𑀲𑁄

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सो</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">સો</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸೋ</i>

𑀲𑁄 (so) m (Devanagari सो, Gujarati સો, Kannada ಸೋ, feminine 𑀲𑀸, neuter 𑀢𑀁)

tlb

(attested in Māhārāṣṭrī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Ardhamāgadhī, Śaurasenī, Paiśācī)

so (romanization)
सो (Devanagari)
સો (Gujarati)
ಸೋ (Kannada)
𑀲𑀸 (feminine)
𑀢𑀁 (neuter)
𑀲 (alternative)

Central:

Old Hindi: सो ~ तिस (so ~ tisa)

Hindi: सो (so)

Urdu: سو (so)

Eastern: See 𑀰𑁂 (śe)

Southern:

Old Marathi:

Marathi: तो (to)

Konkani: तो (to)

Western:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: તે (te)

Inherited from Sanskrit स (sa). Cognate with Magadhi Prakrit 𑀰𑁂 (śe).


𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀤𑀺

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">वट्टदि</i>

tlb

(attested in Māgadhī, Paiśācī, Śaurasenī)

pra-head

𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀤𑀺 (vaṭṭadi) (Devanagari वट्टदि) (intransitive)

vaṭṭadi (romanization)
वट्टदि (Devanagari)

𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇#Prakrit

alternative form of 𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (vaṭṭaï, “to be, exist; to turn”)


𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सहस्स</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">સહસ્સ</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ಸಹಸ್ಸ</i>

𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (sahassa) n or m (Devanagari सहस्स, Gujarati સહસ્સ, Kannada ಸಹಸ್ಸ)

tlb

(attested in Ardhamāgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī, Paiśācī, Śaurasenī)

sahassa (romanization)
सहस्स (Devanagari)
સહસ્સ (Gujarati)
ಸಹಸ್ಸ (Kannada)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀸 (plural vocative)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Eastern Hindi:

Old Awadhi:

Western Hindi:

Old Braj: सहस (sahas)

Old Hindi: सहस (sahasa)

Middle Hindi: سهس (shs /sahas/)

Hindustani: sahas

Hindi: सहस

Urdu: سَہَس

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Old Punjabi: ਸਹਸ (sahasa /sahansa/)

Sindhi: sahasu

Arabic script: سَهَسُ

Devanagari script: सहसु

Khudabadi script: 𑋝𑋞𑋝𑋣

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi: sahāsa

Devanagari script: सहास

Modi script: 𑘭𑘮𑘰𑘭

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati: सहस (sahasa)

Saurashtra: ꢱꢱꢬ꣄ (sasar), ꢱꢵꢬ꣄ (sār)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sem-
Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-
Proto-Indo-European *-lom
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéslom
Proto-Indo-Iranian *saȷ́ʰásram
Sanskrit सहस्र (sahasra)
Ashokan Prakrit 𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀭 (sahasra)
Prakrit 𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (sahassa)
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀲𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀭 (sahasra); see there for more. Cognate with Magadhi Prakrit 𑀰𑀳𑀰𑁆𑀰 (śahaśśa), Pali sahassa.


𑀓𑀢

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">कत</i>

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀓𑀢 (kata), from Sanskrit कृत (kṛtá).


𑀏𑀢𑀺𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">एतिस</i>

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀏𑀤𑀺𑀲 (edisa), from Sanskrit ईदृश (īdṛ́śa). Cognate with Pali edisa, īdisa.

inh+

hi:सुभद्र झा


𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अक्खइ</i>

pra-head

𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 (akkhaï) (Devanagari अक्खइ) (intransitive)

akkhaï (romanization)
अक्खइ (Devanagari)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali-Assamese:

Chakma: [script needed] (āge, 3sg.pres)

Bihari:

desc

Bhojpuri: खे (khē, 3sg.pres), ⇒ नैखे (naikhē, “3sg.pres.neg”)

Old Maithili: अखलु (akhᵊlʉ, “was”)

Sadri: ⇒ नखी (nakhī, 3sg.pres.neg)

𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇#Prakrit

alternative form of 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇 (acchaï, “to remain”)


अक्खइ

अरे, अत्थि चउत्था भासा पेसाया । ता सा इमा होहि त्ति । एत्थ वड-पायववरे पिसायान उल्लावो अक्खइ त्ति ।
are, atthi cautthā bhāsā pesāyā. tā sā imā hohi tti. ettha vaḍa-pāyavavare pisāyāna ullāvo akkhaï tti.

c. 778 CE, Uddyotana, Kuvalayamālā folio 58, lines 2c-3a

Here at the great banian tree the Piśācas are conversing. Then again he stood thinking, "What is their conversation?"

𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇#Prakrit


𑀧𑀢𑁂𑀲

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पतेस</i>

Inherited from Sanskrit प्रदेश (pradeśa).

inh+

hi:सुभद्र झा


𑀧𑀸𑀝𑀮𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पाटलिपुत्त</i>

𑀧𑀸𑀝𑀮𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (pāṭaliputta) (Devanagari पाटलिपुत्त)

pāṭaliputta (romanization)
पाटलिपुत्त (Devanagari)

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀧𑀸𑀝𑀮𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢 (pāṭaliputa /pāṭaliputta/), from Sanskrit पाटलिपुत्र (pāṭaliputra).

inh+

Pataliputra (a city, the ancient capital of the Magadha kingdom; modern Patna)

hi:सुभद्र झा


𑀧𑀸𑀴𑀓

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पाळक</i>

pāḷaka (romanization)
पाळक (Devanagari)
𑀩𑀸𑀴𑀓 (alternative)

𑀩𑀸𑀮𑀅 𑀩𑀸𑀮𑀅#Prakrit

Paisaci variant of 𑀩𑀸𑀮𑀅 (bālaa, “child, boy”)

hi:सुभद्र झा


𑀢𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तिट्ठ</i>

tiṭṭha (romanization)
तिट्ठ (Devanagari)

𑀤𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞 𑀤𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞#Prakrit

Paisaci variant of 𑀤𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞 (diṭṭha, “seen”)

hi:सुभद्र झा


𑀪𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀆

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">भारिआ</i>

bhāriā (romanization)
भारिआ (Devanagari)

𑀪𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸 𑀪𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸#Prakrit

Paisaci variant of 𑀪𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸 (bhajjā, “wife”)

hi:सुभद्र झा


𑀢𑁂𑀯𑀭

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तेवर</i>

Inherited from Sanskrit देवर (devara), a later form of देवृ (devṛ), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *daHiwā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daHiwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *dayh₂wḗr.

(Paiśācī) husband's brother; brother-in-law

hi:सुभद्र झा


𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">सिंग</i>

siṃga (romanization)
सिंग (Devanagari)
𑀲𑀁𑀕 (alternative)

Bengali: সিংএ (śiṅe)

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: सिंग (siṃga)

Modi script: 𑘭𑘱𑘽𑘐 (siṃga)

desc

Romani: śing, shing (Anglicized), šing (Pan-Vlax)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Hindustani:

Hindi: सींग (sīṅg)

Urdu: سینگ (sīṅg)

(Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī, Paiśācī, Māgadhī) horn


𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢

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<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">तत्त</i>

<i class="Gujr mention" lang="pra">તત્ત</i>

<i class="Knda mention" lang="pra">ತತ್ತ</i>

𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢 (tatta) (Devanagari तत्त, Gujarati તત્ત, Kannada ತತ್ತ)

tlb

(attested in Ardhamāgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī, Paiśācī, Khasa)

tatta (romanization)
तत्त (Devanagari)
તત્ત (Gujarati)
ತತ್ತ (Kannada)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (nominative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (nominative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀏 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀏 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀏 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (plural vocative)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (plural vocative)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (plural vocative)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (nominative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇𑀁 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (nominative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (accusative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇𑀁 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (accusative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡𑀁 (instrumental singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (instrumental plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (dative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ablative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 (genitive singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (genitive plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (locative singular)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (locative plural)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (singular vocative)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇𑀁 (plural vocative)
𑀢𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (plural vocative)

Hindi: तात (tāt)

Inherited from Sanskrit तप्त (taptá). Cognate with Pali tatta, Gandhari 𐨟𐨟 (tata).


𑀧𑀣𑀫

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पथम</i>

Inherited from Sanskrit प्रथम (prathamá).


𑀧𑀼𑀥𑀼𑀫

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पुधुम</i>

pudhuma (romanization)
पुधुम (Devanagari)


अहुणि

अहुणि (ahuṇi)

pra-head

अहुणि (ahuṇi)

pra-adv

अहुणि (ahuṇi)

𑀅𑀳𑀼𑀡𑀺 𑀅𑀳𑀼𑀡𑀺#Prakrit


𑀅𑀳𑀼𑀡𑀺

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">अहुणि</i>

desctree

Old Punjabi: ਹੁਣਿ (huṇi)
Punjabi: huṇ
Gurmukhi script: ਹੁਣ
Shahmukhi script: ہُݨ

Sindhi:

Arabic script: هاڻي

Devanagari script: हाणे

𑀅𑀳𑀼𑀡𑀸 𑀅𑀳𑀼𑀡𑀸#Prakrit


पिसुमय

𑀧𑀺𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀬 𑀧𑀺𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀬#Prakrit


𑀧𑀺𑀲𑀼𑀫𑀬

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">पिसुमय</i>

pisumaya (romanization)
पिसुमय (Devanagari)

Inherited from Sanskrit विस्मय (vismaya).

inh+

𑀯𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀬 𑀯𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀬#Prakrit