pound

en-noun

pound (plural pounds or (UK colloquial) pound)

pounds (plural)
pound (UK colloquial plural)

From Middle English pound, from Old English pund (“a pound, weight”), from Proto-West Germanic *pund, from Proto-Germanic *pundą (“pound, weight”), an early borrowing from Latin pondō (“by weight”), ablative form of pondus (“weight”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to pull, stretch”).
Cognate with Dutch pond, German Pfund, Danish pund and Swedish pund. Doublet of funt, pfund, pood, and punt.

der

an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure

an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure

take care of the pennies and the pounds will take care of themselves

"Only a hundred and ninety-three pound," said Mr. Tulliver. "You've brought less o' late; but young fellows like to have their own way with their money. Though I didn't do as I liked before I was of age." He spoke with rather timid discontent.

1860, George Eliot, chapter 6, in The Mill on the Floss, book 5:

For students in developing countries who can't get it any other way, or for students in the first world, who can but may choose not to. Pay thousands of pounds a year for your education? Or get it free online?

2012 November 11, Carole Cadwalladr, “Do online courses spell the end for the traditional university?”, in Observer:

A unit of currency in various currency systems.

The unit of currency used in the United Kingdom and its dependencies. It is divided into 100 pence. Symbol £.


pie

Inherited from Old Spanish pie, from Latin pedem.
Cognate with Asturian pie, Galician and Portuguese pé, and Catalan peu. As an English unit, a calque of English foot.

(historical, measure) pie, a Spanish foot (a former unit of length equivalent to about 27.9 cm)

(design, typography) footer (the bottom of a page or design)


Irish

From Middle English Irish (12th c.), from Old English *Īrisċ, from Old English Īras (“Irishmen”), from Old Norse Írar, from Old Irish Ériu (modern Irish Éire (“Ireland”)), further origin heavily debated but probably from Proto-Celtic *Φīweriyū (“fat land, fertile”), from Proto-Indo-European *péyh₂wr̥ (“fat, swelling”), from *peyh₂- (“to swell; to be fat”), akin to Ancient Greek πίειρα (píeira, “fertile land”), Sanskrit पीवरी (pīvarī, “fat”).

cog

Irish is the first official and national language of Ireland.

(uncountable) The Gaelic language indigenous to Ireland, also known as Irish Gaelic.


Irish

From English Irish, from Middle English Irisce, from Old English Īras (“Irishmen”), from Old Norse Írar, from Old Irish Ériu (modern Éire (“Ireland”)), from Proto-Celtic *Īwerjū (“fat land, fertile”), from Proto-Indo-European *pi-wer- (“fertile”), from *peyH- (literally “fat”).

der

the Goidelic language indigenous to Ireland, also known as Irish Gaelic


euro

Internationalism; compare English euro, French euro, German Euro.

euro (currency unit of the European Monetary Union; symbol: €)


United Kingdom

the United Kingdom (canonical)
UK (alternative)
U.K. (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *éy?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos
Proto-Italic *oinos
Old Latin oinos
Latin ūnus
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Latin -iō
Latin ūniō
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Italic *-tos
Latin -tus
Latin ūnītuslbor.
Middle English uniten
English unite
Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz
Old English -od
Middle English -ed
English -ed
English united
Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz
Proto-West Germanic *kuningadōm
Old English cyningdōm
Middle English kingdom
English kingdom
English United Kingdom
From united + kingdom, first attested from 1706.

Британиешхо Пачъыхьыгъо

sovereign state in Europe — see also Great Britain

यूनाइटेड किंगडम

yūnāiṭēḍ kiṅgᵊḍam

Spojene kraljovstvo Velykoj Britaniji i Severnoho Irʹska

Споєне кралёвство Великой Брітанії і Северного Ірьска

大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國 /大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国

Dà-Bùlièdiān jí Běi-Ài'ěrlán Liánhé Wángguó

Forenede Kongerige

but it is more often to be referred as Storbritannien (“Great Britain”)

Suurbritannia ja Põhja-Iiri Ühendkuningriik

Nagy-Britannia és Észak-Írország Egyesült Királysága

Kerajaan Bersatu

but it is more often to be referred as Britania Raya (“Great Britain”)

Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda del Nord

グレートブリテン及び北アイルランド連合王国

Gurēto Buriten oyobi Kita Airurando rengō ōkoku

Ūlybritaniä jäne Soltüstık İrlandiä Bırıkken Koroldıgı

Ұлыбритания және Солтүстік Ирландия Біріккен Корольдігі

Lielbritānijas un Ziemeļīrijas Apvienotā Karaliste

യുണൈറ്റഡ് കിങ്ഡം

yuṇaiṟṟaḍŭ kiṅḍaṁ

Ir-Renju Unit tal-Gran Brittanja u l-Irlanda ta’ Fuq

Det forente kongerike Storbritannia og Nord-Irland

Det sameinte kongeriket Storbritannia og Nord-Irland

da sathre bareethanye aw shamalai ieralaend mathhd salathnth

د سترې بریتانيې او شمالي ايرلينډ متحد سلطنت

Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și Irlandei de Nord

Sojedinjónnoje Korolévstvo Velikobritánii i Sévernoj Irlándii

Соединённое Короле́вство Великобрита́нии и Се́верной Ирла́ндии

Rìoghachd Aonaichte na Breatainn Mhòr agus Eirinn a Tuath

Уједињено Краљевство Велике Британије и Сјеверне Ирске

Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo Velike Britanije i Sjeverne Irske

Regnu Unitu dâ Britagna Granni e di l'Irlanna dû Norti

Zjydnoczůne Krůlestwo Wjelgij Brytańije i Irlandyje Půłnocny n (literal translation of the full name)

Spojené kráľovstvo Veľkej Británie a Severného Írska

büyük britaniye we shimaliy irlandiye birleshme padishahliqi

بۈيۈك برىتانىيە ۋە شىمالىي ئىرلاندىيە بىرلەشمە پادىشاھلىقى

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

(historical) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922).


ROI

(imaging) Initialism of region of interest (in digital images, microscopy: in 3-dim-specimen reconstructions by consecutive sectioning).

region of interest

(military, espionage) Initialism of region of interest.

(engineering) Initialism of radius of influence.


ROI

Republic of Ireland
Republic of Ireland#English


Ireland

en-proper noun

Ireland (usually uncountable, plural Irelands)

→ Japanese: アイルランド (Airurando)

From Middle English Ireland, Irelond, Irlond, Irland, from Old English Īrland. Perhaps also from Middle Irish Éire + -land. Ultimately from Old Irish Ériu (“Ireland”). See Irish.

inh

The crux of Northern Ireland’s post-Brexit issue lies in the fact it is a British territory on the island of Ireland, meaning it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland, an EU member.

2023 February 28, “UK’s Sunak in Northern Ireland after landing new Brexit trade deal”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2023-03-01:

A hamlet in Southill parish, Central Bedfordshire, Bedfordshire, England (OS grid ref TL1341).

Central Bedfordshire
Central Bedfordshire#English

A community of Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Antigonish County
Antigonish County#English

An unincorporated community in Madison Township, Dubois County, Indiana, United States.

An unincorporated community in Lewis County, West Virginia, United States.


angla

eo-head

angla (accusative singular anglan, plural anglaj, accusative plural anglajn)

anglan (accusative singular)
anglaj (plural)
anglajn (accusative plural)

elangligi

to translate from English into Esperanto

English (of or pertaining to England, the English people, or the English language)

(la angla) Clipping of la angla lingvo (“the English language”)


Anguilla

Borrowed from Latin anguilla (“eel”), from an uncertain Romance language original. The name of the island refers to its elongated shape.

In the late 1990s, the tiny Caribbean nation of Anguilla was home to an interesting cluster of expatriates. With its nonexistent taxes and incredible beaches, it was the perfect place for self-employed computer geeks to develop projects during the dot-com boom.

2020, Dylan Taylor-Lehman, Sealand: The True Story of the World's Most Stubborn Micronation, Icon Books, →ISBN:

With companies wanting internet addresses that communicate they are at the forefront of the A.I. boom — like Elon Musk’s X.ai website for his artificial intelligence company — Anguilla has recently received a huge influx in requests for domain names.

2024 March 22, Emma Bubola, “The A.I. Boom Makes Millions for an Unlikely Industry Player: Anguilla”, in The New York Times:

An archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, in the Caribbean Sea.

أَنْغِيلَا

British overseas territory in the Caribbean


Anguilla

cs-proper noun

Anguilla f (relational adjective anguillský)

anguillský (adjective relational)
Anguilla (nominative singular)
Anguilly (genitive singular)
Anguille (dative singular)
Anguillu (accusative singular)
Anguillo (singular vocative)
Anguille (locative singular)
Anguillou (instrumental singular)

Borrowed from Latin anguilla (“eel”), from an uncertain Romance language original.

Anguilla (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, in the Caribbean Sea)


Anguilla

(Jersey) Anguilla (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, in the Caribbean Sea)


Anguilla

Alternative form of Anguila; Anguilla (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, in the Caribbean Sea)


Wales

en-prop

Wales (countable and uncountable, plural Waleses)

wails (whales in accents with wine-whine merger)

From Middle English Wales, from Old English Wēalas, plural of wealh (“Celt, Welsh person”), from Proto-West Germanic *walh, from Proto-Germanic *walhaz (“Celt, Roman”). Compare the second element in Cornwall, and also Gaul.

Meronyms: North Wales, South Wales; see also Category:Places in Wales

Reassured and pleased with the railway, the Queen returned from Paddington to Slough on June 23, bringing with her the infant Prince of Wales, afterwards King Edward VII.

1953 June 7, “Royal Railway Journeys”, in Railway Magazine, page 364:

constituent countries
constituent country

One of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom, formerly a principality.


Wales

cs-proper noun

Wales m inan (relational adjective waleský or velšský)

waleský (adjective relational)
velšský (adjective relational)
Wales (nominative singular)
Walesu (genitive singular)
Walesu (dative singular)
Wales (accusative singular)
Walese (singular vocative)
Walesu (locative singular)
Walesem (instrumental singular)

Wales (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Wales

head

Wales (genitive Walesi, partitive Walesi)

Walesi (genitive)
Walesi (partitive)
Wales (nominative singular)
Wales (accusative nominative singular)
Walesi (accusative genitive singular)
Walesi (genitive singular)
Walesi (partitive singular)
Walesi (illative singular)
Walesisse (illative singular)
Walesis (inessive singular)
Walesist (elative singular)
Walesile (allative singular)
Walesil (adessive singular)
Walesilt (ablative singular)
Walesiks (singular translative)
Walesini (singular terminative)
Walesina (essive singular)
Walesita (abessive singular)
Walesiga (comitative singular)

Wales (a country in northwestern Europe, a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Wales

Wales (nominative singular)
Wales (accusative nominative singular)
Walesin (accusative genitive singular)
Walesin (genitive singular)
Walesia (partitive singular)
Walesissa (inessive singular)
Walesista (elative singular)
Walesiin (illative singular)
Walesilla (adessive singular)
Walesilta (ablative singular)
Walesille (allative singular)
Walesina (essive singular)
Walesiksi (singular translative)
Walesitta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Walesini (nominative singular)
Walesini (accusative nominative singular)
Walesini (accusative genitive singular)
Walesini (genitive singular)
Walesiani (partitive singular)
Walesissani (inessive singular)
Walesistani (elative singular)
Walesiini (illative singular)
Walesillani (adessive singular)
Walesiltani (ablative singular)
Walesilleni (allative singular)
Walesinani (essive singular)
Walesikseni (singular translative)
Walesittani (abessive singular)
Walesisi (nominative singular)
Walesisi (accusative nominative singular)
Walesisi (accusative genitive singular)
Walesisi (genitive singular)
Walesiasi (partitive singular)
Walesissasi (inessive singular)
Walesistasi (elative singular)
Walesiisi (illative singular)
Walesillasi (adessive singular)
Walesiltasi (ablative singular)
Walesillesi (allative singular)
Walesinasi (essive singular)
Walesiksesi (singular translative)
Walesittasi (abessive singular)
Walesimme (nominative singular)
Walesimme (accusative nominative singular)
Walesimme (accusative genitive singular)
Walesimme (genitive singular)
Walesiamme (partitive singular)
Walesissamme (inessive singular)
Walesistamme (elative singular)
Walesiimme (illative singular)
Walesillamme (adessive singular)
Walesiltamme (ablative singular)
Walesillemme (allative singular)
Walesinamme (essive singular)
Walesiksemme (singular translative)
Walesittamme (abessive singular)
Walesinne (nominative singular)
Walesinne (accusative nominative singular)
Walesinne (accusative genitive singular)
Walesinne (genitive singular)
Walesianne (partitive singular)
Walesissanne (inessive singular)
Walesistanne (elative singular)
Walesiinne (illative singular)
Walesillanne (adessive singular)
Walesiltanne (ablative singular)
Walesillenne (allative singular)
Walesinanne (essive singular)
Walesiksenne (singular translative)
Walesittanne (abessive singular)
Walesinsa (nominative singular)
Walesinsa (accusative nominative singular)
Walesinsa (accusative genitive singular)
Walesinsa (genitive singular)
Walesiaan (partitive singular)
Walesiansa (partitive singular)
Walesissaan (inessive singular)
Walesissansa (inessive singular)
Walesistaan (elative singular)
Walesistansa (elative singular)
Walesiinsa (illative singular)
Walesillaan (adessive singular)
Walesillansa (adessive singular)
Walesiltaan (ablative singular)
Walesiltansa (ablative singular)
Walesilleen (allative singular)
Walesillensa (allative singular)
Walesinaan (essive singular)
Walesinansa (essive singular)
Walesikseen (singular translative)
Walesiksensa (singular translative)
Walesittaan (abessive singular)
Walesittansa (abessive singular)
Wales (nominative singular)
Wales (accusative nominative singular)
Walesin (accusative genitive singular)
Walesin (genitive singular)
Walesiä (partitive singular)
Walesissä (inessive singular)
Walesistä (elative singular)
Walesiin (illative singular)
Walesillä (adessive singular)
Walesiltä (ablative singular)
Walesille (allative singular)
Walesinä (essive singular)
Walesiksi (singular translative)
Walesittä (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Walesini (nominative singular)
Walesini (accusative nominative singular)
Walesini (accusative genitive singular)
Walesini (genitive singular)
Walesiäni (partitive singular)
Walesissäni (inessive singular)
Walesistäni (elative singular)
Walesiini (illative singular)
Walesilläni (adessive singular)
Walesiltäni (ablative singular)
Walesilleni (allative singular)
Walesinäni (essive singular)
Walesikseni (singular translative)
Walesittäni (abessive singular)
Walesisi (nominative singular)
Walesisi (accusative nominative singular)
Walesisi (accusative genitive singular)
Walesisi (genitive singular)
Walesiäsi (partitive singular)
Walesissäsi (inessive singular)
Walesistäsi (elative singular)
Walesiisi (illative singular)
Walesilläsi (adessive singular)
Walesiltäsi (ablative singular)
Walesillesi (allative singular)
Walesinäsi (essive singular)
Walesiksesi (singular translative)
Walesittäsi (abessive singular)
Walesimme (nominative singular)
Walesimme (accusative nominative singular)
Walesimme (accusative genitive singular)
Walesimme (genitive singular)
Walesiämme (partitive singular)
Walesissämme (inessive singular)
Walesistämme (elative singular)
Walesiimme (illative singular)
Walesillämme (adessive singular)
Walesiltämme (ablative singular)
Walesillemme (allative singular)
Walesinämme (essive singular)
Walesiksemme (singular translative)
Walesittämme (abessive singular)
Walesinne (nominative singular)
Walesinne (accusative nominative singular)
Walesinne (accusative genitive singular)
Walesinne (genitive singular)
Walesiänne (partitive singular)
Walesissänne (inessive singular)
Walesistänne (elative singular)
Walesiinne (illative singular)
Walesillänne (adessive singular)
Walesiltänne (ablative singular)
Walesillenne (allative singular)
Walesinänne (essive singular)
Walesiksenne (singular translative)
Walesittänne (abessive singular)
Walesinsä (nominative singular)
Walesinsä (accusative nominative singular)
Walesinsä (accusative genitive singular)
Walesinsä (genitive singular)
Walesiään (partitive singular)
Walesiänsä (partitive singular)
Walesissään (inessive singular)
Walesissänsä (inessive singular)
Walesistään (elative singular)
Walesistänsä (elative singular)
Walesiinsä (illative singular)
Walesillään (adessive singular)
Walesillänsä (adessive singular)
Walesiltään (ablative singular)
Walesiltänsä (ablative singular)
Walesilleen (allative singular)
Walesillensä (allative singular)
Walesinään (essive singular)
Walesinänsä (essive singular)
Walesikseen (singular translative)
Walesiksensä (singular translative)
Walesittään (abessive singular)
Walesittänsä (abessive singular)


Wales

de-proper noun

Wales n (proper noun, genitive Wales' or (with an article) Wales)


Wales

Wales (nominative singular)
Walest (accusative singular)
Walesnek (dative singular)
Walesszel (instrumental singular)
Walesért (causal-final singular)
Walesszé (singular translative)
Walesig (singular terminative)
Walesként (essive-formal singular)
Walesben (inessive singular)
Walesen (singular superessive)
Walesnél (adessive singular)
Walesbe (illative singular)
Walesre (singular sublative)
Waleshez (allative singular)
Walesből (elative singular)
Walesről (delative singular)
Walestől (ablative singular)
Walesé (singular)
Waleséi (singular)
Walesem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Walesed (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Walese (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Walesünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Walesetek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Walesük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)


Wales

English: Wales

Scots: Wales

From Old English Wēalas, plural of wealh; equivalent to wale (“outsider”) + -es.

Walis (alternative)
Walys (alternative)
Walez (alternative)

Wales (constituent part of the United Kingdom)


Wales

sk-proper noun

Wales m inan (genitive singular Walesu, declension pattern of dub)

Walesu (genitive singular)
dub (declension-pattern-of)


Saint Helena

Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha#English

An island of volcanic origin in the South Atlantic Ocean, and an overseas territory of the United Kingdom. Official name: Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. Formerly named Saint Helena and Dependencies.


British Virgin Islands

LL-Q1860 (eng)-PerfectSoundWhatever-British Virgin Islands.wav

An archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean.

اَلْجُزُر اَلْعَذْرَاء اَلْبِرِيطَانِيَّة


Bermuda

Named after Juan de Bermúdez (1450–c. 1520), Spanish navigator. See Bermúdez.

named-after

Sir Thomas Gates was appointed Lieutenant Generall ; Sir George Sommers Admirall of Virginia and were ſent to reſide there as Gouernours of the Colonie. But the Sea Venture, wherein the two Knights, and Captaine Newport, with a hundred and fiftie perſons ſayled, after long conflict with the two angrie Elements, was ſent to be impriſoned in Bermuda, where betweene two Rocks the Ship ſplit, the people eſcaping to Land.

1613, Samuel Purchas, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes, volume I, London, →OCLC, page 632:

An archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean, 580 nautical miles (1074 kilometers) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.


Bermuda

de-proper noun

Bermuda n (proper noun, genitive Bermudas or (optionally with an article) Bermuda)

Bermudas (genitive)
Bermuda (genitive with-article)
Bermuda (nominative singular)
Bermudas (genitive singular)
Bermuda (dative singular)
Bermuda (accusative singular)

Bermuda (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean)


Bermuda

la-proper noun

Bermūda f sg (genitive Bermūdae); first declension

Bermūda (canonical feminine singular)
Bermūdae (genitive)
Bermūda (nominative singular)
Bermūdae (genitive singular)
Bermūdae (dative singular)
Bermūdam (accusative singular)
Bermūdā (ablative singular)
Bermūda (singular vocative)
Bermūdae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Bermuda (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean)


Bermuda

Named after Juan de Bermúdez (1450–c. 1520), Spanish navigator, via English Bermuda.

Bermiwda (alternative)
Bermwda (alternative)


Montserrat

From Catalan Montserrat. The island was named after the Virgin of Montserrat.

An island and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean. Official name: Montserrat.


Montserrat

Montserrat (an island and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean)


Montserrat

Borrowed from Catalan Montserrat, from mont (“hill”) + serrat (“jagged”).


Falkland Islands

the Falkland Islands (canonical plural singular)
Falkland Island (alternative)

Name taken from the Falkland Sound, which was named for Viscount Falkland by John Strong, who landed on the islands in 1690.

An archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, located in the South Atlantic.

جُزُر فُوكْلَانْد

overseas territory of the UK in the South Atlantic


Cayman Islands

the Cayman Islands (canonical)
Caiman Islands (alternative)

From Spanish Caymanes, variant of earlier Spanish Lagartos in reference to the early prevalence of marine and freshwater crocodiles on the islands. Spanish caimán and Portuguese caimão are of uncertain etymology, being variously attributed to Taíno kaimán, Kari'na acayouman, and Kongo.

Three islands in the Caribbean Sea constituting an overseas territory of the United Kingdom.


England

en-proper noun

England (usually uncountable, plural Englands)

England
Wales and Berwick Act 1746
Welsh Language Act 1967

desc

→ Bengali: ইংল্যান্ড (iṅlênḍ)

→ Bengali: ইংল্যান্ড (iṅlênḍ)

→ Burmese: အင်္ဂလန် (angga.lan)

→ Chichewa: Mángalande

→ Chinese: 英格蘭 /英格兰 (Yīnggélán)

→ Hawaiian: ʻEnelani

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: इंग्लैंड (iṅglaiṇḍ)

اِن٘گْلَینْڈ

Urdu: اِن٘گْلَینْڈ (iṅglainḍ)

Urdu: اِن٘گْلَینْڈ (iṅglainḍ)

→ Japanese: イングランド (Ingurando)

→ Korean: 잉글랜드 (inggeullaendeu)

→ Lao: ອັງກິດ (ʼang kit)

→ Maori: Ingarangi

→ Malay:

Arabic script: ايڠلند

Latin script: England

→ Marshallese: In̄len

desctree

→ Spanish: Inglaterra (calque)
→ Classical Nahuatl: Inglatera
→ Tagalog: Inglatera

→? Swedish: England
→ Finnish: Englanti

→ Tamil: இங்கிலாந்து (iṅkilāntu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *angliz
Old English Engle
Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-om
Proto-Germanic *landą
Proto-West Germanic *land
Old English land
Old English Engla land
Middle English Engelond
English England
From Middle English Engelond, England, from Old English Engla land (literally “land of the Angles”), from genitive of Engle (“the Angles”) + land (“land”).

inh

Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland

We thoroughly enjoyed our vacation in Britain. We visited England, Wales, and Scotland.

Just close your eyes and think of England.

Gaunt ...This royall throne of Kings, this sceptred Ile,
This earth of maiesty, this seate of Mars,
This other Eden, demy Paradice,
This fortresse built by Nature for her selfe,
Against infection and the hand of warre,
This happy breede of men, this little world,
This precious stone set in the siluer sea,
Which serues it in the office of a wall,
Or as moate defensiue to a house,
Against the enuie of lesse happier lands.
This blessed plot, this earth, this realme, this England...
Is now leasde out...
That England that was wont to conquer others,
Hath made a shamefull conquest
of it selfe...

1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

And did those feet in ancient time
Walk upon England’s mountains green?
And was the holy Lamb of God
On England’s pleasant pastures seen?...
I will not cease from Mental Fight,
Nor shall my Sword sleep in my hand,
Till we have built Jerusalem
In England’s green & pleasant Land.

1804, William Blake, Milton, Vol. I, Preface:

What is England? She is Elizabeth... To live alone, to go alone, to reign alone, to be alone,—such is Elizabeth, such is England...
England has two books: one which she has made, the other which has made her,—Shakespeare and the Bible. These two books do not agree together... Shakespeare thinks, Shakespeare dreams, Shakespeare doubts... Moreover, Shakespeare invents.

1864, Victor Hugo, chapter 6, in Amédée Baillot, transl., William Shakespeare:

England is not the jewelled isle of Shakespeare's much-quoted passage, nor is it the inferno depicted by Dr Goebbels. More than either it resembles a family, a rather stuffy Victorian family, with not many black sheep but with all its cupboards bursting with skeletons. It has rich relations who have to be kow-towed to and poor relations who are horribly sat upon, and there is a deep conspiracy of silence about the source of the family income.

1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn, Pt. I:

England is like some stricken beast too stupid to know it is dead. Ingloriously foundering in its own waste products, the backlash and bad karma of empire.

1983, William S. Burroughs, The Place of Dead Roads, page 203:

"This is England," he explained. "Tell someone it's a procedure, and they'll believe you. The pointless procedure is one of our great natural resources."

2012, Maureen Johnson, The Madness Underneath:

Had they responded this way in France or America, this wouldn't have surprised me, but wasn't everyone in England supposed to be a detective? Wasn't every crime, no matter how complex, solved in a timely fashion by either a professional or a hobbyist? That's the impression you get from British books and TV shows.

2013 March 25, David Sedaris, "Long Way Home" in The New Yorker

The largest and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom; established in southern Britain by Aethelstan of Wessex in 927.

en:territory of Angles, Anglo-Saxons, or English people at any given time in history

(historical) The territory of the Angles and (later) Anglo-Saxons in Britain at any given time before the founding of the Kingdom of England, or the territory of the English people at any given time, in either the Kingdom of England or the United Kingdom.

England expects that every man will do his duty.

There is a very near analogy between the position of the President of the United States and that of the Prime Minister of England, and both are paid at much the same rate — the income of a second-class professional man.

1882, T. E. Kebbel, Selected Speeches of the Late Right Hon. the Earl of Beaconsfield, volume 2, page 495:

Another twenty years along the present line of development, and India will be a peasant republic linked with England only by voluntary alliance.

1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn:

The partition of Czechoslovakia under pressure from England and France amounts to the complete surrender of the Western Democracies to the Nazi threat of force.

1948, Winston S. Churchill, The Gathering Storm, page 303:

(dated, sometimes proscribed) Synonym of Great Britain or United Kingdom.

Англызтәыла

Kingdom in southeastern Britain, now part of the UK

(US) A city in Lonoke County, Arkansas, United States.


England

(informal, somewhat dated) United Kingdom (a country in Western Europe)


England

de-proper noun

England n (proper noun, genitive Englands or (optionally with an article) England)

Englands (genitive)
England (genitive with-article)

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)

(somewhat informal) United Kingdom (a country in Western Europe)


England

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *angliz
Old English Engle
Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-om
Proto-Germanic *landą
Proto-West Germanic *land
Old English land
Old English Engla land
Middle English Engelondbor.
Middle High German Engellant
Hunsrik England
From Middle High German Engellant, borrowed from Middle English Engelond, from Old English Engla land.
Cognate with German, Luxembourgish, and Pennsylvania German England.


England

is-proper noun

England n (proper noun, genitive singular Englands)

Englands (genitive singular)
England (indefinite nominative singular)
England (accusative indefinite singular)
Englandi (dative indefinite singular)
Englands (genitive indefinite singular)


England

(informal, dated) United Kingdom (a country in Western Europe)


England

→ Finnish: Englanti

From Old Swedish England, Engeland, Engelandh.


Welsh

Volcae
Welsh
Welsh language
Welsh people

From Middle English Walsch, Welische, from Old English wīelisċ (“Briton; Roman; Celt”), from Proto-West Germanic *walhisk, from Proto-Germanic *walhiskaz (“Celt; later Roman”), from *walhaz (“Celt, Roman”) (compare Old English wealh), from the name of the Gaulish tribe, the Volcae (recorded only in Latin contexts).
This word was borrowed from Germanic into Slavic (compare Old Church Slavonic Влахъ (Vlaxŭ, “Vlachs, Romanians”), Byzantine Greek Βλάχος (Blákhos)).
Doublet of Vellish. Compare Walloon, walnut, Vlach, Walach, Gaul, Cornwall.

cog

en:of or pertaining to Wales, a country within the UK

en:of or pertaining to the Celtic language of Wales

Of or pertaining to the Celtic language of Wales.

Designating plants or animals from or associated with Wales.

gallois

designating plants, animals, etc. from or associated with Wales

The Tudors, it was argued, were of Welsh or ancient British descent.

1985, Michael Wood, In Search of the Trojan War:

en:Indigenously British Celtic, historical sense

(now historical) Indigenously British; pertaining to the Celtic peoples who inhabited much of Britain before the Roman occupation.


Welsh

en-noun

Welsh (countable and uncountable, plural Welsh)

(collectively, in the plural) The people of Wales.


Welsh

A town in Louisiana, United States, named for early landowner Henry Welsh.

An unincorporated community in Ohio, United States, named for an early settler.


Welsh

Want vlak voor het verstrijken van de reguliere speeltijd roken de Welsh, toen Oranje met de gedachten al in de kleedkamer zat, dat er nog wel een gelijkspel in zat.

2022, NOS, Oranje verslaat Wales in extra tijd, met nieuw basiselftal en twee debutanten:

Because just before the end of regular playing time, the Welsh smelled, when Orange was already in the locker room with their thoughts, that a draw was still possible.


Englishman

Englishmen (plural)
englishman (alternative)

/ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ.mən/

From Middle English Englishman, Inglishman, from Old English Englisċman, Englisċmon, corresponding to English + -man. Compare Old Norse Englismaðr (“Englishman”).

Fucking above your head Englishman!

2008, Christopher-Lee dos Santos, At thy Call, Dino Pappas and Ksenija Micic:

(South Africa, dated, ethnic slur) A South African of British descent, and/or whose first language is English (as opposed to Afrikaans-speaking Afrikaner South Africans).


acre

Borrowed from Latin ācrem. Doublet of agre, agro, and ágrio.

sharp (unpleasantly acrid or tart in taste)


acre

Borrowed from English acre. Doublet of agro.

(measure) English or American acre, a unit of area about equal to 0.4 hectares


acre

es-adj

acre m or f (masculine and feminine plural acres)


イギリス

From Portuguese inglês (“English”, adjective). Compare English English (adjective), Mandarin 英吉利 (Yīngjílì, “England”).

グレートブリテン及び北アイルランド連合王国

Gurēto Buriten oyobi Kita Airurando Rengō Ōkoku

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland


British

en-adj

British (comparative more British, superlative most British)

more British (comparative)
most British (superlative)
Brittish (alternative)

From Middle English Brittish, from Old English Brettisċ.
The spelling with single -t- appears in the 13th century under the influence of Medieval Latin Britannicus, but spelling with -tt- persists alongside -t- during the 13th to 17th centuries.
In reference to the island of Great Britain from ca. 1400 (Latin natio Anglica sive Britannica, Brittisshe occean 1398, the Britishe nacion 1548).
As a noun, referring to the British people, British soldiers, etc. from ca. 1600.

brythonik

history: of the ancient inhabitants of the southern part of Britain


Briton

From Old French Breton, from Latin Brittō or its Celtic equivalent (Welsh Brython). Doublet of Breton and Brython.

At last the Saxons had killed nearly all the Britons, and the few who remained took refuge in the mountains, in that part of the country which we now call Wales, and in Cornwall.

1905, Henrietta Elizabeth Marshall, Our Island Story, page 59:

He writhed for twenty minutes under the flowery and eulogistic periods of the president, and rose himself in the state of confused indignation which the Briton feels when he is publicly approved.

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

The ancient Britons were particularly fond of Anglesey, which the Romans knew as Mona.

An inhabitant of Great Britain, particularly (historical) a Celt from the area of Roman Britain or (obsolete) a Welshman.

brità

ancient Celts in the area of modern England and Wales

the British

native of Great Britain, subject of the UK

...when these hateful termes of Scottes and Englishemen, shalbe abolisshed, and blotted oute for euer, and we shal al agre in the onely title and name of Britons...

1547, James Harrison, An Exhortacion to the Scottes..., G v b:

Rule, Britannia! Britannia rules the waves:
Britons never, never, never will be slaves.

1740, “Rule, Britannia!”, James Thomson (lyrics), Thomas Arne (music):

I glory in the name of Briton.

1760, King George III, quoted in George Rose's 1860 Diaries and Correspondence..., Vol. II, p. 189

Many of the rank and file had no better conception of the proud and sensitive Maori than was implied in the degrading 'nigger' theory, invariably applied by the unthinking Briton to all coloured races.

1902, George Stoddart Whitmore, The Last Maori War in New Zealand..., page vi:

The victims included 3 Canadians, 2 Irishmen, and 1 Briton.

The hiker was a Briton from New Zealand.

A citizen of the United Kingdom or (historical, obsolete) its overseas empire.


Scotland

From Middle English Scotland, Scotlond, from Old English Scotland (“Ireland", later also "Scotland”, literally “land of the Scots”), equivalent to Scot + -land. Compare West Frisian Skotlân (“Scotland”), Dutch Schotland (“Scotland”), German Schottland (“Scotland”), Danish Skotland (“Scotland”), Icelandic Skotland (“Scotland”).

inh

Our main story this week is Scotland. Americans know it as the birthplace of Shrek, and, and that accent you think you can do but actually can’t.

2014, Tim Carvell [et al.], “Scottish Independence”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 1, episode 17, John Oliver (actor), Warner Bros. Television, via HBO:

That’s right. Not even English flag poles can suddenly start treating Scotland with the respect it deserves. “Get this rag off me! Get it off! I can’t! Get this blue mess off me!”

A constituent country of the United Kingdom, located in northwest Europe to the north of England.

Skotland

country in northwest Europe to the north of England


earl

earl (nominative singular)
earlowie (nominative plural)
earla (genitive singular)
earlów (genitive plural)
earlowi (dative singular)
earlom (dative plural)
earla (accusative singular)
earlów (accusative plural)
earlem (instrumental singular)
earlami (instrumental plural)
earlu (locative singular)
earlach (locative plural)
earlu (singular vocative)
earlowie (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English earl, from Middle English erle, erl, from Old English eorl, from Proto-Germanic *erlaz, from *erōną, *arōną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er-.


Britain

en-proper noun

Britain (countable and uncountable, plural Britains)

→ Hawaiian: Pelekāne

→ Tokelauan: Peletānia

From Middle English Britayne, Breteyn, from Anglo-Norman Bretaigne, Bretaine, from Latin Brittannia, variant of Latin Britannia, from Britannī; reinforced by native Old English Breten, from the same Latin source. Ultimately from Proto-Brythonic *Prɨdėn (“Britain”) from *Pritanī (also compare *Prɨdɨn (“Picts”) from *Pritenī), attested to in Ancient Greek as Πρεττανική (Prettanikḗ), compare Welsh Prydain. Doublet of Britannia and Brittany. More at Britto.

The island of Great Britain, consisting of England, Scotland and Wales, especially during antiquity.

Britania

island — see also Great Britain, British Isles

Gran Bretanya f (only full name is used for the island)

Storbritannien (only full name is used for the island)

Grande-Bretagne f (only full name is used for the island)

Gran Bretagna f (only full name is used for the island)

Grand Bretanha f (only full name is used for the island)

Gran Bretaña f (only full name is used for the island)


anglais

Il parle anglais.


Gaelic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Gaelic.wav

Goidelic; any Goidelic language.
Irish Gaelic.

Goidelic; any Goidelic language.
Manx Gaelic.


Gaelic

Of or relating to the Gaels, the Goidel peoples of Scotland and Ireland, and the Manx, or their languages.


Gaelic

Undoubtedly, the main reasons why many gifted young Irish sportsmen such as Niall Quinn, Kevin Moran and Frank Stapleton opted to play soccer instead of Gaelic is^([sic]) that soccer afforded them the opportunity to display and test their abilities in an international arena and earn a good living.

1995, John Sugden, Alan Bairner, Sport, Sectarianism and Society, page 42:


Highlander

From Highlands + -er, equivalent to a specific application of highlander.


parlement

English: parliament, Parliament

Scots: parliament

desc

→ Old French: parlement (“legislative assembly, legislative body”) (semantic loan)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman and continental Old French parlement; equivalent to parlen + -ment. Compare Medieval Latin parliamentum.

paralament (alternative)
parlament (alternative)
parlamente (alternative)
parlemente (alternative)
parliament (alternative)
parliment (alternative)
parllement (alternative)
parlyment (alternative)

(specifically) The parliament of England.


harp

From Middle English harpe, from Old English hearpe (“harp”), from Proto-West Germanic *harpā, from Proto-Germanic *harpǭ (“harp”). Cognate with Scots hairp (“harp”), West Frisian harpe, harp (“harp”), Low German Harp (“harp”), Dutch harp (“harp”), German Harfe (“harp”), Danish harpe (“harp”), Swedish harpa (“harp”).

More likely, it was the prospect of meat. Curwen was by now craving a juicy roast – 'even seal chop' – and was always loosing off at tickleasses and harps.

2006, John Gimlette, Theatre of Fish: Travels Through Newfoundland and Labrador, page 225:


Englishwoman

From Middle English Englishwoman, equivalent to English + -woman. Compare Englishman.

A female native or inhabitant of England; a woman who is English by birth, descent or naturalisation.

إِنْجِلِيزِيَّة

a female native or inhabitant of England


Guernsey

Unadapted borrowing from English Guernsey. Doublet of garnisé.

ubor

Guernsey (an island and dependency of the United Kingdom in the English Channel)


Jerusalem

en-proper noun

Jerusalem (countable and uncountable, plural Jerusalems)

/d͡ʒəˈɹuːsələm/

/d͡ʒəˈɹuːzələm/

From Old English Hierusalem or Old French Jherusalem or Late Latin Ierusalem, Hierusalem, from Latin Hierosolyma, from Ancient Greek Ἰερουσαλήμ (Ierousalḗm), from Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yərūšālayim).

der

יְרוּשָׁלַיִם

A number of places elsewhere, usually named after the city in the Holy Land:

A census-designated place in Conway County, Arkansas.

census-designated place
census-designated place

An unincorporated community in Harford County, Maryland.

An unincorporated community in Lima Township, Washtenaw County, Michigan.

Washtenaw County
Washtenaw County#English

Former name of Courtland, Southampton County, Virginia.


englisch

de-adj

englisch (strong nominative masculine singular englischer, not comparable)

englischer (masculine nominative singular strong)
englisch (masculine predicative singular)
englisch (feminine predicative singular)
englisch (neuter predicative singular)
englisch (plural predicative)
englischer (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
englische (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
englisches (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
englische (nominative plural strong without-article)
englischen (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
englischer (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
englischen (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
englischer (genitive plural strong without-article)
englischem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
englischer (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
englischem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
englischen (dative plural strong without-article)
englischen (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
englische (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
englisches (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
englische (accusative plural strong without-article)
der englische (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die englische (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das englische (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die englischen (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des englischen (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der englischen (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des englischen (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der englischen (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem englischen (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der englischen (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem englischen (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den englischen (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den englischen (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die englische (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das englische (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die englischen (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein englischer (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine englische (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein englisches (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
englischen (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine englischen (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines englischen (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer englischen (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines englischen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
englischen (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner englischen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem englischen (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer englischen (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem englischen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
englischen (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen englischen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen englischen (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine englische (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein englisches (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
englischen (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine englischen (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
engl. (alternative)
Englisch (alternative)

Engl(and) + -isch, or Middle High German englisch, or borrowed directly from English English.

britisch

informally englisch and britisch are sometimes used synonymously

Die Urschrift dieses Vertrags, dessen deutscher, englischer, französischer und russischer Wortlaut gleichermaßen verbindlich ist, wird bei der Regierung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland hinterlegt, die den Regierungen der anderen Vertragschließenden Seiten beglaubigte Ausfertigungen übermittelt.

1990, “Zwei-plus-Vier-Vertrag”, in Bundesgesetzblatt, part 2, page 1326:

The original of the present Treaty, of which the English, French, German and Russian texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, which shall transmit certified true copies to the Governments of the other Contracting Parties.


englisch

englisch (strong nominative masculine singular englischer, comparative englischer, superlative am englischsten)

englischer (masculine nominative singular strong)
englischer (comparative)
am englischsten (superlative)
englisch (masculine predicative singular)
englisch (feminine predicative singular)
englisch (neuter predicative singular)
englisch (plural predicative)
englischer (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
englische (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
englisches (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
englische (nominative plural strong without-article)
englischen (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
englischer (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
englischen (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
englischer (genitive plural strong without-article)
englischem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
englischer (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
englischem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
englischen (dative plural strong without-article)
englischen (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
englische (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
englisches (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
englische (accusative plural strong without-article)
der englische (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die englische (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das englische (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die englischen (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des englischen (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der englischen (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des englischen (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der englischen (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem englischen (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der englischen (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem englischen (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den englischen (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den englischen (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die englische (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das englische (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die englischen (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein englischer (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine englische (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein englisches (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
englischen (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine englischen (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines englischen (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer englischen (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines englischen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
englischen (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner englischen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem englischen (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer englischen (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem englischen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
englischen (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen englischen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen englischen (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine englische (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein englisches (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
englischen (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine englischen (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
englischer (comparative masculine predicative singular)
englischer (comparative feminine predicative singular)
englischer (comparative neuter predicative singular)
englischer (comparative plural predicative)
englischerer (comparative masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
englischere (comparative feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
englischeres (comparative neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
englischere (comparative nominative plural strong without-article)
englischeren (comparative genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
englischerer (comparative feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
englischeren (comparative genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
englischerer (comparative genitive plural strong without-article)
englischerem (comparative dative masculine singular strong without-article)
englischerer (comparative dative feminine singular strong without-article)
englischerem (comparative dative neuter singular strong without-article)
englischeren (comparative dative plural strong without-article)
englischeren (accusative comparative masculine singular strong without-article)
englischere (accusative comparative feminine singular strong without-article)
englischeres (accusative comparative neuter singular strong without-article)
englischere (accusative comparative plural strong without-article)
der englischere (comparative definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die englischere (comparative definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das englischere (comparative definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die englischeren (comparative definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des englischeren (comparative definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der englischeren (comparative definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des englischeren (comparative definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der englischeren (comparative definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem englischeren (comparative dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der englischeren (comparative dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem englischeren (comparative dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den englischeren (comparative dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den englischeren (accusative comparative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die englischere (accusative comparative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das englischere (accusative comparative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die englischeren (accusative comparative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein englischerer (comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine englischere (comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein englischeres (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
englischeren (comparative indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine englischeren (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines englischeren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer englischeren (comparative feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines englischeren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
englischeren (comparative genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner englischeren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem englischeren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer englischeren (comparative dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem englischeren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
englischeren (comparative dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen englischeren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen englischeren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine englischere (accusative comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein englischeres (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
englischeren (accusative comparative indefinite mixed plural)
keine englischeren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
am englischsten (masculine predicative singular superlative)
am englischsten (feminine predicative singular superlative)
am englischsten (neuter predicative singular superlative)
am englischsten (plural predicative superlative)
englischster (masculine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
englischste (feminine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
englischstes (neuter nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
englischste (nominative plural strong superlative without-article)
englischsten (genitive masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
englischster (feminine genitive singular strong superlative without-article)
englischsten (genitive neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
englischster (genitive plural strong superlative without-article)
englischstem (dative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
englischster (dative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
englischstem (dative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
englischsten (dative plural strong superlative without-article)
englischsten (accusative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
englischste (accusative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
englischstes (accusative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
englischste (accusative plural strong superlative without-article)
der englischste (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
die englischste (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular superlative weak)
das englischste (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
die englischsten (definite includes-article nominative plural superlative weak)
des englischsten (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der englischsten (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular superlative weak)
des englischsten (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
der englischsten (definite genitive includes-article plural superlative weak)
dem englischsten (dative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der englischsten (dative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
dem englischsten (dative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
den englischsten (dative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
den englischsten (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
die englischste (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
das englischste (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
die englischsten (accusative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
ein englischster (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular superlative)
eine englischste (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular superlative)
ein englischstes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular superlative)
englischsten (indefinite mixed nominative plural superlative)
keine englischsten (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural superlative)
eines englischsten (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer englischsten (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
eines englischsten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
englischsten (genitive indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keiner englischsten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einem englischsten (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer englischsten (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
einem englischsten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
englischsten (dative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keinen englischsten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einen englischsten (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
eine englischste (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
ein englischstes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
englischsten (accusative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keine englischsten (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
Engelisch (alternative)
engelisch (alternative)


font

fontok (plural)
font (nominative singular)
fontok (nominative plural)
fontot (accusative singular)
fontokat (accusative plural)
fontnak (dative singular)
fontoknak (dative plural)
fonttal (instrumental singular)
fontokkal (instrumental plural)
fontért (causal-final singular)
fontokért (causal-final plural)
fonttá (singular translative)
fontokká (plural translative)
fontig (singular terminative)
fontokig (plural terminative)
fontként (essive-formal singular)
fontokként (essive-formal plural)
fontban (inessive singular)
fontokban (inessive plural)
fonton (singular superessive)
fontokon (plural superessive)
fontnál (adessive singular)
fontoknál (adessive plural)
fontba (illative singular)
fontokba (illative plural)
fontra (singular sublative)
fontokra (plural sublative)
fonthoz (allative singular)
fontokhoz (allative plural)
fontból (elative singular)
fontokból (elative plural)
fontról (delative singular)
fontokról (delative plural)
fonttól (ablative singular)
fontoktól (ablative plural)
fonté (singular)
fontoké (plural)
fontéi (singular)
fontokéi (plural)
fontom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
fontjaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
fontod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
fontjaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
fontja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
fontjai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
fontunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
fontjaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
fontotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
fontjaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
fontjuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
fontjaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Borrowed from English font, from Middle French fonte, feminine past participle of fondre (“to melt”), from Latin fundō (“I melt”).

(typography) digital font (set of glyphs of unified design contained in a computer file)


British Isles

From British (“relating to Britons, Britain, or the Britains”) + isles (“islands”). Compare Ancient Greek Βρεττανίδες νῆσοι (Brettanídes nêsoi) and Latin Britannicae insulae (“British islands”).

der

Βρεττανίδες νῆσοι

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

An archipelago in Northern Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, Anglesey, the Isle of Man, the Isle of Wight, the Hebrides, the Shetland Islands, the Orkney Islands, the Isles of Scilly, the Channel Islands and many smaller islands.


cent

pl-noun

cent m animal (diminutive cencik, related adjective centowy)

cencik (diminutive)
centowy (adjective)
cent (nominative singular)
centy (nominative plural)
centa (genitive singular)
centów (genitive plural)
centowi (dative singular)
centom (dative plural)
centa (accusative singular)
centy (accusative plural)
centem (instrumental singular)
centami (instrumental plural)
cencie (locative singular)
centach (locative plural)
cencie (singular vocative)
centy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English cent, French cent, German Cent, ultimately from Latin centum. Doublet of sto.

cent (subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the main unit of currency in many countries; symbol: ¢)


pudding

pudding (nominative singular)
puddingi (nominative plural)
puddingu (genitive singular)
puddingów (genitive plural)
puddingowi (dative singular)
puddingom (dative plural)
pudding (accusative singular)
puddingi (accusative plural)
puddingiem (instrumental singular)
puddingami (instrumental plural)
puddingu (locative singular)
puddingach (locative plural)
puddingu (singular vocative)
puddingi (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English pudding. Doublet of budyń.

ubor

pudding (type of cake or dessert cooked usually by boiling or steaming)


libra

From Old Galician-Portuguese livra, attested in the 13th-century Cantigas de Santa Maria, from Latin libra (“Roman pound”). Doublet of lira. In reference to the English unit, a calque of English pound. Cognate with Portuguese and Spanish libra and Catalan lliura.

British pound, a unit of British currency originally notionally equal to a pound of sterling silver


libra

Libra (someone with the Libra star sign)


libra

la-noun

lībra f (genitive lībrae); first declension

lībra (canonical feminine)
lībrae (genitive)
lībra (nominative singular)
lībrae (nominative plural)
lībrae (genitive singular)
lībrārum (genitive plural)
lībrae (dative singular)
lībrīs (dative plural)
lībram (accusative singular)
lībrās (accusative plural)
lībrā (ablative singular)
lībrīs (ablative plural)
lībra (singular vocative)
lībrae (plural vocative)

Catalan: lliura

desctree

Old French: livre m
Middle French: livre
French: livre
Norman: livre

Galician: libra

Italian: libra, libbra, lira

→ Catalan: lira

→ Czech: lira

→ Danish: lire

→ Faroese: liri

→ English: lira

→ Finnish: liira

→ German: Lira

→ Galician: lira

→ Maori: rira

→ Malay: lira

→ Maltese: lira

→ Norwegian: lira

→ Portuguese: lira

→ Serbo-Croatian: lira

→ Spanish: lira

→ Turkish: lira

Piedmontese: livra

Portuguese: libra

Romanian: livră

Spanish: libra

→ Tagalog: libra

Of uncertain origin. The word's original form was something like Proto-Italic *līðrā, *leiðrā (“pound”), surviving also in Ancient Greek λίτρα (lítra), whence English liter.
Weiss derives the term from Proto-Indo-European *leyH- (“to pour”) suffixed with the instrumental/resultative suffix *-dʰrom, under the assumption that the term originally meant "pouring (of metal)" before evolving to mean a unit of weight. In this case, then cognate with Proto-Slavic *lìti (“to pour”), Proto-Celtic *liyeti (“to flow”), Ancient Greek λείβω (leíbō, “to pour”), Lithuanian líeti (“to let flow”).

(historical) libra, Roman pound, a Roman unit of mass, equivalent to about 327 g

level, a tool used to check surfaces for horizontal and vertical alignment

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) pound, any of various units of mass derived from or roughly equivalent to the Roman libra

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) pound, any of various currencies derived from the use of pound as a weight in silver


libra

From Latin libra (“Roman pound”). Doublet of arrátel. In reference to the English unit, a calque of English pound. Cognate with Galician and Spanish libra and Catalan lliura.

pound, British and other currencies derived from the use of a pound as a weight in silver


libra

From Latin libra (“Roman pound, scale”). Doublet of lira. In reference to the English unit, a calque of English pound. Cognate with Galician and Portuguese libra and Catalan lliura.

British pound (the currency of the United Kingdom and its dependencies, originally notionally equivalent to a pound of stirling silver)


tartan

en-adj

tartan (comparative more tartan, superlative most tartan)

more tartan (comparative)
most tartan (superlative)

The noun is an unadapted borrowing from Scots tartan, from Old Scots tartane, tertane, probably from Old French tertaine, tiretaine (“cloth of wool mixed with cotton or linen”), probably from tiret (“kind of precious cloth”) + -aine modelled after futaine (“woven cloth made from cotton mixed with linen or silk”). Tiret is derived from tire (“kind of silk cloth”), from Medieval Latin tyrium (“cloth dyed with Tyrian purple”), a noun use of Latin tyrium, an inflection of tyrius (“of Tyre, Tyrian”), from Latin Tyrus (“Phoenician city of Tyre (in modern Lebanon)”) (from Ancient Greek Τῠ́ρος (Tŭ́ros), from Phoenician 𐤑𐤓 (ṣr) or 𐤑𐤅𐤓 (ṣwr)) + -ius (suffix forming adjectives).
Another suggestion is that the Scots noun is from Middle English tartaryn (“rich cloth (probably silk) imported from the East, probably from China through Tartary”), from Old French (drap) tartarin (literally “cloth of Tartary”), from Medieval Latin Tartarīnus (“of Tartary or the Tatars”), from Latin Tartarus, Tatarus (“Tatar person”) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). However, the Oxford English Dictionary notes that tartarin referred to a more expensive fabric.
Noun sense 2.2 (“type of fly used in fly fishing”) may refer to its use in Scotland: see the 1837 quotation. Sense 2.3 (“young person who is a member of a Protestant gang in Northern Ireland”) is from the fact that they were traditionally supporters of Rangers Football Club based in Glasgow, Scotland.
The adjective is from an attributive use of the noun, while the verb is also derived from the noun.

noncog

(figurative, sometimes humorous) Of or relating to Scotland, its culture, or people; Scottish.


tartan

tartan (nominative singular)
tartany (nominative plural)
tartanu (genitive singular)
tartanów (genitive plural)
tartanowi (dative singular)
tartanom (dative plural)
tartan (accusative singular)
tartany (accusative plural)
tartanem (instrumental singular)
tartanami (instrumental plural)
tartanie (locative singular)
tartanach (locative plural)
tartanie (singular vocative)
tartany (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English tartan, from Middle English tartaryn, from Middle French tartarin, tiretaine, from Old French tiret, from tire, from Medieval Latin tyrius, from Latin Tyrus, from Ancient Greek Τύρος (Túros), from Phoenician 𐤑𐤅𐤓 (ṣwr).

tartan (woollen cloth with a distinctive pattern of intersecting orthogonal coloured stripes, associated with Scottish Highlanders)

(athletics) tartan track (all-weather synthetic track surfacing made of polyurethane used for track and field competitions)

(athletics, colloquial) tartan track (stadium or running track covered with such material)


ton

→ Tokelauan: tone, tane

Variant of tun (“cask”), influenced by Old French tonne (“ton”).

ton

various units of mass notionally equivalent to a tun

(colloquial, chiefly UK) Synonym of hundred, particularly

Synonym of hundred, particularly
100 pounds sterling.


Isle of Man

An island and crown dependency of the United Kingdom in the Irish Sea, part of the British Isles but not of the United Kingdom.


Scottish

From Middle English Scottich, from Old English Sċyttisċ, equivalent to Scot + -ish. Compare West Frisian Skotsk (“Scottish”), Dutch Schots (“Scottish”), German schottisch (“Scottish”), Danish skotsk (“Scottish”), Icelandic skoskur (“Scottish”). Doublet of Scotch and Scot.

(uncountable) short for Scottish English, the varieties of English spoken in Scotland.


Anglia

Anglia (nominative singular)
Angliát (accusative singular)
Angliának (dative singular)
Angliával (instrumental singular)
Angliáért (causal-final singular)
Angliává (singular translative)
Angliáig (singular terminative)
Angliaként (essive-formal singular)
Angliában (inessive singular)
Anglián (singular superessive)
Angliánál (adessive singular)
Angliába (illative singular)
Angliára (singular sublative)
Angliához (allative singular)
Angliából (elative singular)
Angliáról (delative singular)
Angliától (ablative singular)
Angliáé (singular)
Angliáéi (singular)
Angliám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Angliád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Angliája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Angliánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Angliátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Angliájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)

England (a country in the United Kingdom)


Anglia

Anglia (nominative singular)
Anglian (genitive singular)
Angliaa (partitive singular)
Angliaa (illative singular)
Angliaas (inessive singular)
Angliast (elative singular)
Anglialle (allative singular)
Angliaal (adessive singular)
Anglialt (ablative singular)
Angliaks (singular translative)
Anglianna (essive singular)
Angliaan (essive singular)
Angliant (exessive singular)

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)

Industrian kehityksen mukkaa Anglia ono toin maa maailmaas.

1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by P. I. Maksimov and N. A. Iljin, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun neljättä klaassaa vart (toine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 123:

As to industrial development, England is the second country on earth.

(colloquial) United Kingdom (a country in Europe)


Anglia

Anglia (nominative singular)
Anglii (genitive singular)
Anglii (dative singular)
Anglię (accusative singular)
Anglią (instrumental singular)
Anglii (locative singular)
Anglio (singular vocative)
Anglja (alternative)

Etymology tree
Latin Anglialbor.
Polish Anglia
Learned borrowing from Latin Anglia.

etymon

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom in Europe)


anglo

Spanish was the only "foreign" language taught in the school, where most of the students spoke Spanish as a first language, and it was taught by an Anglo teacher from textbooks written by and for Anglos […] Somehow, the school administration saw no contradiction in rewarding Anglo students for learning to conjugate ser while punishing Chicano students for speaking Spanish on the school grounds.

1984 February 4, David Morris, “Different Origins: Joto Güero del West Side”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 28, page 15:

(Southwestern US, informal, sometimes offensive) A North American, especially a white one (regardless of actual ethnicity), whose native language is English (as opposed to Americans who have another native language).

(Australia, informal) An Anglo-Australian (as opposed to Australians of Mediterranean or Middle Eastern background)

(nonstandard) A British person or person of British ancestry.


anglo

eo-head

anglo (accusative singular anglon, plural angloj, accusative plural anglojn)

anglon (accusative singular)
angloj (plural)
anglojn (accusative plural)

Derived from Latin Anglus, of Germanic origin. Doublet of englo.

Englishman (a man from England or of English descent)


anglo

it-adj

anglo (feminine angla, masculine plural angli, feminine plural angle)

angla (feminine)
angli (masculine plural)
angle (feminine plural)


IO

British Indian Ocean Territory
British Indian Ocean Territory#English

(international standards) ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code for the British Indian Ocean Territory.


lord

lord (nominative singular)
lordowie (nominative plural)
lorda (genitive singular)
lordów (genitive plural)
lordowi (dative singular)
lordom (dative plural)
lorda (accusative singular)
lordów (accusative plural)
lordem (instrumental singular)
lordami (instrumental plural)
lordzie (locative singular)
lordach (locative plural)
lordzie (singular vocative)
lordowie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English lord, from Middle English lord and lorde, from lourde, from lowerd, louerd, loverd, laford, lhoaverd, from Old English hlāford, from hlāfweard.


provost

From Middle English, from late Old English prōfost, prāfost, from Late Latin prōpositus, variant of Latin praepositus (“[one] placed in command”). In some senses, via Anglo-Norman provolt; via Anglo-Norman and Old French provost (modern French prévôt). As a Central European ecclesiastical office, via German Propst, Danish provst, etc.

steward

deputy overseeing medieval estates or fees

police officer

deputy overseeing medieval law enforcement; military police

One placed in charge: a head, a chief, particularly:

(religion) The minister of the chief Protestant church of a town or region in Germany, the Low Countries, and Scandinavia.

(UK, higher education) The head of various colleges and universities.

The repairs were completed in the summer of last year, more than ten months after the line had been closed, and the branch was re-opened on June 29, when Mr. T. F. Cameron, Chief Regional Officer, Scottish Region, received Provost J. S. Collin, of Eyemouth, at the station. The 12.42. p.m. train to Burnmouth was signalled out of the station by the Provost, after he had been introduced to the crew.

1950 January, “Re-Opening of the Eyemouth Branch”, in Railway Magazine, page 52:

A mayor: the chief magistrate of a town, particularly (Scotland) the head of a burgh or (historical) the former chiefs of various towns in France, Flanders, or (by extension) other Continental European countries.

pormestari

equivalent of mayor in some Scottish cities


Wallis

de-proper noun

Wallis n (proper noun, genitive Wallis' or (with an article) Wallis)

From English Wales, perhaps influenced by etymology 1 above.

(obsolete) Wales (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


whisky

en-noun

whisky (countable and uncountable, plural whiskies)

Variant of usque, abbreviation of usquebaugh (compare obsolete whiskybae), from Scottish Gaelic uisge-beatha (“water of life”), calque of Medieval Latin aqua vitae. Compare akvavit, aquavit, aqua vitae, eau de vie, and water of life from the same source.

der

That the young Mr. Churchills liked—but they did not like him coming round of an evening and drinking weak whisky-and-water while he held forth on railway debentures and corporation loans. Mr. Barrett, however, by fawning and flattery, seemed to be able to make not only Mrs. Churchill but everyone else do what he desired.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter II, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

(Scotland, Canada, Australia) Alternative form of whiskey, an alcoholic liquor distilled from fermented grain, usually aged in oak barrels, (particularly) Scotch; a drink of this liquor.


whiskey

en-noun

whiskey (countable and uncountable, plural whiskeys or whiskies)

whiskeys (plural)
whiskies (plural)
whisky (alternative)

→ Jersey Dutch: wäski

→ Punjabi: ਵਿਸਕੀ (viskī)

→ Welsh: chwisgi

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wed-
Proto-Indo-European *-r̥
Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥der.
Proto-Celtic *udenskyos
Old Irish uisce
Irish uisce
Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *-wós
Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós
Proto-Celtic *biwos
Proto-Celtic *-tūts
Proto-Celtic *biwotūts
Old Irish bethu
Irish beatha
Medieval Latin aqua vītaecalq.
Irish uisce beathabor.
Old Irish uisce
Scottish Gaelic uisge
Old Irish bethu
Scottish Gaelic beatha
Medieval Latin aqua vītaecalq.
Scottish Gaelic uisge-beathabor.
English usquebaugh
English usque
English whiskey
Variant of usque, abbreviation of usquebaugh, from Irish uisce beatha, calque of Medieval Latin aqua vītae (“water of life”). Compare akvavit, aquavit, aqua vitae, eau de vie, and water of life from the same source and vodka from a Russian diminutive for water in reference to the dilution of pure grain spirits.

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-عُثمان (Middle river exports)-whiskey.wav

NATO/ICAO Phonetic Alphabet
w:NATO Phonetic Alphabet

(international standards) Alternative letter-case form of Whiskey from the NATO/ICAO Phonetic Alphabet.


leek

→ Maori: riki

From Middle English leke, leek, lek, from Old English lēac (“a garden herb, leek, onion, garlic”), from Proto-West Germanic *lauk, from Proto-Germanic *lauką *laukaz (“leek, onion”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend”).
Cognate with Dutch look (“garlic, leek”), German Low German Look (“leek”), German Lauch (“leek, allium”), Danish løg (“onion”), Swedish lök (“onion”), Icelandic laukur (“onion, leek, garlic”). See garlic.

cog

Any of several species of Allium, broadly resembling the domesticated plant in appearance in the wild.


Hogmanay

en-noun

Hogmanay (countable and uncountable, plural Hogmanays)

Hogmanays (plural)
Hogmoney (alternative)

/ˈhɒɡməˌneɪ/

/ˌhɒɡməˈneɪ/

/ˈhɑɡməˌneɪ/

/ˌhɑɡməˈneɪ/

From Scots Hogmanay, probably from Old French aguillanneuf (“last day of the year”).

der

Each year the Hogmanay celebration and the Christmas market on Princes Street Gardens that accompanies it, together with the ever-growing international festival and fringe, eats up more and more of our public spaces.

2020 January 5, Kevin McKenna, “Rebel alliance ready to put a halt to the ‘disneyfication’ of Edinburgh”, in The Observer, →ISSN:


Scottish Gaelic

The Gaelic language of Scotland, spoken primarily in the northern and western parts of the country.

Wiktionary’s coverage of Scottish Gaelic terms


Nessie

That flurry of activity had been set off by a magisterial book (Whyte, 1957), reinforced by Dinsdale’s filming of a Nessie (Dinsdale, 1961) and culminating in successful underwater photography (Rines et al., 1976) by the Academy of Applied Science (AAS). Nessies were assigned the taxonomic identity Nessiteras rhombopteryx (Anonymous, 1975).

2002, Henry H. B. Auer, “The Case for the Loch Ness 'Monster': The Scientific Evidence”, in Journal of Scientific Exploration, volume 16, number 2, pages 225–246:

And if it comes down to just one vote, we all know who will be called upon to break that tie. Go with your gut, Nessie. You do you, Nessie, you do you.

(informal, cryptozoology) The Loch Ness monster.


Loch Ness monster

the Loch Ness monster (canonical)
Loch Ness Monster (alternative)

(cryptozoology) A large creature believed by some to inhabit Loch Ness in Scotland. It is said to have a long neck and one or more humps that protrude from the water.


Troubles

Under McGlinchey's leadership, the INLA committed several atrocities and murders during the Troubles, resulting in the Co Derry native's imprisonment both north and south of the border.

2023 August 1, “Son of slain republicans brings actions”, in The Irish Times, page 4:

(Ireland, historical) The continued violence and terrorist, military and paramilitary activity in Northern Ireland that happened from the mid 1960s to the late 1990s.

na Trioblóidí

violence in Northern Ireland, 1960s–1990s


Írland

Írland (indefinite nominative)
Írland (accusative indefinite)
Írlandi (dative indefinite)
Írlands (genitive indefinite)


Írland

is-proper noun

Írland n (proper noun, genitive singular Írlands)

Írlands (genitive singular)
Írland (indefinite nominative singular)
Írland (accusative indefinite singular)
Írlandi (dative indefinite singular)
Írlands (genitive indefinite singular)


Scots

Borrowed from Scots Scots, from Middle Scots Scottis, from Old English Scottysċ, a late variant of earlier Scyttisċ (“Scottish”). Doublet of Scottish.

A Germanic language closely related to English and descended from northern dialects of Middle English, spoken in parts of Scotland, now especially in the northeastern and southern regions of the country.


Irsko

cs-proper noun

Irsko n (relational adjective irský, demonym Ir, female demonym Irka)

irský (adjective relational)
Ir (demonym)
Irka (demonym feminine)
Irsko (nominative singular)
Irska (genitive singular)
Irsku (dative singular)
Irsko (accusative singular)
Irsko (singular vocative)
Irsku (locative singular)
Irskem (instrumental singular)

Ireland (an island and country in Western Europe; capital: Dublin)


sextary

From Middle English sextarie, sextary, anglicized from Latin sextārius (“pint”). Doublet of sextarius.

(historical) Synonym of sextarius, an ancient Roman unit of volume


Gàidhlig

head

Gàidhlig f (genitive singular Gàidhlig or Gàidhlige)

Gàidhlig (genitive singular)
Gàidhlige (genitive singular)

Gàidhlig na h-Èireann (“Irish Gaelic”)

Gàidhlig Mhanainn (“Manx”)

LL-Q9314 (gla)-Knites-Ghaidhlig is pronunced gah lik.wav

correct pronunciation

From Old Irish Goídelc. Cognate with Irish Gaeilge and Manx Gaelg.


Great Britain

Of the island of Great Britain, to disambiguate Britain from Brittany, i.e. Lesser Britain. From Middle English Great Brittaigne, Grete Britaigne, Grete breteygne, grete Bretayne, grete breteyne, parallelling Anglo-Norman Grande Brettayne and c. 12th-century Medieval Latin Britannia Maior. Equivalent to Great + Britain.
King James VI and I in 1604 proclaimed himself “King of Great Britain, France and Ireland”.

Kingdom of Great Britain
Kingdom of Great Britain

(historical or loosely) The United Kingdom, or its predecessor the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1801).

Groot-Brittanje

United Kingdom — see also United Kingdom, Kingdom of Great Britain


quid

Borrowed from Latin quid (“what, something”), neuter singular of quis (“who”).

(US, historical) A member of a section of the Democratic-Republican Party between 1805 and 1811, following John Randolph of Roanoke. (From tertium quid.)

[…]; but what is the quo for which they ought to give the quid? you say they ought to give a quid pro quo; what is the quo? […]; did not they give you a pretty handsome quid for the quo there?

1886 May 19, Report from the Select Committee of the House of Lords on the Electric Lighting Act (1882) Amendment (No. 1) Bill [H.L.]; the Electric Lighting Act (1882) Amendment (No. 2) Bill [H.L.]; Together with the Proceedings of the Committee, Minutes of Evidence, and Appendix, London: […] Henry Hansard and Son, page 208:

Indeed, asymmetry precludes the possibility of pointing to any particular quo that is meant to recompense the quid. […]If there exists any kind of inequity between quid and quo, then—on this line of argument—the expansive category of “friendship” emerges to account for it, siphoning the situation away from the class of objectionable quid pro quo. The claim officials here make—that for a quid to have a quo there must be some equivalency between the two—draws theoretical sustenance from the objective, exclusionary approach that critics of classical contract law apply to disproportionate exchanges.

2000, Andrew Stark, Conflict of Interest in American Public Life, →ISBN, pages 163–164:

Corruption, the Court declared in Buckley v. Valeo, involves a quid pro quo: an officeholder doing something in office in return for money or some other favor provided by another individual or entity (for our purposes, a corporation). The problem, however, is that in principle there can be a quid—the money or favor offered by the business to the official—and a quo—the action taken by the official that benefits the business—without any clear evidence of a pro, that is, that the two are connected.[…]The “pro,” the connection between quid and quo, might take place only inside the minds of the official and businessperson concerned.

2009, George G. Brenkert, Tom L. Beaucham, editors, The Oxford Handbook of Business Ethics, Oxford University Press, page 504:

It is hard to pull off a quid pro quo if the holder of the quo doesn’t know about the quid.

2020, John Yoo, Defender in Chief: Donald Trump’s Fight for Presidential Power, New York, N.Y.: All Points Books, St. Martin’s Publishing Group, →ISBN:

Paired with quo, in reference to the phrase quid pro quo (“this for that”): something offered in exchange for something else.


quid

Likely derives from the phrase quid pro quo (“this for that”), referring to the exchange of goods/services for money.

Seven quid for a toastie? You're joking aren't you?!

Forty quid a fuckin ticket. No shy they British Rail cunts, ah kin fuckin tell ye.

1994 [1993], Irvine Welsh, Trainspotting, London: Minerva, →ISBN, page 114:

The ride costs exactly fifteen quid, but that doesn't include the tip, and bitter is two pounds a pint.

1995, Nick Hornby, High Fidelity, London: Victor Gollancz, →ISBN, pages 71–72:

(UK, colloquial) Pound sterling. (usually only used with a whole number of pounds)

(Ireland, Commonwealth, colloquial, historical) Various national currencies typically known by the name "pound".

(Ireland, colloquial, by extension) Euro.


Scot

From Old English Scottas (“people from Ireland, Irishmen”), from Late Latin Scotti (see Scōtī for more).
See Scoti.


corgi

en-noun

corgi (plural corgis or corgies or (rare) corgwn)

corgis (plural)
corgies (plural)
corgwn (plural rare)
corgy (alternative)

PIE word
 *ḱwṓ
Borrowed from Welsh corgi, a compound of cor (“dwarf”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”)) + gi (the soft mutation of ci (“dog”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”), perhaps from *peḱ- (“livestock; wealth”)). The rare plural form corgwn is borrowed from Welsh corgwn.

der

By this time the Pembrokeshire—the short-tailed corgwn—were increasing in popularity very rapidly. The Cardiganshire variety lagged behind their more numerous cousins, but, even so, almost all the larger shows of this country had classes […]

1966 July 14, S. M. Lampson, “Sturdy Farm Dogs from Wales”, in John Adams, editor, Country Life, volume 140, London: George Newnes […], →OCLC, page 69:

[W]hich news item do we have to worry about and have a view on? Not, presumably, the fact that the Queen is going cool on corgies; probably not how space exploration is getting on; townies can maybe skip the fates of either cows or badgers.

2015 July 27, Katharine Whitehorn, “Need we follow all the news?”, in The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-03-09:

While larger, longer corgwn with tails were found in the lowland and hill farms of central and northern Cardiganshire, in the south a shorter, lighter corgi was more common.

2016, Janet Vorwald Dohner, “Herding Dogs”, in Deborah Burns, Lisa H. Hiley, editors, Farm Dogs: A Comprehensive Breed Guide to 93 Guardians, Herders, Terriers, and Other Canine Working Partners, North Adams, Mass.: Storey Publishing, →ISBN, page 200, column 1:

Participating pooches must be between 12-20 weeks old at the time of taping. This year, two labradoodles, a pomsky and a corgi are among members the Central Florida contingent.

2023 January 27, Patrick Connolly, “Meet the Orlando rescue dogs playing in Puppy Bowl XIX”, in Orlando Sentinel:

Short for Welsh corgi (“a type of herding dog originating from Wales, having a small body, short legs, and fox-like features such as large ears; two separate breeds are recognized: the Cardigan Welsh Corgi and the Pembroke Welsh Corgi”).

korgi

short for Welsh corgi — see also Welsh corgi


mitre

From Middle English mytre, from Old French mitre, from Ancient Greek μίτρα (mítra, “headband, turban”). Its use in reference to a counterfeit coin derived from the bishop's mitre stamped upon it. Doublet of Mithras, Mithra, Mitra, and Mehr.

doublet

(historical, numismatics) A 13th-century coin minted in Europe which circulated in Ireland as a debased counterfeit sterling penny, outlawed under Edward I.


IRL

(international standards) ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code for Ireland.


Éire

Éireann (genitive)
Éire (indefinite nominative singular)
a Éire (indefinite singular vocative)
Éireann (genitive indefinite singular)
Éirinn (dative indefinite singular)
an Éire (definite nominative singular)
na hÉireann (definite genitive singular)
leis an Éirinn (dative definite singular)
don Éirinn (dative definite singular)
Éire
nÉire
hÉire
Éirinn (alternative)

From Old Irish Ériu, probably, although the É is unexpected and unexplained, from Proto-Celtic *Φīweriyū.


Cymru

Borrowed from Welsh Cymru. Doublet of Cambria and Cumbria.

Communicating in English was usual till a common language could be established. But neither I nor Rob wished anyone to prioritise English on our behalf and the fact that anyone could be offended at hearing Cymraeg in Cymru was wretched. […] My friends had only been in Cymru a year, but Tim knew more local history than me, and the kids, being young, were already nearly fluent in Cymraeg.

2022, Julie Brominicks, The Edge of Cymru: A Journey, Bridgend: Seren, published 2023, →ISBN:


Cymru

From Middle Welsh Kymry, from Proto-Brythonic *kömroɣ, from Proto-Celtic *kom- (associative prefix) + *mrogis (“region, country”). By surface analysis, cyn (“with, together”) + bro (“country”). Cognate with English Cumbria and Cambria.


IRA

Irish Republican Army
Irish Republican Army#English

(Ireland, UK, politics) Initialism of Irish Republican Army.


Gibraltar

/d͡ʒɪˈbɹɔːltə(ɹ)/

/d͡ʒɪˈbɹɒltə(ɹ)/

Pillars of Hercules
Rock of Gibraltar
Tariq ibn Ziyad
Umayyad conquest of Hispania

From Spanish Gibraltar, from Arabic جَبَل طَارِق (jabal ṭāriq, “Mount Tariq”), named after Tariq ibn Ziyad, who led the Umayyad conquest of Hispania, starting in 711. Replaced earlier Latin Mons Calpe (“Mount Calpe”) for the land, and Columnae Herculis, from Ancient Greek Ἡράκλειαι στῆλαι (Hērákleiai stêlai, “Pillars of Hercules”), for the strait.
The barangay in Baguio, Philippines is named by a German national "Jonathan Speth" after the Rock of Gibraltar in Europe. He lived and died in the barangay.

der

جَبَل طَارِق

cog

Ἡράκλειαι στῆλαι

A peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia.


Gibraltar

from Arabic جَبَل طَارِق (jabal ṭāriq, “Mount Tariq”), probably via Spanish Gibraltar.

der

جَبَل طَارِق

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)


Gibraltar

cs-proper noun

Gibraltar m inan (relational adjective gibraltarský)

gibraltarský (adjective relational)
Gibraltar (nominative singular)
Gibraltaru (genitive singular)
Gibraltaru (dative singular)
Gibraltar (accusative singular)
Gibraltare (singular vocative)
Gibraltaru (locative singular)
Gibraltarem (instrumental singular)


Gibraltar

de-proper noun

Gibraltar n (proper noun, genitive Gibraltars or (optionally with an article) Gibraltar)

Gibraltars (genitive)
Gibraltar (genitive with-article)


Gibraltar

pl-prop

Gibraltar m inan (related adjective gibraltarski)

gibraltarski (adjective)
Gibraltar (nominative singular)
Gibraltaru (genitive singular)
Gibraltarowi (dative singular)
Gibraltar (accusative singular)
Gibraltarem (instrumental singular)
Gibraltarze (locative singular)
Gibraltarze (singular vocative)

Gibraltar (a strait connecting the Mediterranean to the Atlantic between Gibraltar and Morocco)


Gibraltar

sh-proper noun

Gìbraltār m (Cyrillic spelling Гѝбралта̄р)

Gìbraltār (canonical masculine)
Гѝбралта̄р (Cyrillic)
Gibraltar (nominative singular)
Gibraltara (genitive singular)
Gibraltaru (dative singular)
Gibraltar (accusative singular)
Gibraltare (singular vocative)
Gibraltaru (locative singular)
Gibraltarom (instrumental singular)


אנגליה

he-proper noun

אַנְגְּלִיָּה

אַנְגְּלִיָּה • (ángliya) f

אַנְגְּלִיָּה (canonical)
ángliya (romanization)


Tara

Borrowed from Irish Teamhrach, genitive of Teamhair, from Old Irish Temair (literally “high place”). The female given name is derived from the name of the plantation in Gone with the Wind, named for the place in Ireland.

der

Some other places named Tara, all likely after the Irish hill:

An unincorporated community in Manatee County, Florida, United States.

A township in Swift County, Minnesota, United States.

A township in Traverse County, Minnesota.


pound sterling

pounds sterling (plural)
GBP (alternative)
pound Sterling (alternative)

The sterling was originally a silver penny. 240 of them made a pound.

Andrew Houſtoun and Adam Muſhet, being Tackſmen of the Excize, did Imploy Thomas Rue to be their Collector, and gave him a Sallary of 30. pound Sterling for a year.

1668 July 3rd, James Dalrymple, “Thomas Rue contra Andrew Houſtoun” in The Deciſions of the Lords of Council & Seſſion I (Edinburgh, 1683), page 547


bagpipes

en-noun

bagpipes pl (normally plural, singular bagpipe)

bagpipe (singular)
bagpipe (alternative)

From earlier bagpipe, from Middle English bagpipe; equivalent to bag + pipes.

Bagpipes are traditionally played in most Celtic regions and many former parts of the British Empire.

“Iʼll tell you something: there is nothing in the world like the sound of the bagpipes to raise a manʼs morale, to lift his spirits, and give him strength.”

2005, Jennifer Worth, Shadows of the Workhouse, Weidenfeld & Nicholson (2009), page 250:

A musical wind instrument possessing a flexible bag inflated by bellows, a double-reed melody pipe and up to four drone pipes; any aerophone that produces sound using air from a reservoir to vibrate enclosed reeds.


Hollywood Irish

Irish people and culture as stereotypically portrayed by the movie industry, particularly from the USA.


Sinn Féin

From Irish Sinn Féin (literally “we ourselves”) from sinn (“we, us”) + féin (“-self, -selves”).

compound

Ireland’s largest party, Fianna Fáil, has said it will not consider going into government with Sinn Féin, a decision likely to prevent the leftwing nationalists from entering power for the first time.

2020 February 13, “Ireland: Fianna Fáil rules out coalition with Sinn Féin”, in The Guardian, sourced from Reuters, →ISSN:

(Irish politics) An Irish political party committed to the reunification of Ireland.


Sinn Féin

Shinn Féin (genitive)
Sinn Féin
Shinn Féin
tSinn Féin

/ʃɪnʲ fʲeːnʲ/


daffodil

en-noun

daffodil (countable and uncountable, plural daffodils)

daffodils (plural)
affodill (alternative)
daffadil (alternative)

Variant of Middle English affodill (“ramson”), from Medieval Latin affodillus, from Latin asphodelus, from Ancient Greek ἀσφόδελος (asphódelos), of Pre-Greek origin. The initial d- is perhaps from merging of the article in Dutch de affodil, the Netherlands being a source for bulbs (compare adder, apron, newt, nickname, orange and umpire for this rebracketing process). Doublet of asphodel.

When daffadils begin to peere, / With heigh the Doxy ouer the dale, / Why then comes in the ſweet o’ the yeere, / For the red blood raigns in yͤ winters pale.

c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii], page 290, column 1:

I wandered lonely as a Cloud / That floats on high o’er Vales and Hills, / When all at once I saw a crowd / A host of dancing Daffodills; / Along the Lake, beneath the trees, / Ten thousand dancing in the breeze.

1807, William Wordsworth, “[I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud]”, in Poems, in Two Volumes, volume II, London: […] Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], →OCLC, stanza 1, page 49:

Was there ever a more beautiful name in the world than daffodil? Say it over to yourself, and then say “agapanthus” or “chrysanthemum,” or anything else you please, and tell me if the daffodils do not have it.

1919 November 20, A[lan] A[lexander] Milne, “Daffodils”, in Not That It Matters, New York, N.Y.: E[dward] P[ayson] Dutton & Company […], published 1920, →OCLC, page 82:

(countable) A bulbous plant of the genus Narcissus, with yellow flowers and a trumpet shaped corona, especially Narcissus pseudonarcissus, the national flower of Wales.


Albion

« Attaquons dans ses eaux la perfide Albion. »

1793, Augustin Louis de Ximénès, L'Ère des Français:

"Let us attack perfidious Albion in her waters."

« Et la guerre ? Et les forfanteries de la perfide Albion tournant en eau de boudin ? Farce ! Farce ! »

1878, Gustave Flaubert, Correspondances:

"What about war? And what about the conceitedness of the perfidious Albion petering out? What a joke! What a joke!

« Perfide Albion je te maudis / Depuis le jour où tu m’as séduit / Je pense à toi en plein Paris / C’est malgré moi j’ai le mal de ton pays

1982, Yves Martin, Perfide Albion, Saban Records

"Damn you, Perfidious Albion / Since the day you seduced me / I think about you in the middle of Paris / It is in spite of myself that I am homesick for you"


Albion

Albion (nominative singular)
Albionu (genitive singular)
Albionowi (dative singular)
Albion (accusative singular)
Albionem (instrumental singular)
Albionie (locative singular)
Albionie (singular vocative)

mglisty Albion

(poetic) Albion (England (or sometimes the British Isles))


eisteddfod

eisteddfod (plural eisteddfods or eisteddfodau)

eisteddfods (plural)
eisteddfodau (plural)

Unadapted borrowing from Welsh eisteddfod (“session”), from eistedd (“to sit”) + bod (“to be”), literally “being sitting”.

affix

Any of several annual festivals in which Welsh poets, dancers, and musicians compete for recognition.


Cymry

Borrowed from Welsh Cymry, q.v. Cognate with English Cambrian and Cymric.

The natural conclusion is that the Silurians or Iberians, now represented by the little, dark Welshmen, are the oldest existing race in Wales, and, though now speaking Cymraeg, were long before the Cymry there.

1881, James Bonwick, Who Are the Welsh? (Our Nationalities; III), London: David Bogue, […], page 46:

“What brings you into our lands?” The strange looking barbarian asked again. / He was speaking Cymraeg, which means the language of the aborigines, or “the language of the first race.” It was the same language of the Cymry of which Cedric and his tribe was a people of.

2001, Jodie K. Scales, Of Kindred Celtic Origins, volumes 1 (Myths, Legends, Genealogy and History of an Ordinary American Family), Lincoln, Neb.: Writers Club Press, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 416:

(uncommon) Synonym of Welsh: the Welsh people collectively.