͡ʒoʊ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 杭州 (Hángzhōu), from its former role as the seat of Hang Prefecture (also 杭州 (Hángzhōu)), folk etymologized as a reference to King Yu's ferry over the Qiantang on his way to Shaoxing but more likely a transliteration of an earlier Baiyue placename.

In the Province of Chekiang, near the chief City of Hangcheu, runs a River, which in regard of its courſe, is called ſometimes Che, at other times Cientang, and in ſome places Cingan.

[1669, John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, →OCLC, page 238:

Tibetan colors and gilding are frequently mentioned in Chinese texts, and several monuments survive northwest of Beijing and in Hangzhou in southeast China that were designed by Tibetan monks and were very likely built and carved by both Tibetan and Chinese artists.

1983, Pratapaditya Pal, Art of Tibet, →ISBN, page 30:

A former imperial capital famed for its West Lake and surrounding temples, Hangzhou has lately grown famous as the hometown of internet commerce giant Alibaba.

2021 August 22, “Top official in eastern China’s Hangzhou under investigation”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2021-08-22:

China’s outbreaks and the ensuing restrictions have led to a number of events being canceled or postponed, most recently the Asian Games originally scheduled for September in the city of Hangzhou, 177 kilometers (110 miles) west of Shanghai.

2022 May 13, “Shanghai will try to ease 7-week virus lockdown in few days”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-13:

A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, in eastern China; a former imperial capital.


南海

/nän³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ⁿdam²² hᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/lam²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/

/nän³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/naːm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ⁿdam²² hᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/lam²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/

; "Nanhai, Guangdong, China; Nanhai Commandery"

Shǔ zhī bǐ yǒu èr sēng: qí yī pín, qí yī fù. Pín zhě yǔ yú fù zhě yuē: “Wú yù zhī Nánhǎi, hérú?”

蜀之鄙有二僧：其一貧，其一富。貧者語於富者曰：「吾欲之南海，何如？」

蜀之鄙有二僧：其一贫，其一富。贫者语于富者曰：「吾欲之南海，何如？」

(historical) Mount Putuo (an island and mountain in Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China)


婺州

/u⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/mou̯²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/u⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/mou̯²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Wuzhou (an ancient name for the city of Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


建德

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/

(～市) Jiande (a county-level city in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


臨海

/lin³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/lin³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐm²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～縣) Linhai County (a county-level city in Zhejiang, China)


三門

Sino-Xenic (三門):
* → Japanese: 三門(さんもん) (sanmon)
* → Korean: 삼문(三門) (sammun)

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/sän⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

(～縣) Sanmen (a county of Taizhou, Zhejiang, China)


Ханчжоу

ru-proper noun

Ханчжо́у • (Xančžóu) m inan (indeclinable)

Ханчжо́у (canonical)
Xančžóu (romanization)

Hangzhou (the capital city of Zhejiang, China)


江北

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ poʔ²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

/kɑ̃⁵⁵ poʔ²¹/

(～區) Jiangbei (a district of Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)


Ao

From atonal romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 鰲／鳌 (Áo) and 敖 (Áo).

To produce leather goods, plants dumped an estimated 8,000 tonnes of waste a day into the Ao River, transforming its once-clear waters into a foul-smelling cesspool.

2004 July 3, Ray Cheung, “Polluted pig-leather capital is cleaned up”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-11-24:


舟山

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sieu⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁵⁵ se²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/

/t͡sieu⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ suã⁴⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁵⁵ se²¹/

(～島) Zhoushan (an island in Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China)

(～市) Zhoushan (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, China)


青田

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn²¹/

(～縣) Qingtian (a county of Lishui, Zhejiang, China)


嘉興

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka³³ hiɪŋ³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka³³ hiɪŋ³³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

(～市) Jiaxing (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, China)


餘杭

/jyː²¹ hɔːŋ²¹/

/ɦy²² ɦɑ̃⁴⁴/

/jyː²¹ hɔːŋ²¹/

/ɦy²² ɦɑ̃⁴⁴/

Probably an Old Chinese transcription of an original Baiyue name, but folk etymologized as deriving from 禹航 (Yǔ Háng, “Yu's ferry”).
Li (1995) considers 餘 (OC *la) to be derived from a Kra-Dai substrate word. Compare Proto-Tai *rɤjᴮ (“dry field”), whence Zhuang reih and Thai ไร่ (râi). Alternatively, Zhengzhang (1990) suggests it may be derived from Proto-Kam-Sui *ra (“field; farmland”), whence Southern Kam jav (/ja⁵/), Sui qxgas (/ʔɣa⁵/), Maonan yras (/ʔja⁵/). This element is also seen in 餘姚／余姚 (Yúyáo).

zh-l

餘姚／余姚 (Yúyáo)

(historical) (～縣) Yuhang (a former county of Zhejiang, China)

(～區) Yuhang (a district of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


餘姚

/y³⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵/

/jyː²¹ jiːu̯²¹/

/y³⁵ jɑʊ̯³⁵/

/jyː²¹ jiːu̯²¹/

餘 (OC *la) is thought to be the same as the first syllable in 餘杭, and may be derived from a Kra-Dai substrate word. See 餘杭 for more.

(～市) Yuyao (a county-level city in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)


Taizhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 台州 (Tāizhōu).

On Friday, congregants at the Wenling Church in the city of Taizhou faced off with as many as 4,000 police officers but failed to prevent the removal of two crosses from atop their building.[…]
One of the two crosses that were removed on Friday from the Wenling Church in Taizhou in Zhejiang Province, China.[…]
At the Wenling Church in Taizhou, congregants said hundreds of Christians sang hymns at daybreak on Friday as the riot police surrounded the church, which is anchored by a distinctive clock tower capped by a bright red cross.

2014 July 28, Andrew Jacobs, “China Removes Crosses From Two More Churches in Crackdown”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-07-29, Asia Pacific:

A prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, in eastern China.


Wenzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 溫州／温州 (Wēnzhōu).

The issue of land ownership rights came into focus in Wenzhou in April after the local government demanded that homeowners whose land-use rights had expired after 20 years pay fees of up to a third of the value of their homes before they could sell their apartments. The decision provoked protests from property owners in Wenzhou, a coastal city of eight million that was one of the first to set up private enterprise after the government opened up the economy in the late 1970s.

2016 December 26, Sui-Lee Wee, “China Reassures Homeowners Worried About Land Rights”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-12-26, Business:

Saola is not the only storm threatening China this weekend, as Haikui, a second Pacific typhoon, is expected to make landfall on Sunday in eastern China, south of the city of Wenzhou, the US Embassy in Beijing said in a weather alert.

2023 September 2, “Super typhoon Saola leaves trail of destruction in southern China”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2023-12-28:

A prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, in southeastern China.

Cambridge University Press
Defense Mapping Agency
Wenzhou

温州

おんしゅう, Onshū; うんしゅう, Unshū


五常

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ sœːŋ²¹/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²³/

/ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ¹³/

/u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ŋ̍¹³ sœːŋ²¹/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɔŋ²³/

/ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɔŋ²⁴/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siaŋ¹³/

(～街道) Wuchang (a subdistrict of Yuhang district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


西湖

→ English: West Lake (calque)

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ wuː²¹/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

; “West Lake (in Hangzhou)”
; “Xihu District, Hangzhou”

West Lake (a lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～區) Xihu (a district of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


West Lake

Calque of Chinese 西湖 (Xī Hú, literally “west lake”)

calque

Marco Polo, the Venetian traveller, who visited China about the year 1200, speaks of it, as "pre-eminent above all other cities in the world, in point of grandeur and beauty, as well as from its abundant delights, which might lead an inhabitant to imagine himself in paradise;" and in another place describing Si-wu or West Lake, an artificial sheet of water just without the city wall, he says: "All around the lake are beautiful palaces and houses, so wonderfully built that nothing can possibly surpass them; they belong to the great and noble men of the city. In the middle of the lake are two islands, on one of which stands a palace so wonderfully adorned that it seems worthy of belonging to the emperor."

1869, Helen S. C. Nevius, Our Life in China, New York: Robert Carter and Brothers, →OCLC, page 129:

One of the few ancient relics of the original Monastery is to be found within, the Lo Han Pagoda, with its marvelous carvings of sixteen Lo Han. These sixteen Lo Han are one of the three great wonders or glories of Hangchow, the other two being the West Lake and the River Bore.

1922, Robert F. Fitch, “The Fifth Itinerary”, in Hangchow Itineraries, Kelly & Walsh, →OCLC, page 33:

HANGCHOW, China, Feb. 26 (UPI)—President Nixon and Premier Chou En‐lai strolled through picturesque gardens of cameiias, pansies and magnolias today then went boating on West Lake, one of China's leading scenic attractions.

1972 February 27, “Nixon and Chou Stroll and Go Boating in Hangchow”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-07-04, page 30:

Hangchow cuisine can be summed up with the phrase "southern ingredients, northern style" (南菜北烹). This means that the varieties of fish, shrimp, and other crustaceans in Hangchow's much-celebrated historic West Lake are prepared in northern-style, sweet and sour-based flavors.

2001 September 28, Sen-lun Yu, “Restaurant of the week: Tien Hsiang Lo (天香樓)”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-02-24, Features, page 10:


橋頭

desc

→ English: Chiaotou, Ch'iao-t'ou, Ciaotou, Qiaotou

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio¹³⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/kio²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/kiɤ²³⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/kʰiːu̯²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio²⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/kio¹³⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/kio²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/kiɤ²³⁻³³ tʰau²³/

(～鎮) Qiaotou (a town in Cixi, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)


安吉

→ English: Anji, Anchi

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵/

/ˀän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ kɐt̚⁵/

(～縣) Anji (a county of Huzhou, Zhejiang, China)


Shaoxing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 紹興／绍兴 (Shàoxīng), named for an era of the Song dynasty.

Now, demand is waning in the United States, and Shaoxing, a coastal city that is one of the world’s biggest textile centers, has fallen victim to the global downturn.

2009 February 27, David Barboza, “A Textile Capital of China Is Hobbled by a Downturn Gone Global”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2011-04-01, World Business:

A prefecture-level city in eastern Zhejiang, China, along the southern shore of Hangzhou Bay, the site of the former capitals of the Yue kingdom and Kuaiji Commandery.

Cambridge University Press
Chinese History: A New Manual
Harvard University Press
Shaoxing


Shaoxing

Shaoxing (a prefecture-level city in eastern Zhejiang, China)


紹興

→ English: Shao-hsing, Shaoxing

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯²² hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sieu²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾iŋ⁵⁵/

/siau²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siau⁴¹⁻²² hiɪŋ³³/

/siau²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siau³³⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siau³³⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/zɔ²² ɕin⁴⁴/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/siːu̯²² hɪŋ⁵⁵/

/sieu²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾iŋ⁵⁵/

/siau²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siau⁴¹⁻²² hiɪŋ³³/

/siau²²⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siau³³⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siau³³⁻²¹ hiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/zɔ²² ɕin⁴⁴/

(～市) Shaoxing (a prefecture-level city in eastern Zhejiang, China)


紹興

ja-pos

紹(しょう)興(こう) • (Shōkō)


上城

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² sɪŋ²¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/sœːŋ²² sɪŋ²¹/

Shangcheng District
w:Shangcheng District

Shangcheng District (a district of Hangzhou, which includes the sites of the imperial Chinese cities of Qiantang and Lin'an)


臨安

/lin³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/lin³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/lɐm²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Lin'an (a district of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


Yandang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 雁蕩／雁荡 (Yàndàng, literally “Wild Goose Pond”).

bor

A town in Yueqing, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.


莫干山

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ kän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/mu̯ɔ⁵¹ kän⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

Named after 莫邪 (Mòyé) and 干將 (Gānjiāng), two legendary southern swordsmiths during China's Spring and Autumn Period.


雁蕩

/jɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑŋ⁵¹/

/jɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑŋ⁵¹/

(～鎮) Yandang (a town in Yueqing, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


金華

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/kiŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ xu̯ä³⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ waː²¹/

/kiŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ɦo²¹/

(～市) Jinhua (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, China)


Jinhua

/d͡ʒɪnˈhwɑː/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 金華／金华 (Jīnhuá, literally “golden flourishing”).

der

From Wenchow there was a bus route to Kinhua, the provincial capital; and from Kinhua a railroad led straight inland to Nanchang.

[1941, Joy Homer, Dawn Watch in China, →OCLC, page 6:

An international flock of young architects has left its imprint on Jinhua, a city about four hours south of Shanghai. Since March 2004, 17 pavilions have risen there, all set on a 44-acre riverfront park.

2005 October 9, Andrew Yang, “The Remix; Art Park”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-29, Magazine:

Over 370 people were detained, prosecuted or otherwise reprimanded in the case, police in Jinhua city said in a statement on their website. Jinhua is in Zhejiang province on China’s eastern coast, a zone known for its shadowy financial networks.

2015 November 20, Erika Kinetz, Yu Bing, Fu Ting, “China breaks up $64 billion underground banking network”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2023-03-07:

A major city in central Zhejiang, in eastern China.


北山

→ English: Beishan

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～街道) Beishan (a subdistrict of Xihu district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～鎮) Beishan (a town in Qingtian, Lishui, Zhejiang, China)


台州

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tʰe⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰaɪ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tʰɔːi̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tʰe⁵⁵ t͡sɤ²¹/

(～市) Taizhou (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, China)


Ningpo

In Ningpo, the ninth City of the Province of Chekiang, both ſides of the Artificial Rivers, for ſeveral miles together, are made up with Stone : At the end of every River lyes a Sluce, through which all Veſſels muſt paſs before they come into it.

1669, John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, page 229:

In the Lower Yangtze plain section of Chekiang, rice is associated with winter wheat and with silk and cotton. Cotton is also cultivated-on the south shore of Hangchow Bay, chiefly around Yüyao, from where it is shipped to Shanghai and Ningpo.

1956, Theodore Shabad, China's Changing Map: A Political and Economic Geography of the Chinese People's Republic, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, page 153:

The Shang-yü gazetteer describes the increasing unruliness of tenants from the Opium War period on, and rather disingenuously places all the blame on the unrest stirred up by the British invasion of Ningpo at that time.

1986, James H. Cole, Shaohsing: Competition and Cooperation in Nineteenth-Century China, University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 32:

She grew up in Chevy Chase; Long Beach, Calif.; Ningpo, China; and Geneva as the family moved because of her father's Navy assignments.

2006 October 28, “Obituaries”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-10-15:

The men from Ningpo who'd moved to Shanghai and created banking empires are just the type of bankers Jack likes: tight-lipped.

2018, Paul French, City of Devils, Picador, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 51:

Yamei Kin was born in 1864 in the eastern Chinese city of Ningpo, now called Ningbo, to a Chinese pastor and his wife, according to an annotated bibliography of Kin’s life that was published in 2016 by the SoyInfo Center in California.

2018 October 17, Mark Ives, “Overlooked No More: Yamei Kin, the Chinese Doctor Who Introduced Tofu to the West”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-10-17, Obituaries:

Alternative form of Ningbo, a port-city, prefecture-level city, and subprovincial city in Zhejiang, China


義烏

→ English: I-wu, Yiwu

/jiː²² wuː⁵⁵/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ ɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻²² ɔ³³/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ ɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡi³³⁻¹¹ ɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡi³³⁻²¹ ɔ⁴⁴/

/jiː²² wuː⁵⁵/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ ɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡi⁴¹⁻²² ɔ³³/

/ɡi²²⁻²¹ ɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡi³³⁻¹¹ ɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡi³³⁻²¹ ɔ⁴⁴/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Yiwu (a county-level city and former county of Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


梅林

/muːi̯²¹ lɐm²¹/

/muːi̯²¹ lɐm²¹/

(～街道) Meilin (a subdistrict of Ninghai, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)


Beishan

Translingual: beishanensis, Beishanlong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 北山 (Běishān).

A subdistrict of Xihu district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

A town in Qingtian, Lishui, Zhejiang, China.


青龍

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

(～江) Qinglong (a river in Zhejiang, China), an alternative name of the lower Ao (鰲江/鳌江)


石柱

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/

/ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʈ͡ʂuɻʷ⁵¹/

(～鎮) Shizhu (a town in Yongkang, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


普陀

→ English: Pootoo

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ tʰɔː²¹/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²⁴/

/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ to²⁴/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to¹³/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²⁴/

/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ²³/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ tʰɔː²¹/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²⁴/

/pʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ to²⁴/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to¹³/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²⁴/

/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ²³/

Borrowed from Sanskrit पोतलक (potalaka).

(～山) Mount Putuo (an island and mountain in Putuo district, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China)

(～區) Putuo (a district of Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China)


Zhapu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 乍浦 (Zhàpǔ).

In that year the large Hangzhou garrison was subdivided when a Left Wing (zuo yi) brigade-general was created at Zhapu to oversee the naval garrison on the shores of Pinghu County. Zhapu was the port of Hangzhou.

1990, Pamela Kyle Crossley, Orphan Warriors: Three Manchu Generations and the End of the Qing World, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 69:

Scholarly consensus exists that, by the time of the Taiping rebellion, both were in bad shape, poorly equipped, with low morale - with the qualification made by Crossley in Orphan Warriors that the British were amazed at the fighting spirit which the Manchus displayed during the attack on the garrison of Zhapu near Shanghai in an episode of the First Opium War.

2013, Christine Moll-Murata, Ulrich Theobald, “Military employment in Qing dynsaty China”, in Erik-Jan Zürcher, editor, Fighting for a Living: A Comparative History of Military Labour 1500-2000, Amsterdam University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 361:

A crane is transferring containers for import and export at Zhapu Port in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China, July 13, 2021.

2021 July 28, “Biden nominates Huawei prosecutor for key Chinese exports position”, in CNBC, archived from the original on 2021-07-29, Politics:

A town in Pinghu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China, on the northern shore of Hangzhou Bay and important under the Qing as a port and military garrison.


定海

/tiŋ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɪŋ²² hɔːi̯³⁵/

/tiŋ⁵¹ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tɪŋ²² hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～區) Dinghai (a district of Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China), encompassing the western half of Zhoushan Island and some of the surrounding islands

People's Republic
People's Republic of China

(～縣) (historical) Dinghai (a former county of Zhejiang, China), encompassing the Zhoushan Archipelago under the Ming, early Qing, Republic, and early People's Republic


龍江

→ English: Longjiang

/lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

As a Zhejiang village and port, in reference to its position on the south bank of the lower Ao, locally known as the Qinglong River (青龍江／青龙江 (qīnglóng jiāng)).

(～村) Longjiang (a former village in Zhejiang, China), now part of Longgang (龍港/龙港)

(～港區) Longjiang (a former port area in Zhejiang, China), now part of Longgang (龍港/龙港)


衢州

→ English: Ch'ü-chou, Quzhou

/t͡ɕʰy³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʰɵy̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ku²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ku²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/ku¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ku²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ku²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/d͡ʑy²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰy³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kʰɵy̯²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ku²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ku²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/ku¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ku²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ku²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/d͡ʑy²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Quzhou (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, China)


湖州

/xu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wuː²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/ɔ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɔ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɦu²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

/xu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/wuː²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/

/ɔ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɔ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/ɦu²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

(～市) Huzhou (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, China)


麗水

→ English: Lishui, Li-shui

/li³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐi̯²² sɵy̯³⁵/

/li³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐi̯²² sɵy̯³⁵/

(～市) Lishui (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, China)


普陀山

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ tʰɔː²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²⁴⁻¹¹ san⁴⁴/

/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ²³⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ tʰɔː²¹ saːn⁵⁵/

/pʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ to²⁴⁻¹¹ san⁴⁴/

/pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tɤ²³⁻³³ san⁴⁴/


樂清

/ɥɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːk̚² t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Yueqing (a county-level city in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


白馬

/paɪ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² be⁵⁵⁴/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bɛ⁵³/

/paɪ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² be⁵⁵⁴/

/pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ bɛ⁵³/

(～鎮) Baima (a town in Pujiang, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


沿江

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

As a Zhejiang village and port area, in reference to its position on the south bank of the Ao (鰲江/鳌江).

(～村) Yanjiang (a former village in Zhejiang, China), now part of Longgang (龍港/龙港)

(～港區) Yanjiang (a former port area in Zhejiang, China), now part of Longgang (龍港/龙港)


天馬

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ maː¹³/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ maː¹³/

(～街道) Tianma (a subdistrict of Changshan, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China)


Liampó

Ningbo (a port-city, prefecture-level city, and subprovincial city in Zhejiang, China)


Yiwu

Wu Han was born in Yiwu, Chekiang, in 1909, in a middle-class family too poor to pay for his education at National (Tsing Hua) University, where Wu supported himself by tutoring until his graduation in 1934.

1938, Edgar Snow, Red Star Over China, Grove Press, published 1978, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 559:

The text of to-night's "communique" says:-
[...]Heavy fighting is continuing in the East Chekiang province with the Japanese launching vigorous attacks at Kienteh and Yiwu to the north-east of Kinhawa, the provincial capital.
The Japanese troops on the Railway first attacked the Chinese positions in the vicinity of Yiwu in mass formation and then split up into several small units and attempted infiltration tactics.

1942 May 25, “Chinese Occupy Strategic Points On Old Caravan Road”, in The Bombay Chronicle, volume XXX, number 123, →OCLC, page 1:

If it’s small, cheap and made of plastic, it can probably be found in Yiwu, a city in China’s southeastern Zhejiang province.

2013 December 13, Julie Bosman, “Welcome to Tchotchke Town”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-08-04, Magazine:

From the widget wholesalers of Yiwu, south of Shanghai, to the halls of Communist Party power in Beijing, there is consternation that the trade war has dragged on for so long and doubt that the next battle could be a turning point.

2019 October 30, Anna Fifield, “In China’s capital of Halloween slime and ooze, the trade war is a scary subject”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-10-30, Asia & Pacific:

A county-level city in Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.


浦江

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰou̯³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Pujiang (a county of Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


甌海

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ hɔːi̯³⁵/

(～區) Ouhai (a district of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


南潯

/nän³⁵ ɕyn³⁵/

/naːm²¹ t͡sʰɐm²¹/

/nän³⁵ ɕyn³⁵/

/naːm²¹ t͡sʰɐm²¹/

(～區) Nanxun (a district of Huzhou, Zhejiang, China)


南湖

South Lake (a lake in Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China)


瑞安

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/sui²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/sui⁴¹⁻²² an³³/

/sui²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/sui³³⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/sui³³⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/ʐu̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ˀän⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯²² ɔːn⁵⁵/

/sui²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/sui⁴¹⁻²² an³³/

/sui²²⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

/sui³³⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/

/sui³³⁻²¹ an⁴⁴/

(～市) Rui'an (a county-level city in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


慈谿

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiː²¹ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/


奉化

/fɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/fʊŋ²² faː³³/

/fɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/fʊŋ²² faː³³/

(～區) Fenghua (a district of Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)


溫嶺

/wən⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐn⁵⁵ lɪŋ¹³/

/wən⁵⁵ liŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/wɐn⁵⁵ lɪŋ¹³/

(～市) Wenling (a city in Zhejiang, China)


海寧

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

/hɔːi̯³⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

(～市) Haining (a county-level city in Zhejiang, China)


蘭谿

/län³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/laːn²¹ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/län³⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/laːn²¹ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/


平湖

/pʰiŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ wuː²¹/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ xu³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ wuː²¹/


永康

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰɔŋ³³/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰɔŋ³³/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

(～市) Yongkang (a city in Zhejiang, China)


諸暨

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kʰei̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kʰei̯³³/

(～市) Zhuji (a county-level city in Zhejiang, China)


嵊州

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/sɪŋ²² t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～市) Shengzhou (a county-level city in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China)


桐鄉

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ hœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～市) Tongxiang (a city in Zhejiang, China)


上虞

/sœːŋ²² jyː²¹/

/sœːŋ²² jyː²¹/

(～區) Shangyu (a district of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China)


富陽

/fu⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/fuː³³ jœːŋ²¹/

/fu⁵¹ jɑŋ³⁵/

/fuː³³ jœːŋ²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣, ～市) Fuyang (a district, a former county, a former county-level city in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


東陽

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹/

(～市) Dongyang (a city in Zhejiang, China)


Quzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 衢州 (Qúzhōu).

The two dead girls, Ye Mengyuan and Wang Linjia, were friends from the Jiangshan Middle School in Quzhou, in the prosperous eastern coastal province of Zhejiang.

2013 July 9, “Pilot of crashed Asiana plane still in Boeing 777 training”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2013-07-11:

A prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, China.

National Imagery and Mapping Agency
Quzhou


Lishui

In a United Press despatch appearing in the Toronto papers about the middle of February it was stated that the Japanese had bombed an airdrome in Lishui, Chekiang, the headquarters of many Canadian Catholic missionaries. Apart from that despatch, no intimation has come to us at the seminary that trouble has developed in Lishui.

1938 March, “News from China”, in China Magazine, volume XIX, number 3, page 40:

Ji Wenhua was sentenced to death on Monday by Lishui intermediate court in Zhejiang for illegally raising 5.5 billion yuan ($867 million) between 2003 and 2008, the South China Morning Post reported. He was also separately accused of fraud worth some 1.47 billion yuan ($231.6 million).

2011 November 8, James Pomfret, “China property developer sentenced to death-report”, in Paul Tait, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-12:


Huzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 湖州 (Húzhōu).

Li begged them not to betray him. "If you can find a way of taking me safely to Huchou in Chekiang, I will give you 30,000 taels."

[1914, E. Backhouse, J. O. P. Bland, “Hsien Feng and T’ung Chih: The Facile Descent”, in Annals and Memoirs of the Court of Peking (From the 16th to the 20th Century), Houghton Mifflin Company, →OCLC, page 425:

In the city of Huzhou, in Zhejiang, local officials in December surveying the impact of the trade war found a company called Tianzhen Bamboo Flooring that was laying off workers and trying to open new markets in Europe and Canada.

2019 August 31, Raymond Zhong, Keith Bradsher, “U.S.-China Trade War Hits a New Phase, and a Boot Maker Trembles”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-08-31, Business:


Jiaxing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 嘉興／嘉兴 (Jiāxīng).

The city of Jiaxing, south of Shanghai, is offering a vaccine under development by Sinovac, it said in an announcement Thursday.

2020 October 16, Huizhong Wu, “China rapidly expands use of experimental COVID-19 vaccines”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2020-10-21:


Zhoushan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 舟山 (Zhōushān).

The Choushan Archipelago of Chekiang, visited by both the cold and warm currents, is rich in fishes of cold- and warm-water origin which come in search of the nutritious food washed down by the Yangtse and Chientang waters. Choushan is now China’s biggest fishing ground.

[1964, 任育地 [Jen Yu-ti], “Seas”, in 中国地理概述 [A Concise Geography of China], Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 46:

Because of the presence of the military, unrest at Hanchow factories was put down, but reports of resistance have continued to come from other points of the province, including Ningpo, Choushan, Taichou and Wenchou.

[1975 October 5, L. Chen, “Proletariat against proletarian rule”, in 自由中國週報 [Free China Weekly], volume XVI, number 39, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3, column 4:

The meeting began in a stark, white-tiled lecture hall on the largest island of the Chinese archipelago of Zhoushan, where the East China Sea meets the Yangtze Delta. The sole decoration was a greeting written in English in multicolored chalk on the blackboard: “Welcome Parents and Students.”
It was to be my first parents meeting at Zhoushan’s most elite high school.

2015 October 29, David Metz, “Teaching the Common Core in China [当美国教育方法遇到中国应试制度]”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-11-09, Education Life:

当美国教育方法遇到中国应试制度

Communist forces, in spite of naval and air inferiority, succeeded in overwhelming the Nationalist base on Hainan Island during February-May 1950, the Zhoushan Archipelago during May 1950, and Tatan Island as late as July 1950.

2021, Bruce A. Elleman, Taiwan Straits Standoff: 70 Years of PRC-Taiwan Cross-Strait Tensions, Anthem Press, →ISBN, →OCLC:


新葉

/ɕin⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹/

/ɕin⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹/

(～村) Xinye (a village in Daciyan, Jiande, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


大慈岩

/tä⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/tä⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

(～鎮) Daciyan (a town in Jiande, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


周塘

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

(～村) Zhoutang (a village in Tianma, Changshan, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China)


黃泥塘

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄊㄤˊ

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ni³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ni³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

Huangnitang
w:Huangnitang Village, Changshan

(～自然村) Huangnitang (a village in Zhoutang, Tianma, Changshan, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China)


上境

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/ʂɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

(～村) Shangjing (a village in Tangxi, Wucheng district, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


後頭灣

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯¹ wän⁵⁵/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯¹ wän⁵⁵/

(～村) (historical) Houtouwan (a village in Shengshan, Shengsi, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China)


Hangzcouh

/haːŋ˧˩ ɕou˧/

Hangzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, in eastern China)


白沙

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

/paɪ̯³⁵ ʂä⁵⁵/

(～街道) Baisha (a subdistrict of Jiangbei district, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)


龍灣

/lʊŋ³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ waːn⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ³⁵ wän⁵⁵/

/lʊŋ²¹ waːn⁵⁵/

(～區) Longwan (a district of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


甌越

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/

/ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/ɐu̯⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/

Jīn Sānjiāng ér dài Wǔhú, kòng Mánjīng ér yǐn Ōuyuè.

襟三江而帶五湖，控蠻荊而引甌越。

襟三江而带五湖，控蛮荆而引瓯越。

(historical) the land once inhabited by the Ouyue people (an ancient Baiyue kingdom in modern Taizhou and Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


龍港

/lʊŋ³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/lʊŋ³⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ³⁵/

As a Zhejiang city, a blend of its former name Longjiang Port Area (龍江港區/龙江港区, Lóngjiāng gǎngqū) adopted upon its elevation to town status in 1983. The name Longjiang itself derived from the "Qinglong River" (青龍江/青龙江), used locally for the lower Ao (鰲江/鳌江).

(～市, formerly ～鎮) Longgang (a county-level city in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, formerly a town in Cangnan County)


舥艚

/pʰä⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

/pʰä⁵⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯³⁵/

(～鎮) Pacao (a town in Cangnan, Zhejiang, China)


皕宋樓

Chamber of the 200 Song Dynasty [editions]

ㄅㄧˋ ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄌㄡˊ

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ sʊŋ⁵¹ loʊ̯³⁵/

/pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ sʊŋ⁵¹ loʊ̯³⁵/

Bisong Hall (Qing dynasty-era library in Huzhou storing books from the Song and Yuan dynasties, built by the book collector Lu Xinyuan (1834-1894))


䃮石

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/tʰä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

(～街道) Tashi (a subdistrict of Longquan, Zhejiang, China)


Baisha

From the Mandarin 白沙 (Báishā, literally “white sand”).

bor

A subdistrict of Jiangbei district, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China


澤國

/t͡sɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡saːk̚² kʷɔːk̚³/

/t͡sɤ³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/

/t͡saːk̚² kʷɔːk̚³/

(～鎮) Zeguo (a town in Wenling, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China)


蕭山

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/

(～區) Xiaoshan (a district of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


永嘉

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ kaː⁵⁵/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/wɪŋ¹³ kaː⁵⁵/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ka³³/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

/iɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/

(～縣) Yongjia (a county of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


玉環

/y⁵¹ xu̯än³⁵/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² kʰuan²⁴/

/ɡiɪk̚²⁴⁻² kʰuan²⁴/

/ɡiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰuan¹³/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² kʰuan²⁴/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² kʰuan²³/

/y⁵¹ xu̯än³⁵/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² kʰuan²⁴/

/ɡiɪk̚²⁴⁻² kʰuan²⁴/

/ɡiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰuan¹³/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² kʰuan²⁴/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² kʰuan²³/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Yuhuan (a county-level city and former county of Taizhou, Zhejiang, China)


象山

→ Zhuang: Siengsanh

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² saːn⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² saːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Xiangshan (a county of Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)


Mount Mogan

Partial calque from Mandarin 莫干山 (Mògān Shān).

FOLLOWING in the footsteps of foreign missionaries, Chinese gangsters and Chiang Kai-shek, I traveled to the mountain outpost of Moganshan looking for a breather from full-throttle Shanghai.

[2012 April 12, Justin Bergman, “A Lofty Retreat From Sweltering Shanghai”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-04-17, Travel:

A mountain in Deqing, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China


四都

(～鎮) Sidu (a town in Jiangshan, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China)


Mount Putuo

Partial calque of Mandarin 普陀山 (Pǔtuó Shān).

partial calque

Mount Wutai is really a cluster of five huge summits ranging in altitude up to 10,000 feet that is breached only by a few dirt roads twisting over the windswept passes of northern Shanxi. It is the most revered of the four mountains sacred to Chinese Buddhists, more than Mount Emei in Sichuan, Mount Putuo in Zhejiang or Mount Jihua in Anhui.

1984 October 16, Christopher S. Wren, “TO BE LEFT ALONE, CHINA'S BUDDISTS OPEN A DOOR”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, World:

An island in Putuo district, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China


黃巖

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ ŋaːm²¹/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ jɛn³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ ŋaːm²¹/

(～區) Huangyan (a district of Taizhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～市) Huangyan (a former county-level city in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China)


蒼南

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ nän³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ naːm²¹/

(～縣) Cangnan (a county of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


洞頭

/tʊŋ⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/tʊŋ²² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/tʊŋ⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/tʊŋ²² tʰɐu̯²¹/

(～區, formerly ～縣) Dongtou (a district and former county of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


鹿城

/lu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/lʊk̚² sɪŋ²¹/

/lu⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/lʊk̚² sɪŋ²¹/

(～區) Lucheng (a district of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


東甌

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ˀoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɐu̯⁵⁵/

(historical) Dong'ou (an ancient Baiyue kingdom in modern Taizhou and Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


嚴州

/jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jiːm²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

/jiːm²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/

(～府) (historical) Yanzhou Prefecture (an ancient prefecture during the Ming and Qing dynasties, whose capital was located in present-day Jiande, Zhejiang, China)


淳安

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/sɵn²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/sɵn²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～縣) Chun'an (a county of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


壽昌

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂoʊ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

(～鎮) Shouchang (a town in Jiande, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)

(～縣) (historical) Shouchang (a former county of Zhejiang, China, now part of Jiande)


杭嘉湖平原

ㄏㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄏㄨˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄩㄢˊ

Ханцзяху Пинъюань

/xɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xu³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵ wuː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

/xɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ xu³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɔːŋ²¹ kaː⁵⁵ wuː²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹ jyːn²¹/

Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou Plain
w:Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou Plain

Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou Plain (a plain in Zhejiang, China)


橫店

/xɤŋ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

/xɤŋ³⁵ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/

(～鎮) Hengdian (a town in Dongyang, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


河姆渡

/xɤ³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ mou̯¹³ tou̯²²/

/xɤ³⁵ mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/hɔː²¹ mou̯¹³ tou̯²²/

(～鎮) Hemudu (a town in Yuyao, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)


赤溪

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹ ɕi⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɛːk̚³ kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

(～街道) Chixi (a town in Lanxi, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China)


良渚

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lœːŋ²¹ t͡syː³⁵/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lœːŋ²¹ t͡syː³⁵/

(～街道, formerly ～鎮) Liangzhu (a subdistrict, a former town in Yuhang district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


Shanyin

Ts’ai Yüan-p’ei (also named Ho-ch’ing and Chieh-min) (1876-1940) was born in Shanyin County, Chekiang Province. He passed the second civil service examination in 1889 and the third in 1892 which secured for him the highest degree, han-lin.

1960, Tse-tsung (周策縱) Chow, “The Initial Phase of the Movement: Early Literary and Intellectual Activities, 1917-1919”, in The May Fourth Movement: Intellectual Revolution in Modern China, Harvard University Press, published 1980, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 47:

(historical) A county of Zhejiang, China, part of modern-day Shaoxing.


嵊泗

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²² siː³³/

/zən²² sz̩⁴⁴/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²² siː³³/

/zən²² sz̩⁴⁴/

(～縣) Shengsi (a county of Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China)


Putuo

The atonal pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 普陀 (Pǔtuó), a clipped transcription of Sanskrit पोतलक (Potalaka, literally “Brilliance”), the name of the palace of the god or bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara (known in China as the goddess or bodhisattva Guanyin) in the influential Flower Garland Sutra. The island in Zhejiang has been a center of Buddhist pilgrimage related to the worship of Guanyin since at least the Tang dynasty.

der

The typhoon landed in the Putuo district of the city of Zhoushan, a major port in the east coast province of Zhejiang, at 12:30 p.m. (0430 GMT) on Sunday, state broadcaster CCTV said, citing the China Meteorological Administration.

2021 July 25, Dominique Patton, Sophie Yu, “East China braces for typhoon In-fa after flooding in country's centre”, in Christian Schmollinger, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-07-25, China:

A district of Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China.


嵊縣

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²² jyːn²²/

/ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/sɪŋ²² jyːn²²/

(historical) Sheng County, Shengxian (a former county of Zhejiang, China; now Shengzhou)


德清

/tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

/tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/tɐk̚⁵ t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Deqing (a county of Huzhou, Zhejiang, China)


泰順

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ sɵn²²/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu̯ən⁵¹/

/tʰaːi̯³³ sɵn²²/

(～縣) Taishun (a county of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China)


온주

Wenzhou (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, in southeastern China)


Gia Hưng

[zaː˧˧ hɨŋ˧˧]

[jaː˧˧ hɨŋ˧˧]

[jaː˧˧ hɨŋ˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Gia Hưng.wav

[…] sau khi nhà Tống chạy về phương Nam, Gia Hưng gần kinh sư, quang cảnh lại càng náo nhiệt.

2005, chapter 1, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):

[…] after the Song empire retreated south, Jiāxīng found itself close to the capital and the place grew even more bustling.

Jiāxīng (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, China).


松陽

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

(～縣) Songyang (a county of Lishui, Zhejiang, China)


Longjiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 龍江／龙江 (Lóngjiāng), "Dragon River".

A former village in Zhejiang, China, now part of Longgang.


Longgang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 龍港／龙港 (Lónggǎng, “Dragon Port”).
* Of the city in Zhejiang: a blend of its former name Longjiang Port Area (龍江港區／龙江港区 (Lóngjiāng gǎngqū)) adopted upon its elevation to town status in 1983. The name Longjiang itself derived from the "Qinglong River" (青龍江／青龙江 (qīnglóng jiāng)), used locally for the lower Ao (鰲江／鳌江 (áo jiāng)).

bor

A county-level city in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.


Hàng Châu

[haːŋ˨˩ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[haːŋ˦˩ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[haːŋ˨˩ cəw˧˧]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Hàng Châu.wav

Hangzhou (a prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, in eastern China)


Cixi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 慈谿／慈溪 (Cíxī).

Chen, who hails from the tiny but wealthy city of Cixi in eastern Zhejiang province, not only reflects China’s burgeoning affluence, but she and others like her represent a new trend -- rich consumers far from the major metropolitan centers.[…]
Cixi, a fifth the size of Shanghai but with an average personal wealth on par with mainland China’s financial capital, is among a slew of smaller cities that mark a new competitive frontier for top global luxury auto sellers.

2011 November 8, Fang Yan, Ken Wills, Tina Qiao, “In China, luxury car makers drive inland”, in Don Durfee, Matt Driskill, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-11-07:

A solar farm in the city of Cixi in eastern Zhejiang province made the news recently for installing 300 hectares of solar panels above a fish farm.

2017 February 24, Josh Ye, “China’s world-beating solar farm is almost as big as Macau, Nasa satellite images reveal”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-02-24, Society:

A county-level city in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China, formerly a county.


Ôn Châu

[ʔon˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[ʔoŋ˧˧ t͡ɕəw˧˧]

[ʔoŋ˧˧ cəw˧˧]


Pinghu

This March there was a drive in Pinghu, Zhejiang Province, for “leftover women to speedily find conjugal happiness.”

2012 October 11, Leta Hong Fincher, “China's 'Leftover' Women”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-10-11, Opinion:

A county-level city in Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China


游埠

/joʊ̯³⁵ fu⁵¹/

/joʊ̯³⁵ fu⁵¹/

For pronunciation and definitions of 游埠 – see 遊埠 (“to travel abroad”).
(This term is the simplified form of 遊埠).
 Notes:
Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

zh-see

(～鎮) Youfu (A town in Lanxi, Jinhua Zhejiang, China)


景寧

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ niŋ³⁵/

/kɪŋ³⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

畲族自治縣 畲族自治縣#Chinese

(～畲族自治縣, ～縣) Jinning (a She autonomous county in Lishui, Zhejiang)


Changxing

/(ˈ)t͡ʃæŋˈʃɪŋ/

/(ˈ)t͡ʃɑŋˈʃiŋ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 長興／长兴.

To Huchow[…]
Next morning I got an early start and, going north into Changhsing county, cut inland towards the Anhwei border to Wushan Commune, going through the hills for some time, and then coming to a wide canal along which a motor launch took me to the commune headquarters situated in a pleasant village up on the canal bank.

[1973, Rewi Alley, “Chekiang”, in Travels in China, 1966-71 [中国见闻], Peking: New World Press, →OCLC, page 454:

An inflatable swimming pool in a gated community in Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, during a heat wave last week.

2022 August 18, Tiffany May, Joy Dong, “Factory Shutdowns, Showers for Pigs: China’s Heat Wave Strains Economy”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-18, Extreme Weather:


天一閣

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ i⁵⁵ kɤ³⁵/

Tianyi Ge (a library in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)


Shengsi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 嵊泗 (Shèngsì).


Dinghai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 定海 (Dìnghǎi).

He recently spoke at a conference denouncing the destruction of Dinghai, an old town on Zhoushan island, near Shanghai, best known as the real object of British covetousness during the Opium War (Hong Kong was actually a mistake).

2001 April 20, Jonathan Napack, “A Firebrand Agitates to Preserve China's Memory”, in The New York Times, sourced from International Herald Tribune, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-06-10, Style:


Daishan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 岱山.

A statement released Sunday by the government of Daishan county in Zheijiang province said it first received a notice on Sept. 9 that crew members on board the ship that was undergoing repairs had fallen ill and tested positive for the coronavirus.

2020 September 13, “Asia Today: India cases climb to 4.75M as recovery improves”, in AP News, sourced from New Delhi, archived from the original on 2024-06-19:


遂昌

/su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯²² t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

/su̯eɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɵy̯²² t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

(～縣) Suichang (a county of Lishui, Zhejiang, China)


Dongtou

He said more than 1.6 million tourists visited Dongtou county - which is an island - last year. Most visitors were from Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shanghai, but the number from inland provinces had increased rapidly in recent years.

2009 April 20, “Yours for 15m yuan - a 30-year lease on an uninhabited island”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-07-24, Latest:

A district of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, formerly a county.


慶元

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɪŋ³³ jyːn²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹ ɥɛn³⁵/

/hɪŋ³³ jyːn²¹/

(～縣) Qingyuan (a county of Lishui, Zhejiang, China)

(～府, ～路) (historical) Qingyuan (a historical fu (prefecture) and lu (circuit) that existed in the Southern Song and Yuan dynasties respectively and whose capital was Yin County (鄞縣／鄞县), located in present-day Ningbo, Zhejiang, China)


Deqing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 德清 (Déqīng).

Enforcement is spotty at best. Shen Yulin, the environmental protection director for Deqing County, where the Haijiu factory is located, said 65 inspectors were responsible for a region of nearly 400 square miles, with more than 2,000 factories.

2011 June 15, Sharon LaFraniere, “Lead Poisoning in China: The Hidden Scourge”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-10-03, Asia Pacific:


千島湖

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵ wuː²¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn⁵⁵ tou̯³⁵ wuː²¹/

Qiandao Lake (a man-made freshwater lake located in Chun'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, that was formed after the completion of the Xin'an River hydroelectric station in 1959)


Rui'an

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 瑞安 (Ruì'ān).


Yongjia

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 永嘉 (Yǒngjiā).

Nearly five million people in Zhejiang Province have been affected by the storm, Typhoon Lekima, which made landfall early Saturday, according to the reports. Many of the deaths occurred in Yongjia County, near the city of Wenzhou, when the collapse of a natural dam set off a flash flood that swept away several people in the fast-moving waters, said CCTV, the state-run broadcaster.

2019 August 11, Amy Qin, “Death Toll From Typhoon Lekima in China Rises to 30”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-08-11, Asia Pacific:


Wencheng

The landslides Wednesday in Zhejiang province, south of the financial hub of Shanghai, followed Typhoon Megi, which brought heavy rains and high winds to China and Taiwan this past week.[…]
The second landslide in Wencheng county killed five people, with one person still missing, an official at the county’s flood control office said Saturday.

2016 September 30, “13 dead, 20 still missing in China after typhoon landslides”, in AP News, sourced from Beijing (AP), archived from the original on 2024-09-25:


Yueqing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 樂清／乐清 (Yuèqīng).

Officials in the city of Yueqing in Zhejiang Province, which supervises Mr. Qian’s home village, insist that the photographs show nothing more than an unfortunate traffic accident.

2010 December 28, Xiyun Yang, Edward Wong, “Suspicious Death Ignites Fury in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-12-29, Asia Pacific:


Cangnan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 蒼南／苍南 (Cāngnán).

It said 81 people were killed in the southeastern city of Wenzhou, including at least 43 people in suburban Cangnan county. Another 11 people were missing in Wenzhou, the agency said.
Bodies of the dead in Cangnan, which included eight children, were discovered amid the debris of collapsed houses, Xinhua said.

2006 August 11, “Typhoon Saomai kills more than 100 in China - Asia - Pacific - International Herald Tribune”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-10-29, Asia Pacific:


西子湖

/ɕi³³ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ɦu²¹/

/ɕi³³ t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ɦu²¹/

(Hangzhounese) West Lake (a lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China)


Yuhuan

On Tuesday, state-run media reported that a 57-year-old man in Yuhuan County, Zhejiang Province, staggered and collapsed on Sunday afternoon near the turn of a small lane.[…]
The head of his village in Yuhuan County told The Beijing News that Mr. Chen was a heavy drinker, and when drunk had often quarreled with other villagers and fallen down.

2015 February 4, Jess Macy Yu, “A Man’s Death Strikes a Nerve in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-08-18, Sinosphere:

A county-level city in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.


Jiaojiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 椒江.


Dachen

The drills are near the Dachen islands, which Taiwan controlled until 1955 until being evacuated after other nearby islands were seized by Chinese forces in a bloody battle.
Taiwan still controls the Matsu and Kinmen islands, off the coast of China's Fujian province, held since the defeated Republic of China government fled to Taipei after losing a civil war with Mao Zedong's communists

2023 June 13, Ryan Woo, Albee Zhang, Ben Blanchard, “China holds live-fire drills in East China Sea north of Taiwan”, in Robert Birsel, editor, Reuters, sourced from BEIJING (Reuters), archived from the original on 2023-06-13, Asia Pacific:

A group of islands in Jiaojiang district, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.


항저우

[ha̠ŋd͡ʑʌ̹u]

Hangzhou (the provincial capital of Zhejiang, China)

Koreans in China
Xinhai Revolution
ko:항저우