婺

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *moɡs): phonetic 敄 (OC *moʔ, *mos) + semantic 女 (“woman”).


岷

(～江) Min River (a river in Sichuan Province, China)


敦

Originally written 𦎫 in oracle bone script and bronze script, an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亯 (“ancestral shrine”) + 羊 (“sheep”). According to Ma Rusen (馬如森), the character represents a cooked goat used as a sacrifice. According to Ma Xulun (馬敍倫) and Yang Shuda (楊樹達), the character's original meanings was "to cook" and is the original form of 燉.
Later used to mean “to force; to compel” and came to be written with 攴, making the modern form an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns): phonetic 𦎫 + semantic 攴 (“hand”). The character 燉 was graphically shaped after the modern version.
; “thick; earnest; plentiful; large”
* 焞 (OC *tʰuːn, *djun, “ample, complete”)
* 醇 (OC *djun, “pure, unadulterated, generous”)
* 淳 (OC *djun, “ample”)
* 肫 (OC *tjun, “sincere, diligent”).
; “Tun”

och-l

㪟
𦎫
𦎧
𣀦
𢼪
𠧈
𠧉


沃

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qoːwɢ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 夭 (OC *qoːwʔ, *qrow, *qrowʔ) – to irrigate with water.


沌

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ): semantic 氵 + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun).


沭

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɦljud): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 朮 (OC *l'ud, *ɦljud).

Han compound

Shu River (a river in Shandong and Jiangsu, China)


河

Wutunhua: xhe

Hejin
Tong Pass
Xiongnu language
Yeniseian languages
Zhengzhou

Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡaːl): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ).
Originally particularly used for the Yellow River, with other rivers known as 水 (OC *qʰʷljilʔ). Later extended generally as a word for rivers in northern China but the influence of 江 (OC *kroːŋ, “Yangtze River; river in southern China”) has meant that modern usage tends to favor it for shorter rivers and creeks except in historical cases.
Further etymology uncertain. Various hypotheses have been proposed:
* Sino-Tibetan. Either:
** Cognate with Tibetan རྒལ (rgal, “to cross, to traverse”) (Coblin, 1986), or
** Derived from 湖 (OC *ɡaː, “lake”) (Matisoff, 1995), or
** that the Yellow River's name stems from the shape, which resembles an adze handle 柯 (OC *kaːl), of a stretch spanning 500 to 600 kilometers "from Héjīn, Tóngguān to east of Zhèngzhōu" (Takashima, 2012).
* A Mongolic loan. Compare Proto-Mongolic *gowl (“river”) > Mongolian ᠭᠣᠣᠯ (ɣool, “river”) (Norman and Mei, 1976). This was argued against in Zhang (1998).
** Miyake (2017) surmises that Proto-Mongolic *gowl (“river”) and 河 (OC *[C.g]ˤaj < *[C.g]ˤal)), even if related, might have come from a third source language, e.g. Xiongnu. If so, compare also Proto-Yeniseian *xur₁ (“water”) in light of speculated Xiongnu's linguistic affinity with the Yeniseian languages.

cog

Yellow River, Huang He (a major river in northern China, passing through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces as well as Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions)

(obsolete, Chinese mythology) Hebo; the god of the Yellow River

(obsolete, Chinese mythology) Yellow River's Map; the plan of the Yellow River (mystic diagram said to have been supernaturally revealed)

河南

Moles drink from the He [river]; yet cannot overfill their bellies

偃鼠飲河，不過滿腹。

偃鼠饮河，不过满腹。

What are the six rivers called? They are named He River, Red River, Liao River, Black River, Jiang River, and Huai River.

Hé wèi liùshuǐ? Yuē héshuǐ, chìshuǐ, liáoshuǐ, hēishuǐ, jiāngshuǐ, huáishuǐ.

何謂六水？曰河水、赤水、遼水、黑水、江水、淮水。

何谓六水？曰河水、赤水、辽水、黑水、江水、淮水。


泒

Han char

泒 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水竹女人 (EHVO), four-corner 3213₀, composition ⿰氵瓜)


泗

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hljids): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 四 (OC *hljids).


泜

Han char

泜 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水竹心一 (EHPM) or 水竹女戈 (EHVI), four-corner 3214₀, composition ⿰氵氐)

水竹心一 (cangjie-input)
水竹女戈 (cangjie-input)
⿰氵氐 (composition)


泿

(～水) an ancient river in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region


洈

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *krolʔ, *ŋrol): semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 危 (OC *ŋrol).


洋

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (洋):
* → Japanese: 洋(よう) (yō)
* → Korean: 양(洋) (yang)
* → Vietnamese: dương (洋)

→ Zhuang: yangz

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ljaŋ, *laŋ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ).
; “multitudinous; vast; ocean”: Schuessler (2007) compares it with Tibetan ཡངས་པ (yangs pa, “wide; extensive; vast; spacious”). In contrast, Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lɨ̆ŋ (“wave”), encompassing this and Tibetan ཀློང (klong, “space; expanse; wave”), Burmese လှိုင်း (hluing:, “wave; to abound; plentiful”).
: Compare 羕 (OC *laŋs, “(of rivers) long”), 漾 (OC *laŋs, “waves; (of rivers) long”).
; "vast expanse of flat land"

cog

(historical) a river in southern Shaanxi, China


洨

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡreːw): semantic 水 (“river; water”) + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw).

Han compound

(～水, ～河) Xiao River (a river in Hebei, China)

(～水) (historical) Xiao River (a river in Anhui, China; modern Tuo River)


浙

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔljed): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 折 (OC *l'eːl, *ʔljed, *ɦljed).

Han compound

(～江) (historical) Zhe River (the former name of the Qiantang River in Zhejiang, China)


涇

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡeŋʔ, *keːŋ): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ)


涪

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *bɯ): semantic 氵 + phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs).

Han compound

(～江) Fu River (a river in Sichuan and Chongqing, China)


淦

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kɯːm, *kɯːms): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 金 (OC *krɯm).


渜

name of an ancient river in Hebei province


渦

Guo River (a river in Henan and Anhui, China)


渫

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *zreːb, *sled): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 枼 (OC *leb).

Han compound

(～水) Xie River (a river in Shimen County, Hunan, China)


渭

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢuds): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 胃 (OC *ɢuds)


湋

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢʷɯl): semantic 水 (“river”) + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl).


溚

(historical) An ancient river located in modern-day northwestern Shandong, China.


溳

(～水) a river in Hubei, part of the Han River


滃

(～江) a tributary of the Bei River, Guangdong, China


滇

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a river in Henan


漣

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ren): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 連 (OC *ren)


漳

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kjaŋ): semantic 水 + phonetic 章 (OC *kjaŋ).

Han compound

(～河) Zhang River (river flowing from Shanxi to Hebei)


潘

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (潘):
* → Korean: 반(潘) (ban)
* → Vietnamese: Phan (潘)

→ English: Pan, Poon, Pun, Phua

→ Mandarin: ㄆㄨㄣ (pūn) (Taiwanese slang from Hokkien)

→ Tagalog: Pua (via Hokkien)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰaːn): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban).


澧

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *riːʔ): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ).

Han compound

(～水) Lishui River (a river in Hunan, China)

(～河, ～水) Lihe River (a river in Henan, China)


濂

Han char

濂 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 水戈廿金 (EITC) or 難水戈廿金 (XEITC), four-corner 3013₇, composition ⿰氵廉)

水戈廿金 (cangjie-input)
難水戈廿金 (cangjie-input)
⿰氵廉 (composition)


濂

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡ·reːm): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 廉 (OC *ɡ·rem)


瀟

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sɯːw): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 蕭 (OC *sɯːw).

Han compound

(～水) Xiao River (a river in Hunan, China)


瀧

Baxter's transcription for Middle Chinese

Resemblance to Vietnamese sông – which is from Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ – is coincidental, for in the early 11th century CE 瀧 (MC sraewng) (Baxter) already possesed retroflex fricative initial 生 (as indicated by pronunciation 所江切 in Guangyun [1007 - 1008 CE]); meanwhile, as seen in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) [12th century CE], Old Vietnamese clusters */Cr-/ had not yet become a retroflex fricative ancestral to Modern Vietnamese ‹s-›.

defdate

1007 - 1008 <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>

defdate

12th century <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>


瀼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njaŋ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 襄 (OC *snaŋ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-naːŋ (“heavy; thick (of liquids); viscous”); cognate with Mizo hnâng (“thick; viscous”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Coblin (1986) also compares this with Burmese နှင်း (hnang:, “dew; mist”).

inh

(～河) Rang River (a river in Henan, China)


灃

Han char

灃 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+18, 21 strokes, cangjie input 水山十廿 (EUJT), four-corner 3511₈, composition ⿰氵豐)

Feng (a river in Shaanxi Province, China)


灉

灉 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+18, 21 strokes, cangjie input 水女山土 (EVUG), four-corner 3011₄, composition ⿰氵雝)


灕

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rel): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 離 (OC *reːls, *rel, *rels).

Han compound

(～江, ～水) Li River (a river in the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


贛

In the bronze script, it was attested as 𬔧, an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 章 (“jade ornament”) + 丮 (“to hold”) – holding a jade ornament > “to bestow”. The 丮 component corrupts into 欠 or 次, and later to 夂 or a variant with 二 under 夂. An additional semantic component 貝 (“cowrie; money”) was often added. The 二 and 貝 components combine to form an emergent phonetic component 貢 (OC *koːŋs).
Shuowen reinterprets it as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms): abbreviated phonetic 竷 (OC *kʰluːms) + semantic 貝 (“shell; money”), but this is not supported by earlier scripts.

Han compound

赣
贑/𫎬
𥫔
灨
⿱夂贡
赣
贑/𫎬

(～江, ～水) Gan River (a river in Jiangxi, China)


郪

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰiːl, *sʰil): phonetic 妻 (OC *sʰiːl, *sʰiːls) + semantic 邑 (“city”).

Han compound

(～江) Qi River (a river in Sichuan, China)


閩

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mrɯn, *mɯn): phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn) + semantic 虫 (“snake”). The 虫 radical was a common component of the names of barbarians (Schuessler, 2007), probably reflecting the Min people's worship of snakes (Li, 2017).
Matisoff (2003) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b/m-ruːl (“snake”), but this comparison is no longer held in STEDT.
In most modern Min dialects and some other southern dialects (including Hakka and Xiang), it is read with a level tone (平聲), which is the expected reflex based on rime dictionaries. In Mandarin and the remaining southern dialects, it is read with a rising tone (上聲), probably due to analogy with the phonetic component of 閔 (MC minX) (Li, 2017).

Han compound

(～江) Min River (a river in Fujian, China)


鰲

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋaːw): phonetic 敖 (OC *ŋaːw) + semantic 魚 (“fish”)
Possibly a back-formation from 黿 (OC *ŋoːn, *ŋon, “large turtle”) with final -n discarded due to folk etymology (Schuessler, 2007).


Luo

From the pinyin romanization of Chinese 洛 (Luò).

A river in Shaanxi, China, tributary to the Wei.

The remains of the capital of the Eastern Han dynasty, Luoyang 洛阳, are situated approximately 15 km east of the present-day city of Luoyang in Henan. Since the site is bordered on the north by the Mangshan 邙山 Mountains and overlooks the Luo River to the south, it has protective natural barriers and is also at an important junction for transportation and communication (fig. 37).

1982, Zhongshu Wang, “Luoyang: The Capital City of Eastern Han”, in K. C. Chang et al., transl., Han Civilization, Yale University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 29:

Several dozen animals have died and villagers are suffering nausea and dizziness after a massive spill of cyanide into the Luo River in Henan province.

2001 November 6, Josephine Ma, “Villagers ill after river poisoned by cyanide”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-09-04:

A tributary of the Yellow River, the Luo River runs through Luoyang as well as several other ancient Chinese cities.

2010, “Luoyang”, in Alexander Monro, editor, China: City and Exile, Eland Publishing Ltd, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 70:

A river in Henan, China, tributary to the Yellow River.

A river in Fujian, China, flowing into the Taiwan Strait.


Huang He

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 黃河 /黄河 (Huáng Hé, literally “Yellow River”).

uder

Huang Ho (alternative)
Hwang Ho (alternative)
Hoamho (alternative obsolete)

Temüjin was about 66 years old. His hair and beard had long since turned white. He had come to lay siege to Ningxia (now called Yinchuan), the fortified capital of the Minyak empire of the Xixia, against whom he had been waging war for over a year, and he had retreated to the other side of the Yellow River (Huang He), not far from the Great Wall, on high ground, a place where he could find some refreshment, for he was already aware that it would not be long before he entered the realm of his brave ancestors.

1990, Michel Hoang, translated by Ingrid Cranfield, Genghis Khan, Saqi Books, →ISBN, page 20:

Synonym of Yellow River: a major river in northern China, passing through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces as well as Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions; the Mandarin Chinese-derived name.


Huang He

Yellow River, Huang He (a major river in northern China, passing through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces as well as Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions)


Indus

Borrowed from Latin Indus, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδός (Indós), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (h-i-du-u-š /hiⁿduš/), from Proto-Iranian *hínduš (compare Avestan 𐬵𐬌𐬧𐬛𐬎 (hiṇdu)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš or borrowed from Sanskrit सिन्धु (síndhu) (whence Sindh).
Another explication relates the origin of Indus to Indra which itself derives from the root indu, i.e. " water place or water spirit".

The mighty Indus River that courses through Pakistan's second-most populous region is fed by dozens of mountain tributaries to the north, but many have burst their banks following record rains and glacier melt.

2022 August 28, “Pakistan's south braces for another deluge as northern rivers swell”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-08-28, Asia / Pacific:

Floods in the river Sutlej – which originates in Tibet and crosses India before merging into the Indus river – has completely cut off several villages and areas in Pakistan, submerging hundreds of hectares of farmland.

2023 August 29, “Pakistan raises flood alert in eastern region as over 128,000 evacuated”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2024-04-24:

A major river in China, India and Pakistan, rising in Tibet and flowing into the Arabian Sea.


Indus

cs-proper noun

Indus m inan (relational adjective induský)

induský (adjective relational)
Indus (nominative singular)
Indu (genitive singular)
Indu (dative singular)
Indus (accusative singular)
Inde (singular vocative)
Indu (locative singular)
Indem (instrumental singular)


Indus

Indus (nominative singular)
Indust (accusative singular)
Indusnak (dative singular)
Indussal (instrumental singular)
Indusért (causal-final singular)
Indussá (singular translative)
Indusig (singular terminative)
Indusként (essive-formal singular)
Indusban (inessive singular)
Induson (singular superessive)
Indusnál (adessive singular)
Indusba (illative singular)
Indusra (singular sublative)
Indushoz (allative singular)
Indusból (elative singular)
Indusról (delative singular)
Industól (ablative singular)
Indusé (singular)
Induséi (singular)
Indusom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Indusaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
Indusod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Indusaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
Indusa (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Indusai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
Indusunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Indusaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
Indusotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Indusaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
Indusuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Indusaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Indus (a large river in south-central Asia)


Indus

la-proper noun

Indus m sg (genitive Indī); second declension

Indī (genitive)
Indus (nominative singular)
Indī (genitive singular)
Indō (dative singular)
Indum (accusative singular)
Indō (ablative singular)
Inde (singular vocative)


Indus

Indus (nominative singular)
Indusu (genitive singular)
Indusowi (dative singular)
Indus (accusative singular)
Indusem (instrumental singular)
Indusie (locative singular)
Indusie (singular vocative)

Indus (a major river in China, India and Pakistan, rising in Tibet and flowing into the Arabian Sea)


Dan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 丹 (Dān, literally “cinnabar, red”).

der

Third, intensifying supervision over water sources for the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, of which approximately 70% of the water comes from the Han River and the Dan River. We have launched specialized campaigns in the two rivers and improved comprehensive management of the basin. A ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River has been enforced, which effectively ensured the water quality of the Han River and the Dan River. We will further step up efforts to ensure clear water for the North.

2021 June 23, “Press conference on 'Shaanxi: Carrying forward Yan'an spirit, endeavoring to write new chapter of accelerated growth in new era'”, in State Council Information Office, archived from the original on 2022-06-10:


Han

An early romanization of the Mandarin 漢 /汉 (Hàn), later reinforced by Wade-Giles and pinyin. Originally a river within present-day Shaanxi and Hubei. As a Chinese dynasty, from the founder Liu Bang's short-lived realm in Sichuan and Shaanxi among China's Eighteen Kingdoms, named for the Qin Empire's Hanzhong Commandery, headquartered in a city which also became known as Hanzhong, named for its placement along the middle reaches of the river.
The usage for the Chinese ethnicity first appeared during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, claiming the Han dynasty as one of the golden ages of Chinese history.

Hankow, China, is located 600 miles from the coast, on the north bank of the Yang-tse-Kiang River, at its junction with the Han River.

1902 January 5, L. S. Wilcox, “Conditions in Hankow.; American Trade on the Pacific and the far East”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-09-18, ANNUAL, page 23:

“By transferring such a significant volume of water away from the Han River Basin, the project is depriving the area of the most basic input it will need to develop in the years and decades to come,” said Britt Crow-Miller, a research assistant professor at Portland State University.[…]
The Danjiangkou reservoir gets its water from the Han River, a tributary of the Yangtze River which feeds several major cities in central China such as Wuhan, an economic power house in Hubei province sporting a $144 billion GDP.

2014 September 9, Stian Reklev, Kathy Chen, “Quenching Beijing's thirst may stunt regional growth”, in Michael Perry, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-27, Industry, Materials and Utilities:


Li

After breakfast the next day, Ho Li-chih came to invite Yang Shu-tien and me to the Li River for a boat trip to another county, Yang-shuo.

1977, Yee Chiang, “Kuei-lin and Yang-shuo”, in China Revisited, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 153:

Cormorant fishing on the Li River near Kweilin. With increasingly serious water pollution, fishing with cormorants is becoming a rare sight in China.

1985, Steven W. Mosher, Journey To The Forbidden China, Collier Macmillan, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 54f:

Before going home, we flew to Guilin for a meeting with environmentalists concerned about the destruction of forests and the loss of unique wildlife, and a leisurely boat trip down the Li River, which flows through a stunning landscape marked by large limestone formations that looked as if they had burst up through the landscape of the gentle countryside.

2005, Bill Clinton, My Life, volume II, New York: Vintage Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 436–437:

Days 3-5: Guilin and Yangshuo.
Marvel at the extraordinary scenery lining the banks of the serene Li River.

2011, Andrew Forbes, China, APA Publications, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 16:

In Guilin, the second-largest city in Guangxi, Xi took a boat to inspect the ecological condition of the Li River, a popular tourist destination. The river stretches more than 400km (250 miles) through karst hills and attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors each year.

2021 April 27, Echo Xie, “Xi Jinping laments stone quarrying as he mines green theme in Guangxi”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2021-04-27, China / Politics:


Pearl

en-proper noun

Pearl (countable and uncountable, plural Pearls)

From pearl.
* (river in China): From Chinese 珠江 (Zhūjiāng, Zyu1 Gong1, “Pearl River”); calque of Chinese 珠 (zhū, zyu1, “pearl”).
* (haven in Hawaii): From Hawaiian Wai Momi (“pearl water”); calque of Hawaiian momi (“pearl”).

calque

During these ten years the northern province of Chihli, with a population of over 32,000,000, has been inundated thrice; the Huai River running through three central provinces, with people more in number than half those of the United States, overflowed twice; the two provinces of Hunan and Kiangsi, south of the Yangtsze River, likewise densely populated, have also been inundated twice, and Shantung Province, with its teeming millions, has had its territory flooded from the outbreak of the Yellow River; while the southern rivers, the Pearl in Kwangtung Province, the Min in Fukien Province, and other streams have, during the period, more than once contributed their toll of destruction.

1928 April, M. T. Liang, “Combatting the Famine Dragon”, in News Bulletin, Institute of Pacific Relations, page 9:

The Pearl is a river system in southern China.

2021, John Reibetanz, Earth Words: Coversing with Three Sages, →ISBN, →OCLC, page https://books.google.com/books?id=LPcrEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT174:

A major river in Guangdong, China; in full, the Pearl River.


Xi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 西 (xī).

The most important inland water transport takes place along three great rivers, the Xi-jiang (West River) by Guangzhou (Canton); the Yangzi Jiang, which links Shanghai, Wuhan and Chongqing (Chungking); and the Songhua Jiang (Sungari) which passes through Ha’erbin (Harbin) in the north-east.

[1979, Ronald Francis Price, Education in Modern China, Routledge & Kegan Paul, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 93:

A sand barge struck a bridge over the Xi River between Heshan and the town of Jiujiang in Guangdong yesterday morning, bringing down a section of the structure at least 200 metres long.

2007 June 16, Ivan Zhai, “Sand barge brings down Xi River bridge”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-09-19:

A river in China, the western tributary of the Pearl.

西江

a river in China, the western tributary of the Pearl


Huang Ho

From Mandarin 黃河／黄河 (Huáng Hé, literally “Yellow River”) Wade–Giles romanization: Huang² Ho².

zh-l

All the hill country between the Valley of the Huang Ho and its tributaries, the Lo, the Yi, etc., as far as the Huai Mountains, was likewise peopled by the Jung—the Jung of the Lo, of the Yi, of Yang-chiu, of Man or Mao, etc.

1928, Henri Maspero, “The Origins of the Chinese Civilizations”, in C. W. Bishop, transl., Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, 1927, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, page 438:

A tumultuous waterway, the Yangtze ranks second after the Amazon in terms of discharge. Fed by copious amounts of melting snow and also heavy rains, the river's flow is 10 times greater than China's Huang Ho (Hwang River, Huanghe; also known in English as the Yellow River).

2007, Laurie Burnham, Rivers, Chelsea House, →ISBN, page 43:

Known popularly as the Yellow River, the Huang Ho is considered the deadliest river in the world.

2015, Jeff Probst, Amazing Places, Puffin Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 40:

Alternative form of Huang He (Yellow River): a major river in northern China, passing through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces as well as Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions.

Huang He

Defense Mapping Agency
Encyclopædia Britannica


Хуанхэ

ru-proper noun

Хуанхэ́ • (Xuanxɛ́) f inan (indeclinable)

Хуанхэ́ (canonical)
Xuanxɛ́ (romanization)


Жёлтая река

ru-proper noun+

Жёлтая река́ • (Žóltaja reká) f inan (genitive Жёлтой реки́)

Жёлтая река ́ (canonical)
Žóltaja reká (romanization)
Жёлтой реки́ (genitive)
Жёлтая река́ (nominative singular)
Жёлтой реки́ (genitive singular)
Жёлтой реке́ (dative singular)
Жёлтую ре́ку (accusative singular)
Жёлтой реко́й (instrumental singular)
Жёлтою реко́ю (instrumental singular)
Жёлтой реке́ (prepositional singular)

[ˈʐoɫtəjə rʲɪˈka]


Yangtze

An irregular romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 揚子 /扬子 (Yángzǐ) and 揚子江 /扬子江 (Yángzǐ Jiāng), a former name for the lower stretches of the Yangtze derived from 揚子津 (Yángzǐjīn)(zh-wikipedia), a former ferry crossing near Yangzhou, applied by foreign visitors to the entire length of the river. The folk etymology that it means "Son of the Ocean" derives from the homophonic misnomer 洋子江 which was apparently given to Matteo Ricci, whose posthumously published journals popularized the river in Europe as Latin Iansu and Iansuchian.

Yangzi (alternative)
Yang-tze (alternative)
Yangtse (alternative)
Yang-tse (alternative)
Yangtzi (alternative)
Yangtsz (alternative)
Yang-tzu (alternative)
Yang-tzŭ (alternative)
Iansu (alternative)
Iansuchian (alternative)
Yangtze-kiang (alternative)

That Riuer of Nanquin which I called (Yamſu or) Ianſu, the ſonne of the Sea, goeth Northward to Nanquin, and then returning ſomewhat Southward, runneth into the Sea with great force; fortie myles from which it paſſeth by Nanquin. And that from hence to Pequin there might bee paſſage by Riuers, the Kings of China haue deriued a large Channell from this to another Riuer, called the Yellow Riuer, ſuch being the colour of that troubled water. This is the other famous Riuer of that Kingdome, in greatneſſe and note, which ariſesth without the Kingdome to the Weſt, out of the Hill Cunlun, conjectured to bee the ſame whence Ganges ariſeth, or one neere to it.

1625, Samuel Purchas, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes, volume III, London, →OCLC, page 340:

You will perceive that the British and French commissioners ascend the Yangtze at pleasure, and have the steamers of their respective countries at their disposal. I was compelled, for the want of other conveyance, to come hither in a little British steamer which plies between Shanghai and Hong Kong.

1853 December 8, Humphrey Marshall, Documents Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States with Other Countries, number 37, Macao: A.O.P. Nicholson, published 1854, →OCLC, pages 323–324:

The Bishop of Shanghai desires that the bounds of his jurisdiction shall be more clearly expressed, and that therefore his title shall hereafter be, "The Bishop of Shanghai, having jurisdiction in the lower valley of Yangtze." The jurisdiction will be sufficiently large. The Yangtze River is three thousand miles in length, and the population on its borders numbers one hundred millions. As there are already three Bishops of the Church of England, with a large Missionary force of English Clergy, in that empire, Bishop Boone desires that his jurisdiction be limited to the population on the lower Yangtze, a line of eight hundred miles.

1887 [1886 October 19], G. T. Bedell, Thomas H. Vail, B. W. Morris, Geo. F. Seymour, Wm. J. Boone, “Fourteenth Day's Proceedings”, in Journal of the Proceedings of the Bishops, Clergy, and Laity of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, Chicago, page 99:

It is not till the Yangtze reaches Sha-shih that its character completely changes. The first note of change is a great embankment, thirty feet high, which protects the region from inundation. Below Sha-shih the vast river becomes mixed up with a network of lakes and rivers, connected by canals, the area of the important Tungting Lake being over 2000 square miles.

1900, Isabella L. Bird, The Yangtze Valley and Beyond, volume 1, pages 9-10:

Of the northernmost one of these folds, the writer has some faint recollection of seeing the folded strata. They form the hills to the west of Han-yung and the central ridge across the city of Wu-chang and extends further east; the west-easterly course of the Yang-tze below Yang-lo (lat. 30° 30' N.) is in all probability determined by this E-W fold.

1918, J. S. Lee, The Geology of China, University of Birmingham, →OCLC, page 320:

Aside from the Turfan depression in Hsin-chiang (Sinkiang) province, the hottest part of China lies in the middle and lower Yangtze Valley. Maximum temperatures of 43°-44°C (110°-112°F) have been recorded in Ch'ang-sha and Nan-ching.

1969, Yi-Fu Tuan, China, Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, page 22:

Early in the summer of 1127 the emperor was located near the city of Nan-ching just south of the Yangtze River.

1974, John H. Winkelman, The Imperial Library in Southern Sung China, 1127-1279 : A Study of the Organization and Operation of the Scholarly Agencies of the Central Government, page 12:

The Chinese Communists destroyed natural resources by widening the Yangtze River, and brought natural disasters to the mainland, including the worst floods in Szechwan province and other areas.

1982 January 3, “News Stories of Year on Peiping Selected”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXIII, number 1, Taipei, page 3:

The rains swelled the Yangtze River, raising record water levels on July 19 at the Three Gorges Dam, upriver from the city of Wuhan.

2020 August 10, “Worst Rains in Decades Cause China Flooding”, in Time, volume 196, numbers 5-6, page 10:

The building, on the outskirts of Ezhou, a city on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, is hailed as the world’s biggest free-standing pig farm, with a second, identical hog high-rise opening soon.

2023 February 8, Daisuke Wakabayashi, Claire Fu, “China’s Bid to Improve Food Production? Giant Towers of Pigs.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-02-08:

The chief river of central China and the third longest river in the world, flowing a total of 6300 km.


Heilongjiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 黑龍江 /黑龙江 (Hēilóngjiāng).

Heilungchiang (alternative)
Hei-lung-chiang (alternative)
Heilungkiang (alternative)

Anhui · Fujian · Guangdong · Gansu · Guizhou · Henan · Hubei · Hebei · Hainan · Heilongjiang · Hunan · Jilin · Jiangsu · Jiangxi · Liaoning · Qinghai · Sichuan · Shandong · Shaanxi · Shanxi · Taiwan · Yunnan · Zhejiang

In 1848, Russian Senior Naval Captain Nevelskoiy and his military transport ship set sail to invade China's Heilongjiang [Amur-river] River estuary and the Sakhalin island. In 1850, Miaojie on the Heilongjiang River estuary was forcibly occupied, turned into a stronghold for aggression and renamed Nikolayevsk after the czar. In April 1853, Czar Nicholas I brazenly ordered the invasion and occupation of China's Sakhalin island.

1981 August 18 [1981 August 11], Nengxiong [3769 5174 7160] Wang, “How Did Czarist Russia Carry Out Its Aggression Against China?”, in Daily Report: China, volume I, number 159, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →ISSN, →OCLC, page C 1:

More than 7,000 people of Hailanpao and the sixty-four villages east of the Heilongjiang River were murdered, burned to death or drowned in the river.

1982, Bai Shouyi, editor, An Outline History of China, 1st edition, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 487:

The Songhua is a major tributary of the Heilongjiang River, which crosses the border near the Russian city of Khabarovsk.

2005 November 27, David Lague, “China apologizes to Russia for spill”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-12, Asia Pacific:

Hunting was central to Oroqen culture, with kills shared among families. The semi-nomadic people lived along the banks of the Heilongjiang (“black dragon river”), a long, dark, snaking body of water forming the border between northeast China and Russia, in tepee-like structures called djiu, which were built of birch bark.

2019 April 6, Nathan Gibson, “One of China’s smallest ethnic minority groups, the Oroqen, is in danger of disappearing”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-04-06, Long Reads:

Alternative form of Heilong Jiang, the Amur River: a major river in the Far East of Russia and Northeastern China.

Heilong Jiang

Guangxi · Inner Mongolia · Ningxia · Tibet Autonomous Region · Xinjiang

Beijing · Tianjin · Shanghai · Chongqing


Jing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 涇 /泾 (Jīng), as in 涇河／泾河 (Jīnghé) or 涇水／泾水.

zh-m

涇河／泾河 (Jīnghé)

A river in China, a tributary of the Wei.


Keltainenjoki

Keltainenjoki (nominative singular)
Keltainenjoki (accusative nominative singular)
Keltaisenjoen (accusative genitive singular)
Keltaisenjoen (genitive singular)
Keltaistajokea (partitive singular)
Keltaisessajoessa (inessive singular)
Keltaisestajoesta (elative singular)
Keltaiseenjokeen (illative singular)
Keltaisellajoella (adessive singular)
Keltaiseltajoelta (ablative singular)
Keltaisellejoelle (allative singular)
Keltaisenajokena (essive singular)
Keltaiseksijoeksi (singular translative)
Keltaisettajoetta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Keltainenjokeni (nominative singular)
Keltainenjokeni (accusative nominative singular)
Keltaisenjokeni (accusative genitive singular)
Keltaisenjokeni (genitive singular)
Keltaistajokeani (partitive singular)
Keltaisessajoessani (inessive singular)
Keltaisestajoestani (elative singular)
Keltaiseenjokeeni (illative singular)
Keltaisellajoellani (adessive singular)
Keltaiseltajoeltani (ablative singular)
Keltaisellejoelleni (allative singular)
Keltaisenajokenani (essive singular)
Keltaiseksijoekseni (singular translative)
Keltaisettajoettani (abessive singular)
Keltainenjokesi (nominative singular)
Keltainenjokesi (accusative nominative singular)
Keltaisenjokesi (accusative genitive singular)
Keltaisenjokesi (genitive singular)
Keltaistajokeasi (partitive singular)
Keltaisessajoessasi (inessive singular)
Keltaisestajoestasi (elative singular)
Keltaiseenjokeesi (illative singular)
Keltaisellajoellasi (adessive singular)
Keltaiseltajoeltasi (ablative singular)
Keltaisellejoellesi (allative singular)
Keltaisenajokenasi (essive singular)
Keltaiseksijoeksesi (singular translative)
Keltaisettajoettasi (abessive singular)
Keltainenjokemme (nominative singular)
Keltainenjokemme (accusative nominative singular)
Keltaisenjokemme (accusative genitive singular)
Keltaisenjokemme (genitive singular)
Keltaistajokeamme (partitive singular)
Keltaisessajoessamme (inessive singular)
Keltaisestajoestamme (elative singular)
Keltaiseenjokeemme (illative singular)
Keltaisellajoellamme (adessive singular)
Keltaiseltajoeltamme (ablative singular)
Keltaisellejoellemme (allative singular)
Keltaisenajokenamme (essive singular)
Keltaiseksijoeksemme (singular translative)
Keltaisettajoettamme (abessive singular)
Keltainenjokenne (nominative singular)
Keltainenjokenne (accusative nominative singular)
Keltaisenjokenne (accusative genitive singular)
Keltaisenjokenne (genitive singular)
Keltaistajokeanne (partitive singular)
Keltaisessajoessanne (inessive singular)
Keltaisestajoestanne (elative singular)
Keltaiseenjokeenne (illative singular)
Keltaisellajoellanne (adessive singular)
Keltaiseltajoeltanne (ablative singular)
Keltaisellejoellenne (allative singular)
Keltaisenajokenanne (essive singular)
Keltaiseksijoeksenne (singular translative)
Keltaisettajoettanne (abessive singular)
Keltainenjokensa (nominative singular)
Keltainenjokensa (accusative nominative singular)
Keltaisenjokensa (accusative genitive singular)
Keltaisenjokensa (genitive singular)
Keltaistajokeaan (partitive singular)
Keltaistajokeansa (partitive singular)
Keltaisessajoessaan (inessive singular)
Keltaisessajoessansa (inessive singular)
Keltaisestajoestaan (elative singular)
Keltaisestajoestansa (elative singular)
Keltaiseenjokeensa (illative singular)
Keltaisellajoellaan (adessive singular)
Keltaisellajoellansa (adessive singular)
Keltaiseltajoeltaan (ablative singular)
Keltaiseltajoeltansa (ablative singular)
Keltaisellejoelleen (allative singular)
Keltaisellejoellensa (allative singular)
Keltaisenajokenaan (essive singular)
Keltaisenajokenansa (essive singular)
Keltaiseksijoekseen (singular translative)
Keltaiseksijoeksensa (singular translative)
Keltaisettajoettaan (abessive singular)
Keltaisettajoettansa (abessive singular)

keltainen + joki, calque of Chinese 黃河 /黄河 (Huáng Hé).


Indo

Indus (a large river in south-central Asia, rising in China (Tibet) and flowing through India and Pakistan to the Arabian Sea)


Indo

Borrowed from Latin Indus, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδός (Indós), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿduš), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sindʰus or Sanskrit सिन्धु (síndhu).


Wu

Romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 烏 /乌 (Wū or Wù, “crow, raven, black”).

der

A river in Guizhou, China, a tributary of the Yangtze.


Wu

Romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 巫 (Wū or Wú, “shaman, sorceror, witch”).

A river in Hunan, China, a tributary of the Yuan.


Wu

Romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 㵲 (Wǔ).


黑龍江

desc

→ English: Heilongjiang, Heilungchiang, Hei-lung-chiang, Heilungkiang

ხეილუნგძიანგი

→ Georgian: ხეილუნგძიანგი (xeilungʒiangi)

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐk̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/haːk̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/hak̚⁵⁵ lɵŋ²² kɔŋ³³/

/hɛt̚¹¹ liʊŋ¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hɛiʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ l̃yŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋøyŋ⁵⁵/

heh⁶ loeng² gang¹ [Phonetic:heh⁷ loeng² gang¹]

/hɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ lœŋ¹³ kaŋ⁵³³/

heh⁶ lyoeng² gang¹ [Phonetic:heh⁷ lyoeng² gang¹]

/hɛʔ²⁻⁴ lyøŋ²⁴ kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ liɔŋ¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/hek̚²⁻⁴ leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/həʔ³³ loŋ⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐk̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/haːk̚⁵ lʊŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/hak̚⁵⁵ lɵŋ²² kɔŋ³³/

/hɛt̚¹¹ liʊŋ¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hɛiʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ l̃yŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋøyŋ⁵⁵/

/hɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ lœŋ¹³ kaŋ⁵³³/

/hɛʔ²⁻⁴ lyøŋ²⁴ kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ liɔŋ¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/hiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/hek̚²⁻⁴ leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/həʔ³³ loŋ⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

From earlier 黑水 (Hēishuǐ), attested since the Tang Dynasty. Semantically, compare Manchu ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᡠᠯᠠ (sahaliyan ula, literally “black river”), Mongolian Хар мөрөн (Xar mörön, literally “black river”).

ncog

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ

Amur River, Heilong Jiang (a major river in the Far East of Russia and Northeastern China)


黑龍江

Heungnyonggang (romanization)
흑룡강 (hangeul)


長江

desc

→ Manchu: ᡤᠣᠯᠮᡳᠨ
ᡠᠯᠠ (golmin ula) (calque)

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²² kɔŋ³³/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/tuoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋøyŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/zã²² kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²² kɔŋ³³/

/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/tuoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋøyŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/tŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/zã²² kɑ̃⁴⁴/

揚子江

originally only in reference to the lower reaches

A solitary sail's distant image disappears into the blue sky; only the Yangtze River continues to flow towards the horizon.

Gūfān yuǎn yǐng bìkōng jìn, wéi jiàn Chángjiāng tiānjì liú.

孤帆遠影碧空盡，唯見長江天際流。

孤帆远影碧空尽，唯见长江天际流。

(～河) Changjiang Creek, the upper course of the Jin River (錦江 /锦江 (Jǐnjiāng)) in Jiangxi

(～社區) Changjiang (a community in Guanshan, Hongshan district, Wuhan, Hubei, China)


長江

ja-pos

長(ちょう)江(こう) • (Chōkō) ^(←ちやうかう (Tyaukau)?)

長江 (canonical)
Chōkō (romanization)
Tyaukau (romanization)
ちやうかう (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːko̞ː]

From Chinese 長江 /长江 (Cháng Jiāng, literally “long river”).


錢塘

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ʑi²² dɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiːn²¹ tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ʑi²² dɑ̃⁴⁴/

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Qian Liu
Tang dynasty
Wuyue

Named for the dyke constructed on the river by Qian Liu (錢鏐), ruler of Wuyue, one of the Ten Kingdoms that succeeded the Tang dynasty.

(～江) Qiantang River (a river in Zhejiang, China)


安寧

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (安寧):
* → Japanese: 安寧(あんねい) (annei)
* → Korean: 안녕(安寧) (annyeong)
* → Vietnamese: an ninh (安寧)

/ˀän⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/an³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ leŋ⁵⁵/

/ø⁵⁵ n̠ʲin²¹/

/ˀän⁵⁵ niŋ³⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ nɪŋ²¹/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ²⁴/

/an³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² liɪŋ¹³/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ²³/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ leŋ⁵⁵/

/ø⁵⁵ n̠ʲin²¹/


喀什

From Mongolian Хаш (Xaš), from Mongolian хаш (xaš, “jade”).

/kʰä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kʰä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kʰä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kʰä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

(～河) Kash (a river in Ili prefecture, Xinjiang, China)


Amur

Borrowed from Russian Аму́р (Amúr), from an Evenki language such as Solon amur (“river”). Doublet of amur.

If, then, the southern districts of European Russia be exposed to a winter more severe than those of France or Germany, they may boast in their turn a more genial climate than the banks of the Ural and the Amur; while all are subject to a dispensation of nature which extends too far, and acts too uniformly, to be ascribed to any local or temporary causes.

1830, Amelia Shipley Heber, editor, The Life of Reginald Heber, D.D., volume 1, London: John Murray, →OCLC, →OL, page 568:

Foreign trade goes not to Aigun, but to the Chinese town of Taheiho, which is situated about 30 miles distant from Aigun and is directly opposite the Siberian city of Blagovestchensk, on the other side of the Amur River.

1915 August 24, Charles K. Moser, “Harbin”, in Supplement to Commerce Reports, number 52h, →OCLC, page 1:

Just a few days before he was to be sent to the “Great Northern Wilderness” near the Amur, an 18-year-old middle school graduate named Liu Fu-yuan went up to the third floor of the “Hundred Goods Building” (department store) at Peiping’s Wanfunching and asked that a made-in-Red-China watch be brought out of the glass case.

1975 June 22, L. Chen, “Defiant intellectual disobedience”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVI, number 24, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

Along the Amur, one of Asia’s great waterways, Russians feel cheated, lied to and ignored. The wild salmon fishery that they once took for granted is gone, they say, because Moscow granted large concessions to enterprises that strung enormous nets across the river’s mouth.
People’s anger over their depleted fish stock is so widespread that it has been a driving force behind the anti-Kremlin protests that have been shaking the Far Eastern city of Khabarovsk, on the Amur, since early July.

2020 August 15, Anton Troianovski, “'The Fish Rots From the Head': How a Salmon Crisis Stoked Russian Protests”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-08-15:

Bordered by small farming towns without large dams, the Amur—the least obstructed of these 10 rivers—is an example of the effects of minimal human influence.

2021 March, “Setting Rivers Free”, in National Geographic, pages 30–31:

The world's ninth-longest river, forming part of the border between the Far East of Russia and Manchuria in Northeastern China, emptying into the Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Tartary, where the mouth of the river faces the northern end of the island of Sakhalin.

آمُور

the river between the Far East Russia and China


Amur

cs-proper noun

Amur m inan (relational adjective amurský)

amurský (adjective relational)
Amur (nominative singular)
Amury (nominative plural)
Amuru (genitive singular)
Amurů (genitive plural)
Amuru (dative singular)
Amurům (dative plural)
Amur (accusative singular)
Amury (accusative plural)
Amure (singular vocative)
Amury (plural vocative)
Amuru (locative singular)
Amurech (locative plural)
Amurem (instrumental singular)
Amury (instrumental plural)

Amur (long river forming the border between the Far East of Russia and Northeastern China)


Amur

de-proper noun

der Amur m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Amur or des Amurs)

der Amur (canonical masculine)
des Amur (definite genitive)
des Amurs (definite genitive)


Amur

Amur (nominative singular)
Amuru (genitive singular)
Amurowi (dative singular)
Amur (accusative singular)
Amurem (instrumental singular)
Amurze (locative singular)
Amurze (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Аму́р (Amúr), of unknown origin.


Amur

Amur (nominative singular)
Amur'u (accusative singular)
Amur'a (dative singular)
Amur'da (locative singular)
Amur'dan (ablative singular)
Amur'un (genitive singular)


아무르강

[a̠muɾɯɡa̠ŋ]

Compound of Russian Амур (Amur) + 강(江) (gang, “river”).

compound+

Amur (a river forming the border between China and Russia in the Far East)


흑룡강

Heungnyonggang (romanization)
黑龍江 (hanja)

[xɯŋɲoŋɡa̠ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 黑龍江. A calque of Amur, as likely as Manchu ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᡠᠯᠠ (sahaliyan ula, “black river”) and Mongolian ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ (qaramüren, “black river”).

cog

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ


嫩江

/nən⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/nyːn²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/nən⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/nyːn²² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/


嫩江

嫩江 (canonical)
Nonkō (romanization)
Nonkau (romanization)
のんかう (hiragana historical)


松花江

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ faː⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/sʊŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ faː⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

松花 is a phono-semantic matching of Manchu ᠰᡠᠩᡤᠠᡵᡳ (sunggari), as in ᠰᡠᠩᡤᠠᡵᡳ
ᡠᠯᠠ (sunggari ula, “Songhua River”). The original meaning of sunggari may be “Milky Way”; cf. ᠰᡠᠩᡤᠠᡵᡳ
ᠪᡳᡵᠠ (sunggari bira, “Milky Way”).

psm

Songhua River (a river in northeastern China)


黃河

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (黃河):
* → Japanese: 黄(こう)河(が) (Kōga)
* → Korean: 황하(黃河) (Hwangha)
* → Vietnamese: Hoàng Hà (黃河)

desc

خْوَانْغْخِي

هْوَانْغْهِي

اَلنَّهْر اَلْأَصْفَر

→ Arabic: خْوَانْغْخِي (ḵwānḡḵī), هْوَانْغْهِي (hwānḡhī), اَلنَّهْر اَلْأَصْفَر (an-nahr al-ʔaṣfar) (calque)

→ Armenian: Հուանհե (Huanhe)

→ Czech: Chuang-che, Žlutá řeka (calque)

→ Dutch: Hoangho, Gele Rivier (calque)

→ English: Huang He, Huang Ho, Hwang Ho, Yellow River (calque)

→ Finnish: Keltainenjoki (calque)

→ French: Huang He, Houang-Ho, fleuve Jaune (calque)

→ German: Huang He, Gelber Fluss (calque)

Κίτρινος Ποταμός

→ Greek: Κίτρινος Ποταμός (Kítrinos Potamós) (calque)

→ Hindi: ह्वांगहो (hvāṅgho)

→ Hungarian: Sárga-folyó (calque)

→ Italian: Huang He, Fiume Giallo (calque)

→ Korean: 황허 (Hwangheo)

→ Malay: Sungai Kuning (calque)

ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩ ᡥᠣ ᠪᡳᡵᠠ

⇒ Manchu: ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩ
ᡥᠣ
ᠪᡳᡵᠠ (hūwang ho bira)

→ Mongolian: Шар мөрөн (Šar mörön) (calque)

→ Mangghuer: xira muroon (calque)

→ Persian: رود زرد (calque)

→ Polish: Rzeka Żółta (calque)

→ Portuguese: Huang He, Rio Amarelo (calque)

Жёлтая река́

→ Russian: Хуанхэ́ (Xuanxɛ́), Жёлтая река́ (Žóltaja reká) (calque)

→ Spanish: Huang He, río Amarillo (calque)

→ Tagalog: Ilog na Dilaw (calque)

→ Uyghur: سېرىق دەريا (sëriq derya) (calque)

⇒ Zhuang: Dahvangzhoz

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/xuɑŋ²⁴ xə²⁴/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

/vɔŋ²² hᵘɔ²²/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/ŋ̍²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/uĩ¹³⁻²² ho¹³/

/ŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ho⁵⁵/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ɦu⁴⁴/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ɦəu³³/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/xuɑŋ²⁴ xə²⁴/

/wɔːŋ²¹ hɔː²¹/

/vɔŋ²² hᵘɔ²²/

/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ ho²⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/

/ŋ̍²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/uĩ¹³⁻²² ho¹³/

/ŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ho⁵⁵/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ɦu⁴⁴/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ɦəu³³/

The large amount of sand in the river makes the river appear yellow.
Earliest extant authentic attestions of 黃河 are in Pei Songzhi's Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms [5th century CE]:
*
*
Lee (2004) and Hargett (2021) propose that the earliest occurrence of 黃河 is in Book of Han 16.527 [1st century CE]; yet Wang Niansun (王念孫) (1831) stated that the letter 黃 there was a later interpolation.

In Weishi Chunqiu, (Yuan) Shao's exhortation to the provinces and commanderies is recorded thus: “… my main armies sail across the Yellow River to assail his (Cao Cao's) front, and the Jing province's troops descend on Wan and Ye to attack his rear, …”

Pei Songzhi, Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 5ᵗʰ century CE

“Wèishì Chūnqiū” zǎi Shào xí zhōujùn wén yuē: “...... Dàjūn fàn Huánghé yǐ jué qí qián, Jīngzhōu xià wǎn yè ér jī qí hòu......”

《魏氏春秋》載紹檄州郡文曰：「……大軍汎黃河以角其前，荊州下宛葉而犄其後……」

《魏氏春秋》载绍檄州郡文曰：「……大军泛黄河以角其前，荆州下宛叶而犄其后……」

In Account of Emperor Xian, it's said: … (Ju) Shou looked over the ford, sighed, and said: “Above filled with ambition, below obsessed with achievements. O everlasting Yellow River, shall I return?”

“Xiàndì zhuàn” yuē:...... Shòu lín jì tàn yuē: “Shàng yíng qí zhì, xià wù qí gōng, yōuyōu Huánghé, wú qí fǎn hū?”

《獻帝傳》曰：……授臨濟歎曰：「上盈其志，下務其功，悠悠黃河，吾其反乎？」

《献帝传》曰：……授临济叹曰：「上盈其志，下务其功，悠悠黄河，吾其反乎？」

The Yellow River is spacious; its fishes are numerous; I came to the ford yet did not cross.

3rd century, 孔叢子 (Kǒngcóngzǐ) (The Many Kong Family Master's Anthology), attributed to 孔鮒 (Kong Fu)

Huánghé yángyáng, yōuyōu zhī yú, lín jīn bù jì.

黃河洋洋，悠悠之魚，臨津不濟。

黄河洋洋，悠悠之鱼，临津不济。

Have you not seen that the waters of the Yellow River come from the sky, surging into the ocean, never to return again.

Jūn bùjiàn Huánghé zhī shuǐ tiānshàng lái, bēnliú dào hǎi bù fùhuí.

君不見黃河之水天上來，奔流到海不復回。

君不见黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回。

Yellow River, Huang He (a major river in northern China, passing through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces as well as Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions)


黄河

黄河 (canonical)
Kōga (romanization)
Kwauga (romanization)
くわうが (hiragana historical)

黄河文明


漢水

/xän⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːn³³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/xän⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔːn³³ sɵy̯³⁵/

Alternative name for 漢江／汉江 (Hànjiāng, “Han River, a left tributary of the Yangtze”).


漢水

synonym of 漢江: Han River (in Shaanxi and Hubei, China)


漢江

/xän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːn³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/xän⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːn³³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kaŋ³³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

Han River (a left tributary of the Yangtze in Shaanxi and Hubei, China)


漢江

漢江 (canonical)
Kankō (romanization)
Kankau (romanization)
かんかう (hiragana historical)


青衣

→ English: Tsing Yi

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ i⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹ i/

/t͡ɕʰĩ³¹⁻³³ i³¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jiː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ jiː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰəŋ²¹³ zi²¹/

/ˈt͡ɕʰin⁴² i⁴²/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁴ i⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² i⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ i²¹/

/t͡ɕʰin³³ i³⁴/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³ i⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin³³ i³³/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ i⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹ i/

/t͡ɕʰĩ³¹⁻³³ i³¹/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jiː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ jiː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰəŋ²¹³ zi²¹/

/ˈt͡ɕʰin⁴² i⁴²/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁴ i⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² i⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ i²¹/

/t͡ɕʰin³³ i³⁴/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³ i⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin³³ i³³/

(～江) Qingyi River (a river in Sichuan, China)


Suzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 蘇州 /苏州 (Sūzhōu).

Su-chou (alternative obsolete)
Soochow (alternative obsolete)
Suchow (alternative obsolete)
Suchou (alternative obsolete)

Suzhou Creek

Synonym of Suzhou Creek: A river in Shanghai municipality and Jiangsu, China, between Lake Tai and the Huangpu River; despite its name, it is 78 miles long.


Suzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 蘇州／苏州 (Sūzhōu).

zh-l

蘇州／苏州 (Sūzhōu)

Suzhou Creek
Suzhou Creek#English:_Q907674

Suzhou Creek (a river in Shanghai municipality and Jiangsu, China, between Lake Tai and the Huangpu River; despite its name, it is 78 miles long)


Jangtse

Jangtse (nominative singular)
Jangtse (accusative nominative singular)
Jangtsen (accusative genitive singular)
Jangtsen (genitive singular)
Jangtsea (partitive singular)
Jangtsessa (inessive singular)
Jangtsesta (elative singular)
Jangtseen (illative singular)
Jangtsella (adessive singular)
Jangtselta (ablative singular)
Jangtselle (allative singular)
Jangtsena (essive singular)
Jangtseksi (singular translative)
Jangtsetta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Jangtseni (nominative singular)
Jangtseni (accusative nominative singular)
Jangtseni (accusative genitive singular)
Jangtseni (genitive singular)
Jangtseani (partitive singular)
Jangtsessani (inessive singular)
Jangtsestani (elative singular)
Jangtseeni (illative singular)
Jangtsellani (adessive singular)
Jangtseltani (ablative singular)
Jangtselleni (allative singular)
Jangtsenani (essive singular)
Jangtsekseni (singular translative)
Jangtsettani (abessive singular)
Jangtsesi (nominative singular)
Jangtsesi (accusative nominative singular)
Jangtsesi (accusative genitive singular)
Jangtsesi (genitive singular)
Jangtseasi (partitive singular)
Jangtsessasi (inessive singular)
Jangtsestasi (elative singular)
Jangtseesi (illative singular)
Jangtsellasi (adessive singular)
Jangtseltasi (ablative singular)
Jangtsellesi (allative singular)
Jangtsenasi (essive singular)
Jangtseksesi (singular translative)
Jangtsettasi (abessive singular)
Jangtsemme (nominative singular)
Jangtsemme (accusative nominative singular)
Jangtsemme (accusative genitive singular)
Jangtsemme (genitive singular)
Jangtseamme (partitive singular)
Jangtsessamme (inessive singular)
Jangtsestamme (elative singular)
Jangtseemme (illative singular)
Jangtsellamme (adessive singular)
Jangtseltamme (ablative singular)
Jangtsellemme (allative singular)
Jangtsenamme (essive singular)
Jangtseksemme (singular translative)
Jangtsettamme (abessive singular)
Jangtsenne (nominative singular)
Jangtsenne (accusative nominative singular)
Jangtsenne (accusative genitive singular)
Jangtsenne (genitive singular)
Jangtseanne (partitive singular)
Jangtsessanne (inessive singular)
Jangtsestanne (elative singular)
Jangtseenne (illative singular)
Jangtsellanne (adessive singular)
Jangtseltanne (ablative singular)
Jangtsellenne (allative singular)
Jangtsenanne (essive singular)
Jangtseksenne (singular translative)
Jangtsettanne (abessive singular)
Jangtsensa (nominative singular)
Jangtsensa (accusative nominative singular)
Jangtsensa (accusative genitive singular)
Jangtsensa (genitive singular)
Jangtseaan (partitive singular)
Jangtseansa (partitive singular)
Jangtsessaan (inessive singular)
Jangtsessansa (inessive singular)
Jangtsestaan (elative singular)
Jangtsestansa (elative singular)
Jangtseensa (illative singular)
Jangtsellaan (adessive singular)
Jangtsellansa (adessive singular)
Jangtseltaan (ablative singular)
Jangtseltansa (ablative singular)
Jangtselleen (allative singular)
Jangtsellensa (allative singular)
Jangtsenaan (essive singular)
Jangtsenansa (essive singular)
Jangtsekseen (singular translative)
Jangtseksensa (singular translative)
Jangtsettaan (abessive singular)
Jangtsettansa (abessive singular)

[ˈjɑ̝ŋts̠e̞]

From English Yangtze, from Chinese 揚子 /扬子 (Yángzǐ).


Հուանհե

head

Հուանհե • (Huanhe)

hy-proper noun

Հուանհե • (Huanhe)

Huanhe (romanization)
Հուանհե (nominative singular singular-only)
Հուանհեի (dative singular singular-only)
Հուանհեից (ablative singular singular-only)
Հուանհեով (instrumental singular singular-only)
Հուանհեում (locative singular singular-only)
Հուանհեն (definite nominative singular singular-only)
Հուանհեին (dative definite singular singular-only)
Հուանհես (first-person nominative possessive singular singular-only)
Հուանհեիս (dative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Հուանհեիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular singular-only)
Հուանհեովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular singular-only)
Հուանհեումս (first-person locative possessive singular singular-only)
Հուանհեդ (nominative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Հուանհեիդ (dative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Հուանհեիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Հուանհեովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular singular-only)
Հուանհեումդ (locative possessive second-person singular singular-only)

hy-decl-noun-unc

Հուանհեները / Հուանհեներն

Հուանհեներին

Հուանհեներից

Հուանհեներով

Հուանհեներում

Հուանհեներիս

Հուանհեներիցս

Հուանհեներովս

Հուանհեներումս

Հուանհեներիդ

Հուանհեներիցդ

Հուանհեներովդ

Հուանհեներումդ


Jangce

Jangce (nominative singular)
Jangcét (accusative singular)
Jangcének (dative singular)
Jangcével (instrumental singular)
Jangcéért (causal-final singular)
Jangcévé (singular translative)
Jangcéig (singular terminative)
Jangceként (essive-formal singular)
Jangcében (inessive singular)
Jangcén (singular superessive)
Jangcénél (adessive singular)
Jangcébe (illative singular)
Jangcére (singular sublative)
Jangcéhez (allative singular)
Jangcéből (elative singular)
Jangcéről (delative singular)
Jangcétől (ablative singular)
Jangcéé (singular)
Jangcééi (singular)
Jangcém (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Jangcéd (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Jangcéje (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Jangcénk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Jangcétek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Jangcéjük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Jangce (nominative singular)
Jangcét (accusative singular)
Jangcénak (dative singular)
Jangcéval (instrumental singular)
Jangcéért (causal-final singular)
Jangcévá (singular translative)
Jangcéig (singular terminative)
Jangceként (essive-formal singular)
Jangcéban (inessive singular)
Jangcén (singular superessive)
Jangcénál (adessive singular)
Jangcéba (illative singular)
Jangcéra (singular sublative)
Jangcéhoz (allative singular)
Jangcéból (elative singular)
Jangcéról (delative singular)
Jangcétól (ablative singular)
Jangcéé (singular)
Jangcééi (singular)
Jangcém (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Jangcéd (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Jangcéja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Jangcénk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Jangcétok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Jangcéjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)


九龍

ja-r

九龍(きゅうりゅう) (Kyūryū)

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (九龍):
* → Japanese: 九龍(きゅうりゅう) (Kyūryū)
* → Korean: 구룡(九龍) (Guryong)
* → Vietnamese: Cửu Long (九龍)

English: Kowloon

Japanese: 九龍(クーロン) (Kūron), 九龍(カウロン) (Kauron)

Korean: 주룽 (jurung)

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ¹³/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²³/

/kiu⁵²⁻³⁵ leŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiɤ³³ loŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ lʊŋ³⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ¹³/

/kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/

/kiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²³/

/kiu⁵²⁻³⁵ leŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiɤ³³ loŋ⁴⁴/

(～江) Jiulong River (a river in southern Fujian)

北溪

upper reaches, above the confluence with the Xixi


Song

A river in China; any of various minor rivers in China.


Amour

The world's ninth longest river, forming the border between the Far East of Russia and Northeastern China, emptying into the Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Tartary, where the mouth of the river faces the northern end of the island of Sakhalin


Амур

ru-proper noun+

Аму́р • (Amúr) m inan (genitive Аму́ра, relational adjective аму́рский)

Аму́р (canonical)
Amúr (romanization)
Аму́ра (genitive)
аму́рский (adjective relational)
Аму́р (nominative singular)
Аму́ра (genitive singular)
Аму́ру (dative singular)
Аму́р (accusative singular)
Аму́ром (instrumental singular)
Аму́ре (prepositional singular)

→ Armenian: Ամուր (Amur)

→ English: Amur

Of Tungusic origin. From the same root whence Solon amur (“river”).

Amur (a river on the border between China and Russia)


浙江

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (浙江):
* → Japanese: 浙江(せっこう) (sekkō)
* → Korean: 절강(浙江) (jeolgang)
* → Vietnamese: Chiết Giang (浙江)

desc

→ English: Che-chiang, Che-keang, Chekiang, Zhejiang, Zhe Jiang, Chekiang, Che-chiang, Chê-chiang (Wade–Giles), Che-keang, Che-kyang, Chequiam (obsolete), Jhejiang, Zhe Jiang

→ Manchu: ᠵᡝᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩ (jegiyang)

→ Zhuang: Cezgyangh

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɑŋ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːt̚³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡set̚⁵⁵ kɔŋ³³/

/t͡sɛt̚⁵ kɔŋ²/

/t͡ʃat⁵⁻² koŋ⁵³/

/t͡sat̚¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sieʔ²⁴⁻²¹ kouŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kaŋ⁵³³/

/t͡siɛʔ²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sik̚²⁻⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡səʔ³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡səʔ⁴⁴ kɑ̃²³/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥i̯ɑŋ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siːt̚³ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡set̚⁵⁵ kɔŋ³³/

/t͡sɛt̚⁵ kɔŋ²/

/t͡ʃat⁵⁻² koŋ⁵³/

/t͡sat̚¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sieʔ²⁴⁻²¹ kouŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kaŋ⁵³³/

/t͡siɛʔ²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sik̚²⁻⁴ kaŋ³³/

/t͡səʔ³³ kɑ̃⁴⁴/

/t͡səʔ⁴⁴ kɑ̃²³/

Classic of Mountains and Seas
Qiantang River

The ancient name of the Qiantang River. First attested in the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

When the First Emperor of Ch’in crossed River Che on a visit to Kuaichi, Hsiang Liang and Hsiang Yu looked on. “That one could be captured and replaced,” exclaimed Hsiang Yu. “Don't talk absurdities!” said Hsiang Liang, putting his hand over his nephew’s mouth. “Do you want our clan wiped out?”

The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

Qín shǐhuángdì yóu Kuàijī, dù Zhèjiāng, Liáng yǔ Jí jù guān. Jí yuē: “Bǐ kě qǔ ér dài yě.” Liáng yǎn qí kǒu, yuē: “Wú wàngyán, zú yǐ!”

秦始皇帝游會稽，渡浙江，梁與籍俱觀。籍曰：“彼可取而代也。”梁掩其口，曰：“毋妄言，族矣！”

秦始皇帝游会稽，渡浙江，梁与籍俱观。籍曰：“彼可取而代也。”梁掩其口，曰：“毋妄言，族矣！”

At the time Shen Ch’ung of Wu-hsing was a prefecture magistrate, and was just then escorting a guest across the Che River. When he and his guest appeared, the innkeeper evacuated Ch’u, and moved him down to the ox shed. The tidal bore arrived. Shen got up and was strolling back and forth.

Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE

Ěrshí Wúxīng Shěn Chōng wéi xiànlìng, dāng sòngkè guò Zhèjiāng, kè chū, tínglì qū gōng yí niúwū xià. Cháoshuǐ zhì, Shěn-lìng qǐ pánghuáng.

爾時吳興沈充爲縣令，當送客過浙江，客出，亭吏驅公移牛屋下。潮水至，沈令起彷徨。

尔时吴兴沈充为县令，当送客过浙江，客出，亭吏驱公移牛屋下。潮水至，沈令起彷徨。

The tidal bore on the Che River is one of the greatest sights of the world.

c. 1280s, Zhou Mi, Reminiscences of Wulin, translated by Richard Strassberg

Zhèjiāng zhī cháo, tiānxià zhī wěiguān yě.

浙江之潮，天下之偉觀也。

浙江之潮，天下之伟观也。

(historical) Zhe River (the former name of the Qiantang River in Zhejiang, China)


সিন্ধু

head

সিন্ধু • (śindhu)

bn-proper noun

সিন্ধু • (śindhu)

ভারতীয় উপমহাদেশে সর্বপ্রথম প্রতিপন্ন সভ্যতা সিন্ধু ও সরস্বতী নদীর তীরে গড়ে উঠেছিল।

bharotiẏo upomhadeśe śorboprothom protiponno śobbhota śindhu ō śorośśoti nodir tire goṛe uṭhechil.

The first proven civilization in the Indian subcontinent was founded on the banks of the Indus and Saraswati rivers.

Indus (a large river in South Asia, rising in Tibet and flowing through India and Pakistan to the Arabian Sea.)


Ao

From atonal romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 鰲 /鳌 (Áo) and 敖 (Áo).

To produce leather goods, plants dumped an estimated 8,000 tonnes of waste a day into the Ao River, transforming its once-clear waters into a foul-smelling cesspool.

2004 July 3, Ray Cheung, “Polluted pig-leather capital is cleaned up”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-11-24:

The Ao River currently provides water for Lianjian^([sic – meaning Lianjiang]) County, irrigation for agriculture, water to villages for drinking, to fish farms, animal farms, and industries. Before the construction of the Shanzai dam the dry season flow in the Ao River at the water works at downstream Lianjian^([sic – meaning Lianjiang]) County has fallen so low (to 8.5m³/sec) that it was necessary to limited the water intake rate to the water works.[…](iii) obtain how data or the Ao River at Lianjian^([sic – meaning Lianjiang]) County from the Fujian Provincial Hydrology Department to monitor the effect of water diversion from the Tang Ban Reservoir on the quality and quantity of downstream water;[…]

1998, Fuzhou Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Project in the People's Republic of China, Asian Development Bank, →OCLC, pages 10, 17:

Chiang said her father was born in Lianjiang, and he knew very well that if there was no dike, places like Gui'an and Taoyuan villages would be flooded every year.
"Just a while ago, when it rained heavily, waterlogging can be seen in many places. At that time, I was looking at the course of the Aojiang River, when I suddenly realized that we were defending our homeland."

[2021 December 12, “Three ordinary Taiwan locals who made new lives across the Strait”, in huaxia, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2023-04-08:


Irtysh

From Russian Иртыш (Irtyš), possibly from Bashkir.

The O-erh-ch'i-ssu River begins in the southern section of the lofty A-erh-t'ai Mountains of Sinkiang. This river is over 2,900 kilometers long and has a large delta area rich in minerals such as gold, iron, copper, lead, zinc, mercury, mica, crystal and "ping-chou-shih" [3056 3166 4258 possibly cryolite]. At the source of the O-erh-ch'i-ssu River, the A-erh-t'ai Mountains reach more than 3,000 meters above sea level. The peaks of the mountains are covered with snow year-round, and rainfall is heavy in the summer.

[1969 July 3 [1969 May 28], “A View of the O-erh-ch'i-ssu River Delta”, in Translations on People's Republic of China, number 59, United States Joint Publications Research Service, sourced from Hong Kong, Ta Kung Pao, p 8, translation of 額爾齊斯河流域風貌 by 念澄 (in Chinese), →OCLC, Economic, page 11:

我國新疆的額爾齊斯河,發源於巍峨的阿爾泰山東部,[…]
額爾齊斯河全長二千九百多公里,它的流域面積很廣,在它流域的廣闊土地上,蘊藏著豐富的寶藏,其中有金,鐵,銅,鉛,鋅,水銀,雲母,氷洲石,水晶等.
額爾齊斯河的發源地阿爾泰山,也是我國的名山,海拔三千米以上,山常年積雪,夏天雨水很多.

While stabilized and semistabilized sand dunes prevail in the desert in the Dzungarian Basin, shifting dunes are the rule in this desert, intermittently distributed along both the south and north banks of the O-erh-ch'i-szu Ho in the northwestern part of the basin. Lying under these dunes are the sloping diluvial terraces and undulating slopes of the mountain bases. Due to its high elevation and its being situated in the river valley between the Sa-wu-erh and A-erh-t'ai mountain ranges, gale force wind penetrates the region in winter and little snow is accumulated.

[1975 August 18 [1974 May], “Study of China's Deserts [中国沙漠概论 CHUNG-KUO SHA-MO KAI-LUN]”, in Translations on People's Republic of China, number 316, United States Joint Publications Research Service, sourced from Peking, Desert Laboratory Lanchow Institute of Glacier, Frozen Ground and Desert Soil Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences [中国科学院兰州冰川冻土沙漠研究所沙漠研究室], translation of original in Chinese, →OCLC, page 47:

中国科学院兰州冰川冻土沙漠研究所沙漠研究室

The term "easy, small and nearby" refers to the regulation of surpluses and the replenishment of shortages within the region first. Examples include the projects which draw water from the Datong River and Qinggeng River in the Huhuan Lake District in Qinghai, the project to draw water from the E‘erqisi River in Altay Prefecture in Xinjiang, the project to draw water from the Datong River to the Hei River in the Hexi region of Gansu, the project to draw water from the Yellow River to the Alxa League in Hei Monggo and so on.

[1984 May 1 [1983 November], Xiao Sanwu [5135 0005 0063] [肖三五], “An Inquiry into Questions of Developing Water Conservation in the Northwest Inland Area”, in China Report: Agriculture, number 84-012, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Beijing ZHONGGUO SHUILI No 6 p 37-40 [Water Conservation in China], translation of original in Chinese, →OCLC, page 67:

On its own Kazakhstan is unable to mount such a challenge. However, the other downstream state liable to be affected by China’s Irtysh extraction plans is Russia.

2001, Central Asian Security: The New International Context, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 80:

The Interfax news agency, citing regional police and emergency services, says the crash occurred Saturday on the Irtysh river, 10 kilometers from the Siberian city of Omsk.

2013 August 17, “Russia boat crash kills 4, injures 49”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-22:


和田

/xɤ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

/xɤ³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/wɔː²¹ tʰiːn²¹/

Homophonous replacement for 和闐／和阗 (Hétián) from 1959; Uyghur خوتەن (xoten).

zh-l

和闐／和阗 (Hétián)

(～河) Hotan River (a river in the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


Yellow River

the Yellow River (canonical)
Yellow river (alternative)

Calque of Chinese 黃河 /黄河 (Huáng Hé), chiefly from the river's golden appearance as far west as Lanzhou caused by the enormous levels of silt it acquires from the Loess Plateau but also influenced by the color schema in wuxing ("Five Element") theory, which associates earth with the color 黃 /黄 (huáng), usually translated as "yellow" but also inclusive of shades modern English would consider golden, orange, brown, tan, etc. The earliest Chinese sources simply describe it as 河 (hé, “The River”) but it was later distinguished as the Yellow River after 河 (hé) began to replace 水 (shuǐ) as a generic term for creeks and smaller rivers.

That Riuer of Nanquin which I called (Yamſu or) Ianſu, the ſonne of the Sea, goeth Northward to Nanquin, and then returning ſomewhat Southward, runneth into the Sea with great force; fortie myles from which it paſſeth by Nanquin. And that from hence to Pequin there might bee paſſage by Riuers, the Kings of China haue deriued a large Channell from this to another Riuer, called the Yellow Riuer, ſuch being the colour of that troubled water. This is the other famous Riuer of that Kingdome, in greatneſſe and note, which ariſesth without the Kingdome to the Weſt, out of the Hill Cunlun, conjectured to bee the ſame whence Ganges ariſeth, or one neere to it.

1625, Samuel Purchas, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes, volume III, London, →OCLC, page 340:

Firſt of all, There are in China two famous large Rivers, namely Kiang, and the Yellow River... The Yellow River, by ſtrangers ſo called from the colour of the water, occaſioned by the Yellowneſs of the ground, is named Hoang in the Chineſe Language, and ſeems at firſt to be very Mooriſh; but the ſwiftneſs and great force of its running, makes it appear the quite contrary; for with ſo incredible a ſwiftneſs does this River run, that no Ships are able to Sail up againſt its Stream, but are drawn up againſt the ſame by the main ſtrength of a great number of Track-men: which may proceed from its being contracted within ſo narrow bounds; for in ſome places it is but half a mile broad, and in others a little broader, but in a continued courſe, for in length it extends above 800 miles.

1669, John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, →OCLC, pages 235–236:

After passing a short stage, through low lands with very different prospects, a succession of good towns and villages, numerous vessels, and crowds of people, indicated the vicinity of the Yellow River, into which the canal falls with a gentle force.
November 2d, the yachts came to the spot where the canal joins the Yellow River.
The Yellow River runs at this place with such rapidity that the Chinese sailors deemed it necessary to offer a sacrifice to its Guardian Spirit for a safe passage.

1798, Complete View of the Chinese Empire, London, page 400:

As we rode slowly over the Lunghai Line toward Sianfu, across the brown sun-baked plains of Northern Honan, soon to be flooded when the Chinese breached the Yellow River dikes to stop the advancing Yellow Horde, we passed many troop trains en-route to the front.

1941, Edgar Snow, The Battle for Asia, New York: Random House, page 26:

China's Yellow River, or Huang he, is named for the yellow, sandy silt it carries in its water. This silt, called loess, is almost as fine as flour. Over thousands of years, the northwestern wind blowing from the Gobi Desert has deposited hundreds of feet of loess over northern China. As the Yellow River flows through China, it sweeps away the fine, yellow silt and carries it downriver.

2001, Kim Dramer, The Yellow River, Franklin Watts, →ISBN, page 7:

FOR MORE THAN 2,000 years, a branch of the Silk Road — the 600-mile-long Hexi Corridor — has angled southeast from the Taklamakan and Gobi deserts to the Yellow River loess plains.

2020 May 11, Anna Sherman, “A Poetic Journey Through Western China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-05-11:

Central China, where multiple tributaries of the Yellow River crisscross and monsoon rains are exceptionally heavy, has long been subject to flooding.

2021 July 22, Pei Lin Wu, Rebecca Tan, “Death toll in China floods climbs to 33 as rains spread and more cities call for help”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-07-22, Asia:

The chief river of the North China Plain, the second-longest river in China and sixth-longest river system on Earth, historically prone to massive floods which repeatedly drastically changed its course; it passes through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces as well as Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions.

Kunlun

Source of the Yellow River in trad. Chinese mythology


Zhang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 漳 (Zhāng).

Until the recent construction of a system of roads, the Wei River was northern Henan Province's principal link with the outside world, connecting it with the Grand Canal and thence the city of Tianjin and the sea.[...]In addition, just to the northwest of the county lies the tempestuous Zhang River; usually shallow, it becomes a raging torrent during heavy monsoon rains, flooding the border area of northern Henan and southern Hebei provinces.

1996, Peter J. Seybolt, “Introduction: Houhua Village in Space and Time”, in Throwing the Emperor from His Horse: Portrait of a Village Leader in China, 1923-1995, Westview Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 10:

During the hot, dry month of August 1992 the farmers of Baishan village in Hebei province and Panyang village in Henan came to blows. Residents from each village hurled insults and rudimentary explosives at the other across the Zhang River – the river that feeds the Red Flag Canal Irrigation System and forms the border between the two provinces.

2015 September 3, David Pietz, “How History Shaped China's Water Crisis”, in The Diplomat, archived from the original on 2015-09-06:

A river in Shanxi, Henan and Hebei, China.


揚子江

→ English: Yangtze (calque)

→ German: Jangtsekiang

→ Korean: 양쯔강 (Yangjjeugang)

→ Portuguese: rio Yangtzé (calque)

→ Russian: Янцзы́ (Janczý)

→ Spanish: río Yangtsé (calque)

→ Thai: แม่น้ำแยงซี (calque)

→ Vietnamese: sông Dương Tử (calque)

/jɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/yoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒy³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾øyŋ⁵⁵/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/jɑŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jœːŋ²¹ t͡siː³⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/yoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒy³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾øyŋ⁵⁵/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

From 揚子／扬子 (Yángzǐ) (for "Yangzhou" directly or for a nearby ferry named "Yangzi") + 江 (jiāng, “(major) river”). Its false etymology as "Son of the Ocean" stems from the homophonic misnomer 洋子江.

揚子／扬子 (Yángzǐ)


揚子江

ja-pos

揚(よう)子(す)江(こう) • (Yōsukō) ^(←やうすかう (Yausukau)?)

揚子江 (canonical)
Yōsukō (romanization)
Yausukau (romanization)
やうすかう (hiragana historical)


Yarkand

A river in China, upon which the city of Yarkant is located. The upper part of this river is known as Raskam.


Min

The Lamyet (or Nanjeih) islands are situated to the northeastward of Chinchew bay, the nearest distant about forty miles. The mainland, leaving its usual northeastern direction, runs out due east for above thirty miles, and the first of the Lamyet islands lies off the easternmost point of it. From hence there is an almost uninterrupted series of islands and islets, up to the mouth of the Yangtsze keäng. The Lamyet islands are opposite to the entrance of a deep bay, at the bottom of which is the city of Hinghwa foo, the capital of the most fertile portion of Fuhkeën. This bay, however, has not yet been visited by foreigners. The outermost of the Lamyet islands, named by Ross Ocksou, was found, when passed by the ships of Lord Amherst’s embassy, to be in lat .24° 59' 15" north, lon. 119° 34' 30" east. About thirty miles further to the northward, we pass between an island of peculiar form and the main. This island is named Haetan, the altar of the sea ; in shape it is semicircular, and of nearly equal breadth throughout. A few miles above this island we reach the mouth of the river Min.

1837 May, “Coast of China: the division of it into four portions ; brief description of the principal places on the southeastern, eastern, and northeastern portions.”, in The Chinese Repository, volume VI, number 1, Canton, →OCLC, pages 12–13:

We traveled down the Min River from Nanping in a small sampan, flying the American flag for protection against bandits and soldiers. Those were the days when the Stars and Stripes still afforded some protection.

1953, John C. Caldwell, China Coast Family, Chicago: Henry Regnery Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 96:

Matsu is about 200 miles north of Quemoy and flanks the mouth of the Min River. The mainland city of Foochow, famed for its lacquer craftsmanship, is a short distance up the Min.

1973 November 4, “Matsu is strong, prosperous”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIV, number 43, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2:

We left Foochow after an early breakfast, and after half an hour on a boat ferry that took us from the city environs across the Min River and up a tributary, we landed in Minhou county, and took the highway that led across Yungtai county to Tehua.

1975, Rewi Alley, “Some Fukien Pottery Kilns, Ancient and Modern”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XIV, number 3, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 26, column 2:

Foochow was a picturesque city of considerable size and consequence before its designation in 1842 as one of the five original treaty ports. It was the headquarters of Manchu civil and military offcialdom in Fukien Province. Its location on the Min River, which flowed through a major tea-producing district, and its excellent harbor gave the city additional importance as a port.

1978, Burton F. Beers, China in Old Photographs 1860-1910, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 111:

In a small store in Tingjiang, across the Min River in Lianjiang County, questions about smuggling people into America prompted a lively discussion.

2003 September 7, David W. Chen, “For Many Chinese, America's Allure Is Fading”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-27, World:


金沙江

desc

→ English: Chinsha Chiang, Chin-sha Chiang, Jinsha Jiang, Jin Sha Jiang, Kinsha Kiang, Kin Sha Kiang

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʂä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ saː⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Named for the placer gold throughout its course.

During the Song, because of the great number of prospectors in the river, it was renamed as the Jinsha River.

Sòngdài yīnwéi hé zhōng chūxiàn dàliàng táojīnrén ér gǎichēng jīnshājiāng.

宋代因為河中出現大量淘金人而改稱金沙江。

宋代因为河中出现大量淘金人而改称金沙江。

The Jinsha River, the upper course of the Yangtze in western Sichuan.


黑水

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/xeɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐk̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

(historical) the Amur River; Heilong Jiang

(～靺鞨) Heishui Mohe, a tribe of Mohe people along the Amur River

(～鎮) Heshui (a town in Jianping, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China)

(～鎮) Heshui (a town in Taonan, Baicheng, Jilin, China)

(～鎮) Heshui (a town in Youyang, Chongqing, China)

(～縣) Heshui (a county of Ngawa prefecture, Sichuan, China)


Jinsha

From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 金沙 (Jīnshā, literally “golden sand”).

Kinsha (alternative)
Kin-sha (alternative)
Kin Sha (alternative)
Chinsha (alternative)
Chin-sha (alternative)
Chin Sha (alternative)
Jin Sha (alternative also)
Jingsha (alternative misspelling)

The Sanjiang Fold System is an Indosinian geosynclinal fold system, lying in western Yunnan and the Qamdo area of Tibet east of the Nujiang River and west of the Jinsha River. In eastern Tibet the Jinsha, Lancang and Nujiang Rivers turn suddenly to the south to form the famous Sanjiang (Three-River) Valley.

1987, “Brief Description of the Main Tectonic Units of China”, in Geotectonic Evolution of China, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 83:

Except for the ten or more days when we rested in Zunyi Prefecture in northern Guizhou Province and the five days when we stopped in Huili County after we had crossed the Jinsha River, we spent all of our time marching, regardless of the weather, from Jiangxi to Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan and then to Xikang⁶⁶ provinces, and then on to Lifan¹⁰² and Songpang in Sichuan Province.

1995 [1935], Chen Yun, “My Experiences on the Westward March”, in Selected Works of Chen Yun, volume I, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 54–55:

'Here,' announced Wei, 'is the start of the mighty Tongtian River, which flows into the Jinsha River and then into our glorious Yangtze.'

2016, Richard Loseby, chapter 10, in A Boy of China (Non-fiction), HarperCollins, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 120:

A ceremony was held on Monday to mark the coming on stream of the first unit of the Wudongde power plant, built near the provincial border of Yunnan and Sichuan on the Jinsha river, the upstream branch of the Yangtze.

2020 June 30, David Stanway, “China's giant Wudongde hydro project begins power generation”, in Kenneth Maxwell, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2020-06-30, Environment:

The Baihetan Dam on the Jinsha River, a tributary of the Yangtze, is part of Chinese efforts to curb surging fossil fuel demand by building more hydropower capacity at a time when dams have fallen out of favor in other countries due to environmental complaints.

2021 June 28, “China turns on world’s second-biggest hydropower dam”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2021-06-28:

A river in Qinghai and western Sichuan, China, the headwater of the Yangtze.


西江

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

From its location relative to the main course of the Pearl River.


Wei

A river in China, a tributary of the Yellow River.


燕子河

/jɛn⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹ xɤ³⁵/

/jɛn⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹ xɤ³⁵/

The Yanzi River, a creek in central China's Gansu province


Red River

They have also identified the fault in the earth's crust along which this motion took place. It is a belt of severely altered rocks more than 600 miles long, from Tibet to the Gulf of Tonkin. The Red River, which flows from China across Vietnam into the gulf, follows this zone.

1990 February 20, “SCIENCE WATCH; How Indochina Moved”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-25, Section C, page 13:

Thanks to the Red River, the principal watercourse that disgorges into the gulf, the coastal region has long enjoyed a navigable connection to the foothills of the gulf's mountainous hinterland (modern Laos, northern Vietnam, and Yunnan) and to the peoples of the region and the valuable local products that historically flowed downriver from them to the sea.

2011, Li Tana, “The Tongking Gulf Through History: A Geopolitical Overview”, in Nola Cooke, Li Tana, James A. Anderson, editors, The Tongking Gulf Through History, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 5:

A river in northern Vietnam and Yunnan, southern China.

紅河 /红河

the Red River of Yunnan in southern China and of northern Vietnam


沅江

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Yuan River (The Yuan River of Hunan in China)


Yuan River

It is said at Hankau that boats can travel up stream 4000 li by three different routes—the Yangtse Chiang, the Yuan river in Hu Nan, and the Han river.

1898 September, W. R. Carles, “THE YANGTSE CHIANG”, in The Geographical Journal, volume XII, number 3, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 236:

Now that the Japanese menace has been removed, at least temporarily, refugee farmers and artisans are drifting back to their homes in Hunan, south of the Yuan River. On the long hard trek from Taoyuan our party of military attaches and correspondents met them on hard lumpy paths, crossing winter paddy fields.

1944 January 3 [1943 December 29], Brooks Atkinson, “MANY ATROCITIES LISTED BY CHINESE; Barbarity of Japanese Held to Be Psychopathic Compensation for Lack of Charm”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-12-02, page 3:

General Fu Yu-te commanded an army of 100,000 which assembled in Hu-kuang Province (Hu-pei and Hu-nan area). Aside from a part of his army which he dispatched post-haste to Wu-san (present-day Wei-ning in western Kuei-chou)(See Photos 7 and 8), he personally led the main body. He entered Kuei-chou from Hu-nan along the Yuan River route.

1954, Herold J. Wiens, “The history of South Chinese tribal movements and migrations”, in Han Chinese Expansion in South China, Shoe String Press, published 1967, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 88:


元江

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɥɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/jyːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

The "Yuan River", the Chinese stretch of the Red River, prior to its crossing the Vietnamese border

哈尼族彝族傣族自治縣 哈尼族彝族傣族自治縣#Chinese

(～哈尼族彝族傣族自治縣, ～縣) Yuanjiang (an autonomous county of Yuxi, Yunnan, China)


淮河

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/waːi̯²¹ hɔː²¹/

/huai²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/

/xu̯aɪ̯³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/waːi̯²¹ hɔː²¹/

/huai²³⁻³³ hɤ²³/


Songjiang

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 松江 (Sōngjiāng, literally “Pine River”).

bor

Sung-chiang (alternative)
Sungkiang (alternative)

The explosion rocked the Riteng Computer Accessory Co., a wholly owned subsidiary of Pegatron, in Shanghai’s Songjiang district.[…]
Wu told the AP in China: “Our hearts go out to the people who were hurt in Songjiang. We are working closely with Pegatron to understand the cause of this accident.”

2011 December 20, Hayley Tsukayama, “Report: Apple partner Pegatron under scrutiny after blast”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2011-12-20, Tech:

A statement issued Monday by the Shanghai government and posted on its Web site said that there were piglets in the river as well as adult swine weighing hundreds of pounds. Residents in the Songjiang district, the area southwest of downtown Shanghai where most of the pigs have been discovered, said this was not the first time they had seen dead pigs in the Huangpu.

2013 March 11, Edward Wong, “Thousands of Dead Pigs Found in Chinese River”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-03-11, Asia Pacific:

A district of Shanghai, China, located along the Grand Canal and formerly the principal city of the region.

Various other minor towns and villages of China.

Synonym of Song River, any of various minor rivers in China.

(historical) A former province in China. Capital: Mudanjiang.


Qiantang

/t͡ʃiˌænˈtæŋ/

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Qian Liu
Qiantang
Tang dynasty
Wuyue

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 錢塘 /钱塘 (Qiántáng), named for the dyke constructed on the river by Qian Liu, ruler of Wuyue, one of the Ten Kingdoms that succeeded the Tang dynasty.

Ch‘ien-t‘ang (alternative)
Ch'ien-t'ang (alternative)

In the Province of Chekiang, near the chief City of Hangcheu, runs a River, which in regard of its courſe, is called ſometimes Che, at other times Cientang, and in ſome places Cingan.

[1669, John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, →OCLC, page 238:

The Choushan Archipelago of Chekiang, visited by both the cold and warm currents, is rich in fishes of cold- and warm-water origin which come in search of the nutritious food washed down by the Yangtse and Chientang waters. Choushan is now China’s biggest fishing ground.

[1964, 任育地 [Jen Yu-ti], “Seas”, in 中国地理概述 [A Concise Geography of China], Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 46:

The prince had the two old canals of the Wu kings widened, deepened, and lined with rock. Then he extended the canal around Tai Hu, and south to the Chientang River.

[1967, Lyn Harrington, “Sui—"The Son of a Talented Father Shows Talent"”, in The Grand Canal of China, Rand McNally & Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 27:

The Severn has England's best bore, but it is less impressive than some others. North America has a spectacular one on the Petitcodiac River in New Brunswick. India has several. The Amazon has one. The greatest of all is said to be on the Qiantang River in Hangzhou, China.

1985 December 22, Roy Reed, “HERE COMES THE SEVERN BORE”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, Section 10, page 23:

To the west and beyond the lake to the south was the broad river the Qiantang, at its widest almost two miles across, at its narrowest, at least half a mile.

2002, R. Keith Schoppa, Song Full of Tears: Nine Centuries of Chinese Life at Xiang Lake, Westview Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 3:

“Tides: The Science and Spirit of the Ocean” Author, surfer and sailor Jonathan White discusses his book, in which he recounts being under Arctic ice with an Inuit elder, hunting for mussels in the dark cavities left behind at low tide, a race with the “Silver Dragon,” a 25-foot tidal bore that surges 80 miles up the Qiantang River, and interviewing monks who live in a tide-wreathed monastery on Mont Saint-Michel, France.

2017 April 20, Gerri Marmer, “D.C. community and cultural events, April 20-27, 2017”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-04-20, Social Issues:

A river in China, flowing north and east through Zhejiang into Hangzhou Bay.


Sông Hồng

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˦˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˦˩]

[ʂəwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

[səwŋ͡m˧˧ həwŋ͡m˨˩]

sông (“river”) + hồng (“red”), calque of French fleuve Rouge. The Sinicized Hồng Hà was also calqued from the same source.
The native/colloquial name (tên Nôm) of the river was sông Cái, literally "great/big river"; this word was transliterated by the French as Song-Koï and Song-Coï. The literary name(s) (tên chữ) of the river was 珥水 (Nhị/Nhĩ thuỷ) (textual evidence) and 珥河 (Nhị/Nhĩ hà); both the readings nhĩ and nhị for the first character were in use, although nhị seems to be more common.
Since 紅河 (Hồng Hà) was adopted late (during the colonial period), it is not clear if it ever sufficiently replaced 珥水 (Nhị/Nhĩ thuỷ) and 珥河 (Nhị/Nhĩ hà) as the administrative tên chữ. Some of the earlier works attesting the spread of sông Hồng (Hà/Giang) as the vernacular name of the river including Nam Hải dị nhân liệt truyện (1909) and Việt Nam sử lược (1920). With the spread of sông Hồng, both the native tên Nôm sông Cái and the administrative-literary tên chữ 珥水 (Nhị/Nhĩ thuỷ)/珥河 (Nhị/Nhĩ hà) were rendered obsolete.

Red River (a river in northern Vietnam and Yunnan, southern China)


سند

→ Arabic: السِّنْد (as-sind)

→ English: Sind

Indus (a major river in China, India and Pakistan, rising in Tibet and flowing into the Arabian Sea)


渭河

/weɪ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/wɐi̯²² hɔː²¹/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

/wɐi̯²² hɔː²¹/


楊樹浦

desc

→ English: Yangshupu, Yangtszepoo, Yangtsze-Poo

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʂu⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɑŋ³⁵ ʂu⁵¹ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(～河) Yangshupu Creek (a creek in Yangpu district, Shanghai, China)


楊浦

/jɑŋ³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ĩõ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰou⁵²/

/jɑŋ³⁵ pʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ĩõ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰou⁵²/

A contraction of the earlier 楊樹浦 /杨树浦 (Yángshùpǔ), named for the 楊樹浦 /杨树浦 (Yángshùpǔ)河 (hé, “Yangshupu Creek”) in the area.

(～區) Yangpu (a district of Shanghai, China)


牡丹江

→ English: Mudanjiang, Mu-tan-chiang

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mu²¹⁴ d̥än⁴ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/maːu̯¹³ taːn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tan³³ kaŋ³³/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/mu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/mu²¹⁴ d̥än⁴ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/maːu̯¹³ taːn⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tan³³ kaŋ³³/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/bɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tan⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

牡丹 (mǔdān) is a phono-semantic matching of Manchu ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ (mudan, “bend”), in the Manchu name for the river ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ
ᡠᠯᠠ (mudan ula, “river of bends”).


Rio Amarelo

Yellow River, Huang He (a major river in northern China, passing through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces as well as Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions)


鴨綠江

/jä⁵⁵ lu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/aːp̚³ lʊk̚² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/jä⁵⁵ lu⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/aːp̚³ lʊk̚² kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

zh-l

鴨綠水／鸭绿水 (Yālùshuǐ)

Yalu River, Amnok River (a river on the China-North Korea border)


四瀆

Refers to 長江／长江 (Cháng Jiāng), 黃河／黄河 (Huáng Hé), 淮河 (Huái Hé) and 濟水／济水 (Jǐ Shuǐ).

黃河／黄河 (Huáng Hé)

濟水／济水 (Jǐ Shuǐ)

four large rivers that empty into an ocean

(archaic) the Yangtze, Huai River, Yellow River and Ji River


濟水

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


青龍

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (青龍):
* → Japanese: 青(せい)竜(りゅう) (seiryū)
* → Korean: 청룡(青龍) (cheongnyong)
* → Vietnamese: Thanh Long (青龍)

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ lœŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lyøŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ lʊŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ lœŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ lyøŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔŋ²³/

(～江) Qinglong (a river in Zhejiang, China), an alternative name of the lower Ao (鰲江/鳌江)


東江

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

The Dong or East River in Guangdong, China


東江

ja-pos

東(とう)江(こう) • (Tōkō)


𐰼𐱅𐰾

Unknown. Compare also Mongolian Эрчис (Erčis), Middle Chinese 額爾齊斯 (MC ngaek nyeX dzej|dzejH sje, “Irtysh river”).

ltc-l

𐰆𐰞:𐰘𐰃𐰞𐰴𐰀:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰏𐰾:𐱃𐰯𐰀:𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣:𐰘𐰃𐱁𐰍:𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰀:𐰼𐱅𐰾:𐰇𐰏𐰔𐰏:𐰚𐰲𐰀:𐰖𐰆𐰺𐰃𐰑𐰢𐰔
ol:yïlqa:türgiš:tapa:altun:yïšïɣ:toɣa:ertiš:ögüzüg:keče:yorïdïmïz

8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, E37

In that year we marched against the Türgesh climbing over the Altai Mountains crossing over the Irtysh river.


Fiume Azzurro

From fiume (“river”) + azzurro (“azure”).


Fen River

The cities west of the Fen River, where Taning is situated, were visited by him in 1869, but it is hardly possible that the copy of the Gospel which ultimately fell into the hands of Chang the Buddhist priest was one of those sold on that occasion, for the stamp upon the cover with the address at Taiyuanfu points to a later date when a station had been opened.

1921, Marshall Broomhall, In Quest of God: the Life Story of Pastors Chang & Ch'ü, Buddhist Priest & Chinese Scholar, Religious Tract Society, →OCLC, →OL, page 23:

This painting, which is the large central one in the Chinese Fresco Gallery on the ground floor of the Museum, is 38 feet, 2 inches long, and 18 feet, 11 inches high. It is known to have come from the Hsing Hua Ssŭ, "Monastery of Joyful Conversion", which is about ten miles south east of Chi-shan in South Shansi (Lat. 35°35ʹ, Long. 111°01ʹ). The monastery is located in the Chi Mountains, a range which forms part of the southern watershed of the Fen River, on which the town of Chi-shan is situated. In the Chi-shan Hsien Chih the official gazetteer of Chi-shan county, the location of Hsing Hua Monastery is recorded and the date of its founding is given as A.D. 592, in the Sui Dynasty.

1950 August [1937 July], W. C. White, H. E. Fernald, “Chinese Frescoes from the Royal Ontario Museum Toronto”, in Bulletin of the Royal Ontario Museum of Archaeology, Revised edition, number 12, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 6:

A prehistoric site of late Pleistocene age, which was especially prepared for our visit, was seen at Ting-ts'un, above the Fen River (Shansi).

1977, F. Clark Howell, “Introduction”, in Paleoanthropology in the People's Republic of China, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 3:

Taiyuan, the capital of the province, lies on the upper reaches of the Fen surrounded by irrigated ricelands, orchards and vineyards on the mountain slopes, with enormous seams of coal underground. In Shansi all roads lead to Taiyuan, but the roads that radiate out of Taiyuan in every direction lead nowhere.

[1983, William Hinton, “Introduction: Shansi, Land of the Oxhide Lanterns”, in Shenfan, New York: Vintage Books, published 1984, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page xxxiv:

About three hours in, the land leveled off and the horizon gave way to a jumbled skyline, broken by the Fen River. This was not how I had pictured Taiyuan: expecting history and poignancy, I would instead find Prada and Paul Smith.

2008 August 10, Aric Chen, “Bridging Generations on China’s High Plateau”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-02-10, Travel:

According to state media, 59 national meteorological stations reported the highest ever recorded daily rainfall, and 63 their highest accumulative total over the period. The Fen River reached its highest level in four years, they said.
Torrential rains fell for several days last week across the province. In 12 hours overnight to Thursday morning, Shanxi, which ordinarily has an average of 31.3mm for the month, had an average 119.5mm across the province.

2021 October 11, “China floods: bus falls into river as heavy rains destroy homes”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 2021-10-12:


汾河

/fən³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/fɐn²¹ hɔː²¹/

/fən³⁵ xɤ³⁵/

/fɐn²¹ hɔː²¹/


珠江

→ English: Pearl River (calque)

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡si²¹ kɔŋ³³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡si²¹ kɔŋ³³/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

Pearl River (a major river in southern China)


珠江

珠江 (canonical)
Shukō (romanization)
Syukau (romanization)
しゆかう (hiragana historical)


策勒

→ English: Cele, Ts'e-le, Ts'e-lo

/t͡sʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːk̚³ lɐk̚²/

/t͡sʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰaːk̚³ lɐk̚²/

(～河) a river in Qira, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang autonomous region, China


韓江

/xän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/han²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/han¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/

/xän³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/han²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/han¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/han²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/haŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³/