徛

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *krals, *ɡralʔ): semantic 彳 (“to walk with small steps”) + phonetic 奇 (OC *kral, *ɡral).

Han compound

企
倚
跂
隑
戤
坚
立
笠

樹頭徛予在，毋驚樹尾做風颱 / 树头徛予在，毋惊树尾做风台

chhiū-thâu khiā hō͘ chāi, m̄ kiaⁿ chhiū-bóe chò-hong-thai

(Northern Min, Datian Min, Chuqu Wu) to build (a house)


枹

(Eastern Min, Quanzhou Hokkien, Longyan Min, Datian Min) pomelo


洘

(Hokkien, Datian Min, Leizhou Min, Puxian Min, Eastern Min) thick; viscous


緊

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kinʔ): phonetic 臤 (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic 糸.

Han compound

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified); † - only used for pulled objects as a resultative

not rushed and not slow; taking one's time

不緊不慢

不紧不慢

伊走了真緊。

伊走了真紧。

(literary or Hokkien, Datian Min, Zhao'an Hakka, Wenzhounese) quick; rapid; quickly


豨

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hlɯl, *hlɯlʔ): semantic 豕 (“pig”) + phonetic 希 (OC *hlɯl).
Dialectal variant of 豕 (OC *hliʔ, “pig”).

Han compound

(obsolete or Northern Min, Datian Min, Central Min) pig; hog; swine


病囝

/paŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ kiaŋ³³/

/pa¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾yɒ⁴⁵³/

/pã²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ỹã³³²/

/pĩ²²⁻²¹ kiã⁵³/

/pĩ³³⁻¹¹ kiã⁵³/

/pĩ⁴¹⁻²² kã⁵⁵⁴/

/pẽ³³⁻²¹ kiã⁴¹/

/pẽ³³⁻²¹ kiã⁵³/

/pẽ³³⁻¹¹ kiã⁵³/

/pɛ̃²²⁻²¹ kiã⁵³/

/pĩ³³⁻²² kã⁵⁵/

/pɛ³⁵⁻³³ kia³¹/

/paŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ kiaŋ³³/

/pa¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾yɒ⁴⁵³/

/pã²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ỹã³³²/

/pĩ²²⁻²¹ kiã⁵³/

/pĩ³³⁻¹¹ kiã⁵³/

/pĩ⁴¹⁻²² kã⁵⁵⁴/

/pẽ³³⁻²¹ kiã⁴¹/

/pẽ³³⁻²¹ kiã⁵³/

/pẽ³³⁻¹¹ kiã⁵³/

/pɛ̃²²⁻²¹ kiã⁵³/

/pĩ³³⁻²² kã⁵⁵/

/pɛ³⁵⁻³³ kia³¹/

(Fuzhou Eastern Min, Datian Min, Hailufeng Min, Hainanese) to be pregnant


風車

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/fuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰa²⁴/

/fuŋ⁵³ t͡ʃʰa⁵³/

/fʊŋ⁴⁴ t͡sʰa⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ t͡sʰia³³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/hoŋ³³⁴ t͡sʰa³³⁴/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰia³³/

/foŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰo²¹/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/fuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰa²⁴/

/fuŋ⁵³ t͡ʃʰa⁵³/

/fʊŋ⁴⁴ t͡sʰa⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ t͡sʰia³³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/hoŋ³³⁴ t͡sʰa³³⁴/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰia³³/

/foŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰo²¹/


後生仔

后生仔
後生欸
後生兒
後生囝

/hɐu̯²² saːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/heu̯⁵⁵ saŋ²⁴ e³¹/

/heu³³ saŋ⁵³ ə⁵⁵/

/heu⁵³ saŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋe³¹/

/hau³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³⁻²³ kĩã⁵²/

/hɐu̯²² saːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/heu̯⁵⁵ saŋ²⁴ e³¹/

/heu³³ saŋ⁵³ ə⁵⁵/

/heu⁵³ saŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ ŋe³¹/

/hau³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³⁻²³ kĩã⁵²/

† - young male; GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(Cantonese, Hakka, Northern Min, Eastern Min, Teochew, Datian Min, Zhongshan Min) young person (Classifier: 個／个)


今旦

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tän⁵¹/

/kiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑŋ²¹³/

/kiŋ⁵³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nua⁴²/

/kiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nua⁴²/

/kin⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã¹¹/

/kin⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã¹¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã²¹/

/kiŋ³⁵⁻³³ nua²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tän⁵¹/

/kiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑŋ²¹³/

/kiŋ⁵³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nua⁴²/

/kiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nua⁴²/

/kin⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã¹¹/

/kin⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã¹¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã²¹/

/kiŋ³⁵⁻³³ nua²¹/

(Eastern Min, Datian Min, Hainanese, Leizhou Min, Puxian Min) today


熱痱

/jiːt̚² fɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/jiːt̚² fɐi̯²²⁻³⁵/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka, Pinghua, Datian Min, Longyan Min, Zhongshan Min) miliaria; heat rash


番柿

/huaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ kʰi¹¹/

/huoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ kʰi²¹/

/huan⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi³³/

/huaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ kʰi¹¹/

/huoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ kʰi²¹/

/huan⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi³³/

(Fujian Mandarin, Changting Hakka, Northern Min, Eastern Min, Puxian Min, Datian Min) tomato


目珠

/muk⁵⁻² t͡ʃu⁵³/

/muk⁵⁻² t͡ʃu⁵³/

(Hakka, Datian Min, Central Min) eye (Classifier: 蕊 h; 雙／双)


塗豆

→ Mandarin: 土豆 (tǔdòu, “peanut”) (Taiwan)

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²¹ tau²²/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tau²²/

/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ tau³³/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tau²²/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tau³³/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻³³ tau³³/

/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² tau²²/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tau⁴¹/

/tʰo²⁴⁻²² tau³¹/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²¹ tau²²/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tau²²/

/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ tau³³/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tau²²/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tau³³/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻³³ tau³³/

/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² tau²²/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tau⁴¹/

/tʰo²⁴⁻²² tau³¹/

(Hokkien, Datian Min, Dianbai Leizhou Min) peanut


目汁

/mʊk̚¹ t͡səp̚¹/

/mʊk̚¹ t͡səp̚¹/

(Can we date this quote?), “耶穌係主”performed by 客家聖樂團:

He will come to wipe away our tears and remove our sorrows.

Kì oi lòi chhu̍t-thet ên ke muk-chṳp, sêu-thet ên ke pî-ôi.

𥘹愛來捽忒𫣆个目汁，消忒𫣆个悲哀。

𥘹爱来捽忒𫣆个目汁，消忒𫣆个悲哀。

2020, “南下列車 [Train to the South]”performed by 羅文裕 [Wing Lo]:

fa kóng yit-pan muk-chṳp tiet-lo̍k lióng sâm hòng

話講一半目汁滴落兩三行

话讲一半目汁滴落两三行

Late Qing/Early Republic, 《古板白蓮花全歌》, volume 1, 潮州 [Chaozhou]: 李萬利, page 12v:

Madam Gim1 listened with tears flowing / The words she wanted to say pressed in her throat

gim¹ si⁶ tian¹ suêh⁴ mag⁸ zab⁴ lao⁵ / u⁶ uê⁷ ain³ dan³ dou¹ ngê⁶ ao⁵

金氏听說目汁流/有話欲呾都硬喉

金氏听说目汁流/有话欲呾都硬喉

(Hakka, Eastern Min, Zhao'an and Dongshan Hokkien, Longyan Min, Datian Min, Teochew, Leizhou Min, Hainanese, Sanxiang Min, Central Min, Shaojiang Min) tears


番黍

/huaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ɬø⁴⁵³/

/huoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))nø³³²/

/huaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ɬø⁴⁵³/

/huoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))nø³³²/

(Zhangzhou and Zhangping Hokkien, Datian Southern Min; Fuqing Eastern Min; Puxian Min) corn; maize

Datian Southern Min; Fuqing Eastern Min; Datian Southern Min; Fuqing Eastern Min


馬薺

/ᵐba³³ tʰei²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/ma⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰi¹¹/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si²⁴/

/be⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡si²⁴/

/be⁵³⁻²⁴ t͡si²⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡si²³/

/be⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡si²⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si²⁴/

/be³¹⁻²² t͡si²⁴/

/bə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si²⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡su²⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡sɨ²⁴/

/ᵐba³³ tʰei²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/ma⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰi¹¹/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si²⁴/

/be⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡si²⁴/

/be⁵³⁻²⁴ t͡si²⁴/

/be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡si²³/

/be⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡si²⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡si²⁴/

/be³¹⁻²² t͡si²⁴/

/bə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si²⁴/

/be⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡su²⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡sɨ²⁴/

The first syllable is related to Zhuang mak (“fruit”) (You & Zhou, 1986). Compare 馬蹄／马蹄 (mǎtí).

zh-l

馬蹄／马蹄 (mǎtí)

马荠
荸薺
䔍薺
馬蹄
尾薺
莓薺
馬薯
美薺

Chinese water chestnut
Chinese water chestnut

(Hakka, Hokkien, Datian Min, Taishanese) Chinese water chestnut


喙齒屎

/t͡sʰui⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((kʰ-))i³³²⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))lai³³²/

/t͡sʰui²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai⁵³/

/t͡sʰui²¹⁻⁵³ kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai⁵³/

(Zhangzhou Hokkien, Datian Min, Puxian Min) dental plaque


老妹

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/lo²⁴⁻³³ moi¹¹/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/lo²⁴⁻³³ moi¹¹/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹/

(Can we date this quote?), “佬妹阿花”, 张少林 (lyrics)performed by 张少林:

雅佬妹喊做阿花

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Gan, Hakka, Datian Min, Central Min, Jiangle Min, Xiang) younger sister


婿郎

/se⁵³⁻⁵⁵ lɔŋ¹¹/

/se⁵³⁻⁵⁵ lɔŋ¹¹/

(Hakka, Northern Min, Longyan Min, Datian Min, Central Min, Shaojiang Min) son-in-law


目珠仁

/muk⁵⁻² t͡ʃu⁵³ ʒin⁵⁵/

/mʊk̚¹ t͡su⁴⁴⁻³⁵ in¹¹/

/muk⁵⁻² t͡ʃu⁵³ ʒin⁵⁵/

/mʊk̚¹ t͡su⁴⁴⁻³⁵ in¹¹/


後生囝

/hau²⁴²⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiaŋ³³/

/hau¹¹ ^((ɬ-))la⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾yɒ⁴⁵³/

/hau¹¹ ^((ɬ-))la⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾œ⁴⁵³/

/hau¹¹ ^((ɬ-))la⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾a⁴⁵³/

hao⁵ sann¹ gyann³ [Phonetic:hao⁵ na⁵ iann³]

/hau²¹ ^((ɬ-))na⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ĩã³³²/

/hau²¹ ⁽ᶿ⁻⁾na⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ĩã³³²/

/hau³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³⁻²³ kĩã⁵²/

/hau²⁴²⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiaŋ³³/

/hau¹¹ ^((ɬ-))la⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾yɒ⁴⁵³/

/hau¹¹ ^((ɬ-))la⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾œ⁴⁵³/

/hau¹¹ ^((ɬ-))la⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾a⁴⁵³/

/hau²¹ ^((ɬ-))na⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ĩã³³²/

/hau²¹ ⁽ᶿ⁻⁾na⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ĩã³³²/

/hau³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³⁻²³ kĩã⁵²/

(Eastern Min, Teochew, Puxian Min, Datian Min, Zhongshan Min) young person (Classifier: 個／个)


病啞

/paŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^((Ø-))ŋa³³/

/paŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^((Ø-))ŋa³³/

(Eastern Min, Zhenghe Northern Min, Datian Min, Central Min) mute person; dumb person


後生人

/hɐu̯²² saːŋ⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/heu̯⁵⁵ saŋ²⁴ ŋin¹¹/

/hau³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯²² saːŋ⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/

/heu̯⁵⁵ saŋ²⁴ ŋin¹¹/

/hau³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

(Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, Datian Min, Leizhou Min, Hainanese) young person (Classifier: 個／个 c h; 隻／只 h)


那……那……

/na⁵⁵⁴ na⁵⁵⁴/

/nã⁵⁵⁴ nã⁵⁵⁴/

/na⁵⁵⁴ na⁵⁵⁴/

/nã⁵⁵⁴ nã⁵⁵⁴/

(Hokkien, Datian Min, Hainanese) the more ... (the more); more and more


糖蜂

/tʰɔŋ³³ pʰɔŋ⁵⁴/

/tʰɔ²² pʰaŋ³⁵/

/tʰɔŋ³³ pʰɔŋ⁵⁴/

/tʰɔ²² pʰaŋ³⁵/

(Hakka, Northern Min, Datian Min, Leizhou Min, Hainanese, Central Min, Hepu Cantonese) bee; honeybee


絲蟲

/sz̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/sz̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

/siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

(Matsu Eastern Min, Hua'an Hokkien, Datian Min, Waxiang) silkworm


燒暖

/seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ non²⁴/

/seu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ non²⁴/

Now King David was old, advanced in age; and they covered him with clothes, but he could not keep warm. [NASB]

現代臺灣客語譯本 (Today's Taiwan Hakka Version), 列王紀上 (1 Kings) 1:1

Liá-sṳ̀, Thai-ví-vòng yí-kîn chhin-ló; sûi-yèn kì ke phu̍k-ngìn yung thán-é kâ chhai kì sṳ̂n-hong, kì hàn-he kám-kok m̀-la sêu-nôn.

這時，大衛王已經盡老；雖然佢个僕人用毯仔枷在佢身項，佢還係感覺毋罅燒暖。

这时，大卫王已经尽老；虽然佢个仆人用毯仔枷在佢身项，佢还系感觉毋罅烧暖。

一杯茶添燒暖

一杯茶添烧暖

(Hakka, Datian Min, Youxi Min, Hainanese) warm


窗門仔

/tʰœyŋ⁵⁴ mɔŋ³³ t͡siɛ²¹/

/tʰœyŋ⁵⁴ mɔŋ³³ t͡siɛ²¹/


信殼

/sin²¹³⁻²¹ kʰak̚⁵/

/ɕin³³ kʰoʔ⁴⁴/

/sin²¹³⁻²¹ kʰak̚⁵/

/ɕin³³ kʰoʔ⁴⁴/

(dialectal Mandarin, Longyan Min, Huizhou, Datian Min, dialectal Eastern Min, Wu) envelope