Austria

Austria (nominative singular)
Austrii (genitive singular)
Austrii (dative singular)
Austrię (accusative singular)
Austrią (instrumental singular)
Austrii (locative singular)
Austrio (singular vocative)


Bhutan

pl-prop

Bhutan m inan (related adjective bhutański)

bhutański (adjective)
Bhutan (nominative singular)
Bhutanu (genitive singular)
Bhutanowi (dative singular)
Bhutan (accusative singular)
Bhutanem (instrumental singular)
Bhutanie (locative singular)
Bhutanie (singular vocative)

Bhutan (a country in South Asia, in the Himalayas)


Chile

Chile n (indeclinable, related adjective chilijski)


Estonia

estoński (adjective)
Estonia (nominative singular)
Estonii (genitive singular)
Estonii (dative singular)
Estonię (accusative singular)
Estonią (instrumental singular)
Estonii (locative singular)
Estonio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Estonia.


Oman

omański (adjective)
Oman (nominative singular)
Omanu (genitive singular)
Omanowi (dative singular)
Oman (accusative singular)
Omanem (instrumental singular)
Omanie (locative singular)
Omanie (singular vocative)

Oman (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Laos

Laos (nominative singular)
Laosu (genitive singular)
Laosowi (dative singular)
Laos (accusative singular)
Laosem (instrumental singular)
Laosie (locative singular)
Laosie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French Laos, plural of Lao, from Lao ລາວ (lāo, “Lao”).


Zimbabwe

pl-proper noun

Zimbabwe n (indeclinable, related adjective zimbabwejski or zimbabweński)

zimbabwejski (adjective)
zimbabweński (adjective)

Orthographic borrowing from English Zimbabwe, from Shona dzimba-dze-mabwe (“house of stones”), in reference to Great Zimbabwe.


Sudan

pl-prop

Sudan m inan (related adjective sudański)

sudański (adjective)
Sudan (nominative singular)
Sudanu (genitive singular)
Sudanowi (dative singular)
Sudan (accusative singular)
Sudanem (instrumental singular)
Sudanie (locative singular)
Sudanie (singular vocative)

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


Peru

Peru n (indeclinable, related adjective peruwiański)


Armenia

Armenia (nominative singular)
Armenie (nominative plural)
Armenii (genitive singular)
Armenii (genitive plural)
Armenij (archaic genitive plural)
Armenii (dative singular)
Armeniom (dative plural)
Armenię (accusative singular)
Armenie (accusative plural)
Armenią (instrumental singular)
Armeniami (instrumental plural)
Armenii (locative singular)
Armeniach (locative plural)
Armenio (singular vocative)
Armenie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Armenia, from Ancient Greek Ἀρμενία (Armenía), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 (a-r-mi-i-n /Armina/).

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan (nominative singular)
Turkmenistanu (genitive singular)
Turkmenistanowi (dative singular)
Turkmenistan (accusative singular)
Turkmenistanem (instrumental singular)
Turkmenistanie (locative singular)
Turkmenistanie (singular vocative)

Turkmenistan (a country in Central Asia)


Guam

Guam (nominative singular)
Guamu (genitive singular)
Guamowi (dative singular)
Guam (accusative singular)
Guamem (instrumental singular)
Guamie (locative singular)
Guamie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Guam, from Chamorro Guåhan.

Guam (an island and overseas territory of the United States in Micronesia)


Palau

Palau n (indeclinable, related adjective palauski)

Borrowed from English Palau, from Palauan Belau (“Palau”).

Palau (A country consisting of around 340 islands in Micronesia, in Oceania)


Albania

albański (adjective)
Albania (nominative singular)
Albanii (genitive singular)
Albanii (dative singular)
Albanię (accusative singular)
Albanią (instrumental singular)
Albanii (locative singular)
Albanio (singular vocative)

Derived from Byzantine Greek Ἀλβανία (Albanía).

der+

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Malta

maltański (adjective)
Malta (nominative singular)
Malty (genitive singular)
Malcie (dative singular)
Maltę (accusative singular)
Maltą (instrumental singular)
Malcie (locative singular)
Malto (singular vocative)

Malta (an island country in Southern Europe)

Malta (The largest island in the Maltese Archipelago)


Macedonia

pl-prop

Macedonia f (related adjective macedoński)

macedoński (adjective)
Macedonia (nominative singular)
Macedonii (genitive singular)
Macedonii (dative singular)
Macedonię (accusative singular)
Macedonią (instrumental singular)
Macedonii (locative singular)
Macedonio (singular vocative)

Macedonia (a region in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia and Serbia)

Macedonia (an ancient kingdom in the Balkans in Southeast Europe)

administrative region
administrative region

Macedonia (an administrative region of Greece)

Macedonia (former name of North Macedonia, a country in the Balkans in Southeast Europe)


Quebec

Quebec (nominative singular)
Quebecu (genitive singular)
Quebecowi (dative singular)
Quebec (accusative singular)
Quebekiem (instrumental singular)
Quebecu (locative singular)
Quebecu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Quebec, from French Québec, from Algonquin kepék.

Quebec, Quebec City (the capital city of the province of Quebec, Canada)


Korea

Korea (nominative singular)
Koree (nominative plural)
Korei (genitive singular)
Korei (genitive plural)
Korei (dative singular)
Koreom (dative plural)
Koreę (accusative singular)
Koree (accusative plural)
Koreą (instrumental singular)
Koreami (instrumental plural)
Korei (locative singular)
Koreach (locative plural)
Koreo (singular vocative)
Koree (plural vocative)

(informal) Korea (two countries in East Asia, North Korea and South Korea)


São Paulo

Unadapted borrowing from Portuguese São Paulo, named after Christian apostle Saint Paul.

named-after

Southeast Region
Southeast Region#English

São Paulo (a state of the Southeast Region, Brazil)


Sydney

Unadapted borrowing from English Sydney.

Sydney (a major port city, the state capital of New South Wales, Australia)


Amsterdam

pl-prop

Amsterdam m inan (related adjective amsterdamski)

amsterdamski (adjective)
Amsterdam (nominative singular)
Amsterdamu (genitive singular)
Amsterdamowi (dative singular)
Amsterdam (accusative singular)
Amsterdamem (instrumental singular)
Amsterdamie (locative singular)
Amsterdamie (singular vocative)

Amsterdam (a municipality of North Holland, Netherlands)


Ankara

Ankara (nominative singular)
Ankary (genitive singular)
Ankarze (dative singular)
Ankarę (accusative singular)
Ankarą (instrumental singular)
Ankarze (locative singular)
Ankaro (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Turkish Ankara, from Ottoman Turkish آنقره (Ankara), from Ancient Greek Ἄγκυρα (Ánkura), from ἄγκυρα (ánkura).


Honolulu

Honolulu (a city, the state capital of Hawaii, United States)


La Paz

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish La Paz.

La Paz (the capital and largest city of Bolivia)


Johannesburg

Johannesburg m inan (related adjective johannesburski)

johannesburski (adjective)
Johannesburg (nominative singular)
Johannesburga (genitive singular)
Johannesburgowi (dative singular)
Johannesburg (accusative singular)
Johannesburgiem (instrumental singular)
Johannesburgu (locative singular)
Johannesburgu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Afrikaans Johannesburg.


Surinam

pl-prop

Surinam m inan (related adjective surinamski)

surinamski (adjective)
Surinam (nominative singular)
Surinamu (genitive singular)
Surinamowi (dative singular)
Surinam (accusative singular)
Surinamem (instrumental singular)
Surinamie (locative singular)
Surinamie (singular vocative)


Kabul

Kabul (nominative singular)
Kabulu (genitive singular)
Kabulowi (dative singular)
Kabul (accusative singular)
Kabulem (instrumental singular)
Kabulu (locative singular)
Kabulu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian کابل (kābul).


Helsinki

pl-prop

Helsinki nvir pl (related adjective helsiński)

helsiński (adjective)
Helsinki (nominative plural)
Helsinek (genitive plural)
Helsinkom (dative plural)
Helsinki (accusative plural)
Helsinkami (instrumental plural)
Helsinkach (locative plural)
Helsinki (plural vocative)

Helsinki (the capital and largest city of Finland)

Helsinki (the capital and largest city of Uusimaa, Finland)


Los Angeles

Unadapted borrowing from English Los Angeles.

ubor

Los Angeles (a city in California, United States)


Hanoi

Borrowed from Vietnamese Hà Nội, from Chinese 河內／河内 (Hénèi).


Bangkok

Bangkok (nominative singular)
Bangkoku (genitive singular)
Bangkokowi (dative singular)
Bangkok (accusative singular)
Bangkokiem (instrumental singular)
Bangkoku (locative singular)
Bangkoku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Thai บางกอก (baang-gɔ̀ɔk).

Bangkok (the capital and largest city of Thailand)


Oslo

pl-prop

Oslo n (indeclinable, related adjective oslowski)

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital and largest city of Norway)


Liverpool

Liverpool m inan (related adjective liverpoolski)

liverpoolski (adjective)
Liverpool (nominative singular)
Liverpoolu (genitive singular)
Liverpoolowi (dative singular)
Liverpool (accusative singular)
Liverpoolem (instrumental singular)
Liverpoolu (locative singular)
Liverpoolu (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Liverpool.

ubor

Liverpool (a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia)

Liverpool (a village in Fulton County, Illinois, United States)

Liverpool (a village in Onondaga County, New York, United States)

Liverpool (a borough of Perry County, Pennsylvania, United States)

Liverpool (a small city in Brazoria County, Texas, United States)


Manila

manilski (adjective)
Manila (nominative singular)
Manili (genitive singular)
Manili (dative singular)
Manilę (accusative singular)
Manilą (instrumental singular)
Manili (locative singular)
Manilo (singular vocative)

Manila (the capital city of the Philippines)


Hamburg

hamburski (adjective)
Hamburg (nominative singular)
Hamburga (genitive singular)
Hamburgowi (dative singular)
Hamburg (accusative singular)
Hamburgiem (instrumental singular)
Hamburgu (locative singular)
Hamburgu (singular vocative)

Badenia-Wirtembergia · Bawaria · Brandenburgia · Hesja · Dolna Saksonia · Meklemburgia-Pomorze Przednie · Nadrenia Północna-Westfalia · Nadrenia-Palatynat · Saara · Saksonia · Saksonia-Anhalt · Szlezwik-Holsztyn · Turyngia


Oxford

Oxford (nominative singular)
Oxfordu (genitive singular)
Oxfordowi (dative singular)
Oxford (accusative singular)
Oxfordem (instrumental singular)
Oxfordzie (locative singular)
Oxfordzie (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Oxford, from Middle English Oxenford, Oxneford, from Old English Oxnaford.

Oxford (a number of other places in the United States)


Brescia

pl-prop

Brescia f (related adjective bresciański)

bresciański (adjective)
Brescia (nominative singular)
Brescii (genitive singular)
Brescii (dative singular)
Brescię (accusative singular)
Brescią (instrumental singular)
Brescii (locative singular)
Brescio (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Italian Brescia.

ubor

Brescia (the capital and largest city of Brescia province, Lombardy, Italy)


Hainaut

Unadapted borrowing from French Hainaut.


Espoo

Espoo (a city and municipality of Uusimaa, Finland)


Tampere

Unadapted borrowing from Finnish Tampere.


Oulu

North Ostrobothnia
North Ostrobothnia#English

Oulu (the capital city and municipality of North Ostrobothnia, Finland)


Turku

Unadapted borrowing from Finnish Turku. Doublet of targ.

Southwest Finland
Southwest Finland#English

Turku (a city in Southwest Finland, Finland)


Heraklion

Heraklion (nominative singular)
Heraklionu (genitive singular)
Heraklionowi (dative singular)
Heraklion (accusative singular)
Heraklionem (instrumental singular)
Heraklionie (locative singular)
Heraklionie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Greek Ηράκλειο (Irákleio). Doublet of Heraklejon and Iraklion.

Iraklion (the capital and largest city of Crete, Greece)


Iraklion

Iraklion (nominative singular)
Iraklionu (genitive singular)
Iraklionowi (dative singular)
Iraklion (accusative singular)
Iraklionem (instrumental singular)
Iraklionie (locative singular)
Iraklionie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Greek Ηράκλειο (Irákleio). Doublet of Heraklejon and Heraklion.

Iraklion (a regional unit of Crete, Greece)


Reykjavik

pl-prop

Reykjavik m inan (related adjective reykjavicki)

reykjavicki (adjective)
Reykjavik (nominative singular)
Reykjaviku (genitive singular)
Reykjavikowi (dative singular)
Reykjavik (accusative singular)
Reykjavikiem (instrumental singular)
Reykjaviku (locative singular)
Reykjaviku (singular vocative)

(dated) Reykjavík (the capital and largest city of Iceland)


Sofia

Sofia (nominative singular)
Sofii (genitive singular)
Sofii (dative singular)
Sofię (accusative singular)
Sofią (instrumental singular)
Sofii (locative singular)
Sofio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Bulgarian Со́фия (Sófija).


Reykjavík

Reykjavík m inan (related adjective reykjavícki)

reykjavícki (adjective)
Reykjavík (nominative singular)
Reykjavíku (genitive singular)
Reykjavíkowi (dative singular)
Reykjavík (accusative singular)
Reykjavíkiem (instrumental singular)
Reykjavíku (locative singular)
Reykjavíku (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Icelandic Reykjavík.


Skopje

Borrowed from Macedonian Скопје (Skopje).

bor+

Skopje (the capital city of North Macedonia)


Utrecht

Utrecht (nominative singular)
Utrechtu (genitive singular)
Utrechtowi (dative singular)
Utrecht (accusative singular)
Utrechtem (instrumental singular)
Utrechcie (locative singular)
Utrechcie (singular vocative)


Egipt

pl-proper noun

Egipt m inan (related adjective egipski)

egipski (adjective)
Egipt (nominative singular)
Egipty (nominative plural)
Egiptu (genitive singular)
Egiptów (genitive plural)
Egiptowi (dative singular)
Egiptom (dative plural)
Egipt (accusative singular)
Egipty (accusative plural)
Egiptem (instrumental singular)
Egiptami (instrumental plural)
Egipcie (locative singular)
Egiptach (locative plural)
Egipcie (singular vocative)
Egipty (plural vocative)

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Leningrad

Leningrad (nominative singular)
Leningradu (genitive singular)
Leningradowi (dative singular)
Leningrad (accusative singular)
Leningradem (instrumental singular)
Leningradzie (locative singular)
Leningradzie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Ленингра́д (Leningrád), from Ле́нин (Lénin, “Lenin”) + град (grad, “city”).

bor+

(historical) Leningrad (a major city in Russia), now Saint Petersburg


Strasburg

Strasburg (nominative singular)
Strasburga (genitive singular)
Strasburgowi (dative singular)
Strasburg (accusative singular)
Strasburgiem (instrumental singular)
Strasburgu (locative singular)
Strasburgu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French Strasbourg, from Middle High German Strāzburc.

Strasbourg (the capital city of the Bas-Rhin department, France; capital city of the region of Grand Est)


Afar

Afar (nominative singular)
Afarzy (nominative plural)
Afary (derogatory nominative plural)
Afara (genitive singular)
Afarów (genitive plural)
Afarowi (dative singular)
Afarom (dative plural)
Afara (accusative singular)
Afarów (accusative plural)
Afarem (instrumental singular)
Afarami (instrumental plural)
Afarze (locative singular)
Afarach (locative plural)
Afarze (singular vocative)
Afarzy (plural vocative)


Afar

Afar (nominative singular)
Afaru (genitive singular)
Afarowi (dative singular)
Afar (accusative singular)
Afarem (instrumental singular)
Afarze (locative singular)
Afarze (singular vocative)


Belgia

Belgia (nominative singular)
Belgie (nominative plural)
Belgii (genitive singular)
Belgii (genitive plural)
Belgii (dative singular)
Belgiom (dative plural)
Belgię (accusative singular)
Belgie (accusative plural)
Belgią (instrumental singular)
Belgiami (instrumental plural)
Belgii (locative singular)
Belgiach (locative plural)
Belgio (singular vocative)
Belgie (plural vocative)

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Anglia

Anglia (nominative singular)
Anglii (genitive singular)
Anglii (dative singular)
Anglię (accusative singular)
Anglią (instrumental singular)
Anglii (locative singular)
Anglio (singular vocative)

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom in Europe)


Bloemfontein

Unadapted borrowing from Afrikaans Bloemfontein.

ubor

Bloemfontein (a city, the judicial capital of South Africa)


Jura

Jura (nominative singular)
Jury (genitive singular)
Jurze (dative singular)
Jurę (accusative singular)
Jurą (instrumental singular)
Jurze (locative singular)
Juro (singular vocative)

Jura (an island in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland)


Odessa

odeski (adjective)
Odessa (nominative singular)
Odessy (genitive singular)
Odessie (dative singular)
Odessę (accusative singular)
Odessą (instrumental singular)
Odessie (locative singular)
Odesso (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Оде́сса (Odéssa), named after an Ancient Greek settlement thought to have been located nearby, from Ancient Greek Ὀδησσός (Odēssós).

Odessa (a city, the administrative center of Odessa Oblast, Ukraine)


Mount Everest

Mount Everest (nominative singular)
Mount Everestu (genitive singular)
Mount Everestowi (dative singular)
Mount Everest (accusative singular)
Mount Everestem (instrumental singular)
Mount Evereście (locative singular)
Mount Evereście (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Mount Everest.

Mount Everest (a mountain in Himalayas, the world's highest mountain)


Eufrat

Eufrat (nominative singular)
Eufratu (genitive singular)
Eufratowi (dative singular)
Eufrat (accusative singular)
Eufratem (instrumental singular)
Eufracie (locative singular)
Eufracie (singular vocative)


Tbilisi

Borrowed from Russian Тбили́си (Tbilísi), from Georgian თბილისი (tbilisi).


Lombardia

pl-prop

Lombardia f (related adjective lombardzki)

lombardzki (adjective)
Lombardia (nominative singular)
Lombardii (genitive singular)
Lombardii (dative singular)
Lombardię (accusative singular)
Lombardią (instrumental singular)
Lombardii (locative singular)
Lombardio (singular vocative)

Lombardy (an administrative region in northern Italy, where its capital and the largest city Milan is founded in the Po Valley)


Andy

Andy nvir pl (related adjective andyjski)

andyjski (adjective)
Andy (nominative plural)
Andów (genitive plural)
Andom (dative plural)
Andy (accusative plural)
Andami (instrumental plural)
Andach (locative plural)
Andy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Andes and Spanish Andes.

Andes (a mountain range in South America)


Babel

Learned borrowing from Latin Babel. Doublet of Babilon and Babilonia.

(heraldry, historical) Polish coat of arms of the nobility granted in the Austrian Partition


Bristol

Bristol m inan (related adjective bristolski)

bristolski (adjective)
Bristol (nominative singular)
Bristolu (genitive singular)
Bristolowi (dative singular)
Bristol (accusative singular)
Bristolem (instrumental singular)
Bristolu (locative singular)
Bristolu (singular vocative)

Bristol (a city, county, and unitary authority in southwest England)


Kijów

Kijów m inan (related adjective kijowski, demonym kijowianin, female demonym kijowianka)

kijowski (adjective)
kijowianin (demonym)
kijowianka (demonym feminine)
Kijów (nominative singular)
Kijowy (nominative plural)
Kijowa (genitive singular)
Kijowów (genitive plural)
Kijowowi (dative singular)
Kijowu (dative singular)
Kijowom (dative plural)
Kijów (accusative singular)
Kijowy (accusative plural)
Kijowem (instrumental singular)
Kijowami (instrumental plural)
Kijowie (locative singular)
Kijowach (locative plural)
Kijowie (singular vocative)
Kijowy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Old East Slavic Кꙑевъ (Kyjevŭ).

bor+

Kyiv, Kiev (the capital and largest city of Ukraine)


Gibraltar

pl-prop

Gibraltar m inan (related adjective gibraltarski)

gibraltarski (adjective)
Gibraltar (nominative singular)
Gibraltaru (genitive singular)
Gibraltarowi (dative singular)
Gibraltar (accusative singular)
Gibraltarem (instrumental singular)
Gibraltarze (locative singular)
Gibraltarze (singular vocative)

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)

Gibraltar (a strait connecting the Mediterranean to the Atlantic between Gibraltar and Morocco)


Kansas

Borrowed from English Kansas, from a Siouan ethnonym cognate to Kansa.


Albion

Albion (nominative singular)
Albionu (genitive singular)
Albionowi (dative singular)
Albion (accusative singular)
Albionem (instrumental singular)
Albionie (locative singular)
Albionie (singular vocative)

mglisty Albion

(poetic) Albion (England (or sometimes the British Isles))


Sejm

sejmowy (adjective)
Sejm (nominative singular)
Sejmu (genitive singular)
Sejmowi (dative singular)
Sejm (accusative singular)
Sejmem (instrumental singular)
Sejmie (locative singular)
Sejmie (singular vocative)

(government, historical, pre-1946) the whole Polish parliament, including both houses


Anatolia

Anatolia (nominative singular)
Anatolii (genitive singular)
Anatolii (dative singular)
Anatolię (accusative singular)
Anatolią (instrumental singular)
Anatolii (locative singular)
Anatolio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Anatolia, from Ancient Greek ἀνατολή (anatolḗ, “sunrise, place from where the sun rises, the east”), from ἀνατέλλω (anatéllō, “I rise”), from ἀνά (aná, “up”) + τέλλω (téllō, “I perform, accomplish, rise”), because Anatolia was east of Greece.


Brno

brneński (adjective)
Brno (nominative singular)
Brna (genitive singular)
Brnu (dative singular)
Brno (accusative singular)
Brnem (instrumental singular)
Brnie (locative singular)
Brno (singular vocative)

South Moravian Region
South Moravian Region#English

Brno (the capital and largest city of the South Moravian Region, Czech Republic)


Sahara

Sahara (nominative singular)
Sahary (genitive singular)
Saharze (dative singular)
Saharę (accusative singular)
Saharą (instrumental singular)
Saharze (locative singular)
Saharo (singular vocative)


Germania

Germania (nominative singular)
Germanii (genitive singular)
Germanii (dative singular)
Germanię (accusative singular)
Germanią (instrumental singular)
Germanii (locative singular)
Germanio (singular vocative)

(historical) Germania (an ancient region in Central Europe, roughly corresponding to modern Germany)


Knossos

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Κνωσός (Knōsós).

lbor

Knossos (an ancient city and archaeological site in the island of Crete, in modern Greece)


Akra

Akra (nominative singular)
Akry (genitive singular)
Akrze (dative singular)
Akrę (accusative singular)
Akrą (instrumental singular)
Akrze (locative singular)
Akro (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Accra.


Serbia

Serbia (nominative singular)
Serbii (genitive singular)
Serbii (dative singular)
Serbię (accusative singular)
Serbią (instrumental singular)
Serbii (locative singular)
Serbio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Србија (Srbija).

bor+

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Don

Don (nominative singular)
Donu (genitive singular)
Donowi (dative singular)
Don (accusative singular)
Donem (instrumental singular)
Donie (locative singular)
Donie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Дон (Don), from Old East Slavic Донъ (Donŭ).

Don (a river, the fifth-longest in Europe, in Tula, Lipetsk, Voronezh, Volgograd and Rostov Oblasts, Russia)


Macao

Unadapted borrowing from Portuguese Macao, from Chinese 阿媽港／阿妈港, from 阿媽／阿妈 + 港.

der

Chinese 阿媽港／阿妈港


Pad

Pad (nominative singular)
Padu (genitive singular)
Padowi (dative singular)
Pad (accusative singular)
Padem (instrumental singular)
Padzie (locative singular)
Padzie (singular vocative)


Liège

Liège (a city, the provincial capital of Liège, Wallonia, Belgium)


Lier

Unadapted borrowing from Norwegian Lier.

Lier (a municipality of Buskerud county, Norway)


Ob

Ob (nominative singular)
Obu (genitive singular)
Obowi (dative singular)
Ob (accusative singular)
Obem (instrumental singular)
Obie (locative singular)
Obie (singular vocative)

Ob (a town in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia)


Reunion

Reunion (nominative singular)
Reunionu (genitive singular)
Reunionowi (dative singular)
Reunion (accusative singular)
Reunionem (instrumental singular)
Reunionie (locative singular)
Reunionie (singular vocative)

Réunion (an island, overseas department, and administrative region of France, located in the Indian Ocean to the west of Mauritius and to the east of Madagascar)


Nilu (genitive singular)
Nilowi (dative singular)
Nilem (instrumental singular)
Nilu (locative singular)
Nilu (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Nilus, from Ancient Greek Νεῖλος (Neîlos).

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Nile (a major river flowing through Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi; one of the two longest rivers in the world, along with the Amazon)


Ren

Ren (nominative singular)
Renu (genitive singular)
Renowi (dative singular)
Ren (accusative singular)
Renem (instrumental singular)
Renie (locative singular)
Renie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Rhein, from Middle High German, from Proto-Germanic *Rīnaz, from Gaulish Rēnos, from a Pre-Celtic or Proto-Celtic *Reinos; one of a class of river names built from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to move, flow, run”).

Rhine (a river in Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, France, Germany, and the Netherlands)


Monako

pl-proper noun

Monako n (indeclinable, related adjective monakijski)

Borrowed from French Monaco, from Ancient Greek μόνοικος (mónoikos, “single house”), from μόνος (mónos, “single, alone”) + οἶκος (oîkos, “house”), the name of the 6th century BC colony of Phocaeans and an epithet of Heracles (Hercules), Ἡρακλῆς Μόνοικος (Heracles Monoikos).


Spa

Spa (a municipality, a town in Liège, Wallonia, Belgium)


Split

pl-prop

Split m inan (related adjective splicki)

splicki (adjective)
Split (nominative singular)
Splitu (genitive singular)
Splitowi (dative singular)
Split (accusative singular)
Splitem (instrumental singular)
Splicie (locative singular)
Splicie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Спли̏т／Splȉt.

bor+

Спли̏т//Splȉt


Tag

Tag (nominative singular)
Tagu (genitive singular)
Tagowi (dative singular)
Tag (accusative singular)
Tagiem (instrumental singular)
Tagu (locative singular)
Tagu (singular vocative)


Stare

Stare (nominative singular)
Starego (genitive singular)
Staremu (dative singular)
Stare (accusative singular)
Starym (instrumental singular)
Starym (locative singular)
Stare (singular vocative)

→ English: Stare

From stary (“old”) + -e. Compare Ukrainian Старе́ (Staré) and Russian Ста́рое (Stároje).

Greater Poland Voivodeship
Greater Poland Voivodeship#English

(nominalized) Stare (a village in the Gmina of Rogoźno, Oborniki County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland)

(nominalized) Stare (a village in the Gmina of Wysoka, Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland)

(nominalized) Stare (a hamlet in the Gmina of Kaźmierz, Szamotuły County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland)

(nominalized) Stare (a rural settlement in Kadiivka urban hromada, Alchevsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine, founded in 1930, controlled by the Luhansk People’s Republic since 2014)


Porto

Porto (a city and municipality, the district capital of Porto district, Portugal)


Tallinn

pl-prop

Tallinn m inan (related adjective talliński)

talliński (adjective)
Tallinn (nominative singular)
Tallinna (genitive singular)
Tallinnowi (dative singular)
Tallinn (accusative singular)
Tallinnem (instrumental singular)
Tallinnie (locative singular)
Tallinnie (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Estonian Tallinn.

ubor

Tallinn (the capital and largest city of Estonia)


Reich

Reich (nominative singular)
Reichy (nominative plural)
Reichu (genitive singular)
Reichów (genitive plural)
Reichowi (dative singular)
Reichom (dative plural)
Reich (accusative singular)
Reichy (accusative plural)
Reichem (instrumental singular)
Reichami (instrumental plural)
Reichu (locative singular)
Reichach (locative plural)
Reichu (singular vocative)
Reichy (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from German Reich. Doublet of rzesza.

(colloquial) Germany (a country in Central Europe)


San

San (nominative singular)
Sana (genitive singular)
Sanowi (dative singular)
Sana (accusative singular)
Sanem (instrumental singular)
Sanie (locative singular)
Sanie (singular vocative)


York

York (nominative singular)
Yorku (genitive singular)
Yorkowi (dative singular)
York (accusative singular)
Yorkiem (instrumental singular)
Yorku (locative singular)
Yorku (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English York. Doublet of Évora.

York (a city and unitary authority in North Yorkshire, England)


Hongkong

Hongkong (nominative singular)
Hongkongu (genitive singular)
Hongkongowi (dative singular)
Hongkong (accusative singular)
Hongkongiem (instrumental singular)
Hongkongu (locative singular)
Hongkongu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Hong Kong, from Cantonese 香港 (hoeng1 gong2).

Hong Kong (a city, island, and special administrative region in southeastern China)


Islandia

Islandia (nominative singular)
Islandii (genitive singular)
Islandii (dative singular)
Islandię (accusative singular)
Islandią (instrumental singular)
Islandii (locative singular)
Islandio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Icelandic Ísland, from Old Norse Ísland, from íss (“ice”) + land (“land, country”).


Ural

Ural (nominative singular)
Uralu (genitive singular)
Uralowi (dative singular)
Ural (accusative singular)
Uralem (instrumental singular)
Uralu (locative singular)
Uralu (singular vocative)


Andora

Andora (nominative singular)
Andory (genitive singular)
Andorze (dative singular)
Andorę (accusative singular)
Andorą (instrumental singular)
Andorze (locative singular)
Andoro (singular vocative)

Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella#English

Andorra la Vella (the capital city of Andorra)


Bagdad

Bagdad (nominative singular)
Bagdadu (genitive singular)
Bagdadowi (dative singular)
Bagdad (accusative singular)
Bagdadem (instrumental singular)
Bagdadzie (locative singular)
Bagdadzie (singular vocative)

Bagdad (a village in the Gmina of Wyrzysk, Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland)


Bohemia

Bohemia (nominative singular)
Bohemii (genitive singular)
Bohemii (dative singular)
Bohemię (accusative singular)
Bohemią (instrumental singular)
Bohemii (locative singular)
Bohemio (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Bohemia, ultimately from Late Latin Boiohaemum. By surface analysis, bohema + -ia.

(literary) Bohemia (a region in Czech Republic)


Japonia

Japonia (nominative singular)
Japonie (nominative plural)
Japonii (genitive singular)
Japonii (genitive plural)
Japonii (dative singular)
Japoniom (dative plural)
Japonię (accusative singular)
Japonie (accusative plural)
Japonią (instrumental singular)
Japoniami (instrumental plural)
Japonii (locative singular)
Japoniach (locative plural)
Japonio (singular vocative)
Japonie (plural vocative)


Wiedeń

Wiedeń (nominative singular)
Wiednia (genitive singular)
Wiedniowi (dative singular)
Wiedeń (accusative singular)
Wiedniem (instrumental singular)
Wiedniu (locative singular)
Wiedniu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Czech Vídeň, from German Wien.

Moja koleżanka Madlen jest Austriaczką i pochodzi z Wiednia.

My colleague Madlen is Austrian and comes from Vienna.


Moskwa

Moskwa (nominative singular)
Moskwy (genitive singular)
Moskwie (dative singular)
Moskwę (accusative singular)
Moskwą (instrumental singular)
Moskwie (locative singular)
Moskwo (singular vocative)

Moskwa swoję fortecę w kącie lasu właśnie ufortyfikowali, ze dwu stron las mając, a z trzeciéj błoto…

Russians just fortified their fortress at the forest's angle, so that they had forest on two sides and swamps on the third…

(collective, dated, metonymically) Russians


Białoruś

Białoruś (nominative singular)
Białorusi (genitive singular)
Białorusi (dative singular)
Białoruś (accusative singular)
Białorusią (instrumental singular)
Białorusi (locative singular)
Białorusi (singular vocative)


Francja

Francja (nominative singular)
Francji (genitive singular)
Francji (dative singular)
Francję (accusative singular)
Francją (instrumental singular)
Francji (locative singular)
Francjo (singular vocative)

→ Belarusian: Фра́нцыя (Fráncyja)

desctree

→ Russian: Фра́нция (Fráncija), Фра́нція (Fráncija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Bashkir: Франция (Frantsiya)
→ Bulgarian: Франция (Francija)
→ Ingrian: Frantsia
→ Kazakh: Франция (Fransiä)
→ Kyrgyz: Франция (Frantsiya)
→ Macedonian: Франција (Francija)
⇒ Mongolian: Франц (Franc), франц (franc)
→ Slovene: Francija
→ Tatar: Франция (Frantsiyä)
→ Turkmen: Fransiýa
→ Uyghur: فرانسىيە (fransiye)
→ Uzbek: Fransiya

→ Ukrainian: Фра́нція (Fráncija)

Borrowed from French France, from Middle French France, from Old French France, from Late Latin Francia, from Latin Francī, plural of Francus, from Frankish *frankō, from Proto-Germanic *frankô, from Proto-Indo-European *preng-. Doublet of franca and Francuz.


Słowacja

Słowacja (nominative singular)
Słowacji (genitive singular)
Słowacji (dative singular)
Słowację (accusative singular)
Słowacją (instrumental singular)
Słowacji (locative singular)
Słowacjo (singular vocative)


Włochy

pl-prop

Włochy nvir pl (related adjective włoski)

włoski (adjective)
Włochy (nominative plural)
Włoch (genitive plural)
Włochom (dative plural)
Włochy (accusative plural)
Włochami (instrumental plural)
Włoszech (locative plural)
Włochy (plural vocative)

Mieszkam we Włoszech.


Czechy

Czechy (nominative plural)
Czech (genitive plural)
Czechom (dative plural)
Czechy (accusative plural)
Czechami (instrumental plural)
Czechach (locative plural)
Czechy (plural vocative)


Niemcy

Niemcy nvir pl (related adjective niemiecki)

niemiecki (adjective)
Niemcy (nominative plural)
Niemiec (genitive plural)
Niemcom (dative plural)
Niemcy (accusative plural)
Niemcami (instrumental plural)
Niemczech (locative plural)
Niemcy (plural vocative)


Węgry

Węgry (nominative plural)
Węgier (genitive plural)
Węgrom (dative plural)
Węgry (accusative plural)
Węgrami (instrumental plural)
Węgrzech (locative plural)
Węgry (plural vocative)

→ Lithuanian: vengras

→ Middle Russian: Ве́нгры (Véngry)

Mieszkam na Węgrzech.


Kolumbia

Kolumbia f (related adjective kolumbijski)

kolumbijski (adjective)
Kolumbia (nominative singular)
Kolumbii (genitive singular)
Kolumbii (dative singular)
Kolumbię (accusative singular)
Kolumbią (instrumental singular)
Kolumbii (locative singular)
Kolumbio (singular vocative)


Litwa

litewski (adjective)
Litwa (nominative singular)
Litwy (genitive singular)
Litwie (dative singular)
Litwę (accusative singular)
Litwą (instrumental singular)
Litwie (locative singular)
Litwo (singular vocative)

Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Lithuania

(colloquial, historical) Grand Duchy of Lithuania (former European state from the 13th century until 1795, encompassing the territory of modern-day Lithuania and Belarus, a large part of Ukraine, and small parts of Russia and Poland)


Seul

Seul (nominative singular)
Seulu (genitive singular)
Seulowi (dative singular)
Seul (accusative singular)
Seulem (instrumental singular)
Seulu (locative singular)
Seulu (singular vocative)


Bogota

Bogota (nominative singular)
Bogoty (genitive singular)
Bogocie (dative singular)
Bogotę (accusative singular)
Bogotą (instrumental singular)
Bogocie (locative singular)
Bogoto (singular vocative)


Hiroshima

Hiroshima f (related adjective hiroshimski)

hiroshimski (adjective)
Hiroshima (nominative singular)
Hiroshimy (genitive singular)
Hiroshimie (dative singular)
Hiroshimę (accusative singular)
Hiroshimą (instrumental singular)
Hiroshimie (locative singular)
Hiroshimo (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Hiroshima.


Bombaj

pl-prop

Bombaj m inan (related adjective bombajski)

bombajski (adjective)
Bombaj (nominative singular)
Bombaju (genitive singular)
Bombajowi (dative singular)
Bombaj (accusative singular)
Bombajem (instrumental singular)
Bombaju (locative singular)
Bombaju (singular vocative)

Mumbai (a city, the capital and largest city of Maharashtra, India)


Tokio

Tokio n (indeclinable, related adjective tokijski)

Tokyo (the capital and largest city of Japan)

Tokyo (the capital and largest city of Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


Paryż

Paryż m inan (related adjective paryski)

paryski (adjective)
Paryż (nominative singular)
Paryża (genitive singular)
Paryżowi (dative singular)
Paryż (accusative singular)
Paryżem (instrumental singular)
Paryżu (locative singular)
Paryżu (singular vocative)

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


Singapur

Singapur (nominative singular)
Singapuru (genitive singular)
Singapurowi (dative singular)
Singapur (accusative singular)
Singapurem (instrumental singular)
Singapurze (locative singular)
Singapurze (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Singapore, from Malay Singapura, from Sanskrit सिंहपुर (siṃhá-pura), from सिंह (siṃha, “lion”) + पुर (pura, “city”).

af

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


Maroko

marokański (adjective)
Maroko (nominative singular)
Maroka (genitive singular)
Maroku (dative singular)
Maroko (accusative singular)
Marokiem (instrumental singular)
Maroku (locative singular)
Maroko (singular vocative)


Katar

Katar (nominative singular)
Kataru (genitive singular)
Katarowi (dative singular)
Katar (accusative singular)
Katarem (instrumental singular)
Katarze (locative singular)
Katarze (singular vocative)

Qatar (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Borneo

Probably from Sanskrit वरुणद्वीप (varuṇa-dvīpa, “island of Varuna”).

der

Borneo (a large island in Southeast Asia, politically divided between Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei)


Liban

Liban (nominative singular)
Libanu (genitive singular)
Libanowi (dative singular)
Liban (accusative singular)
Libanem (instrumental singular)
Libanie (locative singular)
Libanie (singular vocative)

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Hindustan

Hindustan (nominative singular)
Hindustanu (genitive singular)
Hindustanowi (dative singular)
Hindustan (accusative singular)
Hindustanem (instrumental singular)
Hindustanie (locative singular)
Hindustanie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Persian هندوستان (hendustân).

bor+

Hindustan, an alternative name for India (a country in Asia)


Gaza

gazański (adjective)
Gaza (nominative singular)
Gazy (genitive singular)
Gazie (dative singular)
Gazę (accusative singular)
Gazą (instrumental singular)
Gazie (locative singular)
Gazo (singular vocative)


Tyr

Tyr (nominative singular)
Tyru (genitive singular)
Tyrowi (dative singular)
Tyr (accusative singular)
Tyrem (instrumental singular)
Tyrze (locative singular)
Tyrze (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Tyrus, from Ancient Greek Τύρος (Túros), from Phoenician 𐤑𐤓 (ṣr /Ṣur/, “rock”).

Tyre (an ancient city-state in Phoenicia)


Stany Zjednoczone

Stany Zjednoczone (nominative plural)
Stanów Zjednoczonych (genitive plural)
Stanom Zjednoczonym (dative plural)
Stany Zjednoczone (accusative plural)
Stanami Zjednoczonymi (instrumental plural)
Stanach Zjednoczonych (locative plural)
Stany Zjednoczone (plural vocative)

United States (a country in North America)


Karelia

Karelia (nominative singular)
Karelii (genitive singular)
Karelii (dative singular)
Karelię (accusative singular)
Karelią (instrumental singular)
Karelii (locative singular)
Karelio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Каре́лия (Karélija), from Medieval Latin Carēlia, from Swedish Karelen and Finnish Karjala.

Karelia (a republic of Russia; capital: Petrozavodsk)


Bordeaux

pl-prop

Bordeaux n (indeclinable, related adjective bordoski)

Unadapted borrowing from French Bordeaux.

ubor

Bordeaux (the capital and largest city of the Gironde department, France; capital and largest city of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine)


Port-au-Prince

Port-au-Prince (the capital city of Haiti)


Addis Abeba

Addis Abeba (nominative singular)
Addis Abeby (genitive singular)
Addis Abebie (dative singular)
Addis Abebę (accusative singular)
Addis Abebą (instrumental singular)
Addis Abebie (locative singular)
Addis Abebo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Amharic አዲስ አበባ (ʾädis ʾäbäba).

bor+

Addis Ababa (the capital city of Ethiopia)


Thimphu

Borrowed from Dzongkha ཐིམ་ཕུ (thim phu).


Santo Domingo

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Santo Domingo (the capital city of the Dominican Republic)


Baku

Borrowed from Russian Баку́ (Bakú), from Azerbaijani Bakı.


Île-de-France

Unadapted borrowing from French Île-de-France.

ubor

Île-de-France (an administrative region in north-central France, including Paris)

Île-de-France (a domestic sheep breed originally from the region)


Luanda

Luanda (nominative singular)
Luandy (genitive singular)
Luandzie (dative singular)
Luandę (accusative singular)
Luandą (instrumental singular)
Luandzie (locative singular)
Luando (singular vocative)


Brasília

Brasília (nominative singular)
Brasílii (genitive singular)
Brasílii (dative singular)
Brasílię (accusative singular)
Brasílią (instrumental singular)
Brasílii (locative singular)
Brasílio (singular vocative)

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; state capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)


Praia

Praia (nominative singular)
Prai (genitive singular)
Prai (dative singular)
Praię (accusative singular)
Praią (instrumental singular)
Prai (locative singular)
Praio (singular vocative)


Ganges

Ganges (nominative singular)
Gangesu (genitive singular)
Gangesowi (dative singular)
Ganges (accusative singular)
Gangesem (instrumental singular)
Gangesie (locative singular)
Gangesie (singular vocative)

Ganges (a river in Bangladesh and India)


Petersburg

Petersburg (nominative singular)
Petersburga (genitive singular)
Petersburgowi (dative singular)
Petersburg (accusative singular)
Petersburgiem (instrumental singular)
Petersburgu (locative singular)
Petersburgu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Петербу́рг (Peterbúrg).

bor+

Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg#English

Saint Petersburg (a federal city of Russia)


Kaliningrad

Kaliningrad (nominative singular)
Kaliningradu (genitive singular)
Kaliningradowi (dative singular)
Kaliningrad (accusative singular)
Kaliningradem (instrumental singular)
Kaliningradzie (locative singular)
Kaliningradzie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Калинингра́д (Kaliningrád).

Калинингра́д

Kaliningrad, Königsberg (a city, the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)


Judea

judejski (adjective)
Judea (nominative singular)
Judei (genitive singular)
Judei (dative singular)
Judeę (accusative singular)
Judeą (instrumental singular)
Judei (locative singular)
Judeo (singular vocative)

Judea (a historical region in Palestine)


Düsseldorf

pl-prop

Düsseldorf m inan (related adjective düsseldorfski)

düsseldorfski (adjective)
Düsseldorf (nominative singular)
Düsseldorfu (genitive singular)
Düsseldorfowi (dative singular)
Düsseldorf (accusative singular)
Düsseldorfem (instrumental singular)
Düsseldorfie (locative singular)
Düsseldorfie (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from German Düsseldorf.

ubor

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Düsseldorf (the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Szkocja

szkocki (adjective)
Szkocja (nominative singular)
Szkocji (genitive singular)
Szkocji (dative singular)
Szkocję (accusative singular)
Szkocją (instrumental singular)
Szkocji (locative singular)
Szkocjo (singular vocative)

Scotland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Wielka Brytania

Wielka Brytania (nominative singular)
Wielkiej Brytanii (genitive singular)
Wielkiej Brytanii (dative singular)
Wielką Brytanię (accusative singular)
Wielką Brytanią (instrumental singular)
Wielkiej Brytanii (locative singular)
Wielka Brytanio (singular vocative)

Great Britain (an island and country in Western Europe)


Hiszpania

pl-prop

Hiszpania f (related adjective hiszpański)

hiszpański (adjective)
Hiszpania (nominative singular)
Hiszpanii (genitive singular)
Hiszpanii (dative singular)
Hiszpanię (accusative singular)
Hiszpanią (instrumental singular)
Hiszpanii (locative singular)
Hiszpanio (singular vocative)

→ Ukrainian: Гишпа́нія (Hyšpánija)


Szwecja

Szwecja (nominative singular)
Szwecji (genitive singular)
Szwecji (dative singular)
Szwecję (accusative singular)
Szwecją (instrumental singular)
Szwecji (locative singular)
Szwecjo (singular vocative)


Grecja

Grecja (nominative singular)
Grecje (nominative plural)
Grecji (genitive singular)
Grecji (genitive plural)
Grecyj (archaic genitive plural)
Grecji (dative singular)
Grecjom (dative plural)
Grecję (accusative singular)
Grecje (accusative plural)
Grecją (instrumental singular)
Grecjami (instrumental plural)
Grecji (locative singular)
Grecjach (locative plural)
Grecjo (singular vocative)
Grecje (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Graecia, from Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós), of uncertain origin.


Irlandia

Irlandia (nominative singular)
Irlandie (nominative plural)
Irlandii (genitive singular)
Irlandii (genitive plural)
Irlandii (dative singular)
Irlandiom (dative plural)
Irlandię (accusative singular)
Irlandie (accusative plural)
Irlandią (instrumental singular)
Irlandiami (instrumental plural)
Irlandii (locative singular)
Irlandiach (locative plural)
Irlandio (singular vocative)
Irlandie (plural vocative)


Portugalia

Portugalia (nominative singular)
Portugalii (genitive singular)
Portugalii (dative singular)
Portugalię (accusative singular)
Portugalią (instrumental singular)
Portugalii (locative singular)
Portugalio (singular vocative)


Szwajcaria

Szwajcaria f (related adjective szwajcarski)

szwajcarski (adjective)
Szwajcaria (nominative singular)
Szwajcarii (genitive singular)
Szwajcarii (dative singular)
Szwajcarię (accusative singular)
Szwajcarią (instrumental singular)
Szwajcarii (locative singular)
Szwajcario (singular vocative)

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


Holandia

Holandia (nominative singular)
Holandii (genitive singular)
Holandii (dative singular)
Holandię (accusative singular)
Holandią (instrumental singular)
Holandii (locative singular)
Holandio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Dutch Holland, from Old Dutch holt lant.

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Królestwo Niderlandów
Królestwo Niderlandów#English

(occasionally proscribed) Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten; official name: Królestwo Niderlandów)


Norwegia

Norwegia (nominative singular)
Norwegii (genitive singular)
Norwegii (dative singular)
Norwegię (accusative singular)
Norwegią (instrumental singular)
Norwegii (locative singular)
Norwegio (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Norwegia, Norvegia, from Old Norse Norvegr (“north way”), from norðr (“north”) + vegr (“way”).


Dania

Dania (nominative singular)
Danii (genitive singular)
Danii (dative singular)
Danię (accusative singular)
Danią (instrumental singular)
Danii (locative singular)
Danio (singular vocative)

desc

→ Russian: Дания (Danija), Да́нія (Dánija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Dānia.


Luksemburg

Luksemburg (nominative singular)
Luksemburga (genitive singular)
Luksemburgowi (dative singular)
Luksemburg (accusative singular)
Luksemburgiem (instrumental singular)
Luksemburgu (locative singular)
Luksemburgu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Luxemburg, from Middle High German Luccelemburc, from Old High German Lucilinburhuc, from luzil + burg, from Proto-Germanic *lūtilaz + *burgz.

Luxembourg (a small country in Western Europe)

Luxembourg, Luxembourg City (the capital city of Luxembourg)


Rumunia

Rumunia (nominative singular)
Rumunii (genitive singular)
Rumunii (dative singular)
Rumunię (accusative singular)
Rumunią (instrumental singular)
Rumunii (locative singular)
Rumunio (singular vocative)

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Pearl Harbor

Unadapted borrowing from English Pearl Harbor, from Hawaiian Wai Momi.

ubor

Pearl Harbor (a harbour and naval base in Hawaii, United States)


Malaga

malagijski (adjective)
Malaga (nominative singular)
Malagi (genitive singular)
Maladze (dative singular)
Malagę (accusative singular)
Malagą (instrumental singular)
Maladze (locative singular)
Malago (singular vocative)


Pretoria

pl-prop

Pretoria f (related adjective pretoryjski)

pretoryjski (adjective)
Pretoria (nominative singular)
Pretorii (genitive singular)
Pretorii (dative singular)
Pretorię (accusative singular)
Pretorią (instrumental singular)
Pretorii (locative singular)
Pretorio (singular vocative)

Pretoria (a city, the administrative capital of South Africa)


Breda

bredzki (adjective)
Breda (nominative singular)
Bredy (genitive singular)
Bredzie (dative singular)
Bredę (accusative singular)
Bredą (instrumental singular)
Bredzie (locative singular)
Bredo (singular vocative)

Breda (a city and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands)


Castries

Castries (the capital city of Saint Lucia)


Bamako

Bamako n (indeclinable, related adjective bamakijski)


Juda

Juda (nominative singular)
Judy (genitive singular)
Judzie (dative singular)
Judę (accusative singular)
Judą (instrumental singular)
Judzie (locative singular)
Judo (singular vocative)

a male given name from Biblical Hebrew, equivalent to English Judah, Yehuda


Dagestan

Dagestan (nominative singular)
Dagestanu (genitive singular)
Dagestanowi (dative singular)
Dagestan (accusative singular)
Dagestanem (instrumental singular)
Dagestanie (locative singular)
Dagestanie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Дагеста́н (Dagestán).

bor+

Dagestan (a republic of Russia, located in the Caucasus region)


Sparta

spartański (adjective)
Sparta (nominative singular)
Sparty (genitive singular)
Sparcie (dative singular)
Spartę (accusative singular)
Spartą (instrumental singular)
Sparcie (locative singular)
Sparto (singular vocative)

Sparta (an ancient city-state and archaeological site in modern Greece)


Naypyidaw

Borrowed from English Naypyidaw, from Burmese နေပြည်တော် (ne-pranytau).


Praga

praski (adjective)
Praga (nominative singular)
Pragi (genitive singular)
Pradze (dative singular)
Pragę (accusative singular)
Pragą (instrumental singular)
Pradze (locative singular)
Prago (singular vocative)

Prague (the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic)


Praga

Praga (a neighborhood of Sieradz, Poland)

Łódź Voivodeship
Łódź Voivodeship#English

Praga (a village in the Gmina of Dmosin, Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland)

Praga (a village in the Gmina of Poddębice, Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland)


Uppsala

Uppsala (nominative singular)
Uppsali (genitive singular)
Uppsali (dative singular)
Uppsalę (accusative singular)
Uppsalą (instrumental singular)
Uppsali (locative singular)
Uppsalo (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Swedish Uppsala, from Old Norse Uppsalir.


Jordania

Jordania (nominative singular)
Jordanii (genitive singular)
Jordanii (dative singular)
Jordanię (accusative singular)
Jordanią (instrumental singular)
Jordanii (locative singular)
Jordanio (singular vocative)

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Kalifornia

Kalifornia (nominative singular)
Kalifornii (genitive singular)
Kalifornii (dative singular)
Kalifornię (accusative singular)
Kalifornią (instrumental singular)
Kalifornii (locative singular)
Kalifornio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English California, from Spanish California.

California (a state of the United States)


Kuopio

Unadapted borrowing from Finnish Kuopio.

Northern Savonia
Northern Savonia#English

Kuopio (a city and municipality of Northern Savonia, Finland)


Graz

Graz (nominative singular)
Grazu (genitive singular)
Grazowi (dative singular)
Graz (accusative singular)
Grazem (instrumental singular)
Grazu (locative singular)
Grazu (singular vocative)

Graz (a city, the state capital of Styria, Austria)


Genua

Genua (nominative singular)
Genui (genitive singular)
Genui (dative singular)
Genuę (accusative singular)
Genuą (instrumental singular)
Genui (locative singular)
Genuo (singular vocative)

Genoa (the capital city of Liguria, Italy)

Genoa (a metropolitan city of Liguria, Italy)


Belgrad

Belgrad (nominative singular)
Belgradu (genitive singular)
Belgradowi (dative singular)
Belgrad (accusative singular)
Belgradem (instrumental singular)
Belgradzie (locative singular)
Belgradzie (singular vocative)

Belgrade (the capital and largest city of Serbia)


Ibiza

Ibiza (nominative singular)
Ibizy (genitive singular)
Ibizie (dative singular)
Ibizę (accusative singular)
Ibizą (instrumental singular)
Ibizie (locative singular)
Ibizo (singular vocative)

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Sea#English

Ibiza (island in the Balearic Islands of Spain, in the Mediterranean Sea)

Ibiza (a city in the Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, Spain)


Dniepr

pl-prop

Dniepr m inan (related adjective dnieprowski or dnieprzański)

dnieprowski (adjective)
dnieprzański (adjective)
Dniepr (nominative singular)
Dniepru (genitive singular)
Dnieprowi (dative singular)
Dniepr (accusative singular)
Dnieprem (instrumental singular)
Dnieprze (locative singular)
Dnieprze (singular vocative)

Dnieper (a river in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine)


Weimar

Weimar m inan (related adjective weimarski)

weimarski (adjective)
Weimar (nominative singular)
Weimaru (genitive singular)
Weimarowi (dative singular)
Weimar (accusative singular)
Weimarem (instrumental singular)
Weimarze (locative singular)
Weimarze (singular vocative)


Chiny

Chiny nvir pl (related adjective chiński)

chiński (adjective)
Chiny (nominative plural)
Chin (genitive plural)
Chinom (dative plural)
Chiny (accusative plural)
Chinami (instrumental plural)
Chinach (locative plural)
Chiny (plural vocative)

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China#English

China, People's Republic of China (a country in East Asia)


Izrael

Izrael (nominative singular)
Izraela (genitive singular)
Izraelowi (dative singular)
Izrael (accusative singular)
Izraelem (instrumental singular)
Izraelu (locative singular)
Izraelu (singular vocative)

Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)


São Tomé

São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe#English

São Tomé (the capital city of São Tomé and Príncipe)


Osaka

osakijski (adjective)
Osaka (nominative singular)
Osaki (genitive singular)
Osace (dative singular)
Osakę (accusative singular)
Osaką (instrumental singular)
Osace (locative singular)
Osako (singular vocative)

Osaka (the capital and largest city of Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


Pjongjang

Pjongjang (nominative singular)
Pjongjangu (genitive singular)
Pjongjangowi (dative singular)
Pjongjang (accusative singular)
Pjongjangiem (instrumental singular)
Pjongjangu (locative singular)
Pjongjangu (singular vocative)

Pyongyang (the capital city of North Korea)


Aleksandria

Aleksandria m inan (related adjective aleksandryjski)

Masovian Voivodeship
Masovian Voivodeship#English

Aleksandria (a village in the Gmina of Nowe Miasto, Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland)

Puszcza Mariańska
Puszcza Mariańska#English

Aleksandria (a village in the Gmina of Puszcza Mariańska, Żyrardów County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland)

Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship#English

Aleksandria (a village in the Gmina of Konopiska, Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland)

Greater Poland Voivodeship
Greater Poland Voivodeship#English

Aleksandria (a village in the Gmina of Brzeziny, Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland)


Gilead

Gilead (nominative singular)
Gileadu (genitive singular)
Gileadowi (dative singular)
Gilead (accusative singular)
Gileadem (instrumental singular)
Gileadzie (locative singular)
Gileadzie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew גִּלְעָד (gil'ád).

bor+

(biblical) Gilead (a region east of the Jordan river in Israel)


Kreta

Kreta (nominative singular)
Krety (genitive singular)
Krecie (dative singular)
Kretę (accusative singular)
Kretą (instrumental singular)
Krecie (locative singular)
Kreto (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Crēta, from Ancient Greek Κρήτη (Krḗtē). Doublet of kreda.

Crete (Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea)


Augsburg

Augsburg (nominative singular)
Augsburga (genitive singular)
Augsburgowi (dative singular)
Augsburg (accusative singular)
Augsburgiem (instrumental singular)
Augsburgu (locative singular)
Augsburgu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Augsburg, from Latin Augusta Vindelicōrum.

Augsburg (an independent city, the administrative seat of Swabia, Bavaria, Germany)


Katalonia

Katalonia (nominative singular)
Katalonii (genitive singular)
Katalonii (dative singular)
Katalonię (accusative singular)
Katalonią (instrumental singular)
Katalonii (locative singular)
Katalonio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Catalan Catalunya, from Medieval Latin Cathalaunia.

autonomous community
autonomous community

Catalonia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Magdalena

Magda (diminutive)
Magdalena (nominative singular)
Magdaleny (nominative plural)
Magdaleny (genitive singular)
Magdalen (genitive plural)
Magdalenie (dative singular)
Magdalenom (dative plural)
Magdalenę (accusative singular)
Magdaleny (accusative plural)
Magdaleną (instrumental singular)
Magdalenami (instrumental plural)
Magdalenie (locative singular)
Magdalenach (locative plural)
Magdaleno (singular vocative)
Magdaleny (plural vocative)

a female given name from Latin [in turn from Ancient Greek, in turn from Biblical Hebrew], equivalent to English Magdalene


Mekka

Mekka (nominative singular)
Mekki (genitive singular)
Mekce (dative singular)
Mekkę (accusative singular)
Mekką (instrumental singular)
Mekce (locative singular)
Mekko (singular vocative)

(Islam) Mecca (a large city in the Hejaz, Saudi Arabia, the holiest place in Islam)


Amazonka

Amazonka (nominative singular)
Amazonki (nominative plural)
Amazonki (genitive singular)
Amazonek (genitive plural)
Amazonce (dative singular)
Amazonkom (dative plural)
Amazonkę (accusative singular)
Amazonki (accusative plural)
Amazonką (instrumental singular)
Amazonkami (instrumental plural)
Amazonce (locative singular)
Amazonkach (locative plural)
Amazonko (singular vocative)
Amazonki (plural vocative)

(Greek mythology) Amazon (member of a mythical race of female warriors inhabiting the Black Sea area)


Amazonka

Amazonka (nominative singular)
Amazonki (genitive singular)
Amazonce (dative singular)
Amazonkę (accusative singular)
Amazonką (instrumental singular)
Amazonce (locative singular)
Amazonko (singular vocative)

Amazon (a river in Brazil, Colombia and Peru)


Mjanma

Mjanma (nominative singular)
Mjanmy (genitive singular)
Mjanmie (dative singular)
Mjanmę (accusative singular)
Mjanmą (instrumental singular)
Mjanmie (locative singular)
Mjanmo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Burmese မြန်မာ (mranma, “Myanmar”).


Mozambik

pl-proper noun

Mozambik m inan (related adjective mozambicki)

mozambicki (adjective)
Mozambik (nominative singular)
Mozambika (genitive singular)
Mozambikowi (dative singular)
Mozambik (accusative singular)
Mozambikiem (instrumental singular)
Mozambiku (locative singular)
Mozambiku (singular vocative)

Mozambique (a country in East Africa and Southern Africa)


Cejlon

Cejlon (nominative singular)
Cejlonu (genitive singular)
Cejlonowi (dative singular)
Cejlon (accusative singular)
Cejlonem (instrumental singular)
Cejlonie (locative singular)
Cejlonie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Portuguese Ceilão, from Ancient Greek Σελεδίβα (Seledíba), from Pali sīhaḷadīva, sīeḷedīva, or from Sanskrit सिंहल (siṃhala).


Ho Chi Minh

Ho Chi Minh (nominative singular)
Ho Chi Minhu (genitive singular)
Ho Chi Minhowi (dative singular)
Ho Chi Minh (accusative singular)
Ho Chi Minhem (instrumental singular)
Ho Chi Minhie (locative singular)
Ho Chi Minhie (singular vocative)


Saara

saarski (adjective)
Saara (nominative singular)
Saary (genitive singular)
Saarze (dative singular)
Saarę (accusative singular)
Saarą (instrumental singular)
Saarze (locative singular)
Saaro (singular vocative)

Saar (a Moselle, flowing through France and Germany)


Bangladesz

pl-prop

Bangladesz m inan (related adjective bangladeski or banglijski)

bangladeski (adjective)
banglijski (adjective)
Bangladesz (nominative singular)
Bangladeszu (genitive singular)
Bangladeszowi (dative singular)
Bangladesz (accusative singular)
Bangladeszem (instrumental singular)
Bangladeszu (locative singular)
Bangladeszu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Bengali বাংলাদেশ (baṅladeś).


Czad

pl-prop

Czad m inan (related adjective czadyjski or czadzki)

czadyjski (adjective)
czadzki (adjective)
Czad (nominative singular)
Czadu (genitive singular)
Czadowi (dative singular)
Czad (accusative singular)
Czadem (instrumental singular)
Czadzie (locative singular)
Czadzie (singular vocative)


Indie

Indie (nominative plural)
Indii (genitive plural)
Indyj (archaic genitive plural)
Indiom (dative plural)
Indie (accusative plural)
Indiami (instrumental plural)
Indiach (locative plural)
Indie (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin India, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía), from Ἰνδός (Indós), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢 (hiⁿdu-), from Sanskrit सिन्धु (síndhu), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *síndʰuṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš.


Dunaj

Dunaj m inan (related adjective dunajski)

dunajski (adjective)
Dunaj (nominative singular)
Dunaju (genitive singular)
Dunajowi (dative singular)
Dunaj (accusative singular)
Dunajem (instrumental singular)
Dunaju (locative singular)
Dunaju (singular vocative)

Dunaj (a village in the Gmina of Piątek, Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland)

Dunaj (a village in the Gmina of Stupsk, Mława County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland)

Dunaj (a village in the Gmina of Czarnia, Ostrołęka County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland)


Bahamy

Bahamy nvir pl (related adjective bahamski)

bahamski (adjective)
Bahamy (nominative plural)
Bahamów (genitive plural)
Bahamom (dative plural)
Bahamy (accusative plural)
Bahamami (instrumental plural)
Bahamach (locative plural)
Bahamy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Bahamas.

Bahamas (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


Komory

pl-proper noun

Komory m inan (related adjective komoryjski)

komoryjski (adjective)
Komory (nominative singular)
Komorów (genitive singular)
Komorom (dative singular)
Komory (accusative singular)
Komorami (instrumental singular)
Komorach (locative singular)
Komory (singular vocative)

Union of the Comoros
Union of the Comoros

Comoros (A country and group of islands in the Indian Ocean off the coast of East Africa)

Comoros (an archipelago consisting of the Union of the Comoros and the French overseas department of Mayotte)


Jenisej

Jenisej (nominative singular)
Jeniseju (genitive singular)
Jenisejowi (dative singular)
Jenisej (accusative singular)
Jenisejem (instrumental singular)
Jeniseju (locative singular)
Jeniseju (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Енисе́й (Jeniséj), from Old Kyrgyz Эне-Сай (Ene-Say, “mother river”) or from Evenki Ионэсси (Ionəssi, “big water”).


Tajlandia

Tajlandia (nominative singular)
Tajlandii (genitive singular)
Tajlandii (dative singular)
Tajlandię (accusative singular)
Tajlandią (instrumental singular)
Tajlandii (locative singular)
Tajlandio (singular vocative)


Görlitz

Unadapted borrowing from German Görlitz. Doublet of Zgorzelec.


Mołdawia

Mołdawia (nominative singular)
Mołdawii (genitive singular)
Mołdawii (dative singular)
Mołdawię (accusative singular)
Mołdawią (instrumental singular)
Mołdawii (locative singular)
Mołdawio (singular vocative)


Rosja

Rosja (nominative singular)
Rosje (nominative plural)
Rosji (genitive singular)
Rosji (genitive plural)
Rosyj (archaic genitive plural)
Rosji (dative singular)
Rosjom (dative plural)
Rosję (accusative singular)
Rosje (accusative plural)
Rosją (instrumental singular)
Rosjami (instrumental plural)
Rosji (locative singular)
Rosjach (locative plural)
Rosjo (singular vocative)
Rosje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Росси́я (Rossíja), from Byzantine Greek Ῥωσία (Rhōsía), from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ), possibly from Finnish Ruotsi (“Sweden”), from Old Norse Róðrsland (“the land of rowing”), older name of Roslagen, where the Finns and Swedes first met.

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Nazaret

Nazaret (nominative singular)
Nazaretu (genitive singular)
Nazaretowi (dative singular)
Nazaret (accusative singular)
Nazaretem (instrumental singular)
Nazarecie (locative singular)
Nazarecie (singular vocative)

Northern District
Northern District#English

Nazareth (the largest city in the Northern District, Israel)


Neapol

Neapol (nominative singular)
Neapolu (genitive singular)
Neapolowi (dative singular)
Neapol (accusative singular)
Neapolem (instrumental singular)
Neapolu (locative singular)
Neapolu (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Neāpolis, from Ancient Greek Νεᾱ́πολῐς (Neā́polis), from νέᾱ (néā) + πόλῐς (pólis).


Chińska Republika Ludowa

pl-prop

Chińska Republika Ludowa f (abbreviation ChRL)

ChRL (abbreviation)
Chińska Republika Ludowa (nominative singular)
Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej (genitive singular)
Chińskiej Republice Ludowej (dative singular)
Chińską Republikę Ludową (accusative singular)
Chińską Republiką Ludową (instrumental singular)
Chińskiej Republice Ludowej (locative singular)
Chińska Republiko Ludowa (singular vocative)

Literally, “Chinese People's Republic”. Perhaps a calque of Russian Кита́йская Наро́дная Респу́блика (Kitájskaja Naródnaja Respúblika).

cal

Кита́йская Наро́дная Респу́блика

China, People's Republic of China (a country in East Asia)


Falklandy

pl-prop

Falklandy nvir pl (related adjective falklandzki)

falklandzki (adjective)
Falklandy (nominative plural)
Falklandów (genitive plural)
Falklandom (dative plural)
Falklandy (accusative plural)
Falklandami (instrumental plural)
Falklandach (locative plural)
Falklandy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Falklands.

Falkland Islands
Falkland Islands#English

Falklands, Falkland Islands (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom)


Ryga

Ryga f (related adjective ryski, demonym ryżanin, female demonym ryżanka)

ryski (adjective)
ryżanin (demonym)
ryżanka (demonym feminine)
Ryga (nominative singular)
Rygi (genitive singular)
Rydze (dative singular)
Rygę (accusative singular)
Rygą (instrumental singular)
Rydze (locative singular)
Rygo (singular vocative)

Riga (the capital and largest city of Latvia)


Londyn

Londyn m inan (related adjective londyński)

londyński (adjective)
Londyn (nominative singular)
Londynu (genitive singular)
Londynowi (dative singular)
Londyn (accusative singular)
Londynem (instrumental singular)
Londynie (locative singular)
Londynie (singular vocative)

London (the capital and largest city of the United Kingdom)


Rzym

Rzym (nominative singular)
Rzymu (genitive singular)
Rzymowi (dative singular)
Rzym (accusative singular)
Rzymem (instrumental singular)
Rzymie (locative singular)
Rzymie (singular vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish Rzym. For similar religious borrowings, compare Żyd (“Jew”), krzyż (“cross”).

(Ancient Rome, historical) Roman Empire (an ancient empire)


Lizbona

lizboński (adjective)
Lizbona (nominative singular)
Lizbony (genitive singular)
Lizbonie (dative singular)
Lizbonę (accusative singular)
Lizboną (instrumental singular)
Lizbonie (locative singular)
Lizbono (singular vocative)

Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula#English

Lisbon (a port city on the Iberian Peninsula, at the mouth of the Tagus River on the Atlantic Ocean; capital city of Portugal)


Pekin

Pekin (nominative singular)
Pekinu (genitive singular)
Pekinowi (dative singular)
Pekin (accusative singular)
Pekinem (instrumental singular)
Pekinie (locative singular)
Pekinie (singular vocative)

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


Słowenia

Słowenia (nominative singular)
Słowenii (genitive singular)
Słowenii (dative singular)
Słowenię (accusative singular)
Słowenią (instrumental singular)
Słowenii (locative singular)
Słowenio (singular vocative)

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Chorwacja

Chorwacja (nominative singular)
Chorwacji (genitive singular)
Chorwacji (dative singular)
Chorwację (accusative singular)
Chorwacją (instrumental singular)
Chorwacji (locative singular)
Chorwacjo (singular vocative)

Internationalism, compare English Croatia, ultimatetly from Latin Croatia.

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Łotwa

Łotwa (nominative singular)
Łotwy (genitive singular)
Łotwie (dative singular)
Łotwę (accusative singular)
Łotwą (instrumental singular)
Łotwie (locative singular)
Łotwo (singular vocative)


Budapeszt

Budapeszt m inan (related adjective budapeszteński)

budapeszteński (adjective)
Budapeszt (nominative singular)
Budapesztu (genitive singular)
Budapesztowi (dative singular)
Budapeszt (accusative singular)
Budapesztem (instrumental singular)
Budapeszcie (locative singular)
Budapeszcie (singular vocative)

Budapest (the capital and largest city of Hungary)


Jokohama

Jokohama f (related adjective jokohamski)

jokohamski (adjective)
Jokohama (nominative singular)
Jokohamy (genitive singular)
Jokohamie (dative singular)
Jokohamę (accusative singular)
Jokohamą (instrumental singular)
Jokohamie (locative singular)
Jokohamo (singular vocative)

Yokohama (the capital and largest city of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


Gujana

gujański (adjective)
Gujana (nominative singular)
Gujany (genitive singular)
Gujanie (dative singular)
Gujanę (accusative singular)
Gujaną (instrumental singular)
Gujanie (locative singular)
Gujano (singular vocative)


Himalaje

Himalaje nvir pl (related adjective himalajski)

himalajski (adjective)
Himalaje (nominative plural)
Himalajów (genitive plural)
Himalajom (dative plural)
Himalaje (accusative plural)
Himalajami (instrumental plural)
Himalajach (locative plural)
Himalaje (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Himalayas, French Himalaya, German Himalaja, ultimately from Sanskrit हिमालय (himālaya).

Himalayas (a mountain range in Bhutan, China, India, Nepal and Pakistan)


Alpy

Alpy nvir pl (related adjective alpejski)

alpejski (adjective)
Alpy (nominative plural)
Alp (genitive plural)
Alpom (dative plural)
Alpy (accusative plural)
Alpami (instrumental plural)
Alpach (locative plural)
Alpy (plural vocative)

Alps (a mountain range in Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia and Switzerland)


Kioto

Kyoto (the capital and largest city of Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)


Sardynia

Sardynia f (related adjective sardyński)

sardyński (adjective)
Sardynia (nominative singular)
Sardynii (genitive singular)
Sardynii (dative singular)
Sardynię (accusative singular)
Sardynią (instrumental singular)
Sardynii (locative singular)
Sardynio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Italian Sardegna, from Latin Sardinia, from Ancient Greek Σαρδώ (Sardṓ).

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Kanton

Kanton m inan (related adjective kantoński)

kantoński (adjective)
Kanton (nominative singular)
Kantonu (genitive singular)
Kantonowi (dative singular)
Kanton (accusative singular)
Kantonem (instrumental singular)
Kantonie (locative singular)
Kantonie (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Canton, French Canton, Russian Канто́н (Kantón), ultimately from Portuguese Cantão, from Mandarin 廣東／广东 (Guǎngdōng). Doublet of Guangdong.

Guangzhou (the capital and largest city of Guangdong, China)


Erywań

Erywań (nominative singular)
Erywania (genitive singular)
Erywaniowi (dative singular)
Erywań (accusative singular)
Erywaniem (instrumental singular)
Erywaniu (locative singular)
Erywaniu (singular vocative)


Adelajda

Adelajda (nominative singular)
Adelajdy (nominative plural)
Adelajdy (genitive singular)
Adelajd (genitive plural)
Adelajdzie (dative singular)
Adelajdom (dative plural)
Adelajdę (accusative singular)
Adelajdy (accusative plural)
Adelajdą (instrumental singular)
Adelajdami (instrumental plural)
Adelajdzie (locative singular)
Adelajdach (locative plural)
Adelajdo (singular vocative)
Adelajdy (plural vocative)

Adelaide (the state capital of South Australia)


Vantaa

Vantaa (nominative singular)
Vanty (genitive singular)
Vancie (dative singular)
Vantę (accusative singular)
Vantą (instrumental singular)
Vancie (locative singular)
Vanto (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from Finnish Vantaa.

Vantaa (a city and municipality of Uusimaa, Finland)


Konstantynopol

Konstantynopol (nominative singular)
Konstantynopola (genitive singular)
Konstantynopolowi (dative singular)
Konstantynopol (accusative singular)
Konstantynopolem (instrumental singular)
Konstantynopolu (locative singular)
Konstantynopolu (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin Cōnstantīnopolis, from Byzantine Greek Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς (Kōnstantīnoúpolis).

der

Κωνστᾰντῑνούπολῐς

(historical) Constantinople (the largest city in Turkey)


Dżibuti

pl-proper noun

Dżibuti n (indeclinable, related adjective dżibucki)

Djibouti (a country in East Africa)
Djibouti (the capital city of Djibouti)


Argentyna

pl-prop

Argentyna f (related adjective argentyński)

argentyński (adjective)
Argentyna (nominative singular)
Argentyny (genitive singular)
Argentynie (dative singular)
Argentynę (accusative singular)
Argentyną (instrumental singular)
Argentynie (locative singular)
Argentyno (singular vocative)


Bruksela

Bruksela (nominative singular)
Brukseli (genitive singular)
Brukseli (dative singular)
Brukselę (accusative singular)
Brukselą (instrumental singular)
Brukseli (locative singular)
Brukselo (singular vocative)


Niemen

Niemen (nominative singular)
Niemna (genitive singular)
Niemnowi (dative singular)
Niemen (accusative singular)
Niemnem (instrumental singular)
Niemnie (locative singular)
Niemnie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Не́ман (Néman), from Lithuanian Nemunas, of uncertain origin, possibly from an Old Lithuanian word meaning "damp, wet".

Neman (a river in Belarus, Lithuania and Russia)


Akwizgran

Akwizgran (nominative singular)
Akwizgranu (genitive singular)
Akwizgranowi (dative singular)
Akwizgran (accusative singular)
Akwizgranem (instrumental singular)
Akwizgranie (locative singular)
Akwizgranie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Aquisgranum.

lbor

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Aachen (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Bukareszt

pl-prop

Bukareszt m inan (related adjective bukareszteński)

bukareszteński (adjective)
Bukareszt (nominative singular)
Bukaresztu (genitive singular)
Bukaresztowi (dative singular)
Bukareszt (accusative singular)
Bukaresztem (instrumental singular)
Bukareszcie (locative singular)
Bukareszcie (singular vocative)

Bucharest (the capital and largest city of Romania)


Ateny

Ateny (nominative plural)
Aten (genitive plural)
Atenom (dative plural)
Ateny (accusative plural)
Atenami (instrumental plural)
Atenach (locative plural)
Ateny (plural vocative)


Madryt

Madryt (nominative singular)
Madrytu (genitive singular)
Madrytowi (dative singular)
Madryt (accusative singular)
Madrytem (instrumental singular)
Madrycie (locative singular)
Madrycie (singular vocative)

Community of Madrid
Community of Madrid#English

Madrid, Community of Madrid (an autonomous community of Spain)


Zagrzeb

Zagrzeb m inan (related adjective zagrzebski)

zagrzebski (adjective)
Zagrzeb (nominative singular)
Zagrzebia (genitive singular)
Zagrzebiowi (dative singular)
Zagrzeb (accusative singular)
Zagrzebiem (instrumental singular)
Zagrzebiu (locative singular)
Zagrzebiu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian За́греб／Zágreb.

bor+

За́греб//Zágreb

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


Wilno

Wilno (nominative singular)
Wilna (genitive singular)
Wilnu (dative singular)
Wilno (accusative singular)
Wilnem (instrumental singular)
Wilnie (locative singular)
Wilno (singular vocative)


Filipiny

Filipiny (nominative plural)
Filipin (genitive plural)
Filipinom (dative plural)
Filipiny (accusative plural)
Filipinami (instrumental plural)
Filipinach (locative plural)
Filipiny (plural vocative)

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


Zjednoczone Królestwo

Zjednoczone Królestwo (nominative singular)
Zjednoczonego Królestwa (genitive singular)
Zjednoczonemu Królestwu (dative singular)
Zjednoczone Królestwo (accusative singular)
Zjednoczonym Królestwem (instrumental singular)
Zjednoczonym Królestwie (locative singular)
Zjednoczone Królestwo (singular vocative)

Literally, “United Kingdom”. Calque of English United Kingdom.

United Kingdom (a country in Western Europe)


Brazylia

pl-prop

Brazylia f (related adjective brazylijski)

brazylijski (adjective)
Brazylia (nominative singular)
Brazylii (genitive singular)
Brazylii (dative singular)
Brazylię (accusative singular)
Brazylią (instrumental singular)
Brazylii (locative singular)
Brazylio (singular vocative)

Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Paragwaj

Paragwaj m inan (related adjective paragwajski)

paragwajski (adjective)
Paragwaj (nominative singular)
Paragwaju (genitive singular)
Paragwajowi (dative singular)
Paragwaj (accusative singular)
Paragwajem (instrumental singular)
Paragwaju (locative singular)
Paragwaju (singular vocative)


Seszele

pl-proper noun

Seszele nvir pl (related adjective seszelski)

seszelski (adjective)
Seszele (nominative plural)
Seszeli (genitive plural)
Seszelów (genitive plural)
Seszelom (dative plural)
Seszele (accusative plural)
Seszelami (instrumental plural)
Seszelach (locative plural)
Seszele (plural vocative)

Seychelles (an archipelago and country in East Africa, in the Indian Ocean)


Walia

Walia (nominative singular)
Walii (genitive singular)
Walii (dative singular)
Walię (accusative singular)
Walią (instrumental singular)
Walii (locative singular)
Walio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Wales, from Middle English Wales, from Old English Wēalas, plural of wealh, from Proto-Germanic *walhaz. Doublet of wałach, Wałach, Włoch, Włochy, and Wołoch.

dbt

Wales (a country in northwestern Europe, a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Malediwy

pl-prop

Malediwy nvir pl (related adjective malediwski)

malediwski (adjective)
Malediwy (nominative plural)
Malediwów (genitive plural)
Malediwom (dative plural)
Malediwy (accusative plural)
Malediwami (instrumental plural)
Malediwach (locative plural)
Malediwy (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English Maldives.

Maldives (an archipelago and country in South Asia)


Bośnia i Hercegowina

pl-proper noun

Bośnia i Hercegowina f (related adjective hercegbośniacki)

hercegbośniacki (adjective)
Bośnia i Hercegowina (nominative singular)
Bośni i Hercegowiny (genitive singular)
Bośni i Hercegowinie (dative singular)
Bośnię i Hercegowinę (accusative singular)
Bośnią i Hercegowiną (instrumental singular)
Bośni i Hercegowinie (locative singular)
Bośnio i Hercegowino (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Bosna i Hercegovina.

bor+

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Kolonia

koloński (adjective)
Kolonia (nominative singular)
Kolonii (genitive singular)
Kolonii (dative singular)
Kolonię (accusative singular)
Kolonią (instrumental singular)
Kolonii (locative singular)
Kolonio (singular vocative)

Cologne (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Nowy Jork

Nowy Jork (nominative singular)
Nowego Jorku (genitive singular)
Nowemu Jorkowi (dative singular)
Nowy Jork (accusative singular)
Nowym Jorkiem (instrumental singular)
Nowym Jorku (locative singular)
Nowy Jorku (singular vocative)

New York City (a city in the United States)


Kair

Kair (nominative singular)
Kairu (genitive singular)
Kairowi (dative singular)
Kair (accusative singular)
Kairem (instrumental singular)
Kairze (locative singular)
Kairze (singular vocative)


Mińsk

Mińsk (nominative singular)
Mińska (genitive singular)
Mińskowi (dative singular)
Mińsk (accusative singular)
Mińskiem (instrumental singular)
Mińsku (locative singular)
Mińsku (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Belarusian Мінск (Minsk), from Old East Slavic Мѣньскъ (Měnĭskŭ).


Naddniestrze

Naddniestrze (nominative singular)
Naddniestrza (genitive singular)
Naddniestrzu (dative singular)
Naddniestrze (accusative singular)
Naddniestrzem (instrumental singular)
Naddniestrzu (locative singular)
Naddniestrze (singular vocative)

Transnistria (a breakaway country in Moldova)


Perm

Perm (nominative singular)
Permu (genitive singular)
Permowi (dative singular)
Perm (accusative singular)
Permem (instrumental singular)
Permie (locative singular)
Permie (singular vocative)

Perm (a city, the administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia)


Grozny

Grozny (nominative singular)
Groznego (genitive singular)
Groznemu (dative singular)
Grozny (accusative singular)
Groznym (instrumental singular)
Groznym (locative singular)
Grozny (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Гро́зный (Gróznyj), with the suffix assimilated to -ny.

Grozny (the regional capital and largest city in Chechnya, Russia)


Abakan

Abakan (nominative singular)
Abakanu (genitive singular)
Abakanowi (dative singular)
Abakan (accusative singular)
Abakanem (instrumental singular)
Abakanie (locative singular)
Abakanie (singular vocative)

Transliteration of Russian Абака́н (Abakán).


Ufa

ufijski (adjective)
Ufa (nominative singular)
Ufy (genitive singular)
Ufie (dative singular)
Ufę (accusative singular)
Ufą (instrumental singular)
Ufie (locative singular)
Ufo (singular vocative)

Ufa (a tributary of Belaya river, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia)


Algieria

pl-proper noun

Algieria f (related adjective algierski)

algierski (adjective)
Algieria (nominative singular)
Algierii (genitive singular)
Algierii (dative singular)
Algierię (accusative singular)
Algierią (instrumental singular)
Algierii (locative singular)
Algierio (singular vocative)

Ultimately from Arabic اَلْجَزَائِر (al-jazāʔir, “the islands”).

der

اَلْجَزَائِر


Arabia Saudyjska

Arabia Saudyjska (nominative singular)
Arabie Saudyjskie (nominative plural)
Arabii Saudyjskiej (genitive singular)
Arabii (genitive plural)
Arabij  Saudyjskich (archaic genitive plural)
Arabii Saudyjskiej (dative singular)
Arabiom Saudyjskim (dative plural)
Arabię Saudyjską (accusative singular)
Arabie Saudyjskie (accusative plural)
Arabią Saudyjską (instrumental singular)
Arabiami Saudyjskimi (instrumental plural)
Arabii Saudyjskiej (locative singular)
Arabiach Saudyjskich (locative plural)
Arabio Saudyjska (singular vocative)
Arabie Saudyjskie (plural vocative)

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Azerbejdżan

pl-prop

Azerbejdżan m inan (related adjective azerbejdżański or azerski)

azerbejdżański (adjective)
azerski (adjective)
Azerbejdżan (nominative singular)
Azerbejdżanu (genitive singular)
Azerbejdżanowi (dative singular)
Azerbejdżan (accusative singular)
Azerbejdżanem (instrumental singular)
Azerbejdżanie (locative singular)
Azerbejdżanie (singular vocative)

Derived from Persian آذربایجان (âzarbâyjân). See English Azerbaijan for more.

der+

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


Damaszek

pl-prop

Damaszek m inan (related adjective damasceński)

damasceński (adjective)
Damaszek (nominative singular)
Damaszku (genitive singular)
Damaszkowi (dative singular)
Damaszek (accusative singular)
Damaszkiem (instrumental singular)
Damaszku (locative singular)
Damaszku (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Dāmascus. Doublet of adamaszek and Damascena.

Damascus (the capital and largest city of Syria)


Boliwia

Boliwia f (related adjective boliwijski)

boliwijski (adjective)
Boliwia (nominative singular)
Boliwii (genitive singular)
Boliwii (dative singular)
Boliwię (accusative singular)
Boliwią (instrumental singular)
Boliwii (locative singular)
Boliwio (singular vocative)


Czarnogóra

Czarnogóra f (related adjective czarnogórski)

czarnogórski (adjective)
Czarnogóra (nominative singular)
Czarnogóry (genitive singular)
Czarnogórze (dative singular)
Czarnogórę (accusative singular)
Czarnogórą (instrumental singular)
Czarnogórze (locative singular)
Czarnogóro (singular vocative)

From czarny + -o- + góra. Calque of Serbo-Croatian Crna Gora.

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Ekwador

Ekwador m inan (related adjective ekwadorski)

ekwadorski (adjective)
Ekwador (nominative singular)
Ekwadoru (genitive singular)
Ekwadorowi (dative singular)
Ekwador (accusative singular)
Ekwadorem (instrumental singular)
Ekwadorze (locative singular)
Ekwadorze (singular vocative)


Birma

Birma (nominative singular)
Birmy (nominative plural)
Birmy (genitive singular)
Birm (genitive plural)
Birmie (dative singular)
Birmom (dative plural)
Birmę (accusative singular)
Birmy (accusative plural)
Birmą (instrumental singular)
Birmami (instrumental plural)
Birmie (locative singular)
Birmach (locative plural)
Birmo (singular vocative)
Birmy (plural vocative)


Cypr

Cypr (nominative singular)
Cypru (genitive singular)
Cyprowi (dative singular)
Cypr (accusative singular)
Cyprem (instrumental singular)
Cyprze (locative singular)
Cyprze (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Cyprus, from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros). Doublet of szypr.

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


Gruzja

Gruzja (nominative singular)
Gruzje (nominative plural)
Gruzji (genitive singular)
Gruzji (genitive plural)
Gruzyj (archaic genitive plural)
Gruzji (dative singular)
Gruzjom (dative plural)
Gruzję (accusative singular)
Gruzje (accusative plural)
Gruzją (instrumental singular)
Gruzjami (instrumental plural)
Gruzji (locative singular)
Gruzjach (locative plural)
Gruzjo (singular vocative)
Gruzje (plural vocative)

Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)


Sodoma

sodomski (adjective)
Sodoma (nominative singular)
Sodomy (genitive singular)
Sodomie (dative singular)
Sodomę (accusative singular)
Sodomą (instrumental singular)
Sodomie (locative singular)
Sodomo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Sodoma. Doublet of Sedom.

(biblical, Qur'an) Sodom (ancient Biblical city in Canaan, destroyed due to its sinfulness)


Suazi

Suazi n (indeclinable, related adjective suazyjski)

(historical) Swaziland (The former name of Eswatini, a country in Southern Africa)


Amur

Amur (nominative singular)
Amuru (genitive singular)
Amurowi (dative singular)
Amur (accusative singular)
Amurem (instrumental singular)
Amurze (locative singular)
Amurze (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Аму́р (Amúr), of unknown origin.

Amur (long river forming the border between the Far East of Russia and Northeastern China)


Czeczenia

Czeczenia (nominative singular)
Czeczenii (genitive singular)
Czeczenii (dative singular)
Czeczenię (accusative singular)
Czeczenią (instrumental singular)
Czeczenii (locative singular)
Czeczenio (singular vocative)

/t͡ʂɛˈt͡ʂɛ.ɲa/

Borrowed from Russian Чечня́ (Čečnjá, “place of the Chechens”), from Kabardian.

bor+

Chechnya (a republic of the northern Caucasus of Russia; capital: Grozny)


Urugwaj

pl-prop

Urugwaj m inan (related adjective urugwajski)

urugwajski (adjective)
Urugwaj (nominative singular)
Urugwaju (genitive singular)
Urugwajowi (dative singular)
Urugwaj (accusative singular)
Urugwajem (instrumental singular)
Urugwaju (locative singular)
Urugwaju (singular vocative)

Uruguay River (a major river in South America)


Watykan

Watykan (nominative singular)
Watykanu (genitive singular)
Watykanowi (dative singular)
Watykan (accusative singular)
Watykanem (instrumental singular)
Watykanie (locative singular)
Watykanie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Vātī̆cānus, from vāticinārī.

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Turcja

turecki (adjective)
Turcja (nominative singular)
Turcji (genitive singular)
Turcji (dative singular)
Turcję (accusative singular)
Turcją (instrumental singular)
Turcji (locative singular)
Turcjo (singular vocative)

Southeastern Europe
Southeastern Europe#English

Turkey (a country in Southeastern Europe and Western Asia)


Wenezuela

Wenezuela f (related adjective wenezuelski)

wenezuelski (adjective)
Wenezuela (nominative singular)
Wenezueli (genitive singular)
Wenezueli (dative singular)
Wenezuelę (accusative singular)
Wenezuelą (instrumental singular)
Wenezueli (locative singular)
Wenezuelo (singular vocative)


Jugosławia

Jugosławia f (related adjective jugosłowiański)

jugosłowiański (adjective)
Jugosławia (nominative singular)
Jugosławii (genitive singular)
Jugosławii (dative singular)
Jugosławię (accusative singular)
Jugosławią (instrumental singular)
Jugosławii (locative singular)
Jugosławio (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Jugoslavija.

bor+

(historical) Yugoslavia (a former country in Europe)


Wyspy Salomona

pl-prop

Wyspy Salomona nvir pl (related adjective salomoński)

salomoński (adjective)
Wyspy Salomona (nominative plural)
Wysp Salomona (genitive plural)
Wyspom Salomona (dative plural)
Wyspy Salomona (accusative plural)
Wyspami Salomona (instrumental plural)
Wyspach Salomona (locative plural)
Wyspy Salomona (plural vocative)

Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands#English:_Q685

Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands#English:_Q148966

Solomon Islands (A country consisting of the majority of the Solomon Islands archipelago in Melanesia, in Oceania, as well as the Santa Cruz Islands)

Solomon Islands (An archipelago in Melanesia, split between the countries of the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea)


Abchazja

Abchazja (nominative singular)
Abchazji (genitive singular)
Abchazji (dative singular)
Abchazję (accusative singular)
Abchazją (instrumental singular)
Abchazji (locative singular)
Abchazjo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Абха́зия (Abxázija), from Georgian აფხაზეთი (apxazeti).

bor+

Abkhazia (a de-facto independent country in the Caucasus Region in Asia, internationally recognized as an autonomous republic of the country of Georgia)


Troja

trojański (adjective)
Troja (nominative singular)
Troi (genitive singular)
Troi (dative singular)
Troję (accusative singular)
Troją (instrumental singular)
Troi (locative singular)
Trojo (singular vocative)

Troy (an ancient city and archaeological site in modern Turkey)


Wołga

Wołga (nominative singular)
Wołgi (genitive singular)
Wołdze (dative singular)
Wołgę (accusative singular)
Wołgą (instrumental singular)
Wołdze (locative singular)
Wołgo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Russian Во́лга (Vólga), probably from Proto-Slavic *vьlga.


Poczdam

Poczdam (nominative singular)
Poczdamu (genitive singular)
Poczdamowi (dative singular)
Poczdam (accusative singular)
Poczdamem (instrumental singular)
Poczdamie (locative singular)
Poczdamie (singular vocative)


Drezno

drezdeński (adjective)
Drezno (nominative singular)
Drezna (genitive singular)
Dreznu (dative singular)
Drezno (accusative singular)
Dreznem (instrumental singular)
Dreźnie (locative singular)
Drezno (singular vocative)

Dresden (the capital and largest city of Saxony, Germany)


Norymberga

Norymberga (nominative singular)
Norymbergi (genitive singular)
Norymberdze (dative singular)
Norymbergę (accusative singular)
Norymbergą (instrumental singular)
Norymberdze (locative singular)
Norymbergo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Nürnberg, from Medieval Latin Norinberga.

Nuremberg (a major city in Bavaria, Germany)


Monachium

Munich (the capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany)


Lipsk

Lipsk (nominative singular)
Lipska (genitive singular)
Lipskowi (dative singular)
Lipsk (accusative singular)
Lipskiem (instrumental singular)
Lipsku (locative singular)
Lipsku (singular vocative)


Mediolan

Mediolan (nominative singular)
Mediolanu (genitive singular)
Mediolanowi (dative singular)
Mediolan (accusative singular)
Mediolanem (instrumental singular)
Mediolanie (locative singular)
Mediolanie (singular vocative)


Berno

Berno (nominative singular)
Berna (genitive singular)
Bernu (dative singular)
Berno (accusative singular)
Bernem (instrumental singular)
Bernie (locative singular)
Berno (singular vocative)


Łaba

Łaba (nominative singular)
Łaby (genitive singular)
Łabie (dative singular)
Łabę (accusative singular)
Łabą (instrumental singular)
Łabie (locative singular)
Łabo (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *olba, from Proto-Germanic *albī.

Elbe (a river in the Czech Republic and Germany)


Lubeka

Lubeka (nominative singular)
Lubeki (genitive singular)
Lubece (dative singular)
Lubekę (accusative singular)
Lubeką (instrumental singular)
Lubece (locative singular)
Lubeko (singular vocative)


Wełtawa

Wełtawa (nominative singular)
Wełtawy (genitive singular)
Wełtawie (dative singular)
Wełtawę (accusative singular)
Wełtawą (instrumental singular)
Wełtawie (locative singular)
Wełtawo (singular vocative)


Moza

Moza (nominative singular)
Mozy (genitive singular)
Mozie (dative singular)
Mozę (accusative singular)
Mozą (instrumental singular)
Mozie (locative singular)
Mozo (singular vocative)

Meuse (a major river in France, Belgium and the Netherlands)


Sekwana

Sekwana (nominative singular)
Sekwany (genitive singular)
Sekwanie (dative singular)
Sekwanę (accusative singular)
Sekwaną (instrumental singular)
Sekwanie (locative singular)
Sekwano (singular vocative)


Loara

Loara (nominative singular)
Loary (genitive singular)
Loarze (dative singular)
Loarę (accusative singular)
Loarą (instrumental singular)
Loarze (locative singular)
Loaro (singular vocative)

Borrowed from French Loire, from Latin Liger, Ligerim, itself a transcription of the native Gaulish name of the river, from Gaulish *liga (“silt, sediment, deposit, alluvium”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie, lay”).


Babilon

pl-prop

Babilon m inan (related adjective babiloński)

babiloński (adjective)
Babilon (nominative singular)
Babilonu (genitive singular)
Babilonowi (dative singular)
Babilon (accusative singular)
Babilonem (instrumental singular)
Babilonie (locative singular)
Babilonie (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin Babylōn. Doublet of Babel and Babilonia.

(historical) Babylon (the ancient capital of the kingdom of Babylonia, in modern Iraq)


Tamiza

Tamiza (nominative singular)
Tamizy (genitive singular)
Tamizie (dative singular)
Tamizę (accusative singular)
Tamizą (instrumental singular)
Tamizie (locative singular)
Tamizo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from English Thames, from Middle English Temese, from Old English Temes, Temese, from Latin Tamesis, Tamesas, of Celtic origin.


Tyber

Tyber m inan (related adjective tybrzański)

tybrzański (adjective)
Tyber (nominative singular)
Tybru (genitive singular)
Tybrowi (dative singular)
Tyber (accusative singular)
Tybrem (instrumental singular)
Tybrze (locative singular)
Tybrze (singular vocative)


Sztokholm

Sztokholm (nominative singular)
Sztokholmu (genitive singular)
Sztokholmowi (dative singular)
Sztokholm (accusative singular)
Sztokholmem (instrumental singular)
Sztokholmie (locative singular)
Sztokholmie (singular vocative)

Borrowed from German Stockholm, from Swedish Stockholm.

Stockholm (the capital and largest city of Sweden)


Rodan

pl-proper noun

Rodan m inan (related adjective rodański)

rodański (adjective)
Rodan (nominative singular)
Rodanu (genitive singular)
Rodanowi (dative singular)
Rodan (accusative singular)
Rodanem (instrumental singular)
Rodanie (locative singular)
Rodanie (singular vocative)

Rhone, Rhône (a major river in France and Switzerland)


Wenecja

Wenecja (nominative singular)
Wenecji (genitive singular)
Wenecji (dative singular)
Wenecję (accusative singular)
Wenecją (instrumental singular)
Wenecji (locative singular)
Wenecjo (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Italian Venezia, from Latin Venetia.


Antarktyda

pl-prop

Antarktyda f (related adjective antarktydzki)

antarktydzki (adjective)
Antarktyda (nominative singular)
Antarktydy (genitive singular)
Antarktydzie (dative singular)
Antarktydę (accusative singular)
Antarktydą (instrumental singular)
Antarktydzie (locative singular)
Antarktydo (singular vocative)

Internationalism; compare Italian Antartide, Portuguese Antártida, Romanian Antarctida, Russian Антаркти́да (Antarktída), Spanish Antártida. More distantly cognate to English Antarctica. Doublet of Antarktyka.


Azory

Azory nvir pl (related adjective azorski)

azorski (adjective)
Azory (nominative plural)
Azorów (genitive plural)
Azorom (dative plural)
Azory (accusative plural)
Azorami (instrumental plural)
Azorach (locative plural)
Azory (plural vocative)

Azores (an archipelago and autonomous region of Portugal)


Czarnobyl

Czarnobyl m inan (related adjective czarnobylski)

czarnobylski (adjective)
Czarnobyl (nominative singular)
Czarnobyla (genitive singular)
Czarnobylowi (dative singular)
Czarnobyl (accusative singular)
Czarnobylem (instrumental singular)
Czarnobylu (locative singular)
Czarnobylu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ukrainian Чорно́биль (Čornóbylʹ). Compare Old Polish czarnobyl.

bor+

Chernobyl (a city in Vyshhorod, Ukraine)


Galicja

Galicja (nominative singular)
Galicji (genitive singular)
Galicji (dative singular)
Galicję (accusative singular)
Galicją (instrumental singular)
Galicji (locative singular)
Galicjo (singular vocative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Gallicia, from Latin Gallaecia, from Gallaecī.

lbor

Galicia (an autonomous community of Spain)


Grenlandia

Grenlandia (nominative singular)
Grenlandii (genitive singular)
Grenlandii (dative singular)
Grenlandię (accusative singular)
Grenlandią (instrumental singular)
Grenlandii (locative singular)
Grenlandio (singular vocative)

Ultimately, from Old Norse Grœnland (“Greenland”), from grœnn (“green”) + land (“land”).

Greenland (a large self-governing island and dependent territory of Denmark, in North America)


Hawaje

Hawaje (nominative plural)
Hawajów (genitive plural)
Hawajom (dative plural)
Hawaje (accusative plural)
Hawajami (instrumental plural)
Hawajach (locative plural)
Hawaje (plural vocative)

Borrowed from English Hawaii, from Hawaiian Hawaiʻi, from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *Sawaiki (“traditional homeland”).