Ape

A town in Latvia near the border with Estonia.


Dagda

Dagda (nominative singular)
Dagdas (genitive singular)
Dagdai (dative singular)
Dagdu (accusative singular)
Dagdu (instrumental singular)
Dagdā (locative singular)
Dagda (singular vocative)


Jelgava

[The city is] at least ten Rigas and Jelgavas put together! Palace upon palace, bridge upon bridge, tower upon tower.

2014, Zigmunds Skujins, Flesh-Coloured Dominoes:

A town in central Latvia, the largest town in Semigallia.


Seda

Seda (nominative singular)
Sedas (genitive singular)
Sedai (dative singular)
Sedu (accusative singular)
Sedu (instrumental singular)
Sedā (locative singular)
Seda (singular vocative)


Cēsis

Cēsis (nominative plural)
Cēsu (genitive plural)
Cēsīm (dative plural)
Cēsis (accusative plural)
Cēsīm (instrumental plural)
Cēsīs (locative plural)
Cēsis (plural vocative)

Cēsis ir pilsēta Latvijā

Cēsu novads

Cēsīs dzīvo apmēram 17 000 cilvēku

Cēsīm ir zīmogs ar Svētās Katrīnas attēlu

Cēsis has a seal with the image of St. Catherine

Cēsis (a town and district in northern Latvia in Vidzeme)


Tukāmō

Tukāmō (nominative singular)
Tukāmō (genitive singular)
Tukāmōdõ (partitive singular)
Tukāmōn (dative singular)
Tukāmōkõks (instrumental singular)
Tukāmōzõ (illative singular)
Tukāmōs (inessive singular)
Tukāmōsõ (inessive singular)
Tukāmōst (elative singular)
Tukāmōstõ (elative singular)
Tukāmōlõ (allative singular)
Tukāmōl (adessive singular)
Tukāmōld (ablative singular)

Morphologically from tukā + mō. Endzelīns has tried to link Latvian Tukums with tūkt. Dzintra Hirša offers a Finnic source, including Estonian tukkuma (“to snooze”), tukk, tuka (“crest, nape”) + maa (“land”), Livonian tutkām (“tip, end”) + mō (“land”).

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Tukāmō – Tukums – Tukums
Tukums – Tukums – Tukums


Kāndab

Kāndab (nominative singular)
Kāndab (genitive singular)
Kāndabt (partitive singular)
Kāndabõn (dative singular)
Kāndabõks (instrumental singular)
Kāndabõ (illative singular)
Kāndabõs (inessive singular)
Kāndabs (inessive singular)
Kāndabõst (elative singular)
Kāndabst (elative singular)

Latvian Kandava could be of Livonian origin, compare Livonian kand (“stump”) but since its ending -ava is Baltic, the stem could be of Baltic origin as well, compare a Lithuanian place name Kandžiai, Old Prussian Candeyn, a place name in Illyria Candāvia, Κανδαουία (Kandaouía). In Indo-European linguistics this stem has also been interpreted as meaning "light" (V. Tomašek.)

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Kāndab – Kandava – Kandava
Kandava – Kandava – Kandava


Jālgab

Jālgab (nominative singular)
Jālgab (genitive singular)
Jālgabt (partitive singular)
Jālgabõn (dative singular)
Jālgabõks (instrumental singular)
Jālgabõ (illative singular)
Jālgabõs (inessive singular)
Jālgabs (inessive singular)
Jālgabõst (elative singular)
Jālgabst (elative singular)

Latvian proper noun Jelgava and 17th century countable noun jelgava (“town, city”) (later replaced by pilsēta) are popularly believed to be a borrowing from Livonian jālgab (“town, city”). Karulis, however, thinks that this word doesn't have a plausible Finnic etymology and suggests it being a borrowing from Latvian, in Latvian ultimately from *Heh₃l- (“to bend”) whence also leja (“underside, depression, valley”), dialectal meanings of elks (“elbow, part of sleeve around elbow, turn, angle”), elkonis (“elbow”). The name of Jelgava could also be related to dialectal jelgs (“wet”) or the noun jelga (“a swampy place”).
Karulis' version, however, raises questions as Jelgava has been historically called Mītava and Mitau in Latvian and German respectively (according to Karulis himself of Baltic stock, cognate with the verb mīt (“to stagger, shift, trade”)). (Kersti Boiko also tangentially mentions Nītauja as an earlier name for Jelgava.) Suggesting Livonian borrowing from Latvian a term that perhaps was not even used in Latvian at that time is anachronistic.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Jālgab – Jelgava – Jelgava
Jelgava – Jelgava – Jelgava


Kuldīg

Kuldīg (nominative singular)
Kuldīg (genitive singular)
Kuldīgt (partitive singular)
Kuldīgõn (dative singular)
Kuldīgõks (instrumental singular)
Kuldīgõ (illative singular)
Kuldīgõs (inessive singular)
Kuldīgs (inessive singular)
Kuldīgõst (elative singular)
Kuldīgst (elative singular)

Apparently from Latvian Kuldīga. According to Karulis possibly ultimately from the iterative form of kult (“to beat (eggs, etc.), thrash”) – kuldīt whence kuldīgs (“thrashing around, turbulent (of waters)”), the German Goldingen possibly from an earlier version *Kuldinga.

Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
Kuldīg – Kuldīga – Kuldīga
Kuldīga – Kuldīga – Kuldīga


Balvi

Balvi (nominative plural)
Balvu (genitive plural)
Balviem (dative plural)
Balvus (accusative plural)
Balviem (instrumental plural)
Balvos (locative plural)
Balvi (plural vocative)


Talsi

Talsi (nominative plural)
Talsu (genitive plural)
Talsiem (dative plural)
Talsus (accusative plural)
Talsiem (instrumental plural)
Talsos (locative plural)
Talsi (plural vocative)


Stende

Stende (nominative singular)
Stendes (genitive singular)
Stendei (dative singular)
Stendi (accusative singular)
Stendi (instrumental singular)
Stendē (locative singular)
Stende (singular vocative)


Aloja

Aloja (nominative singular)
Alojas (genitive singular)
Alojai (dative singular)
Aloju (accusative singular)
Aloju (instrumental singular)
Alojā (locative singular)
Aloja (singular vocative)


Saldus

Saldus (nominative singular)
Saldus (genitive singular)
Saldum (dative singular)
Saldu (accusative singular)
Saldu (instrumental singular)
Saldū (locative singular)
Saldus (singular vocative)


Kieś

Kieś (nominative singular)
Kiesi (genitive singular)
Kiesi (dative singular)
Kieś (accusative singular)
Kiesią (instrumental singular)
Kiesi (locative singular)
Kiesi (singular vocative)

Cēsis (a town in the Vidzeme region, Latvia)


Kuldyga

Kuldyga (nominative singular)
Kuldygi (genitive singular)
Kuldydze (dative singular)
Kuldygę (accusative singular)
Kuldygą (instrumental singular)
Kuldydze (locative singular)
Kuldygo (singular vocative)

Kuldīga (a town in the Courland region, Latvia)


Kircholm

pl-prop

Kircholm m inan (related adjective kircholmski)

kircholmski (adjective)
Kircholm (nominative singular)
Kircholmu (genitive singular)
Kircholmowi (dative singular)
Kircholm (accusative singular)
Kircholmem (instrumental singular)
Kircholmie (locative singular)
Kircholmie (singular vocative)

(historical) Salaspils (a town in Latvia)


Salaspils

Salaspils (nominative singular)
Salaspilsu (genitive singular)
Salaspilsowi (dative singular)
Salaspils (accusative singular)
Salaspilsem (instrumental singular)
Salaspilsie (locative singular)
Salaspilsie (singular vocative)


Ādaži

Ādaži (nominative plural)
Ādažu (genitive plural)
Ādažiem (dative plural)
Ādažus (accusative plural)
Ādažiem (instrumental plural)
Ādažos (locative plural)
Ādaži (plural vocative)


Ainaži

Ainaži (nominative plural)
Ainažu (genitive plural)
Ainažiem (dative plural)
Ainažus (accusative plural)
Ainažiem (instrumental plural)
Ainažos (locative plural)
Ainaži (plural vocative)


Aizkraukle

Aizkraukle (nominative singular)
Aizkraukles (genitive singular)
Aizkrauklei (dative singular)
Aizkraukli (accusative singular)
Aizkraukli (instrumental singular)
Aizkrauklē (locative singular)
Aizkraukle (singular vocative)


Aizpute

Aizpute (nominative singular)
Aizputes (genitive singular)
Aizputei (dative singular)
Aizputi (accusative singular)
Aizputi (instrumental singular)
Aizputē (locative singular)
Aizpute (singular vocative)


Aknīste

Aknīste (nominative singular)
Aknīstes (genitive singular)
Aknīstei (dative singular)
Aknīsti (accusative singular)
Aknīsti (instrumental singular)
Aknīstē (locative singular)
Aknīste (singular vocative)


Auce

Auce (nominative singular)
Auces (genitive singular)
Aucei (dative singular)
Auci (accusative singular)
Auci (instrumental singular)
Aucē (locative singular)
Auce (singular vocative)


Baldone

Baldone (nominative singular)
Baldones (genitive singular)
Baldonei (dative singular)
Baldoni (accusative singular)
Baldoni (instrumental singular)
Baldonē (locative singular)
Baldone (singular vocative)


Alūksne

Alūksne (nominative singular)
Alūksnes (genitive singular)
Alūksnei (dative singular)
Alūksni (accusative singular)
Alūksni (instrumental singular)
Alūksnē (locative singular)
Alūksne (singular vocative)


Baloži

Baloži (nominative plural)
Baložu (genitive plural)
Baložiem (dative plural)
Baložus (accusative plural)
Baložiem (instrumental plural)
Baložos (locative plural)
Baloži (plural vocative)


Bauska

Bauska (nominative singular)
Bauskas (genitive singular)
Bauskai (dative singular)
Bausku (accusative singular)
Bausku (instrumental singular)
Bauskā (locative singular)
Bauska (singular vocative)


Brocēni

Brocēni (nominative plural)
Brocēnu (genitive plural)
Brocēniem (dative plural)
Brocēnus (accusative plural)
Brocēniem (instrumental plural)
Brocēnos (locative plural)
Brocēni (plural vocative)


Cesvaine

Cesvaine (nominative singular)
Cesvaines (genitive singular)
Cesvainei (dative singular)
Cesvaini (accusative singular)
Cesvaini (instrumental singular)
Cesvainē (locative singular)
Cesvaine (singular vocative)


Dobele

Dobele (nominative singular)
Dobeles (genitive singular)
Dobelei (dative singular)
Dobeli (accusative singular)
Dobeli (instrumental singular)
Dobelē (locative singular)
Dobele (singular vocative)


Durbe

Durbe (nominative singular)
Durbes (genitive singular)
Durbei (dative singular)
Durbi (accusative singular)
Durbi (instrumental singular)
Durbē (locative singular)
Durbe (singular vocative)


Grobiņa

Grobiņa (nominative singular)
Grobiņas (genitive singular)
Grobiņai (dative singular)
Grobiņu (accusative singular)
Grobiņu (instrumental singular)
Grobiņā (locative singular)
Grobiņa (singular vocative)

Of Curonian origin, from gruobīns (“sports forest”) (skābaržu mežs), first mentioned in 854.


Gulbene

Gulbene (nominative singular)
Gulbenes (genitive singular)
Gulbenei (dative singular)
Gulbeni (accusative singular)
Gulbeni (instrumental singular)
Gulbenē (locative singular)
Gulbene (singular vocative)


Iecava

Iecava (nominative singular)
Iecavas (genitive singular)
Iecavai (dative singular)
Iecavu (accusative singular)
Iecavu (instrumental singular)
Iecavā (locative singular)
Iecava (singular vocative)


Ikšķile

Ikšķile (nominative singular)
Ikšķiles (genitive singular)
Ikšķilei (dative singular)
Ikšķili (accusative singular)
Ikšķili (instrumental singular)
Ikšķilē (locative singular)
Ikšķile (singular vocative)


Ilūkste

Ilūkste (nominative singular)
Ilūkstes (genitive singular)
Ilūkstei (dative singular)
Ilūksti (accusative singular)
Ilūksti (instrumental singular)
Ilūkstē (locative singular)
Ilūkste (singular vocative)