바다

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 바닿〮 (Yale: pàtáh), from pre-Middle Korean *바닥〮 (Yale: *pàták), a form still preserved directly in certain southern dialects. An Old Korean phrase attested in a tenth-century poem, 海惡中 (“in the sea”), has sometimes been segmented as 海惡中 (*PATak-kuy, “in the sea”), which would provide direct attestation of *pàták. However, this is conventionally understood as 海惡中 (*PATOL-a-kuy, “in the sea”), with 惡中 a spelling variant of the fused locative 良中 (*a-kuy).
The */-k/ may be the remnant of an archaic place suffix (see Appendix:Middle Korean h-final nouns), which leaves *바다〮 (Yale: *pàtá) as the etymological root; this notion is further supported by the existence of the alternative Middle Korean form 바ᄅᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: pàlól), representing intervocalic lenition of /t/ to [ɾ] (phonemically /l/) from Old Korean 海等 (*PAtol), a form presumably related to *pàták but with different suffixation. Despite being both the only attested Old Korean form and the more common Middle Korean form, the variant with coda /l/ is now lost in most dialects.
The word may speculatively be related to 바닥 (badak, “floor; flat surface”), according to Kim 2008. Beyond Korean, the word is believed to be related to Japanese 海(わた) (wata, “sea”), perhaps via ancient borrowing from Korean to Japanese, given the apparent lack of derivatives in Japonic languages, compared to the established Japonic root *omi (“sea, ocean”) with many derived terms.

ko-etym-native

바다와 하늘 모두 얼마나 푸르렀는지, 수평선 따위는 누군가 지어낸 이야기일 뿐이라고 나는 확신했다.

Bada-wa haneul modu eolmana pureureonneunji, supyeongseon ttawi-neun nugun'ga jieonaen iyagi-il ppun-irago na-neun hwaksin-haetda.

The sea and the sky were both so blue that I was certain that the horizon was but a story someone had made up.

하ᄂᆞᆯ히 길고 바다히 너ᄅᆞ니 ᄒᆞᆫ이 ᄀᆞ이 업도다

1617, 東國新續三綱行實圖／동국신속삼강행실도 [New Edition of the Korean Illustrated Conduct of the Three Bonds]:

The skies are long and the seas are wide; how endless therefore is my grief.

hanol-hi kilkwo pata-hi neloni hon-i ko-i eptwota

바다 ᄒᆞᆫ 가온ᄃᆡ ᄲᅮ리 업슨 남기 나셔 가지ᄂᆞᆫ 열둘이오 닙흔 삼ᄇᆡᆨ 예순이라 그 남게 여름이 열니되 다만 둘이 열녓더라

c. 1790, 樂學拾零 (Akhak Seumnyeong) [Tidbits of the Musical Sciences]:

In the middle of the ocean grows a tree with no roots, whose branches number twelve and whose leaves are three hundred sixty. Fruits grow on that tree−but no more than two fruits.

pata hon kawontoy spwuli epsun namki nasye kaci-non yeltwul-iwo nip-hun sampoyk yeyswun-ila ku nam-key yelum-i yelnitwoy taman twul-i yelnyestela

黃(황)昏(혼)이 바다가 되어
 오늘도 數(수)많은 배가
 나와 함께 이 물결에 잠겼을게오.

1955 (posthumous), 윤동주／尹東柱, “黃(황)昏(혼)이 바다가 되어”, in 하늘과 바람과 별과 詩(시) [Sky, Wind, and Stars]:

The twilight becomes the ocean; today too, countless boats will have sunk in these waves with me.

성산포 바다 상황 나쁘지 않아 낚시 즐기실 수 있겠고요.

2021 February 5, “2월 6일 토요일, 곳곳에 강한 바람, 출조에 주의 [2wol 6il toyoil, gotgose ganghan baram, chuljo'e juui, Saturday February 6, strong winds in many places, take caution if fishing]”, in ytn.co.kr, Yonhap News Agency:

The [weather] situation in the seas [off] Seongsan-po won't be bad, so you'll be able to enjoy your fishing.

바릇缾Note: Jeolla and Gyeongsang speakers may prefer to use words for 'beach'

'seashore' in contexts where Seoul speakers would use 바다.This table is an amalgamation of surveys of speakers mostly born before 1950 and may not reflect the language of younger speakers

which has lexically converged towards the standard Seoul dialect in both North and South Koreas


해

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

More information(MC reading: 亥 (MC hojX))(MC reading: 侅 (MC khoj|koj|heajX|hojX))(MC reading: 偕 (MC keaj))(MC reading: 㒠 (MC heajH))(MC reading: 㕢 (MC haejH|kojH))(MC reading: 咍 (MC xoj))(MC reading: 咳 (MC hoj))(MC reading: 嗐)(MC reading: 嗨)(MC reading: 㗨 (MC xea))(MC reading: 𠿇)(MC reading: 垓 (MC koj))(MC reading: 㚊 (MC khoj))(MC reading: 𡗼)(MC reading: 奚 (MC hej))(MC reading: 姟 (MC koj))(MC reading: 㜾)(MC reading: 孩 (MC hoj))(eumhun reading: 해칠 해 (haechil hae))
(MC reading: 害 (MC hajH))(MC reading: 㞒 (MC xeajH))(MC reading: 嶰 (MC heaX))(MC reading: 廨 (MC keaH))(MC reading: 㤥 (MC hojH))(MC reading: 慀 (MC hejH))(MC reading: 懈 (MC keaH))(MC reading: 㳦 (MC heajH))(eumhun reading: 바다 해 (bada hae))
(MC reading: 海 (MC xojX))(MC reading: 湝 (MC keaj|heaj))(MC reading: 澥 (MC heaX))(MC reading: 瀣 (MC heajH|hojH))(MC reading: 獬 (MC heaX))(MC reading: 郋 (MC hej))(MC reading: 陔 (MC koj))(MC reading: 𨼬 (MC heaX))(MC reading: 𢿓)(MC reading: 楷 (MC keaj|kheajX))(MC reading: 檞 (MC keaX))(MC reading: 㰡)(MC reading: 㰧)(MC reading: 㰨 (MC xea))(MC reading: 㰩)(MC reading: 欬 (MC 'aejH|khojH))(MC reading: 㱼)(MC reading: 㱾 (MC khoj))(MC reading: 氦)(MC reading: 瑎 (MC heaj))(MC reading: 薤 (MC heajH))(MC reading: 𨒨)(MC reading: 邂 (MC heaH))(MC reading: 畡)(MC reading: 㾂 (MC xoj))(MC reading: 痎 (MC keaj))(MC reading: 㾬)(MC reading: 䀭)(MC reading: 𥎎)(MC reading: 祄)(MC reading: 𥩲 (MC hojX))(MC reading: 䇋)(MC reading: 絯 (MC koj|heajX))(MC reading: 繲 (MC keaH))(MC reading: 𦤬 (MC xaejH))(eumhun reading: 게 해 (ge hae))
(MC reading: 蟹 (MC heaX))(MC reading: 蠏)(MC reading: 觟 (MC hwaeX))(MC reading: 解 (MC heaX|keaX|keaH|heaH))(MC reading: 觧)(MC reading: 𧥤)(MC reading: 䚸)(MC reading: 該 (MC koj))(MC reading: 𧧾)(MC reading: 諧 (MC heaj))(MC reading: 豥 (MC koj|hoj))(MC reading: 貕 (MC hej))(MC reading: 𧻲 (MC hoj))(MC reading: 𧽊)(MC reading: 𧽖)(MC reading: 𨀖)(MC reading: 䠹)(MC reading: 䠽 (MC hoj))(MC reading: 輆 (MC khojX))(MC reading: 䡡)(MC reading: 酼)(MC reading: 𨡬)(MC reading: 醢 (MC xojX))(MC reading: 䦏 (MC hejH|heajH))(MC reading: 𩋧)(MC reading: 韰 (MC heajH))(MC reading: 𩐉)(MC reading: 䪥 (MC heajH))(MC reading: 䪱)(MC reading: 頦 (MC hoj|kojX))(MC reading: 餀 (MC xajH))(MC reading: 饚)(MC reading: 𩠚)(MC reading: 𩡔 (MC xat))(MC reading: 駭 (MC heajX))(MC reading: 駴 (MC heajX))(MC reading: 𩤠 (MC heaj))(MC reading: 䯐)(eumhun reading: 뼈 해 (ppyeo hae))
(MC reading: 骸 (MC heaj))(MC reading: 𩪃)(MC reading: 鮭 (MC kwej|khwej|hea))(MC reading: 䱺 (MC hoj))(MC reading: 䲒 (MC heaX))(MC reading: 龤 (MC heaj))


바닷가

Of native Korean origin. 바다 (bada, “sea”) + -ㅅ- (-s-) + 가 (ga, “edge”).


해변

우리는 해변을 잠시 다녀왔다.


지진해일

Sino-Korean word from 지진(地震) (jijin) + 해일(海溢) (haeil).

ko-etym-sino

tsunami (large, destructive wave generally caused by a tremendous disturbance in the ocean)


바닷물

From 바다 (bada, “sea”) + -ㅅ- (-s-, genitive marker) + 물 (mul, “water”).


쓰나미

Borrowed from Japanese 津波(つなみ) (tsunami).


바다색

From 바다 (bada, “ocean”) + 색(色) (saek, “colour”).


방파제

Sino-Korean word from 防波堤 (“breakwater”).


밤바다

Of native Korean origin. From 밤 (bam, “night”) + 바다 (bada, “ocean”).