Gambia

Gambia (canonical)
the Gambia (canonical)

→ Japanese: ガンビア (Ganbia)


Gambia

/ɡá.ŋ́.bí.à/


Niger

→ Japanese: ナイジャ (Naija)

/niːˈʒɛə(ɹ)/

Commonly linked by folk etymology to Latin niger (“black”), which likely influenced the modern spelling.
Some sources give the term to Tuareg roots, deriving it from a claimed gher n-gheren or egereou n-igereouen (“river of rivers”). Compare Tarifit iɣzar-n-iɣezran.
Older sources derive Niger, via a series of mistranslations and geographic misplacements by Greek, Roman and Arab geographers, from Ptolemy's descriptions of the wadi Gir (in modern Algeria) and the "Lower Gir" (or "Ni-Gir") to the south.

From here we can see the River Niger in the distance running across town, a long gleaming diamond in the horizon.

2023, Stephen Buoro, The Five Sorrowful Mysteries of Andy Africa, Bloomsbury Circus, page 290:

A major river in West Africa that flows into the Gulf of Guinea in Nigeria.


Niger

cs-proper noun

Niger m inan (relational adjective nigerský, demonym Nigeřan)

nigerský (adjective relational)
Nigeřan (demonym)
Niger (nominative singular)
Nigeru (genitive singular)
Nigeru (dative singular)
Niger (accusative singular)
Nigere (singular vocative)
Nigeru (locative singular)
Nigerem (instrumental singular)

Niger (a major river in West Africa that flows into the Gulf of Guinea in Nigeria)


Niger

de-proper noun

der Niger m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Niger or des Nigers)

der Niger (canonical masculine)
des Niger (definite genitive)
des Nigers (definite genitive)


Niger

Niger (nominative singular)
Nigert (accusative singular)
Nigernek (dative singular)
Nigerrel (instrumental singular)
Nigerért (causal-final singular)
Nigerré (singular translative)
Nigerig (singular terminative)
Nigerként (essive-formal singular)
Nigerben (inessive singular)
Nigeren (singular superessive)
Nigernél (adessive singular)
Nigerbe (illative singular)
Nigerre (singular sublative)
Nigerhez (allative singular)
Nigerből (elative singular)
Nigerről (delative singular)
Nigertől (ablative singular)
Nigeré (singular)
Nigeréi (singular)
Nigerem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Nigered (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Nigere (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Nigerje (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Nigerünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Nigeretek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Nigerük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Nigerjük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)


Niger

la-proper noun

Niger m sg (genitive Nigris); third declension

Nigris (genitive)
Niger (nominative singular)
Nigris (genitive singular)
Nigrī (dative singular)
Nigrim (accusative singular)
Nigre (ablative singular)
Niger (singular vocative)

Efficit autem hoc suo flexu, ut etiam ultra Athlantem Africa ad usque Nigrim fluuium excurrat, Plinio & Ptolemaeo.

1534, Joachim Vadianus, Epitome trium terrae partium Asiae, Africae et Europae compendiariam...:


Niger

pl-proper noun

Niger m inan (related adjective nigerski)

nigerski (adjective)
Niger (nominative singular)
Nigru (genitive singular)
Nigrowi (dative singular)
Niger (accusative singular)
Nigrem (instrumental singular)
Nigrze (locative singular)
Nigrze (singular vocative)


Niger

Nȉger (canonical masculine)
Ни̏гер (Cyrillic)
Niger (nominative singular)
Nigera (genitive singular)
Nigeru (dative singular)
Niger (accusative singular)
Nigere (singular vocative)
Nigeru (locative singular)
Nigerom (instrumental singular)


Niger

Níger (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
Níger (nominative singular)
Nígera (genitive singular)
Nígeru (dative singular)
Níger (accusative singular)
Nígeru (locative singular)
Nígerom (instrumental singular)


Paraguay

Disputed; from Guaraní Payagua (“Pajagua tribe”) y (“water”) or para (“river”) guái (“crown”) or para (“river”) gua (“from”) y (“water”).

A river in South America that flows into the Paraná, through Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia and Argentina; in full, the Paraguay River.


Paraguay

Borrowed from Guaraní Paraguay, formed either from para (“sea”) + gúa (“bordering”) or from paraguã (“crown of feathers”) + y (“river”).

Paraguay River (a major river in South America)


Senegal

/ˌsɛn.ɪˈɡɔːl/

/ˌsɛn.ɪˈɡɑːl/

Probably from a Portuguese transliteration of the name of the Zenaga (possibly from Arabic زنجي (“Zanj, Negro”), from Persian زَنگ (“Land of the Blacks”) Etymology 3}. Or a combination of the supreme deity in Serer religion (Rog Sene) and o gal meaning body of water in the Serer language.

A river on the border between Senegal and Mauritania in West Africa.


Senegal

de-proper noun

der Senegal m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Senegals)

der Senegal (canonical masculine)
des Senegals (definite genitive)

Senegal (a river on the border between Senegal and Mauritania in West Africa)


Senegal

pl-proper noun

Senegal m inan (related adjective senegalski)

senegalski (adjective)
Senegal (nominative singular)
Senegalu (genitive singular)
Senegalowi (dative singular)
Senegal (accusative singular)
Senegalem (instrumental singular)
Senegalu (locative singular)
Senegalu (singular vocative)


Senegal

Sȅnegāl (canonical masculine)
Се̏нега̄л (Cyrillic)
Senegal (nominative singular)
Senegala (genitive singular)
Senegalu (dative singular)
Senegal (accusative singular)
Senegale (singular vocative)
Senegalu (locative singular)
Senegalom (instrumental singular)


Uruguay

Disputed, either:
* Guaraní urugua y (literally “water shellfish”), from urugua (“shellfish”) + y (“water”); or
* Guaraní uru gua y (literally “type of water bird”) from uru (“type of bird”) + gua (“from”) + y (“water”).

com

Uruguay River (a major river in South America)


Congo

Congo (canonical)
the Congo (canonical)
Congos (plural)

After Kongo, from Kongo nkongo (“hunter”). Compare Kongo dikongo (“spear”), Zulu umkhonto, Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀kóndó.

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

A major river in Central Africa which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, at times forming the border with the Republic of the Congo and Angola.


Congo

Congo (a major river in Central Africa which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, at times forming the border with the Republic of the Congo and Angola)


Jordan

en-proper noun

Jordan (countable and uncountable, plural Jordans)

From Latin Iordanēs, from Ancient Greek Ἰορδάνης (Iordánēs), from Biblical Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (yardén, “Jordan (river)”). Doublet of Yarden.

der

A river in Western Asia, in the Middle East, that empties into the Dead Sea, flowing through Israel, the Golan Heights, the West Bank and Jordan.


Jordan

From Latin Iordanes, from Ancient Greek Ἰορδάνης (Iordánēs), from Biblical Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (yardén, “Jordan (river)”). The given name is from Michael Jordan.

Jordan (a river in Western Asia, in the Middle East, that empties into the Dead Sea, flowing through Israel, the Golan Heights, the West Bank and Jordan)


Jordan

Jordan (nominative singular)
Jordan (accusative nominative singular)
Jordanin (accusative genitive singular)
Jordanin (genitive singular)
Jordania (partitive singular)
Jordanissa (inessive singular)
Jordanista (elative singular)
Jordaniin (illative singular)
Jordanilla (adessive singular)
Jordanilta (ablative singular)
Jordanille (allative singular)
Jordanina (essive singular)
Jordaniksi (singular translative)
Jordanitta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Jordanini (nominative singular)
Jordanini (accusative nominative singular)
Jordanini (accusative genitive singular)
Jordanini (genitive singular)
Jordaniani (partitive singular)
Jordanissani (inessive singular)
Jordanistani (elative singular)
Jordaniini (illative singular)
Jordanillani (adessive singular)
Jordaniltani (ablative singular)
Jordanilleni (allative singular)
Jordaninani (essive singular)
Jordanikseni (singular translative)
Jordanittani (abessive singular)
Jordanisi (nominative singular)
Jordanisi (accusative nominative singular)
Jordanisi (accusative genitive singular)
Jordanisi (genitive singular)
Jordaniasi (partitive singular)
Jordanissasi (inessive singular)
Jordanistasi (elative singular)
Jordaniisi (illative singular)
Jordanillasi (adessive singular)
Jordaniltasi (ablative singular)
Jordanillesi (allative singular)
Jordaninasi (essive singular)
Jordaniksesi (singular translative)
Jordanittasi (abessive singular)
Jordanimme (nominative singular)
Jordanimme (accusative nominative singular)
Jordanimme (accusative genitive singular)
Jordanimme (genitive singular)
Jordaniamme (partitive singular)
Jordanissamme (inessive singular)
Jordanistamme (elative singular)
Jordaniimme (illative singular)
Jordanillamme (adessive singular)
Jordaniltamme (ablative singular)
Jordanillemme (allative singular)
Jordaninamme (essive singular)
Jordaniksemme (singular translative)
Jordanittamme (abessive singular)
Jordaninne (nominative singular)
Jordaninne (accusative nominative singular)
Jordaninne (accusative genitive singular)
Jordaninne (genitive singular)
Jordanianne (partitive singular)
Jordanissanne (inessive singular)
Jordanistanne (elative singular)
Jordaniinne (illative singular)
Jordanillanne (adessive singular)
Jordaniltanne (ablative singular)
Jordanillenne (allative singular)
Jordaninanne (essive singular)
Jordaniksenne (singular translative)
Jordanittanne (abessive singular)
Jordaninsa (nominative singular)
Jordaninsa (accusative nominative singular)
Jordaninsa (accusative genitive singular)
Jordaninsa (genitive singular)
Jordaniaan (partitive singular)
Jordaniansa (partitive singular)
Jordanissaan (inessive singular)
Jordanissansa (inessive singular)
Jordanistaan (elative singular)
Jordanistansa (elative singular)
Jordaniinsa (illative singular)
Jordanillaan (adessive singular)
Jordanillansa (adessive singular)
Jordaniltaan (ablative singular)
Jordaniltansa (ablative singular)
Jordanilleen (allative singular)
Jordanillensa (allative singular)
Jordaninaan (essive singular)
Jordaninansa (essive singular)
Jordanikseen (singular translative)
Jordaniksensa (singular translative)
Jordanittaan (abessive singular)
Jordanittansa (abessive singular)


Jordan

de-proper noun

der Jordan m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Jordan or des Jordans)

der Jordan (canonical masculine)
des Jordan (definite genitive)
des Jordans (definite genitive)

one of several brooks or small rivers in Germany


Jordan

From Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (yardén), and Arabic الأردن (“al-'urdunn”).


Jordan

Jòrdan (canonical masculine)
Јо̀рдан (Cyrillic)
Jordan (nominative singular)
Jordana (genitive singular)
Jordanu (dative singular)
Jordan (accusative singular)
Jordane (singular vocative)
Jordanu (locative singular)
Jordanom (instrumental singular)


Jordan

From Old Swedish Iordan. Cognate with Old Danish Jordanus (partially latinized).


Moldova

Unclear; see Romanian Moldova for theories.

Moldava (alternative)
Moldavia (alternative)
Moldovia (alternative)


Moldova

Moldovă (accusative indefinite nominative)
Moldova (accusative definite nominative)
Moldove (indefinite)
Moldovei (definite)
Moldovă (vocative)
Moldovo (vocative)
Молдова (alternative)

Of unclear origin. The suffix -ova is probably of Slavic origin. Theories about the first element:
* It is possibly ultimately from Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌻𐌳𐌰 (mulda, “dust, mud”) (possibly Moldavia); compare the river Mulde in Germany and Moldau, the German name of the river Vltava, which may be of related origin.
* Alternatively, it may be related to Romanian molid (“spruce”), though the loss of the i in this word is difficult to explain.
* A folk etymology, according to Dimitrie Cantemir, says the name of the Moldova River comes from Prince Dragoș, after his hound Molda, who drowned in it while attempting to hunt an aurochs.
* The Romanian people may have called themselves "Moldoveni" or "Munteni" (literally "of the mountains") so Moldova may alternatively derive from a Thracian-Illyrian language, from *mol (“mountain”) + *dava (“town”).
For more theories see Name of Moldova on Wikipedia.Wikipedia


Montreal

/ˌmɔ̃ɹeɪˈæl/

From French Montréal; from Mont Royal (“Mount Royal”) (mont + royal), after the nearby hill by Jacques Cartier. It is uncertain how Royal became -real. A common explanation is that real is the Middle French form of Royal, but Cartier himself recorded le mont Royal when he named it. It may have perhaps been from the Italian G.B. Rasmusio's 1556 map translating the name to Italian Monte Real.

A river in Algoma and Sudbury districts, Ontario, Canada.

A river in Timiskaming district, Ontario, Canada.

A river in No. 18, Saskatchewan, Canada.

A river on the Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, United States.

A river in northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, United States.


Amazonas

Amazonas m (proper noun, strong, genitive Amazonas)

Amazonas (genitive)
Amazonas (nominative singular)
Amazonas (genitive singular)
Amazonas (dative singular)
Amazonas (accusative singular)


Amazonas

Amazonas (nominative singular)
Amazonast (accusative singular)
Amazonasnak (dative singular)
Amazonasszal (instrumental singular)
Amazonasért (causal-final singular)
Amazonasszá (singular translative)
Amazonasig (singular terminative)
Amazonasként (essive-formal singular)
Amazonasban (inessive singular)
Amazonason (singular superessive)
Amazonasnál (adessive singular)
Amazonasba (illative singular)
Amazonasra (singular sublative)
Amazonashoz (allative singular)
Amazonasból (elative singular)
Amazonasról (delative singular)
Amazonastól (ablative singular)
Amazonasé (singular)
Amazonaséi (singular)
Amazonasom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Amazonasod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Amazonasa (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Amazonasunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Amazonasotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Amazonasuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)


Amazonas

pt-proper noun

Amazonas m or (archaic) f pl (sometimes plural only, in variation)

Amazon (a river in northern South America)


Amazonas

→⇒ Ye'kwana: Amasonanña


Sergipe

From Brazilian Portuguese Sergipe, from an Old Tupi term meaning "river of the crab".


Sergipe

Borrowed from Old Tupi seriîype (“at the crab river”).


Paraná

/ˌpæ.ɹəˈnɑː/

From Spanish Paraná or Portuguese Paraná, both from Old Tupi paranã (“river”).

A river in central and southern South America.


Paraná

Borrowed from Spanish Paraná or Portuguese Paraná, both from Old Tupi paranã (“river”).

Paraná (a river in central and southern South America)


Paraná

de-proper noun

Paraná m (proper noun, strong, genitive Paranás)


Paraná

→ Hunsrik: Paranaa

Eduardo de Almeida Navarro
Língua Geral Paulista
pt:Paraná

From Língua Geral Paulista paraná (“river”), from Old Tupi paranã (“sea”). Doublet of paraná.
The toponyms were named after the river.


Paraná

Borrowed from Old Tupi paranã (“river”).


Saskatchewan

/səˈskæt͡ʃ.əˌwɑːn/

From Cree ᑭᓯᐢᑳᒋᐘᓂ ᓰᐱᕀ (kisiskâciwani-sîpiy, “swift-flowing river”). The province is named after the river, which flows through it.

der

A major river in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada.


Saskatchewan

Saskatchewan (nominative singular)
Saskatchewan (accusative nominative singular)
Saskatchewanin (accusative genitive singular)
Saskatchewanin (genitive singular)
Saskatchewania (partitive singular)
Saskatchewanissa (inessive singular)
Saskatchewanista (elative singular)
Saskatchewaniin (illative singular)
Saskatchewanilla (adessive singular)
Saskatchewanilta (ablative singular)
Saskatchewanille (allative singular)
Saskatchewanina (essive singular)
Saskatchewaniksi (singular translative)
Saskatchewanitta (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Saskatchewanini (nominative singular)
Saskatchewanini (accusative nominative singular)
Saskatchewanini (accusative genitive singular)
Saskatchewanini (genitive singular)
Saskatchewaniani (partitive singular)
Saskatchewanissani (inessive singular)
Saskatchewanistani (elative singular)
Saskatchewaniini (illative singular)
Saskatchewanillani (adessive singular)
Saskatchewaniltani (ablative singular)
Saskatchewanilleni (allative singular)
Saskatchewaninani (essive singular)
Saskatchewanikseni (singular translative)
Saskatchewanittani (abessive singular)
Saskatchewanisi (nominative singular)
Saskatchewanisi (accusative nominative singular)
Saskatchewanisi (accusative genitive singular)
Saskatchewanisi (genitive singular)
Saskatchewaniasi (partitive singular)
Saskatchewanissasi (inessive singular)
Saskatchewanistasi (elative singular)
Saskatchewaniisi (illative singular)
Saskatchewanillasi (adessive singular)
Saskatchewaniltasi (ablative singular)
Saskatchewanillesi (allative singular)
Saskatchewaninasi (essive singular)
Saskatchewaniksesi (singular translative)
Saskatchewanittasi (abessive singular)
Saskatchewanimme (nominative singular)
Saskatchewanimme (accusative nominative singular)
Saskatchewanimme (accusative genitive singular)
Saskatchewanimme (genitive singular)
Saskatchewaniamme (partitive singular)
Saskatchewanissamme (inessive singular)
Saskatchewanistamme (elative singular)
Saskatchewaniimme (illative singular)
Saskatchewanillamme (adessive singular)
Saskatchewaniltamme (ablative singular)
Saskatchewanillemme (allative singular)
Saskatchewaninamme (essive singular)
Saskatchewaniksemme (singular translative)
Saskatchewanittamme (abessive singular)
Saskatchewaninne (nominative singular)
Saskatchewaninne (accusative nominative singular)
Saskatchewaninne (accusative genitive singular)
Saskatchewaninne (genitive singular)
Saskatchewanianne (partitive singular)
Saskatchewanissanne (inessive singular)
Saskatchewanistanne (elative singular)
Saskatchewaniinne (illative singular)
Saskatchewanillanne (adessive singular)
Saskatchewaniltanne (ablative singular)
Saskatchewanillenne (allative singular)
Saskatchewaninanne (essive singular)
Saskatchewaniksenne (singular translative)
Saskatchewanittanne (abessive singular)
Saskatchewaninsa (nominative singular)
Saskatchewaninsa (accusative nominative singular)
Saskatchewaninsa (accusative genitive singular)
Saskatchewaninsa (genitive singular)
Saskatchewaniaan (partitive singular)
Saskatchewaniansa (partitive singular)
Saskatchewanissaan (inessive singular)
Saskatchewanissansa (inessive singular)
Saskatchewanistaan (elative singular)
Saskatchewanistansa (elative singular)
Saskatchewaniinsa (illative singular)
Saskatchewanillaan (adessive singular)
Saskatchewanillansa (adessive singular)
Saskatchewaniltaan (ablative singular)
Saskatchewaniltansa (ablative singular)
Saskatchewanilleen (allative singular)
Saskatchewanillensa (allative singular)
Saskatchewaninaan (essive singular)
Saskatchewaninansa (essive singular)
Saskatchewanikseen (singular translative)
Saskatchewaniksensa (singular translative)
Saskatchewanittaan (abessive singular)
Saskatchewanittansa (abessive singular)

[ˈs̠ɑ̝s̠kɑ̝t̪ˌʃe̞ʋɑ̝n]

Saskatchewan River
Saskatchewan River#English

Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan River (a major river in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada)


Saskatchewan

Borrowing from Cree kisiskāciwani-sīpiy (“swift-flowing river”).


Saskatchewan

la-proper noun

Saskatchewan f sg (genitive Saskatchewanis); third declension

Saskatchewanis (genitive)
Saskatchewan (nominative singular)
Saskatchewanis (genitive singular)
Saskatchewanī (dative singular)
Saskatchewanem (accusative singular)
Saskatchewane (ablative singular)
Saskatchewan (singular vocative)
Saskatchewanī (locative singular)
Saskatchewane (locative singular)

Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan River (a major river in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada)


Saskatchewan

Saskatchewan (nominative singular-only)
Saskatchewanu (genitive singular-only)
Saskatchewanu (dative singular-only)
Saskatchewan (accusative singular-only)
Saskatchewane (locative singular-only)
Saskatchewanom (instrumental singular-only)


Brisbane

Brisbane
Brisbane River
Sir Thomas Brisbane

From Scottish Gaelic bris (“break, smash”) + Old English bān (“bone”), a nickname given to someone who was often involved in fights, resulting in the breaking of bones. The city and river in Australia are named after Sir Thomas Brisbane, 1773–1860; governor of New South Wales (which at the time included the area of modern Queensland) from 1821 to 1825.

A river that flows through the city in Queensland; in full, the Brisbane River.


Perth

From Scottish Gaelic Peairt, from Pictish *ᚚᚓᚏᚈ (pert) meaning “wood, copse, thicket”, related to Welsh perth and perhaps Proto-Celtic *kʷerxtā (from Proto-Indo-European *pérkʷus (“oak”).

A river in the Southern Alps West Coast region, New Zealand, a tributary of the Whataroa.


Adelaide

→ Greek: Άντελαϊντ (Ántelaïnt)

Borrowed from French Adélaïde, from Old High German Adalheidis (from adal (“noble”) + -heit (“nature, character”)), modern German Adelheid; doublet of Alice.

Adelaide (given name)
Adelaide River
Adelaide, South Australia

Queen Adelaide
w:Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen

William IV
w:William IV of the United Kingdom

Northern Territory
Northern Territory#English

Places named for Queen Adelaide, consort of William IV.

A river in the Northern Territory, Australia, known for its large population of saltwater crocodiles.


Winnipeg

/ˈwɪn.əˌpɛɡ/

* From Ojibwe wiinibig (“dirty waters”), from wiini’ (“to make someone dirty”), wiinad (“it is dirty”), + nibi (“water”), plural nibig (“waters”).
* After the lake, from Cree/Swampy Cree ᐑᓂᐯᐠ (“muddy waters”), describing the river's water entering the lake (CanOD).

Winnipeg (disambiguation)
Winnipeg, Manitoba

A river that flows 813 km from Lake of the Woods, Ontario into Lake Winnipeg in Manitoba; in full, Winnipeg River.


Winnipeg

Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye

* From English Winnipeg; see English etymology for more information. Rendered as Ouinipigon by La Vérendrye.

Winnipeg (a major river in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada; in full, Winnipeg River)


Ottawa

→ French: Ottawa

→ Japanese: オタワ

desctree

→ Russian: Оттава (Ottava)
→ Armenian: Օտտավա (Ōttava)

[ˈɔɾ̥əwa(ː)]

From Ojibwe odaawaa/ᐅᑡᐙ (“an Ottawa; a trader”), from Proto-Algonquian *atawewa (“to trade”).

Odawa (alternative)
Odaawaa (alternative)
Ottowa (alternative)

St. Lawrence River
St. Lawrence River#English

A river flowing southeast between Ontario and Quebec, Canada into the St. Lawrence River.


Ottawa

cs-proper noun

Ottawa f (relational adjective ottawský)

ottawský (adjective relational)
Ottawa (nominative singular)
Ottawy (genitive singular)
Ottawě (dative singular)
Ottawu (accusative singular)
Ottawo (singular vocative)
Ottawě (locative singular)
Ottawou (instrumental singular)

Ottawa (a river flowing southeast between Ontario and Quebec, Canada into the St. Lawrence River)


Kelantan

Unadapted borrowing from Malay Kelantan.


Leon

David Camden de Leon
Independence, Iowa
Juan Ponce de Leon
Legio VII Gemina
Martín De León
Mexican–American War

From Spanish León, from Latin legiō (“legion”), named for the Legio VII Gemina, which settled there. In reference to the New York town and Texan river, taken from the former Spanish kingdom. The Texan lake is named for the river. The Floridian county is named for the Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon. The Texan county is named for Martin de Leon, founder of Victoria, Texas. The town in Monroe Co., Wisconsin, was named for the Mexican city. The Iowan town was changed to honor the "Fighting Doctor" of the Mexican–American War David Camden de Leon after it was discovered that Iowa already had a city named Independence. The Kansan town was named for the one in Iowa. Doublet of legion via Old French. The California town was named for the nearby Leon Mine.


Rom

A short river in Greater London which flows into the River Thames.


婺

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *moɡs): phonetic 敄 (OC *moʔ, *mos) + semantic 女 (“woman”).


岷

(～江) Min River (a river in Sichuan Province, China)


敦

Originally written 𦎫 in oracle bone script and bronze script, an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 亯 (“ancestral shrine”) + 羊 (“sheep”). According to Ma Rusen (馬如森), the character represents a cooked goat used as a sacrifice. According to Ma Xulun (馬敍倫) and Yang Shuda (楊樹達), the character's original meanings was "to cook" and is the original form of 燉.
Later used to mean “to force; to compel” and came to be written with 攴, making the modern form an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns): phonetic 𦎫 + semantic 攴 (“hand”). The character 燉 was graphically shaped after the modern version.
; “thick; earnest; plentiful; large”
* 焞 (OC *tʰuːn, *djun, “ample, complete”)
* 醇 (OC *djun, “pure, unadulterated, generous”)
* 淳 (OC *djun, “ample”)
* 肫 (OC *tjun, “sincere, diligent”).
; “Tun”

och-l

㪟
𦎫
𦎧
𣀦
𢼪
𠧈
𠧉


沃

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qoːwɢ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 夭 (OC *qoːwʔ, *qrow, *qrowʔ) – to irrigate with water.


沌

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ): semantic 氵 + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun).


沭

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɦljud): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 朮 (OC *l'ud, *ɦljud).

Han compound

Shu River (a river in Shandong and Jiangsu, China)


河

Wutunhua: xhe

Hejin
Tong Pass
Xiongnu language
Yeniseian languages
Zhengzhou

Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡaːl): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ).
Originally particularly used for the Yellow River, with other rivers known as 水 (OC *qʰʷljilʔ). Later extended generally as a word for rivers in northern China but the influence of 江 (OC *kroːŋ, “Yangtze River; river in southern China”) has meant that modern usage tends to favor it for shorter rivers and creeks except in historical cases.
Further etymology uncertain. Various hypotheses have been proposed:
* Sino-Tibetan. Either:
** Cognate with Tibetan རྒལ (rgal, “to cross, to traverse”) (Coblin, 1986), or
** Derived from 湖 (OC *ɡaː, “lake”) (Matisoff, 1995), or
** that the Yellow River's name stems from the shape, which resembles an adze handle 柯 (OC *kaːl), of a stretch spanning 500 to 600 kilometers "from Héjīn, Tóngguān to east of Zhèngzhōu" (Takashima, 2012).
* A Mongolic loan. Compare Proto-Mongolic *gowl (“river”) > Mongolian ᠭᠣᠣᠯ (ɣool, “river”) (Norman and Mei, 1976). This was argued against in Zhang (1998).
** Miyake (2017) surmises that Proto-Mongolic *gowl (“river”) and 河 (OC *[C.g]ˤaj < *[C.g]ˤal)), even if related, might have come from a third source language, e.g. Xiongnu. If so, compare also Proto-Yeniseian *xur₁ (“water”) in light of speculated Xiongnu's linguistic affinity with the Yeniseian languages.

cog

Yellow River, Huang He (a major river in northern China, passing through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces as well as Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions)

(obsolete, Chinese mythology) Hebo; the god of the Yellow River

(obsolete, Chinese mythology) Yellow River's Map; the plan of the Yellow River (mystic diagram said to have been supernaturally revealed)

河南

Moles drink from the He [river]; yet cannot overfill their bellies

偃鼠飲河，不過滿腹。

偃鼠饮河，不过满腹。

What are the six rivers called? They are named He River, Red River, Liao River, Black River, Jiang River, and Huai River.

Hé wèi liùshuǐ? Yuē héshuǐ, chìshuǐ, liáoshuǐ, hēishuǐ, jiāngshuǐ, huáishuǐ.

何謂六水？曰河水、赤水、遼水、黑水、江水、淮水。

何谓六水？曰河水、赤水、辽水、黑水、江水、淮水。


泒

Han char

泒 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水竹女人 (EHVO), four-corner 3213₀, composition ⿰氵瓜)


泖

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mruːʔ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ).


泗

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hljids): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 四 (OC *hljids).


泜

Han char

泜 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水竹心一 (EHPM) or 水竹女戈 (EHVI), four-corner 3214₀, composition ⿰氵氐)

水竹心一 (cangjie-input)
水竹女戈 (cangjie-input)
⿰氵氐 (composition)


泿

(～水) an ancient river in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region


洈

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *krolʔ, *ŋrol): semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 危 (OC *ŋrol).


洋

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (洋):
* → Japanese: 洋(よう) (yō)
* → Korean: 양(洋) (yang)
* → Vietnamese: dương (洋)

→ Zhuang: yangz

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ljaŋ, *laŋ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ).
; “multitudinous; vast; ocean”: Schuessler (2007) compares it with Tibetan ཡངས་པ (yangs pa, “wide; extensive; vast; spacious”). In contrast, Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lɨ̆ŋ (“wave”), encompassing this and Tibetan ཀློང (klong, “space; expanse; wave”), Burmese လှိုင်း (hluing:, “wave; to abound; plentiful”).
: Compare 羕 (OC *laŋs, “(of rivers) long”), 漾 (OC *laŋs, “waves; (of rivers) long”).
; "vast expanse of flat land"

cog

(historical) a river in southern Shaanxi, China


洨

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡreːw): semantic 水 (“river; water”) + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw).

Han compound

(～水, ～河) Xiao River (a river in Hebei, China)

(～水) (historical) Xiao River (a river in Anhui, China; modern Tuo River)


浙

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔljed): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 折 (OC *l'eːl, *ʔljed, *ɦljed).

Han compound

(～江) (historical) Zhe River (the former name of the Qiantang River in Zhejiang, China)


涇

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡeŋʔ, *keːŋ): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ)


涪

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *bɯ): semantic 氵 + phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs).

Han compound

(～江) Fu River (a river in Sichuan and Chongqing, China)


淦

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kɯːm, *kɯːms): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 金 (OC *krɯm).


渜

name of an ancient river in Hebei province


渦

Guo River (a river in Henan and Anhui, China)


渫

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *zreːb, *sled): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 枼 (OC *leb).

Han compound

(～水) Xie River (a river in Shimen County, Hunan, China)


渭

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢuds): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 胃 (OC *ɢuds)


湋

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢʷɯl): semantic 水 (“river”) + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl).


溚

(historical) An ancient river located in modern-day northwestern Shandong, China.


溳

(～水) a river in Hubei, part of the Han River


滃

(～江) a tributary of the Bei River, Guangdong, China


滇

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a river in Henan


漣

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ren): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 連 (OC *ren)


漳

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kjaŋ): semantic 水 + phonetic 章 (OC *kjaŋ).

Han compound

(～河) Zhang River (river flowing from Shanxi to Hebei)


潘

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (潘):
* → Korean: 반(潘) (ban)
* → Vietnamese: Phan (潘)

→ English: Pan, Poon, Pun, Phua

→ Mandarin: ㄆㄨㄣ (pūn) (Taiwanese slang from Hokkien)

→ Tagalog: Pua (via Hokkien)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰaːn): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban).


澧

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *riːʔ): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ).

Han compound

(～水) Lishui River (a river in Hunan, China)

(～河, ～水) Lihe River (a river in Henan, China)


濂

Han char

濂 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 水戈廿金 (EITC) or 難水戈廿金 (XEITC), four-corner 3013₇, composition ⿰氵廉)

水戈廿金 (cangjie-input)
難水戈廿金 (cangjie-input)
⿰氵廉 (composition)


濂

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡ·reːm): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 廉 (OC *ɡ·rem)


瀟

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sɯːw): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 蕭 (OC *sɯːw).

Han compound

(～水) Xiao River (a river in Hunan, China)


瀧

Baxter's transcription for Middle Chinese

Resemblance to Vietnamese sông – which is from Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ – is coincidental, for in the early 11th century CE 瀧 (MC sraewng) (Baxter) already possesed retroflex fricative initial 生 (as indicated by pronunciation 所江切 in Guangyun [1007 - 1008 CE]); meanwhile, as seen in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) [12th century CE], Old Vietnamese clusters */Cr-/ had not yet become a retroflex fricative ancestral to Modern Vietnamese ‹s-›.

defdate

1007 - 1008 <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>

defdate

12th century <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>


瀼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *njaŋ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 襄 (OC *snaŋ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-naːŋ (“heavy; thick (of liquids); viscous”); cognate with Mizo hnâng (“thick; viscous”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Coblin (1986) also compares this with Burmese နှင်း (hnang:, “dew; mist”).

inh

(～河) Rang River (a river in Henan, China)


灃

Han char

灃 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+18, 21 strokes, cangjie input 水山十廿 (EUJT), four-corner 3511₈, composition ⿰氵豐)

Feng (a river in Shaanxi Province, China)


灉

灉 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+18, 21 strokes, cangjie input 水女山土 (EVUG), four-corner 3011₄, composition ⿰氵雝)


灕

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *rel): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 離 (OC *reːls, *rel, *rels).

Han compound

(～江, ～水) Li River (a river in the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


贛

In the bronze script, it was attested as 𬔧, an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 章 (“jade ornament”) + 丮 (“to hold”) – holding a jade ornament > “to bestow”. The 丮 component corrupts into 欠 or 次, and later to 夂 or a variant with 二 under 夂. An additional semantic component 貝 (“cowrie; money”) was often added. The 二 and 貝 components combine to form an emergent phonetic component 貢 (OC *koːŋs).
Shuowen reinterprets it as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms): abbreviated phonetic 竷 (OC *kʰluːms) + semantic 貝 (“shell; money”), but this is not supported by earlier scripts.

Han compound

赣
贑/𫎬
𥫔
灨
⿱夂贡
赣
贑/𫎬

(～江, ～水) Gan River (a river in Jiangxi, China)


Ankara

From Turkish Ankara and Ottoman Turkish آنقره (Ankara), from Byzantine Greek and Ancient Greek Ἄγκυρα (Ánkura), from ἄγκυρα (ánkura, “anchor, hook”) in reference to the bend in the Çölova River before it merges with the Cubuk to become the Ankara but probably also calquing a local name ultimately derived from Hittite [script needed] (Ankuwaš), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enk- (“elbow, bend, curve”). The river and province are named for the city. Doublet of Angora, angle, and anchor.

der

A small river in Ankara Province, Turkey near the city, a tributary of the Sakarya.


Ankara

Ankara (nominative singular)
Ankaralar (nominative plural)
Ankara'lar (nominative plural)
Ankara'yı (accusative singular)
Ankaraları (accusative plural)
Ankara'ları (accusative plural)
Ankara'ya (dative singular)
Ankaralara (dative plural)
Ankara'lara (dative plural)
Ankara'da (locative singular)
Ankaralarda (locative plural)
Ankara'larda (locative plural)
Ankara'dan (ablative singular)
Ankaralardan (ablative plural)
Ankara'lardan (ablative plural)
Ankara'nın (genitive singular)
Ankaraların (genitive plural)
Ankara'ların (genitive plural)

From Ottoman Turkish آنقره (Ankara), from Byzantine Greek and Ancient Greek Ἄγκυρα (Ánkura), from ἄγκυρα (ánkura, “anchor, hook”) in reference to the bend in the Çölova River before it merges with the Çubuk to become the Ankara but probably also calquing a local name ultimately derived from Hittite [script needed] (Ankuwaš), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng- (“elbow, bend, curve”).

Ankara (a small river in Ankara Province, Turkey near the city, a tributary of the Sakarya)


郪

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sʰiːl, *sʰil): phonetic 妻 (OC *sʰiːl, *sʰiːls) + semantic 邑 (“city”).

Han compound

(～江) Qi River (a river in Sichuan, China)


閩

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mrɯn, *mɯn): phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn) + semantic 虫 (“snake”). The 虫 radical was a common component of the names of barbarians (Schuessler, 2007), probably reflecting the Min people's worship of snakes (Li, 2017).
Matisoff (2003) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b/m-ruːl (“snake”), but this comparison is no longer held in STEDT.
In most modern Min dialects and some other southern dialects (including Hakka and Xiang), it is read with a level tone (平聲), which is the expected reflex based on rime dictionaries. In Mandarin and the remaining southern dialects, it is read with a rising tone (上聲), probably due to analogy with the phonetic component of 閔 (MC minX) (Li, 2017).

Han compound

(～江) Min River (a river in Fujian, China)


鰲

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋaːw): phonetic 敖 (OC *ŋaːw) + semantic 魚 (“fish”)
Possibly a back-formation from 黿 (OC *ŋoːn, *ŋon, “large turtle”) with final -n discarded due to folk etymology (Schuessler, 2007).


Rhine

From Middle English Rine, Ryne, from Old English Rīn (“the Rhine”), from Middle High German and Old High German Rīn, from Proto-West Germanic *Rīn, from Proto-Germanic *Rīnaz, from Gaulish Rēnos, from a Pre-Celtic or Proto-Celtic *reinos; one of a class of river names built from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to move, flow, run”).
Cognate with Old High German Rīn ("the Rhine"; > German Rhein), Old Norse Rín (“the Rhine”), Dutch Rijn (“the Rhine”). Related also to Latin rivus ("river"), in Celtic with an -n- suffix as in Old Irish rīan (“run”) (more at run).
The spelling with Rh- is due to the influence of Ancient Greek Ῥῆνος (Rhênos) (via French Rhin).

gloss

"the Rhine"; > German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Rhein</i>

A major river in western Europe, which flows through Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Germany, France and the Netherlands, before emptying into the North Sea.


Schelde

The river Scheldt (a river in France, Belgium and the Netherlands)


Schelde

de-proper noun

die Schelde f (proper noun, usually definite, definite genitive der Schelde)

die Schelde (canonical feminine)
der Schelde (definite genitive)

Scheldt (a river in France, Belgium and the Netherlands, emptying into the North Sea)


Orne

en-proper noun

Orne (countable and uncountable, plural Ornes)

A river in Normandy, France, flowing through the departments of Orne and Calvados.


Orne

From Latin olinas, a homonym of Fluvius Olne, of Celtic origin, from Proto-Celtic *olīnā (“elbow”).

Orne (a river in Normandy, France, flowing through the departments of Orne and Calvados)


Florida

New York City, Philadelphia, traditional Eastern New England (except for Boston), Ireland

From Spanish florida (“flowery”), often referring to a place's abundance of flowers. The state's name specifically is a shortening of la Florida (“the flowery one”) or Pascua Florida (“flowery Easter”). It is the oldest surviving European-given place-name in the US. The village in Orange County, New York was named in the 1760s from Latin flōrida (“flowery”).

Alabama · Alaska · Arizona · Arkansas · California · Colorado · Connecticut · Delaware · Florida · Georgia · Hawaii · Idaho · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Louisiana · Maine · Maryland · Massachusetts · Michigan · Minnesota · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · Nevada · New Hampshire · New Jersey · New Mexico · New York · North Carolina · North Dakota · Ohio · Oklahoma · Oregon · Pennsylvania · Rhode Island · South Carolina · South Dakota · Tennessee · Texas · Utah · Vermont · Virginia · Washington · West Virginia · Wisconsin · Wyoming

American Samoa · Guam · Northern Mariana Islands · Puerto Rico · United States minor outlying islands · United States Virgin Islands

A river in Colorado, flowing from Lillie Lake in the Weminuche Wilderness into the Animas near Durango.


Kabul

Cabool (alternative)
Cabul (alternative)
Caubool (alternative)
Caubul (alternative)
Kabol (alternative)

A river rising in the Hindu Kush of northeastern Maidan Wardak, Afghanistan and flowing roughly 700 kilometers before merging into the Indus river at Attock, Pakistan.


Los Angeles

/lɔs ˈæŋɡələs/

/loʊs ˈæŋɡələs/

An anglicized form of Spanish Pueblo de los Ángeles (City of the Angels), a clipping of Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de Porciúncula (“Town of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels of Porziuncola”), taken from the Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí's name for the nearby Los Angeles River, first sighted by the Portolá expedition on August 2, the feast day of the dedication of the chapel of Porziuncola (from Latin portiuncula, “little portion”) in Santa Maria degli Angeli (Italian for “Saint Mary of the Angels”) near Assisi, Italy, where St Francis began his order.

Los Angeles River
Los Angeles River#English

A river in Los Angeles, California, United States; in full, Los Angeles River.


Maine

Gallia Celtica
Maine (disambiguation)
Maine (province)
Maine (state)

The US state is from French Maine, named by its French explorers after the province in France with the same name; unrelated to the name of the river that flows through it. From Old French Cemaine, from Latin *Cenomania, from the name of the Gaulish Cenomani tribe of Gallia Celtica. The word was rebracketed as ce (“this”) + Maine, and the ce- was lost by the 12th century.

A river in Maine, United States, flowing 5.5 miles from Pocomoonshine Lake in Princeton into Crawford Lake in Crawford.


Maine

Maine (disambiguation)
Maine (province)
Maine (river)
Maine (state)

From French Maine, from earlier Maienne, from Latin Meduāna, of uncertain origin. Doublet of Mayenne. Unrelated to the French province of the same name.

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

A river in Maine-et-Loire department, Pays de la Loire, France, a tributary of the Loire, flowing 12 km through the city of Angers from the confluence of the Mayenne and Sarthe into the Loire.


Maine

Maine (disambiguation)
Maine (province)
Maine (state)
River Maine (County Kerry)

A river in County Kerry, Ireland, flowing 43 km from Tobermaing into the Atlantic at Castlemaine.


Maine

Maine (disambiguation)
Maine (province)
Maine (state)

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

Alternative form of Main: A river in County Antrim, Northern Ireland.


Maine

Maine (a river in Maine-et-Loire department, Pays de la Loire, France, a tributary of the Loire, flowing 12 km through the city of Angers from the confluence of the Mayenne and Sarthe into the Loire)


Maine

From earlier Maienne, from Latin Meduāna, of uncertain origin. Doublet of Mayenne.


Vancouver

en-prop

Vancouver (countable and uncountable, plural Vancouvers)

George Vancouver
Vancouver
Vancouver Expedition
Vancouver, Washington

The family name is from the Dutch place name Coevorden (“the place where cows ford the river”) via the Dutch family name van Coevorden (“a person from Coevorden”). The place names are derived from the family name, being named after George Vancouver, an English explorer who charted the northwestern Pacific coast of North America in a 1791–1794 expedition.

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

A river in southern British Columbia, Canada.


Dane

From Middle English Dane, from Old Norse danir. Displaced native Old English Dene. Both forms ultimately descend from Proto-Germanic *daniz.

A river, the River Dane, in Cheshire, England, which joins the River Weaver at Northwich.


Lao

From Latin Laus, from Ancient Greek Λαός (Laós), likely ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to wash”), common in hydronyms. The first vowel may have derived from an O-grade or from the zero-grade, depending on the language it was borrowed through.


Sofia

From Malagasy Sofia of uncertain origin. The region is named for the river.


Brent

en-proper noun

Brent (countable and uncountable, plural Brents)

English surname from placenames in Devon and Somerset, from Old English brant (“steep”), referring to hills. Compare Brents.

Only by the wet flapping of a barnacle goose did she know she now approached the River Brent, obscured as it was by a brickworks and yet more houses.

2023, Zadie Smith, The Fraud, Hamish Hamilton, page 189:

A small river in Greater London, England, United Kingdom, which joins the Thames at Brentford.


Sark

Unknown, but see Wikipedia. Richard Coates has suggested derivation from a Proto-Semitic cognate of Arabic شرق (“east, Orient”) , although this is considered unlikely.
The river-name is probably derived from Proto-Brythonic *serch, of uncertain meaning and etymology but associated with "circularity".

I have often been amused by travellers pointing out, first the Eden, just north of the station, and then the Esk, which young Lochinvar swam, as the Border; the real boundary is, of course, the little river Sark, just south of the Caledonian station at Gretna; […].

1953 August, Basil M. Bazley, “Carlisle in 1905”, in Railway Magazine, page 507:

Dumfries and Galloway
Dumfries and Galloway#English

A minor river in Dumfries and Galloway council area and Cumbria, forming part of the border between Scotland and England, which flows into the tidal Esk at Gretna; in full, the River Sark.


Luo

From the pinyin romanization of Chinese 洛 (Luò).

A river in Shaanxi, China, tributary to the Wei.

The remains of the capital of the Eastern Han dynasty, Luoyang 洛阳, are situated approximately 15 km east of the present-day city of Luoyang in Henan. Since the site is bordered on the north by the Mangshan 邙山 Mountains and overlooks the Luo River to the south, it has protective natural barriers and is also at an important junction for transportation and communication (fig. 37).

1982, Zhongshu Wang, “Luoyang: The Capital City of Eastern Han”, in K. C. Chang et al., transl., Han Civilization, Yale University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 29:

Several dozen animals have died and villagers are suffering nausea and dizziness after a massive spill of cyanide into the Luo River in Henan province.

2001 November 6, Josephine Ma, “Villagers ill after river poisoned by cyanide”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-09-04:

A tributary of the Yellow River, the Luo River runs through Luoyang as well as several other ancient Chinese cities.

2010, “Luoyang”, in Alexander Monro, editor, China: City and Exile, Eland Publishing Ltd, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 70:

A river in Henan, China, tributary to the Yellow River.

A river in Fujian, China, flowing into the Taiwan Strait.


Mohawk

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Mohawk.wav

From Dutch Mohawk.
An exonym, probably from Narragansett Mohowaúgsuck, Mauquàuog, meaning “they eat (animate things)”, “cannibals”. The phoneme /m/ is not present in the Mohawk language; the Mohawk autonym is Kanien'kehá:ka (Kanienkehaka, Kanyenkehaka).

Mohawk River, the largest tributary of the Hudson River, New York.


Bann

From Irish an Bhanna (“the river goddess”), from ban (“woman”) + dia (“goddess, deity”).

A river in County Down, County Armagh, County Antrim and County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, which flows through Lough Neagh.


Douglas

Douglas (countable and uncountable, plural Douglases)

Douglases (plural)
Douglass (alternative)

desc

→ Translingual: douglasi, douglasii (learned)

From a place name, Scottish Gaelic dubh (“black”) + glais (“stream”).

Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester#English

A place name or the name of a geographical feature, often given after a person, notably held by:

A number of places in the United Kingdom:

A river in Lancashire and Greater Manchester, England.


Kongo

cs-proper noun

Kongo n (relational adjective konžský, demonym Konžan)

konžský (adjective relational)
Konžan (demonym)
Kongo (nominative singular)
Konga (genitive singular)
Kongu (dative singular)
Kongo (accusative singular)
Kongo (singular vocative)
Kongu (locative singular)
Kongem (instrumental singular)

Congo (a major river in Central Africa which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, at times forming the border with the Republic of the Congo and Angola)


Kongo

Kongo (nominative singular)
Kongot (nominative plural)
Kongo (accusative nominative singular)
Kongot (accusative nominative plural)
Kongon (accusative genitive singular)
Kongot (accusative genitive plural)
Kongon (genitive singular)
Kongojen (genitive plural)
Kongoa (partitive singular)
Kongoja (partitive plural)
Kongossa (inessive singular)
Kongoissa (inessive plural)
Kongosta (elative singular)
Kongoista (elative plural)
Kongoon (illative singular)
Kongoihin (illative plural)
Kongolla (adessive singular)
Kongoilla (adessive plural)
Kongolta (ablative singular)
Kongoilta (ablative plural)
Kongolle (allative singular)
Kongoille (allative plural)
Kongona (essive singular)
Kongoina (essive plural)
Kongoksi (singular translative)
Kongoiksi (plural translative)
Kongotta (abessive singular)
Kongoitta (abessive plural)
Kongoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Kongoni (nominative singular)
Kongoni (nominative plural)
Kongoni (accusative nominative singular)
Kongoni (accusative nominative plural)
Kongoni (accusative genitive singular)
Kongoni (accusative genitive plural)
Kongoni (genitive singular)
Kongojeni (genitive plural)
Kongoani (partitive singular)
Kongojani (partitive plural)
Kongossani (inessive singular)
Kongoissani (inessive plural)
Kongostani (elative singular)
Kongoistani (elative plural)
Kongooni (illative singular)
Kongoihini (illative plural)
Kongollani (adessive singular)
Kongoillani (adessive plural)
Kongoltani (ablative singular)
Kongoiltani (ablative plural)
Kongolleni (allative singular)
Kongoilleni (allative plural)
Kongonani (essive singular)
Kongoinani (essive plural)
Kongokseni (singular translative)
Kongoikseni (plural translative)
Kongottani (abessive singular)
Kongoittani (abessive plural)
Kongoineni (comitative plural)
Kongosi (nominative singular)
Kongosi (nominative plural)
Kongosi (accusative nominative singular)
Kongosi (accusative nominative plural)
Kongosi (accusative genitive singular)
Kongosi (accusative genitive plural)
Kongosi (genitive singular)
Kongojesi (genitive plural)
Kongoasi (partitive singular)
Kongojasi (partitive plural)
Kongossasi (inessive singular)
Kongoissasi (inessive plural)
Kongostasi (elative singular)
Kongoistasi (elative plural)
Kongoosi (illative singular)
Kongoihisi (illative plural)
Kongollasi (adessive singular)
Kongoillasi (adessive plural)
Kongoltasi (ablative singular)
Kongoiltasi (ablative plural)
Kongollesi (allative singular)
Kongoillesi (allative plural)
Kongonasi (essive singular)
Kongoinasi (essive plural)
Kongoksesi (singular translative)
Kongoiksesi (plural translative)
Kongottasi (abessive singular)
Kongoittasi (abessive plural)
Kongoinesi (comitative plural)
Kongomme (nominative singular)
Kongomme (nominative plural)
Kongomme (accusative nominative singular)
Kongomme (accusative nominative plural)
Kongomme (accusative genitive singular)
Kongomme (accusative genitive plural)
Kongomme (genitive singular)
Kongojemme (genitive plural)
Kongoamme (partitive singular)
Kongojamme (partitive plural)
Kongossamme (inessive singular)
Kongoissamme (inessive plural)
Kongostamme (elative singular)
Kongoistamme (elative plural)
Kongoomme (illative singular)
Kongoihimme (illative plural)
Kongollamme (adessive singular)
Kongoillamme (adessive plural)
Kongoltamme (ablative singular)
Kongoiltamme (ablative plural)
Kongollemme (allative singular)
Kongoillemme (allative plural)
Kongonamme (essive singular)
Kongoinamme (essive plural)
Kongoksemme (singular translative)
Kongoiksemme (plural translative)
Kongottamme (abessive singular)
Kongoittamme (abessive plural)
Kongoinemme (comitative plural)
Kongonne (nominative singular)
Kongonne (nominative plural)
Kongonne (accusative nominative singular)
Kongonne (accusative nominative plural)
Kongonne (accusative genitive singular)
Kongonne (accusative genitive plural)
Kongonne (genitive singular)
Kongojenne (genitive plural)
Kongoanne (partitive singular)
Kongojanne (partitive plural)
Kongossanne (inessive singular)
Kongoissanne (inessive plural)
Kongostanne (elative singular)
Kongoistanne (elative plural)
Kongoonne (illative singular)
Kongoihinne (illative plural)
Kongollanne (adessive singular)
Kongoillanne (adessive plural)
Kongoltanne (ablative singular)
Kongoiltanne (ablative plural)
Kongollenne (allative singular)
Kongoillenne (allative plural)
Kongonanne (essive singular)
Kongoinanne (essive plural)
Kongoksenne (singular translative)
Kongoiksenne (plural translative)
Kongottanne (abessive singular)
Kongoittanne (abessive plural)
Kongoinenne (comitative plural)
Kongonsa (nominative singular)
Kongonsa (nominative plural)
Kongonsa (accusative nominative singular)
Kongonsa (accusative nominative plural)
Kongonsa (accusative genitive singular)
Kongonsa (accusative genitive plural)
Kongonsa (genitive singular)
Kongojensa (genitive plural)
Kongoaan (partitive singular)
Kongoansa (partitive singular)
Kongojaan (partitive plural)
Kongojansa (partitive plural)
Kongossaan (inessive singular)
Kongossansa (inessive singular)
Kongoissaan (inessive plural)
Kongoissansa (inessive plural)
Kongostaan (elative singular)
Kongostansa (elative singular)
Kongoistaan (elative plural)
Kongoistansa (elative plural)
Kongoonsa (illative singular)
Kongoihinsa (illative plural)
Kongollaan (adessive singular)
Kongollansa (adessive singular)
Kongoillaan (adessive plural)
Kongoillansa (adessive plural)
Kongoltaan (ablative singular)
Kongoltansa (ablative singular)
Kongoiltaan (ablative plural)
Kongoiltansa (ablative plural)
Kongolleen (allative singular)
Kongollensa (allative singular)
Kongoilleen (allative plural)
Kongoillensa (allative plural)
Kongonaan (essive singular)
Kongonansa (essive singular)
Kongoinaan (essive plural)
Kongoinansa (essive plural)
Kongokseen (singular translative)
Kongoksensa (singular translative)
Kongoikseen (plural translative)
Kongoiksensa (plural translative)
Kongottaan (abessive singular)
Kongottansa (abessive singular)
Kongoittaan (abessive plural)
Kongoittansa (abessive plural)
Kongoineen (comitative plural)
Kongoinensa (comitative plural)

From French Congo, possibly from Kongo nkongo.


Kongo

de-proper noun

der Kongo m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Kongo or des Kongos)

der Kongo (canonical masculine)
des Kongo (definite genitive)
des Kongos (definite genitive)


Kongo

kongijski (adjective)
Kongo (nominative singular)
Konga (genitive singular)
Kongu (dative singular)
Kongo (accusative singular)
Kongiem (instrumental singular)
Kongu (locative singular)
Kongo (singular vocative)


Kongo

Kȍngo (canonical masculine)
Ко̏нго (Cyrillic)
Kongo (nominative singular)
Konga (genitive singular)
Kongu (dative singular)
Kongo (accusative singular)
Kongo (singular vocative)
Kongu (locative singular)
Kongom (instrumental singular)


Kongo

Kongo (nominative singular)
Kongo'yu (accusative singular)
Kongo'ya (dative singular)
Kongo'da (locative singular)
Kongo'dan (ablative singular)
Kongo'nun (genitive singular)


Rauma

Rauma (a river in Møre og Romsdal, Norway)


Rauma

[¹rœʊ̯ː.mɐ̞]

From the definite form of Old Norse Raum f, of uncertain origin. Also suggested to come from Raumá, from *raumr (“roaring waterfall”) + á (“river”), although not suggested by the modern pronunciation.


По

По̑ (canonical masculine)
Pȏ (romanization)


По

LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Po ukraińsku (Andriana)-По.wav


الأردن

ar-proper noun

الْأُرْدُن or الْأُرْدُنّ • (al-ʔurdun or al-ʔurdunn) m

الْأُرْدُن (canonical)
الْأُرْدُنّ (canonical)
al-ʔurdun (romanization)
al-ʔurdunn (romanization)
الْأُرْدُن (definite informal singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنّ (definite informal singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنُّ (definite nominative singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنَّ (accusative definite singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
الْأُرْدُنِّ (definite genitive singular triptote)

From جُنْد الْأُرْدُنّ (jund al-ʔurdunn), “the military district of Jordan”, probably straight out borrowed from the Aramaic isolect spoken there at the time, attested by the written Jewish Babylonian Aramaic and Jewish Literary Aramaic as יֹורְדְּנא (yordənā) and יַרְדְּנא (yardənā). Both forms give the present Arabic one regularly: The emphatic state ending was rendered by the Arabic article, and the distinction of the onset consonants /j/, /ʔ/ and /ʕ/ either had already little functional load, in the same fashion as the etyma of هُود (hūd), يَافُوخ (yāfūḵ), يَلَب (yalab), الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq) etc., or the onset يُـ (yu-) or the pattern of *يَرْدُن (*yardun) or *أَرْدُن (*ʔardun) in Arabic was hardly admissible and had to be regularized, that is classicized. See Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (yardén) for the ultimate derivation of the toponym.

وَسَتَغْسِلُ يَا نَهْرَ ٱلْأُرْدُنِ وَجْهِي بِمِيَاهٍ قُدْسِيَّة
وَسَتَمْحُو يَا نَهْرَ ٱلْأُرْدُنِ آثَارَ ٱلْقَدَمِ ٱلْهَمَجِيَّة

1967, “زَهْرَة الْمَدَائِن [Flower of Cities]”, Said Akl (lyrics), Rahbani brothers (music)performed by Fairuz:

And ye, o Jordan river, will wash my face with water of holiness;
And ye, o Jordan river, will erase the traces of the barbaric feet.

wasataḡsilu yā nahra l-ʔurduni wajhī bimiyāhin qudsiyya
wasatamḥū yā nahra l-ʔurduni ʔāṯāra l-qadami l-hamajiyya

Jordan (a river in Western Asia, in the Middle East, that empties into the Dead Sea, flowing through Israel, the Golan Heights, the West Bank and Jordan)


الأردن

نهر الأردن

Audio (Ramallah): (file)


Danube

→ Hindi: डेन्यूब (ḍenyūb)

→ Korean: 다뉴브 (danyubeu)

→ Marathi: डॅन्यूब (ḍĕnyūb)

→ Thai: ดานูบ (daa-núup)

→ Urdu: ڈینیوب (ḍēn'yūb)

→ Vietnamese: Đa Nuýp

Attested since at least 1598 (also note Middle English Danby (“Danube”) att. in 15th c. Mandeville's Travels).
Borrowed from Middle French Danube, from Old French Danube, from Latin Dānubius, from Proto-Celtic *Dānowyos (compare Welsh river name Donwy), an extended form of the river-name *Dānu, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂nu (“river, river goddess”), akin to *dʰenh₂- (“to set in motion; to flow”).
Cognate with Latin fōns (“spring”), Persian دنیدن (danidan, “to hasten, run”), Ossetian дон (don, “water, river”), Sanskrit धन्वति (dhánvati, “it flows, runs”). More at Danube.

cog

(with the) A river in Europe; flowing 2850 kilometers from the confluence of the Breg and Brigach at Donaueschingen, Germany, into the Black Sea in Romania.

Donou

river of Europe that flows to the Black Sea


Danube

Inherited from Middle French Danube, from Old French Danube (att. since mid-12th c.), borrowed from Latin Dānubius, from Proto-Celtic *Dānowyos, an extended form of the river-name *Dānu, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂nu (“river goddess”), akin to *dʰenh₂- (“to set in motion; to flow”).

der

Danube (a river in Europe; flowing 2850 kilometers from the confluence of the Breg and Brigach at Donaueschingen, Germany, into the Black Sea in Romania)


Euphrates

From Latin Euphrātēs, from Ancient Greek Εὐφράτης (Euphrátēs), from Old Persian 𐎢𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎬𐎢 (u-f-r-a-tu-u /ʰUfrātuš/), from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣 (^(ÍD)Purattu), from Sumerian 𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣 (^(ÍD)Buranun) (compare Elamite 𒌑𒅁𒊏𒌅𒅖 (ú-ip-ra-du-iš), Classical Syriac ܦܪܬ (P(ə)rāṯ)). The Elamite, Akkadian, and possibly Sumerian forms are either from an unrecorded substrate language, or from Proto-Sumerian *𒁍𒍏 burudu "copper" (Sumerian 𒍏 (urudu)) with an explanation that Euphrates was the river by which the copper ore was transported in rafts, since Mesopotamia was the center of copper metallurgy at the period.

A river in the Middle East, 2780 kilometers in length, flowing southwest from Turkey, then southeast, and uniting with the Tigris before entering the Persian Gulf. It forms the Western edge of classical Mesopotamia.


Tigris

From Latin Tigris, from Ancient Greek Τίγρις (Tígris), an alternative form of Τίγρης (Tígrēs), from Old Persian 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠 (Tigrā), from Akkadian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (Idiglat), from Sumerian 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (Idigna, literally “fast as an arrow”).

uder

A river in Southwest Asia flowing 1,150 miles east-southeast from the Armenian Highland in Turkey through Iraq. It forms the eastern edge of classical Mesopotamia. It unites with the Euphrates River to form the Shatt al-Arab before flowing into the Persian Gulf.


Tigris

de-proper noun

Tigris m (proper noun, strong, genitive Tigris)

Tigris (a major river in Turkey and Iraq in Mesopotamia)


Tigris

Tigris (nominative singular)
Tigrisek (nominative plural)
Tigrist (accusative singular)
Tigriseket (accusative plural)
Tigrisnek (dative singular)
Tigriseknek (dative plural)
Tigrissel (instrumental singular)
Tigrisekkel (instrumental plural)
Tigrisért (causal-final singular)
Tigrisekért (causal-final plural)
Tigrissé (singular translative)
Tigrisekké (plural translative)
Tigrisig (singular terminative)
Tigrisekig (plural terminative)
Tigrisként (essive-formal singular)
Tigrisekként (essive-formal plural)
Tigrisben (inessive singular)
Tigrisekben (inessive plural)
Tigrisen (singular superessive)
Tigriseken (plural superessive)
Tigrisnél (adessive singular)
Tigriseknél (adessive plural)
Tigrisbe (illative singular)
Tigrisekbe (illative plural)
Tigrisre (singular sublative)
Tigrisekre (plural sublative)
Tigrishez (allative singular)
Tigrisekhez (allative plural)
Tigrisből (elative singular)
Tigrisekből (elative plural)
Tigrisről (delative singular)
Tigrisekről (delative plural)
Tigristől (ablative singular)
Tigrisektől (ablative plural)
Tigrisé (singular)
Tigriseké (plural)
Tigriséi (singular)
Tigrisekéi (plural)
Tigrisem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Tigriseim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
Tigrised (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Tigriseid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
Tigrise (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Tigrisei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
Tigrisünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Tigriseink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
Tigrisetek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Tigriseitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
Tigrisük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Tigriseik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


Tigris

la-proper noun

Tigris m sg (genitive Tigridis); third declension

Tigridis (genitive)
Tigris (nominative singular)
Tigridis (genitive singular)
Tigridī (dative singular)
Tigridim (accusative singular)
Tigridin (accusative singular)
Tigride (ablative singular)
Tigridī (ablative singular)
Tigris (singular vocative)

English: Tigris

Italian: Tigri

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: Tigre, Tigres, Tigris
Galician: Tigris
Portuguese: Tigre, Tígris

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τίγρις (Tígris).


Ticino

A left tributary of the Po in Switzerland and Italy.


Ticino

Ticino (a left tributary of the Po in Switzerland and Italy)


Cali

A river in Colombia which flows by the city.


Cali

From Calima, a pre-Columbian culture, itself from a native (possibly Cariban) language.


Amazon

From Spanish, Río Amazonas. It is common belief that the Spanish explorer Francisco de Orellana fought a battle against a tribe of Tapuya natives, in which the women fought alongside the men, and that he derived the name from the Amazons in Greek mythology.

(sometimes attributive) A river in South America, that flows through Brazil for about 4000 miles to the Atlantic.


Minnesota

[ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊɾə]

From Lakota mní šóta (literally “cloudy water”).

der

A tributary of the Mississippi River in southern Minnesota.


Minnesota

Minnesota (nominative singular)
Minnesoty (genitive singular)
Minnesocie (dative singular)
Minnesotę (accusative singular)
Minnesotą (instrumental singular)
Minnesocie (locative singular)
Minnesoto (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Minnesota, from Lakota mní sóta (literally “cloudy water”).

der

Minnesota, Minnesota River (a tributary of the Mississippi River in southern Minnesota)


Devon

→ Russian: Де́вон (Dévon)

From Old English Defenas, which meant both "Devonians" and "Devon," exemplifying the common Anglo-Saxon practice of naming a place after the people who inhabit it.

A river in Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire, England, a tributary to the Trent.

A river in Clackmannanshire council area, Scotland, a tributary of the Forth.


Kentucky

Uncertain; possibly from an Iroquoian word meaning "prairie"; compare Mohawk kenhtà:ke (“the meadow”), Seneca gëdá'geh (“at the field”).

A tributary of the Ohio River in Kentucky, United States.


Kentucky

Kentucky, Kentucky River (a tributary of the Ohio River in Kentucky, United States)


Svartån

svart (“black”) + å (“river”) + -n (“the”)

af

the name of several streams or smaller rivers in different places in Sweden and Finland


Eufrat

Eufrat (nominative singular)
Eufratu (genitive singular)
Eufratowi (dative singular)
Eufrat (accusative singular)
Eufratem (instrumental singular)
Eufracie (locative singular)
Eufracie (singular vocative)


Wien

In this form borrowed from Standard German Wien, from Middle High German Wienne, from Old High German Wēnnia. Further origin uncertain. See the German entry for more.


Wien

de-proper noun

die Wien f (proper noun, usually definite, definite genitive der Wien)

die Wien (canonical feminine)
der Wien (definite genitive)
Wien (nominative singular)
Wien (genitive singular)
Wien (dative singular)
Wien (accusative singular)

From Middle High German Wiene, Wienne, from Old High German Wienna, Wēnia, probably from a Vulgar Latin *Vedunia, itself from Proto-Celtic *widus (“wood”) or *weidus (“wild”). The Latin name Vindobona is probably not related at all, but at any rate cannot be the immediate source of the Old High German name.

Wien (a river in Austria, flowing through Vienna)


Saale

die Saale f (proper noun, usually definite, definite genitive der Saale)

die Saale (canonical feminine)
der Saale (definite genitive)

From a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *sélos (“salt marsh”).


Todd

A river in the Northern Territory, Australia; named for early immigrant Alice Bell Todd (wife of astronomer Charles Todd).


Murray

en-proper noun

Murray (countable and uncountable, plural Murrays)

Scottish surname derived from the place name Moray in northeastern Scotland, from Medieval Latin Moravia, Morauia, from Scottish Gaelic Moireibh, Moireabh, Moreb, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *mori (“sea”) + *trebā (“settlement”).

A major river in south-eastern Australia, flowing 2,589 km (1,609 mi) to the Indian Ocean, through New South Wales and Victoria, where it forms the border for hundreds of miles, to the sea through South Australia; in full, the Murray River. Named after Sir George Murray.

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

A river in Western Australia (as above).

A minor river in Stewart Island, New Zealand.


Murray

Unadapted borrowing from English Murray.

a placename:
a major river in southeastern Australia

a minor river in Stewart Island, New Zealand


Blackadder

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Blackadder.wav

PIE word
 *wasdʰos
From black + a second element, possibly derived from one of the following:
* From Irish fad (“length”), fada (“long”, adjective) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wasdʰos (“long; wide”)) + dobhar (“moisture; sea; water”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“deep”)), referring to a long river.
* From Old English ǣdre (“channel for liquids; river; (anatomy) artery or vein; sinew”), from Proto-Germanic *ēþrǭ (“rivulet; (anatomy) vein”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-r̥ ~ *h₁h₁t-éns (“lung; internal organ”), from *h₁eh₁t- (“breath; to breathe”) + *-r̥ (suffix forming nouns). However, this etymology has been doubted as it has been suggested that the long initial vowel in Old English would have been preserved in English and Scots.
* From Proto-Brythonic *ador or *edir (“(possibly) name of a river”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *hₐet- (“to go”) + *-r̥.
The surname is from the river and the adjacent Blackadder House.

affix

Scottish Borders
Scottish Borders#English

Preceded by the: Blackadder Water, a river in the Scottish Borders council area, Scotland, a tributary of Whiteadder Water.


Dee

Dee
River Dee (Ireland)
River Dee, Aberdeenshire
River Dee, Cumbria
River Dee, Wales

A river in Aberdeenshire council area, Scotland that flows about 145 km (90 mi) from the Cairngorm Mountains to the North Sea at Aberdeen.

And following Dee, which Britons long ygone / Did call divine, that doth by Chester tend; […]

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 39:

A river in Wales and England that flows about 113 km (70 mi) from Snowdonia to the Irish Sea near Liverpool.

A river in Cumbria, England, which flows through Dentdale, and joins the River Rawthey near Sedbergh.

A river in County Cavan and County Louth, Ireland.


Duncan

en-prop

Duncan (countable and uncountable, plural Duncans)

Duncans (plural)
Donkin (alternative)
Dunkin (alternative)

* As a Scottish Gaelic and Irish surname, from Donnchadh, a name composed of donn (“brown”) + cath (“battle”). Also spelled as Donagh and Donaghue, Donahue.
* Also as an Irish surname, Anglicized from ó Duinnchinn, from donn (“brown”) + ceann (“head”).

A river in British Columbia, Canada; running 206 km near Mount Dawson into the Kootenay Lake; named for prospector John Duncan.

A short river in the Southern Alps, West Coast Region, New Zealand.


Krishna

Krishna (countable and uncountable, plural Krishnas)

Krishnas (plural)
Kṛṣṇa (alternative transliteration)


Kansas

Kansases (plural)
Kan. (abbreviation)
Kans. (abbreviation)
Ks. (abbreviation)

From a Siouan ethnonym cognate to Kansa; related to Arkansas, which see for more information.


Alabama

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Alabama.wav

From Alabama Albaamaha, the name of a people native to the area.

A river in Alabama; flowing 318 miles from the confluence of the Tallapoosa and Coosa near Coosada until its confluence with the Tombigbee, forming the Mobile, near Calvert.


Alabama

Borrowed from English Alabama, itself likely from Alabama Albaamaha.

États: Alabama · Alaska · Arizona · Arkansas · Californie · Colorado · Connecticut · Delaware · Floride · Géorgie · Hawaï · Idaho · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Louisiane · Maine · Maryland · Massachusetts · Michigan · Minnesota · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · Nevada · New Hampshire · New Jersey · Nouveau-Mexique · État de New York · Caroline du Nord · Dakota du Nord · Ohio · Oklahoma · Oregon · Pennsylvanie · Rhode Island · Caroline du Sud · Dakota du Sud · Tennessee · Texas · Utah · Vermont · Virginie · Washington · Virginie-Occidentale · Wisconsin · Wyoming

Samoa américaines · Guam · Îles Mariannes du Nord · Porto Rico · îles mineures éloignées des États-Unis · Îles Vierges des États-Unis


Alabama

Alabama (nominative singular)
Alabamy (genitive singular)
Alabamie (dative singular)
Alabamę (accusative singular)
Alabamą (instrumental singular)
Alabamie (locative singular)
Alabamo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Alabama, from Alabama Albaamaha.


Alabama

[ɐ.lɐˈβɐ.mɐ]

[ɐ.lɐˈβɐ.mɐ]


Alabama

Alabàma (canonical feminine)
Алаба̀ма (Cyrillic)
Alabama (nominative singular)
Alabame (genitive singular)
Alabami (dative singular)
Alabamu (accusative singular)
Alabamo (singular vocative)
Alabami (locative singular)
Alabamom (instrumental singular)


Arkansas

/ˈɑɹ.kənˌsɔ/

From the name of the Arkansas River, from French Arcansas, a (plural) designation of either a Siouan tribe or the Quapaw. This designation is sometimes claimed to derive from a Quapaw word *akakaze (“land of downriver people”) or a Lakota/Dakota word *akakaze (“people of the south wind”); more likely, it derives from a Siouan ethnonym cognate to Kansa (whence also the name of the state of Kansas).

Arkansa (alternative archaic)
Arkansaw (alternative)

A river in the United States, rising in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, and flowing generally southeast over 1,400 miles through Kansas, Oklahoma and Arkansas, where it joins the Mississippi in Desha County.


Arkansas

Borrowed from English Arkansas, from French Arcansas.

Arkansas (a river in the United States, rising in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, and flowing generally southeast over 1,400 miles through Kansas, Oklahoma and Arkansas, where it joins the Mississippi in Desha County)


Colorado

/kɑləˈɹɑdoʊ/

/kɑləˈɹædoʊ/

/kɒləˈɹɑːdəʊ/

From Spanish colorado (“red, ruddy, colored”), usually from the reddish appearance of some silt-laden rivers, or from Portuguese colorado in the case of Brazilian locations.

der

Meronym: humpback chub

A million cascade brooks unite to form a thousand torrent creeks ; a thousand torrent creeks unite to form half a hundred rivers beset with cataracts ; half a hundred roaring rivers unite to form the Colorado, which rolls, a mad, turbid stream, into the Gulf of California.

1895, J[ohn] W[esley] Powell, chapter I, in Canyons of the Colorado, Meadville, PA: Flood & Vincent; republished as The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons, New York: Dover, 1961, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 29:

Gulf of California
Gulf of California#English

A major river of western North America, running from the Rocky Mountains in the United States to the Gulf of California in Mexico.

A river in Texas in the United States, flowing into the Gulf of Mexico.

A river in southern Argentina, running from the Andes into the Atlantic.


Colorado

Colorado, Colorado River (a major river of western North America, running from the Rocky Mountains in the United States to the Gulf of California in Mexico)


Connecticut

Said to be from Mohegan-Pequot quinnitukqut (“at the long tidal river”), from *kwen- (“long”) (spelling due to confusion with connect) + *-ehtekw (“tidal river”) + *-enk (locative).

bor

A river in the United States that flows from northern New Hampshire into Long Island Sound.


Connecticut

Borrowed from English Connecticut, from Mohegan-Pequot quinnitukqut (“at the long tidal river”), from *kwen- (“long”) + *-ehtekw (“tidal river”) + *-enk (“place”).

Connecticut (a river in the United States that flows from northern New Hampshire into Long Island Sound)


Delaware

The river in the northeastern United States was named for Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr (1577–1618). The people and the state were named for the river.

A river flowing from the Catskills through New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware in the northeastern United States and emptying into the Atlantic Ocean at Delaware Bay.

A river in the United States that flows from northeast Kansas into the Kansas River.


Delaware

Delaware, Delaware River (a river flowing from the Catskills through New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware in the northeastern United States and emptying into the Atlantic Ocean at Delaware Bay)


Delaware

Unadapted borrowing from English Delaware.


Iowa

From French Aiouez/Ayoés, an early transliteration of the name for the Iowa tribe, from Dakota ayúxba (“sleepy ones”).

A tributary of the Mississippi River which flows through Iowa in a southeast direction.


Illinois

From a French adaptation of an Algonquian (perhaps Ojibwe) name derived from Miami ilenweewa (“he speaks the regular way”).

der

A river in the United States that flows from Grundy County, Illinois, into the Mississippi River.

A river in Colorado, United States that flows from the Never Summer Mountains in the Rockies into the Michigan River.

A river in Oklahoma, United States that flows from the Ozarks into the Arkansas River.

A river in Oregon, United States that flows from the southwestern corner of the state into the Rogue River.


Illinois

Borrowed from English Illinois, from a French adaptation of an Algonquian name derived from Miami ilenweewa (“he speaks the regular way”).

Illinois, Illinois River (a river in the United States that flows from Grundy County, Illinois, into the Mississippi River)


Missouri

From a French adaptation of Miami wimihsoorita (“the people who have dugout canoes”), a term for the inhabitants of the area around the Missouri River.

(with the) The longest river in North America, rising in the Rocky Mountains of western Montana and flowing roughly southeast over 2,300 miles through North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas and Missouri, before joining the Mississippi at St. Louis.


Missouri

de-proper noun

der Missouri m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Missouris)

der Missouri (canonical masculine)
des Missouris (definite genitive)

Missouri, Missouri River (the longest river in North America, rising in the Rocky Mountains of western Montana and flowing roughly southeast over 2,300 miles through North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas and Missouri, before joining the Mississippi at St. Louis)


Missouri

Borrowed from English Missouri, from a French adaptation of Miami wimihsoorita (“the people who have dugout canoes”), a term for the inhabitants of the area around the Missouri River.


Missouri

Unadapted borrowing from English Missouri.


Mississippi

Borrowed from Ojibwe misi-ziibi, ᒥᓯ᐀ᓰᐱ (misi-siipi, “great river”).

(with the) A major river in the United States, flowing southward from north-central Minnesota through Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Minnesota and Louisiana, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico.


Mississippi

the Mississippi (canonical)
Missippi (alternative nonstandard)

Although its current spelling may be derived from that of its much larger American cousin, it is most certainly a corruption of a different indigenous name, as the translation “great water” would not apply to a relatively minor tributary of the Ottawa, definitely the largest river in the area. Instead, the name may originate from Mazinaa[bikinigan]-ziibi, Algonquian for “[painted] image river”, referring to the pictographs found on Mazinaw Lake, though this is by no means proven.

A river in Canada that flows from eastern Ontario into the Ottawa River.


Mississippi

Mississippi (nominative singular)
Mississippi (accusative nominative singular)
Mississipin (accusative genitive singular)
Mississipin (genitive singular)
Mississippiä (partitive singular)
Mississipissä (inessive singular)
Mississipistä (elative singular)
Mississippiin (illative singular)
Mississipillä (adessive singular)
Mississipiltä (ablative singular)
Mississipille (allative singular)
Mississippinä (essive singular)
Mississipiksi (singular translative)
Mississipittä (abessive singular)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
Mississippini (nominative singular)
Mississippini (accusative nominative singular)
Mississippini (accusative genitive singular)
Mississippini (genitive singular)
Mississippiäni (partitive singular)
Mississipissäni (inessive singular)
Mississipistäni (elative singular)
Mississippiini (illative singular)
Mississipilläni (adessive singular)
Mississipiltäni (ablative singular)
Mississipilleni (allative singular)
Mississippinäni (essive singular)
Mississipikseni (singular translative)
Mississipittäni (abessive singular)
Mississippisi (nominative singular)
Mississippisi (accusative nominative singular)
Mississippisi (accusative genitive singular)
Mississippisi (genitive singular)
Mississippiäsi (partitive singular)
Mississipissäsi (inessive singular)
Mississipistäsi (elative singular)
Mississippiisi (illative singular)
Mississipilläsi (adessive singular)
Mississipiltäsi (ablative singular)
Mississipillesi (allative singular)
Mississippinäsi (essive singular)
Mississipiksesi (singular translative)
Mississipittäsi (abessive singular)
Mississippimme (nominative singular)
Mississippimme (accusative nominative singular)
Mississippimme (accusative genitive singular)
Mississippimme (genitive singular)
Mississippiämme (partitive singular)
Mississipissämme (inessive singular)
Mississipistämme (elative singular)
Mississippiimme (illative singular)
Mississipillämme (adessive singular)
Mississipiltämme (ablative singular)
Mississipillemme (allative singular)
Mississippinämme (essive singular)
Mississipiksemme (singular translative)
Mississipittämme (abessive singular)
Mississippinne (nominative singular)
Mississippinne (accusative nominative singular)
Mississippinne (accusative genitive singular)
Mississippinne (genitive singular)
Mississippiänne (partitive singular)
Mississipissänne (inessive singular)
Mississipistänne (elative singular)
Mississippiinne (illative singular)
Mississipillänne (adessive singular)
Mississipiltänne (ablative singular)
Mississipillenne (allative singular)
Mississippinänne (essive singular)
Mississipiksenne (singular translative)
Mississipittänne (abessive singular)
Mississippinsä (nominative singular)
Mississippinsä (accusative nominative singular)
Mississippinsä (accusative genitive singular)
Mississippinsä (genitive singular)
Mississippiään (partitive singular)
Mississippiänsä (partitive singular)
Mississipissään (inessive singular)
Mississipissänsä (inessive singular)
Mississipistään (elative singular)
Mississipistänsä (elative singular)
Mississippiinsä (illative singular)
Mississipillään (adessive singular)
Mississipillänsä (adessive singular)
Mississipiltään (ablative singular)
Mississipiltänsä (ablative singular)
Mississipilleen (allative singular)
Mississipillensä (allative singular)
Mississippinään (essive singular)
Mississippinänsä (essive singular)
Mississipikseen (singular translative)
Mississipiksensä (singular translative)
Mississipittään (abessive singular)
Mississipittänsä (abessive singular)

Mississippi River
Mississippi River#English

Mississippi, Mississippi River (a major river in the United States, flowing southward from north-central Minnesota through Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Minnesota and Louisiana, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico)


Mississippi

Unadapted borrowing from English Mississippi.

Mississípi (alternative)
Mississipi (alternative)


Ohio

From Seneca Ohi:yoʼ, a proper name derived from ohi:yo:h (“good river”). The name of the Allegheny river, which the Lenape and Iroquois considered to be part of the same single river as the Ohio, means the same thing in Unami.

A river in the United States, flowing 981 miles from the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania through Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois along state borders and emptying into the Mississippi at Cairo, Illinois.


Ohio

Borrowed from English Ohio, from Seneca ohiːyoʼ, a proper name derived from ohiːyoːh (“good river”).

Ohio (a river in the United States, flowing 981 miles from the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania through Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois along state borders and emptying into the Mississippi at Cairo, Illinois)


Tennessee

From Cherokee ᏔᎾᏏ (tanasi), believed to mean “winding river”.

A river in Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi and Kentucky, United States, that flows from eastern Tennessee into the Ohio River.


Tennessee

Borrowed from English Tennessee, from Cherokee ᏔᎾᏏ (tanasi).

Tennessee, Tennessee River (a river in Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi and Kentucky, United States, that flows from eastern Tennessee into the Ohio River)


Wisconsin

Borrowed from French Ouisconsin, itself borrowed from an uncertain Native American language. Theories include:
* Miami meeskohsinki or Algonquin meskousing, both meaning "it lies red", the name given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian-speaking American Indian groups living in the region at the time of European contact. "Meskousing" is known from maps drawn by the French from the 1670s onwards, it is believed subsequent transcribers mistook the stylized cursive "M" for "OU".
* Menominee wēskōhsek (“a good place”), from Wēskōhsek Sēpēw ("the river where it is good to live")
* An Ojibwe term, suggestions include miskwasiniig (“red stones”), referring to the red sandstone of the dells of the Wisconsin River; and wiishihkaanhs (“little lodge”), referring to the dwellings of the abundant beavers and muskrats.
A researcher for the State of Wisconsin Historical Society concluded in frustration, "I have not found two Indians to agree on the meaning of this word."

A river in the United States that flows from northern Wisconsin into the Mississippi.


Wisconsin

Unadapted borrowing from English Wisconsin.

Wisconsin (a river in the United States that flows from northern Wisconsin into the Mississippi)


Cumberland

Cumberland
Cumberland (disambiguation)
Cumberland, Maryland

A river in Kentucky and Tennessee, United States, a tributary to the Ohio River.


Kent

Inherited from Middle English Kent, from Old English Cent, from Latin Cantium, from Brythonic *Cantio (compare Old Irish céite (“gathering, folkmoot, hillock”)), from Proto-Celtic *kantos (“corner, rim”).

cog

A river in Cumbria, England, which flows into Morecambe Bay at Arnside.


Avon

From Proto-Brythonic *aβon (“river”). Compare with Welsh afon.

A number of rivers in the United Kingdom:

A river in Wiltshire, Somerset and Bristol, England; running from Acton Turville into the Bristol Channel at Avonmouth.

A river in Devon, England; running from Dartmoor into the English Channel at Bigbury-on-Sea.

A river in Northamptonshire, Leicestershire, Warwickshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire, England; running from Naseby into the Severn at Tewkesbury, and known as the Warwickshire Avon.

A river in Wiltshire, Hampshire and Dorset, England; running from Pewsey into the English Channel at Mudeford.

A river in Hampshire, England; running from the New Forest into the Solent at Keyhaven.

A river in England; running from Horton into the Berkeley Pill at Berkeley.

A river mainly in Falkirk council area, Scotland; running from Longriggend into the Firth of Forth at Grangemouth.

A river in Scotland; running from Loch A'an in the Cairngorms into the Spey at Ballindalloch.

A river in Scotland; running from Distinkhorn Hill near Strathaven into the Clyde at Hamilton.

A river in Canada; running from Lake Victoria in Stratford, Ontario into the Thames near St. Marys.

A river in Canada; running from South Mountain in Nova Scotia to the Minas Basin at Avonport.

A river in Canterbury, New Zealand; running from Avonhead through the center of Christchurch into Pegasus Bay.

A river in Marlborough, New Zealand; running from a source in the Marlborough Region into the Waihopai.

A river in Australia; running from Barrington Tops in New South Wales into the Gloucester River at Gloucester.

A river in Australia; running from the Illawarra escarpment in New South Wales into the Cordeaux near Wilton.

A river in Australia; running from Mount Wellington in Victoria into Lake Wellington.

A river in Australia; running from the confluence of Avon and Reedy Creeks in Victoria into the Richardson River at Banyena.

A river in Australia; running from near Pingelly in Western Australia to Walyunga National Park, where it merges with Wooroloo Brook to form the Swan.


Nile

Aman dawū

ⲁⲙⲁⲛ ⲇⲁⳣⲟ̅ⲩ̅, امان داوو

The seven mouths of the Nile then, from east to west, are the Pelusian, the Mendesian, the Bucolic, the Sebennytic, the Saïtic, the Bolbitine, and the Canopic. Such is the account of Heredotus.

1844, Pierre Henri Larcher, William Desborough Cooley, Larcher's notes on Herodotus:

A river you think so little about, you don’t even realize that’s not the Nile, this is the Nile.

2016 March 6, “Special Districts”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 3, episode 4, via HBO:

A large river in Africa flowing through Khartoum and Cairo into the Mediterranean Sea, usually considered to be the longest river in the world.

Nile Township, Scioto County, Ohio, a township in Ohio, United States, named after the river.

Bucolic

Phatnitic, Phatnic, Phatmetic, Athribitic


Rijn

From Middle Dutch rijn, from Old Dutch *Rīn, from Proto-West Germanic *Rīn, from Proto-Germanic *Rīnaz, from a Celtic language.

Wie op den Rijn per stoomboot reist, moet veel lodderige lonken kunnen afzien, […]

1874, Tony, Twee reisnovellen van den Rijn, W.C. de Graaff, 52

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

The Rhine, a major European river flowing through Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, France, Germany and the Netherlands. In the Netherlands the river (including its distributaries) flows through the provinces of Gelderland, Overijssel, Utrecht, North Holland and South Holland.


Rhin

From Old High German Rīn, from Proto-West Germanic *Rīn.

Rhine (a major river in Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, France, Germany and the Netherlands)


Rhein

de-proper noun

der Rhein m (proper noun, strong, usually definite, definite genitive des Rheins or des Rheines)

der Rhein (canonical masculine)
des Rheins (definite genitive)
des Rheines (definite genitive)
Rein (alternative obsolete)

→ Russian: Рейн (Rejn)

desc

→ Chinese: 萊茵 /莱茵 (Láiyīn) (transliteration)

From Middle High German Rīn, from Old High German Rīn, from Proto-West Germanic *Rīn (“the river Rhine”). The spelling with Rh- after Latin Rhenus, itself possibly a Hellenizing form.

inh

Meronyms: Alpenrhein, Hochrhein, Oberrhein, Mittelrhein, Niederrhein, Deltarhein

Rhine (a major river in Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, France and the Netherlands, emptying into the North Sea)


Mandel

en-proper-noun

Mandel (countable and uncountable, plural Mandels)

* Germanic surname (Dutch Mandel, German Mandel, Yiddish מאַנדל (Mandl), all meaning "almond"). Also found in Slovene as Mandelj.
* As a south German and Austrian surname, variant of Mandl, from Mann + -l.
* As a Dutch surname, from mandel (“sheaf of wheat”) (see Mandel below).
* As a Jewish surname, variant of Mendel.


Gordon

The main etymology, associated with Celtic names, is from the Scots surname Gordon, from a place name, but the origin is debated:
* If the English or Scots name is from a Brythonic language (such as Old Welsh or Old Breton), then possibly from a Proto-Brythonic compound such as *gor (“spacious”) + *din (“fort”);
* If the Scots name is itself from English, then possibly from French Gourdon, derived from Gallo-Roman Latin Gordus, from Gaulish *Gordos;
* Otherwise, possibly ultimately from Old English *gor-dūn (“mud hill”) whence a habitational name.

A place name:
A locale in Australia.
A river in Tasmania, Australia.

A river in Western Australia, Australia; named for British statesman George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen.


Sejm

Sejm (nominative singular)
Sejmu (genitive singular)
Sejmowi (dative singular)
Sejm (accusative singular)
Sejmem (instrumental singular)
Sejmie (locative singular)
Sejmie (singular vocative)


Columbia

From Columbus + -ia, the Latinized name of the European explorer, Christopher Columbus. Piecewise doublet of Colombia.

A river in British Columbia, Canada and in Washington and Oregon, United States, flowing from the Canadian Rockies to the Pacific Ocean.


Москва

ru-proper noun+

Москва́ • (Moskvá) f inan (genitive Москвы́, relational adjective моско́вский)

Москва́ (canonical)
Moskvá (romanization)
Москвы́ (genitive)
моско́вский (adjective relational)
Москва́ (nominative singular)
Москвы́ (genitive singular)
Москве́ (dative singular)
Москву́ (accusative singular)
Москво́й (instrumental singular)
Москво́ю (instrumental singular)
Москве́ (prepositional singular)
Москва́ (dated nominative singular)
Москвы́ (dated genitive singular)
Москвѣ́ (dated dative singular)
Москву́ (accusative dated singular)
Москво́й (dated instrumental singular)
Москво́ю (dated instrumental singular)
Москвѣ́ (dated prepositional singular)
МСК (alternative)

→ Armenian: Մոսկվա (Moskva)

→ Azerbaijani: Moskva

→ Belarusian: Масква (Maskva)

→ Czech: Moskva

Czech: moskva (“rye bread”) (uncommon)

→ Dungan: Москва (Moskva)

→ Greek: Μόσχα (Móscha)

→ Hebrew: מוסקבה (moskvá)

→ Hungarian: Moszkva

→ Ingrian: Moskova

→ Italian: Mosca

→ Japanese: モスクワ (Mosukuwa)

→ Karaim: Москва (Moskva)

→ Korean: 모스크바 (moseukeuba)

→ Kyrgyz: Москва (Moskva)

→ Latvian: Maskava

→ Lithuanian: Maskva

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Moskva

→ Polish: Moskwa

→ Romanian: Moscova

→ Slovak: Moskva

→ Vietnamese: Mát-xcơ-va

→ Yiddish: מאָסקווע (moskve)

Inherited from Old East Slavic *Москꙑ (*Mosky), originally referring to the river, probably from Proto-Slavic *mosky of unknown origin. Perhaps related to Czech moskva (“raw bread”), Slovak mozga (“puddle”), Polish Mozgawa, and more distantly Lithuanian mazgóti (“to wash, rinse”), Sanskrit मज्जति (májjati, “to sink”), Latin mergō (“to dive”). Doublet of Моско́вия (Moskóvija).

inh+

Москва́ впада́ет в Оку́ у го́рода Коло́мна.

The Moskva flows into the Oka River near the town of Kolomna.


Lynn

A river in Ontario, flowing from the town of Simcoe into Lake Erie.


Vrbas

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English


Huang He

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 黃河 /黄河 (Huáng Hé, literally “Yellow River”).

uder

Huang Ho (alternative)
Hwang Ho (alternative)
Hoamho (alternative obsolete)

Temüjin was about 66 years old. His hair and beard had long since turned white. He had come to lay siege to Ningxia (now called Yinchuan), the fortified capital of the Minyak empire of the Xixia, against whom he had been waging war for over a year, and he had retreated to the other side of the Yellow River (Huang He), not far from the Great Wall, on high ground, a place where he could find some refreshment, for he was already aware that it would not be long before he entered the realm of his brave ancestors.

1990, Michel Hoang, translated by Ingrid Cranfield, Genghis Khan, Saqi Books, →ISBN, page 20:

Synonym of Yellow River: a major river in northern China, passing through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces as well as Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions; the Mandarin Chinese-derived name.


Huang He

Yellow River, Huang He (a major river in northern China, passing through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces as well as Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions)


Williams

en-proper noun

Williams (countable and uncountable, plural Williamses)

威廉姆斯

transliterations of the English surname "Williams"

A number of places in the United States:

A river in Vermont; named for Puritan minister John Williams.

A placename:
A place in Australia:
A river in New South Wales.

A river in Western Australia; probably named for William IV of the United Kingdom.


Franklin

en-prop

Franklin (countable and uncountable, plural Franklins)

From Middle English frankelein (“freeholder”), see franklin. The place names are mostly named after American statesman Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790).


Allen

en-proper noun

Allen (countable and uncountable, plural Allens)

Allens (plural)
Alan (alternative)
Allan (alternative)
Alen (alternative)

Wimborne Minster
Wimborne Minster#English

A river in Dorset, which joins the (Dorset) Stour at Wimborne Minster.

A river in Northumberland, which joins the South Tyne.

A river in north Cornwall, which joins the River Camel near Sladesbridge.

A minor river in south-west Cornwall, which forms the Truro River at Truro.


Roy

en-prop

Roy (countable and uncountable, plural Roys)

→ French: Roy

→ Norwegian: Roy

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Roy

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Roy

→ Swedish: Roy

From various sources:
* Anglo-Norman roy (“king”) a variant of Old French roi, from Latin rēx, rēgem from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”). Doublet of Rey.
* Scottish Gaelic ruadh (“red, red-haired”) from Old Irish rúad, from Proto-Celtic *roudos from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-.
* Anglicisation of Bengali রায় (raẏ, surname).

der

A river and glen (see Glen Roy) in Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom.


Miami

Miami
Miami (disambiguation)
en:Lake Okeechobee
en:Mayaimi
en:Miami River (Florida)

From Mayaimi, one of only ten words recorded from the language of the now-extinct Mayaimi people, meaning "big water", referring to the large lake on whose shores they lived, alternately called Lake Miami, Lake Mayimi, Lake Maymi, Lake Maimi; now called Lake Okeechobee. The Florida city is named for the Miami River. The river is named for its source, Lake Miami.

Miami-Dade County
Miami-Dade County#English

A river in Miami-Dade County, Florida, flowing past the city of Miami; in full, Miami River.


Vistula

/ˈvɪst͡ʃʊlə/

The longest river in Poland, which flows into the Baltic Sea.


Detroit

Borrowed from English Detroit, from French Détroit, from détroit.

a river in Michigan, United States and Ontario, Canada


Hastings

The placename in England is derived from the Old English tribal name Hæstingas (“Hæsta's people, the family/followers of Hæsta”), which was later transferred to their settlement.
The family name has two possible sources:
* from the place name
* a patronymic surname derived from the Anglo-Norman personal name Hasten(c), Hastang
The later place names in other countries are named either after people with that family name, or after the town of Hastings in England.

The Hastings River, a river in New South Wales, which flows into the Tasman Sea at Port Macquarie. Named after Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings.


Brit

1901, either a shortening of Britisher or Briton, or a back-formation from British.

The River Brit, a short river in Dorset, England, which flows through Bridport to the sea at West Bay.


Indus

Borrowed from Latin Indus, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδός (Indós), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (h-i-du-u-š /hiⁿduš/), from Proto-Iranian *hínduš (compare Avestan 𐬵𐬌𐬧𐬛𐬎 (hiṇdu)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš or borrowed from Sanskrit सिन्धु (síndhu) (whence Sindh).
Another explication relates the origin of Indus to Indra which itself derives from the root indu, i.e. " water place or water spirit".

The mighty Indus River that courses through Pakistan's second-most populous region is fed by dozens of mountain tributaries to the north, but many have burst their banks following record rains and glacier melt.

2022 August 28, “Pakistan's south braces for another deluge as northern rivers swell”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-08-28, Asia / Pacific:

Floods in the river Sutlej – which originates in Tibet and crosses India before merging into the Indus river – has completely cut off several villages and areas in Pakistan, submerging hundreds of hectares of farmland.

2023 August 29, “Pakistan raises flood alert in eastern region as over 128,000 evacuated”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2024-04-24:

A major river in China, India and Pakistan, rising in Tibet and flowing into the Arabian Sea.


Indus

cs-proper noun

Indus m inan (relational adjective induský)

induský (adjective relational)
Indus (nominative singular)
Indu (genitive singular)
Indu (dative singular)
Indus (accusative singular)
Inde (singular vocative)
Indu (locative singular)
Indem (instrumental singular)