o

ohonof (first-person singular)
ohonom (first-person plural)
ohonot (second-person singular)
ohonoch (plural second-person)
ohono m (singular third-person)
ohoni f (singular third-person)
ohonyn (plural third-person)
ohono i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
ohona i (first-person singular)
ono i (first-person singular)
ohonon ni (first-person plural)
onon ni (first-person plural)
ohonot ti (second-person singular)
onot ti (second-person singular)
ohona ti (second-person singular)
ohonoch chi (plural second-person)
onoch chi (plural second-person)
ohono fe (singular third-person)
fo (singular third-person)
ono fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
ohoni hi (singular third-person)
oni hi f (singular third-person)
ohonyn nhw (plural third-person)
onyn nhw (plural third-person)

From Proto-Brythonic *ọ (stressed allomorph of *a), from Proto-Celtic *au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away, off”).

Mae pedwar deg saith o weithwyr gyda'r cwmni.

Connects a multi-word numeral to a plural noun


i

I (uppercase)
iwrch
hiwrch (prothesis-h)
ì (alternative)
í (alternative)
î (alternative)
ï (alternative)

The thirteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by h and followed by l.


at

ataf (first-person singular)
atom (first-person plural)
atat (second-person singular)
atoch (plural second-person)
ato m (singular third-person)
ati f (singular third-person)
atynt (plural third-person)
ato i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
ata i (first-person singular)
aton ni (first-person plural)
atot ti (second-person singular)
atat ti (second-person singular)
atoch chi (plural second-person)
ato fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
ati hi f (singular third-person)
atyn nhw (plural third-person)

Variant of Old Welsh ad (alongside the now-obsolete add), from Proto-Celtic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd.


tan

head

tan (triggers soft mutation on a following noun)

tanof (first-person singular)
tanom (first-person plural)
tanot (second-person singular)
tanoch (plural second-person)
tano m (singular third-person)
tani f (singular third-person)
tanynt (plural third-person)
tan
dan (soft)
nhan
than
dan (alternative)
o dan (alternative)

From Middle Welsh tan, from Proto-Brythonic *tan, from Proto-Celtic *tanai, dative of *tanā, from Proto-Indo-European *tn̥néh₂.


ag

From Old Welsh (h)ac ‘and’, from Proto-Brythonic *atkʷe, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ét-kʷe (compare Breton hag and Cornish hag); identical to Latin atque. Doublet of Welsh ac.


er

erof (first-person singular)
erom (first-person plural)
erot (second-person singular)
eroch (plural second-person)
erddo m (singular third-person)
erddi f (singular third-person)
erddynt (plural third-person)

From Middle Welsh yr, from Proto-Brythonic *er, from Proto-Celtic *ɸeri, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“in front”). Compare Cornish er (“for, by”), Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, peri-”), Latin per (“through”).


ar

head

ar (triggers soft mutation or h-prothesis if before ugain)

arnaf (first-person singular)
arnom (first-person plural)
arnat (second-person singular)
arnoch (plural second-person)
arno m (singular third-person)
arni f (singular third-person)
arnynt (plural third-person)
arno i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
arna i (first-person singular)
arnon ni (first-person plural)
arnot ti (second-person singular)
arnat ti (second-person singular)
arnoch chi (plural second-person)
arno fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
arni hi f (singular third-person)
arnyn nhw (plural third-person)

From Middle Welsh ar, from Old Welsh guar, guor, from Proto-Celtic *uɸer.

King, Gareth (1993) Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge, page 131


am

amdanaf (first-person singular)
amdanom (first-person plural)
amdanat (second-person singular)
amdanoch (plural second-person)
amdano m (singular third-person)
amdani f (singular third-person)
amdanynt (plural third-person)
amdano i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
amdana i (first-person singular)
amdanon ni (first-person plural)
amdanot ti (second-person singular)
amdanat ti (second-person singular)
amdanoch chi (plural second-person)
amdano fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
amdani hi f (singular third-person)
amdanyn nhw (plural third-person)
amdan (alternative)

From Middle Welsh am, from Old Welsh im, from Proto-Celtic *ambi (compare Old Irish imb), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi.
Cognate with Latin ambi-, Sanskrit अभि (abhí, “towards, over, upon”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹 (a-b-i-y /abiy/, “towards, against, upon”), Old High German umbi, Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “about, around”) and the first part of Old Armenian ամբ-ողջ (amb-ołǰ, “whole”).


tu

From Proto-Brythonic *tʉβ, from Proto-Celtic *toibos, whence also Old Irish tóeb and Irish taobh. Cognate with Breton tu, Cornish tu.


biti

boiti (alternative)
bwti (alternative)
bwyti (alternative)
byti (alternative)
bythdi (alternative)


fel

From Proto-Brythonic *haβ̃al, itself from Proto-Celtic *samalis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). Cognate with Breton evel, Cornish avel, Irish samhail, Latin similis.

der

Fel ’yt ti’n gwbod ’ny?


heb

hebof (first-person singular)
hebom (first-person plural)
hebot (second-person singular)
heboch (plural second-person)
hebddo m (singular third-person)
hebddi f (singular third-person)
hebddyn (plural third-person)
hebddo i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
hebdda i (first-person singular)
hebddon ni (first-person plural)
hebddot ti (second-person singular)
hebdda ti (second-person singular)
hebddoch chi (plural second-person)
hebddo fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
hebddi hi f (singular third-person)
hebddyn nhw (plural third-person)

From Middle Welsh heb, from Old Welsh hep, from Proto-Brythonic *heb, from Proto-Celtic *sekʷo- (compare Old Irish sech), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“follow”).

Wyt ti'n cymryd te heb siwgr?

Dw i heb gysgu.

(with a verbal noun) used to form negative perfect aspect

llythyr heb ei agor

(with a possessive pronoun and verbal noun) used to form negative participle; un- -ed


gan

gennyf (first-person singular)
gennym (first-person plural)
gennyt (second-person singular)
gennych (plural second-person)
ganddo m (singular third-person)
ganddi f (singular third-person)
ganddynt (plural third-person)
gen i (first-person singular)
gin i (first-person singular)
gennyn ni (first-person plural)
ganddon ni (first-person plural)
gynnon ni (first-person plural)
gen ti (second-person singular)
gin ti (second-person singular)
gennych chi (plural second-person)
ganddoch chi (plural second-person)
gynnoch chi (plural second-person)
ganddo fe (singular third-person)
fo (singular third-person)
gynno fo m (singular third-person)
ganddi hi (singular third-person)
gynni hi f (singular third-person)
gennyn nhw (plural third-person)
ganddyn nhw (plural third-person)
gynnyn nhw (plural third-person)

From Middle Welsh cant, from Old Welsh cant, from Proto-Celtic *kanta. Cognate with Breton gant and Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “against; downwards”).

cog

King, Gareth (1993) Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 131:
Aeth o gwmpas y stafell gan ofyn yr un cwestiwn i bawb.
He went around the room [while] asking everyone the same question.

used with verbal noun to indicate an action simultaneous with that of the main verb, while, whilst


ger

Probably a mutated form of cer, second-person singular imperative of mynd.
Alternatively, related to er (“for, through”).


hyd

From Middle Welsh hyt, from Old Welsh hit, from Proto-Celtic *siti- (“length”).


hyd

hyd-ddo m (singular third-person)
hyd-ddi f (singular third-person)
hyd-ddynt (plural third-person)


ym

ym Mangor

ym Mhontypridd

alternative form of yn (“in”) used before m


â

In origin a specialised prepositional use of a (“and”). (The distinction in spelling and pronunciation between the two prevocalic forms ag and ac is artificial.)

mor hen â phechod ei hun

as (in equative constructions mor...â, cyn...â)


ambiti

ambeutu (alternative)
amboiti (alternative)
ambwti (alternative)
ambwyti (alternative)
ambyti (alternative)
ambythdi (alternative)


yn

Mae Tom yn darllen.

Mae Tom yn gysglyd.

Mae Tom yn fachgen.

grammatical particle used in conjunction with bod (“to be”) to mark adjectival, nominal, or verbal predicate complements

yn dda

yn fawr

yn wir

grammatical particle used to change an adjective into an adverb


yn

ynof (first-person singular)
ynom (first-person plural)
ynot (second-person singular)
ynoch (plural second-person)
ynddo m (singular third-person)
ynddi f (singular third-person)
ynddynt (plural third-person)
ynddo i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
yno i (first-person singular)
fi yndda i (first-person singular)
ynddon ni (first-person plural)
ynon ni (first-person plural)
ynddot ti (second-person singular)
ynddat ti (second-person singular)
ynot ti (second-person singular)
ynat ti (second-person singular)
ynddoch chi (plural second-person)
ynoch chi (plural second-person)
ynddo fe (singular third-person)
fo (singular third-person)
yno fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
ynddi hi (singular third-person)
yni hi f (singular third-person)
ynddyn nhw (plural third-person)
ym (alternative)
yng (alternative)

From Middle Welsh yn, from Old Welsh in, from Proto-Brythonic *ɨn, from Proto-Celtic *eni, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.

Mae hi'n byw yng Nghaerdydd.

Ydyn ni'n astudio yn y Brifysgol ym Mangor.

We're studying at the University in Bangor.

Roedd hi'n bwrw eira ym mis Mawrth.


ar gyfer

ar fy nghyfer (first-person singular)
ar ein cyfer (first-person plural)
ar dy gyfer (second-person singular)
ar eich cyfer (plural second-person)
ar ei gyfer m (singular third-person)
ar ei chyfer f (singular third-person)
ar eu cyfer (plural third-person)
ar fy nghyfer i (first-person singular)
ar ein cyfer ni (first-person plural)
ar dy gyfer di (second-person singular)
ar eich cyfer chi (plural second-person)
ar ei gyfer e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
ar ei chyfer hi f (singular third-person)
ar eu cyfer nhw (plural third-person)


ar draws

ar fy nhraws (first-person singular)
ar ein traws (first-person plural)
ar dy draws (second-person singular)
ar eich traws (plural second-person)
ar ei draws m (singular third-person)
ar ei thraws f (singular third-person)
ar eu traws (plural third-person)
ar fy nhraws i (first-person singular)
ar ein traws ni (first-person plural)
ar dy draws di (second-person singular)
ar eich traws chi (plural second-person)
ar ei draws e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
ar ei thraws hi f (singular third-person)
ar eu traws nhw (plural third-person)


rhwng

rhyngof (first-person singular)
rhyngom (first-person plural)
rhyngot (second-person singular)
rhyngoch (plural second-person)
rhyngddo m (singular third-person)
rhyngddi f (singular third-person)
rhyngddynt (plural third-person)
rhyngddo i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
rhyngdda i (first-person singular)
rhyngddon ni (first-person plural)
rhyngddot ti (second-person singular)
rhyngddat ti (second-person singular)
rhyngddoch chi (plural second-person)
rhyngddo fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
rhyngddi hi f (singular third-person)
rrhyngddyn nhw (plural third-person)


fatha

From yr (“the”) + un (“one”) + fath (“kind”) + â (“as”).


myn

myn Duw


drost

From drost-, the stem of inflected personal forms of dros.

(North Wales, colloquial) alternative form of dros


acha

From ar (“on”) + uchaf (“highest, top”).

Bydd e'n hollti'r coed acha bwyell

2016, David Thorne, chapter 70, in Gafael mewn Gramadeg, Caerfyrddin: Y Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol, page 197:

(South Wales, colloquial) with (denoting an instrument)


achos

From Middle Welsh achaws, from Proto-Brythonic *axọs, from Vulgar Latin *accāsiō, from Latin occāsiō.

Fydd e ddim yma heddiw achos fod e’n sâl.

He won’t be here today because he’s sick.

Aethon ni ddim achos nad oedd digon o amser gyda ni.

We didn’t go because we didn’t have enough time.

because (followed by fod or a “that”-clause)


neno

neno'r tad

for goodness' sake! (literally "in the name of the father")

(informal) (used to introduce oaths) by, for, oh


ar bwys

ar fy mhwys (first-person singular)
ar ein pwys (first-person plural)
ar dy bwys (second-person singular)
ar eich pwys (plural second-person)
ar ei bwys m (singular third-person)
ar ei phwys f (singular third-person)
ar eu pwys (plural third-person)
ar fy mhwys i (first-person singular)
ar ein pwys ni (first-person plural)
ar dy bwys di (second-person singular)
ar eich pwys chi (plural second-person)
ar ei bwys e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
ar ei phwys hi f (singular third-person)
ar eu pwys nhw (plural third-person)


chwedl

From Middle Welsh chwetyl, from Proto-Brythonic *hwedl, from Primitive Irish *skʷetlan (compare Old Irish scél), from Proto-Celtic *skʷetlom. If the Proto-Celtic word had descended directly into Welsh it would have become *ysbedl rather than chwedl; the labialisation of the original labiovelar was somehow irregularly lost as the term entered Brythonic.

(North Wales) as … says, as … used to say, in the words of


mewn

Related to (either borrowed from or cognate with) Old Irish medón (“middle”).

Mae hi'n byw mewn tŷ mawr iawn.

Roedd y trên wedi stopio mewn gorsaf.

Fyddwn ni ddim yna mewn pryd i weld y sioe.

We will not be there in time to see the show.


cyn

cyn y lleuad lawn

Mi fwytais i cyn gadael.


i mewn i

i mewn im (first-person singular)
i mewn imi (first-person singular)
i mewn inni (first-person plural)
i mewn it (second-person singular)
i mewn iti (second-person singular)
i mewn iwch (plural second-person)
i mewn ichwi (plural second-person)
i mewn iddo (singular third-person)
i mewn iddo ef m (singular third-person)
i mewn iddi (singular third-person)
i mewn iddi hi f (singular third-person)
i mewn iddynt (plural third-person)
i mewn iddynt hwy (plural third-person)
i mewn i mi (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
i mewn i ni (first-person plural)
i mewn i ti (second-person singular)
i mewn i chi (plural second-person)
i mewn iddo fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
i mewn iddi hi f (singular third-person)
i mewn iddyn nhw (plural third-person)
mewn i (alternative)

/ɪ ˈmɨ̞u̯n iː/


yn ôl

yn f'ôl (first-person singular)
yn ein hôl (first-person plural)
yn d'ôl (second-person singular)
yn eich hôl (plural second-person)
yn ei ôl m (singular third-person)
yn ei hôl f (singular third-person)
yn eu hôl (plural third-person)
yn fy ôl i (first-person singular)
yn ein hôl ni (first-person plural)
yn dy ôl di (second-person singular)
yn eich hôl chi (plural second-person)
yn ei ôl e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
yn ei hôl hi f (singular third-person)
yn eu hôl nhw (plural third-person)
nôl (alternative)

Yn ôl Dylan, lle braf ydy o.


wrth

wrthyf (first-person singular)
wrthom (first-person plural)
wrthyt (second-person singular)
wrthoch (plural second-person)
wrtho m (singular third-person)
wrthi f (singular third-person)
wrthynt (plural third-person)
wrtho i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
wrtha i (first-person singular)
wrthon ni (first-person plural)
wrthot ti (second-person singular)
wrthat ti (second-person singular)
wrthoch chi (plural second-person)
wrtho fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
wrthi hi f (singular third-person)
wrthyn nhw (plural third-person)

From Old Welsh gurt, from Proto-Celtic *writ- (compare Old Irish fri), from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“turn”) (compare Latin versus (“against”)).

I broke my leg (by) playing football last week.

Dorres i 'nghoes wrth chwarae pêl-droed wythnos diwethaf.

by (used with a verbal noun to indicate causation)


wrth

Wrth i fi gysgu, naeth rhywun dorri i mewn i'n nhŷ!

While I was asleep, someone broke into my house!

O'dd e'n canu wrth weithio.


erbyn

cy-verb

erbyn (first-person singular present erbynaf)

erbynaf (first-person present singular)
erbyniaf (first-person future indicative present singular)
erbynni (future indicative present second-person singular)
erbyn (future indicative present singular third-person)
erbyniwn (first-person future indicative plural present)
erbyniwch (future indicative plural present second-person)
erbyniant (future indicative plural present third-person)
erbynnir (future impersonal indicative present)
erbyniwn (conditional first-person singular)
erbyniwn (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
erbynit (conditional second-person singular)
erbynit (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
erbyniai (conditional singular third-person)
erbyniai (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
erbyniem (conditional first-person plural)
erbyniem (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
erbyniech (conditional plural second-person)
erbyniech (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
erbynient (conditional plural third-person)
erbynient (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
erbynid (conditional impersonal)
erbynid (imperfect impersonal indicative)
erbyniais (first-person preterite singular)
erbyniaist (preterite second-person singular)
erbyniodd (preterite singular third-person)
erbyniasom (first-person plural preterite)
erbyniasoch (plural preterite second-person)
erbyniasant (plural preterite third-person)
erbyniwyd (impersonal preterite)
erbyniaswn (first-person pluperfect singular)
erbyniasit (pluperfect second-person singular)
erbyniasai (pluperfect singular third-person)
erbyniasem (first-person pluperfect plural)
erbyniasech (pluperfect plural second-person)
erbyniasent (pluperfect plural third-person)
erbyniasid (impersonal pluperfect)
erbyniesid (impersonal pluperfect)
erbyniwyf (first-person present singular subjunctive)
erbyniech (present second-person singular subjunctive)
erbynio (present singular subjunctive third-person)
erbyniom (first-person plural present subjunctive)
erbynioch (plural present second-person subjunctive)
erbyniont (plural present subjunctive third-person)
erbynier (impersonal present subjunctive)
erbynia (imperative second-person singular)
erbynied (imperative singular third-person)
erbyniwn (first-person imperative plural)
erbyniwch (imperative plural second-person)
erbynient (imperative plural third-person)
erbynier (imperative impersonal)
erbyn (noun-from-verb)

From Middle Welsh erbyn, from Proto-Brythonic *ar bɨnn, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare kʷennūi (“in front of the head”). Essentially equivalent to ar + pen, but with the umlaut due to the Proto-Celtic inflection.


wnc

From Middle Welsh wnc (“near, nigh”), from Proto-Brythonic *unk, from Proto-Celtic *onkus (“near”) (whence Old Irish oc (“at”)).


wnc

wnc
hwnc (prothesis-h)
wng (alternative)


wng

wng
hwng (prothesis-h)
wnc (alternative)

From Middle Welsh wg (“near, nigh”), alternative form of wnc, from Proto-Brythonic *unk, from Proto-Celtic *onkos (“near”) (whence Old Irish oc (“at”)).


yng

yng Nghaerdydd

alternative form of yn (“in”) used before ⟨ng⟩


gyda

cyd (“joint, united”) + â (“with”), mutated as it comes at the head of an adverbial phrase. The pronunciation with /ɨ̞ ~ ɪ/ is reflective of its origin as two separate words.

gydag (alternative)
'da (alternative)
'dag (alternative)

Mae'r llyfr gyda fi.

Roedd dwy chwaer gyda fe.

Oes swydd gyda chi ar hyn o bryd?

(chiefly South Wales) used after bod to form possessive phrases


oherwydd

/ɔˈheːrʊi̯ð/


oherwydd

o'm herwydd (first-person singular)
o'n herwydd (first-person plural)
o'th herwydd (second-person singular)
o'ch herwydd (plural second-person)
o'i herwydd m (singular third-person)
o'i herwydd f (singular third-person)
o'u herwydd (plural third-person)

/ɔˈheːrʊi̯ð/


efo

(North Wales) with (indicating instrument)


wedi

A later form of gwedi, from Old Welsh guetig, guotig, from Proto-Brythonic *wo-tig- (“in or after the end”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to sting, prick”). Compare Breton goude.

der

Dw i wedi blino

Mae e wedi marw

Ffenestr wedi’i thorru

used to translate English passive participles and past tenses, depending on the verb


dros

drosof (first-person singular)
drosom (first-person plural)
drosot (second-person singular)
drosoch (plural second-person)
drosto m (singular third-person)
drosti f (singular third-person)
drostynt (plural third-person)
drosto i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
drosta i (first-person singular)
droston ni (first-person plural)
drostot ti (second-person singular)
drostat ti (second-person singular)
drostoch chi (plural second-person)
drosto fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
drosti hi f (singular third-person)
drostyn nhw (plural third-person)
tros
dros (soft)
nhros
thros
drost (alternative)
tros (alternative)

Soft mutation of tros, unstressed form of traws. Cognate with Breton dreist (“extremely; above”).

Cer dros y bont ac i'r chwith.

yr Aelod Seneddol dros Fynwy

Ymgyrch dros Ddiarfogi Niwclear


drwy

drwof (first-person singular)
drwom (first-person plural)
drwot (second-person singular)
drwoch (plural second-person)
drwyddo m (singular third-person)
drwyddi f (singular third-person)
drwyddynt (plural third-person)
drwyddo i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
drwydda i (first-person singular)
drwyddon ni (first-person plural)
drwyddot ti (second-person singular)
drwyddat ti (second-person singular)
drwyddoch chi (plural second-person)
drwyddo fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
drwyddi hi f (singular third-person)
drwyddyn nhw (plural third-person)
trwy (alternative)

They got into the house by breaking one of the kitchen windows.

Ddaethon nhw i mewn i’r tŷ drwy dorri un o ffenestri’r gegin.


uwchben

uwch fy mhen (first-person singular)
uwch ein pen (first-person plural)
uwch dy ben (second-person singular)
uwch eich pen (plural second-person)
uwch ei ben m (singular third-person)
uwch ei phen f (singular third-person)
uwch eu pen (plural third-person)
uwch fy mhen i (first-person singular)
uwch ein pen ni (first-person plural)
uwch ein pennau ni (first-person plural)
uwch dy ben di (second-person singular)
uwch eich pen chi (plural second-person)
uwch eich pennau chi (plural second-person)
uwch ei ben e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
uwch ei phen hi f (singular third-person)
uwch eu pen nhw (plural third-person)
uwch eu pennau nhw (plural third-person)


oddeutu

o'm deutu (first-person singular)
o'n deutu (first-person plural)
o'th ddeutu (second-person singular)
o'ch deutu (plural second-person)
o'i ddeutu m (singular third-person)
o'i deutu f (singular third-person)
o'u deutu (plural third-person)
o fy neutu i (first-person singular)
o'n deutu ni (first-person plural)
o dy ddeutu ti (second-person singular)
o'ch deutu chi (plural second-person)
o'i ddeutu fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
o'i deutu hi f (singular third-person)
o'u deutu nhw (plural third-person)


islaw

is fy llaw (first-person singular)
is ein llaw (first-person plural)
is dy law (second-person singular)
is eich llaw (plural second-person)
is ei law m (singular third-person)
is ei llaw f (singular third-person)
is eu llaw (plural third-person)
is law (alternative)


trwy

trwof (first-person singular)
trwom (first-person plural)
trwot (second-person singular)
trwoch (plural second-person)
trwyddo m (singular third-person)
trwyddi f (singular third-person)
trwyddynt (plural third-person)
trwyddo i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
trwydda i (first-person singular)
trwyddon ni (first-person plural)
trwyddot ti (second-person singular)
trwyddat ti (second-person singular)
trwyddoch chi (plural second-person)
trwyddo fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
trwyddi hi f (singular third-person)
trwyddyn nhw (plural third-person)
drwy (alternative)

From Middle Welsh trwy, from Old Welsh troi, from Proto-Brythonic *truɨ, from Proto-Celtic *trei. Cognate with English through.


ymysg

yn ein mysg (first-person plural)
yn eich mysg (plural second-person)
- m (singular third-person)
- f (singular third-person)
yn eu mysg (plural third-person)
yn ein mysg (ni) (first-person plural)
yn eich mysg (chi) (plural second-person)
- m (singular third-person)
- f (singular third-person)
yn eu mysg (nhw) (plural third-person)

Univerbation of ym (“in”) + mysg (“midst”)


ymhlith

yn ein plith (first-person plural)
yn eich plith (plural second-person)
- m (singular third-person)
- f (singular third-person)
yn eu plith (plural third-person)
yn ein plith (ni) (first-person plural)
yn eich plith (chi) (plural second-person)
- m (singular third-person)
- f (singular third-person)
yn eu plith (nhw) (plural third-person)

Univerbation of ym (“in”) + plith (“midst”).


ynghanol

yn fy nghanol (first-person singular)
yn ein canol (first-person plural)
yn dy ganol (second-person singular)
yn eich canol (plural second-person)
yn ei ganol m (singular third-person)
yn ei chanol f (singular third-person)
yn eu canol (plural third-person)
yn fy nghanol i (first-person singular)
yn ein canol ni (first-person plural)
yn dy ganol di (second-person singular)
yn eich canol chi (plural second-person)
yn ei ganol e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
yn ei chanol hi f (singular third-person)
yn eu canol nhw (plural third-person)


serch

From Proto-Indo-European *sterg- (literally “to cover, to protect”). Cognate with Breton serc'h (“concubine”), Old Irish serc (“love”); outside of Celtic, compare Ancient Greek στέργω (stérgō, “to love; to be content”).

cog

Mynychais i'r cyfarfod, serch yr annwyd trwm oedd arna' i.

I attended the meeting, despite having a heavy cold.

Serch popeth, awn ymlaen â'n cynlluniau.

Despite everything, we will go ahead with our plans.


i blith

i'n plith (first-person plural)
i'ch plith (plural second-person)
- m (singular third-person)
- f (singular third-person)
i'w plith (plural third-person)
i'n plith ni (first-person plural)
i'ch plith chi (plural second-person)
- m (singular third-person)
- f (singular third-person)
i'w plith nhw (plural third-person)


o blith

o'n plith (first-person plural)
o'ch plith (plural second-person)
- m (singular third-person)
- f (singular third-person)
o'u plith (plural third-person)
o'n plith ni (first-person plural)
o'ch plith chi (plural second-person)
- m (singular third-person)
- f (singular third-person)
o'u plith nhw (plural third-person)


ar ôl

ar fy ôl (first-person singular)
ar ein hôl (first-person plural)
ar dy ôl (second-person singular)
ar eich ôl (plural second-person)
ar ei ôl m (singular third-person)
ar ei hôl f (singular third-person)
ar eu ôl (plural third-person)
ar fy ôl i (first-person singular)
ar ein hôl ni (first-person plural)
ar dy ôl di (second-person singular)
ar eich ôl chi (plural second-person)
ar ei ôl e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
ar ei hôl hi f (singular third-person)
ar eu hôl nhw (plural third-person)

From Middle Welsh ar ol (literally “on the footprint (of)”)

der

Ar ôl hanner nos

Na i fynd ar ôl i chi orffen.


yn sgil

yn fy sgil (first-person singular)
yn ein sgil (first-person plural)
yn dy sgil (second-person singular)
yn eich sgil (plural second-person)
yn ei sgil m (singular third-person)
yn ei sgil f (singular third-person)
yn eu sgil (plural third-person)

as a result of, in the light of, in the wake of


o dan

head

o dan (triggers soft mutation on a following noun)

o danof (first-person singular)
o danom (first-person plural)
o danot (second-person singular)
o danoch (plural second-person)
o dano m (singular third-person)
o dani f (singular third-person)
o danynt (plural third-person)
o dano i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
o dana i (first-person singular)
o danon ni (first-person plural)
o danot ti (second-person singular)
o danat ti (second-person singular)
o danoch chi (plural second-person)
o dano fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
o dani hi f (singular third-person)
o danyn nhw (plural third-person)
dan (alternative)

From Middle Welsh a dan, from Old Welsh guotan. Reanalyzed in modern Welsh as o (“of, from”) + tan (“under”), but the first element is not actually o (“from”), but instead it was in reality Proto-Celtic *uɸo (“under”), which outside of o dan went extinct in Brittonic as a free-standing preposition.


rhag

rhagof (first-person singular)
rhagom (first-person plural)
rhagot (second-person singular)
rhagoch (plural second-person)
rhagddo m (singular third-person)
rhagddi f (singular third-person)
rhagddynt (plural third-person)
rhagddo i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
rhagdda i (first-person singular)
rhagddon ni (first-person plural)
rhagddot ti (second-person singular)
rhagddat ti (second-person singular)
rhagddoch chi (plural second-person)
rhagddo fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
rhagddi hi f (singular third-person)
rhagddyn nhw (plural third-person)

From Proto-Brythonic *rrak, from Proto-Indo-European *proko-, whence also Old Church Slavonic прокъ (prokŭ, “remaining”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-.

cog

from (with verbs such as atal (“stop”) and dianc (“escape”) and adjectives such as diogel (“safe”))


heibio

wrth fynd heibio'r drws

(colloquial) alternative form of heibio i


gerllaw

ger fy llaw (first-person singular)
ger ein llaw (first-person plural)
ger dy law (second-person singular)
ger eich llaw (plural second-person)
ger ei law m (singular third-person)
ger ei llaw f (singular third-person)
ger eu llaw (plural third-person)


amdan

From amdan-, the stem of inflected personal forms of am.

(North Wales, colloquial) alternative form of am (“about; for”)


o flaen

o'm blaen (first-person singular)
o'n blaen (first-person plural)
o'th flaen (second-person singular)
o'ch blaen (plural second-person)
o'i flaen m (singular third-person)
o'i blaen f (singular third-person)
o'u blaen (plural third-person)
o fy mlaen i (first-person singular)
o'n blaen ni (first-person plural)
o dy flaen di (second-person singular)
o'ch blaen chi (plural second-person)
o'i flaen e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
o'i blaen hi f (singular third-person)
o'u blaen nhw (plural third-person)


y tu ôl i

y tu ôl im (first-person singular)
y tu ôl imi (first-person singular)
y tu ôl inni (first-person plural)
y tu ôl it (second-person singular)
y tu ôl iti (second-person singular)
y tu ôl iwch (plural second-person)
y tu ôl ichwi (plural second-person)
y tu ôl iddo (singular third-person)
y tu ôl iddo ef m (singular third-person)
y tu ôl iddi (singular third-person)
y tu ôl iddi hi f (singular third-person)
y tu ôl iddynt (plural third-person)
y tu ôl iddynt hwy (plural third-person)
y tu ôl i mi (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
y tu ôl i ni (first-person plural)
y tu ôl i ti (second-person singular)
y tu ôl i chi (plural second-person)
y tu ôl iddo fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
y tu ôl iddi hi f (singular third-person)
y tu ôl iddyn nhw (plural third-person)
tu 'nôl i (alternative)
tu ôl i (alternative)
y tu 'nôl i (alternative)


tu ôl i

tu ôl i mi (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
tu ôl i ni (first-person plural)
tu ôl i ti (second-person singular)
tu ôl i chi (plural second-person)
tu ôl iddo fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
tu ôl iddi hi f (singular third-person)
tu ôl iddyn nhw (plural third-person)

(colloquial) alternative form of y tu ôl i


ambeutu

From am (“about, on”) + peutu (“every side”).

ambiti (alternative)
amboiti (alternative)
ambwti (alternative)
ambwyti (alternative)
ambyti (alternative)
ambythdi (alternative)

(South Wales, colloquial) about (concerning)


obeutu

From o (“of, from”) + peutu (“every side”); the second element is related to the historical pronoun beu- (“every”) (as in beunydd (“everyday”), Breton bemdez (“every day”); see pob (“each, every”)), but the entire word was probably influenced by English about.

biti (alternative)
boiti (alternative)
bwti (alternative)
bwyti (alternative)
byti (alternative)
bythdi (alternative)


heibio i

heibio im (first-person singular)
heibio imi (first-person singular)
heibio inni (first-person plural)
heibio it (second-person singular)
heibio iti (second-person singular)
heibio iwch (plural second-person)
heibio ichwi (plural second-person)
heibio iddo (singular third-person)
heibio iddo ef m (singular third-person)
heibio iddi (singular third-person)
heibio iddi hi f (singular third-person)
heibio iddynt (plural third-person)
heibio iddynt hwy (plural third-person)
heibio i mi (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
heibio i ni (first-person plural)
heibio i ti (second-person singular)
heibio i chi (plural second-person)
heibio iddo fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
heibio iddi hi f (singular third-person)
heibio iddyn nhw (plural third-person)
heibio (alternative)
heibo (alternative)

Camais i heibio iddo fo.

Mae afon yn llifo heibio i'r dref.


o gwmpas

o'm cwmpas (first-person singular)
o'n cwmpas (first-person plural)
o'th gwmpas (second-person singular)
o'ch cwmpas (plural second-person)
o'i gwmpas m (singular third-person)
o'i chwmpas f (singular third-person)
o'u cwmpas (plural third-person)
o fy nghwmpas i (first-person singular)
o'n cwmpas ni (first-person plural)
o dy gwmpas di (second-person singular)
o'ch cwmpas chi (plural second-person)
o'i gwmpas e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
o'i chwmpas hi f (singular third-person)
o'u cwmpas nhw (plural third-person)


heblaw

Univerbation of heb (“without”) + llaw (“hand”).


yn lle

yn fy lle (first-person singular)
yn ein lle (first-person plural)
yn dy le (second-person singular)
yn eich lle (plural second-person)
yn ei le m (singular third-person)
yn ei lle f (singular third-person)
yn eu lle (plural third-person)
yn fy lle i (first-person singular)
yn ein lle ni (first-person plural)
yn dy le di (second-person singular)
yn eich lle chi (plural second-person)
yn ei le e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
yn ei lle hi f (singular third-person)
yn eu lle nhw (plural third-person)


ar ben

ar fy mhen (first-person singular)
ar ein pen (first-person plural)
ar dy ben (second-person singular)
ar eich pen (plural second-person)
ar ei ben m (singular third-person)
ar ei phen f (singular third-person)
ar eu pen (plural third-person)
ar fy mhen i (first-person singular)
ar ein pen ni (first-person plural)
ar dy ben di (second-person singular)
ar eich pen chi (plural second-person)
ar ei ben e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
ar ei phen hi f (singular third-person)
ar eu pen nhw (plural third-person)


oddi wrth

head

oddi wrth (triggers soft mutation on a following noun)

oddi wrthyf (first-person singular)
oddi wrthom (first-person plural)
oddi wrthyt (second-person singular)
oddi wrthoch (plural second-person)
oddi wrtho m (singular third-person)
oddi wrthi f (singular third-person)
oddi wrthynt (plural third-person)
oddi wrtho i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
oddi wrtha i (first-person singular)
oddi wrthon ni (first-person plural)
oddi wrthot ti (second-person singular)
oddi wrthat ti (second-person singular)
oddi wrthoch chi (plural second-person)
oddi wrtho fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
oddi wrthi hi f (singular third-person)
oddi wrthyn nhw (plural third-person)
oddiwrth (alternative)


fesul

Clipping of o fesul, a dissimilated version of o fesur (literally “from the measurement”). Similar dissimilation occurs in cornel (“corner”), dresel (“dresser”) and rasel (“razor”).

fesul un


ar ran

ar fy rhan (first-person singular)
ar ein rhan (first-person plural)
ar dy ran (second-person singular)
ar eich rhan (plural second-person)
ar ei ran m (singular third-person)
ar ei rhan f (singular third-person)
ar eu rhan (plural third-person)
ar fy rhan i (first-person singular)
ar ein rhan ni (first-person plural)
ar dy ran di (second-person singular)
ar eich rhan chi (plural second-person)
ar ei ran e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
ar ei rhan hi f (singular third-person)
ar eu rhan nhw (plural third-person)


o amgylch

o'm hamgylch (first-person singular)
o'n hamgylch (first-person plural)
o'th amgylch (second-person singular)
o'ch amgylch (plural second-person)
o'i amgylch m (singular third-person)
o'i hamgylch f (singular third-person)
o'u hamgylch (plural third-person)
o fy amgylch i (first-person singular)
o'n hamgylch ni (first-person plural)
o dy amgylch di (second-person singular)
o'ch amgylch chi (plural second-person)
o'i amgylch e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
o'i hamgylch hi f (singular third-person)
o'u hamgylch nhw (plural third-person)


namyn

yn (particle) + amwyn (“to seize, to take away”), from Proto-Celtic *ambi- + *wīkā.


oddi ar

head

oddi ar (triggers soft mutation on a following noun)

oddi arnaf (first-person singular)
oddi arnom (first-person plural)
oddi arnat (second-person singular)
oddi arnoch (plural second-person)
oddi arno m (singular third-person)
oddi arni f (singular third-person)
oddi arnynt (plural third-person)
oddi arno i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
oddi arna i (first-person singular)
oddi arnon ni (first-person plural)
oddi arnot ti (second-person singular)
oddi arnat ti (second-person singular)
oddi arnoch chi (plural second-person)
oddi arno fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
oddi arni hi f (singular third-person)
oddi arnyn nhw (plural third-person)
oddiar (alternative)

Mae wedi creu penawdau ar y cae ac oddi arno.

He has made headlines on the pitch and off it.

Cipiwyd y tiriogaethau oddi ar y gelyn.

The territories were snatched from the enemy.

from (with verbs of taking, snatching, stealing etc.)

Rwy yma oddi ar yr oriau mân.

I've been here since the early hours of the morning.


oddi tan

oddi tan (triggers soft mutation on a following noun)

oddi tanof (first-person singular)
oddi tanom (first-person plural)
oddi tanot (second-person singular)
oddi tanoch (plural second-person)
oddi tano m (singular third-person)
oddi tani f (singular third-person)
oddi tanynt (plural third-person)
oddi tano i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
oddi tana i (first-person singular)
oddi tanon ni (first-person plural)
oddi tanot ti (second-person singular)
oddi tanat ti (second-person singular)
oddi tanoch chi (plural second-person)
oddi tano fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
oddi tani hi f (singular third-person)
oddi tanyn nhw (plural third-person)
odditan (alternative)


heblaw am

heblaw amdanaf (first-person singular)
heblaw amdanom (first-person plural)
heblaw amdanat (second-person singular)
heblaw amdanoch (plural second-person)
heblaw amdano m (singular third-person)
heblaw amdani f (singular third-person)
heblaw amdanynt (plural third-person)
heblaw amdano i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
heblaw amdana i (first-person singular)
heblaw amdanon ni (first-person plural)
heblaw amdanot ti (second-person singular)
heblaw amdanat ti (second-person singular)
heblaw amdanoch chi (plural second-person)
heblaw amdano fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
heblaw amdani hi f (singular third-person)
heblaw amdanyn nhw (plural third-person)


am ben

am fy mhen (first-person singular)
am ein pen (first-person plural)
am dy ben (second-person singular)
am eich pen (plural second-person)
am ei ben m (singular third-person)
am ei phen f (singular third-person)
am eu pen (plural third-person)
am fy mhen i (first-person singular)
am ein pen ni (first-person plural)
am dy ben di (second-person singular)
am eich pen chi (plural second-person)
am ei ben e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
am ei phen hi f (singular third-person)
am eu pen nhw (plural third-person)


ar gefn

ar fy nghefn (first-person singular)
ar ein cefn (first-person plural)
ar dy gefn (second-person singular)
ar eich cefn (plural second-person)
ar ei gefn m (singular third-person)
ar ei chefn f (singular third-person)
ar eu cefn (plural third-person)
ar fy nghefn i (first-person singular)
ar ein cefn ni (first-person plural)
ar dy gefn di (second-person singular)
ar eich cefn chi (plural second-person)
ar ei gefn e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
ar ei chefn hi f (singular third-person)
ar eu cefn nhw (plural third-person)


ar gownt

ar fy nghownt (first-person singular)
ar ein cownt (first-person plural)
ar dy gownt (second-person singular)
ar eich cownt (plural second-person)
ar ei gownt m (singular third-person)
ar ei chownt f (singular third-person)
ar eu cownt (plural third-person)
ar fy nghownt i (first-person singular)
ar ein cownt ni (first-person plural)
ar dy gownt di (second-person singular)
ar eich cownt chi (plural second-person)
ar ei gownt e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
ar ei chownt hi f (singular third-person)
ar eu cownt nhw (plural third-person)


ar gyfrif

ar fy nghyfrif (first-person singular)
ar ein cyfrif (first-person plural)
ar dy gyfrif (second-person singular)
ar eich cyfrif (plural second-person)
ar ei gyfrif m (singular third-person)
ar ei chyfrif f (singular third-person)
ar eu cyfrif (plural third-person)
ar fy nghyfrif i (first-person singular)
ar ein cyfrif ni (first-person plural)
ar dy gyfrif di (second-person singular)
ar eich cyfrif chi (plural second-person)
ar ei gyfrif e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
ar ei chyfrif hi f (singular third-person)
ar eu cyfrif nhw (plural third-person)


ar gyfyl

ar fy nghyfyl (first-person singular)
ar ein cyfyl (first-person plural)
ar dy gyfyl (second-person singular)
ar eich cyfyl (plural second-person)
ar ei gyfyl m (singular third-person)
ar ei chyfyl f (singular third-person)
ar eu cyfyl (plural third-person)
ar fy nghyfyl i (first-person singular)
ar ein cyfyl ni (first-person plural)
ar dy gyfyl di (second-person singular)
ar eich cyfyl chi (plural second-person)
ar ei gyfyl e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
ar ei chyfyl hi f (singular third-person)
ar eu cyfyl nhw (plural third-person)

Elwn i ddim ar gyfyl y lle!


ar hyd

ar fy hyd (first-person singular)
ar ein hyd (first-person plural)
ar dy hyd (second-person singular)
ar eich hyd (plural second-person)
ar ei hyd (singular third-person)
ar hyd-ddo m (singular third-person)
ar hyd-ddi f (singular third-person)
ar ei hyd (plural third-person)
ar hyd-ddynt (plural third-person)
ar fy hyd i (first-person singular)
ar ein hyd ni (first-person plural)
ar dy hyd di (second-person singular)
ar eich hyd chi (plural second-person)
ar ei hyd e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
ar ei hyd hi f (singular third-person)
ar eu hyd nhw (plural third-person)


ar ochr

ar f'ochr (first-person singular)
ar ein hochr (first-person plural)
ar d'ochr (second-person singular)
ar eich ochr (plural second-person)
ar ei ochr m (singular third-person)
ar ei hochr f (singular third-person)
ar eu ochr (plural third-person)
ar fy ochr i (first-person singular)
ar ein hochr ni (first-person plural)
ar dy ochr di (second-person singular)
ar eich ochr chi (plural second-person)
ar ei ochr e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
ar ei hochr hi f (singular third-person)
ar eu ochr nhw (plural third-person)


wrth ochr

wrth fy ochr (first-person singular)
wrth ein hochr (first-person plural)
wrth dy ochr (second-person singular)
wrth eich ochr (plural second-person)
wrth ei ochr m (singular third-person)
ar ei hochr f (singular third-person)
wrth eu ochr (plural third-person)
wrth fy ochr i (first-person singular)
wrth ein hochr ni (first-person plural)
wrth dy ochr di (second-person singular)
wrth eich ochr chi (plural second-person)
wrth ei ochr e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
wrth ei hochr hi f (singular third-person)
wrth eu ochr nhw (plural third-person)


ar uchaf

ar f'uchaf (first-person singular)
ar ein huchaf (first-person plural)
ar d'uchaf (second-person singular)
ar eich uchaf (plural second-person)
ar ei uchaf m (singular third-person)
ar ei huchaf f (singular third-person)
ar eu uchaf (plural third-person)


ar warthaf

ar fy ngwarthaf (first-person singular)
ar ein gwarthaf (first-person plural)
ar dy warthaf (second-person singular)
ar eich gwarthaf (plural second-person)
ar ei warthaf m (singular third-person)
ar ei gwarthaf f (singular third-person)
ar eu gwarthaf (plural third-person)


er gwaethaf

er fy ngwaethaf (first-person singular)
er ein gwaethaf (first-person plural)
er dy waethaf (second-person singular)
er eich gwaethaf (plural second-person)
er ei waethaf m (singular third-person)
er ei gwaethaf f (singular third-person)
er eu gwaethaf (plural third-person)
er gwaetha (alternative)

/ɛr ˈɡweɨ̯θa/


ar ymyl

ar f'ymyl (first-person singular)
ar ein hymyl (first-person plural)
ar d'ymyl (second-person singular)
ar eich ymyl (plural second-person)
ar ei ymyl m (singular third-person)
ar ei hymyl f (singular third-person)
ar eu ymyl (plural third-person)
ar fy ymyl i (first-person singular)
ar ein hymyl ni (first-person plural)
ar dy ymyl di (second-person singular)
ar eich ymyl chi (plural second-person)
ar ei ymyl e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
ar ei hymyl hi f (singular third-person)
ar eu ymyl nhw (plural third-person)


yn ymyl

yn f'ymyl (first-person singular)
yn ein hymyl (first-person plural)
yn d'ymyl (second-person singular)
yn eich ymyl (plural second-person)
yn ei ymyl m (singular third-person)
yn ei hymyl f (singular third-person)
yn eu ymyl (plural third-person)
yn fy ymyl i (first-person singular)
yn ein hymyl ni (first-person plural)
yn dy ymyl di (second-person singular)
yn eich ymyl chi (plural second-person)
yn ei ymyl e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
yn ei hymyl hi f (singular third-person)
yn eu ymyl nhw (plural third-person)


dros ben

Beth wnawn ni gyda'r holl fwyd dros ben?

What shall we do with all the leftover food?

left over, leftover, surplus, residual, excess


er mwyn

er fy mwyn (first-person singular)
er ein mwyn (first-person plural)
er dy fwyn (second-person singular)
er eich mwyn (plural second-person)
er ei fwyn m (singular third-person)
er ei mwyn f (singular third-person)
er eu mwyn (plural third-person)
er fy mwyn i (first-person singular)
er ein mwyn ni (first-person plural)
er dy fwyn di (second-person singular)
er eich mwyn chi (plural second-person)
er ei fwyn e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
er ei mwyn hi f (singular third-person)
er eu mwyn nhw (plural third-person)

Rwy'n gwneud hyn er dy fwyn di, cariad.

I'm doing this for you(r sake), my love.

for the sake of (when followed by a noun, pronoun or numeral)

Mae angen gweithredu er mwyn atal y broblem rhag gwaethygu.

We need to act in order to prevent the problem from getting any worse.

in order to (when followed by a verbnoun)


gerbron

ger fy mron (first-person singular)
ger ein bron (first-person plural)
ger dy fron (second-person singular)
ger eich bron (plural second-person)
ger ei fron m (singular third-person)
ger ei bron f (singular third-person)
ger eu bron (plural third-person)


i fysg

i'n mysg (first-person plural)
i'ch mysg (plural second-person)
- m (singular third-person)
- f (singular third-person)
i'w mysg (plural third-person)
i'n mysg ni (first-person plural)
i'ch mysg chi (plural second-person)
- m (singular third-person)
- f (singular third-person)
i'w mysg nhw (plural third-person)


o fysg

o'n mysg (first-person plural)
o'ch mysg (plural second-person)
- m (singular third-person)
- f (singular third-person)
o'u mysg (plural third-person)
o'n mysg ni (first-person plural)
o'ch mysg chi (plural second-person)
- m (singular third-person)
- f (singular third-person)
o'u mysg nhw (plural third-person)


i ganol

i'm canol (first-person singular)
i'n canol (first-person plural)
i'th ganol (second-person singular)
i'ch canol (plural second-person)
i'w ganol m (singular third-person)
i'w chanol f (singular third-person)
i'w canol (plural third-person)
i fy nghanol i (first-person singular)
i'n canol ni (first-person plural)
i dy ganol di (second-person singular)
i'ch canol chi (plural second-person)
i'w ganol e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
i'w chanol hi f (singular third-person)
i'w canol nhw (plural third-person)


o ganol

o'm canol (first-person singular)
o'n canol (first-person plural)
o'th ganol (second-person singular)
o'ch canol (plural second-person)
o'i ganol m (singular third-person)
o'i chanol f (singular third-person)
o'u canol (plural third-person)
i fy nghanol i (first-person singular)
o'n canol ni (first-person plural)
i dy ganol di (second-person singular)
o'ch canol chi (plural second-person)
o'i ganol e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
o'i chanol hi f (singular third-person)
o'u canol nhw (plural third-person)


ar ganol

ar fy nghanol (first-person singular)
ar ein canol (first-person plural)
ar dy ganol (second-person singular)
ar eich canol (plural second-person)
ar ei ganol m (singular third-person)
ar ei chanol f (singular third-person)
ar eu canol (plural third-person)
ar fy nghanol i (first-person singular)
ar ein canol ni (first-person plural)
ar dy ganol di (second-person singular)
ar eich canol chi (plural second-person)
ar ei ganol e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
ar ei chanol hi f (singular third-person)
ar eu canol nhw (plural third-person)


is gil

is fy nghil (first-person singular)
is ein cil (first-person plural)
is dy gil (second-person singular)
is eich cil (plural second-person)
is ei gil m (singular third-person)
is ei chil f (singular third-person)
is eu cil (plural third-person)


o achos

o'm hachos (first-person singular)
o'n hachos (first-person plural)
o'th achos (second-person singular)
o'ch achos (plural second-person)
o'i achos m (singular third-person)
o'i hachos f (singular third-person)
o'u achos (plural third-person)
o fy achos i (first-person singular)
o'n hachos ni (first-person plural)
o dy achos di (second-person singular)
o'ch achos chi (plural second-person)
o'i achos e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
o'i hachos hi f (singular third-person)
o'u hachos nhw (plural third-person)


o blaid

o'm plaid (first-person singular)
o'n plaid (first-person plural)
o'th blad (second-person singular)
o'ch plaid (plural second-person)
o'i blaid m (singular third-person)
o'i phlaid f (singular third-person)
o'u plaid (plural third-person)
o fy mhlaid i (first-person singular)
o'n plaid ni (first-person plural)
o dy blaid di (second-person singular)
o'ch plaid chi (plural second-person)
o'i blaid e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
o'i phlaid hi f (singular third-person)
o'u plaid nhw (plural third-person)


yn erbyn

yn fy erbyn (first-person singular)
yn ein herbyn (first-person plural)
yn dy erbyn (second-person singular)
yn eich erbyn (plural second-person)
yn ei erbyn m (singular third-person)
yn ei herbyn f (singular third-person)
yn eu herbyn (plural third-person)
yn fy erbyn i (first-person singular)
yn ein herbyn ni (first-person plural)
yn dy erbyn di (second-person singular)
yn eich erbyn chi (plural second-person)
yn ei erbyn e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
yn ei herbyn hi f (singular third-person)
yn eu herbyn nhw (plural third-person)


oblegid

o'm plegid (first-person singular)
o'n plegid (first-person plural)
o'th blegid (second-person singular)
o'ch plegid (plural second-person)
o'i blegid m (singular third-person)
o'i phlegid f (singular third-person)
o'u plegid (plural third-person)


o fewn

o'm mewn (first-person singular)
o'n mewn (first-person plural)
o'th fewn (second-person singular)
o'ch mewn (plural second-person)
o'i fewn m (singular third-person)
o'i mewn f (singular third-person)
o'u mewn (plural third-person)


o gylch

o'm cylch (first-person singular)
o'n cylch (first-person plural)
o'th gylch (second-person singular)
o'ch cylch (plural second-person)
o'i gylch m (singular third-person)
o'i chylch f (singular third-person)
o'u cylch (plural third-person)


ynghylch

yn fy nghylch (first-person singular)
yn ein plith (first-person plural)
yn dy gylch (second-person singular)
yn eich plith (plural second-person)
yn ei ylch m (singular third-person)
yn ei chylch f (singular third-person)
yn eu plith (plural third-person)
yn (fy) nghylch i i (first-person singular)
yn ein plith ni ni (first-person plural)
yn dy gylch di ti (second-person singular)
yn eich plith chi chi (plural second-person)
yn ei ylch e (singular third-person)
o fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
yn ei chylch hi hi f (singular third-person)
yn eu plith nhw nhw (plural third-person)

From yn (“in”) + cylch (“circle, range, surroundings”).


o ran

o'm rhan (first-person singular)
o'n rhan (first-person plural)
o'th ran (second-person singular)
o'ch rhan (plural second-person)
o'i ran m (singular third-person)
o'i rhan f (singular third-person)
o'u rhan (plural third-person)
o fy rhan i (first-person singular)
o'n rhan ni (first-person plural)
o dy ran di (second-person singular)
o'ch rhan chi (plural second-person)
o'i ran e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
o'i rhan hi f (singular third-person)
o'u rhan nhw (plural third-person)

with regard to, in the matter of, -wise, when it comes to, as far as … am/is/are concerned


rhag bron

rhag fy mron (first-person singular)
rhag ein bron (first-person plural)
rhag dy fron (second-person singular)
rhag eich bron (plural second-person)
rhag ei fron m (singular third-person)
rhag ei bron f (singular third-person)
rhag eu bron (plural third-person)


wrth ymyl

ywrthn f'ymyl (first-person singular)
wrth ein hymyl (first-person plural)
wrth d'ymyl (second-person singular)
wrth eich ymyl (plural second-person)
wrth ei ymyl m (singular third-person)
wrth ei hymyl f (singular third-person)
wrth eu ymyl (plural third-person)
wrth fy ymyl i (first-person singular)
wrth ein hymyl ni (first-person plural)
wrth dy ymyl di (second-person singular)
wrth eich ymyl chi (plural second-person)
wrth ei ymyl e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
wrth ei hymyl hi f (singular third-person)
wrth eu ymyl nhw (plural third-person)


yn herwydd

yn fy herwydd (first-person singular)
yn ein herwydd (first-person plural)
yn dy herwydd (second-person singular)
yn eich herwydd (plural second-person)
yn ei herwydd m (singular third-person)
yn ei herwydd f (singular third-person)
yn eu herwydd (plural third-person)

/ənˈhɛrwɨ̞ð/

/ənˈhɛrʊi̯ð/


yn wysg

yn fy wysg (first-person singular)
yn ein hwysg (first-person plural)
yn dy wysg (second-person singular)
yn eich wysg (plural second-person)
yn ei wysg m (singular third-person)
yn ei hwysg f (singular third-person)
yn eu hwysg (plural third-person)


yng ngŵydd

yn fy ngŵydd (first-person singular)
yn ein gŵydd (first-person plural)
yn dy ŵydd (second-person singular)
yn eich gŵydd (plural second-person)
yn ei ŵydd m (singular third-person)
yn ei gŵydd f (singular third-person)
yn eu gŵydd (plural third-person)


ac eithrio

a'm heithrio (first-person singular)
a'n heithrio (first-person plural)
a'th eithrio (second-person singular)
a'ch eithrio (plural second-person)
a'i eithrio m (singular third-person)
a'i heithrio f (singular third-person)
a'u heithrio (plural third-person)


herwydd

Cognate with Cornish herwydh (“according to”), Breton hervez (“according to”); ultimately from a Proto-Celtic *ɸari-wid-.


tuag at

tuag ataf (first-person singular)
tuag atom (first-person plural)
tuag atat (second-person singular)
tuag atoch (plural second-person)
tuag ato m (singular third-person)
tuag ati f (singular third-person)
tuag atynt (plural third-person)
tuag ato i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
tuag ata i (first-person singular)
tuag aton ni (first-person plural)
tuag atot ti (second-person singular)
tuag atat ti (second-person singular)
tuag atoch chi (plural second-person)
tuag ato fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
tuag ati hi f (singular third-person)
tuag atyn nhw (plural third-person)
tuag at
nhuag at
thuag at


gyferbyn â

cyferbyn â
gyferbyn â (soft)
nghyferbyn â
chyferbyn â

/ɡəˈvɛrbɨ̞n ˌa/

Soft mutated form of cyferbyn (“opposite”) + â (“with”).

Mae'r maes parcio gyferbyn â hwn yn rhatach.

The car park opposite this one is cheaper.


chwadal

* North-western version of chwedl with characteristic final vowel /a/.

chadal (alternative)
chwedl (alternative)

“Mae Cymry Cymraeg sydd yn mynd i swyddi o ‘bwys’, chwadal hwythau, lle maen nhw’n gallu ffurfio polisi a gwneud gwahaniaeth, â themtasiwn enfawr – nid o’u hewyllys nhw ond o natur y swydd – i blygu nôl gymaint ag y medran nhw i beidio â chael eu cyhuddo o fod yn eithafwyr, i beidio â chael eu cyhuddo o fod yn granciaid Cymraeg. Maen nhw mor barod i gyfaddawdu. Ond pan fo Sais yn dwad – yn cymryd diddordeb ac yn gweld bod yna rywbeth diddorol o gwmpas y diwylliant newydd yma mae’n dod i fyny iddo fo – gewch chi hwnnw yn fwy ymroddgar o lawer.

“Welsh-speakers who go into jobs that are ‘important’, as they would have it, where they can form policy and make a difference, have a great temptation – not of their own volition but from the very nature of the job – to concede as much as they can in order not to be accused of being extemists, not to be accused of being Welsh-language cranks. They are so ready to compromise. But when an English-speaker comes along – and takes an interest and sees that there is something interesting about this new culture they come upon – that person is far more committed.

Pwy oeddet ti'n ei ffansio pan yn ieuengach? Valerie Singleton! Na, sgin i ddim cof o ffansio neb pan yn ieuengach, ond o'n i YN ffansio Kylie......ond do'n i ddim yn ifanc! 'I just can't get you out of my head', 'chwadal yr hen Sheila.

Who did you fancy when you were younger? Valerie Singleton! No, I don't have any memory of fancying anyone when I was younger, but I DID fance Kylie......but I wasn't young! 'I just can't get you out of my head', in the words of the old Sheila.


wrth fodd

wrth fy modd (first-person singular)
wrth ein bodd (first-person plural)
wrth ein boddau (first-person plural)
wrth dy fodd (second-person singular)
wrth eich bodd (plural second-person)
wrth eich boddau (plural second-person)
wrth ei fodd m (singular third-person)
wrth ei bodd f (singular third-person)
wrth eu bodd (plural third-person)
wrth eu boddau (plural third-person)

Gwn na fydd hyn wrth fodd pawb.

I know that not everybody will like this.

Mae hi wrth ei bodd ar lan y môr.

Roeddwn i wrth fy modd yn yr Eisteddfod.

Byddem wrth ein boddau.

1588, Y Beibl cyssegr-lan, Ruth 2:13:
Yna hi a ddywedodd, Caffwyf ffafr yn dy olwg di, fy arglwydd; gan i ti fy nghysuro i, a chan i ti lefaru wrth fodd calon dy wasanaethferch, er nad ydwyf fel un o'th lawforynion di.
Then she said, "Let me find favor in your sight, my lord; for you have comforted me, and have spoken kindly to [lit. "to the delight of the heart of"] your maidservant, though I am not like one of your maidservants."


uwchlaw

uwch fy llaw (first-person singular)
uwch ein llaw (first-person plural)
uwch dy law (second-person singular)
uwch eich llaw (plural second-person)
uwch ei law m (singular third-person)
uwch ei llaw f (singular third-person)
uwch eu llaw (plural third-person)
uchlaw (alternative)

/ɨ̞u̯χˈlaːu̯/


o anfodd

o'm anfodd (first-person singular)
o'n hanfodd (first-person plural)
o'th anfodd (second-person singular)
o'ch anfodd (plural second-person)
o'i anfodd m (singular third-person)
o'i hanfodd f (singular third-person)
o'u hanfodd (plural third-person)
o'n anfodd i (first-person singular)
o'n hanfodd ni (first-person plural)
o dy anfodd di (second-person singular)
o'ch anfodd chi (plural second-person)
o'i anfodd e (singular third-person)
o m (singular third-person)
o'i hanfodd hi f (singular third-person)
o'u hanfodd nhw (plural third-person)

From Middle Welsh: o anuoð. Literally “from displeasure of…”.


rhad ar

head

rhad ar (triggers soft mutation or h-prothesis if before ugain)

rhad arnaf (first-person singular)
rhad arnom (first-person plural)
rhad arnat (second-person singular)
rhad arnoch (plural second-person)
rhad arno m (singular third-person)
rhad arni f (singular third-person)
rhad arnynt (plural third-person)
rhad arno i (first-person singular)
fi (first-person singular)
rhad arna i (first-person singular)
rhad arnon ni (first-person plural)
rhad arnot ti (second-person singular)
rhad arnat ti (second-person singular)
rhad arnoch chi (plural second-person)
rhad arno fe (singular third-person)
fo m (singular third-person)
rhad arni hi f (singular third-person)
rhad arnyn nhw (plural third-person)


dim bwys

“Dim bwys! Tyd!” gorchmynnodd Elsie

2003, Bethan Gwanas, Gwrach y Gwyllt [The Witch of the Wild], Tal-y-bont: Y Lolfa, →ISBN, page 203:


dim bwys

A hefyd, dim bwys beth sy'n digwydd heddiw, ddyla Ten Hag ddim fod y rheolwr tymor nesaf.

And also, no matter what happens today, Ten Hag should not be the manager next season.


hyd at

hyd ataf (first-person singular)
hyd atom (first-person plural)
hyd atat (second-person singular)
hyd atoch (plural second-person)
hyd ato m (singular third-person)
hyd ati f (singular third-person)
hyd atynt (plural third-person)


ymhen

From Middle Welsh ympenn. By surface analysis, yn + pen (“head”).


y tu allan i

tu allan (alternative)
tu allan i (alternative)
y tu allan (alternative)


y tu draw i

tu draw (alternative)
tu draw i (alternative)
y tu draw (alternative)


y tu mewn i

tu fewn (alternative)
tu fewn i (alternative)
tu mewn (alternative)
tu mewn i (alternative)
y tu fewn (alternative)
y tu fewn i (alternative)
y tu mewn (alternative)


tu allan

tu allan
du allan (soft)
nhu allan
thu allan

abbreviation of y tu allan i (“outside, outside of”)