Xi'an

Cambridge University Press
Giant Wild Goose Pagoda
Ming Dynasty
Xi'an
Yuan Dynasty

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 西安 (Xī'ān), usually glossed as meaning "Western Peace" but inclusive of the idea of "Western Pacification" or "Pacified Area", first adopted under the Ming Dynasty in 1369 as the city was conquered from the Yuan and protected with a new wall. An apostrophe is usually required in pinyin to mark any non-initial syllable beginning with a, o, or e in a multi-syllable word. (See 隔音符號／隔音符号 (géyīn fúhào) for more.) In this case, the apostrophe happens to distinguish the two separate syllables of xī and ān from the monosyllabic words xiān, xián, xiǎn, and xiàn.

THE SILK ROAD was actually a perilous network of routes. It was hazardous to monks and pilgrims carrying Buddhist teachings between India and China and even more hazardous to traders, who intended to exchange gold, wool, horses, jade, and glass for silk. The road started in what is now Xi'an, in Shaanxi Province, traversed a barren crust of earth through treacherous mountains and desert across Central Asia to Antioch and Tyre; the last lap, to Europe and Egypt, was by water to other Mediterranean ports.

1984 January, Nina Hyde, “The Queen of Textiles”, in National Geographic, volume 165, number 1, page 30:

We began the trip at the ancient capital of Xi'an, where the Chinese put on an elaborate and beautiful welcoming ceremony. The next day we had the opportunity to walk among the rows of the famous terra-cotta warriors, and to have a roundtable discussion with Chinese citizens in the small village of Xiahe.

2005, Bill Clinton, My Life, volume II, New York: Vintage Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 434:

Then on Wednesday, after our formal talks concluded, Joan, Eleanor, and I traveled to the ancient city of Xi'an, home of the extraordinary exhibit of terra-cotta soldiers.

2010, Walter Mondale, David Hage, The Good Fight: A Life in Liberal Politics, Scribner, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 220:

The scheme was simple: Stuff cotton into air-monitoring equipment so that the air being read would be filtered and seem cleaner.
The people doing this to produce better — but false — air-quality readings in Xi’an, the provincial capital of Shaanxi, got away with it for months, until inspectors noticed irregularities in the data.

2016 October 28, Edward Wong, Vanessa Piao, “When China Wants Better Air Readings, Cotton Does the Trick”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-10-30, Asia Pacific:

Quite how the other 7,999 or so warriors — each about 6ft tall and weighing just over 28 stone — were made more than 2,000 years ago, however, has long been a subject of debate, with experts questioning how the intricately carved figures could have been produced on site in Xi’an, northwestern China.

2023 March 31, Didi Tang, “Terracotta Army’s broken arms may solve mystery of its creation”, in The Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-31:

The provincial capital of Shaanxi, China; a subprovincial city in central China famed as the former capital of numerous Chinese dynasties, also known as Chang'an among other historical names.

شِيَان

capital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an


華陰

/xu̯ä⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/waː²² jɐm⁵⁵/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ in⁵⁵/

/waː²² jɐm⁵⁵/

Yin (north) of Mount Hua; based on Yin and yang toponymy in which north is associated with yin. Huayin is situated to the north of Mount Hua.

(～市, formerly ～縣) Huayin (a county-level city in Weinan, Shaanxi, China)


延安

→ English: Yan'an, Yanan, Yenan, Yen-an

/jɛn³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/jiːn²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/jɛn³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/jiːn²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/

(～市) Yan'an, Yanan (a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi, China)


西安

desc

→ English: Hsi-an, Sian, Singan, Xian, Xi'an

/ɕi⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/ɕi²⁴ næ̃²⁴/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/sai³³⁻²³ aŋ³³/

/ɕi⁵⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/

/ɕi²⁴ næ̃²⁴/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ ɔːn⁵⁵/

/si²⁴⁻¹¹ on²⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

/sai³³⁻²³ aŋ³³/

Usually glossed as meaning "Western Peace" but inclusive of the idea of "Western Pacification" or "Pacified Area", first adopted under the Ming Dynasty in 1369 as the city was conquered from the Yuan and protected with a new wall.

(～市) Xi'an (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Shaanxi, China)


西安

Xi'an (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Shaanxi, in central China)


Сиань

ru-proper noun+

Сиа́нь • (Siánʹ) m inan (genitive Сиа́ня, relational adjective сиа́ньский)

Сиа́нь (canonical)
Siánʹ (romanization)
Сиа́ня (genitive)
сиа́ньский (adjective relational)
Сиа́нь (nominative singular)
Сиа́ня (genitive singular)
Сиа́ню (dative singular)
Сиа́нь (accusative singular)
Сиа́нем (instrumental singular)
Сиа́не (prepositional singular)

Xi'an (the capital city of Shaanxi, China)


興平

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

/ɕiŋ⁵⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² piɪŋ¹³/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²⁴/

/hiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ piɪŋ²³/

(～市) Xingping (a county-level city in Xianyang, Shaanxi, China)


神木

/ʂən³⁵ mu⁵¹/

/sɐn²¹ mʊk̚²/

/sin²⁴⁻²² bɔk̚⁴/

/sin²⁴⁻²² bɔk̚²⁴/

/sin¹³⁻²² bɔk̚¹²¹/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔk̚⁴/

/sin²³⁻³³ bɔk̚⁴/

/ʂən³⁵ mu⁵¹/

/sɐn²¹ mʊk̚²/

/sin²⁴⁻²² bɔk̚⁴/

/sin²⁴⁻²² bɔk̚²⁴/

/sin¹³⁻²² bɔk̚¹²¹/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔk̚⁴/

/sin²³⁻³³ bɔk̚⁴/

(～市, formerly ～縣) Shenmu (a county-level city and former county of Yulin, Shaanxi, China)


安康

/ˀän⁵⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an³³ kʰɔŋ³³/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ kʰaŋ³³/

/ˀän⁵⁵ kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/ɔːn⁵⁵ hɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an³³ kʰɔŋ³³/

/an⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔŋ⁴⁴/

/aŋ³³⁻²³ kʰaŋ³³/

(～市) Ankang (a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi, China)


安康

Ankang (a city in Shaanxi, in central China)


寶雞

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ kɐi̯⁵⁵/

/po³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ie⁵⁵/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴/

/pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

/pou̯³⁵ kɐi̯⁵⁵/

/po³³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ie⁵⁵/

/pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ke⁴⁴/

(～市) Baoji (a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi, China)


咸陽

→ English: Hsien-yang, Xianyang

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/haːm²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/haːm²¹ jœːŋ²¹/

Xianyang is located at the south of the Jiuzong mountains and north or Wei River. This satisfied both meanings of the character 陽／阳 (yáng, “south side of mountain or north side of river”) in toponymy.

(～市) Xianyang (a city in Shaanxi, China)


渭南

/weɪ̯⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/wɐi̯²² naːm²¹/

/weɪ̯⁵¹ nän³⁵/

/wɐi̯²² naːm²¹/

(～市) Weinan (a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi, China)


銅川

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/

/tʰʊŋ²¹ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/

(～市) Tongchuan (a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi, China)


商洛

/ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ lɔːk̚²/

/ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ⁵¹/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ lɔːk̚²/

(～市) Shangluo (a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi, China)


漢中

/xän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːn³³ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tiɔŋ³³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/xän⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːn³³ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tiɔŋ³³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɔŋ⁴⁴/

(～市) Hanzhong (a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi, China)


榆林

/jyː²¹ lɐm²¹/

/jyː²¹ lɐm²¹/

(～市) Yulin (a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi, China)


韓城

/xän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

/xän³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ sɪŋ²¹/

(～市) Hancheng (a county-level city in Weinan, Shaanxi, China)


Baoji

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 寶雞／宝鸡 (Bǎojī).

She had paid for a blood test herself because she was over 14 years old, the government cut-off for free tests, Xinhua said. Its reporters could not reach her family and neighbours said Ma had been sent to hospital in nearby Baoji city.

2009 August 17, “Protesters storm plant after children are poisoned”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2010-10-30, China:

We went to visit the sights, of which Paochi had a few. In fact, one of China’s oldest neolithic villages is inside the city: Peishouling, and it dates back 7,000 years.

[2016, Bill Porter, “Leaving Town”, in The Silk Road: Taking the Bus to Pakistan, Counterpoint, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 28:

A prefecture-level city in Shaanxi, China.


Shangluo

In 2008, BYD bought a high-grade silicon ore mine in Shangluo, in the western province of Shaangxi^([sic – meaning Shaanxi]), to extract solar-grade polysilicon.

2010 September 16, Daisy Ku, “China's BYD buys 18 pct stake in lithium miner”, in Jonathan Hopfner, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-08-12, Financials:

The man, surnamed Guo, and his wife had allegedly attacked four of their daughter’s roommates in a vocational college in the city of Shangluo, Shaanxi province, the day before,[…]

2016 September 16, Viola Zhou, “Chinese couple injured in parents’ confrontation after attacking daughter’s schoolmates”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-12-26, China:

商洛

prefecture-level city in northwest China


Yan'an

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 延安 (Yán'ān).

Upon receiving intelligence reports about the massing of enemy paratroopers, General Peng Dehuai posted a defence regiment at Yan'an airfield, and requested that Mao leave Yan'an as soon as possible.

1992, Yanchi (权延赤) Quan, “Mao Enjoys a Challenge”, in Wang Wenjiong, transl., edited by Gale Hadfield, 走下神坛的毛泽东 [Mao Zedong: Man, Not God], Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, published 1996, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 13:

On my last trip before completing this book, I visited Zizhou county, about 200 miles north of Yan’an, where peasants had tried to engage a lawyer to defend themselves in the courts against the oppressive and brutal control of local Party officials. Not much had changed here in the seventy years since Mao’s Long March and his ‘liberation’ of the peasants from their ‘cruel landlords’. Now, the peasants were afraid not of landlords but of the Party officials who prey on them just as the landlords once did.

2000, Jasper Becker, The Chinese, London: John Murray, published 2003, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 365:

I had planned to go to Zizhou, the county where Mr. Ma had organized the peasants. It was halfway between Yulin and Yan'an, which is where Mr. Ma lived.

2004, Ian Johnson, Wild Grass: Three Stories of Change in Modern China, New York: Pantheon Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 31:

A prominent example of such action took place in the villages in Zizhou County, a drought-prone area several hundred miles north of Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, Mao’s revolutionary base area.

2012, Merle Goldman, From Comrade to Citizen: the Struggle for Political Rights in China, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 212:

Both the Lvliang area investigated in this study and the Yan'an area are located in the Loess Hill Ravine Region, and the average thickness value of the individual landslides in Lvliang section is close to that in Yan'an.

2020, Xiangzhou Xu, Tongxin Zhu, Hongwu Zhang, Lu Gao, Experimental Erosion: Theory and Practice of Soil Conservation Experiments, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 79:

A wild leopard family has been captured by an infrared camera in a nature reserve in Yan'an, northwest China's Shaanxi Province.

2022 March 21, “Wild leopard family spotted in NW China's Shaanxi”, in huaxia, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2022-04-14:

Encyclopedia Britannica
West Yan'an Road station
Yan'an


Yulin

About twelve wersts and a half from Yulin, we arrived at the fort of Tcha tao, close to which there is an inn, where we found a great number of travellers assembled; some were preparing to proceed on their difficult road across the mountains, and others resting themselves after having accomplished this fatiguing journey.

1827, George Timkowski, Travels of the Russian Mission through Mongolia to China in the Years 1820-1821, volume I, London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, →OCLC, page 307:

Under the threat of sandstorms, the town of Yu-Lin had been "on the move" three times in the past. If one climbs up the rampart in the northeastern corner of the old town, one can see remnants of the Great Wall, standing amidst the vast yellow sands.

[1960 September 19 [1960 April 18], Ku-hsien Chiang, The Green Yu-Lin of Shensi Province - Communist China., United States Joint Publications Research Service, →OCLC, page 2:

The next morning I caught a taxi north of Yulin, where the Great Wall ran through the desert. Tourists rarely came to see the wall here, because it was unrestored and the northern Shaanxi roads were so bad.

2001, Peter Hessler, River Town: Two Years on the Yangtze, London: John Murray, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 190:

At the section of the Great Wall of China that runs through Yulin, tour guide Gao Jing says she tried to learn English in expectation of the increased number of overseas visitors the city planned to attract as part of its economic transformation.
But the international tourists haven't come to Yulin, once a coal, oil and natural gas boom town in the northwestern province of Shaanxi, and in their absence she has forgotten her English.

2016 August 22, Sue-Lin Wong, Beijing Newsroom, “Former China boom town learns hard lessons about service economy”, in Alex Richardson, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-12-01, Business:


Hanzhong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 漢中／汉中 (Hànzhōng).

The Xinhua state news agency said the attack occurred at 8 a.m. at a kindergarten in Nanzheng County of Hanzhong City.
Liu Xiaoming, deputy director of the propaganda department of Hanzhong City, confirmed the deaths and injuries.

2010 May 12, “7 Children Killed in School in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-05-16:

For Wang, the recent graduate, the CCP badge is essential. Raised in Hanzhong, a city of 3 million in Shaanxi province, by two civil servant parents, Wang applied to join the party in his first year at college. Uploading photos of himself dressed in dark suits with the bright red emblem of the party pinned to his lapel “gives people the feeling that you are mature and serious,” he said.

2022 August 15, Vic Chiang, Christian Shepherd, “In China, civil servant chic is the new look for straitened times”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-15, Asia:


Yanan

Il y a le tourisme rouge, qui vous entraîne sur les pas de Mao, comme à Yanan, dans le Shaanxi, l’ancien bastion révolutionnaire des communistes avant leur arrivée au pouvoir en 1949.

2013 August 1, Brice Pedroletti, “Comment les Chinois partent en vacances”, in Le Monde, archived from the original on 2013-08-05:

Alternative spelling of Yan’an (A prefecture-level city in Shaanxi, China)


Ankang

The Shensi Provincial Government has approved the plan of its Provincial Department of Reconstruction for the building of a highway to connect Sian city with Tsoshui, Chen-an and Ankang, in southeastern Shensi and another road from Shang-hsien past Ankang to link up with the Sian-Chingtsukwan and Hanyin-Paiho Highways. Survey work is to be started soon.

1934 August 11, The China Weekly Review, volume 69, number 11, →OCLC, page 432, column 2:

The Han Shui valley in the extreme south, with the subregional towns of Hanchung and Ankang, and the entire northern section of Shensi remain without rail transportation.

1972, Theodore Shabad, China's Changing Map, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 230:

Hornet attacks have been reported elsewhere in China as well. Last month, a swarm attacked a primary school in the Guangxi Autonomous Region in southern China, injuring 30 people, including 23 children. But the most serious attacks, according to the state-run news media, have taken place in rural areas near Ankang City, in the southeastern part of Shaanxi Province.

2013 October 3, “Giant Hornets Kill Dozens in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-10-06, Asia Pacific:


Weinan

Shuang-wang is situated on the rich loess of the Wei River valley near the city of Weinan in Shensi Province.

1977, Andrew Watson, Living in China, Totowa, NJ: Littlefield, Adams & Co., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 66:

When he assumed his duties as imperial agent, one of those who came to pay him a courtesy visit was Chao Chun-jui, the Moslem merchant from Weinan County in Shensi who had bought a large part of the jade sold by Kao P’u’s predecessor, Ma Hsing-a.

1977, Preston M. Torbert, The Chʻing Imperial Household Department: a Study of its Organization and Principal Functions, 1662-1796, Harvard University Press, →OCLC, page 146:

Weinan, in the western province of Shaanxi, has found a new way to encourage local districts to improve their performance on a series of development-related goals such as infrastructure projects and tax collection.

2014 October 24, Austin Ramzy, “In One Chinese City, Underperformers Also Share the Limelight”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-07-06, Sinosphere:

A throat swab on a 52-year-old man in Weinan, a city in northern Shaanxi province, showed negative result after the person showed symptoms such as coughing and appetite loss, a city official said on Wednesday, but he tested positive using nose and anal swabs.

2021 January 27, Roxanne Liu, Ryan Woo, “Chinese cities using anal swabs to screen COVID-19 infections”, in William Maclean, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-01-27, Healthcare & Pharma:


Tongchuan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 銅川／铜川 (Tóngchuān).

Shensi has abundant coal deposits distributed throughout the province, one of the largest being at T’ung-ch’uan.

[1973, Chiao-min Hsieh, “North China”, in Christopher L. Salter, editor, Atlas of China, McGraw-Hill, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 125, column 2:

The blast, one of the worst in China in decades, hit the Chenjiashan coal mine in Tongchuan in the northwestern province of Shaanxi just days after the pit had caught fire.

2006 October 29, “Briefly: 2 managers are jailed in blast that killed 166 - Asia - Pacific - International Herald Tribune”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-29, Asia Pacific:


Xianyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 咸陽 (Xiányáng).

The empire was divided into thirty-six ‘commanderies'. Each of these was controlled by a military and a civil governor, with an imperial inspector charged with overseeing them and reporting back to the Ch’in capital at Hsienyang.

[1998, Chris Peers, “Shih Huang-Ti — The Tiger of Ch'in”, in Warlords of China 700 BC to AD 1662, Arms and Armour Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 62:

Far less known, but almost as impressive, was Meng T’ien’s construction of a superhighway connecting the Chinese capital of Hsienyang (just across the Wei River from Ch’ang-an) with the newer sections of the Great Wall in Inner Mongolia.

[2016, Bill Porter, “Onward [往前]”, in The Silk Road: Taking the Bus to Pakistan, Counterpoint, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 72:

Weeks after her release, a court would seize her two-bedroom apartment in Xianyang in Shaanxi Province and her Toyota Camry because she was insolvent, and put her on a national blacklist. She can no longer book a hotel room or a plane ticket, or take out a loan.

2023 August 29, Li Yuan, “She Rose From Poverty as China Prospered. Then It Made Her Poor Again.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-29, China's Economy:


Huayin

Mistress Yang was born in 718 in the little town of Huayin in the province of Shensi,² through which the modern Lunghai railway runs on its way from Ch'angan to the sea.

1956, Bernard Llewellyn, “The Queen of Concubines Yang Kuei-fei”, in China's Courts and Concubines, London: George Allen & Unwin, →OCLC, page 92:

I visited Hua Shan in the summer of 1935. It was an easy place to reach because the train to Sian stopped conveniently at a little place called Hua Yin, which means ‘under the shadow of Hua Shan’. The Hua Shan massif did indeed dominate Hua Yin.

1987, Hedda Morrison, Travels of a Photographer in China, 1933-1946, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 52, 244:

HUAYIN IS THE TOWN at the base of the holy mountain of Huashan.

1988, Michael Buckley, Cycling to Xian and other excursions, Crazyhorse Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 112:

The place where Huashan’s Taoist caretaker gave Yao this advice is known as Huafeng. It’s about three kilometers east of the present county seat of Huayin. Unfortunately, the last artifacts of the former sacrificial center were destroyed in 1958 during Mao’s Great Leap Forward, and the site is now better known for the neolithic remains discovered there since then. Two other shrines have also disappeared. One built at the beginning of the Chou dynasty south of Huayin has become Huashan High School.

1993, Bill Porter, Road to Heaven, San Francisco: Mercury House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, pages 61–62:

But, the 4 billion yuan project was a failure and instead intensified flooding in Huayin, a county-level city under Weinan, where the Wei River - a tributary of the Yellow River - flowed backwards because its river bed was raised by more than 5 metres. In the 1960s, the central government scaled back the project.

2006 October 2, “Mao's ill-conceived dam still a curse for villagers”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-05-15, Latest:

Police in Huayin in the northwestern province of Shaanxi made the “criminal detentions” earlier this month, suspecting the three of “inciting to subvert state power”, Ruan Xiuqin, wife of Chen Sizhong, one of the farmers, told Reuters by telephone.

2007 December 24, Shipeng Guo, Benjamin Kang Lim, “China detains farmers urging land privatization”, in Lindsay Beck, Roger Crabb, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-03-11, World News:

A county-level city in Weinan, Shaanxi, China.


Shenmu

In Shenmu County, Shensi Province in the north-western part of China, a medical school for barefoot doctors offers a two year programme.

1972, Paul G. Pickowicz, “Barefoot Doctors in China: People, Politics, and Paramedicine”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XI, number 5, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 34, column 1:

Two tao with three and five perforations, respectively, made of black jade, were found at the site of Shih-mao in Shensi, Yü-lin District, Shen-mu County. Their total lengths are 49 and 55 centimeters.⁴⁷

[1986, Hsia Nai, “The Classification, Nomenclature, and Usage of Shang Dynasty Jades”, in K. C. Chang, editor, Studies of Shang Archaeology: Selected Papers from the International Conference on Shang Civilization, Yale University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 228:

By the 20th century, the Ming wall was simply known as the ‘old frontier’ (lǎobiān). For instance, when Frederick Clapp of the Geographical Review reached the Ming wall at Shenmu, Shaanxi, in 1920, he wrote in his article of the trip that 'the natives said: “This is not the ‘Great Wall’; this is the ‘First Frontier Wall’, built only 400 years ago; the ‘Great Wall’ is further north.”'

2006 May, Thammy (谭美) Evans, Great Wall of China: Beijing & Northern China (Bradt Travel Guides), 1st edition (Travel), Globe Pequot Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 10:

Shenmu, and nearby cities like Ordos and Fugu, are at the leading edge of broader troubles that are beginning to afflict the entire Chinese economy. Across China, growth has slowed. With the slowdown have come rising defaults on loans made outside the conventional banking system, chronic overcapacity in many industries like coal mining and steel production and, in particularly troubled cities like Shenmu, a sharp decline in previously debt-fueled prices for real estate and other assets.

2013 August 15, Keith Bradsher, “Easy Credit Dries Up, Choking Growth in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-08-16, Global Business:

A county-level city in Yulin, Shaanxi, China.


Zichang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 子長／子长 (Zǐcháng, literally “Zichang, name of 謝子長 (Xie Zichang)”).

bor

By 1940 Hsu was identified as a deputy director of the Party Central Committee's Propaganda Department, a post he was to hold for about two decades. From late in the next year until 1946, he also served as a representative from An-ting (now Tzu-ch’ang) hsien, located north of Yenan, in the Second Assembly of the Shensi-Kansu-Ninghsia Border Region Government.

[1971, Donald W. Klein, Anne B. Clark, “Hsu T’e-li”, in Biographic Dictionary of Chinese Communism 1921-1965 (Harvard East Asian Series), volume I, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 364, column 2:

'Continuing our tour, we arrived at night at Tzuchang, north of Yenan in Shensi province. Before turning in we had a look around. It was bright moonlight and all around the sides of the valley flames of charcoal-burning and iron-smelting leaped up.

[1976, Wilfred Burchett, “In Case of War”, in China: The Quality of Life, Penguin Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 166:

Zichang county lies between Yan'an and the Great Wall; it is open range country with plenty of land but few people.

1985, Frank Leeming, Rural China Today, Longman, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 401:

Wayaobao Revolutionary Sites in Zichang County include more than 20 cave houses, the site of the Wayaobao meeting, and living spaces of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Liu Shaoqi.

2008, Chen Xuejian, editor, Travel Around China, HarperCollins, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 316:

A county-level city in Yan'an, Shaanxi, China, formerly a county.


Binzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 彬州.

A county-level city in Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.


Hancheng

From the Mandarin 韓城／韩城 (Hánchéng), from the earlier march of 韓國／韩国 (Hánguó) in the area, from 韓／韩 (hán, “puteal”).

To hasten the conclusion of the Communist-suppression campaign by checking the retreat of the Red remnants from Shansi back to Shensi, General Yang Hu-cheng, Pacification Commissioner for Shensi, has established a provisional headquarters at Hancheng on the Shensi-Shansi border about 70 kilometers south of Yichuen[.]

1936 May 2, “Two Shansi Cities are Cleared of Reds”, in The China Weekly Review, volume 76, number 9, →OCLC, page 298, column 1:

All the miners in the shaft died when an underground cable caught fire on Saturday night at the Xiaonangou coal mine in Hancheng City, the report said, citing the general office of the Shaanxi provincial government.

2010 July 18, Ken Wills, “China coal mine accident kills 28”, in Jonathan Thatcher, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-27, World News:

The ministry also criticised Hancheng, in northern Shaanxi province, after 190 million yuan was spent on building hills and waterfalls.

2019 January 23, Alice Yan, “Act of folly: One of China’s poorest counties under fire after spending US$9 million on dynastic-style city gates”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-01-23, People & Culture:


Xingping

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 興平／兴平 (Xīngpíng).

Very little is known about Ma Chun's early life. He was born in a poor family in what is today Hsingping county in Shansi^([sic – meaning Shensi]) province.

[1973, John Gittings, “How the Dragon's Backbone was Invented”, in A Chinese View of China, 1st American edition, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 32:

A recent discovery is a bronze vessel with an inlaid gold ornament, excavated at Tou-ma-ts’un, Hsing-p’ing County, Shensi Province. It dates from the Late Eastern Chou period.

[1973, Jan Fontein, Tung Wu, “Chou Bronzes”, in Unearthing China's Past, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 54, column 3:

On Saturday, rain and hail struck the Shaanxi counties of Suide and Xingping, killing two people and damaging about 7,000 hectares of farmland. Economic losses were calculated at more than 16.5 million yuan.

2004 July 18, “Flooding swamps many provinces, and more to come”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-06-14:

Maoling is located in Xingping City, Shaanxi Province, and is the tomb of the Han Emperor Wudi (also known as Liu Che).

2011, Li Xianyao, Luo Zhewen, China's Museums, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 120:


Xunyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 旬陽／旬阳.

In (Chialu) commune, Hsunyang County, the summer grain procurement quota has been overfulfilled. In addition, 66 production teams in the commune have put grain aside for reserves.

[1971 July 15 [1971 July 13], “Shensi Peasants Fulfill Farm Procurement Quotas”, in Daily Report: Communist China, volume I, number 136, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Sian Shensi Provincial Service, translation of original in Mandarin, →OCLC, Communist China: Northwest Region, page H 4:

Minghsing Brigade of Changsha Commune in Hsunyang County, Shensi Province, has encouraged amateur literary and art activities for about a decade.

[1973, “New Upsurge of Mass Literature and Art”, in Chinese Literature, number 7, Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 104:

Local authorities sometimes are brutal in their efforts to crush the underground Christian church in peasant areas. In March 1993, for example, police attacked a religious meeting in Taoyuan village in Shaanxi Province’s Xunyang County.

1994, Nicholas D. Kristof, Sheryl WuDunn, China Wakes: The Struggle for the Soul of a Rising Power, Nicholas Brealey Publishing, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 475:

Streets and buildings were submerged by floodwaters in Xunyang in northwestern China on September 28, 2021, after heavy torrential rains lashed the area in Shaanxi province. Firefighters and army troops have been helping as more than 7,000 people were forced to evacuate. Xunyang is home to about 450,000 residents.

2021 September 29, Carol Mang, “More than 7,000 people forced to flee floods in city of Xunyang in northwestern China”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2021-09-30:

A county-level city in Ankang, Shaanxi, China, formerly a county.


子長

→ English: Zichang

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

/t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡siː³⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/

Named after Chinese 謝子長 (Xie Zichang) (1897-1935) in 1942.

(～市) Zichang (a county-level city in Yan'an, Shaanxi, China)


시안

(city formerly known as Chang'an) Xi'an (the capital of Shaanxi, China)


Jingzhao

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 京兆 (Jīngzhào).

(historical) Former name of Xi'an, The capital of Shaanxi Province, China, under the Yuan Dynasty.


Tây An

[təj˧˧ ʔaːn˧˧]

[təj˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧]

[təj˧˧ ʔaːŋ˧˧]