還

→ Thai: หวน (hǔuan)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡʷraːn, *sɢʷan): semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ) – to go back; to return.
; “to return”
; "still; also"

即以其人之道，還治其人之身 / 即以其人之道，还治其人之身

jí yǐ qí rén zhī dào, huán zhì qí rén zhī shēn

1995, Out of the Dark, spoken by Leon (Stephen Chow):

cat¹ hung² lau⁴ hyut³ waan⁴ cat¹ hung² lau⁴ hyut³, sei² waan⁴ sei², loeng⁵ wui⁴ si⁶ lai⁴ ge³, nei⁵ cin¹ kei⁴ m⁴ hou² wan⁶ ngaau⁴.

七孔流血還七孔流血，死還死，兩回事嚟嘅，你千祈唔好混淆。

七孔流血还七孔流血，死还死，两回事嚟嘅，你千祈唔好混淆。

(Cantonese, Pingxiang Gan, Hakka, Hokkien, Liuzhou Mandarin, Nanning Pinghua) to treat separately


還

還大雨噢！

还大雨噢！


郎

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (郎):
* → Japanese: 郎(ろう) (rō)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *raːŋ): phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ) + semantic 邑 (“county; town”).
STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/m-laŋ (“penis; male; husband”), including Burmese လင် (lang, “husband”) as a descendant.
However, Zev Handel considers comparison to this root to be improbable since the meaning of "husband; young man" is not attested in early texts. These senses seem to develop from "an official's title", which was a metonymic extension of "veranda or corridor (of a palace or mansion)" (later written as 廊) (Schuessler, 2007). Schuessler (2007) suggests that the Burmese word is a loan from Chinese.

inh

(literary or dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Gan, Xiang, Northern Min) son-in-law (daughter's husband)


醹

(dialectal Cantonese, Hakka) thick; viscous


鉎

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sreŋ, *sleːŋ): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).

Han compound

Harm oneself (just like copper rusting).

Dè̤ng săng cĭng, hâi cê̤ṳ-sĭng. / [tøyŋ⁵³ saŋ⁵⁵ t͡siŋ⁵⁵ hɑi²⁴² t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liŋ⁵⁵]

銅生鉎，害自身。

铜生𰽫，害自身。

(obsolete or Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Southern Min, Eastern Min) rust


鐳

Borrowed from Malay duit, from Dutch duit.

趁鐳

趁镭

Some people foolishly act like they don't care about money, but in the end money trumps friendship and loyalty

1998, 片頭曲/Opening Theme, 錢不夠用 (Money Not Enough)

yǒu-xiē rén shuō mài kóng lúi kî-si̍t sī ké hàu-tai, yào jiǎng jiāo-qíng ia̍h-sī kóng gī-khì koh sī kóng lúi khah si̍t-chāi

有些人說莫講鐳其實是假孝呆，要講交情抑是講義氣閣是講鐳較實在

有些人说莫讲镭其实是假孝呆，要讲交情抑是讲义气阁是讲镭较实在

(Malaysian Cantonese and Singapore Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min; Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien; slang in Hong Kong Cantonese) money


鑊

→ Arabic: وُوك (wūk)

→ Armenian: վոկ (vok)

→⇒ Czech: pánev wok

→ Danish: wok

→ Dutch: wok

→ English: wok

→ Esperanto: uoko

→ Faroese: vokk

→⇒ Finnish: wokkipannu

→ French: wok

→ German: Wok

→⇒ Icelandic: wok-panna

→ Irish: wok

→ Polish: wok

→ Portuguese: wok

→ Russian: вок (vok)

→ Scottish Gaelic: wok

→ Spanish: wok

→⇒ Swedish: wokpanna

→ Welsh: woc

→ Vietnamese: vạc

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɢʷaːɡ): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 蒦.

Han compound

(Cantonese, Hakka) wok (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 個／个 c)


閂

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 門 (“gate”) + 一 (“crossbar”) ― a crossbar over a gate; sealing it closed.
Compare 關.
Related to 關 (OC *kroːn) (Zhengzhang, 2003).

閂埋個窗／闩埋个窗 [Cantonese] ― saan¹ maai⁴ go³ coeng¹ [Jyutping] ― to close up the window

(Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) to close (a door, a gate, etc.)


開

开
𫔭
䦐
𨴉
𨳩
𨴂
𨵹
𨶘
𨵑
开
K
开
开
嗨

(Can we date this quote?), “海南鷄飯”, 张少林 [Chong Sau Lin] (lyrics), 伍佰 [Wu Bai] (music)performed by 张少林 [Chong Sau Lin]:

After eating it, everyone would come to applaud

齐家吃开晓来称赞

齊家吃開曉來稱讚

(dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) Perfective aspect particle.


閒

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 門 (“door”) + 月 (“moon”) – moonlight peeking through a door – interstice; space (original character of 間).
Karlgren (1957) and Baxter (1992) connect this word with 間 (OC *kreːn, “interstice time”).
Alternatively, Pulleyblank (1973) suggests that it is cognate with 暇 (OC *ɡraːs, “to be at leisure”).
Schuessler (2007) considers this unrelated to 間 (OC *kreːn, *kreːns), and instead proposes that this is borrowed from Tai languages, akin to Thai คร้าน (kráan, “lazy; indolent”). 懶 (OC *raːnʔ, “lazy”) may be a colloquial reflex of the same word (ibid.).

(Hakka) alternative form of 還 /还 (“very”)


降

夅
𨹓
𡲣
𡲛
夅
𨹓
𡲣
𡲛
𫱔

2012, 黃翠芳 [Grace Huang], “阿奶好作 [Easy To Be A Lady]”, in 牽等你介手 [Hold Your Hands], performed by 黃翠芳 [Grace Huang]:

People are not born to wait to be served

ngin m heˇ giungˇ haˋ loi ciu+ denˊ ngin fugˋ sii+

人毋係降下來就等人服侍

人毋系降下来就等人服侍


隔

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (隔):
* → Vietnamese: cách (隔)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kreːɡ): semantic 阝 (“wall”) + phonetic 鬲 (OC *kreːɡ, *ɡ·reːɡ) – to separate with a wall.

Han compound

(Hakka) to pull something apart (with one's hand)


雀

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/tiak̚²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/tiak̚²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 小 (“small”) + 隹 (“bird”) – a small bird, a sparrow.
In the current form, the upper part looks like 少, but what looks like the bottom stroke of 少 is actually the upper left stroke of 隹, extended.

雀竇／雀窦 [Cantonese] ― zoek³ dau³ [Jyutping] ― bird nest

(Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) bird (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


靚

靓
靓
靓
精
倩
靓
像
倩

靚仔

靓仔

靚衫

靓衫

靚相

靓相

You're not going out or anything; what do you need to dress so well for?

nei⁵ dou¹ m⁴ hai⁶ ceot¹ gaai¹, sai² mat¹ zoek³ gam³ leng³ aa³?

你都唔係出街，使乜著咁靚呀？

你都唔系出街，使乜著咁靓呀？

nei¹ go³ neoi⁵ zai² dou¹ gei² leng³ aa³ haa².

呢個女仔都幾靚呀吓。

呢个女仔都几靓呀吓。

(regional, including Cantonese, Hakka, Pinghua) pretty; beautiful

今晚煲湯夠嗮靚！

今晚煲汤够嗮靓！

The material of this shirt is pretty good.

gin⁶ saam¹ di¹ zat¹ dei⁶⁻² dou¹ gei² leng³ wo³.

件衫啲質地都幾靚喎。

件衫啲质地都几靓㖞。

(Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Pinghua) good; fine


靚

靓
靓
靓
精
倩
靓
像
倩


項

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡroːŋʔ): phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).

Han compound

桌項／桌项 [Sixian Hakka] ― chok hong [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ] ― on the desk


頓

edit中斷

temporarily; to be willing to give up; chiefly in the negative

Other verb uses:
(Hakka) to hit; to bump into with elbow

Other verb uses:
to hit; to bump into with elbow


頭

/tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

Burmese language
French language
German language
Khmer language
Latin language
Middle High German language
Nuosu language
Proto-Loloish language
Proto-Mon-Khmer language
Proto-Sino-Tibetan language
Tibetan language

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *doː): phonetic 豆 (OC *doːs) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
Replaced earlier 首 (MC syuwX, “head”) due to homophony with 手 (ɕɨuX, “hand”) (Sagart, 1999).
Several etymologies have been proposed:
* From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tV-pu (“head”) or its allofam *du (“head”); compare Tibetan དབུ (dbu, “head”), Burmese ဦး (u:, “head”), Nuosu ꀑ (o, “head”), Proto-Loloish *ʔ-du² (“head”) (Benedict, 1972; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT; Starostin).
* Contraction of 髑髏 (OC *doːɡ roː, “skull”) (Wu, 2006).
* From Proto-Mon-Khmer *duul() (“to carry on one's head”), whence Khmer ទូល (tul); this is phonologically plausible since final consonants are often lost after a long vowel in loanwords (Schuessler, 2007).
* A variant of 豆 (OC *doːs, “a kind of vessel”), as skulls could have been used as drinking recipients; compare French tête (“head”) from Latin testa (“pot; jug”) and German Kopf (“head”) from Middle High German kopf (“drinking vessel”) (Maréchal, 1994; Sagart, 1999). However, Schuessler (2007) notes that 豆 (*doːs) seems like a tone C (去聲) derivation from 頭 (*doː), which may have originally meant “skull”.
* Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstructs the Old Chinese with a *m- prefix for human body parts, deriving it from 兜 (*tˤo, “helmet; hood”).

cog-lite

車頭／车头 [Hokkien] ― chhia-thâu [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― train station

(Hakka, Southern Min, dated in Mainland China) station


食

Pictogram (象形): a mouth (亼) over a bowl of rice on a stand. While the current form is 亼+艮, the lower part (bowl of rice on a stand) is the pictogram 皀 and is similar but unrelated 良 or 艮. This is more visible in the form 𠊊.
Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *lɯɡs, *ɦljɯɡ): phonetic 亼 (OC *zub) + semantic 皀; see 𠊊.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mə-l(j)ək.

Han compound

𠊊
𩚁
𩚀
𩚃
𠋑
𨢁
𠊊
吃
𠋡
呷
噍

食之无味，弃之可惜 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
shí zhī wúwèi, qì zhī kěxī [Pinyin]

你食咗飯未呀？

你食咗饭未呀？

Chinese people use chopsticks to eat with.

zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ hai⁶ zaa¹ faai³ zi² sik⁶ faan⁶ ge³.

中國人係揸筷子食飯嘅。

中国人系揸筷子食饭嘅。

Last Sunday, I ate dinner together with my friends.

soeng⁶ sing¹ kei⁴ jat⁶ ngo⁵ tung⁴ di¹ pang⁴ jau⁵ jat¹ cai⁴ sik⁶ maan⁵ faan⁶.

上星期日我同啲朋友一齊食晚飯。

上星期日我同啲朋友一齐食晚饭。

I have been the whole day without eating, and the whole night without sleeping; occupied with thinking. It was of no use. The better plan is to learn.

The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Wú cháng zhōngrì bù shí, zhōngyè bù qǐn, yǐ sī, wú yì, bùrú xué yě.

吾嘗終日不食，終夜不寢，以思，無益，不如學也。

吾尝终日不食，终夜不寝，以思，无益，不如学也。

(literary or Cantonese, Hakka) to eat; to have a meal; to take in

If you drink wine, you have to drink Zhuyeqing (three-year-old Shaoxing wine).

食酒愛食竹葉青。

食酒爱食竹叶青。

食煙／食烟 [Cantonese] ― sik⁶ jin¹ [Jyutping] ― to smoke

食大麻 [Cantonese] ― sik⁶ daai⁶ maa⁴ [Jyutping] ― to smoke marijuana

(Cantonese, Hakka) to take in; to inhale; to smoke

When playing blind chess, a rook can capture knights, cannons, advisors, bishops or pawns.

waan⁴⁻² maang⁴ kei⁴⁻² ge³ si⁴ hau⁶, geoi¹ ho² ji⁵ sik⁶ maa⁵, paau³, si⁶, zoeng⁶, zeot¹.

玩盲棋嘅時候，車可以食馬、炮、士、象、卒。

玩盲棋嘅时候，车可以食马、炮、士、象、卒。

(Cantonese, Hakka, board games) to capture


飲

In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 酉 (“bottle (of alcoholic beverages)”) + 人 (“person”) + 口 (“mouth (occasionally with the tongue protruding)”) – a person bending over a bottle to drink the alcoholic beverage. The droplets represented drops of the drink or saliva.
In the bronze script, the mouth separated from the body and corrupted into 今 (OC *krɯm), while the rest of the body became 欠 (OC *kʰoms). These two components also acted as phonetic components. These changes were inherited in the seal script, leading Shuowen to interpret this character (㱃) as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms): phonetic 酓 (OC *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms) + semantic 欠 (“yawn”).
In the clerical script, 酓 has been modified to 食 (“to eat”), which is inherited in the current form.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔam (“to eat; to drink”).

inh

饮
㱃
酓
飮
𣲎
𩚜
饮
㱃
酓
飮
𣲎
𩚜
饮

The Mengshe Barbarians use pepper, ginger, and cinnamon to boil as a drink.

Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 7, part 7

Méngshè Mán yǐ jiāo, jiāng, guì hé pēng ér yǐn zhī.

蒙舍蠻以椒、薑、桂和烹而飲之。

蒙舍蛮以椒、姜、桂和烹而饮之。

頸渴就飲水啦。

颈渴就饮水啦。

(dialectal Cantonese, including Taishanese, Yangjiang Yue; dialectal Gan; dialectal Hakka; Min) rice water


髀

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *beːʔ, *peʔ, *piʔ): semantic 骨 (“bone”) + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe).
Cognate with Tibetan དཔྱི (dpyi, “hip”) (Schuessler, 2007) and Japhug tɯχpɣi (“thigh”) (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Han compound

雞髀

鸡髀

The son [of the Sikong] slapped his thigh and burst out laughing, saying: How stubborn, what you said was!

Gōngzǐ fǔ bì dàxiào yuē: gù zāi zǐ zhī yún yě!

公子拊髀大笑曰：固哉子之云也！

1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, Macao: S.W. Williams, page 164:

To roast a leg of mutton much care is needed.

燒羊肶要用心

烧羊肶要用心


鮮

→ Vietnamese: tươi

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *sen, *senʔ, *sens): semantic 魚 (“fish”) + abbreviated phonetic 羴 (OC *qʰreːn, *qʰljen).
Alternatively, may be ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 魚 (“fish”) + 羊 (“sheep”) – delicious.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sar (“new; fresh”). Cognate with Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-sar (“new; fresh”), whence Tibetan གསར་བ (gsar ba, “new; fresh”), Rawang angsar (“new”), Drung aksal (“new”), Mizo tʰarᴴ (“new”) (Schuessler, 2007); cognate with Tibetan གསར་ (gsar, “new”), Burmese ဆန်း (hcan:, “new, fresh”) (Hill, 2019).

cog

鲜
鱻/𱈜
䲆
觧
⿰⿱⺈冂羊
𱆮
⿰𩵋羊
鲜
*鱻
尟
赻
*尠
鲜


麼

Probably from 物 (MC mjut, “what”) (Zhang, 2001; Jiang, 2018).

么
麽
庅
么
麽
庅
么
麽
庅
嗎:má
嘛:má
麽
麽
庅
尛
𡭚
𡭯
𡮡
𤹳
么
麽
乜
嗎

麼個

么个

麼人

么人


鼻

Characters in the same phonetic series (畀) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *blids): semantic 自 (“nose”) + phonetic 畀 (OC *pids).
自 (OC *ɦljids) originally meant “nose” but came to be used to mean “self”, so the sense of “nose” has been replaced by 鼻 (OC *blids). Some scholars interpret 鼻 (OC *blids) as a combination of a nose (自 (OC *ɦljids)) and two lungs (畀 (OC *pids)), however 畀 on oracle bones represents an arrow.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bi (“nose”); compare Nuosu ꅳꁖ (hnap bbit, “nose; snot”).
Alternatively, it may be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-brit (“sneeze; nose; swallow”), whence Tibetan སྦྲིད (sbrid, “sneeze”), but there is no trace of r in Chinese (Schuessler, 2007).
In some modern lects, including Mandarin, Gan, Jin, Wu, and Xiang, and even in the literary layer of some Min dialects, the word reflects a form with final *-t. For example, in standard Mandarin, the word is pronounced bí (implying an old entering tone) instead of bì (the expected reflex from the departing tone in Middle Chinese). This is due to a phonological phenomenon in the northwest, either an early loss of *-s in the *-ts cluster before regular final cluster simplification occurred (Baxter, 1992), or a dialectal change from *-s to *-t (Pulleybank, 1998).


今朝

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (今朝):
* → Japanese: 今朝(こんちょう) (konchō)
* → Korean: 금조(今朝) (geumjo)

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɔ²¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɔ²¹/

/ciŋ³⁵ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ³³ t͡saɯ³³/

/t͡ɕin³³ ʈ͡ʂɒu̯³³/

/t͡ɕin³³ t͡sɒu̯³³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

/kɐm⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɔ²¹/

/t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɔ²¹/

/ciŋ³⁵ t͡sɔ⁵³/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ t͡sɔ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕiŋ³³ t͡saɯ³³/

/t͡ɕin³³ ʈ͡ʂɒu̯³³/

/t͡ɕin³³ t͡sɒu̯³³/

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

I ate too much for breakfast this morning, so I'm still not hungry yet.

ngo⁵ gam¹ ziu¹ sik⁶ zou² caan¹ go² zan⁶ si⁴ sik⁶ dak¹ taai³ do¹ laa³, dou³ ji⁴ gaa¹ dou¹ zung⁶ mei⁶ tou⁵ ngo⁶.

我今朝食早餐嗰陣時食得太多喇，到而家都仲未肚餓。

我今朝食早餐嗰阵时食得太多喇，到而家都仲未肚饿。

Tether it by the foot, tie it by the collar, to prolong this morning.

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

縶之維之，以永今朝。

絷之维之，以永今朝。

Last night, the crazed butterfly slept amid the flowers; this morning it fast flew away—to whom should you complain?

Poem attributed to Kim Byeong'yeon (金炳淵), 1800s

Jagya gwangjeop hwa ri suk, geumjo hol bi hyang su won?

昨夜狂蝶花裏宿，今朝忽飛向誰怨？

(literary or Cantonese, Hakka) this morning


太太

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯¹/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ tʰɛ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ tʰaːi̯³³⁻³⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰai⁴¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰai¹¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰai²¹/

/tʰa⁵⁵ tʰa²¹/

/tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰaɪ̯¹/

/tʰɛ⁴⁴ tʰɛ²⁴/

/tʰaːi̯³³ tʰaːi̯³³⁻³⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/tʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰai⁴¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰai²¹/

/tʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰai¹¹/

/tʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰai²¹/

/tʰa⁵⁵ tʰa²¹/

(Hakka, dialectal Wu) great-great-grandparent


風水

Sino-Xenic (風水):
* → Japanese: 風(ふう)水(すい) (fūsui)
* → Korean: 풍수(風水) (pungsu)
* → Vietnamese: phong thuỷ (風水)

desc

→ English: feng shui (via Mandarin), fung shui (Hong Kong, via Cantonese)

→ Indonesian: fengsui (formal, via Mandarin), hongsui (informal, via Min Nan)

→ Thai: ฮวงจุ้ย (huuang-jûi), ฮวงซุ้ย (huuang-súi) (via Teochew)

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²/

/fəŋ²⁴ fi⁵¹/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/fɵŋ³³ sui⁵⁵/

/hɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))nui⁴⁵³/

/hɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))nui³³²/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sui⁴¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sui⁵³/

/hɔŋ³³⁻²¹ sui⁴⁴⁵/

/hɔŋ³³ sui⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sui⁵³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sui⁴²/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sui⁵²/

/foŋ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²/

/fəŋ²⁴ fi⁵¹/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/fɵŋ³³ sui⁵⁵/

/hɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))nui⁴⁵³/

/hɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))nui³³²/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sui⁴¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sui⁵³/

/hɔŋ³³⁻²¹ sui⁴⁴⁵/

/hɔŋ³³ sui⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sui⁵³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sui⁴²/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sui⁵²/

/foŋ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

(Hakka, Southern Min, Puxian Min) tomb (Classifier: 穴 h mn-t)


猴子

/xoʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/xəu²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/xəɯ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩/

/hɐu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/xəu̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɣ̊ɘu̯¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/xoʊ̯³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/

/xəu²¹ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/xəɯ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩/

/hɐu̯²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/xəu̯¹³ t͡sz̩³/

/ɣ̊ɘu̯¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

(Central Plains and Lanyin Mandarin, dialectal Gan, dialectal Hakka, dialectal Jin) praying mantis


麻雀

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (麻雀):
* → Korean: 마작(麻雀) (majak, “mahjong”)

Wutunhua: macio

desc

→ Burmese: မာကျောက် (ma-kyauk, “mahjong”)

→ Dutch: matjok (“Surinamese variant of mahjong”)

→ Japanese: 麻(マー)雀(ジャン) (mājan) (orthographic)

→ Vietnamese: mạt chược (“mahjong”)

→ Zhuang: mazcoz (“mahjong”)

/mä³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/ma²⁴⁻¹¹ ʈ͡ʂʰoʔ⁵/

/maː²¹ t͡sœːk̚³/

/maː²¹ t͡sœːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/ma³⁵ t͡ɕiɔʔ²/

/ma¹¹ t͡ɕiɔk̚¹/

/ma¹³ t͡sʰyɒʔ²¹/

/ma²⁴ t͡sʰyøʔ²/

/ba²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/

/mã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ma²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ma²³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³/

/mã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/mã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/mã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiak̚³²/

/muã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiak̚³²/

/muã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiak̚³²/

/muã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/mua²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/muã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/mo²² t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁴⁴/

/mo²² t͡ɕiaʔ⁴⁴/

/mo²² t͡sʰiɑʔ³³/

/mo²² t͡siɑʔ³³/

/mɤa³³ t͡sĩ⁵⁵/

/mä³⁵ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵¹/

/ma²⁴⁻¹¹ ʈ͡ʂʰoʔ⁵/

/maː²¹ t͡sœːk̚³/

/maː²¹ t͡sœːk̚³⁻³⁵/

/ma³⁵ t͡ɕiɔʔ²/

/ma¹¹ t͡ɕiɔk̚¹/

/ma¹³ t͡sʰyɒʔ²¹/

/ma²⁴ t͡sʰyøʔ²/

/ba²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ba²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔk̚⁵/

/mã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ma²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/ma²³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³/

/mã²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/mã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/mã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiak̚³²/

/muã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiak̚³²/

/muã¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiak̚³²/

/muã²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/mua²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/muã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/mo²² t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁴⁴/

/mo²² t͡ɕiaʔ⁴⁴/

/mo²² t͡sʰiɑʔ³³/

/mo²² t͡siɑʔ³³/

/mɤa³³ t͡sĩ⁵⁵/

(dialectal, including Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min, Eastern Min, Pinghua) mahjong


養子

/jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/iaŋ⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/jœːŋ¹³ t͡siː³⁵/

/i̯oŋ²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/iaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/iaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/iũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/iũ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/ɦiã²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/i̯æn⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹/

/i̯æn⁴¹ t͡ɕi⁴¹/

/jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/iaŋ⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³/

/jœːŋ¹³ t͡siː³⁵/

/i̯oŋ²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/iaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/iaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/iũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/iũ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/ɦiã²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/i̯æn⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹/

/i̯æn⁴¹ t͡ɕi⁴¹/


地理

/ti⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰi¹¹ li²¹³/

/ti²⁴²⁻⁵³ l̃i³³/

/te⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/

/te²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/te³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

/tue³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/

/ti⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰi¹¹ li²¹³/

/ti²⁴²⁻⁵³ l̃i³³/

/te⁴¹⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴/

/te²²⁻²¹ li⁵³/

/te³³⁻²¹ li⁴¹/

/tue³³⁻¹¹ li⁵³/

Originally meant literally, “[definite] arrangement[s] of the earth”; attested earliest in the first part of Xici (繫辭上) commentary to the Classic of Changes:
*

lit

(The sage), in accordance with (the Yi), looking up, contemplates the brilliant phenomena of the heavens, and, looking down, examines the definite arrangements of the earth; …

I Ching, 11ᵗʰ – 8ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

yǎng yǐ guān yú tiānwén, fǔ yǐ chá yú dìlǐ,......

仰以觀於天文，俯以察於地理，……

仰以观于天文，俯以察于地理，……

(chiefly dialectal Mandarin, Hakka, Min) feng shui


左手

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (左手):
* → Japanese: 左(さ)手(しゅ) (sashu)

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/tᵘɔ⁵⁵ siu⁵⁵/

/ˈt͡so²¹³⁻²⁴ sɨu²¹³/

/t͡so²⁴⁻³³ ʃiu²⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁵³⁻¹¹ səu⁵³/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡su³³ sɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi³³ sɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡so³³ ɕi̯u³³/

/t͡su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɔː³⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/tᵘɔ⁵⁵ siu⁵⁵/

/ˈt͡so²¹³⁻²⁴ sɨu²¹³/

/t͡so²⁴⁻³³ ʃiu²⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁵³⁻¹¹ səu⁵³/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/t͡sɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡su³³ sɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi³³ sɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡so³³ ɕi̯u³³/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Hakka) left-hander


言語

Sino-Xenic (言語):
* → Japanese: 言(げん)語(ご) (gengo)
* → Korean: 언어(言語) (eoneo)
* → Vietnamese: ngôn ngữ (言語)

/jɛn³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋi̯en¹¹ ŋi²⁴/

/ŋi̯an¹¹ ŋi²⁴/

/ɡiɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵³/

/ɡiɛn²⁴⁻²² ɡu⁵³/

/ɡiɛn²⁴⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡan¹³⁻²² ɡi⁵³/

/ɡiɛn²³⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/

/ŋaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡɯ⁵²/

/ɦi²² n̠ʲy⁴⁴/

/jɛn³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋi̯en¹¹ ŋi²⁴/

/ŋi̯an¹¹ ŋi²⁴/

/ɡiɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵³/

/ɡiɛn²⁴⁻²² ɡu⁵³/

/ɡiɛn²⁴⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡan¹³⁻²² ɡi⁵³/

/ɡiɛn²³⁻³³ ɡi⁴¹/

/ŋaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡɯ⁵²/

/ɦi²² n̠ʲy⁴⁴/

/jɛn³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɛn³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ŋi̯en¹¹ ŋi²⁴/

/ŋi̯an¹¹ ŋi²⁴/

他一聲不言語就走了。

他一声不言语就走了。

你怎麼不言語？

你怎么不言语？

(colloquial Mandarin, Hakka) to speak; to say a word


無共款

/mo¹¹ kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ kʰu̯an³¹/

/bo²⁴⁻²² kaŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰuan⁵³/

/bo²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴¹⁻²² kʰuan⁵⁵⁴/

/bo¹³⁻²² kaŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰuan⁵³/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³⁻¹¹ kʰuan⁵³/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ kaŋ³³⁻²¹ kʰuan⁴¹/

/mo¹¹ kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ kʰu̯an³¹/

/bo²⁴⁻²² kaŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰuan⁵³/

/bo²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴¹⁻²² kʰuan⁵⁵⁴/

/bo¹³⁻²² kaŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰuan⁵³/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ³³⁻¹¹ kʰuan⁵³/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ kaŋ³³⁻²¹ kʰuan⁴¹/


共款

/kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ kʰu̯an³¹/

/kaŋ³³⁻¹¹ kʰuan⁵³/

/kaŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰuan⁵³/

/kaŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰuan⁴²/

/kaŋ³³⁻²¹ kʰuan⁴¹/

/kaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰuan⁵³/

/kaŋ²³⁻³³ kʰuan⁴¹/

/kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵ kʰu̯an³¹/

/kaŋ³³⁻¹¹ kʰuan⁵³/

/kaŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰuan⁵³/

/kaŋ²²⁻²¹ kʰuan⁴²/

/kaŋ³³⁻²¹ kʰuan⁴¹/

/kaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰuan⁵³/

/kaŋ²³⁻³³ kʰuan⁴¹/


先生

He Xiangning
Soong Ching-ling
Yang Jiang

Sino-Xenic (先生):
* → Japanese: 先生(せんせい) (sensei) (see there for further descendants)
* → Okinawan: 先生(しんしー) (shinshī)
* → Korean: 선생(先生) (seonsaeng)
* → Jeju: 선싕 (seonsuing) ; 선셍 (seonseng); 선승 (seonseung)
* → Vietnamese: tiên sinh (先生)

→ Amis: singsi (via Hokkien)

→ English: sinseh (via Hokkien)

→ Indonesian: sinse, singse, sengsai (via Hokkien)

→ Khmer: ស៊ិនសែ (sɨnsae) (via Teochew)

→ Sakizaya: singsi (via Hokkien)

desc

→ Thai: ซินแส (sin-sɛ̌ɛ), จีนแส (jiin-sɛ̌ɛ) (via Teochew)

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²/

/ɕiɛn⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/ɕiæ̃²⁴ səŋ²⁴/

/siːn⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiɛn⁴² sɛn²/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ saŋ²⁴/

/ɕin⁴⁴ saŋ⁴⁴/

/ɕie¹¹ səŋ¹¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾naŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))na⁵³³/

/ɬɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))na⁵⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sĩ⁴⁴/

/siɛn³³ sĩ³³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ sĩ⁴⁴/

/sin³³⁻²¹ sɛ̃³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sẽ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sẽ⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ²/

/ɕiɛn⁵⁵ sən⁵⁵/

/ɕiæ̃²⁴ səŋ²⁴/

/siːn⁵⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/ɕiɛn⁴² sɛn²/

/sin²⁴⁻¹¹ saŋ²⁴/

/ɕin⁴⁴ saŋ⁴⁴/

/ɕie¹¹ səŋ¹¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾naŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))na⁵³³/

/ɬɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))na⁵⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sĩ⁴⁴/

/siɛn³³ sĩ³³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ sĩ⁴⁴/

/sin³³⁻²¹ sɛ̃³³/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sẽ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sẽ⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ sẽ⁴⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ sẽ³³/

The specific pronunciation of Taiwanese Hokkien 先生 (siăn-sé) is from Japanese 先生(せんせい) (sensei) as evidenced by its pitch accent pronunciation.

My elder brother said, "Today, I've invited Dr. He to come and give you a check up."

Dàgē shuō: “Jīntiān qǐng Hé xiānshēng lái, gěi nǐ zhěn yī zhěn.”

大哥說：「今天請何先生來，給你診一診。」

大哥说：「今天请何先生来，给你诊一诊。」

(Gan, Hakka, Min, dated in Mandarin and Jin) doctor

doctor practising traditional Chinese medicine

The teacher speaks, and the students silently listen.

Sian-siⁿ kóng, ha̍k-seng tiām-tiām thiaⁿ.

先生講，學生恬恬聽。

先生讲，学生恬恬听。

Lièzǐ yuē: “Xī, zǐ zhī xiānshēng sǐ yǐ, fú huó yǐ.”

列子曰：「嘻，子之先生死矣，弗活矣。」

When he went to school, the teacher asked him: "Which province is west of Zhili Province?" He answered Shaanxi. The teacher said: "Wrong, it is Shanxi, not Shaanxi." He said: "Would Shaanxi and Shanxi not be close enough?"

Tā zài xuétáng de shíhòu, xiānshēng wèn tā: “Zhílì Shěng de xībiān shì nǎ yī shěng?” Tā shuō shì Shǎnxī. Xiānshēng shuō: “Cuò le, shì Shānxī, bùshì Shǎnxī.” Tā shuō: “Shǎnxī tóng Shānxī, bùshì chābùduō ma?”

他在學堂的時候，先生問他：「直隸省的西邊是哪一省？」他說是陝西。先生說：「錯了，是山西，不是陝西。」他說：「陝西同山西，不是差不多嗎？」

他在学堂的时候，先生问他：「直隶省的西边是哪一省？」他说是陕西。先生说：「错了，是山西，不是陕西。」他说：「陕西同山西，不是差不多吗？」

(honorific in Mandarin, Jin; common in Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min) teacher


化學

/xu̯ä⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/xua⁴⁴ ɕyə²⁴/

/faː³³ hɔːk̚²/

/hua²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ouʔ⁵/

/hua⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾aʔ⁴/

/hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hak̚²⁴/

/hua²¹⁻⁵³ hak̚¹²¹/

/hue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hak̚⁴/

/ho³³ ɦiaʔ⁴⁴/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/

/xua⁴⁴ ɕyə²⁴/

/faː³³ hɔːk̚²/

/hua²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ouʔ⁵/

/hua⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾aʔ⁴/

/hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hak̚²⁴/

/hua²¹⁻⁵³ hak̚¹²¹/

/hue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hak̚⁴/

/ho³³ ɦiaʔ⁴⁴/

Apparently first attested in a diary entry of Wang Tao on March 31st, 1855. The term was subsequently popularized by 六合叢談 (The Shanghae Serial) [1857].

The water bottle is so brittle; it broke after using it just a few times!

go³ seoi² zeon¹ gam³ faa³ hok⁶ gaa³, jung⁶ loeng⁵ je⁵ zau⁶ baau³ zo² wo⁴!

個水樽咁化學㗎，用兩嘢就爆咗喎！

个水樽咁化学㗎，用两嘢就爆咗㖞！

(Liuzhou Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka) fragile; brittle; unreliable; cheaply made; frail


火藥

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (火藥):
* → Japanese: 火(か)薬(やく) (kayaku)
* → Korean: 화약(火藥) (hwayak)

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/fɔː³⁵ jœːk̚²/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ioʔ⁴/

/hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ioʔ²⁴/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɤʔ⁴/

/hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ioʔ¹²¹/

/hue⁵²⁻³⁵ ieʔ⁴/

/hu³³ ɦiaʔ⁴⁴/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ jɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/fɔː³⁵ jœːk̚²/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ioʔ⁴/

/hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ioʔ²⁴/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɤʔ⁴/

/hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ioʔ¹²¹/

/hue⁵²⁻³⁵ ieʔ⁴/

/hu³³ ɦiaʔ⁴⁴/

(dialectal Hakka, dialectal Wu) match (for lighting candles, cigars, etc.)


東西

→ White Hmong: toobxib

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/toŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴ ɕi²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴/

/tuŋ¹¹ ɕi¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/tɔŋ³³ si³³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/toŋ⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

/toŋ³³ ɕi⁵¹/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/toŋ⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴ ɕi²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐi̯⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ si²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴/

/tuŋ¹¹ ɕi¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/tɔŋ³³ si³³/

/tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/toŋ⁵⁵ ɕi²¹/

/toŋ³³ ɕi⁵¹/

; "thing; stuff"
:The mainstream theory states that people in ancient times (Some theories might claim that the vocab origins from the Han or Tang Dynasty) would go to East and West markets to buy goods respectively, and over time this vocab became a pronoun for "things" in vernacular language.

我有東西要給你。

我有东西要给你。

把我的東西還給我。

把我的东西还给我。

我還有很多東西要學。

我还有很多东西要学。

How can I see that which does not exist?

Bù cúnzài de dōngxi, wǒ zěnme nénggòu kàn de dào?

不存在的東西，我怎麼能夠看得到？

不存在的东西，我怎么能够看得到？

(chiefly Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Jin, Xiang) thing; stuff; something (Classifier: 個／个; 件; 樣／样)


垃圾

/lap̚³²⁻⁴ sap̚³²/

/lap̚³²⁻⁵⁴ sap̚³²/

/la(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sap̚³²/

/la(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sap̚³²/

/la(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² sap̚³²/

/lap̚³²⁻⁴ sap̚³²/

/lap̚³²⁻⁵⁴ sap̚³²/

/la(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sap̚³²/

/la(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sap̚³²/

/la(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² sap̚³²/

From earlier 擸𢶍 (làsà, “to jumble; jumble; litter”). Reduplication derived from a root (*lap or *sap) meaning "untidy, unclean". The pronunciation "lèsè" is possibly influenced by Wu.
Second syllable of the Mainland Mandarin reading lājī is irregular, resulting from the incorrect association of the rare character in its obsolete form 靸 (sǎ) with the usual pronunciation of its phonetic component (及 (jí)).
Cognate with 邋遢 (lāta, “unclean, untidy, unkempt”) (> 邋邋遢遢, 邋裡邋遢／邋里邋遢).

擸𢶍
磖磼
𧞪䙣
𧙀䙣
儠㒎
𦆻颯
拉颯
垃靸
垃趿

(Hakka, Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew) dirty; unhygienic


成人

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/

/sɨn¹¹ ŋin¹¹/

/sən¹¹ ŋin¹¹/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ zin²³/

/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² d͡zin¹³/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/

/sɨn¹¹ ŋin¹¹/

/sən¹¹ ŋin¹¹/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ zin²³/

/siɪŋ¹³⁻²² d͡zin¹³/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin²⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/

/saŋ¹¹ ŋin¹¹/

/siŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³/

/t͡siã²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/t͡siã²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/t͡siã¹³⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/t͡siã²⁴⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴/

/t͡siã²³⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ jɐn²¹/

/saŋ¹¹ ŋin¹¹/

/siŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((Ø-))ŋiŋ⁵³/

/t͡siã²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/t͡siã²⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/t͡siã¹³⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/t͡siã²⁴⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴/

/t͡siã²³⁻³³ laŋ²³/

(Hakka, Southern Min, of a person) presentable; decent


天天

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁵⁵ tʰiɛn⁵⁵/

/tʰiæ̃²⁴ tʰiæ̃⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi̯en²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ tʰiɛn³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/tʰi⁵⁵ tʰi²¹/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁵⁵ tʰiɛn⁵⁵/

/tʰiæ̃²⁴ tʰiæ̃⁵¹/

/tʰiːn⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi̯en²⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn³³ tʰiɛn³³/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/tʰi⁵⁵ tʰi²¹/


仙人

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ n̠ʲin²¹/

/ɕi³³ n̠ʲiŋ⁵¹/

/ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/ɕi⁵⁵ n̠ʲin²¹/

/ɕi³³ n̠ʲiŋ⁵¹/

仙人拍鼓有時錯，跤步踏差啥人無 / 仙人拍鼓有时错，跤步踏差啥人无

sian-jîn phah kó͘ iú sî chhò, kha-pō͘ ta̍h-chha siáⁿ-lâng bô


第一

/tɐi̯²² jɐt̚⁵/

/tɛ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ɛiʔ²⁴/

/te¹¹⁻⁴² iʔ²¹/

/te²¹⁻⁴² iʔ²/

/te²²⁻²¹ it̚³²/

/te⁴¹⁻²² it̚⁵/

/te²²⁻²¹ it̚³²/

/te³³⁻¹¹ it̚³²/

/te³³⁻²¹ it̚³²/

/tõĩ³⁵⁻¹¹ ik̚²/

/tõĩ³⁵⁻¹¹ ek̚²/

/di²² iɪʔ⁴⁴/

/di²² iɪʔ³³/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ i²⁴/

/tɐi̯²² jɐt̚⁵/

/tɛ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ɛiʔ²⁴/

/te¹¹⁻⁴² iʔ²¹/

/te²¹⁻⁴² iʔ²/

/te²²⁻²¹ it̚³²/

/te⁴¹⁻²² it̚⁵/

/te²²⁻²¹ it̚³²/

/te³³⁻¹¹ it̚³²/

/te³³⁻²¹ it̚³²/

/tõĩ³⁵⁻¹¹ ik̚²/

/tõĩ³⁵⁻¹¹ ek̚²/

/di²² iɪʔ⁴⁴/

/di²² iɪʔ³³/

/ti²¹⁻¹¹ i²⁴/


媽媽

妈妈
馬麻
妈妈
嫲嫲
妈妈

paternal grandmother
paternal grandmother

(Northern Min, Ninghua Hakka, dialectal Wu, Fuliang Huizhou) paternal grandmother


過身

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

/kʷɔː³³ sɐn⁵⁵/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ sin⁴⁴/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ sin⁴⁴/

/ke⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sin³³/

/kə¹²⁻⁴⁴ sin⁴⁴/

/kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sin³³/

/kə³¹⁻⁵³ sin³³/

/kə²¹⁻⁴² sin⁴⁴/

/kə²¹⁻⁵³ sin⁴⁴/

/kue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ siŋ³³/

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂən⁵⁵/

/kʷɔː³³ sɐn⁵⁵/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ sin⁴⁴/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ sin⁴⁴/

/ke⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sin³³/

/kə¹²⁻⁴⁴ sin⁴⁴/

/kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sin³³/

/kə³¹⁻⁵³ sin³³/

/kə²¹⁻⁴² sin⁴⁴/

/kə²¹⁻⁵³ sin⁴⁴/

/kue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ siŋ³³/

被難

to be killed in a disaster, political incident

His parents have passed away very early.

keoi⁵ fu⁶ mou⁵ hou² zou² ji⁵ ging¹ gwo³ zo² san¹.

佢父母好早已經過咗身。

佢父母好早已经过咗身。

(literary or Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min) to pass away; to die


靚女

/li̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

léng³ nêu⁵⁻²

/lɛːŋ³³ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/liaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ n̩³¹/

/li̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ny²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɛːŋ³³ nɵy̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/liaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ n̩³¹/

(chiefly Cantonese, Hakka) beautiful woman or girl; beauty; lovely lady (Classifier: 個／个; 位)


簿仔

/pou̯²²⁻³⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/pʰu⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ʋe³¹/

/pʰɔ²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰɔ³³⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰɔ²²⁻²¹ a⁵³/

/pʰɔ²²⁻²¹ a⁴²/

/pou̯²²⁻³⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/pʰu⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ʋe³¹/

/pʰɔ²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰɔ³³⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰɔ²²⁻²¹ a⁵³/

/pʰɔ²²⁻²¹ a⁴²/

(Hakka, Northern Min, Southern Min) book; notebook


無愛

/bɤ²³⁻³³ ai²¹/

/bo²⁴⁻¹² ai¹²/

/bɤ²⁴⁻³³ ai²¹/

/bo²⁴⁻³³ ai²¹/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ ai²¹/

/bo²⁴⁻¹² ai¹²/

/bɤ²⁴⁻³³ ai²¹/

/bo²⁴⁻³³ ai²¹/


定定

/tiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/tɪŋ²² tɪŋ²²/

/tiã²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

/tiã⁴¹⁻²² tiã⁴¹/

/tiã²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

/tiã³³⁻¹¹ tiã³³/

/tiã³³⁻²¹ tiã³³/

/tiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/tɪŋ²² tɪŋ²²/

/tiã²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

/tiã⁴¹⁻²² tiã⁴¹/

/tiã²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

/tiã³³⁻¹¹ tiã³³/

/tiã³³⁻²¹ tiã³³/


定定

/tiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/tɪŋ²² tɪŋ²²/

/tiã²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

/tiã⁴¹⁻²² tiã⁴¹/

/tiã²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

/tiã³³⁻¹¹ tiã³³/

/tiã³³⁻²¹ tiã³³/

/tiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/

/tɪŋ²² tɪŋ²²/

/tiã²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

/tiã⁴¹⁻²² tiã⁴¹/

/tiã²²⁻²¹ tiã²²/

/tiã³³⁻¹¹ tiã³³/

/tiã³³⁻²¹ tiã³³/

(Hakka, at the end of a phrase) that's all; nothing more


車頭

→ Amis: ciyataw

→ Sakizaya: ciyataw

→ Puyuma: siyataw

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰa²⁴ tʰeu̯¹¹/

/t͡ʃʰa⁵³ tʰeu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰia³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰa²⁴ tʰeu̯¹¹/

/t͡ʃʰa⁵³ tʰeu⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau¹³/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰau²³/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰia³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵/

1888, T. L. Stedman, K. P. Lee, A Chinese and English Phrase Book in the Canton Dialect, New York: William R. Jenkins Co., page 143:

Conductor, I want to get off at the next station.

kan⁴ dak¹ daa², ngo⁵ jiu³ dai⁶ ji⁶ go³ ce¹ tau⁴ lok⁶ ce¹.

勤德打，我要第二箇車頭落車。

勤德打，我要第二个车头落车。

You let me wait at the train station for the whole night

1993, 陳雷, 往事就是我的安慰

Lí hō͘ góa tiàm chāi chhia-thâu tán kui-mî

你乎我站在車頭等歸暝

1993, 陳雷, 往事就是我的安慰

你乎我站在车头等归暝

(Hakka, Southern Min, dated in Mainland China) bus stop; train station


按算

/an¹¹⁻⁵³ sŋ̍¹¹/

/an²¹⁻⁵³ sŋ̍²¹/

/an¹¹²⁻⁴² sŋ̍¹¹²/

/an²¹⁻⁴¹ sŋ̍²¹/

/an⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sŋ̍⁴¹/

/an²¹⁻⁵³ suĩ²¹/

/an¹¹⁻⁵³ sŋ̍¹¹/

/an²¹⁻⁵³ sŋ̍²¹/

/an¹¹²⁻⁴² sŋ̍¹¹²/

/an²¹⁻⁴¹ sŋ̍²¹/

/an⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sŋ̍⁴¹/

/an²¹⁻⁵³ suĩ²¹/

(Hakka) to predict; to forecast; to estimate; to anticipate


逐家

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊk̚² kaː⁵⁵/

/tak̚⁴⁻³² ke⁴⁴/

/tak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʊk̚² kaː⁵⁵/

/tak̚⁴⁻³² ke⁴⁴/

/tak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kɛ⁴⁴/


感心

/kän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵⁵/

/kɐm³⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

/kam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sim³³/

/kän²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵⁵/

/kɐm³⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/

/kam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sim³³/

Reborrowed into Taiwanese Hokkien and Hakka from Japanese 感心(かんしん) (kanshin).

(literary or Taiwanese Hokkien, Hakka) touching; moving


過火

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔː³³ fɔː³⁵/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ he⁵³/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ he⁵³/

/kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hə⁵⁵⁴/

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɔː³³ fɔː³⁵/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ he⁵³/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ he⁵³/

/kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hə⁵⁵⁴/

(Hakka, Southern Min) to overcook due to higher heat than needed


電火

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/en³² fᵘɔ⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁵³⁻⁵⁵ fo³¹/

/tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² he⁵⁵⁴/

/tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ he⁵³/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ he⁵³/

/tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² hə⁵⁵⁴/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ hue⁵³/

/tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ huɛ⁵³/

/tiɛn³³⁻²¹ hue⁴¹/

/tieŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hue⁵²/

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/en³² fᵘɔ⁵⁵/

/tʰiɛn⁵³⁻⁵⁵ fo³¹/

/tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² he⁵⁵⁴/

/tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ he⁵³/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ he⁵³/

/tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² hə⁵⁵⁴/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ hue⁵³/

/tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ huɛ⁵³/

/tiɛn³³⁻²¹ hue⁴¹/

/tieŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hue⁵²/

(chiefly Taishanese, Hakka, Southern Min) light; lamp


寒天

/xän³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/xän³⁵ tʰi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/hɔn¹¹ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/kũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))niŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/kuã²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/kuã²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ³³/

/kuã¹³⁻²² tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/kuã²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/kuã²³⁻³³ tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/kũã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰĩ³³/

/xän³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/xän³⁵ tʰi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/hɔn¹¹ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/kũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))niŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/kuã²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/kuã²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ³³/

/kuã¹³⁻²² tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/kuã²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/kuã²³⁻³³ tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/kũã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰĩ³³/

(Hakka, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min, Wu) winter


後生

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯²² saːŋ⁵⁵/

/heu²² saŋ³³⁻²¹⁵/

/hau²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

/hɛu²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/hau²¹ ⁽ᶿ⁻⁾na⁵⁴⁴/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ sĩ⁴⁴/

/hau²²⁻²¹ sĩ⁴⁴/

/hau²²⁻¹² sĩ⁴⁴/

/hau³³⁻²² sĩ³³/

/hau²²⁻²¹ sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ sɛ̃⁵⁵/

/hau³³⁻²¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/hau²²⁻²¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/hau²¹ sɛ̃³³/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/hau¹¹ siɛ̃³³⁴/

/hau³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯²² saːŋ⁵⁵/

/heu²² saŋ³³⁻²¹⁵/

/hau²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

/hɛu²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/hau²¹ ⁽ᶿ⁻⁾na⁵⁴⁴/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ sĩ⁴⁴/

/hau²²⁻²¹ sĩ⁴⁴/

/hau²²⁻¹² sĩ⁴⁴/

/hau³³⁻²² sĩ³³/

/hau²²⁻²¹ sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ sɛ̃⁵⁵/

/hau³³⁻²¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/hau²²⁻²¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/hau²¹ sɛ̃³³/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/hau¹¹ siɛ̃³³⁴/

/hau³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³/

(chiefly Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min, Wu) young


女子

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɵy̯¹³ t͡siː³⁵/

/ŋ̍³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ny²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɵy̯¹³ t͡siː³⁵/

/ŋ̍³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/

/lu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/lu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/

/li⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/

/lɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/

(literary or Wanrong Mandarin, Dungan, Jiangxi Hakka) daughter


牛仔

/ŋɐu̯²¹ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/ŋi̯u¹¹ e³¹/

/ŋu⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iaŋ³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/ɡu²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/ɡu¹³⁻²² a⁵³/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/ŋi̯u¹¹ e³¹/

/ŋu⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iaŋ³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/ɡu²³⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/ɡu¹³⁻²² a⁵³/


歇睏

/hiɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰun²¹/

/hiɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰun²¹/

/hẽ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰun¹¹/

/hẽ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰun²¹/

/hɛ̃(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰun²¹/

/hiɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰun²¹/

/hiɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰun²¹/

/hẽ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰun¹¹/

/hẽ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰun²¹/

/hɛ̃(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰun²¹/

(Hakka, Southern Min, Xianyou Puxian Min) to rest; to take a break


牛乳

/ɡu²⁴⁻²¹ ni⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ nĩ⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹² lin⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² lin³³/

/ɡu²³⁻²¹ leŋ³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡu²³⁻³³ liɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡu¹³⁻²² liɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²¹ ni⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ nĩ⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² nĩ⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻¹² lin⁴⁴/

/ɡu²⁴⁻²² lin³³/

/ɡu²³⁻²¹ leŋ³³/

/ɡu²⁴⁻³³ liɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡu²³⁻³³ liɪŋ⁴⁴/

/ɡu¹³⁻²² liɪŋ⁴⁴/

(Hakka, Hokkien) alternative form of 牛奶 (“cow's milk”)


大使

/taːi̯²² sɐi̯³⁵/

/ai³² sᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ sɨ³¹/

/taːi̯²² sɐi̯³⁵/

/ai³² sᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/tʰai̯⁵⁵ sɨ³¹/

(Cantonese, Hakka) to spend money lavishly; to spend uncontrollably


好食

/ho²⁴⁻³³ ʃit²/

/ho³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lieʔ⁵/

/ho⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ɬiæʔ⁴/

/ho³³²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siaʔ²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ¹²¹/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻³³ ʃit²/

/ho³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lieʔ⁵/

/ho⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ɬiæʔ⁴/

/ho³³²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siaʔ²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ¹²¹/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/hãũ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/hãũ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

The food at that restaurant is excellent!

go² gaan¹ caan¹ teng¹ ge³ coi³ hou² hou² sik⁶ gaa²!

嗰間餐廳嘅菜好好食㗎！

嗰间餐厅嘅菜好好食㗎！

(Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Waxiang) delicious; delectable; tasty; scrumptious; yummy


好食

/ho²⁴⁻³³ ʃit²/

/ho³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lieʔ⁵/

/ho⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ɬiæʔ⁴/

/ho³³²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siaʔ²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ¹²¹/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻³³ ʃit²/

/ho³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lieʔ⁵/

/ho⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ɬiæʔ⁴/

/ho³³²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siaʔ²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ¹²¹/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/hãũ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/hãũ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

(Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka, Puxian Min) fond of eating; gluttonous


親像

亲像
親象
田像
田象
參像

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi̯oŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiũ²²/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiũ³³/

/t͡sʰin³³ t͡sʰiũ³³/

/t͡sʰin³³ t͡sʰiũ²²/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/

/t͡sʰan⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiũ³³/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰĩõ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰĩẽ³⁵/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰĩõ³⁵/

/t͡sʰin³³ t͡si̯æn²¹⁻¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰin³³ t͡ɕi̯æn²¹⁻¹¹/

/t͡sʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi̯oŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiũ²²/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiũ³³/

/t͡sʰin³³ t͡sʰiũ³³/

/t͡sʰin³³ t͡sʰiũ²²/

/t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/

/t͡sʰan⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiũ³³/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰĩõ³⁵/

/t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰĩẽ³⁵/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰĩõ³⁵/

/t͡sʰin³³ t͡si̯æn²¹⁻¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰin³³ t͡ɕi̯æn²¹⁻¹¹/

隨

of a parent in appearance or disposition

1992, “愛情的騙子我問你 [Cheater of Love, I Ask You]”, 蔣錦鴻 (lyrics), 俞隆華 (music), performed by 陳小雲 [Chen Hsiao-yun]:

Didn't you say I was like Xi Shi (legendary beauty) of ancient yore?

kóng siáⁿ-mi̍h góa chhin-chhiūⁿ kó͘-chá ê Se-si

講什麼我親像古早的西施

讲什么我亲像古早的西施

2021, “愛情你比我想的閣較偉大 [Oh Love, You Are Much Greater Than I Imagined]”, 黃奇斌 [Ki-pin Ng] (lyrics), 黃奇斌 [Ki-pin Ng] (music), performed by 茄子蛋 [EggPlantEgg]:

You are that one spark in my dark heart like the lights in front of my eyes

lí sī góa o͘-àm ê sim ûi-it ê kng chhin-chhiūⁿ sī gán-chiân ê teng-hóe

你是我烏暗的心唯一的光親像是眼前的燈火

你是我乌暗的心唯一的光亲像是眼前的灯火

(Hakka, Southern Min) to seem; to be like; as if


𨳍

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 七. Compare 𨳊, 閪／𲈹, 𨶙.

Han compound

(Cantonese, Pinghua, dialectal Hakka, vulgar) penis (especially flaccid) (Classifier: 轆／辘 c)


雞卵

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ lu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ lɵn³⁵/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ lɵn¹³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³⁵ lɔn³¹/

/kai⁵⁴ sɔŋ⁵⁵/

/kie⁵⁵⁻⁵³ l̃ɑuŋ²⁴²/

/ke⁵³³⁻¹³ nø¹¹/

/ke⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ nø²¹/

/ke⁵³³⁻¹³ lœ¹¹/

/ke⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ny²¹/

/ke⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ni²¹/

/kue⁴⁴⁻²² nŋ̍²²/

/kue⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍³³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍³³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² nŋ̍²²/

/kue³³ nŋ̍³³/

/kue³³ nŋ̍²²/

/ke³³⁻²¹ nui²¹/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² nuĩ²²/

/koi³³⁻²³ nɯŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕie³³ ləŋ⁵³⁵/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ lu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ lɵn³⁵/

/kɐi̯⁵⁵ lɵn¹³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³⁵ lɔn³¹/

/kai⁵⁴ sɔŋ⁵⁵/

/kie⁵⁵⁻⁵³ l̃ɑuŋ²⁴²/

/ke⁵³³⁻¹³ nø¹¹/

/ke⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ nø²¹/

/ke⁵³³⁻¹³ lœ¹¹/

/ke⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ny²¹/

/ke⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ni²¹/

/kue⁴⁴⁻²² nŋ̍²²/

/kue⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍³³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍³³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² nŋ̍²²/

/kue³³ nŋ̍³³/

/kue³³ nŋ̍²²/

/ke³³⁻²¹ nui²¹/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² nuĩ²²/

/koi³³⁻²³ nɯŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕie³³ ləŋ⁵³⁵/

(literary or Hakka, Min, dialectal Wu) chicken egg


無問題

/bo²⁴⁻²² bun²²⁻²¹ tue²⁴/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ bun³³⁻¹¹ tue²⁴/

/bo²⁴⁻²² bun⁴¹⁻²² tue²⁴/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ bun³³⁻²¹ te²³/

/bo¹³⁻²² bun²²⁻²¹ te¹³/

/bo²⁴⁻²² bun²²⁻²¹ tue²⁴/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ bun³³⁻¹¹ tue²⁴/

/bo²⁴⁻²² bun⁴¹⁻²² tue²⁴/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ bun³³⁻²¹ te²³/

/bo¹³⁻²² bun²²⁻²¹ te¹³/


入來

/ʐu⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/jɐp̚² lɔːi̯²¹/

/jɐp̚² lɐi̯²¹/

/ŋip̚⁵ loɪ¹¹/

/ʐu⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵/

/jɐp̚² lɔːi̯²¹/

/jɐp̚² lɐi̯²¹/

/ŋip̚⁵ loɪ¹¹/

(literary or Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min) to come in; to enter


入去

/ʐu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/

/jɐp̚² hɵy̯³³/

/d͡zip̚⁴⁻² kʰɯ²¹³/

/d͡zip̚⁴⁻² kʰu²¹³/

/ʐu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/

/jɐp̚² hɵy̯³³/

/d͡zip̚⁴⁻² kʰɯ²¹³/

/d͡zip̚⁴⁻² kʰu²¹³/

(literary, Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min) to go in; to enter


柑仔

/kam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ me³¹/

/kam⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/kam⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ me³¹/

/kam⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/kam⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/


比論

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/

/pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/

/pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/

/pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lun⁴¹/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun²²/

/pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/

/pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lun³³/

(Dungan, Hakka, Southern Min) to take for example; for example; for instance; such as


帽仔

/mau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ʋe³¹/

/bo²²⁻²¹ a⁴²/

/bo⁴¹⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/bo²²⁻²¹ a⁵³/

/mau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ʋe³¹/

/bo²²⁻²¹ a⁴²/

/bo⁴¹⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/bo²²⁻²¹ a⁵³/

戴帽仔 [Hokkien] ― tì bō-á [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to put on a hat

(Hakka, Southern Min) hat (Classifier: 頂／顶 mn)


無要緊

/mo⁵³⁻²¹ ieu²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iŋ³³/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ iau¹¹⁻⁵³ kin⁵³/

/bo²⁴⁻²² iau²¹⁻⁵³ kin⁵³/

/bo²⁴⁻²² iau³¹⁻⁵³ kin⁵⁵/

/bɤ²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kin⁵³/

/bo²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kin⁵³/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kin⁴¹/

/bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiŋ⁵²/

/bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iou²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/mo⁵³⁻²¹ ieu²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iŋ³³/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ iau¹¹⁻⁵³ kin⁵³/

/bo²⁴⁻²² iau²¹⁻⁵³ kin⁵³/

/bo²⁴⁻²² iau³¹⁻⁵³ kin⁵⁵/

/bɤ²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kin⁵³/

/bo²⁴⁻³³ a⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kin⁵³/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ a⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kin⁴¹/

/bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiŋ⁵²/

/bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iou²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

(Hakka, Eastern Min, Southern Min) no problem; it doesn't matter; never mind


哪個

/nä²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴/

/neɪ̯²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴/

/naː¹³ kɔː³³/

/la²¹³⁻¹³ ˈko³⁵/

/la²¹³⁻²¹ ko¹/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko²¹/

/nã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ko⁴¹/

/nä²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴/

/neɪ̯²¹⁴ g̊ə⁴/

/naː¹³ kɔː³³/

/la²¹³⁻¹³ ˈko³⁵/

/la²¹³⁻²¹ ko¹/

/nã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko²¹/

/nã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ko⁴¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Hakka, Gan, dialectal Jin, Xiang) who


做田

/t͡so²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛiŋ⁵³/

/t͡sɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰan²³/

/t͡sue¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰan²⁴/

/t͡so²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛiŋ⁵³/

/t͡sɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰan²³/

/t͡sue¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰan²⁴/


燒熱

/seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯et̚⁵/

/seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯at̚⁵/

/siɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ zuaʔ⁴/

/sio⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zuaʔ¹²¹/

/seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯et̚⁵/

/seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯at̚⁵/

/siɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ zuaʔ⁴/

/sio⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zuaʔ¹²¹/

/sio⁴⁴⁻²² liɛt̚⁴/

/sio⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ziɛt̚¹²¹/

/sio⁴⁴⁻²² liɛt̚⁴/

/siɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ zuaʔ⁴/

/sio⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ziɛt̚¹²¹/


頭前

/tʰəu¹¹ t͡ɕʰie¹¹/

/tʰe³³ t͡siŋ³³/

/tʰau²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ²³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰau²³⁻²¹ t͡seŋ²³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ t͡seŋ²⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ¹³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² t͡suĩ²⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sãi²⁴/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sõĩ⁵⁵/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sãĩ⁵⁵/

/təu̯¹³ t͡si̯ẽ¹³/

/təu̯¹³ t͡ɕi̯ẽ¹³/

/d̥ɘu̯¹¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn¹¹/

/tʰəu¹¹ t͡ɕʰie¹¹/

/tʰe³³ t͡siŋ³³/

/tʰau²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ²³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰau²³⁻²¹ t͡seŋ²³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ t͡seŋ²⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ¹³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² t͡suĩ²⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sãi²⁴/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sõĩ⁵⁵/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sãĩ⁵⁵/

/təu̯¹³ t͡si̯ẽ¹³/

/təu̯¹³ t͡ɕi̯ẽ¹³/

/d̥ɘu̯¹¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn¹¹/

(Hakka, Jin, Northern Min, Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min, Xiang) in front; ahead


舊年

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕiəɯ⁴⁴ liẽ/

/kɐu̯²² niːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɐu̯²² niːn²¹/

/kiu³² ⁿden²²⁻²²⁵/

/ˈt͡ɕʰiu¹¹ n̠ʲiɛn³⁵/

/kʰi̯u⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/kʰi̯u⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/kʰiu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/ku³³⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/

/ku³³⁻²¹ nĩ²³/

/ku²²⁻²¹ nĩ²⁴/

/ku⁴¹⁻²² ni²⁴/

/ku⁴¹⁻²² nĩ²⁴/

/ku²²⁻²¹ nĩ¹³/

/ku²¹⁻²² lin²⁴/

/d͡ʑiɤ²² n̠ʲi⁴⁴/

/d͡ʑʏ²² n̠ʲɪ³³/

/d͡ʑiɤɯ¹¹ n̠ʲɪ²⁴/

/d͡ʑi̯ɔ¹¹ ni¹³⁻³³/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕiəɯ⁴⁴ liẽ/

/kɐu̯²² niːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɐu̯²² niːn²¹/

/kiu³² ⁿden²²⁻²²⁵/

/ˈt͡ɕʰiu¹¹ n̠ʲiɛn³⁵/

/kʰi̯u⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/kʰi̯u⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/kʰiu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/ku³³⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/

/ku³³⁻²¹ nĩ²³/

/ku²²⁻²¹ nĩ²⁴/

/ku⁴¹⁻²² ni²⁴/

/ku⁴¹⁻²² nĩ²⁴/

/ku²²⁻²¹ nĩ¹³/

/ku²¹⁻²² lin²⁴/

/d͡ʑiɤ²² n̠ʲi⁴⁴/

/d͡ʑʏ²² n̠ʲɪ³³/

/d͡ʑiɤɯ¹¹ n̠ʲɪ²⁴/

/d͡ʑi̯ɔ¹¹ ni¹³⁻³³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Southern Min, Puxian Min, Wu or literary) last year


頂頭

/tɪŋ³⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/taŋ³¹ tʰeu̯¹¹/

/tiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²³/

/tiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰau²⁴/

/teŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau¹³/

/tɪŋ³⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/taŋ³¹ tʰeu̯¹¹/

/tiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²³/

/tiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰau²⁴/

/teŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau¹³/


頂頭

/tɪŋ³⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/taŋ³¹ tʰeu̯¹¹/

/tiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²³/

/tiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰau²⁴/

/teŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau¹³/

/tɪŋ³⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/taŋ³¹ tʰeu̯¹¹/

/tiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²³/

/tiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰau²⁴/

/teŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²⁴/

/tiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau¹³/


日頭

Wutunhua: raitek

/ʐ̩⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯¹/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/ʐ̩ʔ⁵ tʰəɯ²⁴/

/ə²⁴ tʰou²⁴/

/ɛɻ²⁴ tʰou²⁴/

/jɐt̚² tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/jɐt̚² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/zɐk̚²² tʰau²¹⁻³⁵/

/ᵑɡit̚³² heu²²⁻²¹/

/ᵑɡit̚³² heu²²⁻²¹⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵⁵ tʰɐu⁴²/

/n̠ʲit̚⁵ tʰɛu²/

/ŋit̚² tʰeu̯¹¹/

/ŋit⁵⁻² tʰeu⁵⁵/

/ʐəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ təu¹¹/

/nˡiʔ⁵⁻³³ tʰau⁵³/

/tiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/tʰɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/tʰiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/lit̚²⁴⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚³²⁻²¹ tʰau¹¹/

/lit̚⁵⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚³⁵⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚²⁴⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚⁴³⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚²³⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚⁵³⁻¹ tʰau²⁴/

/d͡zit̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/d͡zit̚³⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/d͡zit̚⁴³⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²³/

/d͡zit̚¹⁴⁻³³ tʰau²¹³/

/d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/let̚²³⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/ɲət̚²⁴ tʰəu²¹/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ¹¹ dɤ²³/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ¹¹ dø²⁴/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ²² dɯ⁵³/

/ɦn̠ʲiəʔ²² dɵ⁵⁵/

/n̠ʲieʔ¹¹ dɤ⁵²/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ²² dœʏ³⁵/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ³³ døy/

/n̠ʲiəʔ²¹ diu¹⁴/

/ʐ̩²⁴ təu̯³/

/ni³⁵ di̯ɤ¹³⁻³³/

/ʑ̊i¹¹ d̥ɘu̯¹¹/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯¹/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/ʐ̩ʔ⁵ tʰəɯ²⁴/

/ə²⁴ tʰou²⁴/

/ɛɻ²⁴ tʰou²⁴/

/jɐt̚² tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/jɐt̚² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/zɐk̚²² tʰau²¹⁻³⁵/

/ᵑɡit̚³² heu²²⁻²¹/

/ᵑɡit̚³² heu²²⁻²¹⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵⁵ tʰɐu⁴²/

/n̠ʲit̚⁵ tʰɛu²/

/ŋit̚² tʰeu̯¹¹/

/ŋit⁵⁻² tʰeu⁵⁵/

/ʐəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ təu¹¹/

/nˡiʔ⁵⁻³³ tʰau⁵³/

/tiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/tʰɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/tʰiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/lit̚²⁴⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚³²⁻²¹ tʰau¹¹/

/lit̚⁵⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚³⁵⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚²⁴⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚⁴³⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚²³⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚⁵³⁻¹ tʰau²⁴/

/d͡zit̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/d͡zit̚³⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/d͡zit̚⁴³⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²³/

/d͡zit̚¹⁴⁻³³ tʰau²¹³/

/d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/let̚²³⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/ɲət̚²⁴ tʰəu²¹/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ¹¹ dɤ²³/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ¹¹ dø²⁴/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ²² dɯ⁵³/

/ɦn̠ʲiəʔ²² dɵ⁵⁵/

/n̠ʲieʔ¹¹ dɤ⁵²/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ²² dœʏ³⁵/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ³³ døy/

/n̠ʲiəʔ²¹ diu¹⁴/

/ʐ̩²⁴ təu̯³/

/ni³⁵ di̯ɤ¹³⁻³³/

/ʑ̊i¹¹ d̥ɘu̯¹¹/

(dialectal Hakka, Huizhou, Puxian Min, dialectal Wu) sunlight


主意

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴ i⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ i⁵¹/

/t͡su⁵³ i²¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ i⁵¹/

/t͡syː³⁵ jiː³³/

/t͡ʃu²⁴⁻³³ ʒi¹¹/

/t͡sɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ i⁴²/

/t͡sou⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ i⁴²/

/t͡sɔu³³²⁻²¹ i⁴²/

/t͡sou³³²⁻²¹ i⁴²/

/t͡sɔ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ i⁴²/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i²¹/

/t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i⁴¹/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i²¹/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i¹¹/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ i²¹/

/t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ i²¹³/

/t͡sz̩³³ i⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴ i⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ i⁵¹/

/t͡su⁵³ i²¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ i⁵¹/

/t͡syː³⁵ jiː³³/

/t͡ʃu²⁴⁻³³ ʒi¹¹/

/t͡sɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ i⁴²/

/t͡sou⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ i⁴²/

/t͡sɔu³³²⁻²¹ i⁴²/

/t͡sou³³²⁻²¹ i⁴²/

/t͡sɔ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ i⁴²/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i²¹/

/t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i⁴¹/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i²¹/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i¹¹/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ i²¹/

/t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ i²¹³/

/t͡sz̩³³ i⁴⁴/

(Hakka, Hokkien) to make a decision; to decide


聽講

/tʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/tʰɪŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/tʰɪŋ³³ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/tʰiã³³ kaŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁵³/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴¹/

/tʰin⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

/tʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/tʰɪŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/tʰɪŋ³³ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/tʰiã³³ kaŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁵³/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴¹/

/tʰin⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

/hiaŋ³³ kɔŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaŋ²⁴ koŋ³¹/

/tʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kɔŋ³¹/

/tʰiã³³ kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴¹/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴²/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁵³/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁵³/

/tʰiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/

/hiaŋ³³ kɔŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰaŋ²⁴ koŋ³¹/

/tʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kɔŋ³¹/

/tʰiã³³ kɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴¹/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴²/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁵³/

/tʰiã⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁵³/

/tʰin⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien, Wu) to hear it said that; to hear tell

(dialectal Mandarin, Hakka, Leizhou Min, Hainanese, Huizhou, Pinghua, Zhejiang Wu, Xiang) to be obedient


襪仔

/mɐt̚² t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/mat̚² e³¹⁻¹¹/

/be(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ a⁵³/

/bə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² a⁵⁵⁴/

/bə(ʔ)³⁵⁻² a⁵⁵/

/bue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²² a⁵³/

/bue³³⁻²¹ a⁵³/

/mɐt̚² t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/mat̚² e³¹⁻¹¹/

/be(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ a⁵³/

/bə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² a⁵⁵⁴/

/bə(ʔ)³⁵⁻² a⁵⁵/

/bue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²² a⁵³/

/bue³³⁻²¹ a⁵³/


生理

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐŋ⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/sen²⁴⁻¹¹ li²⁴/

/ɕiɛn⁴⁴ li⁴⁴/

/sɛiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡi³³/

/ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾ni⁴⁵³/

/ɬɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾ni³³²/

/siɪŋ³³ li⁵⁵⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/sŋ̍³³ li⁵⁵⁴/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ li⁵²/

/ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐŋ⁵⁵ lei̯¹³/

/sen²⁴⁻¹¹ li²⁴/

/ɕiɛn⁴⁴ li⁴⁴/

/sɛiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡi³³/

/ɬɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾ni⁴⁵³/

/ɬɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾ni³³²/

/siɪŋ³³ li⁵⁵⁴/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² li⁵³/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁴¹/

/siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ li⁵³/

/sŋ̍³³ li⁵⁵⁴/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ li⁵²/

阮阿舅佮阿妗咧做生理。

(literary or Hakka, Eastern Min, Hokkien, Teochew) business; trade; buying and selling


車子

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡sʰɤ¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/t͡sʰo⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/t͡sʰɤ¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/t͡sʰo⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰa²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰa²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/


客人

/kʰɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ ʐən¹/

/kʰɛ²¹ zən²¹/

/kʰi²⁴ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/kʰaʔ²⁻⁵⁴ ʐəŋ¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰiəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ ʐəŋ¹¹/

/kʰa¹¹⁻⁵⁵ naŋ¹³/

/kʰa²¹⁻⁵⁵ naŋ²⁴/

/kʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴/

/kʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ laŋ²³/

/kʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² laŋ²⁴/

/kʰɛ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³/

/kʰeʔ²⁻⁴ naŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰaʔ³³ n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵¹ ʐən¹/

/kʰɛ²¹ zən²¹/

/kʰi²⁴ ʐəŋ²⁴/

/kʰaʔ²⁻⁵⁴ ʐəŋ¹¹/

/t͡ɕʰiəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ ʐəŋ¹¹/

/kʰa¹¹⁻⁵⁵ naŋ¹³/

/kʰa²¹⁻⁵⁵ naŋ²⁴/

/kʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ laŋ²⁴/

/kʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ laŋ²³/

/kʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² laŋ²⁴/

/kʰɛ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³/

/kʰeʔ²⁻⁴ naŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰaʔ³³ n̠ʲin⁴⁴/

(chiefly Hakka, Southern Min) Hakka (person of Hakka descent)


當下

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ haː²²/

/toŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ha⁵⁵/

/tɯŋ³³⁻²³ hia³⁵/

/tɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/tɔːŋ⁵⁵ haː²²/

/toŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ha⁵⁵/

/tɯŋ³³⁻²³ hia³⁵/


黃瓜

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ g̊u̯ä³/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kʷaː⁵⁵/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁵/

/ŋ̍²³⁻³³ kue⁴⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kue³³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kue⁴⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ kue⁴⁴/

/ŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kue³³/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ko⁴⁴/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ g̊u̯ä³/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kʷaː⁵⁵/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁵/

/ŋ̍²³⁻³³ kue⁴⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kue³³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kue⁴⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ kue⁴⁴/

/ŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kue³³/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ko⁴⁴/


暗時

/am¹²⁻⁵³ si²⁴/

/am²¹⁻⁵³ si¹³/

/am⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ si²⁴/

/am²¹⁻⁵³ si²⁴/

/am³¹⁻⁵³ si²⁴/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ si²⁴/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ si²³/

/am¹²⁻⁵³ si²⁴/

/am²¹⁻⁵³ si¹³/

/am⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ si²⁴/

/am²¹⁻⁵³ si²⁴/

/am³¹⁻⁵³ si²⁴/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ si²⁴/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ si²³/


落來

/l̃oʔ⁵⁻³³ l̃i⁵³/

/l̃oʔ⁵⁻³³ l̃i⁵³/

(Hakka) to come in; to enter (towards oneself)


落去

/lɔːk̚² hɵy̯³³/

/loʔ⁴⁻² kʰɯ²¹³/

/lɔːk̚² hɵy̯³³/

/loʔ⁴⁻² kʰɯ²¹³/

行落去

(Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min) Used as a complement to a verb and placed after it:

down (indicating motion to a lower or farther position)

拚落去

繼續做落去

继续做落去

畀心機落去做

畀心机落去做

嘥錢落去學英文

嘥钱落去学英文

(Cantonese) on (figurative placement, burden, or attachment)

落

(Hakka) to go in; to enter (towards oneself)


下晡

/e²²⁻²¹ pɔ⁴⁴/

/e³³⁻²² pɔ³³/

/ɛ²²⁻²¹ pɔ⁴⁴/

/e⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/ẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/e²²⁻²¹ pɔ⁴⁴/

/e³³⁻²² pɔ³³/

/ɛ²²⁻²¹ pɔ⁴⁴/

/e⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/ẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/


行路

/ɕiŋ³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/hɐŋ²¹ lou̯²²/

/ɕiŋ³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/hɐŋ²¹ lou̯²²/

/haːŋ²¹ lou̯²²/

/kiã¹³⁻²² lɔ²²/

/kiã²³⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/kiã²⁴⁻²² lɔ⁴¹/

/kiã²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/

/kiã²⁴⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/kiã²⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/kĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lou¹¹/

/ɕiŋ³⁵ lu⁵¹/

/haːŋ²¹ lou̯²²/

/kiã¹³⁻²² lɔ²²/

/kiã²³⁻³³ lɔ³³/

/kiã²⁴⁻²² lɔ⁴¹/

/kiã²⁴⁻¹¹ lɔ³³/

/kiã²⁴⁻²¹ lɔ²²/

/kiã²⁴⁻²² lɔ²²/

/kĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lou¹¹/

to not pay attention where one is walking

行路唔睇路

to go to the wrong place; to become lost

行錯路

行错路

(chiefly Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Huizhou, Southern Min, Xiang) to walk; to get somewhere by foot


色水

/ʂaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪk̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/sɛt̚¹ suɪ³¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sui⁵³/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sui⁴¹/

/sek̚²⁻⁴ t͡sui⁵²⁻²¹/

/ʂaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɪk̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/sɛt̚¹ suɪ³¹/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sui⁵³/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sui⁴¹/

/sek̚²⁻⁴ t͡sui⁵²⁻²¹/


攏總

/lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ¹³ t͡sʊŋ³⁵/

/luŋ²⁴ t͡suŋ³¹/

/lʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʊŋ³¹/

/lɒŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ t͡sɒŋ⁴⁵³/

/lɒŋ³³²⁻²¹ t͡sɒŋ³³²/

/lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/lɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁵³/

/lɔŋ⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴²/

/lɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴¹/

/lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴¹/

/lɔŋ⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sɔŋ²¹/

/loŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡soŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/loŋ²² t͡soŋ⁴⁴/

/lʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lʊŋ¹³ t͡sʊŋ³⁵/

/luŋ²⁴ t͡suŋ³¹/

/lʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʊŋ³¹/

/lɒŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ t͡sɒŋ⁴⁵³/

/lɒŋ³³²⁻²¹ t͡sɒŋ³³²/

/lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/lɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁵³/

/lɔŋ⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴²/

/lɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴¹/

/lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɔŋ⁴¹/

/lɔŋ⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sɔŋ²¹/

/loŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡soŋ⁵²⁻²¹/

/loŋ²² t͡soŋ⁴⁴/

2009, 林永锐, chapter 6, in 《作田人琐事》, Beijing: 中国文联出版社:

Sister Bhuê5-hiên1, [your] life is great: sons, daughters, you have them all, your husband must love you to death!

bhuê⁵ hiên¹ zê² mia⁷ zing¹ ho²: gian², da¹ bou¹ ze¹ niê⁵ long² zong² u⁶, le² ang¹ siêh⁴ si² le² la⁷!

梅香姐命真好：仔，禾埠姿娘拢总有，你翁惜死你啦！

梅香姐命真好：仔，禾埠姿娘攏總有，你翁惜死你啦！

(chiefly Hakka, Min) altogether; in total; in all; in sum


一下仔

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² e³³ a⁵³/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² e²²⁻²¹ a⁵³/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² e³³ a⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² e⁴¹⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ e²²⁻²¹ a⁵³/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² le³³ a⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² le³³ a⁵³/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² e³³ a⁵³/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² e²²⁻²¹ a⁵³/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² e³³ a⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² e⁴¹⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ e²²⁻²¹ a⁵³/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² le³³ a⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² le³³ a⁵³/

Whereas ye know not what shall be on the morrow. For what is your life? It is even a vapour, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away.

高陳台灣白話聖經譯本 (Ko-Tân Colloquial Taiwanese Version), 雅各 (James) 4:14

Kî-si̍t lín ê sèⁿ-miā bîn-á-chài ē àn-chóaⁿ, lín iā m̄ chai-iáⁿ! Lín chhin-chhiūⁿ chi̍t phìⁿ bông-bū, chhut-hiān chi̍t-ē-á sûi-sî chiū siau-sit khì.

其實恁的生命明仔載會按怎，恁也毋知影！恁親像一片雺霧，出現一下仔隨時就消失去。

其实恁的生命明仔载会按怎，恁也毋知影！恁亲像一片雺雾，出现一下仔随时就消失去。


一下

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑɻ⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ haː¹³/

/t͡sit̚⁴³⁻²¹ e²²/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² e⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² e³³/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² e²²/

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɛ²²/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² le³³/

/t͡sek̚⁴⁻² e¹¹/

/iɪʔ³³ ɕia⁴⁴/

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/i⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɑɻ⁵¹/

/jɐt̚⁵ haː¹³/

/t͡sit̚⁴³⁻²¹ e²²/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² e⁴¹/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² e³³/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² e²²/

/t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɛ²²/

/t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² le³³/

/t͡sek̚⁴⁻² e¹¹/

/iɪʔ³³ ɕia⁴⁴/


衫褲

/ʂän⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹/

/sam²⁴⁻¹¹ fu⁵⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ fu⁵³/

/ɬɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^((kʰ-))ɔu⁴²/

/ɬɒ̃⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^((kʰ-))ɔu⁴²/

/sã³³ kʰɔ⁴¹/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ²¹/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ¹¹/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ²¹/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ¹¹²/

/sã³³⁻²³ kʰou²¹³/

/sa³⁵⁻³³ kʰɛu²¹/

/ʂän⁵⁵ kʰu⁵¹/

/sam²⁴⁻¹¹ fu⁵⁵/

/sam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ fu⁵³/

/ɬɒ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^((kʰ-))ɔu⁴²/

/ɬɒ̃⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^((kʰ-))ɔu⁴²/

/sã³³ kʰɔ⁴¹/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ²¹/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ¹¹/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ²¹/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ¹¹²/

/sã³³⁻²³ kʰou²¹³/

/sa³⁵⁻³³ kʰɛu²¹/

2005, “堅持 [jiānchí]”, 江志豐 (lyrics), performed by 翁立友 [Weng Li-you]:

As the rain fell, it already made my clothes wet.

hō͘-chúi ná lo̍h, í-keng ak-tâm gún saⁿ-khò͘

雨水那落 已經沾濕阮衫褲

雨水那落 已经沾湿阮衫裤

(Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min) clothes


早晨

/t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴/

/t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴ t͡ɕʰin⁴/

/t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴ ɕin⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁵¹ ʂəŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔu³⁵ sɐn²¹/

/t͡sa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin²⁴/

/t͡sa⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sin²³/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin²⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sin²³/

/t͡sɔ³³ zən⁴⁴/

/t͡sɒu̯⁴¹ ʂən¹³/

/t͡sɒu̯⁴¹ sən¹³/

/t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴/

/t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴ t͡ɕʰin⁴/

/t͡sɑʊ̯²¹⁴ ɕin⁴/

/t͡sɔ⁵¹ ʂəŋ²⁴/

/t͡sɔu³⁵ sɐn²¹/

/t͡sa⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin²⁴/

/t͡sa⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sin²³/

/t͡so⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sin²⁴/

/t͡sɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sin²³/

/t͡sɔ³³ zən⁴⁴/

/t͡sɒu̯⁴¹ ʂən¹³/

/t͡sɒu̯⁴¹ sən¹³/

王小姐，早晨。

(Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Liuzhou Mandarin, Pinghua, Zhongshan Min) good morning


矮瓜

/ɐi̯³⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/

/ɐi̯³⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, Hakka) eggplant (Classifier: 條／条 c; 隻／只 c; 個／个 c)


暗暗

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀän⁵¹/

/am⁵³⁻⁵⁵ am⁵³/

/ˀän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀän⁵¹/

/am⁵³⁻⁵⁵ am⁵³/


朱古力

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/

ju¹ gu²⁻¹ lig⁶⁻¹

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kuː³⁵⁻⁵⁵ lɪk̚²⁻⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ku³¹ lit̚⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lat̚⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lat̚⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²³ kou⁵²⁻³⁵ lak̚⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²³ ku⁵²⁻³⁵ lek̚⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/

/t͡syː⁵⁵ kuː³⁵⁻⁵⁵ lɪk̚²⁻⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ku³¹ lit̚⁵/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lat̚⁴/

/t͡su⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lat̚⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²³ kou⁵²⁻³⁵ lak̚⁴/

/t͡su³³⁻²³ ku⁵²⁻³⁵ lek̚⁴/

Borrowed from English chocolate, originally used in Cantonese. Doublet of 巧克力 (qiǎokèlì).

(chiefly Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, Zhongshan Min) chocolate


吹打

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵ taː³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵ tä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵ taː³⁵/

(dialectal Gan, dialectal Hakka, music) suona


火炭

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰän⁵¹/

/fɔː³⁵ tʰaːn³³/

/fo²⁴⁻³³ tʰan¹¹/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰuã²¹/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰuã¹¹/

/he⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰuã⁴¹/

/hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰuã⁴¹/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰuã²¹/

/hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰuã²¹/

/hue⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰũã²¹³/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰän⁵¹/

/fɔː³⁵ tʰaːn³³/

/fo²⁴⁻³³ tʰan¹¹/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰuã²¹/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰuã¹¹/

/he⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰuã⁴¹/

/hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰuã⁴¹/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰuã²¹/

/hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰuã²¹/

/hue⁵²⁻³⁵ tʰũã²¹³/


運命

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (運命):
* → Japanese: 運命(うんめい) (unmei)
* → Korean: 운명(運命) (unmyeong)
* → Vietnamese: vận mệnh (運命)

/yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ miŋ⁵¹/

/wɐn²² mɪŋ²²/

/un²²⁻²¹ miã²²/

/un⁴¹⁻²² miã⁴¹/

/un²²⁻²¹ miã²²/

/un³³⁻¹¹ miã³³/

/un³³⁻²¹ miã³³/

/yn⁵¹⁻⁵³ miŋ⁵¹/

/wɐn²² mɪŋ²²/

/un²²⁻²¹ miã²²/

/un⁴¹⁻²² miã⁴¹/

/un²²⁻²¹ miã²²/

/un³³⁻¹¹ miã³³/

/un³³⁻²¹ miã³³/

The fate of a loafer is like the mentality of ants in a pot.

Lōng-chú ê ūn-miā chhin-chhiūⁿ tiáⁿ-té káu-hiā ê sim-lí.

浪子的運命親像鼎底螞蟻的心理。

浪子的运命亲像鼎底蚂蚁的心理。

(literary or Hakka, Southern Min) fate; destiny


小口

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁴¹/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ hɐu̯³⁵/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁵³/

/siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰau⁴¹/

(Liuzhou Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, Pinghua) snack


有心

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵⁵/

/iou⁵¹ ɕiŋ²⁴/

/jɐu̯¹³ sɐm⁵⁵/

/i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ sim²⁴/

/iu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sim³³/

/iu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴/

/u³³⁻¹¹ sim⁴⁴/

/u³³⁻²¹ sim⁴⁴/

/u²²⁻²¹ sim⁴⁴/

/iɤ⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ɦiɤ²² ɕin⁴⁴/

/joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕin⁵⁵/

/iou⁵¹ ɕiŋ²⁴/

/jɐu̯¹³ sɐm⁵⁵/

/i̯u²⁴⁻¹¹ sim²⁴/

/iu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sim³³/

/iu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴/

/iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴/

/u³³⁻¹¹ sim⁴⁴/

/u³³⁻²¹ sim⁴⁴/

/u²²⁻²¹ sim⁴⁴/

/iɤ⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

/ɦiɤ²² ɕin⁴⁴/

(Can we date this quote?), “Ah Lam 日記”, performed by 林子祥 [George Lam]:

The next few verses are my latest monologue. If you are a kind person, then don't leave.

ji⁵ haa⁶ gei² dyun⁶ je⁵ hai⁶ ngo⁵ zeoi³ gan⁶ ge³ duk⁶ baak⁶, jyu⁴ gwo² nei⁵ hai⁶ jau⁵ sam¹ dik¹ jan⁴ m⁴ hou² zau² hoi¹.

以下幾段嘢係我最近嘅獨白，如果你係有心的人唔好走開。

以下几段嘢系我最近嘅独白，如果你系有心的人唔好走开。


青色

Sino-Xenic (青色):
* → Korean: 청색(靑色) (cheongsaek)

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾naiʔ²⁴/

/t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻²² sek̚³²/

/t͡sʰĩ³³ siɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² sek̚³²/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ sek̚²/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ səʔ²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ sɤ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɛːŋ⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾naiʔ²⁴/

/t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻²² sek̚³²/

/t͡sʰĩ³³ siɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² sek̚³²/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ sek̚²/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ səʔ²¹/


狼戾

Sino-Xenic (狼戾):
* → Japanese: 狼(ろう)戻(れい) (rōrei)

郎黎
啷黎
long黎
啷厲
啷嚟
狼賴

/lɑŋ³⁵ li⁵¹/

/lɔːŋ²¹ lɐi̯²²/

/lɔːŋ²¹ lɵy̯²²/

/lɔŋ¹¹ laɪ⁵³/

/lɑŋ³⁵ li⁵¹/

/lɔːŋ²¹ lɐi̯²²/

/lɔːŋ²¹ lɵy̯²²/

/lɔŋ¹¹ laɪ⁵³/

/lɔːŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵ lɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/lɔːŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵ lɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

n² gian¹ wug⁵ ê³ seb⁶ fun¹ long² lai⁴ o³!

你間屋仔十分狼戾噢！

你间屋仔十分狼戾噢！

In good years, when the grain lies about in abundance, much [tax] might be taken without its being oppressive, and the actual exaction would be small. But in bad years, the produce being not sufficient to repay the manuring of the fields, this system still requires the taking of the full amount.

Lèsuì, lì mǐ lánglì, duō qǔ zhī ér bù wéi nüè, zé guǎ qǔ zhī; xiōngnián, fèn qí tián ér bù zú, zé bì qǔ yíng yān.

樂歲，粒米狼戾，多取之而不為虐，則寡取之；凶年，糞其田而不足，則必取盈焉。

乐岁，粒米狼戾，多取之而不为虐，则寡取之；凶年，粪其田而不足，则必取盈焉。

(archaic or Hakka) messily piled up; scattered in a disorderly manner


頭家

desc

→ Burmese: ထောင်ကဲ (htaungkai:, “honorific term for a Chinese man”)

→ English: towkay, taoke

→ Lao: ເຖົ້າແກ່ (thao kǣ)

→ Tai Dam: ꪹꪖ꫁ꪱꪵꪀ꪿

→ Tai Dam: ꪹꪖ꫁ꪱꪵꪀ꪿

desctree

→ Malay: tauke
> Indonesian: tauke (inherited)
→ Tausug: tawki

→ Puyuma: tawki

→ Rukai: tawki

→ Sakizaya: tawki

→ Tagalog: taoke

desc

→ Thai: เถ้าแก่ (tâo-gɛ̀ɛ)

→ Thai: เถ้าแก่ (tâo-gɛ̀ɛ)

→ Khmer: ថៅកែ (thaw kae)

→ Vietnamese: tào kê

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/tʰau¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒ⁵³³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒ⁵⁴⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻¹¹ ke⁵³³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ ke⁵⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² ke³³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau²³⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ke³³/

/tʰau²² kɛ³⁵/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/tʰau¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒ⁵³³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒ⁵⁴⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻¹¹ ke⁵³³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ ke⁵⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² ke³³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau²³⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ke³³/

/tʰau²² kɛ³⁵/

(chiefly Southern Min, Hakka) owner (of a shop etc., addressed by customers)

(chiefly Southern Min, Hakka) boss (addressed by employees)

2013, “命 [mìng]”, 廖偉志 (lyrics)performed by 蔡秋鳳 [Kerris Tsai]:

When I was twenty-three, I met my husband; when I was twenty-eight, I had three sons.

Lī-cha̍p-saⁿ hòe tú-tio̍h gún thâu-ke, lī-cha̍p-peh hòe ū kiáⁿ saⁿ ê

二十三歲遇到阮頭家 二十八歲有子三個

二十三岁遇到阮头家 二十八岁有子三个

(chiefly Southern Min, Hakka, dated in Leizhou Min) husband


相聲

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ¹/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂɤ̃ɻ¹/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ³³ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ siã⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ siã⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ siã⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siã³³/

/siaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ siã⁴⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ¹/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂɤ̃ɻ¹/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ³³ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ siã⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ siã⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ siã⁴⁴/

/siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siã³³/

/siaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ siã⁴⁴/


奸臣

→ Thai: กังฉิน (gang-chǐn) (via Teochew)

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/kaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ɬiŋ¹³/

/kaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ɬiŋ²⁴/

/kaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/

/kaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ɬiŋ¹³/

/kaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ɬiŋ²⁴/

/kaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/

(Hakka, Southern Min) crafty and treacherous


無道

/u³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/u³⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/


婆婆

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³/

/pʰo²¹ pʰo²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/pʰo²¹ pʰo²¹/

/pʰɔː²¹ pʰɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰɔː²¹ pʰɔː²¹/

/pᵘɔ²² pᵘɔ²²/

/pʰɤ¹¹ pʰɤ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/po¹³⁻²² po¹³/

/po²⁴⁻²² po²⁴/

/pʰua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰua⁵⁵/

/pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³/

/pʰo²¹ pʰo²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/pʰo²¹ pʰo²¹/

/pʰɔː²¹ pʰɔː²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰɔː²¹ pʰɔː²¹/

/pᵘɔ²² pᵘɔ²²/

/pʰɤ¹¹ pʰɤ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/po¹³⁻²² po¹³/

/po²⁴⁻²² po²⁴/

/pʰua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pʰua⁵⁵/

maternal grandmother
maternal grandmother

(Cantonese, dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Hakka, dialectal Jin, dialectal Wu, Taining Gan, Jianyang Northern Min, Shaowu Min) maternal grandmother


涼粉

→ Macanese: leong-fan

→ Zhuang: liengzfaenj

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ fəɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lœːŋ²¹ fɐn³⁵/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hun⁵³/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² hun⁵⁵⁴/

/liaŋ¹³⁻²² hun⁵³/

/liaŋ²³⁻³³ hun⁴¹/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² hun⁵³/

/liɔŋ²³⁻²¹ fan²³/

/liã²² fən⁴⁴/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ fən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ fəɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lœːŋ²¹ fɐn³⁵/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hun⁵³/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² hun⁵⁵⁴/

/liaŋ¹³⁻²² hun⁵³/

/liaŋ²³⁻³³ hun⁴¹/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² hun⁵³/

/liɔŋ²³⁻²¹ fan²³/

/liã²² fən⁴⁴/

上面蒸鬆糕，下面賣涼粉 / 上面蒸松糕，下面卖凉粉

soeng6 min6 zing1 sung1 gou1, haa6 min6 maai6 loeng4 fan2


芹菜

→ Bikol Central: kintsay

→ English: kinchay

→ Khmer: ឃិនឆាយ (khɨnchaay)

→ Tagalog: kintsay

→ Thai: ขึ้นฉ่าย (kʉ̂n-chàai)

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰin²¹ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/t͡ɕʰiẽ²⁴ t͡sʰæ/

/t͡ɕʰĩ²⁴ t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/

/kʰɐn²¹ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/kʰɐn²¹ t͡sʰui³²/

/ˈt͡ɕʰin²⁴ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/keiŋ³³ t͡sʰɛ³³/

/kʰyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒɑi²¹³/

/kʰun²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai²¹/

/kʰun²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰai²¹/

/kʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰai¹¹/

/kʰun²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/kʰin²³⁻³³ t͡sʰai²¹/

/kʰin²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰai²¹/

/kʰin²³⁻²¹ t͡sʰai²¹/

/kʰin¹³⁻²² t͡sʰai²¹/

/kin²³⁻²¹ t͡sʰai²¹/

/kʰən²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/kʰɯŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/kʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/kʰən²¹ t͡sʰai⁵⁵/

/d͡ʑin²² t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/d͡ʑiŋ²³ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/ɟiŋ²⁴ t͡sʰe³¹/

/d͡ʑin²² t͡sʰe³³/

/d͡ʑin²² t͡sʰɛ³⁴/

/d͡ʑiŋ²² t͡sʰe⁵¹/

/d͡ʑin²⁴ t͡sʰɛ³³/

/t͡ɕʰin¹³ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵/

/t͡ɕʰin³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰin²¹ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/t͡ɕʰiẽ²⁴ t͡sʰæ/

/t͡ɕʰĩ²⁴ t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/

/kʰɐn²¹ t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/

/kʰɐn²¹ t͡sʰui³²/

/ˈt͡ɕʰin²⁴ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/keiŋ³³ t͡sʰɛ³³/

/kʰyŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡sʰ-))ʒɑi²¹³/

/kʰun²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai²¹/

/kʰun²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰai²¹/

/kʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰai¹¹/

/kʰun²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/kʰin²³⁻³³ t͡sʰai²¹/

/kʰin²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰai²¹/

/kʰin²³⁻²¹ t͡sʰai²¹/

/kʰin¹³⁻²² t͡sʰai²¹/

/kin²³⁻²¹ t͡sʰai²¹/

/kʰən²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/kʰɯŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/kʰeŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰai²¹³/

/kʰən²¹ t͡sʰai⁵⁵/

/d͡ʑin²² t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/d͡ʑiŋ²³ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/ɟiŋ²⁴ t͡sʰe³¹/

/d͡ʑin²² t͡sʰe³³/

/d͡ʑin²² t͡sʰɛ³⁴/

/d͡ʑiŋ²² t͡sʰe⁵¹/

/d͡ʑin²⁴ t͡sʰɛ³³/

/t͡ɕʰin¹³ t͡sʰai̯⁴⁵/

(dialectal Hakka, Penang Hokkien) cilantro


落水

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔːk̚² sɵy̯³⁵/

/lɔk̚⁵ suɪ³¹/

/lo(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/lɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡sui⁴¹/

/lu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɔːk̚² sɵy̯³⁵/

/lɔk̚⁵ suɪ³¹/

/lo(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/lɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡sui⁴¹/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

2007, “你聽到了嗎？”, 葉國居, 鄭朝方 (lyrics)performed by 鄭朝方:

The sound of the rain outside does not stop; do you hear it?

ngo⁺ boiˇ geˇ log` shui´ shang` m ton`, ngi tangˇ doˇ le` mo

外背介落水聲不斷 你聽到咧麼

外背介落水声不断 你听到咧么

2013, “學廣東話 [Learn Cantonese]”performed by 黃明志 [Namewee]:

[I said:] when it was dark, it rained. You asked me what on earth is that?

tin¹ hak¹ lok⁶ seoi² zo², nei⁵ man⁶ ngo⁵ hai⁶ mat¹ seoi² aa³?

天黑落水咗 妳問我係麼水啊？

天黑落水咗 你问我系么水啊？

(dialectal, including Cantonese, Hakka, Gan, Shehua, Wu) to rain


入城

/jɐp̚² sɛːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/ŋip̚⁵ saŋ¹¹/

/jɐp̚² sɛːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/ŋip̚⁵ saŋ¹¹/

(Cantonese, Hakka) to enter the city (urban area); to go to town


下堂

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/haː²² tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ha⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰɔŋ¹¹/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ tʰɑŋ³⁵/

/haː²² tʰɔːŋ²¹/

/ha⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰɔŋ¹¹/

/ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ tan¹³/

/ɕi̯a̠²¹⁻¹¹ tan¹³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Hakka, Jin, Northern Min, Jiangle Min) to finish class


過分

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ fən⁵¹/

/kʷɔː³³ fɐn²²/

/kᵘɔ³³ fun³²/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ hun³³/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ hun²²/

/kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hun⁴¹/

/kue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ huŋ¹¹/

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ fən⁵¹/

/kʷɔː³³ fɐn²²/

/kᵘɔ³³ fun³²/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ hun³³/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ hun²²/

/kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hun⁴¹/

/kue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ huŋ¹¹/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ hun⁴⁴/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ hun⁴⁴/

(Hakka, Southern Min, of fruits) overripe


公公

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊ʊŋ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kuŋ¹¹ kuŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/koŋ⁵⁵ koŋ²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊ʊŋ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kuŋ¹¹ kuŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/koŋ⁵⁵ koŋ²¹/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ³³ kʊŋ³/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊ʊŋ²/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/kʊŋ³³ kʊŋ³/

GT - General Taiwanese (no particular region identified)

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, dialectal Hakka, Huizhou, Handan Jin, Northern Min, Xiang, dialectal Wu) paternal grandfather


𠜱

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, Cantonese, Hakka, Min) to pare; (dialectal) alternative form of 批 (pī)


二弦

→ Zhuang: ngeihyienz

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

/jiː²² jiːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/zi³³⁻²¹ hiɛn²³/

/d͡zi³⁵⁻¹¹ hĩ⁵⁵/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ ɕi̯ẽ²⁴/

/ˀɤɻ⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/

/jiː²² jiːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/zi³³⁻²¹ hiɛn²³/

/d͡zi³⁵⁻¹¹ hĩ⁵⁵/

/ɤ̞²¹⁻¹¹ ɕi̯ẽ²⁴/

(Cantonese, Hakka, Zhao'an Hokkien, specifically) erhu


奶奶

/naɪ̯²¹⁴ naɪ̯⁴/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ naɪ̯³⁵/

nai⁵⁻⁴ nai⁵⁻²

/naːi̯¹³⁻²¹ naːi̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nãi⁵³/

/nãi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nãi⁵⁵⁴/

/nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nãi⁵³/

/nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nãi⁵³/

/nãi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nãi⁴¹/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴ naɪ̯⁴/

/naɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ naɪ̯³⁵/

/naːi̯¹³⁻²¹ naːi̯¹³⁻³⁵/

/nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nãi⁵³/

/nãi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nãi⁵⁵⁴/

/nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nãi⁵³/

/nãi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nãi⁵³/

/nãi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ nãi⁴¹/

nai⁵⁻¹ nai⁵⁻¹

/naːi̯¹³⁻⁵⁵ naːi̯¹³⁻⁵⁵/

/nˡɛiŋ⁵⁵ nˡɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/ne⁴⁴⁻²² ne⁴⁴/

/naːi̯¹³⁻⁵⁵ naːi̯¹³⁻⁵⁵/

/nˡɛiŋ⁵⁵ nˡɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/ne⁴⁴⁻²² ne⁴⁴/

(Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) mother-in-law (husband's mother)


山羊角

/ʂän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

ㄕㄢ ㄧㄤˊ ㄐㄧㄠˇㄦ

/ʂän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹ kɔːk̚³/

/ʂän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʂän⁵⁵ jɑŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯aʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/saːn⁵⁵ jœːŋ²¹ kɔːk̚³/

/san⁴⁴⁻³⁵ iɔŋ¹¹ kɔk̚¹/

/san⁴⁴⁻³⁵ iɔŋ¹¹ kɔk̚¹/


發狂

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (發狂):
* → Japanese: 発狂(はっきょう) (hakkyō)
* → Korean: 발광(發狂) (balgwang)
* → Vietnamese: phát cuồng (發狂)

/fä⁵⁵ kʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/faːt̚³ kʰɔːŋ²¹/

/pot⁵⁻² kʰoŋ⁵⁵/

/huaʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kɒŋ¹³/

/huoʔ²⁻⁴ kɒŋ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ kɔŋ²⁴/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ kɔŋ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁵ kɔŋ¹³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ kɔŋ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ kɔŋ²³/

/fä⁵⁵ kʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/faːt̚³ kʰɔːŋ²¹/

/pot⁵⁻² kʰoŋ⁵⁵/

/huaʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kɒŋ¹³/

/huoʔ²⁻⁴ kɒŋ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ kɔŋ²⁴/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ kɔŋ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁵ kɔŋ¹³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ kɔŋ²⁴/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ kɔŋ²³/


新婦

新妇
新抱
心抱
新袍
新府
新𡜵

/sɐn⁵⁵ fuː¹³/

/sɐn⁵⁵ pʰou̯¹³/

/sɐm⁵⁵ pʰou̯¹³/

/siŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mou²⁴²/

/ɬiŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mu¹¹/

/ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mu²¹/

/θiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mu²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ pu³³/

/sin³³⁻²¹ pu²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² pu²²/

/sim⁴⁴⁻²² pu²²/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ pu³⁵/

/sim³³⁻²³ pu³⁵/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ pu³⁵/

/ɕiŋ³³ vu⁵¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵ βu³¹/

/sɐn⁵⁵ fuː¹³/

/sɐn⁵⁵ pʰou̯¹³/

/sɐm⁵⁵ pʰou̯¹³/

/siŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mou²⁴²/

/ɬiŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mu¹¹/

/ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mu²¹/

/θiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mu²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻³³ pu³³/

/sin³³⁻²¹ pu²¹/

/sin⁴⁴⁻²² pu²²/

/sim⁴⁴⁻²² pu²²/

/siŋ³³⁻²³ pu³⁵/

/sim³³⁻²³ pu³⁵/

/seŋ³³⁻²³ pu³⁵/

/ɕiŋ³³ vu⁵¹/

/siŋ⁵⁵ βu³¹/

(literary or Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min, Pinghua, Wu) daughter-in-law


長生

Sino-Xenic (長生):
* → Japanese: 長(ちょう)生(せい) (chōsei)

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² sŋ̍³³/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/qiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ se³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ sɐŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ saːŋ⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² sŋ̍³³/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiaŋ¹³⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/qiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ se³³/

(dialectal Hakka, Teochew, euphemistic) coffin

† - prepared before one's death; ‡ - elegant name


辯護士

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/piːn²² wuː²² siː²²/

/pʰi̯en⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/

/piɛn³³⁻¹¹ hɔ³³⁻¹¹ su³³/

/piɛn³³⁻²¹ hɔ³³⁻²¹ su³³/

/piɛn³³⁻²² hɔ³¹⁻²² sɨ³³/

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/piːn²² wuː²² siː²²/

/pʰi̯en⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/

/piɛn³³⁻¹¹ hɔ³³⁻¹¹ su³³/

/piɛn³³⁻²¹ hɔ³³⁻²¹ su³³/

/piɛn³³⁻²² hɔ³¹⁻²² sɨ³³/

The "lawyer" sense is orthographically reborrowed into Taiwanese Mandarin, Min Nan and Hakka from Japanese 弁護士(べんごし) (bengoshi). Cognate with Jeju 벤호사 (benhosa) and Korean 변호사 (byeonhosa).

(Taiwan, chiefly Southern Min and Hakka, dated in Mandarin) lawyer; attorney


風颱

/fuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰai̯²⁴/

/xɔŋ⁵⁴ tʰai⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ⁵⁵⁻³³ tʰai⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰai⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰai⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ³³⁻²¹ tʰai³³/

/huaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰai⁴⁴/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ tʰai³³/

/fuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰai̯²⁴/

/xɔŋ⁵⁴ tʰai⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ⁵⁵⁻³³ tʰai⁵⁵/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰai⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰai⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ³³⁻²¹ tʰai³³/

/huaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰai⁴⁴/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ tʰai³³/

2013, “大雨欲來”, in 十方 (lyrics), 方文良 [Neil Fang] (music), 另存心檔, performed by 亦帆 [Canace]:

bí-lē kòe-khì ná-chhiūⁿ chi̍t ê hong-thai

美麗過去若像一個風颱

美丽过去若像一个风台

(Min; Hakka; dialectal Cantonese, including Zhongshan, Zhuhai) typhoon

樹頭徛予在，毋驚樹尾做風颱 / 树头徛予在，毋惊树尾做风台

chhiū-thâu khiā hō͘ chāi, m̄ kiaⁿ chhiū-bóe chò-hong-thai


黃芽白

→ English: wombok

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄧㄚˊ ㄅㄞˊ

ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄧㄚˊ ㄅㄞˊ

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ jä³⁵ paɪ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ ŋaː²¹ paːk̚²/

/ʋɔŋ¹¹ ŋa¹¹ pʰak̚⁵/

/u̯an¹³ i̯a̠¹³ pɤ̞²⁴/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ jä³⁵ paɪ̯³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ ŋaː²¹ paːk̚²/

/ʋɔŋ¹¹ ŋa¹¹ pʰak̚⁵/

/u̯an¹³ i̯a̠¹³ pɤ̞²⁴/

(chiefly Wuhan Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Xiang) napa cabbage


便便

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹ b̥i̯ɛn¹/

/piɛn²²⁻²¹ piɛn²²/

/piɛn⁴¹⁻²² piɛn⁴¹/

/piɛn²²⁻²¹ piɛn²²/

/piɛn³³⁻¹¹ piɛn³³/

/piɛn³³⁻²¹ piɛn³³/

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹ b̥i̯ɛn¹/

/piɛn²²⁻²¹ piɛn²²/

/piɛn⁴¹⁻²² piɛn⁴¹/

/piɛn²²⁻²¹ piɛn²²/

/piɛn³³⁻¹¹ piɛn³³/

/piɛn³³⁻²¹ piɛn³³/

(Hakka, Southern Min) ready; ready-made; readily available


飲茶

/in²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

/jɐm³⁵ t͡sʰaː²¹/

/ᵑɡim⁵⁵ t͡sʰa²²/

/im⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²⁴/

/im⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ te²⁴/

/im⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te¹³/

/im⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²⁴/

/im⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te²³/

/in²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/

/jɐm³⁵ t͡sʰaː²¹/

/ᵑɡim⁵⁵ t͡sʰa²²/

/im⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²⁴/

/im⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ te²⁴/

/im⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te¹³/

/im⁵³⁻⁴⁴ te²⁴/

/im⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ te²³/

(literary or Cantonese, Hakka) to drink tea


糞堆

/fən⁵¹ tu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/fɐn³³ tɵy̯⁵⁵/

/pun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tui³³/

/fən⁵¹ tu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/fɐn³³ tɵy̯⁵⁵/

/pun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tui³³/

(Hakka, Southern Min) pile of trash; garbage heap


馬騮

→ Macanese: malau

maa⁵⁻¹ lau⁴⁻¹

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

maa⁵⁻¹ lau⁴⁻¹

maa⁵⁻¹ lau⁴⁻¹

ma⁵⁻¹ leo⁴⁻¹

/maː¹³ lɐu̯²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/maː¹³⁻⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/maː¹³ lɐu̯²¹⁻⁵⁵/

/maː¹³⁻⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹⁻⁵⁵/

Unknown. Some possibilities for the etymology:
* A substrate Tai-Kadai loanword, compare Zhuang maxlaeuz (“monkey”), Lingao ma² lu² (“monkey”), Gelao mu⁶ lau².
* From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m(j/r)uk. Cognate with Burmese မျောက် (myauk, “monkey”) and possibly 猱 (OC *ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us, “yellow-haired monkey”). Compare 母猴 (OC *mɯʔ ɡoː, “macaque”), 沐猴 (OC *moːɡ ɡoː, “macaque”), 獼猴 (OC *mnel ɡoː, “macaque”) and 馬猴／马猴 (mǎhóu, “macaque”). The latter has the same pre-initial.

och-l

马骝
馬留
馬流
獁騮
馬嘍
嗎嘍

(chiefly Cantonese, Pinghua, dialectal Hakka, Guangxi Mandarin, Zhongshan Min, Pingnan Min) monkey (Classifier: 隻／只 c)


冬瓜

→ English: tung qua

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊u̯ä²/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ku̯a²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁴⁴ kua⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ⁵⁴ kua⁵⁴/

/tøyŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁵/

/taŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋua⁵³³/

/taŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kue⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kue⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kua⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³⁻²¹ kua³³/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ kue³³/

/tʊŋ³³ ku̯a̠³³/

/tən³³ ku̯a̠³³/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊u̯ä²/

/tʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷaː⁵⁵/

/tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ku̯a²⁴/

/tʊŋ⁴⁴ kua⁴⁴/

/tɔŋ⁵⁴ kua⁵⁴/

/tøyŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁵/

/taŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋua⁵³³/

/taŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kue⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kue⁴⁴/

/taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kua⁴⁴/

/taŋ³³⁻²¹ kua³³/

/taŋ³³⁻²³ kue³³/

/tʊŋ³³ ku̯a̠³³/

/tən³³ ku̯a̠³³/


專門

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/t͡sᵘɔn³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/t͡sɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ mun¹¹/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻²² muĩ¹³/

/t͡sø⁵⁵ mən²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/t͡sᵘɔn³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/t͡sɔn⁴⁴⁻³⁵ mun¹¹/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻²² muĩ¹³/

/t͡sø⁵⁵ mən²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ məɻ³⁵/

/t͡syːn⁵⁵ muːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕy̯ẽ³³ mən¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ mən³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵⁵ məɻ³⁵/

/t͡syːn⁵⁵ muːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/t͡sᵘɔn³³ ᵐbᵘɔn²²/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/t͡suan⁴⁴⁻²² muĩ¹³/

/t͡sø⁵⁵ mən²¹/

/t͡ɕy̯ẽ³³ mən¹³/

(Cantonese, Hakka, Jin) on purpose; deliberately


熱氣

/ʐɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/ᵑɡet̚³² hi³³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² kʰi¹¹/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² kʰi²¹/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² kʰi⁴¹/

/d͡ziɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰi²¹/

/ziɛt̚⁴⁻³² kʰi²¹/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ¹¹ t͡ɕʰi²³/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ²² t͡ɕʰi⁵²³/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ²² t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/

/ʐɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/ᵑɡet̚³² hi³³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² kʰi¹¹/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² kʰi²¹/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² kʰi⁴¹/

/d͡ziɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kʰi²¹/

/ziɛt̚⁴⁻³² kʰi²¹/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ¹¹ t͡ɕʰi²³/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ²² t͡ɕʰi⁵²³/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ²² t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/

(Hakka) food that increases internal heat (e.g. deep-fried food)


飲水

/in²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐm³⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/im⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sui⁵³/

/im⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sui⁵⁵⁴/

/im⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/in²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐm³⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/im⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sui⁵³/

/im⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sui⁵⁵⁴/

/im⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

充足飲水

充足饮水

(literary or Cantonese, Hakka) to drink water


加減

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (加減):
* → Japanese: 加(か)減(げん) (kagen)
* → Korean: 가감(加減) (gagam)

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² kiam⁵³/

/kɛ³³⁻²¹ kiam⁴⁴⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² kiam⁵³/

/kɛ³³⁻²¹ kiam⁴⁴⁵/

(Hakka, Hokkien) somewhat; to some extent; more or less


杯仔

/puːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/pi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ie³¹/

/pue⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/pue⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/pue⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴²/

/pue⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/puːi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/pi⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ie³¹/

/pue⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁵³/

/pue⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/pue⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴²/

/pue⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/


欠缺

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/kʰiam²¹⁻⁵³ kʰeʔ³²/

/kʰiam¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰeʔ³²/

/kʰiam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰəʔ⁵/

/kʰiam²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰueʔ³²/

/kʰiam²¹⁻⁵³ kʰueʔ³²/

/kʰiam²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰuat̚³²/

/kʰiam¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰuat̚³²/

/kʰiam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰuat̚⁵/

/kʰiam²¹⁻⁵³ kʰuat̚³²/

/kʰiam²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰueʔ²/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵⁵/

/kʰiam²¹⁻⁵³ kʰeʔ³²/

/kʰiam¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰeʔ³²/

/kʰiam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰəʔ⁵/

/kʰiam²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰueʔ³²/

/kʰiam²¹⁻⁵³ kʰueʔ³²/

/kʰiam²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰuat̚³²/

/kʰiam¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰuat̚³²/

/kʰiam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰuat̚⁵/

/kʰiam²¹⁻⁵³ kʰuat̚³²/

/kʰiam²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰueʔ²/

(Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka, Quanzhou, Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) to lack; to be deficient in; to be short of


冤枉

/ɥɛn⁵⁵ wɑŋ²/

/ɥɛn⁵⁵ wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ³⁵/

/ʒan⁵³ voŋ²⁴/

/ian⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ʋɔŋ³¹/

/ye¹¹ vɒ̃¹¹/

/œŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋɒŋ⁴⁵³/

/yøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋɒŋ³³²/

/œŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))nɒŋ⁴⁵³/

/yøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))nɒŋ³³²/

/uan⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ⁵³/

/uan⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ⁴²/

/uan⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ⁴¹/

/uan³³ ɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/uan⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ⁵³/

/ɥɛn⁵⁵ wɑŋ²/

/ɥɛn⁵⁵ wɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyːn⁵⁵ wɔːŋ³⁵/

/ʒan⁵³ voŋ²⁴/

/ian⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ʋɔŋ³¹/

/ye¹¹ vɒ̃¹¹/

/œŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋɒŋ⁴⁵³/

/yøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋɒŋ³³²/

/œŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))nɒŋ⁴⁵³/

/yøŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))nɒŋ³³²/

/uan⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ⁵³/

/uan⁴⁴⁻²² ɔŋ⁴²/

/uan⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ⁴¹/

/uan³³ ɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/uan⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔŋ⁵³/


細妹

/sɐi̯³³ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/sɐi̯³³ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/


試看

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰän⁵¹/

/siː³³ hɔːn³³/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ kʰon⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁵³ kʰuã²¹/

/t͡sʰi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰuã⁴¹/

/t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁵³ kʰuã²¹/

/t͡sʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰuã¹¹/

/t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰuã²¹/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʰän⁵¹/

/siː³³ hɔːn³³/

/t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ kʰon⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁵³ kʰuã²¹/

/t͡sʰi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰuã⁴¹/

/t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁵³ kʰuã²¹/

/t͡sʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰuã¹¹/

/t͡sʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰuã²¹/


腰帶

/jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/jiːu̯⁵⁵ taːi̯³³⁻³⁵/

/jiau³³ ai³³⁻³³⁵/

/i̯eu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ tai̯⁵⁵/

/iau⁴⁴⁻³⁵ taɪ⁵³/

/ieu⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɑi²¹³/

/io⁴⁴⁻²² tua²¹/

/io⁴⁴⁻²² tua²¹/

/io⁴⁴⁻³³ tua¹¹/

/iɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ tua²¹/

/jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/jiːu̯⁵⁵ taːi̯³³⁻³⁵/

/jiau³³ ai³³⁻³³⁵/

/i̯eu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ tai̯⁵⁵/

/iau⁴⁴⁻³⁵ taɪ⁵³/

/ieu⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɑi²¹³/

/io⁴⁴⁻²² tua²¹/

/io⁴⁴⁻²² tua²¹/

/io⁴⁴⁻³³ tua¹¹/

/iɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ tua²¹/

(Meixian Hakka) (waist) belt used to practice martial arts


車牌

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹/

/t͡sʰiɛ³³ pʰai²²/

/t͡sʰa²⁴ pʰai̯¹¹/

/t͡ʃʰa⁵³ pʰai⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰia⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾e¹³/

/t͡sʰia⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βe²⁴/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻²² pai²⁴/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻²² pai¹³/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ pai²⁴/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ pai²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵ pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵ pʰaːi̯²¹/

/t͡sʰiɛ³³ pʰai²²/

/t͡sʰa²⁴ pʰai̯¹¹/

/t͡ʃʰa⁵³ pʰai⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰia⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾e¹³/

/t͡sʰia⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βe²⁴/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻²² pai²⁴/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻²² pai¹³/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ pai²⁴/

/t͡sʰia⁴⁴⁻³³ pai²³/


阿娘

/ˀä⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/a²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/aː³³ nœːŋ²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²³/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nie⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²³ nio⁵⁵/

/a⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/aʔ³³ n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ˀä⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/a²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/aː³³ nœːŋ²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niã²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²⁴/

/an⁴⁴⁻³³ niã²³/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niã²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nie⁵⁵/

/a³³⁻²³ nio⁵⁵/

/a⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/aʔ³³ n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nia⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/an⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ niũ²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ nia⁵⁵/

† - father's elder sister; ‡ - father's younger sister; § - married; ≠ - unmarried; ¶ - face-to-face; ∅ - non-face-to-face

§ - married; > - mother's elder sister; < - mother's younger sister

(Du'an Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Zhejiang Wu) paternal aunt (wife of father's elder brother)

(dialectal Hakka) paternal aunt (wife of father's younger brother)


豆油

→ Bikol Central: tawyo

→ Kanakanabu: tau'iu

→ Malay: tauyu, toyu

→ Tagalog: toyo

/toʊ̯⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵/

/təu²¹³ iəu²¹/

/tɐu̯²² jɐu̯²¹/

/tʰeu̯⁵⁵ i̯u¹¹/

/tau²²⁻²¹ iu¹³/

/tau³¹⁻²² iu²⁴/

/tau³³⁻²¹ iu²⁴/

/tau³³⁻¹¹ iu²⁴/

/tau³³⁻²¹ iu²³/

/tau⁴¹⁻²² iu²⁴/

/tau²²⁻²¹ iu²⁴/

/dɤ²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/toʊ̯⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵/

/təu²¹³ iəu²¹/

/tɐu̯²² jɐu̯²¹/

/tʰeu̯⁵⁵ i̯u¹¹/

/tau²²⁻²¹ iu¹³/

/tau³¹⁻²² iu²⁴/

/tau³³⁻²¹ iu²⁴/

/tau³³⁻¹¹ iu²⁴/

/tau³³⁻²¹ iu²³/

/tau⁴¹⁻²² iu²⁴/

/tau²²⁻²¹ iu²⁴/

/dɤ²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/


公太

/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰaɪ⁵³/

/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰai̯⁵⁵/

/kʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʰaɪ⁵³/

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather#English

(Hakka) great-grandfather (particularly paternal grandfather's father)


風神

Sino-Xenic (風神):
* → Japanese: 風神(ふうじん) (fūjin)
* → Korean: 풍신(風神) (pungsin)
* → Vietnamese: phong thần (風神)

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹/

/fuŋ²⁴ sɨn¹¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ sin²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin¹³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²³/

/foŋ⁵⁵ zən²¹/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ sɐn²¹/

/fuŋ²⁴ sɨn¹¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ sin²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sin¹³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²³/

/foŋ⁵⁵ zən²¹/


水尾

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯³⁵ mei̯¹³/

/ʃui²⁴⁻³³ mui⁵³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bə⁵⁵⁴/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɵy̯³⁵ mei̯¹³/

/ʃui²⁴⁻³³ mui⁵³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bə⁵⁵⁴/

(literary or Hakka, Southern Min) downstream regions of a river


山崎

/san²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯a⁵⁵/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ kia³³/

/san²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯a⁵⁵/

/suã⁴⁴⁻³³ kia³³/

(Hakka, Southern Min) mountainside; hillside


結花

(Hakka) to pin on flowers, to attach flowers


番鬼

→ Indonesian: fankui

/fän⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/faːn⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯³⁵/

/fan⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɪ³¹/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ kui⁵²/

/fän⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/faːn⁵⁵ kʷɐi̯³⁵/

/fan⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɪ³¹/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ kui⁵²/

Terms that include 鬼 and/or 番 are potentially derogatory.

(Indonesia Hakka, Mandarin, derogatory, ethnic slur) Indonesian person of native origin; pribumi


正經

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥iŋ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiɪŋ³³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ keŋ³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ d͡ʑ̥iŋ¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sɪŋ³³ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiɪŋ³³/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɪŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ keŋ³³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Hakka, Southern Min) really


妹子

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/moi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/mɛ⁵⁵ t͡siɛ²¹/

/me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mai̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/moi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/mɛ⁵⁵ t͡siɛ²¹/

/me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mai̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

(dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Xiang) young lady; miss


爺娘

/jɛ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jɛː²¹ nœːŋ²¹/

/ia³⁵ n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/i̯a¹¹ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ʒa⁵⁵ ŋioŋ⁵⁵/

/ɦia²² n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ɦia²² n̠ʲiã²²/

/i̯a̠¹³ n̠ʲi̯æn¹³/

/jɛ³⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/jɛː²¹ nœːŋ²¹/

/ia³⁵ n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/i̯a¹¹ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ʒa⁵⁵ ŋioŋ⁵⁵/

/ɦia²² n̠ʲiã⁴⁴/

/ɦia²² n̠ʲiã²²/

/i̯a̠¹³ n̠ʲi̯æn¹³/

No sound of her parents hailing their girl, just the rumbling waters of the Yellow River.

bù wén yéniáng huàn nǚ shēng, dàn wén Huánghé liúshuǐ míng jiànjiàn

不聞爺娘喚女聲，但聞黃河流水鳴濺濺

不闻爷娘唤女声，但闻黄河流水鸣溅溅

(literary or Gan, Hakka, Xiang, Wu) parents

毋識字怨爺娘，毋會賺錢怨屋場 / 毋识字怨爷娘，毋会赚钱怨屋场

m̀ sṳt-sṳ yen yà-ngiòng, m̀-voi chhon-chhièn yen vuk-chhòng

爺娘想子長江水，子想爺娘擔竿長 / 爷娘想子长江水，子想爷娘担竿长

yà-ngiòng sióng chṳ́ chhòng-kông súi, chṳ́ sióng yà-ngiòng tam-kôn chhòng


後背

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² puːi̯³³/

/heu³² pᵘɔi³³⁻²¹/

/heu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ poɪ⁵³/

/xəu̯²¹⁻¹¹ pe̞i̯⁴⁵/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² puːi̯³³/

/heu³² pᵘɔi³³⁻²¹/

/heu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ poɪ⁵³/

/xəu̯²¹⁻¹¹ pe̞i̯⁴⁵/

And, behold, a woman, which was diseased with an issue of blood twelve years, came behind him, and touched the hem of his garment.

現代臺灣客語譯本 (Today's Taiwan Hakka Version), 馬太福音 (Matthew) 9:20

Yû yit-ke fu-ngìn-kâ, pot hiet-leu-phiang sṳ̍p-ngi ngièn; kì hàng-to Yâ-sû ke heu-poi, miâ kì ke sâm-mî.

有一個婦人家，發血漏病十二年；姖行到耶穌个後背，摸佢个衫尾。

有一个妇人家，发血漏病十二年；姖行到耶稣个后背，摸佢个衫尾。

(Lichuan Gan, Hakka, Pinghua, Taishanese, Xiang, Ningbonese) behind; rear; back


膠袋

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

(chiefly Cantonese, Hakka) plastic bag (Classifier: 個／个 c)


密密

/mi⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi⁵¹/

/mɐt̚² mɐt̚²/

/bat̚⁴³⁻²¹ bat̚⁴³/

/bat̚²⁴⁻² bat̚²⁴/

/bat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bat̚¹²¹/

/mi⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi⁵¹/

/mɐt̚² mɐt̚²/

/bat̚⁴³⁻²¹ bat̚⁴³/

/bat̚²⁴⁻² bat̚²⁴/

/bat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bat̚¹²¹/


孫郎

/suŋ³⁵⁻³³ lɔ²²/

/suŋ³⁵⁻³³ lɔ²²/

(Hepu Cantonese, Zhao'an and Luchuan Hakka, Pingxiang Gan, Leizhou Min) grandson-in-law (granddaughter's husband)


番人

→ Indonesian: fan ngin

/fän⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/fan⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/huaŋ⁵⁵ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/huan⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/huan⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/hueŋ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

/fän⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/

/fan⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋin¹¹/

/huaŋ⁵⁵ nˡøyŋ⁵³/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ²⁴/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² laŋ¹³/

/huan⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²⁴/

/huan⁴⁴⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/hueŋ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

唐人番人一樣

唐人番人一样

(Indonesia Hakka) Indonesian person of native origin; pribumi


阿媽

/aː³³ maː¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/a³³⁻²³ ma⁵²/

/aː³³ maː¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/a³³⁻²³ ma⁵²/

阿妈
阿妈
阿嬤
俺媽
俺嬤
阿罵
阿妈
阿馬
阿瑪

(Hong Kong, chiefly Tanka Cantonese, Weitou Cantonese, Hakka, religion) An epithet of the Fujianese sea goddess Mazu - 媽祖／妈祖 (Māzǔ).

chiefly Tanka Cantonese; Weitou Cantonese; chiefly Tanka Cantonese; Weitou Cantonese


膝蓋骨

/ɕi⁵⁵ kaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐt̚⁵ kɔːi̯³³ kʷɐt̚⁵/

/t͡ɕʰit̚¹ koɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kut̚¹/

/sit̚³²⁻⁴ kai²¹⁻⁵³ kut̚³²/

/ɕi⁵⁵ kaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐt̚⁵ kɔːi̯³³ kʷɐt̚⁵/

/t͡ɕʰit̚¹ koɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kut̚¹/

/sit̚³²⁻⁴ kai²¹⁻⁵³ kut̚³²/


膝頭

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/sɐt̚⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/ɕit̚⁵ tʰɛu²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰit̚¹ tʰeu¹¹/

/ɕi⁵⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/sɐt̚⁵ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/ɕit̚⁵ tʰɛu²⁴/

/t͡ɕʰit̚¹ tʰeu¹¹/

(literary or Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Hainanese, Guangxi Min, Pinghua) knee


鴨子

/ap̚² t͡sɨ³¹/

/ap⁵⁻² t͡sɨ²⁴/

/ap̚² t͡sɨ³¹/

/ap⁵⁻² t͡sɨ²⁴/


尷尬

/kän⁵⁵ kä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/kam²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯e⁵⁵/

/kaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯e⁵⁵/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ke⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɑi²¹³/

/kam²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kai²¹³/

/kẽ̞³³ kɑ³⁴/

/kän⁵⁵ kä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/kam²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯e⁵⁵/

/kaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯e⁵⁵/

/kam⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ke⁵³/

/kaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɑi²¹³/

/kam²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kai²¹³/

/kẽ̞³³ kɑ³⁴/

The original form, 尲尬 (OC *kreːm kreːds), was first attested in the 2ⁿᵈ century CE in the ancient dictionary of Shuowen and was discernibly an ideophonic, disyllabic word of reduplicative nature (連綿詞).
The term 尲尬 seemed to have fallen into disuse by medieval times, except dialectally, in the Wu region. The dialectal form of it was revived in literature in the form of 尷尬 since the Yuan dynasty, and the colloquial Mandarin pronunciation gāngà was borrowed thence.

etydate/the

2ⁿᵈ century <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>


店頭

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/tiam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰau²⁴/

/ti̯ɛn⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/tiam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰau²⁴/

(Hokkien, Hakka) shop; store (Classifier: 間／间 mn)


外出

/waɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːi̯²² t͡sʰɵt̚⁵/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰut̚³²/

/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰut̚⁵/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰut̚³²/

/ɡua³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰut̚³²/

/ɡua³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰut̚³²/

/waɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/

/ŋɔːi̯²² t͡sʰɵt̚⁵/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰut̚³²/

/ɡua⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰut̚⁵/

/ɡua²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰut̚³²/

/ɡua³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰut̚³²/

/ɡua³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰut̚³²/


青果

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ko⁵³/

/ˈt͡ɕʰin⁴² kuo²¹³/

/t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuo³¹/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuo³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/

/t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁵³/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ kue⁵²/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ kũẽ⁵²/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ kũãĩ⁵²/

/t͡ɕʰin³³ ko⁴¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ko⁵³/

/ˈt͡ɕʰin⁴² kuo²¹³/

/t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuo³¹/

/t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuo³³/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/

/t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁵³/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ kue⁵²/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ kũẽ⁵²/

/t͡sʰẽ³³⁻²³ kũãĩ⁵²/

/t͡ɕʰin³³ ko⁴¹/


㔷

(Hakka) alternative form of 偋 (“to hide”)


㕸

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 口 + phonetic 立 (OC *rɯb).


乞食

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/hɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚²/

/kʰi̯e³¹ sɨt̚⁵/

/kʰyʔ²⁴⁻²¹ sieʔ⁵/

/kʰɔʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬiæʔ⁴/

/kʰɔʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬɛʔ⁴/

/kʰoʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬe̞ʔ⁴/

/kʰuoʔ²⁻⁴ ɬiɛʔ⁴/

/kʰoʔ²⁻⁴ θiɛʔ⁴/

/kʰɯəʔ²⁻⁴ ɬia²⁴/

/kʰɔʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬia¹³/

/kʰuoʔ²⁻⁴ ɬia²⁴/

/kʰit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siaʔ¹²¹/

/kʰit̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siaʔ²⁴/

/kʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/kʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴³/

/kʰit̚³²⁻⁵⁴ t͡siaʔ⁵⁴/

/kʰɯk̚²⁻⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/hɐt̚⁵ sɪk̚²/

/kʰi̯e³¹ sɨt̚⁵/

/kʰyʔ²⁴⁻²¹ sieʔ⁵/

/kʰɔʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬiæʔ⁴/

/kʰɔʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬɛʔ⁴/

/kʰoʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬe̞ʔ⁴/

/kʰuoʔ²⁻⁴ ɬiɛʔ⁴/

/kʰoʔ²⁻⁴ θiɛʔ⁴/

/kʰɯəʔ²⁻⁴ ɬia²⁴/

/kʰɔʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬia¹³/

/kʰuoʔ²⁻⁴ ɬia²⁴/

/kʰit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡siaʔ¹²¹/

/kʰit̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡siaʔ²⁴/

/kʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/kʰit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴³/

/kʰit̚³²⁻⁵⁴ t͡siaʔ⁵⁴/

/kʰɯk̚²⁻⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/


㬹

(Cantonese, Hakka) rear part of a limb; elbow or heel


㿸

(Hakka, Xiang, Pingxiang Gan) grime or dirt on one's body (especially the skin)


䞰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 走 (“run”) + phonetic 赤 (OC *kʰljaɡ).


百足

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/pak̚³² ɬɵk̚⁵⁵/

/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡su³⁵/

/pak̚³² ɬɵk̚⁵⁵/

(literary or Cantonese, Pinghua, dialectal Hakka) centipede (Classifier: 條／条 c)


反面

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/piɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/

/piɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/

/hueŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ miŋ¹¹/

/fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/piɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/

/piɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin³³/

/hueŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ miŋ¹¹/

/faːn³⁵ miːn²²⁻³⁵/

/faːn³⁵ miːn²²⁻³⁵/

(Cantonese, Hakka) to break up; to fall out; to turn against


出息

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi²/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ sit̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi²/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ siɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ sit̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɕi³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ sɪk̚⁵/


腳氣

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/kœːk̚³ hei̯³³/

/t͡ɕyəʔ² t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi²¹/

/kʰa³³ kʰi⁴¹/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi²¹/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi¹¹/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/

/kœːk̚³ hei̯³³/

/t͡ɕyəʔ² t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi²¹/

/kʰa³³ kʰi⁴¹/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi²¹/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi¹¹/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi²¹/


處所

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰyː³³ sɔː³⁵/

/t͡sʰɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ sɔ⁵³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ se⁵³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹ su̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰyː³³ sɔː³⁵/

/t͡sʰɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ sɔ⁵³/

/t͡sʰu²¹⁻⁵³ se⁵³/


利便

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/l̃i²⁴²⁻⁵³ piɛŋ²⁴²/

/li¹¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ɛŋ¹¹/

/li²¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɛŋ²¹/

/li²²⁻²¹ piɛn²²/

/li⁴¹⁻²² piɛn⁴¹/

/li²²⁻²¹ piɛn²²/

/li³³⁻¹¹ piɛn³³/

/li³³⁻²¹ piɛn³³/

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/l̃i²⁴²⁻⁵³ piɛŋ²⁴²/

/li¹¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ɛŋ¹¹/

/li²¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɛŋ²¹/

/li²²⁻²¹ piɛn²²/

/li⁴¹⁻²² piɛn⁴¹/

/li²²⁻²¹ piɛn²²/

/li³³⁻¹¹ piɛn³³/

/li³³⁻²¹ piɛn³³/

(literary or Hakka, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) convenient


利市

→ English: lai see

→ Macanese: laissí

→ Vietnamese: lì xì

→ Zhuang: leixseih (“red envelope”)

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/lɐi̯²² siː²²/

/li⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sz̩⁵³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³³/

/li²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²²/

/li³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰi³³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/lɐi̯²² siː²²/

/li⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sz̩⁵³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³³/

/li²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²²/

/li³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰi³³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/

fung¹ jat¹ baak³ man¹ lai⁶ si⁶ bei² keoi⁵ laa¹.

封一百蚊利市畀佢啦。

(Cantonese, Hakka, Nanning Pinghua, Guangxi Mandarin, Teochew) red envelope; red packet; lai see (a monetary gift which is given during holidays or special occasions) (Classifier: 封)


利市

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/lɐi̯²² siː²²/

/li⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sz̩⁵³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³³/

/li²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²²/

/li³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰi³³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/lɐi̯²² siː²²/

/li⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sz̩⁵³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi³³/

/li²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰi²²/

/li³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰi³³/

/li⁴¹⁻²² t͡sʰi²²/

(dialectal, chiefly Cantonese, Hakka) lucky


紅毛茄

/aŋ²³⁻²¹ mɔ²³⁻²¹ kio²³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɔ²⁴⁻²¹ kio²⁴/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kio⁵⁵/

/aŋ²³⁻²¹ mɔ²³⁻²¹ kio²³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ mɔ²⁴⁻²¹ kio²⁴/

/aŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kio⁵⁵/

(Southeast Asia Hakka and Southern Min) tomato


利子

/li⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/li³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/li³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

/li⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/li³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/

/li³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/

(finance, dated or Hakka) interest (on mortgages or savings)


坐船

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː¹³ syːn²¹/

/tʰᵘɔ³³ sᵘɔn²²/

/t͡sʰo¹¹ sɵn³⁵/

/t͡se²²⁻²¹ t͡sun¹³/

/t͡se²²⁻²¹ t͡sun²⁴/

/t͡se³³⁻¹¹ t͡sun²⁴/

/t͡se³³⁻²¹ t͡sun²³/

/t͡se³³⁻²² t͡sun²⁴/

/t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔː¹³ syːn²¹/

/tʰᵘɔ³³ sᵘɔn²²/

/t͡sʰo¹¹ sɵn³⁵/

/t͡se²²⁻²¹ t͡sun¹³/

/t͡se²²⁻²¹ t͡sun²⁴/

/t͡se³³⁻¹¹ t͡sun²⁴/

/t͡se³³⁻²¹ t͡sun²³/

/t͡se³³⁻²² t͡sun²⁴/

(Liuzhou Mandarin, Hakka, Teochew) The Chinese character component 辶.


幫手

/pɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²/

/pɔːŋ⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/pɔŋ³³ siu⁵⁵/

/pɔŋ⁴² sɨu²/

/pɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ su³¹/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/paŋ³³ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/pɑ̃⁵⁵ sɤ²¹/

/pɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/pɑŋ⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²/

/pɔːŋ⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/

/pɔŋ³³ siu⁵⁵/

/pɔŋ⁴² sɨu²/

/pɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ su³¹/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/paŋ³³ t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/paŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/pɑ̃⁵⁵ sɤ²¹/

If you want to help, then go wash the dishes.

jyu⁴ gwo² nei⁵ soeng² bong¹ sau², zau⁶ heoi³ sai² wun² laa¹.

如果你想幫手，就去洗碗啦。

如果你想帮手，就去洗碗啦。

(Cantonese, Hakka, Pinghua, Liuzhou Mandarin) to help


傾偈

傾⫽偈 (canonical)
倾偈
傾計
謦欬
傾蓋

/kʰɪŋ⁵⁵ kɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/kʰen³³ kai³²⁻³²⁵/

/kʰeŋ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ kai²³/

/kʰeŋ⁴²⁻²⁴ kai²⁴/

/kʰɪŋ⁵⁵ kɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/kʰen³³ kai³²⁻³²⁵/

/kʰeŋ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ kai²³/

/kʰeŋ⁴²⁻²⁴ kai²⁴/

Possibly from 傾 (“to chat < to pour out”) + 偈 (“words < gatha”).
Some propose that it comes from Classical Chinese 謦欬 (“to cough; to talk casually”).

冇乜偈好傾

冇乜偈好倾

1987, 皮思旺, “Sales · 牧師”, in 橄欖, number 57, page 17:

bat¹ gwo³ kei⁴ sat⁶ ngo⁵ dou¹ m⁴ hai⁶ m⁴ soeng² gaau² je⁵ ge³, zou² paai⁴ zung⁶ nam² zyu⁶ gaau² go³ zung¹ kap¹ tyun⁴, soeng² waa⁶ bei² di¹ zing³ kok³ di¹ ge³ tai² faat³ keoi⁵ dei⁶, bat¹ gwo³ hau⁶ loi⁴ ngo⁵ tung⁴ di¹ tyun⁴ jau⁵ king¹ gai⁶⁻², sin¹ zi³ faat³ gok³ jyun⁴ loi⁴ keoi⁵ dei⁶ deoi³ seon³ joeng⁵ dik¹ tai² faat³ hou² bun² sik¹ faa³ gaa³, keoi⁵ dei⁶ giu³ soeng⁶ dai³ zou⁶ fren¹ ge³, zung⁶ gok³ dak¹ soeng⁶ dai³ si⁴ si⁴ tung⁴ keoi⁵ dei⁶ jat¹ cai⁴, mat¹ si⁶ dou¹ kei⁴ tou² ge³.

不過其實我都唔係唔想攪嘢嘅，早排重諗住攪個中級團，想話比啲正確啲嘅睇法佢哋，不過後來我同啲團友傾偈，先至發覺原來佢哋對信仰的睇法好本色化㗎，佢哋叫上帝做FRIEND嘅，重覺得上帝時時同佢哋一齊，乜事都祈禱嘅。

不过其实我都唔系唔想搅嘢嘅，早排重谂住搅个中级团，想话比啲正确啲嘅睇法佢哋，不过后来我同啲团友倾偈，先至发觉原来佢哋对信仰的睇法好本色化㗎，佢哋叫上帝做FRIEND嘅，重觉得上帝时时同佢哋一齐，乜事都祈祷嘅。

(Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Pinghua, Malaysian and Singapore Hokkien, Zhongshan Min) to chat; to discuss; to talk


後生仔

后生仔
後生欸
後生兒
後生囝

/hɐu̯²² saːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/heu̯⁵⁵ saŋ²⁴ e³¹/

/heu³³ saŋ⁵³ ə⁵⁵/

/heu⁵³ saŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋe³¹/

/hau³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³⁻²³ kĩã⁵²/

/hɐu̯²² saːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/heu̯⁵⁵ saŋ²⁴ e³¹/

/heu³³ saŋ⁵³ ə⁵⁵/

/heu⁵³ saŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋe³¹/

/hau³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³⁻²³ kĩã⁵²/

† - young male; GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(Cantonese, Hakka, Northern Min, Eastern Min, Teochew, Datian Min, Zhongshan Min) young person (Classifier: 個／个)


靚仔

/li̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɛːŋ³³ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/liaŋ³³ tᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/liaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡saɪ³¹/

/li̯ɑŋ⁵¹ t͡saɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɛːŋ³³ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/liaŋ³³ tᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/liaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡saɪ³¹/

(chiefly Cantonese, Hakka) good-looking boy; handsome man (Classifier: 個／个)


細路

/sɐi̯³³ lou̯²²/

/sɐi̯³³ lou̯²²/

(Cantonese, Gan, Hakka) small road; path


交關

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/kau̯²⁴⁻¹¹ kon²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ kue²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ kʷaːn⁵⁵/

/kau̯²⁴⁻¹¹ kon²⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ kue²¹/

(literary, Southern Min, Hakka, Wu) to do business


對唔住

/tɵy̯³³ m̩²¹ t͡syː²²/

/ui³³ m̩²² t͡si³²/

/tuɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ m̩¹¹ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/tui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ m³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su³⁵/

/tɵy̯³³ m̩²¹ t͡syː²²/

/ui³³ m̩²² t͡si³²/

/tuɪ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ m̩¹¹ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/tui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ m³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡su³⁵/

My subordinates did not do a good job, so sorry.

ngo⁵ di¹ sau² haa⁶ baan⁶ si⁶ bat¹ lik⁶, hou² deoi³ m⁴ zyu⁶.

我啲手下辦事不力，好對唔住。

我啲手下办事不力，好对唔住。

2002 December 12, Alan Mak, Felix Chong, 無間道 [Infernal Affairs], spoken by 陳永仁 [Chen Wing Yan] (Tony Leung Chiu-wai), Media Asia Entertainment Group, Basic Pictures:

對唔住，我係差人！

对唔住，我系差人！

For example, if someone bumps into us, they say to us "sorry", and we reply "it's no matter"

bi² ru⁵ dan³, bag⁸ nang⁵ zuang⁶ diêh⁴, i¹ ga⁷ nang² dan³ dui³ m⁶ zu⁶, nang² ga⁷ i¹ dan³ a¹ bho⁵ siang¹ gang¹ bho⁵ siang¹ gang¹

比如呾，別儂撞著，伊共俺呾「對唔住」，俺共伊呾「啊無相干無相干」

比如呾，别侬撞著，伊共俺呾「对唔住」，俺共伊呾「啊无相干无相干」

(Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) sorry; excuse me


月娘

/ɡe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² niu²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ niũ²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ niu²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁵³⁻¹ niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)³⁵⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ niu²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)²³⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁵⁴⁻¹² niũ²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)³⁻²¹ niɔ̃²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻¹ niɔ̃²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ niɔ̃¹³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ niũ²³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁵⁻¹ niũ¹³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁵⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ niu²⁴/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² nie⁵⁵/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² nio⁵⁵/

/buɛ³³ niɔ²²/

/ɡe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² niu²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ niũ²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ niu²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁵³⁻¹ niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)³⁵⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ niu²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)²³⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁵⁴⁻¹² niũ²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)³⁻²¹ niɔ̃²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻¹ niɔ̃²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ niɔ̃¹³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ niũ²³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁵⁻¹ niũ¹³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁵⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ niu²⁴/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² nie⁵⁵/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² nio⁵⁵/

/buɛ³³ niɔ²²/

(Southern Min, Puxian Min, dialectal Hakka, colloquial) moon


𡳞

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 尸 + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-(l/n)ej ~ *m-li (“penis”) with a body-part suffix *-n; compare Tibetan མཇེ (mje, “penis”), S'gaw Karen လံၢ် (lee̱, “vagina”) and Burmese လီး (li:, “penis”) (Benedict, 1976).

inh

膦
卵
玍
僯
𨶙
撚
淋

(Cantonese, Hakka, Min, vulgar) male genitalia; penis; dick (Classifier: 條／条 c; 轆／辘 c)

(Cantonese, Hakka, vulgar) fucking; freaking; the hell; the fuck


無關係

/mo¹¹ ku̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ he⁵⁵/

/bo²⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴⁻²² he²²/

/bo¹³⁻²² kuan⁴⁴⁻²² he²²/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ he³³/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ he³³/

/bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kueŋ³³⁻²³ hi³⁵/

/mo¹¹ ku̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ he⁵⁵/

/bo²⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴⁻²² he²²/

/bo¹³⁻²² kuan⁴⁴⁻²² he²²/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ he³³/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ he³³/

/bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kueŋ³³⁻²³ hi³⁵/

(Hakka) no problem; it doesn't matter; never mind


好彩

/xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hou̯³⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³⁵/

/hau⁵⁵ tʰᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰoi²⁴/

/ho⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai⁴²/

/xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hou̯³⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³⁵/

/hau⁵⁵ tʰᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰoi²⁴/

/ho⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai⁴²/

You're (they're) lucky that nothing happened to you (them).

好彩冇事啫。

Fortunately, I fueled the car up yesterday.

好彩我昨天已經打油了。

好彩我昨天已经打油了。

(Cantonese, Hakka, Singapore Hokkien and Malaysian Mandarin) luckily; fortunately


好彩

/xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hou̯³⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³⁵/

/hau⁵⁵ tʰᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰoi²⁴/

/ho⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai⁴²/

/xɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hou̯³⁵ t͡sʰɔːi̯³⁵/

/hau⁵⁵ tʰᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/ho²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰoi²⁴/

/ho⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡sʰai⁴²/

(obsolete or Cantonese, Hakka and Singapore Hokkien) good luck; good fortune


阿哥

→ Indonesian: akeo

→ Indonesian: engkoh

/aː³³ kɔː⁵⁵/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/aː³³ kɔː⁵⁵/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

(chiefly Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Wu) elder brother


阿妹

/ˀä⁵⁵ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/aː³³ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/aː³³ muːi̯²²⁻⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mẽ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mãi⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mue²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ mue¹¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/aː³³ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/aː³³ muːi̯²²⁻⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mẽ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mãi⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mue²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ mue¹¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, dialectal Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min, Wu) younger sister


雪櫃

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/syːt̚³ kʷɐi̯²²/

/ɕiɛt̚¹ kʰuɪ⁵³/

/soʔ²⁻⁴ kũĩ¹¹/

/ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/syːt̚³ kʷɐi̯²²/

/ɕiɛt̚¹ kʰuɪ⁵³/

/soʔ²⁻⁴ kũĩ¹¹/

(chiefly Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) refrigerator; fridge


唔使

/m̩²¹ sɐi̯³⁵/

/m̩²¹ sɔi³⁵/

/m̩²² sᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/m̩¹¹ sz̩³¹/

/m̩²¹ sɐi̯³⁵/

/m̩²¹ sɔi³⁵/

/m̩²² sᵘɔi⁵⁵/

/m̩¹¹ sz̩³¹/

唔使錢／唔使钱 [Cantonese] ― m⁴ sai² cin⁴⁻² [Jyutping] ― free of charge (lit. doesn't need money)

You don't need to do so much to suck up to him/her.

nei⁵ m⁴ sai² zou⁶ gam³ do¹ je⁵ heoi³ caat³ keoi⁵ haai⁴ gaa³ waa¹.

你唔使做咁多嘢去擦佢鞋㗎喎。

你唔使做咁多嘢去擦佢鞋㗎㖞。


唔好

→ Macanese: nê-bôm (calque)

/m̩²¹ hou̯³⁵/

/m̩²¹ hou̯³⁵/

1957, 王力, “穗語舉例（三）·血的教訓（續）”, in 廣東話淺說, 1st edition, 文字改革出版社, page 102:

“I saw him come here and then disappear; we'll go in and look for a bit first. For now, don't everyone go in all at once.”

“ne⁴⁻², tai² sat⁶ keoi⁵ haang⁴ dou³ ni¹ syu³ zau⁶ m⁴ gin³ zo² laak³, ngo⁵ dei⁶ jap⁶ heoi³ wan² haa² sin¹. m⁴ hou² gam³ do¹ jan⁴ jap⁶ heoi³ zyu⁶.”

「呢，睇實佢行到呢處就唔見左嘞，我地入去搵吓先。唔好咁多人入去住。」

「呢，睇实佢行到呢处就唔见左嘞，我地入去揾吓先。唔好咁多人入去住。」


菜頭

→ Kavalan: saytaw

→ Paiwan: caitav

→ Puyuma: saytaw

desc

→ Thai: ไช้เท้า

→ Thai: ไช้เท้า

→ Khmer: ឆៃថាវ (chaythaaw)

/t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵ tʰeu̯¹¹/

/t͡sʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰai¹¹²⁻⁴² tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰau¹³/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰau²³/

/t͡sʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tʰau⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ tʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sʰoi̯⁵⁵ tʰeu̯¹¹/

/t͡sʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰai¹¹²⁻⁴² tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰau¹³/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁵³ tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰau²³/

/t͡sʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tʰau⁵⁵/

(chiefly Hakka, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Wu) daikon; Chinese radish


伶俐

/lɪŋ²¹ lei̯²²/

/ŋøŋ²¹ ŋɐi²¹⁻³⁵/

/l̃iŋ⁵³⁻²¹ l̃ɛi²⁴²/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² li²²/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ li³³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² li⁴¹/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² li²²/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li³³/

/liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ li³³/

/lɪŋ²¹ li³³/

/lɪŋ²¹ lei̯²²/

/ŋøŋ²¹ ŋɐi²¹⁻³⁵/

/l̃iŋ⁵³⁻²¹ l̃ɛi²⁴²/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² li²²/

/liɪŋ²³⁻³³ li³³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³/

/liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² li⁴¹/

/liɪŋ¹³⁻²² li²²/

/liɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li³³/

/liɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ li³³/

/lɪŋ²¹ li³³/

(dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, dialectal Gan, Northern Min, Central Min, Shaojiang Min, Hunan Tuhua) clean


鹹濕

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/ham⁴² ʃɐp̚²⁴/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/ham⁴² ʃɐp̚²⁴/

(Cantonese, Hakka, Pinghua) lecherous; lascivious


鹹濕佬

咸湿佬
鹹溼佬
咸濕佬
咸溼佬

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ laʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ laʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

(chiefly Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Pinghua, derogatory) lecherous man; pervert


開工

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/kʰoɪ⁴⁴ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰui³³⁻²³ kaŋ³³/

/kʰai³³⁻²³ kaŋ³³/

/kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːi̯⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ kuŋ²⁴/

/kʰoɪ⁴⁴ kʊŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰui⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kʰui³³⁻²³ kaŋ³³/

/kʰai³³⁻²³ kaŋ³³/

(Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) to start work; to go to work


涼水

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lœːŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/liaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/liaŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sui⁴¹/

/li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lœːŋ²¹ sɵy̯³⁵/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/liaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sui⁵³/

/liaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sui⁵³/

/liaŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sui⁴¹/


牛扒

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ pʰä³⁵/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ pʰaː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ᵑɡeu²² pʰa²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/ŋiu¹¹ pʰa¹¹/

/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ pʰä³⁵/

/ŋɐu̯²¹ pʰaː²¹⁻³⁵/

/ᵑɡeu²² pʰa²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/ŋiu¹¹ pʰa¹¹/

(chiefly Cantonese, Hakka) steak; beefsteak (slice of beef) (Classifier: 塊／块 c; 嚿 c; 件 c)