filo

la-verb

fīlō (present infinitive fīlāre, perfect active fīlāvī, supine fīlātum); first conjugation

fīlō (canonical)
fīlāre (infinitive present)
fīlāvī (active perfect)
fīlātum (supine)
fīlō (active first-person indicative present singular)
fīlās (active indicative present second-person singular)
fīlat (active indicative present singular third-person)
fīlāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
fīlātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
fīlant (active indicative plural present third-person)
fīlābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
fīlābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fīlābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
fīlābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
fīlābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
fīlābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fīlābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
fīlābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
fīlābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
fīlābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
fīlābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
fīlābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
fīlāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
fīlāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
fīlāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
fīlāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
fīlāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
fīlāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
fīlāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
fīlāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
fīlāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
fīlāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
fīlāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
fīlāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
fīlāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
fīlāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
fīlāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
fīlāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
fīlāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
fīlāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
fīlāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
fīlor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
fīlāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
fīlāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
fīlātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
fīlāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
fīlāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
fīlantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
fīlābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
fīlābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
fīlābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
fīlābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
fīlābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
fīlābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
fīlābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
fīlābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
fīlābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
fīlāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
fīlābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
fīlābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
fīlābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
fīlābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
fīlem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
fīlēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
fīlet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
fīlēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
fīlētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
fīlent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
fīlārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
fīlārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fīlāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fīlārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
fīlārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fīlārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fīlāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
fīlāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fīlāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fīlāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
fīlāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fīlāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fīlāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
fīlāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fīlāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fīlāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
fīlāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fīlāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fīler (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
fīlēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
fīlēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
fīlētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
fīlēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
fīlēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
fīlentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
fīlārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
fīlārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fīlārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fīlārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fīlārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
fīlārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fīlārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fīlā (active imperative present second-person singular)
fīlāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
fīlātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
fīlātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
fīlātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
fīlantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
fīlāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
fīlāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
fīlātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
fīlātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
fīlantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
fīlāre (active infinitive present)
fīlārī (infinitive passive present)
fīlāns (active participle present)
fīlātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
fīlātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
fīlātūrus (active future participle)
fīlandus (future participle passive)
fīlāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
fīlātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
fīlātus (participle passive perfect)
fīlātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
fīlātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
fīlandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
fīlandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
fīlandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
fīlandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
fīlātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
fīlātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Dalmatian:

filuor

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: filà

Italian: filare

Neapolitan: filare

Sicilian: filari

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: filar

Franco-Provençal: felar

French: filer

Gascon: hilar

Occitan: filar

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: filar

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: fiar
Galician: fiar
Portuguese: fiar

Spanish: hilar

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: filare

From fīlum (“thread”, noun) + -ō (verb-forming suffix). Documented from the fourth century AD.


membrum

la-noun

membrum n (genitive membrī); second declension

membrī (genitive)
membrum (nominative singular)
membra (nominative plural)
membrī (genitive singular)
membrōrum (genitive plural)
membrō (dative singular)
membrīs (dative plural)
membrum (accusative singular)
membra (accusative plural)
membrō (ablative singular)
membrīs (ablative plural)
membrum (singular vocative)
membra (plural vocative)

Asturian: miembru

Catalan: membre

→ Old French: membre

French: membre

→ Romanian: membru

→ Middle English: membre

English: member

→ Old Irish: membur

Middle Irish: memmur

Irish: meamar

Italian: membro

Occitan: membre

Piedmontese: menbro

Old Galician-Portuguese: nembro, membro

Galician: membro; nembro

Portuguese: membro

Romansch: member

Sardinian: membru

Spanish: miembro

→⇒ Welsh: mymryn

From Proto-Italic *memzrom, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗms, *mēms-rom (“flesh”).

der

(Late Latin, Christianity) member of the Body of Christ, member of the church


pares

la-noun

parēs ? (genitive parētis); third declension

parēs (canonical)
parētis (genitive)
parēs (nominative singular)
parētēs (nominative plural)
parētis (genitive singular)
parētum (genitive plural)
parētī (dative singular)
parētibus (dative plural)
parētem (accusative singular)
parētēs (accusative plural)
parēte (ablative singular)
parētibus (ablative plural)
parēs (singular vocative)
parētēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Istro-Romanian: parete m

Romanian: perete, părete, parete m

Italo-Romance:

Italian: parete

Sicilian: pariti

North Italian:

Friulian: parêt

Old Ligurian: parea

Piedmontese: parei

desc

Romansch: paraid, preit (Sursilvan), pare (Sutsilvan, Surmiran)

Old Venetan: parede m

Venetan: paré m

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: paret

Franco-Provençal: parêt

Old French: pareit, parei, paroi

French: paroi

Norman: paré

Occitan: paret

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: paret, parete

Asturian: parede, paré

Leonese: parede

Old Galician-Portuguese: parede

Galician: parede

Portuguese: parede

Spanish: pared

desctree

→ Proto-Brythonic: *paruɨd
Old Cornish: poruit
Middle Welsh: parwyt, paraet, paret
Welsh: pared

From Classical pariēs m, with hiatic unstressed /ĭ/ > [j] followed by monophthongization of [je] to [eː]. Inscriptionally attested in the form ⟨parete⟩.


cara

la-noun

cara f (genitive carae); first declension

carae (genitive)
cara (nominative singular)
carae (nominative plural)
carae (genitive singular)
carārum (genitive plural)
carae (dative singular)
carīs (dative plural)
caram (accusative singular)
carās (accusative plural)
carā (ablative singular)
carīs (ablative plural)
cara (singular vocative)
carae (plural vocative)

North Italian:

Old Ligurian: cera

→ Gallurese: cera

Ligurian: cêa

→ Sassarese: cera

Piedmontese: cera

Northern Gallo-Romance:

desctree

Old French: chiere
French: chère
→ Middle English: chere
English: cheer

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: cara

Catalan: cara

→ Sardinian: cara

q

merger with <i class="Latn mention" lang="oc">visatge</i>

Occitan: cara ⇒ caratge (merger with visatge)

Nord-Occitan: chara

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese: cara

Asturian: cara

Extremaduran: cara

Leonese: cara

Mirandese: cara

Old Galician-Portuguese: cara

Fala: cara

Galician: cara

Portuguese: cara

Old Spanish: cara

Spanish: cara

Apparently borrowed from Ancient Greek κάρᾱ (kárā, “head, face”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂-(e)s-n-, from the root *ḱerh₂- (“top, head, horn”). Cognate to Latin cornū, corvus, crabrō, cerebrum and cernuus.
Attested tenuously in a single late Latin glossary, where it is given as Greek, and then in medieval Latin documents from Spain. Appears in Romance languages with the meaning “face, facial features” (corresponding to Latin vultus).

'Gargara' quasi cara, caros, idest 'caput, capitis'

Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum, 4 587.8, (etymologising on Virgil's Georgics III, 269)

dente […] dolentibus et carā satis antidotī adpositum prōdest

(Late Latin, rare, glosses, Medieval Latin, uncertain) the head


cama

la-noun

cama f (genitive camae); first declension

camae (genitive)
cama (nominative singular)
camae (nominative plural)
camae (genitive singular)
camārum (genitive plural)
camae (dative singular)
camīs (dative plural)
camam (accusative singular)
camās (accusative plural)
camā (ablative singular)
camīs (ablative plural)
cama (singular vocative)
camae (plural vocative)

Asturian: cama

Mirandese: cama

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: cama
Galician: cama
Portuguese: cama (see there for further descendants)

Spanish: cama (see there for further descendants)

Isidore, quoted below, folk-etymologises a dubious Greek origin. Still, no solid alternative is available. The distribution of its descendants may suggest it was borrowed from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia.

Camisias vocari quod in his dormimus in camis, id est in stratis nostris.
Cama est brevis et circa terram; Graeci enim χαμαὶ breve dicunt.
They are called bed-shirts because in these we sleep on beds, that is, on our beds.

ca. 600, Isidorus Hispalensis [Isidore of Seville], Etymologiae, 19, 22, 29 & 20, 11, 2. In: Isidori Hispalensis episcopi etymologiarum sive originum libri XX. Recognovit brevique adnotatione critica instruxit W. M. Linday. Tomus II libros XI–XX continens, Oxonium, 1911

A bed is low and near the ground, for the Greeks say χαμαὶ for "low".


praesto

la-verb

praestō (present infinitive praestāre, perfect active praestitī or praestāvī, supine praestātum or praestitum); first conjugation

praestō (canonical)
praestāre (infinitive present)
praestitī (active perfect)
praestāvī (active perfect)
praestātum (supine)
praestitum (supine)
praestō (active first-person indicative present singular)
praestās (active indicative present second-person singular)
praestat (active indicative present singular third-person)
praestāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
praestātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
praestant (active indicative plural present third-person)
praestābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
praestābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
praestābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
praestābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
praestābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
praestābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
praestābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
praestābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
praestābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
praestābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
praestābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
praestābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
praestitī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
praestāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
praestitistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
praestāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
praestitit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
praestāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
praestitimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
praestāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
praestitistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
praestāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
praestitēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
praestitērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
praestāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
praestāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
praestiteram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
praestāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
praestiterās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
praestāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
praestiterat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
praestāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
praestiterāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
praestāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
praestiterātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
praestāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
praestiterant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
praestāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
praestiterō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
praestāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
praestiteris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
praestāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
praestiterit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
praestāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
praestiterimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
praestāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
praestiteritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
praestāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
praestiterint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
praestāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
praestor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
praestāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
praestāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
praestātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
praestāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
praestāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
praestantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
praestābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
praestābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
praestābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
praestābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
praestābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
praestābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
praestābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
praestābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
praestābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
praestāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
praestābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
praestābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
praestābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
praestābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
praestātus (indicative passive perfect)
praestātus (indicative passive pluperfect)
praestātus (future indicative passive perfect)
praestem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
praestēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
praestet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
praestēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
praestētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
praestent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
praestārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
praestārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
praestāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
praestārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
praestārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
praestārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
praestiterim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
praestāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
praestiterīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
praestāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
praestiterit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
praestāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
praestiterīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
praestāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
praestiterītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
praestāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
praestiterint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
praestāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
praestitissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
praestāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
praestitissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
praestāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
praestitisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
praestāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
praestitissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
praestāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
praestitissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
praestāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
praestitissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
praestāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
praester (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
praestēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
praestēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
praestētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
praestēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
praestēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
praestentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
praestārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
praestārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
praestārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
praestārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
praestārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
praestārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
praestārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
praestātus (passive perfect subjunctive)
praestātus (passive pluperfect subjunctive)
praestā (active imperative present second-person singular)
praestāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
praestātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
praestātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
praestātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
praestantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
praestāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
praestāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
praestātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
praestātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
praestantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
praestāre (active infinitive present)
praestārī (infinitive passive present)
praestāns (active participle present)
praestātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
praestitūrum esse (active future infinitive)
praestātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
praestitum īrī (future infinitive passive)
praestātūrus (active future participle)
praestitūrus (active future participle)
praestandus (future participle passive)
praestitisse (active infinitive perfect)
praestāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
praestātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
praestitum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
praestātus (participle passive perfect)
praestitus (participle passive perfect)
praestātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
praestitum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
praestātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
praestitūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
praestandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
praestandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
praestandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
praestandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
praestātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
praestitum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
praestātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)
praestitū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Asturian: prestar

Catalan: prestar

Danish: præstere

Friulian: imprestâ

Galician: prestar

Interlingua: prestar

Italian: prestare

Old French: prester

Middle French: prester, preter

French: prêter

Norman: prêter

→ Middle English: prest

English: prest

Portuguese: prestar, prestes, emprestar

Romanian: presta

Sicilian: pristari, mpristari

Spanish: prestar, emprestar

Venetan: inprestar

→ Dutch: presteren

→ English: prestate, imprest

→ German: prästieren

→ Swedish: prestera

(Late Latin, Medieval Latin) to lend, loan


studeo

studeō (present infinitive studēre, perfect active studuī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem

studeō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
studēre (infinitive present)
studuī (active perfect)
studeō (active first-person indicative present singular)
studēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
studet (active indicative present singular third-person)
studēmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
studētis (active indicative plural present second-person)
student (active indicative plural present third-person)
studēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
studēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
studēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
studēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
studēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
studēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
studēbō (active first-person future indicative singular)
studēbis (active future indicative second-person singular)
studēbit (active future indicative singular third-person)
studēbimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
studēbitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
studēbunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
studuī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
studuistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
studuit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
studuimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
studuistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
studuēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
studuērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
studueram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
studuerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
studuerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
studuerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
studuerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
studuerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
studuerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
studueris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
studuerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
studuerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
studueritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
studuerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
studeam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
studeās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
studeat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
studeāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
studeātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
studeant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
studērem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
studērēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
studēret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
studērēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
studērētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
studērent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
studuerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
studuerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
studuerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
studuerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
studuerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
studuerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
studuissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
studuissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
studuisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
studuissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
studuissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
studuissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
studē (active imperative present second-person singular)
studēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
studētō (active future imperative second-person singular)
studētō (active future imperative singular third-person)
studētōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
studentō (active future imperative plural third-person)
studēre (active infinitive present)
studēns (active participle present)
studuisse (active infinitive perfect)
studendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
studendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
studendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
studendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

Afrikaans: studeer

Albanian: studioj

Aragonese: estudiar

Asturian: estudiar

Breton: studiañ

Catalan: estudiar

Cornish: studhya

Corsican: studià

Czech: studovat

Danish: studere

Dutch: studeren

English: study

Esperanto: studi

Faroese: studera

Franco-Provençal: êtudier, êtudiar

French: étudier

⇒ Haitian Creole: etidye

Friulian: studiâ

Galician: estudar

German: studieren

⇒ Lower Sorbian: studěrowaś

Ido: studiar

Interlingua: studiar

Irish: staidéar

Italian: studiare

Kashubian: sztudérowac

Ladin: studièr

Latvian: studēt

Ligurian: studiâ

Lithuanian: studijuoti

Lombard: stüdià

Middle French: estudier

Neapolitan: studià

Norman: êtudier (Jersey)

Norwegian: studere

Occitan: estudiar

Papiamentu: studia

Piedmontese: studié

Polish: studiować

Portuguese: estudar, studar

Romanian: studia

Romansch: studegiar

Russian: штудировать (študirovatʹ)

Sardinian: istudiai, istudiare

Serbo-Croatian: studírati (студи́рати)

Sicilian: studiari

Slovak: študovať

Slovene: študirati

Spanish: estudiar

Swedish: studera

Venetan: studiar

Volapük: studön

Walloon: studyî

Welsh: astudio

West Frisian: studearje

Yiddish: שטודירן (shtudirn)

From Proto-Italic *studēō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd-, from *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”). Related to tundō (“to beat, strike”), English stub; compare also Scots stap (“to strike, to insert forcibly”).

cog

Studēs an piscāris?

61 CE – c. 112 CE, Pliny the Younger, Epistulae

(especially Late Latin, Medieval Latin) to study, to apply oneself to learning


nosco

la-verb

nōscō (present infinitive nōscere, perfect active nōvī, supine nōtum); third conjugation

nōscō (canonical)
nōscere (infinitive present)
nōvī (active perfect)
nōtum (supine)
nōscō (active first-person indicative present singular)
nōscis (active indicative present second-person singular)
nōscit (active indicative present singular third-person)
nōscimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
nōscitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
nōscunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
nōscēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
nōscēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
nōscēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
nōscēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
nōscēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
nōscēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
nōscam (active first-person future indicative singular)
nōscēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
nōscet (active future indicative singular third-person)
nōscēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
nōscētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
nōscent (active future indicative plural third-person)
nōvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
nōvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
nōstī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
nōvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
nōt (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
nōvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
nōmus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
nōvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
nōstis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
nōvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
nōvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
nōrunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
nōveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
nōram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
nōverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
nōrās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
nōverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
nōrat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
nōverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
nōrāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
nōverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
nōrātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
nōverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
nōrant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
nōverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
nōrō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
nōveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
nōris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
nōverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
nōrit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
nōverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
nōrimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
nōveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
nōritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
nōverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
nōrint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
nōscor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
nōscere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
nōsceris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
nōscitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
nōscimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
nōsciminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
nōscuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
nōscēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
nōscēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
nōscēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
nōscēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
nōscēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
nōscēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
nōscēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
nōscar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
nōscēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
nōscēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
nōscētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
nōscēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
nōscēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
nōscentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
nōtus + future active indicative of sum (future indicative passive perfect)
nōscam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
nōscās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
nōscat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
nōscāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
nōscātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
nōscant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
nōscerem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
nōscerēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
nōsceret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
nōscerēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
nōscerētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
nōscerent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
nōverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
nōrim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
nōverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
nōrīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
nōverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
nōrit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
nōverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
nōrīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
nōverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
nōrītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
nōverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
nōrint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
nōvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
nōssem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
nōvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
nōssēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
nōvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
nōsset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
nōvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
nōssēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
nōvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
nōssētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
nōvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
nōssent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
nōscar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
nōscāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
nōscāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
nōscātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
nōscāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
nōscāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
nōscantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
nōscerer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
nōscerēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
nōscerēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
nōscerētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
nōscerēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
nōscerēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
nōscerentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
nōsce (active imperative present second-person singular)
nōscite (active imperative plural present second-person)
nōscitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
nōscitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
nōscitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
nōscuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
nōscere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
nōsciminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
nōscitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
nōscitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
nōscuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
nōscere (active infinitive present)
nōscī (infinitive passive present)
nōscēns (active participle present)
nōtūrum esse (active future infinitive)
nōtum īrī (future infinitive passive)
nōtūrus (active future participle)
nōscendus (future participle passive)
nōscundus (future participle passive)
nōvisse (active infinitive perfect)
nōsse (active infinitive perfect)
nōtum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
nōtus (participle passive perfect)
nōtum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
nōtūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
nōscendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
nōscendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
nōscendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
nōscendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
nōtum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
nōtū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti
Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti
Proto-Italic *gnōskō
Latin nōscō
From earlier gnōscō, from Proto-Italic *gnōskō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃sḱéti.

etymon

nōscō

Respondens autem spiritus nequam dixit eis, Iesum novi et Paulum scio, vos autem qui estis?

405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Acta Apostolorum.19.15

A wicked spirit replied to them, "I acknowledge Jesus, and I know Paul, but who are all of you?

(Late Latin, Christianity, in the perfect) to acknowledge, submit to (God)


quia

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: ca

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ca

Neapolitan: ca

Sicilian: ca

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: ca (Alto Ayer)

Old Galician-Portuguese: ca

Old Spanish: ca

Old neuter plural accusative case of quis, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷih₂. Corresponds both formally and functionally to Megara Ancient Greek σᾰ́ (sắ, “what?”), and functionally to ὅτι (hóti); this and other evidence point to the Greek origin of the use of quia as a subordinator, in contrast to quod where there's stronger evidence for a native development.

et audierunt vicini et cognati eius quia magnificavit Dominus misericordiam suam cum illa et congratulabantur ei

Her neighbors and her relatives heard that the Lord had magnified his mercy towards her, and they rejoiced with her.

(Late Latin, subordinator) (the fact) that


custodia

la-noun

custōdia f (genitive custōdiae); first declension

custōdia (canonical feminine)
custōdiae (genitive)
custōdia (nominative singular)
custōdiae (nominative plural)
custōdiae (genitive singular)
custōdiārum (genitive plural)
custōdiae (dative singular)
custōdiīs (dative plural)
custōdiam (accusative singular)
custōdiās (accusative plural)
custōdiā (ablative singular)
custōdiīs (ablative plural)
custōdia (singular vocative)
custōdiae (plural vocative)

Inherited (as toponyms or surnames)

Catalan: Costoja

Occitan: Costoja

→ French: Coustouge

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: Costoia

Portuguese: Custóias

Venetan: Custoxa

→ Italian: Custoza

Borrowed:

→ Catalan: custòdia

→ English: custody

→ Greek: κουστωδία (koustodía)

→ Italian: custodia

→ Middle French: custode

French: custode (rare)

→ Old Occitan: custodia

Occitan: custodia

→ Portuguese: custódia

→ Romanian: custodie

→ Spanish: custodia

Militum autem consilium fuit ut custodias occiderent, ne quis cum enatasset, effugeret.

And the soldiers' counsel was, that they should kill the prisoners, lest any of them, swimming out, should escape. (Douay-Rheims)


abigeus

abigeus m (genitive abigeī); second declension

abigeī (genitive)
abigeus (nominative singular)
abigeī (nominative plural)
abigeī (genitive singular)
abigeōrum (genitive plural)
abigeō (dative singular)
abigeīs (dative plural)
abigeum (accusative singular)
abigeōs (accusative plural)
abigeō (ablative singular)
abigeīs (ablative plural)
abigee (singular vocative)
abigeī (plural vocative)

Italian: abigeo

Portuguese: abígeo

Spanish: abigeo


neco

la-verb

necō (present infinitive necāre, perfect active necāvī, supine necātum); first conjugation

necō (canonical)
necāre (infinitive present)
necāvī (active perfect)
necātum (supine)
necō (active first-person indicative present singular)
necās (active indicative present second-person singular)
necat (active indicative present singular third-person)
necāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
necātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
necant (active indicative plural present third-person)
necābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
necābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
necābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
necābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
necābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
necābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
necābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
necābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
necābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
necābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
necābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
necābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
necāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
necāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
necāstī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
necāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
necāt (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
necāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
necāmus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
necāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
necāstis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
necāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
necāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
necārunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
necāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
necāram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
necāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
necārās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
necāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
necārat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
necāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
necārāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
necāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
necārātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
necāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
necārant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
necāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
necārō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
necāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
necāris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
necāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
necārit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
necāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
necārimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
necāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
necāritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
necāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
necārint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
necor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
necāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
necāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
necātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
necāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
necāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
necantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
necābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
necābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
necābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
necābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
necābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
necābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
necābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
necābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
necābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
necāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
necābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
necābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
necābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
necābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
necem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
necēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
necet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
necēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
necētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
necent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
necārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
necārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
necāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
necārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
necārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
necārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
necāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
necārim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
necāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
necārīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
necāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
necārit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
necāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
necārīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
necāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
necārītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
necāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
necārint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
necāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
necāssem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
necāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
necāssēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
necāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
necāsset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
necāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
necāssēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
necāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
necāssētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
necāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
necāssent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
necer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
necēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
necēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
necētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
necēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
necēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
necentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
necārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
necārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
necārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
necārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
necārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
necārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
necārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
necā (active imperative present second-person singular)
necāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
necātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
necātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
necātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
necantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
necāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
necāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
necātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
necātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
necantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
necāre (active infinitive present)
necārī (infinitive passive present)
necāns (active participle present)
necātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
necātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
necātūrus (active future participle)
necandus (future participle passive)
necāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
necāsse (active infinitive perfect)
necātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
necātus (participle passive perfect)
necātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
necātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
necandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
necandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
necandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
necandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
necātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
necātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: nec, nicari

Megleno-Romanian: nec, nicari

Romanian: îneca, înecare, neca

Italo-Romance:

Italian: annegare

Neapolitan: anneà

Sicilian: annigari, annijari

North Italian:

Ligurian: negâ

Lombard: negar, negà

Piedmontese: nié, nijé

Venetan: negar

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: noiier, noier

French: noyer

Anglo-Norman: neier

Norman: néyaer

Picard: noéïer

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: negar

desc

Occitan: negar, nejar (northern), neiar (Vivaro-Alpine)

Ibero-Romance:

Portuguese: anegar

Spanish: anegar

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: annegare, annegai

From nec- + -ō (denominative verb suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *neḱ- (“perish, disappear”).
See also noxius (“harmful”), noceō (“I hurt, harm”), nex (“murder, violent death”) (as opposed to mors), as well as Middle Welsh angheu (“death”), Breton ankou, Old Irish éc, Ancient Greek νέκυς (nékus, “a dead body”) and νεκρός (nekrós, “dead”), Old Persian 𐎻𐎴𐎰𐎹𐎫𐎹 (vi-n-θ-y-t-y /vi-nathayatiy/, “he injures”), Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (nasiieⁱti, “disappears”), 𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬎- (nasu-, “corpse”), Sanskrit नश्यति (naśyati, “to disappear, perish”).

cog

(Late Latin, Medieval Latin) (transitive) to drown


barrio

la-verb

barriō (present infinitive barrīre, perfect active barrīvī, supine barrītum); fourth conjugation, no passive

barriō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
barrīre (infinitive present)
barrīvī (active perfect)
barrītum (supine)
barriō (active first-person indicative present singular)
barrīs (active indicative present second-person singular)
barrit (active indicative present singular third-person)
barrīmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
barrītis (active indicative plural present second-person)
barriunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
barriēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
barriēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
barriēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
barriēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
barriēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
barriēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
barriam (active first-person future indicative singular)
barriēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
barriet (active future indicative singular third-person)
barriēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
barriētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
barrient (active future indicative plural third-person)
barrīvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
barrīvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
barrīvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
barrīvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
barrīvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
barrīvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
barrīvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
barrīveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
barrīverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
barrīverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
barrīverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
barrīverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
barrīverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
barrīverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
barrīveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
barrīverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
barrīverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
barrīveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
barrīverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
barriam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
barriās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
barriat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
barriāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
barriātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
barriant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
barrīrem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
barrīrēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
barrīret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
barrīrēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
barrīrētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
barrīrent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
barrīverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
barrīverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
barrīverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
barrīverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
barrīverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
barrīverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
barrīvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
barrīvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
barrīvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
barrīvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
barrīvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
barrīvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
barrī (active imperative present second-person singular)
barrīte (active imperative plural present second-person)
barrītō (active future imperative second-person singular)
barrītō (active future imperative singular third-person)
barrītōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
barriuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
barrīre (active infinitive present)
barriēns (active participle present)
barrītūrum esse (active future infinitive)
barrītūrus (active future participle)
barrīvisse (active infinitive perfect)
barrītūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
barriendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
barriendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
barriendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
barriendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
barrītum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
barrītū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Italian: barrire

Spanish: barritar

(intransitive, Late Latin) to make the sound of an elephant


defensa

la-noun

dēfēnsa f (genitive dēfēnsae); first declension

dēfēnsa (canonical feminine)
dēfēnsae (genitive)
dēfēnsa (nominative singular)
dēfēnsae (nominative plural)
dēfēnsae (genitive singular)
dēfēnsārum (genitive plural)
dēfēnsae (dative singular)
dēfēnsīs (dative plural)
dēfēnsam (accusative singular)
dēfēnsās (accusative plural)
dēfēnsā (ablative singular)
dēfēnsīs (ablative plural)
dēfēnsa (singular vocative)
dēfēnsae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: defensa

desctree

→ French: défense
→ Swedish: défense
→ Turkish: defans

→ English: defense, defence

Galician: devesa

→ Galician: defensa

Italian: difesa

→ Norman: d'fense (Jersey)

→ Occitan: defensa

Portuguese: defesa, devesa

Spanish: dehesa

Sicilian: difisa

→ Spanish: defensa

[d̪eːˈfẽːs̠ä]

Nominalization of the feminine form of the perfect passive participle of dēfendō.


cortina

la-noun

cortīna f (genitive cortīnae); first declension

cortīna (canonical feminine)
cortīnae (genitive)
cortīna (nominative singular)
cortīnae (nominative plural)
cortīnae (genitive singular)
cortīnārum (genitive plural)
cortīnae (dative singular)
cortīnīs (dative plural)
cortīnam (accusative singular)
cortīnās (accusative plural)
cortīnā (ablative singular)
cortīnīs (ablative plural)
cortīna (singular vocative)
cortīnae (plural vocative)

→ Italian: cortina

→ Middle French: courtine

Uncertain. Sometimes attributed to Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“turn; bend”), via a hypothetical passive past participle *kṛto- (“bent”), but this is dubious. Attested from Plautus onward.


plebs

la-noun

The non-i-stem variant is found in Medieval Latin.

plēbs f (genitive plēbis); third declension

plēbs (canonical feminine)
plēbis (genitive)
plēbs (nominative singular)
plēbēs (nominative singular)
plēbēs (nominative plural)
plēbis (genitive singular)
plēbium (genitive plural)
plēbum (genitive plural)
plēbī (dative singular)
plēbibus (dative plural)
plēbem (accusative singular)
plēbēs (accusative plural)
plēbīs (accusative plural)
plēbe (ablative singular)
plēbibus (ablative plural)
plēbs (singular vocative)
plēbēs (singular vocative)
plēbēs (plural vocative)

Emilian: pev

Friulian: plef, plêv

Italian: pieve

Ladin: plief, plieu, pieue, plié

Ligurian: chieve

Old Occitan: pleu

Piedmontese: piev

Romansch: plaif, plaiv

Venetan: piove

Friulian: plevan

Italian: piovano

Ladin: pluvan, ploan

Piedmontese: piovan

Romansch: plevon, plavan

Venetan: plavan (Muggia)

desctree

→ Proto-Brythonic: *pluɨβ (from the plural)
Breton: ploue
Cornish: pluw
Middle Welsh: plwyf
Welsh: plwyf

→ Catalan: plebs

→ English: plebs, pleb

→ French: plèbe

→ Romanian: plebe

desc

→ Greek: πληβείος (pliveíos), πληβεία f (pliveía)

→ Icelandic: plebbi

→ Italian: plebe

→ Polish: plebs

→ Portuguese: plebe

→ Spanish: plebe

From Old Latin plēbēs, from Proto-Italic *plēðwēs (whence Oscan 𐌐𐌋𐌝𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌔 (plífriks, “plebeian”, nom. sg.) via *plēðros), from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁dʰwḗh₁s ~ *pl̥h₁dʰuh₁és (whence Ancient Greek πληθῡ́ς (plēthū́s, “crowd”)) from *pleh₁- (“fill”), whence pleō. See also populus.

inh

aut si per epistolas agi placet, ipsae plebibus recitentur, ut aliquando non plebes, sed plebs una dicatur.

396 CE, Augustine of Hippo, Letters 33.4

or if you prefer the discussion to be carried out by letters, let them be read to the congregations, so that at length they may be called not "congregations", but one congregation.

(Late Latin, countable and uncountable, Christianity) laity, congregation, parish


mando

la-verb

mandō (present infinitive mandere, perfect active mandī, supine mānsum); third conjugation

mandō (canonical)
mandere (infinitive present)
mandī (active perfect)
mānsum (supine)
mandō (active first-person indicative present singular)
mandis (active indicative present second-person singular)
mandit (active indicative present singular third-person)
mandimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
manditis (active indicative plural present second-person)
mandunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
mandēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
mandēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
mandēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
mandēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
mandēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
mandēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
mandam (active first-person future indicative singular)
mandēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
mandet (active future indicative singular third-person)
mandēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
mandētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
mandent (active future indicative plural third-person)
mandī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
mandistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
mandit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
mandimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
mandistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
mandēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
mandērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
manderam (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
manderās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
manderat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
manderāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
manderātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
manderant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
manderō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
manderis (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
manderit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
manderimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
manderitis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
manderint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
mandor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
mandere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
manderis (indicative passive present second-person singular)
manditur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
mandimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
mandiminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
manduntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
mandēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
mandēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
mandēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
mandēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
mandēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
mandēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
mandēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
mandar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
mandēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
mandēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
mandētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
mandēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
mandēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
mandentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
mandam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
mandās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
mandat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
mandāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
mandātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
mandant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
manderem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
manderēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
manderet (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
manderēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
manderētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
manderent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
manderim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
manderīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
manderit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
manderīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
manderītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
manderint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
mandissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
mandissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
mandisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
mandissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
mandissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
mandissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
mandar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
mandāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
mandāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
mandātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
mandāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
mandāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
mandantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
manderer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
manderēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
manderēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
manderētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
manderēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
manderēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
manderentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
mande (active imperative present second-person singular)
mandite (active imperative plural present second-person)
manditō (active future imperative second-person singular)
manditō (active future imperative singular third-person)
manditōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
manduntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
mandere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
mandiminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
manditor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
manditor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
manduntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
mandere (active infinitive present)
mandī (infinitive passive present)
mandēns (active participle present)
mānsūrum esse (active future infinitive)
mānsum īrī (future infinitive passive)
mānsūrus (active future participle)
mandendus (future participle passive)
mandundus (future participle passive)
mandisse (active infinitive perfect)
mānsum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
mānsus (participle passive perfect)
mānsum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
mānsūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
mandendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
mandendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
mandendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
mandendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
mānsum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
mānsū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

Uncertain, but probably from a Proto-Italic *mandnō, from Proto-Indo-European *menth₂-, from a root *meth₂-. Further information is as follows:
More information
For the phonetic development, LIV and de Vaan suggest that a nasal-infixed verb *m̥t-né-h₂-ti ~ *m̥t-n̥-h₂-énti underwent voicing assimilation of *mat-n- > *mad-n- followed by metathesis of *madn- > *mand- on the way to Latin, parallel to the development of pandō from *peth₂-. The semantic development is disputed:
* De Vaan 2008 suggests Proto-Indo-European *menth₂- (“to stir, whirl”) > "chew", as in Tocharian B mintanaṃ (“to mix (clay with water)”), Sanskrit मन्थति (mánthati, “to whirl, rub, shake”), Ossetian yzmæntyn, æzmæntun (“to shake, stir around”), Lithuanian mę̃sti (“to mix”), Old Church Slavonic мѧсти (męsti, “to stir, trouble”). (See Proto-Slavic *męsti.)
* WH, IEW, LIV, Meiser refer it to Proto-Indo-European *menth₂- (“tear away”), as in Vedic Sanskrit मथीत् (máthīt), Sanskrit मथ्नाति (mathnā́ti, “to rob, snatch away; kill; seize by force; to stir; to injure”), Tocharian A mäntācär (“you are injured”, 2pl.).
Other possible cognates include:
* Latin māsū̆cius (“voracious”); possibly also Latin māla, depending on its etymology.
* Ancient Greek μασάομαι (masáomai, “to chew”), μαστιχάω (mastikháō, “to gnash the teeth”) (whence Latin masticō), Ancient Greek μάσταξ (mástax, “mouth, jaws”). On the basis of Latin and Greek, Proto-Indo-European *mendʰ- (“to chew”) was once proposed; however, the Greek cognates suffer etymological issues which may indicate Pre-Greek substrate origin.
* words for “mouth” or “jaw”: Proto-Germanic *munþaz, Latin mentum (“chin”).


tumba

la-noun

tumba f (genitive tumbae); first declension

tumbae (genitive)
tumba (nominative singular)
tumbae (nominative plural)
tumbae (genitive singular)
tumbārum (genitive plural)
tumbae (dative singular)
tumbīs (dative plural)
tumbam (accusative singular)
tumbās (accusative plural)
tumbā (ablative singular)
tumbīs (ablative plural)
tumba (singular vocative)
tumbae (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Aromanian: tumbã

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: tomba

desctree

Old French: tumbe, tombe, toumbe
Middle French: tumbe
French: tombe
Norman: tombe
Walloon: tombe
→ Middle English: tombe
English: tomb
→ Irish: tuama
→ Maori: toma
Middle Scots: tumb, towm
→ Middle Dutch:
Dutch: tombe
Limburgish: tómb

Old Occitan:

Catalan: tomba

Occitan: tomba

→ Greek: τούμπα (toúmpa)

→ Portuguese: tumba (perhaps inherited)

→ Spanish: tumba

From Ancient Greek τύμβος (túmbos), probably from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”).


Dani

la-proper noun

Dānī m pl (genitive Dānōrum); second declension

Dānī (canonical masculine plural)
Dānōrum (genitive)
Dānī (nominative plural)
Dānōrum (genitive plural)
Dānīs (dative plural)
Dānōs (accusative plural)
Dānīs (ablative plural)
Dānī (plural vocative)

Saxo Grammaticus, Gesta Danorum

"History of the Kings and heroes of the Danes"

(Late Latin) the Danes (natives of Denmark)


hemicrania

la-noun

hēmicrānia f (genitive hēmicrāniae); first declension

hēmicrānia (canonical feminine)
hēmicrāniae (genitive)
hēmicrānia (nominative singular)
hēmicrāniae (nominative plural)
hēmicrāniae (genitive singular)
hēmicrāniārum (genitive plural)
hēmicrāniae (dative singular)
hēmicrāniīs (dative plural)
hēmicrāniam (accusative singular)
hēmicrāniās (accusative plural)
hēmicrāniā (ablative singular)
hēmicrāniīs (ablative plural)
hēmicrānia (singular vocative)
hēmicrāniae (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: micragna, migragna

Neapolitan: mengrània

Sicilian: micragna

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: mangrània

Piedmontese: milgran-a, mingran-a

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old French: migraigne

French: migraine (see there for further descendants)

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: migranya

Occitan: migrana, milgrana, miugrana

Ibero-Romance:

Spanish: migraña

Borrowings:

→ English: hemicrania

→ Galician: hemicrania

→ Italian: emicrania

→ Portuguese: hemicrania

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἡμικρᾱνίᾰ (hēmikrāníă).


ceresia

ceresia f (genitive ceresiae); first declension

ceresiae (genitive)
ceresia (nominative singular)
ceresiae (nominative plural)
ceresiae (genitive singular)
ceresiārum (genitive plural)
ceresiae (dative singular)
ceresiīs (dative plural)
ceresiam (accusative singular)
ceresiās (accusative plural)
ceresiā (ablative singular)
ceresiīs (ablative plural)
ceresia (singular vocative)
ceresiae (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

desc

Aromanian: cireashã, tsireashi, cireashi, tsireashã, tseriashã, chirashã, chirashe

Megleno-Romanian: cireașcă

desctree

Romanian: cireașă
→ Bulgarian: череша (čereša)

desc

Franco-Provençal: ceriése, ceriésa, cerije, çrije, çrisa, ceriéje, ciriéje

Gallo-Italic

Emilian: sresa, siresa

Ligurian: çêxa

Lombard: saresa, seresa, siresa

Piedmontese: seresa, siresa, sresa

Romagnol: sresa, srisa

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: chjarasgia

Dalmatian: cris

Istriot: sareza

Italian: ciliegia, ciriegia, ceregia, saragia

Neapolitan: cerasa

Tarantino: ceráse

Sicilian: cirasa
→ Maltese: ċirasa

Oïl

Old French: cerise (see there for further descendants)

Old Northern French: cherise (see there for further descendants)

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: cjariese, ceriese

Romansch: tscharescha, tscherescha (Sursilvan), tschariescha (Sutsilvan, Surmiran), tschirescha (Puter, Vallader)

Occitano-Romance

Catalan: cirera, cidera, cilera, cira

Occitan:

Auvergnat: celeira, celira

Gascon: ceriesa, cerisa, cerilha, cerida, çrisa, çrilha, cerija, cereja, çrija, cesira, cerida

Languedocien: cerièra, cirera, cerièira, cirèira, cièira, cedièira, cilèira, celèira, celhèira, cilhèira, cerèija, cirèia

Limousin: cireisa, cireija, cireia

Provençal: cerieisa, cerieia, cerièira, cerisa

Vivaro-Alpine: cereisa, cerieisa, ceriesa, ceriera, ciriesa, ceresa, cieresa, cireisa

Sardinian: carésia, cerésia, cheréssia, ceréxia

Venetan: sareza, sarexa

→? Istriot: sareza

West Iberian

Aragonese: ciresa

Old Leonese:

Asturian: cereza, zreza

Occidental: cereiza, zreiza

Leonese: zreisa, cereisa, zreiza

Mirandese: cereija

Old Spanish: ceresa

Spanish: cereza
→ Tagalog: seresa

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: cereija, cereyja
Fala: cereixha
Galician: cereixa, cireixa, zreixa, cereija, cereja, zreija
Portuguese: cereja, cereija, sareija
→ Hunsrik: Sëreesch

Borrowings

→ Albanian: qershi

→ Basque: gerezi

→ Proto-Brythonic: *kėres (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *kirsijā (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Slavic: *čèršьňa (possibly via Germanic) (see there for further descendants)

[t͡ʃeˈrɛːs̬iä]

From the neuter plural of Late Latin ceresium, from cerasium, from Ancient Greek κεράσιον (kerásion, “cherry”), from Ancient Greek κερασός (kerasós, “bird cherry”), and ultimately possibly of Anatolian origin.

der

200s, Quintus Gargilius Martialis De pomis seu medicina ex pomis 16 ed. Angelo Mai Operis deperditi de hortis Fragmenta ex codicibus Neapolitano et Romano cum scholiis palaeographicis et adnotationibus Rome 1846 p. 76 = Classici auctores e Vaticanicis codicibus editi. Tomus III Rome 1831 p. 422

The fresh fruit from the cherry moistens the maw and stimulates; dry it desiccates and draws back: the fresh fruit is bad for the stomach and the dry one good. In this fruit we believe to be three virtues. In some the taste is bitter, in some sour, in some sweet. The bitter ones constrict the belly, strengthen the stomach. The sour ones are said to fit stomachs abundating in phlegm: for they desiccate more and cut off the thickness of the teeth and humour of the mouth. The sweet ones are bad for the stomach. However the Praenestinian ones flow faster. Their gum, held in the mouth and swallowed, covers the arteries, constrains the oldest cough: drunk with unmixed wine it breaks the calculi.

Ceresiā viride pomum ventrem humectat et provocat; aridum siccat ac detinet: viride stomacho contrarium est, siccum utile. In hoc pomo tres inesse virtutes suspicamur. In quibusdam sapor austerus est, in aliis acidus, in aliis dulcis. Austerae ventrem constringunt, stomachum confortant. Acidae iudicantur flegmate habundantibus stomachis opportunae: nam magis siccant et crassitudinem dentium orisque humorem incidunt. Dulces stomacho contrariae. Citius autem praenestinae fluunt. Gummus earum ore detentus et gluttiendus arteriam linit, vetustissimam tussem conpescit: cum mero potatus calculos frangit.


persica

→ Albanian: pjeshkë (probably)

desc

Aromanian: chearsicã, chiarsicã, hearhicã, hearsicã, kearsicã

Italian: persica, pesca

Neapolitan: perzeca

Occitan: persega

→ Old Danish: persik

desctree

Danish: fersken
→ Faroese: ferska
→ Icelandic: ferskja
→ Norwegian Bokmål: fersken
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: fersken

Old French: pesche, persche
Champenois: prêche, péte
Middle French: pesche
French: pêche
→ Malagasy: paiso
Norman: pêche
Walloon: pexhî
→ Middle English: peche
English: peach
→ Abenaki: biches (from the plural peaches)
→? Arapaho: biisib
→ Bengali: পীচ (pic) (probably)
→ Haida: píichas
→ Malay: pic (probably)
→? Maori: pītiti
→ Swahili: pichi (probably)
→ Thai: พีช (píit)
→ Irish: péitseog
→ Manx: peitshag, pershagh

Piedmontese: persi

Romanian: piersică

Sardinian: pélsica, pérsiga

Sicilian: pèrsicu

→ Swedish: persika

→ Proto-Slavic: *persky, *bersky, *porsky
South Slavic:
Bulgarian: пра́скова (práskova), пра́сква (práskva), пра́скъва (práskǎva), пра́скува (práskuva), пра́ска (práska), пра́сквя (práskvja), пра́ська (prásʹka), пра́скя (práskja), пра́скье (práskje), пра́сковье (práskovje), пра́скъ f (prásk) — dialectal
Macedonian: праска (praska)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: бре̏сква, dialectally бра̏сква, пра̏сква, пра̏ска, бре̏ска, бри̏ска, бри̏сква
Latin script: brȅskva, dialectally brȁskva, prȁskva, prȁska, brȅska, brȉska, brȉskva
Slovene: brẹ́skəv, dialectally brẹ̑skva
→ Aromanian: prascã
→ Hungarian: barack
West Slavic:
Czech: břeskev, replaced by confusion with broskev
Polish: brzoskiew
⇒ Polish: brzoskwinia
→ Russian: броскви́на (broskvína), брускви́на (bruskvína), брусвына (brusvyna), бросква (broskva), бросквиня (broskvinja), бросвины (brosviny)
→ Old Ukrainian: бросквинъ (broskvin)
Ukrainian: бросквина (broskvyna), броскви́ня (broskvýnja), брускви́на (bruskvýna), брускви́ня (bruskvýnja), брусвина (brusvyna), брескви́ня (breskvýnja), броскви́ння (broskvýnnja), броски́ння (broskýnnja)
Old Slovak: breskev, breskva, breskyňa, broskyňa
Pannonian Rusyn: брескиня (breskinja)
Slovak: broskyňa, formerly dialectally broskva, broskev
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: brjaschen, rjaschen, brjaskeẃ, brjasken (of which rjaschen prevails)
Upper Sorbian: brěska f, brěšk m


perinaeum

la-noun

perinaeum n (genitive perinaeī); second declension

perinaeī (genitive)
perinaeum (nominative singular)
perinaea (nominative plural)
perinaeī (genitive singular)
perinaeōrum (genitive plural)
perinaeō (dative singular)
perinaeīs (dative plural)
perinaeum (accusative singular)
perinaea (accusative plural)
perinaeō (ablative singular)
perinaeīs (ablative plural)
perinaeum (singular vocative)
perinaea (plural vocative)

desctree

French: périnée, perinæe (obsolete)
→ Persian: پرینه (perine)
→ Spanish: periné
→ Turkish: perine

Italian: perineo

Spanish: perineo

→ English: perinaeum

→ German: Perinäum

Borrowed from Ancient Greek περίναιον (perínaion).


conosco

la-verb

conōscō (present infinitive conōscere, perfect active conōvī, supine conitum); third conjugation

conōscō (canonical)
conōscere (infinitive present)
conōvī (active perfect)
conitum (supine)
conōscō (active first-person indicative present singular)
conōscis (active indicative present second-person singular)
conōscit (active indicative present singular third-person)
conōscimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
conōscitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
conōscunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
conōscēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
conōscēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
conōscēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
conōscēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
conōscēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
conōscēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
conōscam (active first-person future indicative singular)
conōscēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
conōscet (active future indicative singular third-person)
conōscēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
conōscētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
conōscent (active future indicative plural third-person)
conōvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
conōvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
conōstī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
conōvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
conōt (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
conōvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
conōmus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
conōvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
conōstis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
conōvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
conōvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
conōrunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
conōveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
conōram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
conōverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
conōrās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
conōverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
conōrat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
conōverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
conōrāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
conōverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
conōrātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
conōverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
conōrant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
conōverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
conōrō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
conōveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
conōris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
conōverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
conōrit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
conōverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
conōrimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
conōveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
conōritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
conōverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
conōrint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
conōscor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
conōscere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
conōsceris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
conōscitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
conōscimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
conōsciminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
conōscuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
conōscēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
conōscēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
conōscēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
conōscēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
conōscēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
conōscēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
conōscēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
conōscar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
conōscēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
conōscēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
conōscētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
conōscēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
conōscēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
conōscentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
conōscam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
conōscās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
conōscat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
conōscāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
conōscātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
conōscant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
conōscerem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
conōscerēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
conōsceret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
conōscerēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
conōscerētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
conōscerent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
conōverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
conōrim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
conōverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
conōrīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
conōverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
conōrit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
conōverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
conōrīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
conōverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
conōrītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
conōverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
conōrint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
conōvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
conōssem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
conōvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
conōssēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
conōvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
conōsset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
conōvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
conōssēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
conōvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
conōssētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
conōvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
conōssent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
conōscar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
conōscāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
conōscāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
conōscātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
conōscāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
conōscāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
conōscantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
conōscerer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
conōscerēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
conōscerēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
conōscerētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
conōscerēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
conōscerēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
conōscerentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
conōsce (active imperative present second-person singular)
conōscite (active imperative plural present second-person)
conōscitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
conōscitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
conōscitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
conōscuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
conōscere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
conōsciminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
conōscitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
conōscitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
conōscuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
conōscere (active infinitive present)
conōscī (infinitive passive present)
conōscēns (active participle present)
conitūrum esse (active future infinitive)
conitum īrī (future infinitive passive)
conitūrus (active future participle)
conōscendus (future participle passive)
conōscundus (future participle passive)
conōvisse (active infinitive perfect)
conōsse (active infinitive perfect)
conitum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
conitus (participle passive perfect)
conitum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
conitūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
conōscendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
conōscendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
conōscendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
conōscendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
conitum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
conitū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Walther von Wartburg
w:Walther von Wartburg

Alternative form of cognōscō (attested in the Vetus Itala)


impostor

la-noun

impostor m (genitive impostōris); third declension

impostōris (genitive)
impostor (nominative singular)
impostōrēs (nominative plural)
impostōris (genitive singular)
impostōrum (genitive plural)
impostōrī (dative singular)
impostōribus (dative plural)
impostōrem (accusative singular)
impostōrēs (accusative plural)
impostōre (ablative singular)
impostōribus (ablative plural)
impostor (singular vocative)
impostōrēs (plural vocative)

q

(possibly all borrowed from Late Latin, or adapted from Old French)

Catalan: impostor

→ Middle French: imposteur

French: imposteur

→ English: impostor

Galician: impostor

Italian: impostore

→ Polish: impostor

Portuguese: impostor

Romanian: impostor

Spanish: impostor

From earlier impositor, agent noun of impōnō.


caballus

la-noun

caballus m (genitive caballī); second declension

caballī (genitive)
caballus (nominative singular)
caballī (nominative plural)
caballī (genitive singular)
caballōrum (genitive plural)
caballō (dative singular)
caballīs (dative plural)
caballum (accusative singular)
caballōs (accusative plural)
caballō (ablative singular)
caballīs (ablative plural)
caballe (singular vocative)
caballī (plural vocative)

Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange#Works
de:Brian D. Joseph

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: cal

Istro-Romanian: co

Megleno-Romanian: cal

Romanian: cal

Dalmatian:

cavul

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: cavaddu, cavallu

Gallurese: cabaddu, caddu

desctree

Italian: cavallo
→ Alemannic German: Kawall
→ Greek: καβάλος (kaválos)

Sicilian: cavaḍḍu

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: cabaddu, cavaddu, covaddu, caaddu, caddu, caddu, cuaddu

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: cavàl

Ligurian: cavallo

Old Lombard: cavel

Lombard: càal

Old Piedmontese: cavèu

Piedmontese: caval

Romagnol: cavàl, caval

Friulian: cjaval, čhaval (alternative orthography)

Istriot: caval

Ladin: ciaval

Romansch: chaval, cavagl, tgavagl, tgaval, chavagl

Venetan: cavało ⇒ cavałeto

→ Greek: καβάλα (kavála), καβαλέτο (kavaléto)

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: chevâl

Old French: cheval (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: cavall

Gascon: cavalh, cavath

Occitan: caval

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: cavallo, cavall

Extremaduran: cavallu

Old Leonese: [Term?]

Asturian: caballu

Leonese: caballu, cabalu

Mirandese: cabalho

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: cavalo
Fala: cabalu
Galician: cabalo
Portuguese: cavalo (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: cavallo

Ladino: kavayo

Spanish: caballo (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ Proto-Albanian: *kəβal

Albanian: kalë

[käˈbälːʲʊs̠]

Uncertain; often cited as borrowed from Gaulish *kaballos, from Proto-Celtic *kaballos, perhaps ultimately an Asiatic borrowing or Wanderwort, compare Ancient Greek καβάλλης (kabállēs, “nag”), Proto-Slavic *kobýla (“mare”), Persian کول (kaval, “second class horse of mixed blood”), and possibly Karakhanid kevel (at) (“well-bred fast (horse)”).
Alternatively, borrowed alongside Greek from Proto-Iranian *kabah, *kabalah, compare Khotanese [script needed] (kabä, “horse”), Persian کول (kaval), and possibly cognate with Latin cabō (“gelding”), perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kebʰ- (“worn-out horse, nag”).

der

(Old Latin, Classical Latin, Late Latin) nag


mactra

la-noun

mactra f (genitive mactrae); first declension

mactrae (genitive)
mactra (nominative singular)
mactrae (nominative plural)
mactrae (genitive singular)
mactrārum (genitive plural)
mactrae (dative singular)
mactrīs (dative plural)
mactram (accusative singular)
mactrās (accusative plural)
mactrā (ablative singular)
mactrīs (ablative plural)
mactra (singular vocative)
mactrae (plural vocative)

Late Latin gloss of Ancient Greek μάκτρα (máktra, “kneading trough”).


marasmus

la-noun

marasmus m (genitive marasmī); second declension

marasmī (genitive)
marasmus (nominative singular)
marasmī (nominative plural)
marasmī (genitive singular)
marasmōrum (genitive plural)
marasmō (dative singular)
marasmīs (dative plural)
marasmum (accusative singular)
marasmōs (accusative plural)
marasmō (ablative singular)
marasmīs (ablative plural)
marasme (singular vocative)
marasmī (plural vocative)

→ English: marasmus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μᾰρᾰσμός (mărăsmós, “withering”, noun), related to μᾰραίνω (măraínō, “to quench; to waste, wither”).


biblia

la-noun

biblia n pl (genitive bibliōrum); second declension

bibliōrum (genitive)
biblia (nominative plural)
bibliōrum (genitive plural)
bibliīs (dative plural)
biblia (accusative plural)
bibliīs (ablative plural)
biblia (plural vocative)

Alternative letter-case form of Biblia (“the Bible”)


biblia

biblia f (genitive bibliae); first declension

bibliae (genitive)
biblia (nominative singular)
bibliae (nominative plural)
bibliae (genitive singular)
bibliārum (genitive plural)
bibliae (dative singular)
bibliīs (dative plural)
bibliam (accusative singular)
bibliās (accusative plural)
bibliā (ablative singular)
bibliīs (ablative plural)
biblia (singular vocative)
bibliae (plural vocative)


foramen

forāmen n (genitive forāminis); third declension

forāmen (canonical neuter)
forāminis (genitive)
forāmen (nominative singular)
forāmina (nominative plural)
forāminis (genitive singular)
forāminum (genitive plural)
forāminī (dative singular)
forāminibus (dative plural)
forāmen (accusative singular)
forāmina (accusative plural)
forāmine (ablative singular)
forāminibus (ablative plural)
forāmen (singular vocative)
forāmina (plural vocative)

Asturian: furame; furacu, buracu, furáu

Catalan: forat

→ English: foramen

→ Italian: forame

Galician: furaco

Portuguese: buraco; → forame, forâmen

→ Spanish: foramen

From forō (“to pierce or bore”) + -men (noun-forming suffix).

af

(transferred sense, Late Latin) an opening, hole, cave


mathesis

la-noun

mathēsis f (genitive mathēsis or mathēseōs or mathēsios); third declension

mathēsis (canonical feminine)
mathēsis (genitive)
mathēseōs (genitive)
mathēsios (genitive)
mathēsis (nominative singular)
mathēsēs (nominative plural)
mathēseis (nominative plural)
mathēsis (genitive singular)
mathēseōs (genitive singular)
mathēsios (genitive singular)
mathēsium (genitive plural)
mathēsī (dative singular)
mathēsibus (dative plural)
mathēsim (accusative singular)
mathēsin (accusative singular)
mathēsem (accusative singular)
mathēsēs (accusative plural)
mathēsīs (accusative plural)
mathēsī (ablative singular)
mathēse (ablative singular)
mathēsibus (ablative plural)
mathēsis (singular vocative)
mathēsi (singular vocative)
mathēsēs (plural vocative)
mathēseis (plural vocative)

[mäˈt̪ʰeːs̠ɪs̠]

From the Ancient Greek μάθησις (máthēsis).

(in general) the action of learning, knowledge, science


manna

manna f (genitive mannae); first declension

mannae (genitive)
manna (nominative singular)
mannae (nominative plural)
mannae (genitive singular)
mannārum (genitive plural)
mannae (dative singular)
mannīs (dative plural)
mannam (accusative singular)
mannās (accusative plural)
mannā (ablative singular)
mannīs (ablative plural)
manna (singular vocative)
mannae (plural vocative)

→ Old English:

Middle English:

English: manna

→ Italian: manna (semi-learned)

→ Polish: manna (learned)

→ Sicilian: manna (semi-learned)

From Ancient Greek μάννα (mánna), from Biblical Hebrew מן (man).


Agnes

la-proper noun

Agnes f sg (genitive Agnetis); third declension

Agnetis (genitive)
Agnes (nominative singular)
Agnetis (genitive singular)
Agnetī (dative singular)
Agnetem (accusative singular)
Agnete (ablative singular)
Agnes (singular vocative)

(Late Latin) a female given name from Ancient Greek, equivalent to English Agnes or Annyce


commentator

la-noun

commentātor m (genitive commentātōris); third declension

commentātor (canonical masculine)
commentātōris (genitive)
commentātor (nominative singular)
commentātōrēs (nominative plural)
commentātōris (genitive singular)
commentātōrum (genitive plural)
commentātōrī (dative singular)
commentātōribus (dative plural)
commentātōrem (accusative singular)
commentātōrēs (accusative plural)
commentātōre (ablative singular)
commentātōribus (ablative plural)
commentātor (singular vocative)
commentātōrēs (plural vocative)

From commentor + -tor. In the medieval sense of “jailer”, from the jailer’s duty of writing commentārii (“memoranda”) with records of those held in custody.