canopy

→ French: canopée (calque)

→ Spanish: canopy

From Middle English canapy, canepie, canapee, canape, canope, from Old French conopé, Medieval Latin canapeum, canopeum, from Latin cōnōpēum (“mosquito net, canopy”), from Ancient Greek κωνωπεῖον (kōnōpeîon, “mosquito net”), from Ancient Greek κώνωψ (kṓnōps, “mosquito”), of uncertain origin. More at Ancient Greek κώνωψ (kṓnōps). Doublet of canapé and conopeum.

golden canopies and beds of state

1847, John Dryden, The Works of John Dryden in Verse and Prose, volume 1, Harper, The Beginning of the Second Book of Lucretius:

Platforms would be widened and covered by canopies with heated waiting areas for passengers.

2019 October, “Consultation on University Station designs”, in Modern Railways, page 17:

A high cover providing shelter, such as a cloth supported above an object, particularly over a bed.

Any overhanging or projecting roof structure, typically over entrances or doors.

навес

In an airplane, the transparent cockpit cover.

In a parachute, the cloth that fills with air and thus limits the falling speed.


ตะเกียบ

th-noun

ตะเกียบ • (dtà-gìiap)

Possibly from Khmer តង្កៀប (tɑɑtɑngkiəp, “pliers; tongs”) or Mon သ္ကေပ်. Compare another Khmer ថ្កៀប (thkiəp), Lao ຕະຂຽບ (ta khīap), Lü ᦑᦰᦵᦆᧇ (t!xeb), Hlai tiep.

bor

(architecture) pair of poles fixed into the ground for the purpose of bracing another pole.


pilar

From Dutch pilaar, from Medieval Latin pīlāre, from Latin pīla (“a pillar”).

(architecture) a large post, often used as supporting architecture


invert

(architecture) An inverted arch (as in a sewer).


apse

From Latin apsis, hapsis, from Ancient Greek ἁψίς (hapsís, “arch, vault”), from ἅπτω (háptō, “I bind, join”).

der

The draughtsman could not have held the sheet with the apse at the tip, for then, instead of shading away from the edge, most of his hatched lines would begin in the uncharted middle ground of a shadeable area, to strike against the contour; […]

1960, Leo Steinberg, San Carlo Alle Quattro Fontane: A Study in Multiple Form and Architectural Symbolism:

(architecture) A semicircular projection from a building, especially the rounded east end of a church that contains the altar.


atrium

From Latin ātrium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

(architecture) A central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings.

(architecture) A square hall lit by daylight from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels.


atrium

From Dutch atrium, from Latin ātrium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

(architecture) a central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings


atrium

atrium n (definite singular atriet, indefinite plural atrier, definite plural atria or atriene)

atriet (definite singular)
atrier (indefinite plural)
atria (definite plural)
atriene (definite plural)


atrium

atrium n (definite singular atriet, indefinite plural atrium, definite plural atria)

atriet (definite singular)
atrium (indefinite plural)
atria (definite plural)


atrium

atrium (nominative singular)
atria (nominative plural)
atrium (genitive singular)
atriów (genitive plural)
atrium (dative singular)
atriom (dative plural)
atrium (accusative singular)
atria (accusative plural)
atrium (instrumental singular)
atriami (instrumental plural)
atrium (locative singular)
atriach (locative plural)
atrium (singular vocative)
atria (plural vocative)

(architecture) atrium (a square hall lit by daylight from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels)

(architecture, Ancient Rome) atrium (a central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings)


camber

From Old French cambre (“bent”), from Latin camurum, from camur (“arched”).

(architecture) An upward concavity in the underside of a beam, girder, or lintel; also, a slight upward concavity in a straight arch.


canto

From Latin canthus or Vulgar Latin *cantus, from Ancient Greek κανθός (kanthós, “corner of the eye”).

(architecture) type of stone used in the corners of a building


cove

From Middle English cove, from Old English cofa (“chamber; den”), from Proto-West Germanic *kobō, from Proto-Germanic *kubô. Cognate with German Koben, Swedish kova. This word has probably survived as long as it has due to its coincidental phonetic resemblance to the unrelated word English cave. Also unrelated to Spanish cueva, which itself is a cognate of cave.

(architecture) A concave vault or archway, especially the arch of a ceiling.


cove

en-verb

cove (third-person singular simple present coves, present participle coving, simple past and past participle coved)

coves (present singular third-person)
coving (participle present)
coved (participle past)
coved (past)

The mosques and other buildings of the Arabians are rounded into domes and coved roofs.

1779, Henry Swinburne, Travels through Spain:

(architecture) To arch over; to build in a hollow concave form; to make in the form of a cove.


cusp

From Latin cuspis (“a point, spear, pointed end”); first used in astrology. Doublet of cuspid and cuspis.

bor

(architecture) A point made by the intersection of two curved lines or curved structures, a common motif in Gothic architecture.


dor

dōr (canonical neuter)
dōr (nominative singular)
dōru (nominative plural)
dōr (accusative singular)
dōru (accusative plural)
dōres (genitive singular)
dōra (genitive plural)
dōre (dative singular)
dōrum (dative plural)

Middle English: dor, dore

English: door

From Proto-West Germanic *dor.
Cognate with Old Saxon dor, Old High German tor (German Tor (“gate”)), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂 (daur). The Germanic word also existed with the stem *durz (see Old English duru, German Tür). Indo-European cognates include Greek θυρα (thyra), Latin foris, Lithuanian dùrys, Old Church Slavonic двьрь (dvĭrĭ) (Russian дверь (dverʹ)).


joggle

From jog (noun) + -le (diminutive ending).

(architecture) A notch or tooth in the joining surface of any piece of building material to prevent slipping.


joggle

en-verb

joggle (third-person singular simple present joggles, present participle joggling, simple past and past participle joggled)

joggles (present singular third-person)
joggling (participle present)
joggled (participle past)
joggled (past)

The struts of a roof are joggled into the truss posts.

1842, Joseph Gwilt, Encyclopaedia of Architecture:

(architecture, transitive) To join by means of joggles, so as to prevent sliding apart; sometimes, loosely, to dowel.


lavabo

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-lavabo.wav

From the Christian ritual, which was traditionally accompanied in Catholicism by a recitation of Psalm 25:6 (Psalm 26:6, in the Hebrew and in most modern translations) which in Latin begins with the word lavābō (“I will wash”). The sense of "room with a toilet" developed under the influence of lavatory and lav.

(architecture) A trough used for washing at some medieval monasteries.


louver

louvers (plural)
loover (alternative archaic)
louvre (alternative UK mainly)
lover (alternative obsolete)
lovour (alternative obsolete)
luffer (alternative)

Inherited from Middle English lover, from Old French lovier, lover (“skylight”), from Medieval Latin *lōdārium (attested as lōvārium), extension of lōdium, of unclear origin, but probably of Germanic origin and related to Frankish *laubijā (“shelter”).

But darknesse dred and daily night did hover / Through all the inner parts, wherein they dwelt; / Ne lightned was with window, nor with lover, / But with continuall candle-light […].

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto X”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

A type of turret on the roof of certain medieval buildings designed to allow ventilation or the admission of light.


nave

Ultimately from Latin nāvem, singular accusative of nāvis, possibly via a Romance source. Doublet of nef and nau.

Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […], down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

(architecture) The middle or body of a church, extending from the transepts to the principal entrances.

(architecture) The ground-level middle cavity of a barn.


nave

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese nave, from Latin nāvis, nāvem.


nave

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese nave, from Latin nāvis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us. Doublet of nau.


nave

Inherited from Old Spanish naf, naue, from Latin nāvem, nāvis, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us. Cognate with English nave, navigate, and navy.


newel

From Anglo-Norman nuel, Middle French nuel, of uncertain origin.

(architecture) A central pillar around which a staircase spirals.

We went along the hall to the end and up a flight of stairs with a carved handrail and newel post.

1943, Raymond Chandler, The High Window, Penguin, published 2005, page 238:

(architecture) A sturdy pillar at the top or bottom of a flight of stairs, supporting the handrail.


sima

From the Ancient Greek σιμός (simós, “bent upwards”).

der

(architecture) The upturned edge of a roof which acts as a gutter; a cyma.


talus

(architecture) The slope of an embankment wall, which is thicker at the bottom than at the top.


volta

From the verb voltar (“to turn, spin around”).

(architecture) vault (an arched masonry structure supporting and forming a ceiling)


volta

→ German: Volte

→ Swedish: volt

→ Finnish: voltti

→ Greek: βόλτα (vólta, “turn, walk”)

→ Hungarian: bolt (“shop”)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: اولته (olta), اولطه (olta)
Turkish: olta
→ Armenian: օլթա (ōltʻa)

→ Slavomolisano: vota

→ Turkish: volta

Inherited from Vulgar Latin root *volta, from *volŭta (perhaps via *volvita (“a turn”)), from the feminine form of Latin volūtus, perfect passive participle of volvō. Also possibly from the past participle of volgere (volto), or from the verb voltare. Compare Spanish vuelta; cf. also Spanish bóveda, French voûte.


withe

From Middle English withe, withthe, from Old English wiþe, wiþþe (“cord, band, thong, fetter”), from Proto-Germanic *wiþiz, *wiþjǭ (“cord, rope”), from Proto-Indo-European *wéh₁itis (“that which twines”), from *weyt- (“that which winds or bends, branch, switch”), from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, wind, bend”). Cognate with Danish vidje (“wicker”), Swedish vidja (“withe, wicker, osier”), Icelandic við, viðja (“a withe”), Latin vītis (“vine”), Russian ветвь (vetvʹ, “branch, bough, limb”). Doublet of vice (“a type of tool, etc.”). The brickwork and chimney architecture senses may have a different etymology, see wythe.

doublet

... chimney space, and the joints of any two adjoining sets of flue linings shall be offset at least 7 inches. When there are more than two flues in a chimney, each third flue shall be separated from the others by a withe or division[…]

1920, National Board of Fire Underwriters. Committee on Construction of Buildings, An ordinance for construction of chimneys suitable for use in cities and towns of any size or as a state law, page 5:

... flue intended for a heating furnace or boiler connection, or for a fireplace, shall be separated from other flues by such a withe. In hollow tile chimneys the withe may be of tile.

1922, Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning Guide, page 40:

... flues should be separated by a 4-inch-wide brick spacer (withe) between them (fig. 170, A). The greater the difference in temperature between chimney gases and outside atmosphere, the better the draft.

2002, L. O. Anderson, Wood - Frame House Construction, The Minerva Group, Inc., →ISBN, page 182:

(architecture) Alternative spelling of wythe (“partition between flues in a chimney”).


oblique arch

(architecture) An arch whose span is not at right angles to the face.


brace

English: brace

Scots: brace

From Old French brace, from Latin bracchia, plural of bracchium.

brase (alternative)
braas (alternative)
bras (alternative)

(rare) A support or buttress used in other applications.


cavalier

First appears c. 1562 in a translation by Peter Whitehorne. Borrowed from Middle French cavalier (“horseman”), itself borrowed from Old Italian cavaliere (“mounted soldier, knight”), borrowed from Old Occitan cavalier, from Late Latin caballārius (“horseman”), from Latin caballus (“horse”), probably from Gaulish caballos 'nag', variant of cabillos (compare Welsh ceffyl, Breton kefel, Irish capall), akin to German (Swabish) Kōb 'nag' and Old Church Slavonic кобꙑла (kobyla) 'mare'. Previous English forms include cavalero and cavaliero. Doublet of caballero and chevalier.

der

(architecture) A defensive work rising from a bastion, etc., and overlooking the surrounding area.


champ

Borrowed from French champ m (“field”). Doublet of campus and camp.

(architecture, obsolete or rare) The field or ground on which carving appears in relief.


chimera

chimeras (plural)
chimaera (alternative archaic)
chimæra (alternative archaic)
chimere (alternative obsolete)
chymera (alternative obsolete)
chemera (alternative obsolete)
chymæra (alternative obsolete)

monolith

antonym(s) of “anything composed of very disparate parts”

Variant of Middle English chimere, chymere, & chymera under renewed Latin influence from the 16th century, from French chimère, from Latin Chimaera, from Ancient Greek Χίμαιρα (Khímaira, “fire-breathing mythological monster, fire-spewing Lycian or Cilician mountain”), from χίμαιρα (khímaira, “she-goat”, from χίμαρος (khímaros, “male goat”) + -α (-a)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey-. In reference to the fish, directly from Latin Chimaera, used by Linnaeus. In reference to organisms with distinct areas of different genetic makeups, a calque of German Chimäre, used by Hans Winkler in 1907.

af

A chimera is essentially a hybrid animal made up of various animal parts. The famous parapet chimeras on the north tower of Notre Dame in Paris, especially the brooding double-horned fellow with protruding tongue on the west parapet originally assumed to relate to a thirteenth-century model, are classic examples.

2016, Thomas A. Fudgé, “Gargoyles and Glimpses of Forgotten Worlds”, in Medieval Religion and Its Anxieties: History and Mystery in the Other Middle Ages (The New Middle Ages), New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, →DOI, →ISBN, page 91:

(architecture) A grotesque like a gargoyle, but without a spout for rainwater.


drift

en-noun

drift (countable and uncountable, plural drifts)

From Middle English drift, dryft (“act of driving, drove, shower of rain or snow, impulse”), from Old English *drift (“drift”), from Proto-Germanic *driftiz (“drift”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”). Equivalent to drive + -t; cognate with North Frisian drift (“drift”), Saterland Frisian Drift (“current, flow, stream, drift”), Dutch drift (“drift, passion, urge”), German Drift (“drift”) and Trift (“drove, pasture”), Danish drift (“impulse, instinct”), Swedish drift (“impulse, instinct”), Icelandic drift (“drift, snow-drift”).

cog

(architecture) The horizontal thrust or pressure of an arch or vault upon the abutments.


elevation

en-noun

elevation (countable and uncountable, plural elevations)

/ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃən/

From Old French elevation, from Latin elevatio, equal to elevate + -ion.

(architecture) A geometrical projection of a building, or other object, on a plane perpendicular to the horizon; orthographic projection on a vertical plane; called by the ancients the orthography.


foundation

foundation (countable and uncountable, plural foundations)

From Middle English foundacioun, fundacioun, from Old French fondacion, from Latin fundātiō (“founding, foundation”).

The foundations of this construction have been laid out.

“Marge Gets A Job” opens with the foundation of the Simpson house tilting perilously to one side, making the family homestead look like the suburban equivalent of the Leaning Tower Of Pisa.

2012 May 20, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Marge Gets A Job” (season 4, episode 7; originally aired 11/05/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:

(architecture) The lowest and supporting part or member of a wall, including the base course and footing courses; in a frame house, the whole substructure of masonry.


fret

en-verb

fret (third-person singular simple present frets, present participle fretting, simple past and past participle fretted)

frets (present singular third-person)
fretting (participle present)
fretted (participle past)
fretted (past)

From Middle English frēten (“to decorate”), from Old French freté, freter, fretter (“to fret (decorate with an interlacing pattern)”), from Old French fret (from fraindre (“to break”), from Latin frangō (“to break, shatter”), from Proto-Italic *frangō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”)) + Old French -er (suffix forming verbs) (from Latin -āre, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃enh₂- (“to burden, charge”)).

der

In a long purple pall, whose ſkirt with gold, / Was fretted all about, ſhe was arayd, [...]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 37, page 317:

(transitive) To decorate or ornament, especially with an interlaced or interwoven pattern, or (architecture) with carving or relief (raised) work.


frieze

From French and Middle French frise f, derived from an Upper Italian fris f, Medieval Latin frisum, frisium, frigium, frixum, frigium, of controversial origin, possibly from multiple sources, Arabic إِفْرِيز (ʔifrīz, “king beam, cornice”) and Latin opus Phrygium (“a kind of embroidery”, literally “work of Phrygia”), the demonym Frisian and terms related to the textile term above in a transferred sense.

work of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">Phrygia</i>

(architecture) That part of the entablature of an order which is between the architrave and cornice. It is a flat member or face, either uniform or broken by triglyphs, and often enriched with figures and other ornaments of sculpture.

frizë

architecture: space between architrave and cornice


frieze

en-verb

frieze (third-person singular simple present friezes, present participle friezing, simple past and past participle friezed)

friezes (present singular third-person)
friezing (participle present)
friezed (participle past)
friezed (past)

(transitive, architecture) To put a frieze on.


gather

gather (third-person singular simple present gathers, present participle gathering, simple past and past participle gathered)

gathers (present singular third-person)
gathering (participle present)
gathered (participle past)
gathered (past)
gether (alternative obsolete regional)

From Middle English gaderen, from Old English gaderian (“to gather, assemble”), from Proto-West Germanic *gadurōn (“to bring together, unite, gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, assemble, keep”).

der

(architecture) To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry, as for example where the width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to the width of the flue.

assemble

(to bring together): aggroup, togetherize; see also Thesaurus:round up; —to congregate


couple

couples (plural)
copel (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English couple, from Old French couple, from Latin cōpula. Doublet of copula.


couple

couples (plural)
couple (plural)
copill (alternative)
cople (alternative)
copull (alternative)
coupull (alternative)
cowpulle (alternative)
cupil (alternative)
cuple (alternative)
cupple (alternative)

English: couple

Scots: couple, kipple

Borrowed from Old French couple, from Latin cōpula.

(architecture) One of two opposing roof beams (or the two as a pair)


folly

en-noun

folly (countable and uncountable, plural follies)

Derived from Old French folie (“madness”), from the adjective fol (“mad, insane”).

der+

A luncheonette in the shape of a coffee cup is particularly conspicuous, as is intended of an architectural duck or folly.

“The Villa Straylight,” said a jeweled thing on the pedestal, in a voice like music, “is a body grown in upon itself, a Gothic folly. […]”

1984, William Gibson, chapter 14, in Neuromancer (Sprawl; book 1), New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, →ISBN, page 172:

It has been a long time since new follies were springing up across the great estates of Britain. But the owners of Doddington Hall, in Lincolnshire, have brought the folly into the 21st century, by building a 30ft pyramid in the grounds of the Elizabethan manor.

2014 September 7, “Doddington's garden pyramid is a folly good show”, in The Daily Telegraph, London:

A great deal of eccentricity was expressed through the trend for ruin follies. But it wasn’t only the madness of paranoid earls and fashionable landowners that was encoded in them.

2018 April 18, Paul Cooper, “Europe Was Once Obsessed With Fake Dilapidated Buildings”, in The Atlantic:

(architecture) A fanciful building built for purely ornamental reasons.


ledge

From Middle English legge; usually considered to be from Middle English leggen, a variant of leyen (“to put, lay (down, waste to)”).

(architecture) A (door or window) lintel.


meander

meanders (plural)
mæander (alternative archaic)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-meander.wav

From Latin Maeander, from Ancient Greek Μαίανδρος (Maíandros) – a river in Asia Minor (present day Turkey) known for its winding course (modern Turkish Menderes).

(architecture) A decorative border consisting of a repeated linear motif, particularly of intersecting perpendicular lines.


motive

From Middle English motif, from Anglo-Norman motif, Middle French motif, and their source, Late Latin motivum (“motive, moving cause”), neuter of motivus.

der

If you listen carefully, you can hear the flutes mimicking the cello motive.

(architecture, fine arts, music) Alternative form of motif.


rosette

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wardahder.?
Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon)bor.?
Latin rosalbor.
Old French rose
Latin -ittus
Old French -ete
Old French rosete
Middle French rosettebor.
Middle French rosette
French rosetteinflu.
English rosette
Borrowed from Middle French rosette (in sense 15) and (modern) French rosette.

розетка

architecture: element or ornament resembling a rose

розетка

imitation of a rose made of ribbon or other material

(architecture) An element or ornament resembling a rose, especially on a wall or other surface, mostly for decorative purposes.

(architecture, now uncommon) A rose window.


setback

Setbacks were initially used for structural reasons, but now are often mandated by land use codes.

(architecture) A step-like recession in a wall.


shell

From Middle English schelle, from Old English sċiell, from Proto-West Germanic *skallju, from Proto-Germanic *skaljō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cleave”).
Compare West Frisian skyl (“peel, rind”), Dutch schil (“peel, skin, rink”), Low German Schell (“shell, scale”), Irish scelec (“pebble”), Old Church Slavonic сколика (skolika, “shell”). More at shale.
Doublet of sheal.
* (computing): From being viewed as an outer layer of interface between the user and the operating-system internals.

cog

(architecture) Any slight hollow structure; a framework, or exterior structure, regarded as not complete or filled in, as the shell of a house.

buc

any hollow structure; framework, or exterior structure


span

From Middle English spanne, from Old English spann, from Proto-Germanic *spannō (“span, handbreadth”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to stretch”).
Cognate with Dutch span, spanne, German Spanne. The sense “pair of horses” is probably from Old English ġespan, ġespann (“a joining; a fastening together; clasp; yoke”), from Proto-West Germanic [Term?]. Cognate with Dutch gespan, German Gespann.

der

The force of the explosion demolished one pair of piers and two spans of the bridge crashed down into the river on top of the barges.

1961 January, “Talking of Trains: The Severn Bridge disaster”, in Trains Illustrated, page 5:

(architecture, construction) The spread or extent of an arch or between its abutments, or of a beam, girder, truss, roof, bridge, or the like, between supports.

(architecture, construction) The length of a cable, wire, rope, chain between two consecutive supports.


spandrel

spandrels (plural)
spandril (alternative)

From a diminutive in -el of Anglo-Norman spaundre, of uncertain origin, perhaps from Old French espandre (“to expand, extend, spread”). More at spawn, expand.
In the field of biology first used by Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin.

2002, Kerstin Lang, Seismic Vulnerability of Existing Buildings, vdf Hochschulverlag AG, page 25,
Due to the fact that the walls are joined by floors and spandrels, a coupling effect is produced. Depending on the extent of the spandrels, this coupling effect will be bigger or smaller.

(architecture) Horizontal member between the windows of successive storeys of a tall building.

(architecture) The triangular space under a stair; the material that fills the space.

(Philippines, construction, architecture) soffit (usually used to describe metal or corrugated plastic types of roof soffit)


stack

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-stack.wav

From Middle English stack, stacke, stakke, stak, from Old Norse stakkr (“a barn; haystack; heap; pile”), from Proto-Germanic *stakkaz (“a barn; rick; haystack”).
The data structure sense is a calque of Dutch stapel, introduced by Edsger W. Dijkstra. Cognate with Icelandic stakkur (“stack”), Swedish stack (“stack”), Danish stak (“stack”), Norwegian stakk (“stack”). Related to stake and sauna.

A TCP/IP stack is a library or set of libraries or of OS drivers that take care of networking.

(networking) An implementation of a protocol suite (set of protocols forming a layered architecture).

A number of flues embodied in one structure, rising above the roof.

(heading) In architecture.
A vertical drainpipe.


vignette

First attested in 1751. From French vignette, diminutive of vigne (“vine”), from Latin vīnea, from vīnum (“wine”). Replaced earlier Middle English vynet.

(architecture) A running ornament consisting of leaves and tendrils, used in Gothic architecture.

винетка

running ornament used in Gothic architecture


gargoyle

From Old French gargouille, from Latin, and native Old English swillan (“to gargle”), from Proto-West Germanic *swilljan, from Proto-Germanic *swiljaną (“to gulp, swallow”), from Proto-Indo-European *swel- (“to drink, gulp, swallow”). Doublet of gargle. The Académie Française suggests the first attestation as gargoule in 1294.

der

Above all, in what reckless moment had she encouraged that person and her gargoyle of a mother to move to Mayfair, and set up house around the corner?


caisson

Borrowed from French caisson. Doublet of cassone and cajón.


hors-d'œuvre

(architecture) extension, appurtenance (room of a building that is not part of the main structure)


hors-d'œuvre

(architecture) stand-alone (standing apart from the main body of a building)


supercilium

Borrowed from Latin supercilium (“eyebrow; brow, ridge; pride, arrogance”).

bor

(architecture, classical) The narrow fillet above the cymatium of a cornice.

A fillet above and below the scotia of an Attic base.

The lintel or transverse part of a door frame.


mentum

la-noun

mentum n (genitive mentī); second declension

mentī (genitive)
mentum (nominative singular)
menta (nominative plural)
mentī (genitive singular)
mentōrum (genitive plural)
mentō (dative singular)
mentīs (dative plural)
mentum (accusative singular)
menta (accusative plural)
mentō (ablative singular)
mentīs (ablative plural)
mentum (singular vocative)
menta (plural vocative)

Vulgar Latin: *mentō, *mentōnem

Italo-Romance:

Italian: mento

Sicilian: mentu

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: manton, menton

Piedmontese: manton, menton

Gallo-Romance:

desctree

Old French: menton, mentun
French: menton
→ English: menton
→ Esperanto: mentono
Ido: mentono
→ Spanish: mentón

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: mentó

Occitan: menton

→ English: mentum (learned)

→ Portuguese: mento (learned)

From Proto-Italic *məntom, from Proto-Indo-European *mn̥tós (“protruding”), from *men- (“to project”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *munþaz.

Reliqua spatia, quod latiores sint metopae quam triglyphi, pura relinquantur aut numina scalpantur, ad ipsumque mentum coronae incidatur linea quae scotia dicitur.

c. 15 BCE, Vitruvius, De architectura 4.3.6

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(transferred sense, architecture) the projecting part of a cornice casting off the rain, the coping


saddlebag

saddlebags (plural)
saddle bag (alternative)
saddle-bag (alternative)

/ˈsædəlˌbæɡ/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-saddlebag.wav

(architecture) A style of house with two rooms separated by a small hall and open space.


ponte

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese ponte f, from Latin pōns, pontem m. Compare Portuguese ponte f and Spanish puente m.

inh+

(nautical) bridge; the deck from which a ship is controlled

long weekend; a day which falls between two work-free days (holidays or weekend days), on which leave is preferred


pedestal

Borrowed from Middle French piédestal, itself borrowed from Italian piedistallo (literally “foot stand”). Spelling influenced by Latin pēs, pedem.

der

(architecture) The base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp.

voetstuk

the base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp, or the like


pedestal

(architecture) pedestal (the base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp, or the like)


pedestal

[pɨ.ðɨʃˈtaɫ]

[pɨ.ðɨʃˈtaɫ]


module

Borrowed from French module, from Latin modulus (“a small measure, a measure, mode, meter”), diminutive of modus (“measure”) (whence mode). Doublet of modulus and mold.

(architecture) A standard unit of measure used for determining the proportions of a building.

moduulimitta

architecture: standard unit of measure for determining the proportions of a building


shul

sq-noun

shul m (plural shule, definite shuli, definite plural shulet)

shule (plural)
shuli (definite)
shulet (definite plural)
shul (indefinite nominative singular)
shuli (definite nominative singular)
shule (indefinite nominative plural)
shulet (definite nominative plural)
shul (accusative indefinite singular)
shulin (accusative definite singular)
shule (accusative indefinite plural)
shulet (accusative definite plural)
shuli (dative indefinite singular)
shulit (dative definite singular)
shuleve (dative indefinite plural)
shuleve (dative definite plural)
shuli (ablative indefinite singular)
shulit (ablative definite singular)
shulesh (ablative indefinite plural)
shuleve (ablative definite plural)

From Proto-Albanian *kśul(V)n, from Proto-Indo-European *kseulo. Compare Ancient Greek ξύλον (xúlon, “timber, beam”). Most support a
Proto-Albanian origin. whereas Orel, on the other hand, considers a South Slavic origin; compare Serbo-Croatian šȗlj (“block of wood”).


Säule

Säule (genitive)
Säulen (plural)
Säule (nominative singular)
Säulen (definite nominative plural)
Säule (genitive singular)
Säulen (definite genitive plural)
Säule (dative singular)
Säulen (dative definite plural)
Säule (accusative singular)
Säulen (accusative definite plural)

Danish: søjle

Norwegian: søyle

Plural of now dialectal Saul, from Old High German sūl, from Proto-West Germanic *sūli, from Proto-Germanic *sūliz. Cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍃 (sauls), English sile. More at sile.


cloister

en-verb

cloister (third-person singular simple present cloisters, present participle cloistering, simple past and past participle cloistered)

cloisters (present singular third-person)
cloistering (participle present)
cloistered (participle past)
cloistered (past)
cloistre (alternative)

Recorded since about 1300 as Middle English cloistre, borrowed from Old French cloistre, clostre, or via Old English clauster, both from Medieval Latin claustrum (“portion of monastery closed off to laity”), from Latin claustrum (“place shut in, bar, bolt, enclosure”), a derivation of the past participle of claudere (“to close”). Doublet of claustrum.

der

(intransitive) To become a Roman Catholic religious.


fillet

From Middle English filet, vylette, felet, filette, flette, from Old French filet, diminutive of fil (“thread”), from Latin fīlum (“thread”).

(architecture) The space between two flutings in a shaft.

harjanne

architecture: space between two flutings


dome

Borrowed from Middle French dome, domme (modern French dôme), from Italian duomo, from Latin domus (ecclesiae) (literally “house (of the church)”), a calque of Ancient Greek οἶκος τῆς ἐκκλησίας (oîkos tês ekklēsías). Doublet of domus and duomo.

cal

οἶκος τῆς ἐκκλησίας

geodesic dome

(architecture) A structural element resembling the hollow upper half of a sphere.


tidewater

en-noun

tidewater (countable and uncountable, plural tidewaters)

tidewaters (plural)
tide water (alternative)

(attributive, uncommon, architecture) A structure or house with large wraparound porches and hip roofs designed for wet and hot climates.


enfilade

(architecture) A series of doors that provide a vista when open.


enfilade

en-verb

enfilade (third-person singular simple present enfilades, present participle enfilading, simple past and past participle enfiladed)

enfilades (present singular third-person)
enfilading (participle present)
enfiladed (participle past)
enfiladed (past)

[…] the house had been boldly planned with a ball-room, so that, instead of squeezing through a narrow passage to get to it (as at the Chiverses’) one marched solemnly down a vista of enfiladed drawing-rooms (the sea-green, the crimson and the bouton d’or), seeing from afar the many-candled lustres reflected in the polished parquetry […]

1920, Edith Wharton, The Age of Innocence, Book 1, Chapter 3:

(architecture, transitive) To arrange (rooms or other structures) in a row.


screen

screens (plural)
skreen (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English scren, screne (“windscreen, firescreen”), from Anglo-Norman escren (“firescreen, the tester of a bed”), Old French escren, escrein, escran (modern French écran (“screen”)), from Middle Dutch scherm, from Old Dutch *skirm, from Proto-West Germanic *skirmi, from Proto-Germanic *skirmiz (“fur, shelter, covering, screen”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut, divide”).
Cognate with Dutch scherm (“screen”), German Schirm (“screen”). Doublet of scherm.
An alternative etymology derives Old French escren, escran from Old Dutch *scranc (“barrier”) (compare Middle Dutch schranc, schranke (“palisade, trellis, grid”), German Schrank (“cupboard, cabinet”), German Schranke (“fence”)), from Proto-West Germanic *skrank, from Proto-Germanic *skrankaz.

skerm

viewing area of electronic output device

(architecture) A dwarf wall or partition carried up to a certain height for separation and protection, as in a church, to separate the aisle from the choir, etc.


zoccolo

Borrowed from Italian zoccolo. Doublet of socle.


zoccolo

→ Catalan: sòcol

→ English: zoccolo

→ French: socle (see there for further descendants)

→ Occitan: sòcol

→ Polish: cokół

→ Russian: цоколь (cokolʹ)

From Latin socculus, diminutive of soccus (“sock, slipper”). Compare Spanish zócalo.


blueprint

blueprints (plural)
blue print (alternative)
blue-print (alternative)

From blue + print. Introduced by Sir John Herschel in 1842.

(architecture, engineering, by extension) A detailed technical drawing (now often in some electronically storable and transmissible form).


basilica

en-noun

basilica (plural basilicas or basilicae)

Borrowed from Latin basilica, from Ancient Greek βᾰσῐλῐκή (băsĭlĭkḗ), from βᾰσῐλῐκὴ στοά (băsĭlĭkḕ stoá, “royal hall”), ultimately from βασιλικός (basilikós, “royal”), from βασιλεύς (basileús, “king, chief”). Doublet of basoche.

(architecture) A Christian church building having a nave with a semicircular apse, side aisles, a narthex and a clerestory.


basilica

nl-noun

basilica f (plural basilica's, diminutive basilicaatje n)

basilica's (plural)
basilicaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Latin basilica, from Ancient Greek βασιλική (basilikḗ).


fara

fara (nominative singular)
farje (dual nominative)
fary (nominative plural)
fary (genitive singular)
farowu (dual genitive)
farow (genitive plural)
farje (dative singular)
faroma (dative dual)
faram (dative plural)
faru (accusative singular)
farje (accusative dual)
fary (accusative plural)
faru (instrumental singular)
faroma (dual instrumental)
farami (instrumental plural)
farje (locative singular)
faroma (dual locative)
farach (locative plural)

Borrowed from German Pfarre, from Late Latin parochia, from Ancient Greek παροικία (paroikía).


frontal

[fɾon̪ˈt̪ɑɫ]

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese frontal, a learned borrowing from Medieval Latin frontalis (“frontal”), from Latin frons.

lbor

(architecture) frontal (the façade of a building.)


crenelated molding

en-noun

crenelated molding (plural crenelated moldings)

crenelated moldings (plural)
crenellated moulding (alternative)

(architecture) A kind of indented molding used in Norman buildings.


crenellated moulding

crenellated moulding (plural crenellated mouldings)

crenellated mouldings (plural)
crenelated molding (alternative)

(architecture) A kind of indented moulding used in Norman buildings.


drum

Perhaps back-formation from drumslade (“drummer”), from Middle Dutch trommelslach (“drumbeat”), from trommel (“drum”) + slach (“beat”) (Dutch slag).
Or perhaps borrowed directly from a continental Germanic language; compare Middle Dutch tromme (“drum”), Middle Low German trumme (“drum”) et al. Compare also Middle High German trumme, trumbe (“drum”), Old High German trumba (“trumpet”).

back-form

(architecture) The encircling wall that supports a dome or cupola.

(architecture) Any of the cylindrical blocks that make up the shaft of a pillar.


castelo

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese castelo, from Latin castellum, diminutive of castrum (“fort”).

inh+

(architecture) castle (fortified stronghold)


mold

en-noun

mold (countable and uncountable, plural molds)

molds (plural)
mould (alternative Commonwealth)

From Middle English molde (“mold, cast”), from Old French modle, mole, from Latin modulus, from Latin modus. Doublet of module, modulus, and model.

the arch mold of a porch or doorway;  the pier mold of a Gothic pier, meaning the whole profile, section, or combination of parts


modulus

la-noun

modulus m (genitive modulī); second declension

modulī (genitive)
modulus (nominative singular)
modulī (nominative plural)
modulī (genitive singular)
modulōrum (genitive plural)
modulō (dative singular)
modulīs (dative plural)
modulum (accusative singular)
modulōs (accusative plural)
modulō (ablative singular)
modulīs (ablative plural)
module (singular vocative)
modulī (plural vocative)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *modellus

Italian: modello (see there for further descendants)

Venetan: modèl

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: mòdul, mòdol

→ English: modulus

desctree

→ French: module
→ Dutch: module, moduul
→ Indonesian: modul

→ English: module
→ Romanian: modul
→ Turkish: modül

→ German: Model

→ Italian: modulo

→ Occitan: mòtle

→ Old Catalan: motle

Catalan: motlle

→ Spanish: molde

→ Portuguese: molde

→ Old French: modle, mole

French: moule

→ Middle English: molde, moolde, moulde

English: mold, mould

Scots: muild

→ Polish: moduł

→ Portuguese: módulo

→ Russian: мо́дуль (módulʹ)

→ Spanish: módulo

From modus (“measure; manner, way”) + -ulus (diminutive suffix).

af

diminutive of modus (“measure, metre, mode; method”):


tectonics

Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”).

(architecture) The science and art of assembling, shaping, or ornamenting materials in construction.


corridor

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-corridor.wav

Borrowed from French corridor, from Italian corridore (“long passage”) (= corridoio), from correre (“to run”).

Airspace restricted for the passage of aircraft.


halo

eo-head

halo (accusative singular halon, plural haloj, accusative plural halojn)

halon (accusative singular)
haloj (plural)
halojn (accusative plural)

Of Germanic origin; related to German Halle, Dutch hal, also to Norwegian hall and Swedish hall.


shank

From Middle English schanke, from Old English sċanca (“leg”), from Proto-West Germanic *skankō, from Proto-Germanic *skankô (compare West Frisian skonk, Dutch schenkel, Low German Schanke, German Schenkel (“shank, leg”), Danish skank, Norwegian skank, Swedish skänkel), from *skankaz (compare Old Norse skakkr (“wry, crooked”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng- (compare Middle Irish scingim (“I spring”), Ancient Greek σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”).

(architecture) The space between two channels of the Doric triglyph.


abacule

Learned borrowing from Latin abaculus, a diminutive of abacus (“panel”).

(art and architecture) a mosaic tessera; tessella; abaculus


housing

en-noun

housing (countable and uncountable, plural housings)

From Middle English housynge, housinge, from housen (“to house, shelter; receive into one's house”), equivalent to house + -ing. Cognate with Scots housing (“housing”); compare Dutch huizing, behuizing (“housing”), Low German husing, hüsing (“housing”), German Behausung (“housing”).

(architecture) The space taken out of one solid to admit the insertion of part of another, such as the end of one timber in the side of another.


pagoda

pagoda (nominative singular)
pagody (nominative plural)
pagody (genitive singular)
pagod (genitive plural)
pagodě (dative singular)
pagodám (dative plural)
pagodu (accusative singular)
pagody (accusative plural)
pagodo (singular vocative)
pagody (plural vocative)
pagodě (locative singular)
pagodách (locative plural)
pagodou (instrumental singular)
pagodami (instrumental plural)


pagoda

pagodák (plural)
pagoda (nominative singular)
pagodák (nominative plural)
pagodát (accusative singular)
pagodákat (accusative plural)
pagodának (dative singular)
pagodáknak (dative plural)
pagodával (instrumental singular)
pagodákkal (instrumental plural)
pagodáért (causal-final singular)
pagodákért (causal-final plural)
pagodává (singular translative)
pagodákká (plural translative)
pagodáig (singular terminative)
pagodákig (plural terminative)
pagodaként (essive-formal singular)
pagodákként (essive-formal plural)
pagodában (inessive singular)
pagodákban (inessive plural)
pagodán (singular superessive)
pagodákon (plural superessive)
pagodánál (adessive singular)
pagodáknál (adessive plural)
pagodába (illative singular)
pagodákba (illative plural)
pagodára (singular sublative)
pagodákra (plural sublative)
pagodához (allative singular)
pagodákhoz (allative plural)
pagodából (elative singular)
pagodákból (elative plural)
pagodáról (delative singular)
pagodákról (delative plural)
pagodától (ablative singular)
pagodáktól (ablative plural)
pagodáé (singular)
pagodáké (plural)
pagodáéi (singular)
pagodákéi (plural)
pagodám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
pagodáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
pagodád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
pagodáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
pagodája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
pagodái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
pagodánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
pagodáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
pagodátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
pagodáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
pagodájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
pagodáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


pagoda

From Portuguese pagode, which is via Malayalam പകോതി (pakōti) from Sanskrit भगवती (Bhagavatī, name of a goddess) or भागवत (Bhāgavata, “follower of Bhagavatī”).


pagoda

pagoda (nominative singular)
pagodas (nominative plural)
pagodas (genitive singular)
pagodu (genitive plural)
pagodai (dative singular)
pagodām (dative plural)
pagodu (accusative singular)
pagodas (accusative plural)
pagodu (instrumental singular)
pagodām (instrumental plural)
pagodā (locative singular)
pagodās (locative plural)
pagoda (singular vocative)
pagodas (plural vocative)


pagoda

pàgoda (canonical feminine)
па̀года (Cyrillic)
pagoda (nominative singular)
pagode (nominative plural)
pagode (genitive singular)
pagoda (genitive plural)
pagodi (dative singular)
pagodama (dative plural)
pagodu (accusative singular)
pagode (accusative plural)
pagodo (singular vocative)
pagode (plural vocative)
pagodi (locative singular)
pagodama (locative plural)
pagodom (instrumental singular)
pagodama (instrumental plural)


patio

nl-noun

patio m (plural patio's, diminutive patiootje n)

patio's (plural)
patiootje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Spanish patio, possibly via English or French patio. Doublet of pact and pacht.


patio

patio (nominative singular)
patia (nominative plural)
patia (genitive singular)
patiów (genitive plural)
patiu (dative singular)
patiom (dative plural)
patio (accusative singular)
patia (accusative plural)
patiem (instrumental singular)
patiami (instrumental plural)
patiu (locative singular)
patiach (locative plural)
patio (singular vocative)
patia (plural vocative)

(architecture) patio (inner courtyard typical of traditional Spanish houses)


bearing

From Middle English bering, beringe, berynge, equivalent to bear + -ing.

A lintel or beam may have four inches of bearing upon the wall.

(architecture) That part of any member of a building which rests upon its supports.

(architecture) The portion of a support on which anything rests.

The beam has twenty feet of bearing between its supports.

(architecture, proscribed) The unsupported span.


dado

From Italian dado, first attested in 1664.

(architecture) The section of a pedestal above the base.

Like a dado round the room was the jutting line of splendid heavy game-heads, the best of their sort from every quarter of the world, with the rare white rhinoceros of the Lado Enclave drooping its supercilious lip above them all.

1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

Hangings of tapestry were behind the high seats, worked with flowers, snake’s-head, snapdragon, dragon-mouth, and their kind; and on the dado below the windows were sculptures of birds and beasts and creeping things.

1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros: A Romance, London: Jonathan Cape […], →OCLC, page 3:

(architecture) The lower portion of an interior wall decorated differently from the upper portion.


dado

en-verb

dado (third-person singular simple present dadoes, present participle dadoing, simple past and past participle dadoed)

dadoes (present singular third-person)
dadoing (participle present)
dadoed (participle past)
dadoed (past)

(transitive, architecture) To furnish with a dado.


dado rail

A horizontal moulding fixed to an interior wall about 4-5 feet above the floor.


flyer

→ Finnish: flaijeri

→ French: flyer

→ German: Flyer

→ Korean: 플라이어 (peullaieo)

→ Portuguese: flyer

From fly + -er (agent noun suffix).
With regard to the sense "female kangaroo": because of the high speed at which they move.

(architecture) An arch that connects a flying buttress into the structure it supports.


exempt

ca-adj

exempt (feminine exempta, masculine plural exempts, feminine plural exemptes)

exempta (feminine)
exempts (masculine plural)
exemptes (feminine plural)

columnes exemptes


verge

Borrowed from Middle French verge (“rod or wand of office”), hence "scope, territory dominated", from Latin virga (“shoot, rod stick”), of unknown origin. Earliest attested sense in English is now-obsolete meaning "male member, penis" (c.1400). Modern sense is from the notion of 'within the verge' (1509, also as Anglo-Norman dedeinz la verge), i.e. "subject to the Lord High Steward's authority" (as symbolized by the rod of office), originally a 12-mile radius round the royal court, which sense shifted to "the outermost edge of an expanse or area." Doublet of virga.

bor

(architecture) The shaft of a column, or a small ornamental shaft.

The smaller ribs of tiles that run down to the eaves, along the ridges in a hip-roof, or border the verge in a gable-roof , often terminate in some ornamental tile in high-relief .

1885, Edward S. Morse, Japanese Homes and Their Surroundings:

(architecture) The eaves or edge of the roof that projects over the gable of a roof.


folk

From Middle English folk, from Old English folc, from Proto-West Germanic *folk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁-gós, from *pleh₁- (“to fill”).
Cognate with German Volk, Dutch volk, Swedish folk and Danish folk. Doublet of volk.

vok (alternative dialectal)
volk (alternative dialectal)
volge (alternative dialectal)
volke (alternative dialectal)

(architecture) Of or related to local building materials and styles.

شَعْبِيّ

of or related to local building materials and styles; not imported — see also vernacular


gallery

From Middle English galery, gallerye, from Middle French galerie, gallerie, from Old French galerie, gallerie (“a long portico, a gallery”), from Medieval Latin galeria (“gallery”), of unknown origin. Perhaps an alteration of Latin galilea (“church porch”), probably from Latin Galilaea, Galilee, region of Israel. More at Galilee.

unk

unknown origin

a gallery of image thumbnails

a clip-art gallery in a word processor

en:collection of images, icons, etc, in computing

(computing) A browsable collection of images, font styles, etc.


orthography

en-noun

orthography (countable and uncountable, plural orthographies)

/ɔːˈθɒɡɹəfi/

/ɔɹˈθɑɡɹəfi/

The noun is derived from Late Middle English ortografie, ortographie (“spelling”) [and other forms], and then either:
* from Anglo-Norman ortografie, Middle French orthographie, ortografie, ortographie (“correct spelling; orthographic projection”) (compare Old French ortografie; modern French orthographe (“spelling, orthography”), orthographie (“orthographic project, orthography”)); or
* from their etymon Latin orthographia (“correct spelling; building elevation”), from Koine Greek ὀρθογραφία (orthographía, “correct spelling”), from Ancient Greek ορθο- (ortho-, prefix meaning ‘right, proper; upright’) (from ὀρθός (orthós, “straight; erect, upright; correct, true”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (“to grow, increase; high; upright”)) + -γραφίᾱ (-graphíā, suffix meaning ‘drawing; writing’) (from γρᾰ́φω (grắphō, “to cut into, scratch; to write”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to carve”)).
The English word is analyzable as ortho- (prefix meaning ‘proper, right; straight’) + -graphy (suffix denoting something written or otherwise represented in a specified manner, or about a specified subject). The verb is derived from the noun. First use appears before c. 1460.
Cognates
* Catalan ortografia
* Italian ortografia
* Portuguese ortografia, orthografia (obsolete)
* Spanish ortografía

affix

Ichnography, by vvhich vve are to underſtand the very firſt Deſign and Ordinance of a VVork or Edifice, […] To this ſucceeds Orthography, or the erect elevation of the ſame in face or front deſcrib'd in meaſure upon the former Idea […]

1664, John Evelyn, “An Account of Architects & Architecture, together with an Historical, and Etymological Explanation of Certain Tearms Particularly Affected by Architects”, in Roland Freart [i.e., Roland Fréart de Chambray], translated by John Evelyn, A Parallel of the Antient Architecture with the Modern, […], London: […] Tho[mas] Roycroft, for John Place, […], →OCLC, part, page 122:

(countable, architecture) A form of projection used to represent three-dimensional objects in two dimensions, in which all the projection lines are orthogonal or perpendicular to the projection plane; an orthographic projection, especially when used to draw an elevation, vertical projection, etc., of a building; also (obsolete) a drawing made in this way.


veranda

verandák (plural)
veranda (nominative singular)
verandák (nominative plural)
verandát (accusative singular)
verandákat (accusative plural)
verandának (dative singular)
verandáknak (dative plural)
verandával (instrumental singular)
verandákkal (instrumental plural)
verandáért (causal-final singular)
verandákért (causal-final plural)
verandává (singular translative)
verandákká (plural translative)
verandáig (singular terminative)
verandákig (plural terminative)
verandaként (essive-formal singular)
verandákként (essive-formal plural)
verandában (inessive singular)
verandákban (inessive plural)
verandán (singular superessive)
verandákon (plural superessive)
verandánál (adessive singular)
verandáknál (adessive plural)
verandába (illative singular)
verandákba (illative plural)
verandára (singular sublative)
verandákra (plural sublative)
verandához (allative singular)
verandákhoz (allative plural)
verandából (elative singular)
verandákból (elative plural)
verandáról (delative singular)
verandákról (delative plural)
verandától (ablative singular)
verandáktól (ablative plural)
verandáé (singular)
verandáké (plural)
verandáéi (singular)
verandákéi (plural)
verandám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
verandáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
verandád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
verandáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
verandája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
verandái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
verandánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
verandáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
verandátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
verandáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
verandájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
verandáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


veranda

veranda (indefinite nominative singular)
verandas (genitive indefinite singular)
verandan (definite nominative singular)
verandans (definite genitive singular)
verandor (indefinite nominative plural)
verandors (genitive indefinite plural)
verandorna (definite nominative plural)
verandornas (definite genitive plural)

Borrowed from English veranda, from Hindi बरामदा (barāmdā), from Portuguese varanda.

(architecture) a porch, a veranda (outside extension of the bottom floor of a house, normally with a roof)


buc

From Frankish *būk (“belly”), from Proto-Germanic *būkaz (“belly, stomach”). Compare Spanish buque (“vessel”) and Italian buco (“hole”).

der

(architecture) the shell or outer walls enclosing a house or a staircase


areno

eo-head

areno (accusative singular arenon, plural arenoj, accusative plural arenojn)

arenon (accusative singular)
arenoj (plural)
arenojn (accusative plural)

From Latin arēna, reinforced by French arène, Russian аре́на (aréna), Polish, Italian, and English arena, German Arena, Yiddish אַרענע (arene).


arkitekturo

arkitekturo (uncountable, accusative arkitekturon)

arkitekturon (accusative)
arĥitekturo (alternative)


arkitekturo

Borrowing from Esperanto arĥitekturo, English architecture, French architecture, German Architektur, Italian architettura, Russian архитекту́ра (arxitektúra) and Spanish arquitectura.

bor

архитекту́ра


arko

eo-head

arko (accusative singular arkon, plural arkoj, accusative plural arkojn)

arkon (accusative singular)
arkoj (plural)
arkojn (accusative plural)


arko

Borrowed from Esperanto arko, English arc, French arc, German Arkus, Italian arco, Russian а́рка (árka), Spanish arco.

io-bor

(geometry, architecture, electrics) arch, arc


arko

arko (canonical)
arkó (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜓ (Baybayin)
arco (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish arco, from Latin arcus. Doublet of alakos.


balustrado

eo-head

balustrado (accusative singular balustradon, plural balustradoj, accusative plural balustradojn)

balustradon (accusative singular)
balustradoj (plural)
balustradojn (accusative plural)

From French balustrade, ultimately of Semitic origin.


pont

pontydd (plural)
pont
bont (soft)
mhont
phont

From Middle Welsh pont, from Old Welsh pont, from Proto-Brythonic *pont, a borrowing from Latin pōns, pontem. Cognate with Cornish pons, Breton pont.

A fo ben bid bont.

Let him who would be a leader be a bridge.


lantern

lanterns (plural)
lanthorn (alternative archaic)

→ Bengali: লন্ঠন (lonṭhon)

Hindi: लालटेन (lālṭen)

→ Irish: laindéar

→ Malay: lentera

Indonesian: lentera

→ Telugu: లాంతరు (lāntaru)

From Middle English lanterne (13th century), via Old French lanterne from Latin lanterna (“lantern”), itself a corruption of Ancient Greek λαμπτήρ (lamptḗr, “torch”) (see lamp, λάμπω (lámpō)) by influence of Latin lucerna (“lamp”). The spelling lanthorn was current during the 16th to 19th centuries and originates with a folk etymology associating the word with the use of horn as translucent cover. For the verb, compare French lanterner to hang at the lamppost. Displaced native Old English lēohtfæt (literally “light-container”).

ncog

(architecture) A cage or open chamber of rich architecture, open below into the building or tower which it crowns.

the lantern of the cupola of the Capitol at Washington, or that of the Florence cathedral

(architecture) A smaller and secondary cupola crowning a larger one, for ornament, or to admit light.

lanterne

a smaller and secondary cupola crowning a larger one


ciborium

/sɪˈbɔəɹɪəm/

From Medieval Latin cibōrium (“drinking-cup”), from Ancient Greek κιβώριον (kibṓrion, “the Egyptian water-lily’s cupulate seed pod”, or “a drinking-cup fashioned therefrom”).

der

(architecture) A fixed vaulted canopy over a Christian altar, supported on four columns.


console

(architecture) a projection from a wall supporting a superincumbent weight


console

desc

→ Armenian: քոնսոլ (kʻonsol), քոնցոլ (kʻoncʻol) — Constantinople

→ Catalan: consola

→ English: console

→ German: Konsole

→ Greek: κονσόλα (konsóla)

→ Ottoman Turkish: قونسول (konsol)

→ Turkish: konsol

→ Polish: konsola

Probably a shortened from consolateur, denoting the same architectural element, ultimately from consoler (“to console, to comfort”).

‘Puis, à mesure que la charpente métallique montait, […] les consoles et les corbeaux se chargeaient de sculptures.’

(architecture) a projection or spur on a wall, generally in the form of an "S", supporting a cornice, balcony etc.


balla

head

balla m (genitive singular balla, plural ballachan)

balla (genitive singular)
ballachan (plural)
balla (indefinite nominative singular)
ballachan (indefinite nominative plural)
balla (genitive indefinite singular)
bhallachan (genitive indefinite plural)
balla (dative indefinite singular)
ballachan (dative indefinite plural)
balla (definite nominative singular)
am balla (definite nominative singular)
ballachan (definite nominative plural)
na ballachan (definite nominative plural)
(a') bhalla (definite genitive singular)
ballachan (definite genitive plural)
nam ballachan (definite genitive plural)
(a') bhalla (dative definite singular)
ballachan (dative definite plural)
na ballachan (dative definite plural)
bhalla (definite singular vocative)
bhallachan (definite plural vocative)
balla
bhalla

From Middle Irish *balla, from Middle English wal, from Old English weall (“wall, dike”), from Proto-Germanic *wallaz, *wallą (“wall, rampart, entrenchment”), from Latin vallum (“wall, rampart, entrenchment, palisade”), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”).


oriel

From Middle English oriel, from Old French oriol (“gallery, corridor”), Late Latin oriolum (“portico, hall”), probably from Latin aureolus (“gilded”), applied to an apartment decorated with gilding. See oriole. Or a diminutive of Latin os (“mouth”).

The middle window of the oriel before her, just caught and reflected back the crimson light and colour. The ground below looked bright and warm compared with the shade around.

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XIV, in Romance and Reality. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 202:

The beams that thro' the Oriel shine / Make prisms in every carven glass, / And beaker brimm'd with noble wine.

1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Day-Dream. The Sleeping Palace.”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 151:

(architecture) A large polygonal recess in a building, such as a bay window, forming a protrusion on the outer wall.

еркер

recess in a building, protruding on the outer wall


oriel

cy-noun

oriel m or f (plural orielau or orielydd or orieli)

orielau (plural)
orielydd (plural)
orieli (plural)
oriel
horiel (prothesis-h)

From Middle English oriel, from Old French oriol (“gallery, corridor”), Late Latin oriolum (“portico, hall”), probably from Latin aureolus (“gilded”), applied to an apartment decorated with gilding.


facade

Borrowed from French façade, from Italian facciata, a derivation of faccia (“front”), from Latin faciēs (“face”); compare face.

In Egypt the façades of their rock-cut tombs were[…]ornamented so simply and unobtrusively as rather to belie than to announce their internal magnificence.

1865, James Fergusson, A History of Architecture in All Countries:

Like so many of the finest churches, [the cathedral of Siena] was furnished with a plain substantial front wall, intended to serve as the backing and support of an ornamental façade.

1880, Charles Eliot Norton, Historical Studies of Church-Building in the Middle Ages:

The house of Ruthven was a small but ultra-modern limestone affair, between Madison and Fifth ;[…]. As a matter of fact its narrow ornate façade presented not a single quiet space that the eyes might rest on after a tiring attempt to follow and codify the arabesques, foliations, and intricate vermiculations of what some disrespectfully dubbed as “near-aissance.”

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter V, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

Eight or so gunmen stood shoulder to shoulder in the gray-white trail before the barn, firing into the saloon's burning, bullet-pocked facade.

2005, Peter Brandvold, “Ghost Colts”, in Robert J. Randisi, editor, Lone Star Law, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 179:

(architecture) The face of a building, especially the front view or elevation.


weathering

en-noun

weathering (countable and uncountable, plural weatherings)

From Middle English wederyng, equivalent to weather + -ing.

(architecture) A slight inclination given to an approximately horizontal surface to enable it to throw off water.


wharf

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *hwerbaną
Proto-West Germanic *hwerban
Old English hweorfan
Middle English wharf
English wharf
From Middle English wharf, from Old English hwearf (“heap, embankment, wharf”); related to Old English hweorfan (“to turn”), Old Saxon hwerf (whence German Werft and Warft), Dutch werf, Old High German hwarb (“a turn”), hwerban (“to turn”), Old Norse hvarf (“circle”), and Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”).

inh

Commerce pushes its wharves into the sea.

1834–1874, George Bancroft, History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent, volume (please specify |volume=I to X), Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company [et al.], →OCLC:

Out upon the wharfs they came, / Knight and burgher, lord and dame, / And round the prow they read her name, / The Lady of Shalott.

1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Lady of Shalott”, in Poems. […], volume I, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, part IV, page 86:

(nautical) An artificial landing place for ships on a riverbank or shore.


skip

fo-noun

skip n (genitive singular skips, plural skip)

skips (genitive singular)
skip (plural)
skip (indefinite nominative singular)
skipið (definite nominative singular)
skip (indefinite nominative plural)
skipini (definite nominative plural)
skip (accusative indefinite singular)
skipið (accusative definite singular)
skip (accusative indefinite plural)
skipini (accusative definite plural)
skipi (dative indefinite singular)
skipinum (dative definite singular)
skipum (dative indefinite plural)
skipunum (dative definite plural)
skips (genitive indefinite singular)
skipsins (definite genitive singular)
skipa (genitive indefinite plural)
skipanna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse skip, from Proto-Germanic *skipą.


squinch

Alteration of earlier scunch (“back part of the side of an opening”), short for scuncheon.

(architecture) A structure constructed between two adjacent walls to aid in the transition from a polygonal to a circular structure, as when a dome is constructed on top of a square room.

trompa

structure between walls to transition to circular


squint

Derived from asquint (“obliquely, with a sidelong glance”).

(architecture) An opening, often arched, through an internal wall of a church, providing an oblique view of the altar.


hagioscope

From hagio- (“saint”) + -scope (“viewing instrument”).

confix

It appears that Drs. Jones and Freeman account for the arch over the hagioscope at St. David's by saying, though without citing authorities, that there was a door there originally.

1886, Miss M. A. R. Tucker, “St. David's”, in Walford's Antiquarian: A Magazine & Bibliographical Review:

(architecture) A small opening in an interior wall of a church, enabling those in the transept to view the high altar.


scupper

Uncertain. Perhaps from Middle English scope (“scoop”) or Dutch schop (“shovel”) + -er; or from Dutch scheppen (“to draw off”).

I have said that our roof was decidedly Biblical in style; but to make it a dry one, something of a nautical character was added to its architecture, for on either side were scuppers, and it was slightly arched in the centre[.]

1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 111:

(architecture) A similar opening in a wall or parapet that allows water to drain from a roof.

valumisaukko

architecture: drainage hole in a wall or parapet


MLA

MLAs (plural)
M.L.A. (alternative)
M. L. A. (alternative)

(architecture) Initialism of master of landscape architecture.


stria

(architecture) One of the fillets between the flutes of columns, etc.


stria

la-noun

stria f (genitive striae); first declension

striae (genitive)
stria (nominative singular)
striae (nominative plural)
striae (genitive singular)
striārum (genitive plural)
striae (dative singular)
striīs (dative plural)
striam (accusative singular)
striās (accusative plural)
striā (ablative singular)
striīs (ablative plural)
stria (singular vocative)
striae (plural vocative)

Italian: striscia (+ fascia)

→ Catalan: estria

→ English: stria

→ Italian: stria

→ Spanish: estría

→ Portuguese: estria

From Proto-Italic *strig-jā, from what looks like a cross of Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to brush, strip, shear”) and Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“to draw, tie”). Cognate to Latin striga, Latin stringō, English streak, German Striemen (“streak, stripe”), Old High German strimo, Dutch striem.

der

A furrow, channel, groove, hollow.
(architecture) The flute of a column.

A furrow, channel, groove, hollow.
The flute of a column.


obelisk

Hippodrome of Constantinople
Obelisk of Theodosius
Theodosius I
Thutmose III

From Middle French obelisque, from Latin obeliscus (“obelisk”), from Ancient Greek ὀβελίσκος (obelískos), diminutive of ὀβελός (obelós, “needle”). Compare obelus.

The Washington Monument is often described as an obelisk, and sometimes even as a "true obelisk," even though it is not. A true obelisk is a monolith, a pylon formed out of a single piece of stone.

2012 January, Henry Petroski, “The Washington Monument”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, page 16:

(architecture) A tall, square, tapered, stone monolith topped with a pyramidal point, frequently used as a monument.


obelisk

obèlisk (canonical masculine)
обѐлиск (Cyrillic)
obèlisk (nominative singular)
obèlisci (nominative plural)
obeliska (genitive singular)
obèlisāka (genitive plural)
obèliskā (genitive plural)
obelisku (dative singular)
obeliscima (dative plural)
obelisk (accusative singular)
obeliske (accusative plural)
obelišče (singular vocative)
obelisku (singular vocative)
obelisci (plural vocative)
obelisku (locative singular)
obeliscima (locative plural)
obeliskom (instrumental singular)
obeliscima (instrumental plural)


flourish

flourishes (plural)
florysh (alternative obsolete)
floryshe (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English floryschen, from Old French florir (via the arrhizotonic stem floriss-), from Late Latin flōrīre, from Latin flōrēre, from Latin flōrem (“flower”, noun). Corresponds to flower + -ish.

(architecture) A decorative embellishment on a building.


ogee

From Middle English *ogeve, egeve, egeove, from Old French œgive, ogive, augive, from Late Latin augiva, of uncertain origin; compare Late Latin ogis (“a support, prop”), Latin augeō (“to increase, strengthen”), Spanish auge (“highest point of power or fortune, apogee”). Doublet of ogive.

cog

At the centre of this façade of one story is a porch of two stories with a tall attic and a gable of ogee outline flanked by finials.

1905, Charles Herbert Moore, “Chapter 13”, in Character of Renaissance Architecture:

There is no pronounced ogee arch anywhere, though there is a suspicion of one where the open trefoils of the gables rest upon the containing arches. The tracery too of all the circles is geometrical, i.e., composed of simple curves; there is no flowing or ogee tracery with compound curves.

1910, Francis Bond, “Chapter 3”, in Wood Carvings in English Churches:

In front of the leading splasher the frame was given what is called an ogee bend outwards, [...].

1959 June, A. G. Dunbar, “The "Cardeans" of the Caledonian”, in Trains Illustrated, page 309:

(architecture) A double curve in the shape of an elongated S; an object of that shape.

(architecture) A pointed arch made from two ogees.


meta-

From Ancient Greek μετα- (meta-), from μετά (metá), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀕𐀲 (me-ta), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *meth₂ (“in the middle”).

noncog

(obsolete, architecture and zoology) Situated between two segments.


patro

patro (nominative singular)
patra (nominative plural)
patra (genitive singular)
pater (genitive plural)
patru (dative singular)
patrům (dative plural)
patro (accusative singular)
patra (accusative plural)
patro (singular vocative)
patra (plural vocative)
patře (locative singular)
patru (locative singular)
patrech (locative plural)
patrem (instrumental singular)
patry (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech patro, from Proto-Slavic *pętro.


tassel

tassels (plural)
tossel (alternative archaic)

From Middle English tassel, from Old French tassel, from Latin taxillus (“small cube”), from tālus (“ankle”).

(architecture) A piece of board that is laid upon a wall as a sort of plate, to give a level surface to the ends of floor timbers.


kiosk

kiosk (nominative singular)
kioski (nominative plural)
kiosku (genitive singular)
kiosków (genitive plural)
kioskowi (dative singular)
kioskom (dative plural)
kiosk (accusative singular)
kioski (accusative plural)
kioskiem (instrumental singular)
kioskami (instrumental plural)
kiosku (locative singular)
kioskach (locative plural)
kiosku (singular vocative)
kioski (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French kiosque, from Italian chiosco, from Ottoman Turkish كوشك (köşk), from Persian کوشک (kôšk, “palace, portico”), from Middle Persian kwšk' (kōšk).

(architecture) kiosk (Turkish garden pavillion)


hexastyle

From Ancient Greek ἑξάστυλος (hexástulos), from ἕξ (héx) + στῦλος (stûlos). hexa- + -style.

(architecture) having six columns at the front on the portico


hexastyle

(architecture) A temple or portico with six columns in front.


settlement

en-noun

settlement (countable and uncountable, plural settlements)

(architecture) The gradual sinking of a building. Fractures or dislocations caused by settlement.

слягане

(architecture) gradual sinking of a building


замок

ru-noun+

замо́к • (zamók) m inan (genitive замка́, nominative plural замки́, genitive plural замко́в, relational adjective замо́чный or замко́вый, diminutive замо́чек)

замо́к (canonical)
zamók (romanization)
замка́ (genitive)
замки́ (nominative plural)
замко́в (genitive plural)
замо́чный (adjective relational)
замко́вый (adjective relational)
замо́чек (diminutive)
замо́к (nominative singular)
замки́ (nominative plural)
замка́ (genitive singular)
замко́в (genitive plural)
замку́ (dative singular)
замка́м (dative plural)
замо́к (accusative singular)
замки́ (accusative plural)
замко́м (instrumental singular)
замка́ми (instrumental plural)
замке́ (prepositional singular)
замка́х (plural prepositional)
замо́къ (alternative)

→ Yakut: сомуок (somuok, “lock”)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zamъkъ, deverbal from *zamъknǫti (whence Russian замкну́ть (zamknútʹ)). Doublet of за́мок (zámok), a borrowing from Polish.


doras

head

doras m (genitive singular dorais, nominative plural doirse)

dorais (genitive singular)
doirse (nominative plural)
doras (indefinite nominative singular)
doirse (indefinite nominative plural)
a dhorais (indefinite singular vocative)
a dhoirse (indefinite plural vocative)
dorais (genitive indefinite singular)
doirse (genitive indefinite plural)
doras (dative indefinite singular)
doirse (dative indefinite plural)
an doras (definite nominative singular)
na doirse (definite nominative plural)
an dorais (definite genitive singular)
na ndoirse (definite genitive plural)
leis an doras (dative definite singular)
don doras (dative definite singular)
leis na doirse (dative definite plural)
doras
dhoras
ndoras
dorus (alternative obsolete)

/ˈd̪ˠʌɾˠəsˠ/

/ˈd̪ˠɔɾˠəsˠ/

/ˈd̪ˠɞɾˠəsˠ/

From Old Irish dorus, from Proto-Celtic *dworestus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“gate, door”). Akin to Welsh drws.


doras

head

doras m (genitive singular dorais, plural dorsan)

dorais (genitive singular)
dorsan (plural)
dorus (alternative)
dorast (alternative)

Lewis, Trotternish, Raasay, Sutherland, Easter Ross

Eriskay, Barra, Sleat, Eigg, Tiree, Argyll, Canada

/ˈd̪̊ɔɾəs̪t̪/

From Old Irish dorus, from Proto-Celtic *dworestus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“gate, door”).


fuinneog

fuinneog f (genitive singular fuinneoige, nominative plural fuinneoga)

fuinneoige (genitive singular)
fuinneoga (nominative plural)
fuinneog (indefinite nominative singular)
fuinneoga (indefinite nominative plural)
a fhuinneog (indefinite singular vocative)
a fhuinneoga (indefinite plural vocative)
fuinneoige (genitive indefinite singular)
fuinneog (genitive indefinite plural)
fuinneog (dative indefinite singular)
fuinneoig (archaic dative dialectal indefinite singular)
fuinneoga (dative indefinite plural)
an fhuinneog (definite nominative singular)
na fuinneoga (definite nominative plural)
na fuinneoige (definite genitive singular)
na bhfuinneog (definite genitive plural)
leis an bhfuinneog (dative definite singular)
leis an bhfuinneoig (archaic dative definite dialectal singular)
don fhuinneog (dative definite singular)
don fhuinneoig (archaic dative definite dialectal singular)
leis na fuinneoga (dative definite plural)
fuinneog
fhuinneog
bhfuinneog
fuinneoig (alternative Connemara)
fuinneóg (alternative)

/ˈfˠɪn̠ʲoːɡ/

From Middle Irish fuindeóc, from Old Norse vindauga; modified to contain the suffix -óg.


engaged

/ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒd/

/ɛnˈɡeɪd͡ʒd/

(architecture, of a column) attached to a wall or sunk into it halfway


Fuß

de-noun

Fuß m (strong, genitive Fußes, plural Füße, diminutive Füßchen n or Füßlein n)

Fußes (genitive)
Füße (plural)
Füßchen (diminutive neuter)
Füßlein (diminutive neuter)
Fuß (nominative singular)
Füße (definite nominative plural)
Fußes (genitive singular)
Füße (definite genitive plural)
Fuß (dative singular)
Fuße (dative singular)
Füßen (dative definite plural)
Fuß (accusative singular)
Füße (accusative definite plural)
Fuss (alternative Liechtenstein Switzerland)
Fueß (alternative obsolete)
Fuoß (alternative obsolete)
fuͦß/fůß (alternative obsolete)
Fuͦß/Fůß (alternative obsolete)

Inherited from Middle High German vuoȥ, from Old High German fuoȥ, from Proto-West Germanic *fōt, from Proto-Germanic *fōts (“foot”) (compare West Frisian foet, Dutch voet, Low German Foot, English foot, Danish fod), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds.


sola

From Vulgar Latin *sola, from Latin solea.


narthex

From Ancient Greek νάρθηξ (nárthēx, “giant fennel”), later ‘casket’ (modern Greek νάρθηκας (nárthikas)), a Pre-Greek word, as suggested by the suffix. See also νάρδος (nárdos, “nard”).

bor

we were in the antechamber, called the narthex, which runs across the front of any Byzantine church [...].

1942, Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon, Canongate, published 2006, page 637:

One of these was Cardinal Jacopo Stefaneschi, [...] who had now conceived ambitious plans for paintings to decorate the entire narthex, or entrance porch, of Avignon's ancient cathedral.

2007, Edwin Mullins, The Popes of Avignon, Blue Bridge, published 2008, page 87:

“Cinco,” Marco bellowed now, hurrying across the narthex to give him a hearty handshake, which Cinco returned without enthusiasm.

2012, Melissa F. Miller, chapter 42, in Irretrievably Broken (The Sasha McCandless Series), e-book edition, volume 1, Brown Street Books, →ISBN, page 11642:

(architecture) A western vestibule leading to the nave in some Christian churches.


vestibule

Early 17th century, borrowed from French vestibule (“entrance court”), from Latin vestibulum (“forecourt, entrance court; entrance”), from vestiō (“to dress, clothe, vest”) + -bulum (“place, location”, nominal suffix). Doublet of vestibulum.

նախասրահ

small entrance hall before main hall or lobby

(architecture) A small entrance hall, antechamber, passage, or room between the outer door and the main hall, lobby, or interior of a building.

(architecture) A large entrance hall in a temple or palace.

The exit side of the front vestibule contains a sliding door.

1912, Electric Railway Journal, volume XL, number 14, page 556:

The units have transverse seats, two and three astride the passageway with single or double longitudinal seats alongside the two entrance vestibules in each car.

1960 November, “New electric multiple-units for British Railways: Glasgow Suburban”, in Trains Illustrated, page 660:

(rail transport) An enclosed entrance at the end of a railway passenger car.

eteinen

enclosed entrance of a railway passenger car

Lydia's voice was heard in the vestibule; the door was thrown open, and she ran into the room.

1813, Jane Austen, chapter 19, in Pride and Prejudice, volume 2:

The purpose of the vestibule, at least in western Europe, was not to provide a resting-place for penitents, but to deaden the noise outside.

1913, Beda Julius Kleinschmidt, “Vestibule”, in Catholic Encyclopedia:

Some instinct warned Armitage that what was taking place was not a thing for unfortified eyes to see, so he brushed back the crowd with authority as he unlocked the vestibule door.

1929 April, H. P. Lovecraft, “The Dunwich Horror/Chapter VI”, in Weird Tales:


Ohr

de-noun

Ohr n (mixed, genitive Ohres or Ohrs, plural Ohren, diminutive Öhrchen n)

Ohres (genitive)
Ohrs (genitive)
Ohren (plural)
Öhrchen (diminutive neuter)
Ohr (nominative singular)
Ohren (definite nominative plural)
Ohres (genitive singular)
Ohrs (genitive singular)
Ohren (definite genitive plural)
Ohr (dative singular)
Ohre (dative singular)
Ohren (dative definite plural)
Ohr (accusative singular)
Ohren (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German ôre, from Old High German ōra, from Proto-West Germanic *auʀā, from the voiced Verner alternant of Proto-Germanic *ausô.
Akin to Dutch oor, English ear, West Frisian ear, Swedish öra, all ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ows-.
Further Indo-European cognates: Latin auris, Lithuanian ausis, Ancient Greek οὖς (oûs), Russian у́хо (úxo), Old Armenian ունկն (unkn), Albanian vesh, Persian هوش (huš)

(architecture) the overhanging part on the frame of a window or door


stretcher

(architecture) A piece of timber used in building.


rafter

From Old English ræfter, of Germanic origin, related to the origin of raft.

/ˈɹɑːftə(ɹ)/

[…] the pigeons fluttered up to the rafters

1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:

(architecture) One of a series of sloped beams that extend from the ridge or hip to the downslope perimeter or eave, designed to support the roof deck and its associated loads.


chimney pot

At last the first glimpse from a bridge of an open-top red bus, and a noticeable darkening of the atmosphere from the smoke of London: then the increasingly dingy stations with double-barrel names, set amid what has always been to me the outstanding feature of the "Premier Line" approach to London—the positively marvellous display of crazy chimney-pots on the grey inner suburban houses. As many as twenty, all of varying style, standing together like ranks of jagged teeth, and providing a Dickensian back-cloth which no other route can boast.

1951 October, R. S. McNaught, “Lines of Approach”, in Railway Magazine, page 704:

A short earthenware pipe, placed on top of a chimney to improve the draft.


ovo

Borrowed from Latin ōvum. Doublet of huevo.


lunette

→ Portuguese: luneta


shaft

From Middle English schaft, from Old English sċeaft, from Proto-West Germanic *skaft, from Proto-Germanic *skaftaz. Cognate with Dutch schacht, German German Schaft, Swedish skaft.

Bid time and nature gently spare / The shaft we raise to thee.

(architecture) Any column or pillar, particularly the body of a column between its capital and pedestal.


inglenook

inglenooks (plural)
ingle nook (alternative)
ingle-nook (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-inglenook.wav

/ˈɪŋɡəlˌnʊk/

I ſat me in the ingle nook, / And joked wi my luver, / But a' the jokes that I cou'd crack, / The deel a ane could muve her.

1797 May, E. S. J., “A Song”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume LXVII, part I, number V, London: […] John Nichols, […], →OCLC, page 423, column 2:

The ingle-nook ſupplies the ſimmer-fields, / An' aft as mony gleefu' maments yields.

1799, Robert Fergusson, “An Eclogue. […]”, in The Poetical Works of R. Fergusson, Paisley, Renfrewshire: R. Smith, […], →OCLC, page 80:

Could we find a Hamilton to write a tale in Gaelic, for the ingle-nooks of our cottagers, we might expect a speedy reform. The Highlanders are fond of tales, and there does not seem to be a better method of pointing out to them the advantages of activity and cleanliness, than dispersing among them a few stories drawn up with ability.

1813, George Steuart Mackenzie, “Political Economy”, in General View of the Agriculture of the Counties of Ross and Cromarty. […], London: […] Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, […], →OCLC, section 8 (Healthiness of the Country, Mode of Living, &c.), pages 326–327:

May the Forest still flourish, both Borough and Landward, / From the hall of the Peer to the herd's ingle-nook; / And huzza! my brave hearts, for Buccleuch and his standard, / For the King and the Country, the Clan and the Duke.

1815 December 1, [Walter Scott; James Hogg], “The Lifting of the Banner”, in The Ettricke Garland; being Two Excellent New Songs on the Lifting of the Banner of the House of Buccleuch, at the Great Foot-ball Match on Carterhaugh, Dec. 4, 1815, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co., →OCLC, page 5:

[O]ne [chair], distinguished by capacious arms, a high stuffed back, and red cushions, was placed close to the ingle nook, the accustomed seat of the father of the family.

1822 May 1, “The Smuggler”, in The Atheneum; or, Spirit of the English Magazines, volume 11, Boston, Mass.: Munroe and Francis, […], →OCLC, page 103, column 1:

Alice was removed to the residence of the older Noland, where she was welcomed with a rough but honest kindness, and old Margaret was installed in the ingle nook.

1838 December 22, “the Old Sailor” [pseudonym], “Robin Hood’s Bay”, in William, Robert Chambers, editors, Chambers’s Edinburgh Journal, volume VII, number 360, Edinburgh: […] W[illiam] S[omerville] Orr and Co., […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 378, column 2:

It was remembered but too well how the dragoons had stalked into the peasant's cottage, cursing and damning him, themselves, and each other at every second word, pushing from the ingle nook his grandmother of eighty, and thrusting their hands into the bosom of his daughter of sixteen; [...]

1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XIII, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume III, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 343:

The Cavalier was supported by the assiduous host into a large, comfortable-looking house-place, with a wood fire blazing upon the hearth—deep inglenooks on either side of the chimney—and a couple of cozy benches with high backs calculated to keep off all draught advancing far into the room, with a long and strong oak table between them.

1860, W[illiam] Harrison Ainsworth, “Ovingdean Grange. A Tale of the South Downs.”, in Bentley’s Miscellany, volume XLVII, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, 6th part (The Devil’s Dyke), chapter III (Of the Guests at the Poynings’ Arms), page 350:

It is in this old chimney corner, the quaint inglenook of our ancestors—just there in the far angle, where His little stool was placed, and where, I dare say, if we could look close enough, we should find the hearthstone scraped with His little feet—that we see the inconceivable child gazing into the blaze of the old oaken logs and making out there pictures and stories, see Him conning, with curly bent head, His well-worn hornbook, or poring over some scrap of an ancient ballad, some page of some such rudely bound volume of chronicles as lay, we may be sure, in His father's window-seat.

1903 February 26, Henry James, “The Birthplace”, in The Better Sort, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, chapter VII, page 296:

The chimneys are most striking, with the upper part in brickwork, and with fine bold bases of stone, forming inside comfortable ingle nooks.

1914, Philip B. Chatwin, “Kyre Wyard”, in Transactions, Excursions and Report, for the Year 1913, volume XXXIX, Birmingham, Warwickshire: […] Hudson & Son [for the Birmingham Archaeological Society, Birmingham and Midland Institute], […], →OCLC, page 60:

Seated in my barber's chair in the ingle-nook, with a book and a cup of coffee on the table in front of me, I would hear coming down the chimney, as though the village was situated on an island in the sky, a succession of slow, somnolent sounds: [...]

1957, Gerald Brenan, “The High Mountains and Guadix”, in South from Granada, 1st paperback edition, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, published 1980, →ISBN, page 153:

Opposite the old church is a Tudor black-and-white cottage, flanked at one end by the Brocket Arms, a splendid 400-year-old pub with stone-flagged floors, a vast inglenook fireplace and a garden full of oak tables and benches for summer evening meditation.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 45:

In its purest form, the inglenook is distinctly set off, a sort of room within a room. [...] The twin benches of many inglenooks face each other at right angles to the hearth. This arrangement gives the best view of the fire, but space considerations may dictate building seating along the fireplace wall instead.

2000, Judith Knuth, edited by Paula Marshall, Fireplace Decorating & Planning Ideas, Des Moines, Iowa: Better Homes and Gardens Books, →ISBN, page 47:

He [a dog] wants the warmth of our home, to curl up in our inglenook and lap from his water bowl.

2014, Eric Freeze, “Dead Weight”, in Hemingway on a Bike, Lincoln, Neb., London: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 80:

(originally Scotland, architecture, chiefly historical) A nook or corner beside an open fireplace; a chimney corner.

爐邊 /炉边

nook or corner beside an open fireplace; chimney corner


impost

From Italian imposta, from Latin imposta.

The outer circle [of Stonehenge] has been formed by a combination of two uprights and an impost; yet each combination of these three stones is detached, and without any connection with the rest, except that of coinciding in the form of a circle.

1798, William Gilpin, Observations on the Western Parts of England, London: T. Cadell jun. and W. Davies, Section 7, p. 79:

(architecture) The top part of a column, pillar, pier, wall, etc. that supports an arch.


groin

From earlier grine, from Middle English grinde, grynde, from Old English grynde (“abyss”) (perhaps also "depression, hollow"), probably related to Proto-Germanic *grunduz; see ground. Later altered under the influence of loin.

(architecture) The projecting solid angle formed by the meeting of two vaults


groin

en-verb

groin (third-person singular simple present groins, present participle groining, simple past and past participle groined)

groins (present singular third-person)
groining (participle present)
groined (participle past)
groined (past)


dormer

From Middle French dormoir (“sleeping room”), from dormir (“to sleep”).

Then we came to a high white wall that surrounded a large garden, and within it was a long, massive building of some beauty and pretension, with a high, latticed belfry and heavy walls and with arched dormers in the sloping roof.

1904 May, Winston Churchill, “The Strange City”, in The Crossing, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, book II (Flotsam and Jetsam), page 371:

(architecture) A room-like, roofed projection from a sloping roof.

(architecture) Ellipsis of dormer-window.


Churrigueresque

Named for José Benito Churriguera (1665-1725), a Spanish architect and sculptor. See -esque.

(architecture) Relating to a Spanish baroque architectural style that started in the late 17th century to the early 18th century; characterized by flamboyant ornamentation

churrigueresque

relating to Spanish baroque architectural style


flamboyant

en-adj

flamboyant (comparative more flamboyant, superlative most flamboyant)

more flamboyant (comparative)
most flamboyant (superlative)
Flamboyant (alternative)

Borrowed from French flamboyant (“flaming, wavy”), participle of flamboyer (“to flame”), from Old French flamboier, from flambe (“flame”). The architectural style derives its name from the flame-like shapes in the tracery.

S. Pierre is a flamboyant church, the details passing into Renaissance.

1891, Sabine Baring-Gould, chapter XIX, in In Troubadour-Land: A Ramble in Provence and Languedoc, Avignon:

The second is a chapel of two storeys, the lower dating from 1150, while the upper was rebuilt in the 15th century, and there is a rich Flamboyant entrance with a stairway (1533).

1911, “Bruges”, in Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition:

The nave and central tower, more flamboyant in design, were finished early in the sixteenth century after the original plan.

1913, “Abbey of Saint-Ouen”, in Catholic Encyclopedia:

(architecture) Referring to the final stage of French Gothic architecture from the 14th to the 16th centuries.

炫耀

referring to the final stage of French Gothic architecture from the 14th to the 16th centuries


Victorian

Victorian (comparative more Victorian, superlative most Victorian)

more Victorian (comparative)
most Victorian (superlative)

From Victoria + -an (suffix forming adjectives and agent nouns), from the name of Queen Victoria (1819–1901), monarch of the United Kingdom.

Viktorina

of or relating to the culture or social conditions of that period

Unhappily, however, all that remains of Cherhill's claim to an old manor house is a rather cold ungabled building, blue-slated in hard ruled lines, and a porch which might have been transplanted from a late Victorian house.

1941, J[ames] H[erbert] Blackford, The Manor and Village of Cherhill, a Wiltshire Village from Early Times to the Present Day, Frome, Somerset, London: […] Butler & Tanner, →OCLC, page 188:

Of or relating to the culture or social conditions of that period.

(architecture) Of the style of architecture or furnishings of that period.

فيكتوري

of the style of architecture or furnishings of that period


Victorian

The commercial resurgence brought about by the area's changing tastes is reflected in midtown's conglomeration of refurbished Victorians, apartments, specialty shops, offices, corner groceries, restaurants, single-family homes, and bed and breakfast inns.

1987, Faren Maree Bachelis, “Downtown Sacramento”, in The Pelican Guide to Sacramento and the Gold Country (A Firebird Press Book), Gretna, New Orleans, La.: Pelican Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 86:

(chiefly US, architecture) A house built in the Victorian architectural style.


repose

en-noun

repose (countable and uncountable, plural reposes)

Berthe Morisot
Rhode Island School of Design Museum
Édouard Manet

The verb is derived from Middle English reposen (“to rest”), from Anglo-Norman reposer, reposir, and Middle French reposer, from Old French reposer, repauser (“to become calm; to be peaceful; to rest; to be immobile; to lie or be placed; to cease, stop; to neglect”) (modern French reposer), from Latin repausāre, the present active infinitive of repausō (“(Late Latin) to be at rest; to lie down, rest; to sleep; to calm, pacify; (Latin) to halt temporarily, pause”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again; back, backwards’) + pausō (“to cease, halt; to pause”) (from pausa (“a halt, stop; a pause; an end”), from Ancient Greek παῦσῐς (paûsĭs, “ceasing, stopping”), from παύω (paúō, “to cease; to make to cease, stop; to bring to an end; to hinder”) (further etymology uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, little; smallness”)) + -σῐς (-sĭs, suffix forming abstract nouns or nouns of action, process, or result)).
The noun is derived from Late Middle English repose, from Anglo-Norman repous, repos, and Middle French repos, repose, from Old French repos (“calm; rest; period or state of sleep; state of immobility; state of inaction”) (modern French repos), from reposer, repauser (verb) (see above).
Noun sense 12.3 (“technique of including in a painting an area or areas which are dark, indistinct, or soft in tone”) is borrowed from French repos.
Cognates
Catalan reposar (verb), repòs (noun)
Italian riposare (verb), riposo (noun)
Old Occitan repausar, repauzar (verb), repaus (noun)
Portuguese repousar (verb), repouso (noun)
Spanish reposar (verb), reposo (noun)

ref

From the collection of the Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A.

col

Cognates

հանգիստ

temporary cessation from activity to rest and recover, especially in the form of sleep; an instance of this — see also break, rest

lepo

of the face, a muscle, etc.: state of being relaxed and not in tension

VVe are to take occaſion as much as poſſibly vve can, […] to find the repoſe of vvhich vve ſpeak, by the Light and by the Shadovv, vvhich naturally accompany ſolid Bodies.

1695, [Roger de Piles], “Observations on the Art of Painting of Charles Alphonse du Fresnoy”, in C[harles] A[lphonse] du Fresnoy, translated by John Dryden, De Arte Graphica. The Art of Painting, […], London: […] J[ohn] Heptinstall for W. Rogers, […], →OCLC, page 162:

(uncountable, architecture, art) The arrangement of elements of an artwork, a building, etc., that is restful and soothing to a viewer; harmony.


zócalo

→ English: zocalo

From Latin socculus, diminutive of soccus (“slipper”).

En el zócalo de la columnita que habrán ustedes visto en el país, a la derecha, pusieron los artistas la divisa de la cortesana, que dice: virtus in arduis.

1898, Benito Pérez Galdós, “18”, in Mendizábal:

At the base of the little column that you will have seen in the country, on the right, the artists put the courtier's emblem, which says: virtus in arduis.

(architecture) plinth, socle, base (a block or slab upon which a column, pedestal, statue or other structure is based)

En el comedorcito, cuyo zócalo de caoba circunda la menuda habitación, bajo el gran quinqué de ópalo, estarán las flores, y alrededor de ellas, sobre un blanco mantel, las viandas confeccionadas por Hellen.

1913, Abraham Valdelomar, chapter 7, in Tres senas, dos ases:

In the little dining room, whose mahogany baseboard encircles the small room, under the great opal oil lamp, there will be flowers, and around them, on a white tablecloth, the food prepared by Hellen.

(architecture) baseboard, footing, skirting, skirting board; frieze


recess

en-verb

recess (third-person singular simple present recesses, present participle recessing, simple past and past participle recessed)

recesses (present singular third-person)
recessing (participle present)
recessed (participle past)
recessed (past)

The noun is borrowed from Latin recessus (“act of going back, departure, receding, retiring; (figuratively) retreat, withdrawal; (metonymically) distant, secluded, or secret spot, corner, nook, retreat; recessed part, indentation”) (also Late Latin recessus (“decree or resolution of the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire”)), from recēdō (“to go back, recede, retire, withdraw; to go away, depart; (by extension) to disappear, vanish; to separate; to stand back, be distant; to yield”) (from re- (prefix meaning ‘back, backwards’) + cēdō (“to go, move, proceed”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs); influenced by Middle French recès, French recès (“a break, pause; break between classes in school; school vacation; ebbing of tide; reduction”) (also Anglo-Norman recès and Old French recès (“hiding place; hollow”).
Sense 5 (“decree or resolution of the diet of the Holy Roman Empire, etc.”) is possibly influenced by Italian recesso and refers to a decree or resolution made just before a meeting ends.
The adjective and verb are derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Catalan recés
* Italian recesso
* Middle French recès (modern French recès)
* Portuguese recesso
* Spanish receso

cog

to recess a wall

To make a recess (noun sense 1 and sense 1.1) in (something).

That gargoyle recesses into the rest of architecture.

Recess the screw so it does not stick out.

(also reflexive) Often preceded by in or into: to inset (something) into a recess or niche.


prang

The prang is surrounded by walls, which are in turn surrounded by smaller prangs and chedis, some of which are rather precariously supported.

1995, Joshua Eliot, Thailand and Burma Handbook 1996, page 216:

The second platform surrounds the base of the prang proper, whose closed entranceways are guarded by four statues of the Hindu god Indra on his three-headed elephant Erawan.

2001, Paul Gray, Lucy Ridout, The Rough Guide to Bangkok, page 119:

(architecture) A type of tower or spire featured in some Buddhist temples of Cambodia and Thailand.