plagio

la-verb

plagiō (present infinitive plagiāre, perfect active plagiāvī, supine plagiātum); first conjugation

plagiō (canonical)
plagiāre (infinitive present)
plagiāvī (active perfect)
plagiātum (supine)
plagiō (active first-person indicative present singular)
plagiās (active indicative present second-person singular)
plagiat (active indicative present singular third-person)
plagiāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
plagiātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
plagiant (active indicative plural present third-person)
plagiābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
plagiābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
plagiābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
plagiābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
plagiābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
plagiābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
plagiābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
plagiābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
plagiābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
plagiābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
plagiābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
plagiābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
plagiāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
plagiāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
plagiāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
plagiāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
plagiāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
plagiāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
plagiāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
plagiāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
plagiāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
plagiāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
plagiāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
plagiāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
plagiāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
plagiāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
plagiāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
plagiāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
plagiāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
plagiāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
plagiāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
plagior (first-person indicative passive present singular)
plagiāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
plagiāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
plagiātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
plagiāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
plagiāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
plagiantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
plagiābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
plagiābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
plagiābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
plagiābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
plagiābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
plagiābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
plagiābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
plagiābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
plagiābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
plagiāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
plagiābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
plagiābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
plagiābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
plagiābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
plagiem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
plagiēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
plagiet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
plagiēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
plagiētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
plagient (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
plagiārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
plagiārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
plagiāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
plagiārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
plagiārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
plagiārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
plagiāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
plagiāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
plagiāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
plagiāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
plagiāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
plagiāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
plagiāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
plagiāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
plagiāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
plagiāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
plagiāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
plagiāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
plagier (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
plagiēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
plagiēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
plagiētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
plagiēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
plagiēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
plagientur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
plagiārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
plagiārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
plagiārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
plagiārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
plagiārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
plagiārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
plagiārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
plagiā (active imperative present second-person singular)
plagiāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
plagiātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
plagiātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
plagiātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
plagiantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
plagiāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
plagiāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
plagiātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
plagiātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
plagiantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
plagiāre (active infinitive present)
plagiārī (infinitive passive present)
plagiāns (active participle present)
plagiātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
plagiātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
plagiātūrus (active future participle)
plagiandus (future participle passive)
plagiāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
plagiātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
plagiātus (participle passive perfect)
plagiātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
plagiātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
plagiandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
plagiandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
plagiandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
plagiandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
plagiātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
plagiātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Catalan: plagiar

French: plagier

Galician: plaxiar

Italian: plagiare

Portuguese: plagiar

Romanian: plagia

Spanish: plagiar

(transitive, Late Latin) to steal (a person), kidnap


matricula

la-noun

mātrīcula f (genitive mātrīculae); first declension

mātrīcula (canonical feminine)
mātrīculae (genitive)
mātrīcula (nominative singular)
mātrīculae (nominative plural)
mātrīculae (genitive singular)
mātrīculārum (genitive plural)
mātrīculae (dative singular)
mātrīculīs (dative plural)
mātrīculam (accusative singular)
mātrīculās (accusative plural)
mātrīculā (ablative singular)
mātrīculīs (ablative plural)
mātrīcula (singular vocative)
mātrīculae (plural vocative)

Albanian: ndrikull (“midwife”)

Catalan: matrícula

English: matricula

Old Francoprovençal: maguelli

Franco-Provençal: margueilli

French: matricule

Galician: matrícula

Hunsrik: Matricula

Italian: matricola

Portuguese: matrícula

Romanian: matricula

Sicilian: matrìcula

Spanish: matrícula, madrilla

[mäːˈt̪riːkʊɫ̪ä]

From mātrīx (“list, register”) + -ulus (diminutive suffix).


mino

la-verb

minō (present infinitive mināre, perfect active mināvī, supine minātum); first conjugation

minō (canonical)
mināre (infinitive present)
mināvī (active perfect)
minātum (supine)
minō (active first-person indicative present singular)
minās (active indicative present second-person singular)
minat (active indicative present singular third-person)
mināmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
minātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
minant (active indicative plural present third-person)
minābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
minābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
minābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
minābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
minābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
minābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
minābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
minābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
minābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
minābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
minābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
minābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
mināvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
mināvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
mināvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
mināvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
mināvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
mināvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
mināvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
mināveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
mināverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
mināverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
mināverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
mināverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
mināverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
mināverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
mināveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
mināverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
mināverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
mināveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
mināverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
minor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
mināre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
mināris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
minātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
mināmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
mināminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
minantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
minābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
minābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
minābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
minābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
minābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
minābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
minābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
minābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
minābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
mināberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
minābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
minābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
minābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
minābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
minem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
minēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
minet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
minēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
minētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
minent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
minārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
minārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
mināret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
minārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
minārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
minārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
mināverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
mināverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
mināverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
mināverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
mināverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
mināverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
mināvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
mināvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
mināvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
mināvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
mināvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
mināvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
miner (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
minēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
minēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
minētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
minēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
minēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
minentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
minārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
minārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
minārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
minārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
minārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
minārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
minārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
minā (active imperative present second-person singular)
mināte (active imperative plural present second-person)
minātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
minātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
minātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
minantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
mināre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
mināminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
minātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
minātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
minantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
mināre (active infinitive present)
minārī (infinitive passive present)
mināns (active participle present)
minātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
minātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
minātūrus (active future participle)
minandus (future participle passive)
mināvisse (active infinitive perfect)
minātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
minātus (participle passive perfect)
minātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
minātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
minandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
minandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
minandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
minandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
minātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
minātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: min, minari

Romanian: mâna, mânare

Dalmatian:

menur

Italo-Romance:

Italian: menare

Neapolitan: menà

Sicilian: minari

North Italian:

Friulian: menâ

Ladin: mener

Piedmontese: mnè, magnè

Romansch: mner

Venetan: menar

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: menar

desctree

Old French: mener
Bourguignon: moiner
Middle French: mener
French: mener
Norman: (Jersey) m'ner, mener
Picard: mner
→ German: mennen

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: menar

Occitan: menar

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: aminar, amenar

Spanish: menar

Etymology tree
Latin minor
Latin mino
Collateral form of minor (“threaten, goad”). Attested in sense 1 from the second century CE in Apuleius. Sense 2 is found in numerous later works.


respondo

la-verb

respondō (present infinitive respondere, perfect active respondī or *respōnsī, supine respōnsum); third conjugation

respondō (canonical)
respondere (infinitive present)
respondī (active perfect)
*respōnsī (active perfect)
respōnsum (supine)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: respun

Romanian: răspunde, răspundere

Dalmatian:

respondro

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: risponda

Italian: rispondere

Sicilian: rispùnniri, arrispùnniri

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: respòndere, respònnere, rispùndiri, rispùnniri

North Italian:

Friulian: rispuindi

Istriot: raspóndi

Ladin: respogne, respuender

Piedmontese: rësponde, arsponde

Romansch: respunder, rispunder, raspunder, respuonder, rasponder

Venetan: risponder, responder

Gallo-Romance:

Old Franco-Provençal: respondre

Franco-Provençal: rèpondre

Old French: respondre (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: respondre

Gascon: respóner, arrespóner

Occitan: respondre

Ribagorçan: responre

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: responder

Asturian: responder

Mirandese: respunder

Old Galician-Portuguese: responder

Galician: responder

Portuguese: responder

Old Spanish: responder

Spanish: responder

→? Sabir: respondir

From Classical respondeō, with a change in verb class. Attested in the Mulomedicina Chironis.


titulo

la-verb

titulō (present infinitive titulāre, perfect active titulāvī, supine titulātum); first conjugation

titulō (canonical)
titulāre (infinitive present)
titulāvī (active perfect)
titulātum (supine)
titulō (active first-person indicative present singular)
titulās (active indicative present second-person singular)
titulat (active indicative present singular third-person)
titulāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
titulātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
titulant (active indicative plural present third-person)
titulābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
titulābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
titulābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
titulābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
titulābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
titulābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
titulābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
titulābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
titulābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
titulābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
titulābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
titulābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
titulāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
titulāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
titulāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
titulāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
titulāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
titulāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
titulāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
titulāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
titulāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
titulāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
titulāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
titulāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
titulāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
titulāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
titulāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
titulāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
titulāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
titulāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
titulāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
titulor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
titulāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
titulāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
titulātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
titulāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
titulāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
titulantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
titulābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
titulābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
titulābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
titulābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
titulābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
titulābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
titulābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
titulābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
titulābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
titulāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
titulābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
titulābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
titulābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
titulābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
titulem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
titulēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
titulet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
titulēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
titulētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
titulent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
titulārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
titulārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
titulāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
titulārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
titulārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
titulārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
titulāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
titulāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
titulāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
titulāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
titulāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
titulāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
titulāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
titulāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
titulāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
titulāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
titulāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
titulāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
tituler (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
titulēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
titulēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
titulētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
titulēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
titulēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
titulentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
titulārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
titulārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
titulārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
titulārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
titulārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
titulārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
titulārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
titulā (active imperative present second-person singular)
titulāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
titulātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
titulātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
titulātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
titulantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
titulāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
titulāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
titulātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
titulātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
titulantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
titulāre (active infinitive present)
titulārī (infinitive passive present)
titulāns (active participle present)
titulātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
titulātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
titulātūrus (active future participle)
titulandus (future participle passive)
titulāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
titulātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
titulātus (participle passive perfect)
titulātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
titulātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
titulandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
titulandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
titulandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
titulandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
titulātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
titulātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Catalan: titllar, titular

Italian: titolare

Portuguese: titular

Romansch: tedlar

Spanish: tildar, titular

[ˈt̪ɪt̪ʊɫ̪oː]

(Late Latin) to give a title to; call; name; entitle


valles

la-noun

vallēs f (genitive vallis); third declension

vallēs (canonical feminine)
vallis (genitive)
vallēs (nominative singular)
vallēs (nominative plural)
vallis (genitive singular)
vallium (genitive plural)
vallī (dative singular)
vallibus (dative plural)
vallem (accusative singular)
vallēs (accusative plural)
vallīs (accusative plural)
valle (ablative singular)
vallibus (ablative plural)
vallēs (singular vocative)
vallēs (plural vocative)

[ˈu̯älːʲeːs̠]


Sabina

Sabīna f (genitive Sabīnae); first declension

Sabīna (canonical feminine)
Sabīnae (genitive)
Sabīna (nominative singular)
Sabīnae (nominative plural)
Sabīnae (genitive singular)
Sabīnārum (genitive plural)
Sabīnae (dative singular)
Sabīnīs (dative plural)
Sabīnam (accusative singular)
Sabīnās (accusative plural)
Sabīnā (ablative singular)
Sabīnīs (ablative plural)
Sabīna (singular vocative)
Sabīnae (plural vocative)


assessor

assessor m (genitive assessōris); third declension

assessōris (genitive)
assessor (nominative singular)
assessōrēs (nominative plural)
assessōris (genitive singular)
assessōrum (genitive plural)
assessōrī (dative singular)
assessōribus (dative plural)
assessōrem (accusative singular)
assessōrēs (accusative plural)
assessōre (ablative singular)
assessōribus (ablative plural)
assessor (singular vocative)
assessōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: assessor

→ German: Assessor

Italian: assessore

→ Occitan: assessor

Old French: assessour

French: assesseur

→ English: assessor

Romanian: asesor

Spanish: asesor

→ Swedish: assessor

[äs̠ˈs̠ɛs̠ːɔr]

assessus, perfect passive participle of assideō (“to sit near”) + -tor; literally, “he who sits near”.


bursa

bursa f (genitive bursae); first declension

bursae (genitive)
bursa (nominative singular)
bursae (nominative plural)
bursae (genitive singular)
bursārum (genitive plural)
bursae (dative singular)
bursīs (dative plural)
bursam (accusative singular)
bursās (accusative plural)
bursā (ablative singular)
bursīs (ablative plural)
bursa (singular vocative)
bursae (plural vocative)

Catalan: bossa, borsa

Dalmatian: buarsa

→ English: bursa, purse (in part, through Old English)

→ German: Bursche

→ Irish: bursa

desctree

Italian: borsa
→ Amharic: ቦርሳ (borsa)
→ Arabic: بورصة
→ Armenian: բորսա (borsa)
→ Ottoman Turkish: پارسه (parsa), پارسا (parsa)
Turkish: parsa
→ Ottoman Turkish: بورسه (borsa), بورسا (borsa)
Turkish: borsa
→ Slovene: borša
→ Tigrinya: ቦርሳ (borsa)

Old French: borse
Middle French: bourse
French: bourse
→ English: bourse
→ Persian: بورس (burs)
→ Romanian: bursă
→ Turkish: burs
Norman: bourse
English: burse
→ Middle Dutch: borse
Dutch: beurs
Afrikaans: beurs
Negerhollands: beers
→ Danish: børs
→ German: Börse
→ Norwegian: børs
→ Papiamentu: bèshi, bersji
→ Russian: би́ржа (bírža) (possibly via German) (see there for further descendants)
→ Swedish: börs
→ West Frisian: beurs

Old Galician-Portuguese: bolssa
Galician: bolsa
Portuguese: bolsa
→ English: bulse

Romanian: boașă, boașe

Romansch: bursa, buorsa

Sicilian: bursa, vursa

Spanish: bolsa

→ Ukrainian: бу́рса (búrsa)

Late Latin (4th century); from the Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa, “hide, wine-skin”).

der

(originally Late Latin) oxhide, animal skin


oricla

la-noun

ōricla f (genitive ōriclae); first declension

ōricla (canonical feminine)
ōriclae (genitive)
ōricla (nominative singular)
ōriclae (nominative plural)
ōriclae (genitive singular)
ōriclārum (genitive plural)
ōriclae (dative singular)
ōriclīs (dative plural)
ōriclam (accusative singular)
ōriclās (accusative plural)
ōriclā (ablative singular)
ōriclīs (ablative plural)
ōricla (singular vocative)
ōriclae (plural vocative)

auris non oricla

[3rd–4th century, Appendix Probi, line 83:

Syncopic form of ōricula; alternative form of auricula


furmica

furmīca f (genitive furmīcae); first declension

furmīca (canonical feminine)
furmīcae (genitive)
furmīca (nominative singular)
furmīcae (nominative plural)
furmīcae (genitive singular)
furmīcārum (genitive plural)
furmīcae (dative singular)
furmīcīs (dative plural)
furmīcam (accusative singular)
furmīcās (accusative plural)
furmīcā (ablative singular)
furmīcīs (ablative plural)
furmīca (singular vocative)
furmīcae (plural vocative)

formica non furmica

[3rd–4th century, Appendix Probi, line 25:

(The correct form is) formica, not furmica


vulpis

vulpis f (genitive vulpis); third declension

vulpis (genitive)
vulpis (nominative singular)
vulpēs (nominative plural)
vulpis (genitive singular)
vulpium (genitive plural)
vulpī (dative singular)
vulpibus (dative plural)
vulpem (accusative singular)
vulpēs (accusative plural)
vulpīs (accusative plural)
vulpe (ablative singular)
vulpibus (ablative plural)
vulpis (singular vocative)
vulpēs (plural vocative)

vulpes non vulpis

[3rd–4th century, Appendix Probi, line 98:

(The correct form is) vulpes, not vulpis


dracco

draccō m (genitive draccōnis); third declension

draccō (canonical masculine)
draccōnis (genitive)
draccō (nominative singular)
draccōnēs (nominative plural)
draccōnis (genitive singular)
draccōnum (genitive plural)
draccōnī (dative singular)
draccōnibus (dative plural)
draccōnem (accusative singular)
draccōnēs (accusative plural)
draccōne (ablative singular)
draccōnibus (ablative plural)
draccō (singular vocative)
draccōnēs (plural vocative)

draco non dracco

[3rd–4th century, Appendix Probi, line 110:

Alternative form of dracō (“dragon, serpent”)


acies

aciēs f (genitive aciēī); fifth declension

aciēs (canonical feminine)
aciēī (genitive)
aciēs (nominative singular)
aciēs (nominative plural)
aciēī (genitive singular)
aciērum (genitive plural)
aciēī (dative singular)
aciēbus (dative plural)
aciem (accusative singular)
aciēs (accusative plural)
aciē (ablative singular)
aciēbus (ablative plural)
aciēs (singular vocative)
aciēs (plural vocative)

desc

Extremaduran: haci (merged with haci < fasces)

Old Galician-Portuguese: az

Old Spanish: azes, az

Spanish: haz (merged with haz < fasces)

Sardinian: (< *acia)

Campidanese: atza

Logudorese: atta, atha

→ English: acies

→ Italian: acie

→ Portuguese: ácie

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed”). By surface analysis, aceō + -iēs. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀκίς (akís, “point, pointed object”), ἀκή (akḗ, “point”) and Proto-Germanic *agjō (whence English edge).
See also word origin of ace.


dampnum

la-noun

dampnum n (genitive dampnī); second declension

dampnī (genitive)
dampnum (nominative singular)
dampna (nominative plural)
dampnī (genitive singular)
dampnōrum (genitive plural)
dampnō (dative singular)
dampnīs (dative plural)
dampnum (accusative singular)
dampna (accusative plural)
dampnō (ablative singular)
dampnīs (ablative plural)
dampnum (singular vocative)
dampna (plural vocative)


catto

la-verb

cattō (present infinitive cattāre, perfect active cattāvī, supine cattātum); first conjugation

cattō (canonical)
cattāre (infinitive present)
cattāvī (active perfect)
cattātum (supine)
cattō (active first-person indicative present singular)
cattās (active indicative present second-person singular)
cattat (active indicative present singular third-person)
cattāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
cattātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
cattant (active indicative plural present third-person)
cattābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
cattābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
cattābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
cattābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
cattābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
cattābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
cattābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
cattābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
cattābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
cattābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
cattābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
cattābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
cattāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
cattāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
cattāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
cattāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
cattāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
cattāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
cattāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
cattāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
cattāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
cattāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
cattāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
cattāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
cattāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
cattāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
cattāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
cattāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
cattāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
cattāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
cattāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
cattor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
cattāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
cattāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
cattātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
cattāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
cattāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
cattantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
cattābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
cattābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
cattābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
cattābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
cattābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
cattābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
cattābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
cattābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
cattābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
cattāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
cattābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
cattābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
cattābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
cattābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
cattem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
cattēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
cattet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
cattēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
cattētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
cattent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
cattārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
cattārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
cattāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
cattārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
cattārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
cattārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
cattāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
cattāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
cattāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
cattāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
cattāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
cattāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
cattāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
cattāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
cattāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
cattāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
cattāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
cattāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
catter (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
cattēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
cattēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
cattētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
cattēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
cattēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
cattentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
cattārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
cattārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
cattārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
cattārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
cattārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
cattārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
cattārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
cattā (active imperative present second-person singular)
cattāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
cattātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
cattātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
cattātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
cattantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
cattāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
cattāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
cattātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
cattātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
cattantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
cattāre (active infinitive present)
cattārī (infinitive passive present)
cattāns (active participle present)
cattātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
cattātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
cattātūrus (active future participle)
cattandus (future participle passive)
cattāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
cattātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
cattātus (participle passive perfect)
cattātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
cattātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
cattandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
cattandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
cattandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
cattandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
cattātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
cattātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Gallo-Romance:

Old Occitan: catar

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: catar

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: catar
Galician: catar
Portuguese: catar

Spanish: catar

From Classical captō, in the sense of "strive to see", with Late Latin assimilation of /pt/ to /tt/.

Hunc vulgus cattum a captura vocant. Alii dicunt quod cattat, id est videt.

Commoners call [the cat] cattus, from the word captura ['catching']. Others say [that they call it so] because it 'cats', that is, it sees.


septimana

la-noun

septimāna f (genitive septimānae); first declension

septimāna (canonical feminine)
septimānae (genitive)
septimāna (nominative singular)
septimānae (nominative plural)
septimānae (genitive singular)
septimānārum (genitive plural)
septimānae (dative singular)
septimānīs (dative plural)
septimānam (accusative singular)
septimānās (accusative plural)
septimānā (ablative singular)
septimānīs (ablative plural)
septimāna (singular vocative)
septimānae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: siptãmãnã, stãmãnã, stãmene

desc

Megleno-Romanian: săptămănă, săptămǫnă, sămǫnă, smǫnă

Romanian: săptămână

Dalmatian:

setimuón, setemúna

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: settimana, simana, sittimana

Italian: settimana

→ Sabir: settimana

Neapolitan: semmana

Tarantino: sumana

Sicilian: simana

North Italian:

Emilian: stmèna

Friulian: setemane

Ladin: setemena, setemèna

Lombard: satmana, satména, semana, selmana

Piedmontese: sman-a

Romagnol: stmana

Venetan: setimana, stemana, stimana, setemana

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: setmana

Franco-Provençal: semana

Old French: semaine (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: setmana

Ibero-Romance:

desctree

Navarro-Aragonese: semana
Aragonese: semana

Old Leonese: [Term?]

desc

Asturian: selmana, sermana, semana, semá, sumana

Leonese: selmana

Mirandese: sumana

Old Galician-Portuguese: [Term?]

Galician: semana

Portuguese: semana (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: setmana, semana

Ladino: semana

Spanish: semana (see there for further descendants)

→ Moroccan Arabic: سيمانة (simāna)

Ancient borrowings:

desctree

→ Old Irish: sechtmain
Irish: seachtain
Manx: shiaghtin
Scottish Gaelic: seachdain

Later borrowings:

→ English: septimane

→ Interlingua: septimana

[s̠ɛpt̪ɪˈmäːnä]

Used as a noun in Late Latin, and derived from the adjective septimānus (“related to the seventh element of a series”), derived from septimus (“seventh”).


discriminator

la-noun

discrīminātor m (genitive discrīminātōris); third declension

discrīminātor (canonical masculine)
discrīminātōris (genitive)
discrīminātor (nominative singular)
discrīminātōrēs (nominative plural)
discrīminātōris (genitive singular)
discrīminātōrum (genitive plural)
discrīminātōrī (dative singular)
discrīminātōribus (dative plural)
discrīminātōrem (accusative singular)
discrīminātōrēs (accusative plural)
discrīminātōre (ablative singular)
discrīminātōribus (ablative plural)
discrīminātor (singular vocative)
discrīminātōrēs (plural vocative)

354 CE – 430 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, In epistolam Joannis ad Parthos tractatus 20.12

(Late Latin) one who distinguishes or discriminates


rido

la-verb

rīdō (present infinitive rīdere, perfect active rīsī, supine rīsum); third conjugation

rīdō (canonical)
rīdere (infinitive present)
rīsī (active perfect)
rīsum (supine)

Walther von Wartburg
w:Walther von Wartburg

Alternative form of rīdeō (“to laugh”) (attested in Hilarius and Diomedes)


diurnum

la-noun

diurnum n (genitive diurnī); second declension

diurnī (genitive)
diurnum (nominative singular)
diurna (nominative plural)
diurnī (genitive singular)
diurnōrum (genitive plural)
diurnō (dative singular)
diurnīs (dative plural)
diurnum (accusative singular)
diurna (accusative plural)
diurnō (ablative singular)
diurnīs (ablative plural)
diurnum (singular vocative)
diurna (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: ghjornu

Italian: giorno

Neapolitan: juorno

Sicilian: jornu

Padanian:

Ligurian: giórno

Venetan: zorno, giorno

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: jorn

Franco-Provençal: jorn

Old French: jor (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: jorn
Occitan: jorn

[d̪iˈʊrnʊ̃ˑ]

Substantivization of diurnus (“day”, relational adjective). Documented from the fourth century AD.

day (specifically the time when the sun is up)


complexus

complexus m (genitive complexūs); fourth declension

complexūs (genitive)
complexus (nominative singular)
complexūs (nominative plural)
complexūs (genitive singular)
complexuum (genitive plural)
complexuī (dative singular)
complexibus (dative plural)
complexum (accusative singular)
complexūs (accusative plural)
complexū (ablative singular)
complexibus (ablative plural)
complexus (singular vocative)
complexūs (plural vocative)

From complector + -tus (action noun suffix).


glossa

glōssa f (genitive glōssae); first declension

glōssa (canonical feminine)
glōssae (genitive)
glōssa (nominative singular)
glōssae (nominative plural)
glōssae (genitive singular)
glōssārum (genitive plural)
glōssae (dative singular)
glōssīs (dative plural)
glōssam (accusative singular)
glōssās (accusative plural)
glōssā (ablative singular)
glōssīs (ablative plural)
glōssa (singular vocative)
glōssae (plural vocative)

Italian: chiosa, → glossa

→ Catalan: glossa

→ Middle English: glosse

English: gloss

→ Middle High German: glōse

German: Glosse

→ Old French: glose

Middle French: glose

French: glose

→ Czech: glosa

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: glosa

Portuguese: glosa

→ Old Irish: glúas

Middle Irish: glúais

Irish: gluais

→ Old Spanish: glosa

Spanish: glosa

→ Polish: glosa

→ Romanian: glosă

[ˈɡɫ̪oːs̠ːä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γλῶσσᾰ (glôssă).

an obsolete, foreign, rare, or otherwise difficult term that requires explanation

(Late Latin) an explanation or interpretation of such a word


abominatio

abōminātiō f (genitive abōminātiōnis); third declension

abōminātiō (canonical feminine)
abōminātiōnis (genitive)
abōminātiō (nominative singular)
abōminātiōnēs (nominative plural)
abōminātiōnis (genitive singular)
abōminātiōnum (genitive plural)
abōminātiōnī (dative singular)
abōminātiōnibus (dative plural)
abōminātiōnem (accusative singular)
abōminātiōnēs (accusative plural)
abōminātiōne (ablative singular)
abōminātiōnibus (ablative plural)
abōminātiō (singular vocative)
abōminātiōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: abominació

→ Dutch: abominatie

→ Middle French: abomination

→ Middle English: abominacioun

English: abomination

French: abomination

→ Romanian: abominațiune

→ Galician: abominación

→ Italian: abominazione

→ Polish: abominacja

→ Portuguese: abominação

→ Spanish: abominación

(Late Latin) aversion, detestation, loathing, abomination


undula

undula f (genitive undulae); first declension

undulae (genitive)
undula (nominative singular)
undulae (nominative plural)
undulae (genitive singular)
undulārum (genitive plural)
undulae (dative singular)
undulīs (dative plural)
undulam (accusative singular)
undulās (accusative plural)
undulā (ablative singular)
undulīs (ablative plural)
undula (singular vocative)
undulae (plural vocative)

[ˈʊn̪d̪ʊɫ̪ä]

From unda (“wave”) + -ula (diminutive ending).


monarchia

la-noun

monarchia f (genitive monarchiae); first declension

monarchiae (genitive)
monarchia (nominative singular)
monarchiae (nominative plural)
monarchiae (genitive singular)
monarchiārum (genitive plural)
monarchiae (dative singular)
monarchiīs (dative plural)
monarchiam (accusative singular)
monarchiās (accusative plural)
monarchiā (ablative singular)
monarchiīs (ablative plural)
monarchia (singular vocative)
monarchiae (plural vocative)

Asturian: monarquía

Catalan: monarquia

Old French: monarchie

French: monarchie

English: monarchy

Italian: monarchia

Portuguese: monarquia

Romanian: monarhie

Spanish: monarquía

From Ancient Greek μοναρχία (monarkhía).

In this way the Trinity, proceeding by intermingled and connected degrees from the Father, in no respect challenges the monarchy, while it conserves the quality of the economy.

c. 160 CE – c. 225 CE, Tertullian, ADVERSUS PRAXEAN VIII

(Late Latin, Christianity) the unity of God.


frons

frōns f (genitive frontis); third declension

frōns (canonical feminine)
frontis (genitive)
frōns (nominative singular)
frontēs (nominative plural)
frontis (genitive singular)
frontium (genitive plural)
frontī (dative singular)
frontibus (dative plural)
frontem (accusative singular)
frontēs (accusative plural)
frontīs (accusative plural)
fronte (ablative singular)
frontibus (ablative plural)
frōns (singular vocative)
frontēs (plural vocative)

Dalmatian: fruant

Eastern Romance:

desc

Aromanian: frãmti f, frãmte, frumti, frumte, frunti, frunte

Romanian: frunte f

Italian: fronte f

desctree

Old French: front m
French: front m (see there for further descendants)
Norman: front m
→ Dutch: front
→ Middle English: frount, ffront, ffrount, front, fronte, frounte, frountte, frownt, frownte, frunt, frunte
English: front (see there for further descendants)
Scots: front

Old Leonese:

Asturian: frente f

Old Occitan: front

Catalan: front m

Occitan: frònt m

Old Galician-Portuguese: fronte

Galician: fronte f

Portuguese: fronte f

Old Spanish: fruente f

Ladino:

Hebrew script: פ׳רינטי

Latin script: frente

Spanish: frente f (see there for further descendants)

Romagnol: frònta

Sicilian: frunti f

→ English: frons

→ Friulian: front

→ Romansch: frunt, frùnt, front

→ Sardinian: fronte, fronti, frunte

→ Spanish: frontis

→ Venetan: front

From Proto-Italic *fronts, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrónts (compare Irish braine (“prow, edge”), Old Norse brandr (“sword blade”)), from *bʰren- (“to project; edge”).

(Late Latin) as expressing impudence, boldness


universitas

la-noun

ūniversitās f (genitive ūniversitātis); third declension

ūniversitās (canonical feminine)
ūniversitātis (genitive)
ūniversitās (nominative singular)
ūniversitātēs (nominative plural)
ūniversitātis (genitive singular)
ūniversitātum (genitive plural)
ūniversitātī (dative singular)
ūniversitātibus (dative plural)
ūniversitātem (accusative singular)
ūniversitātēs (accusative plural)
ūniversitāte (ablative singular)
ūniversitātibus (ablative plural)
ūniversitās (singular vocative)
ūniversitātēs (plural vocative)

Aragonese: universidat

Aromanian: univirsitati

Asturian: universidá

→ Basque: unibertsitate (learned)

desc

университе́т

Bulgarian: университе́т (universitét)

Catalan: universitat

Corsican: università

desctree

Danish: universitet
→ Greenlandic: universiteti

Faroese: universitet

desc

πανεπιστήμιο

→ Greek: πανεπιστήμιο (panepistímio) (calque)

אוּנִיבֶרְסִיטָה

Hebrew: אוּנִיבֶרְסִיטָה (univérsita)

desctree

→ Indonesian: universitas, universiteit, universitet, universitit (learned)
→ Malay: universitas
→ Tetum: universitas

Italian: università, universitade, universitate (obsolete)
→ Ido: universitato
→ Maltese: università

Latvian: universitāte

→ Middle High German: universitēt (learned)
German: Universität (see there for further descendants)

Norwegian Bokmål: universitet

Norwegian Nynorsk: universitet

Occitan: universitat

Old French: universitei (see there for further descendants)

English: university

→ Old Spanish: universidat (learned) (see there for further descendants)

Romanian: universitate

Sicilian: univirsità, univirsitati

Swedish: universitet

[uːniˈu̯ɛrs̠ɪt̪äːs̠]

From noun ūniversus (“turned into one”) + -tās, from ūni- (“one”), + versus (“turned”), perfect passive participle of vertō, vertere (“turn”).

(Late Latin) a group of people taken as a whole, a company, community, corporation


categoria

la-noun

catēgoria f (genitive catēgoriae); first declension

catēgoria (canonical feminine)
catēgoriae (genitive)
catēgoria (nominative singular)
catēgoriae (nominative plural)
catēgoriae (genitive singular)
catēgoriārum (genitive plural)
catēgoriae (dative singular)
catēgoriīs (dative plural)
catēgoriam (accusative singular)
catēgoriās (accusative plural)
catēgoriā (ablative singular)
catēgoriīs (ablative plural)
catēgoria (singular vocative)
catēgoriae (plural vocative)

[kät̪eːˈɡɔriä]

[kät̪eˈɡɔːriä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κατηγορία (katēgoría, “charge, accusation; logic: predication, category”).


cuprum

la-noun

cuprum n (genitive cuprī); second declension

cuprī (genitive)
cuprum (nominative singular)
cupra (nominative plural)
cuprī (genitive singular)
cuprōrum (genitive plural)
cuprō (dative singular)
cuprīs (dative plural)
cuprum (accusative singular)
cupra (accusative plural)
cuprō (ablative singular)
cuprīs (ablative plural)
cuprum (singular vocative)
cupra (plural vocative)

West Iberian

Asturian: cobre

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: cobre

Portuguese: cobre

Spanish: cobre

→ Basque: kobre

Catalan: coure

desc

Old French: cuivre, quivre, queivre, coivre

Bourguignon: cueuvre, cuvre

Champenois: cuevre

French: cuivre

→ Breton: kouevr

Occitan: coire

Borrowings

→ Proto-West Germanic: *kopr (see there for further descendants)

→ Malay: kuprum

→ Romanian: cupru

→⇒ English: cupro-, cupric

→⇒ Italian: cupro-, cuprico

From cyprium (“copper”), elliptical for aes Cyprium, Cyprium aes (literally “Cypriote copper”), after the large reserves of the metal found on the island of Cyprus.


bassus

la-adj

bassus (feminine bassa, neuter bassum); first/second-declension adjective

bassa (feminine)
bassum (neuter)
bassus (masculine nominative singular)
bassa (feminine nominative singular)
bassum (neuter nominative singular)
bassī (masculine nominative singular)
bassae (feminine nominative plural)
bassa (neuter nominative plural)
bassī (genitive masculine singular)
bassae (feminine genitive singular)
bassī (genitive neuter singular)
bassōrum (genitive masculine singular)
bassārum (feminine genitive plural)
bassōrum (genitive neuter plural)
bassō (dative masculine singular)
bassae (dative feminine singular)
bassō (dative neuter singular)
bassīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
bassum (accusative masculine singular)
bassam (accusative feminine singular)
bassum (accusative neuter singular)
bassōs (accusative masculine singular)
bassās (accusative feminine plural)
bassa (accusative neuter plural)
bassō (ablative masculine singular)
bassā (ablative feminine singular)
bassō (ablative neuter singular)
bassīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
basse (masculine singular vocative)
bassa (feminine singular vocative)
bassum (neuter singular vocative)
bassī (masculine singular vocative)
bassae (feminine plural vocative)
bassa (neuter plural vocative)

Aragonese: baxo

Asturian: baxu

Catalan: baix

English: abase, bas relief, base, bass

Extremaduran: bahu

French: bas

Friulian: bas

→ Hungarian: basszus

Italian: basso

Neapolitan: vascio, abbascio

Occitan: bas, baish

Old Galician-Portuguese: baixo

Galician: baixo

Portuguese: baixo

Romansch: bass, bas

Sicilian: vasciu

desctree

Spanish: bajo, baxo (obsolete)
→ Cebuano: baho

Venetan: baso, bas

→ Welsh: bas

From Ancient Greek βάσις (básis) or βαθύς (bathús), or from Oscan or Celtic.

(Late Latin, Medieval Latin) thick, fat, stumpy, short, low, base


sacerdotalis

la-noun

sacerdōtālis m (genitive sacerdōtālis); third declension

sacerdōtālis (canonical masculine)
sacerdōtālis (genitive)
sacerdōtālis (nominative singular)
sacerdōtālēs (nominative plural)
sacerdōtālis (genitive singular)
sacerdōtālium (genitive plural)
sacerdōtālī (dative singular)
sacerdōtālibus (dative plural)
sacerdōtālem (accusative singular)
sacerdōtālēs (accusative plural)
sacerdōtālīs (accusative plural)
sacerdōtāle (ablative singular)
sacerdōtālibus (ablative plural)
sacerdōtālis (singular vocative)
sacerdōtālēs (plural vocative)

[s̠äkɛrd̪oːˈt̪äːlʲɪs̠]

Derived from sacerdōs (“priest”) + -ālis (“-al; adjective-forming suffix”).

suffix

(Late Latin) Someone who has filled a priestly office or is of priestly rank.


cerimonia

la-noun

cērimōnia f (genitive cērimōniae); first declension

cērimōnia (canonical feminine)
cērimōniae (genitive)
cērimōnia (nominative singular)
cērimōniae (nominative plural)
cērimōniae (genitive singular)
cērimōniārum (genitive plural)
cērimōniae (dative singular)
cērimōniīs (dative plural)
cērimōniam (accusative singular)
cērimōniās (accusative plural)
cērimōniā (ablative singular)
cērimōniīs (ablative plural)
cērimōnia (singular vocative)
cērimōniae (plural vocative)

(Late Latin) Alternative form of caerimōnia


fontana

fontāna f (genitive fontānae); first declension

fontāna (canonical feminine)
fontānae (genitive)
fontāna (nominative singular)
fontānae (nominative plural)
fontānae (genitive singular)
fontānārum (genitive plural)
fontānae (dative singular)
fontānīs (dative plural)
fontānam (accusative singular)
fontānās (accusative plural)
fontānā (ablative singular)
fontānīs (ablative plural)
fontāna (singular vocative)
fontānae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: fãntãnã

Asturian: fontana

Catalan: fontana

Corsican: funtana

Franco-Provençal: fontana

Old French: fontaine

Middle French: fontaine

French: fontaine

→ Dutch: fontein

Afrikaans: fontein

→ Norwegian: fontene

→ Middle English:

English: fountain

Friulian: fontane

⇒ Galician: fontela

Italian: fontana

→ Polish: fontanna

Ladin: funtana

Portuguese: fontana

Romanian: fântână

Romansch: funtauna

Sardinian: fantana, funtana

Sicilian: funtana

Spanish: hontana, fontana

→ Belarusian: фантан (fantan)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *funtọn (see there for further descendants)

→ Czech: fontána

→ German: Fontäne

→ Lithuanian: fontanas

→ Russian: фонтан (fontan)

→ Serbo-Croatian: fontana

→ Slovak: fontána

→ Swedish: fontän

→ Ukrainian: фонтан (fontan)

Substantivation of the feminine of Classical fontānus (“of a spring”), from fōns (“spring”) (or a shortening of the expression fontana aqua).


cambium

cambium n (genitive cambiī or cambī); second declension

cambiī (genitive)
cambī (genitive)
cambium (nominative singular)
cambia (nominative plural)
cambiī (genitive singular)
cambī (genitive singular)
cambiōrum (genitive plural)
cambiō (dative singular)
cambiīs (dative plural)
cambium (accusative singular)
cambia (accusative plural)
cambiō (ablative singular)
cambiīs (ablative plural)
cambium (singular vocative)
cambia (plural vocative)

→ English: cambium

→ French: cambium

Galician: cambio

Italian: cambio

Portuguese: câmbio

→ Spanish: cambio, cambium

From Gaulish cambion, from Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₂mbós, *(s)kh₂mbós (“crooked”), ultimately from the root Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”).
Compare Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “winding, bending; turn, change”). Cognate with Ancient Greek σκαμβός (skambós, “crooked”), Old Irish camm (“crooked”), Welsh cam (“crooked”), Breton kamm (“crooked”), Old High German skimph (“joke, amusement, pastime”), Swedish skumpa (“to limp”). More at change.


pecus

la-noun

pecus n (genitive pecoris); third declension

pecoris (genitive)
pecus (nominative singular)
pecora (nominative plural)
pecoris (genitive singular)
pecorum (genitive plural)
pecorī (dative singular)
pecoribus (dative plural)
pecus (accusative singular)
pecora (accusative plural)
pecore (ablative singular)
pecoribus (ablative plural)
pecus (singular vocative)
pecora (plural vocative)

Padanian:

Friulian: piore

Ligurian: pegoa, pegora, piégoa

Lombard: pévra, péura, pégora

Old Piedmontese: piévra

Piedmontese: pévra

Venetan: piègora, pégora, piovra

Gallurese: pécura, pégura

Italian: pecora

→ Portuguese: pécora

Sassarese: péggura

Sicilian: pècura

→ Spanish: pécora

From Proto-Italic *pekos, from Proto-Indo-European *péḱ-os (“livestock”). Related to pecū, from Proto-Indo-European *peḱu- (“livestock, domestic animals”). Cognates include Sanskrit पशु (páśu, “cattle”), Old Armenian ասր (asr, “fleece”), Old Saxon fehu, Old English feoh, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿 (faihu), Old Norse fé, Swedish fä and Lithuanian pēkus (“cattle”).
The origin of the suffixal -d- in pecus ~ pecudis is unknown.

der

(zoology, Late Latin) Any individual animal, conceived as a member or usual member of a flock or herd.


salutare

la-noun

salūtāre n (genitive salūtāris); third declension

salūtāre (canonical neuter)
salūtāris (genitive)
salūtāre (nominative singular)
salūtāria (nominative plural)
salūtāris (genitive singular)
salūtārium (genitive plural)
salūtārī (dative singular)
salūtāribus (dative plural)
salūtāre (accusative singular)
salūtāria (accusative plural)
salūtārī (ablative singular)
salūtāribus (ablative plural)
salūtāre (singular vocative)
salūtāria (plural vocative)

[s̠äɫ̪uːˈt̪äːrɛ]

Exspectabam salutare tuum, Domine, et mandata tua dilexi...Concupivi salutare tuum, Domine, et lex tua meditatio mea est.

I looked to thy salvation, O Lord: and I loved thy commandments...I have longed for thy salvation, O Lord; and thy law is my meditation.

Notum ergo sit vobis, quoniam gentibus missum est hoc salutare Dei, et ipsi audient.

Be it known therefore to you, that this salvation of God is sent to the Gentiles, and they will hear it.

Incrassatus est dilectus, et recalcitravit : incrassatus, impinguatus, dilatatus, dereliquit Deum factorem suum, et recessit a Deo salutari suo.

The beloved grew fat, and kicked: he grew fat, and thick and gross, he forsook God who made him, and departed from God his saviour.
(English translations from Douay-Rheims Bible, Challoner rev.)

(biblical, Late Latin) salvation, saviour, deliverance


obelus

obelus m (genitive obelī); second declension

obelī (genitive)
obelus (nominative singular)
obelī (nominative plural)
obelī (genitive singular)
obelōrum (genitive plural)
obelō (dative singular)
obelīs (dative plural)
obelum (accusative singular)
obelōs (accusative plural)
obelō (ablative singular)
obelīs (ablative plural)
obele (singular vocative)
obelī (plural vocative)


illui

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: lui

Romanian: lui, -lui

Italo-Romance:

Italian: lui

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: lui

French: lui

Friulian: lui

Old Occitan: lui

From illī (same meaning but unspecified for gender) with the ending apparently taken from cui (“whom”).

c. iulius nigri lib. oriens víxit / annos xxxxv / iade contubernali suo dignissimo / quoi non licuit in suis manibus / ultimum illui spiritum ut / exciperet
Gaius Julius Nigri, a freedman by birth, lived forty-five years. Iade [has dedicated this epitaph] to his worthy companion [Gaius] who did not have the opportunity to draw his last breath in [Iade's] arms.
(The pronunciation of illui at this time may have been something like [elˈlui̯].)

Formulary of Marculf, I.17

...that the aforementioned villa was granted him, in all its entirety, by the aforementioned prince...

...antedicta villa illa cum omni sua integritate ab ipso principe illo memorato lui fuisse concessa...

him (dative singular masculine; apparently also genitive)


abbatia

abbātia f (genitive abbātiae); first declension

abbātia (canonical feminine)
abbātiae (genitive)
abbātia (nominative singular)
abbātiae (nominative plural)
abbātiae (genitive singular)
abbātiārum (genitive plural)
abbātiae (dative singular)
abbātiīs (dative plural)
abbātiam (accusative singular)
abbātiās (accusative plural)
abbātiā (ablative singular)
abbātiīs (ablative plural)
abbātia (singular vocative)
abbātiae (plural vocative)

Asturian: abadía

Catalan: abadia

Italian: abbazia, badia

→ Romanian: abație

desc

Old French: abaïe, abbaïe, abeïe, abbeïe

French: abbaye

→ Middle English: abbey

English: abbey

Norman: abbaye

Old Occitan: abadia

Occitan: abadiá

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: abadia
Galician: abadía
Portuguese: abadia

Sicilian: batìa

Spanish: abadía

→ Basque: abadia

→ Proto-West Germanic: *abbadejā (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Polish: abbacyja (learned)

→ Serbo-Croatian: opatija

→ Slovene: opatija

[äbˈbäːt̪iä]

[äbˈbät̪ː͡s̪iä]

Derived from the oblique stem abbāt- of abbās (“abbot”) + -ia (nominal derivational suffix).

suffix

the estates and revenues pertaining to an abbey or abbacy; the territory governed by an abbey

a chapter of canons or other non-monastic institution led by an abbot

a non-cathedral church in an episcopal city


camerarius

la-noun

camerārius m (genitive camerāriī); second declension

camerārius (canonical masculine)
camerāriī (genitive)
camerārius (nominative singular)
camerāriī (nominative plural)
camerāriī (genitive singular)
camerāriōrum (genitive plural)
camerāriō (dative singular)
camerāriīs (dative plural)
camerārium (accusative singular)
camerāriōs (accusative plural)
camerāriō (ablative singular)
camerāriīs (ablative plural)
camerārie (singular vocative)
camerāriī (plural vocative)

(Late Latin) chamberlain, camerlengo; officer in charge of a noble, royal, or ecclesiastical household.


trappa

trappa f (genitive trappae); first declension

trappae (genitive)
trappa (nominative singular)
trappae (nominative plural)
trappae (genitive singular)
trappārum (genitive plural)
trappae (dative singular)
trappīs (dative plural)
trappam (accusative singular)
trappās (accusative plural)
trappā (ablative singular)
trappīs (ablative plural)
trappa (singular vocative)
trappae (plural vocative)

Catalan: trapa

→ Galician: trapa

Franco-Provençal: trapa

desctree

Old French: trape, trappe
Middle French: trappe, trape
French: trappe

Occitan: trapa

Borrowed from Germanic. Compare Old English træppe. Found in the Lex Salica.


presbytera

la-noun

presbytera f (genitive presbyterae); first declension

presbyterae (genitive)
presbytera (nominative singular)
presbyterae (nominative plural)
presbyterae (genitive singular)
presbyterārum (genitive plural)
presbyterae (dative singular)
presbyterīs (dative plural)
presbyteram (accusative singular)
presbyterās (accusative plural)
presbyterā (ablative singular)
presbyterīs (ablative plural)
presbytera (singular vocative)
presbyterae (plural vocative)

Sicilian: Privitera


saeta

saeta f (genitive saetae); first declension

saetae (genitive)
saeta (nominative singular)
saetae (nominative plural)
saetae (genitive singular)
saetārum (genitive plural)
saetae (dative singular)
saetīs (dative plural)
saetam (accusative singular)
saetās (accusative plural)
saetā (ablative singular)
saetīs (ablative plural)
saeta (singular vocative)
saetae (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

saita

Italo-Romance:

Central Italian: seta, sete, seda

Corsican: sita

Italian: seta

Neapolitan: seta, sèita

Sicilian: sita

Padanian:

Emilian: seda, sèida

Friulian: sede

Ligurian: sæa, sèe, sèje, sè

Lombard: seda, sida

→ Piedmontese: seda, sèida (“silk”)

Piedmontese: sèje, sèja, sè (“bristle”)

Romansch: saida, seida, seda

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: sèya, sèye

French: soie

Norman: souaie

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: seda

Catalan: seda

Occitan: seda

Gascon: seta

Vivaro-Alpine: sea

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: seda, sea

Extremaduran: sea

Galician: seda

Leonese: seda

Portuguese: seda

Spanish: seda

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: seda, sera, seta

→ English: seta (learned)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *sīdā (see there for further descendants)

→ Irish: síoda

→ Welsh: sidan

From Proto-Italic *saitā, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂it-o/eh₂-, *sh₂éyt-o/eh₂-, from *sh₂ey-, *seh₂i- (“to bind”). Compare Old High German seid (“cord”), Old Norse seior, Czech síť (“net”), Russian сеть (setʹ, “net, mesh”), Old Church Slavonic сѣть (sětĭ, “trap, snare, net”), Lithuanian sietas (“tie”), Old Prussian saytan (“belt, strap”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬈𐬙𐬎 (haetu, “dam”), and Sanskrit सेतु (sétu, “bridge, fetter, band”).

cog

(Late Latin) silk (the meaning of most descendants in modern languages)


particella

la-noun

particella f (genitive particellae); first declension

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: părticea

Italo-Romance:

Italian: particella

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: parcelle (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: parcèla

Ibero-Romance:

Mozarabic: [Term?]

→ Catalan: barcella

Old Spanish: parteziella

Spanish: partecilla

From particula + -la (diminutive ending). Attested in the Albertini Tablets.


laetus

laetus m (genitive laetī); second declension

laetī (genitive)
laetus (nominative singular)
laetī (nominative plural)
laetī (genitive singular)
laetōrum (genitive plural)
laetō (dative singular)
laetīs (dative plural)
laetum (accusative singular)
laetōs (accusative plural)
laetō (ablative singular)
laetīs (ablative plural)
laete (singular vocative)
laetī (plural vocative)

→ Old Saxon: lido, liddo (< litus)

→ Old High German: litus

Middle High German: *lite

German: Lite

From Gothic *𐌻𐌴𐍄𐍃 (*lēts) (attested in Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌴𐍄𐍃 (fralēts, “freeman”)), from Proto-Germanic *lētaz, from Proto-Germanic *lētaną (“to let, rent, free, release”). Attested in the Lex Salica. Cognate with Old Frisian lēt (“serf”), Old English lǣt (“serf”), English let, liege.

der

[ˈɫ̪äe̯t̪ʊs̠]

a foreign bondman who received a piece of land to cultivate, for which he paid tribute to his master; a serf.


apputo

la-verb

apputō (present infinitive apputāre, perfect active apputāvī, supine apputātum); first conjugation

apputō (canonical)
apputāre (infinitive present)
apputāvī (active perfect)
apputātum (supine)
apputō (active first-person indicative present singular)
apputās (active indicative present second-person singular)
apputat (active indicative present singular third-person)
apputāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
apputātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
apputant (active indicative plural present third-person)
apputābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
apputābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
apputābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
apputābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
apputābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
apputābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
apputābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
apputābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
apputābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
apputābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
apputābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
apputābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
apputāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
apputāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
apputāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
apputāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
apputāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
apputāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
apputāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
apputāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
apputāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
apputāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
apputāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
apputāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
apputāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
apputāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
apputāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
apputāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
apputāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
apputāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
apputāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
apputor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
apputāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
apputāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
apputātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
apputāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
apputāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
apputantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
apputābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
apputābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
apputābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
apputābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
apputābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
apputābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
apputābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
apputābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
apputābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
apputāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
apputābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
apputābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
apputābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
apputābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
apputem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
apputēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
apputet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
apputēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
apputētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
apputent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
apputārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
apputārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
apputāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
apputārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
apputārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
apputārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
apputāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
apputāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
apputāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
apputāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
apputāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
apputāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
apputāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
apputāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
apputāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
apputāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
apputāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
apputāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
apputer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
apputēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
apputēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
apputētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
apputēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
apputēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
apputentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
apputārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
apputārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
apputārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
apputārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
apputārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
apputārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
apputārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
apputā (active imperative present second-person singular)
apputāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
apputātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
apputātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
apputātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
apputantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
apputāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
apputāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
apputātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
apputātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
apputantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
apputāre (active infinitive present)
apputārī (infinitive passive present)
apputāns (active participle present)
apputātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
apputātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
apputātūrus (active future participle)
apputandus (future participle passive)
apputāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
apputātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
apputātus (participle passive perfect)
apputātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
apputātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
apputandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
apputandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
apputandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
apputandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
apputātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
apputātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Spanish: apodar

From ad- (ap) (“to, toward”) + putō (“regard, judge”).


turris

la-noun

turris f (genitive turris); third declension

turris (genitive)
turris (nominative singular)
turrēs (nominative plural)
turris (genitive singular)
turrium (genitive plural)
turrī (dative singular)
turribus (dative plural)
turrim (accusative singular)
turrem (accusative singular)
turrēs (accusative plural)
turrīs (accusative plural)
turrī (ablative singular)
turre (ablative singular)
turribus (ablative plural)
turris (singular vocative)
turrēs (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Aromanian: turon

Romanian: turn

Gallo-Italic

Emilian: tårr

Lombard: torr [tor, tur]

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: torre

Sicilian: turri

→ Maltese: torri

Old French: tor (see there for further descendants)

Middle French: tour

French: tour (see there for further descendants)

Walloon: tour

Old Occitan: torre
Occitan: torre

Rhaeto-Romance

Romansch: tor, tur, tuor

Venetan: tor, tore

West Iberian

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: torre

Old Leonese:

Asturian: torre

Old Galician-Portuguese: torre

Galician: torre

Portuguese: torre (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: torre

Spanish: torre (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Celtic:

Proto-Brythonic:

Cornish: tor

Old Welsh: *tor

Welsh: tŵr

Old Irish:

Irish: tor

→ Old English: tor, torr

Middle English: tor

English: tor, tower

→ Albanian: turrë

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis) (Hesychius), τύρσις (túrsis), likely ultimately a Mediterranean substrate loan. Compare Τυρρηνός (Turrhēnós, “Etruscan”). Also compare the tribe Taurini.


arida

ārida f (genitive āridae); first declension

ārida (canonical feminine)
āridae (genitive)
ārida (nominative singular)
āridae (nominative plural)
āridae (genitive singular)
āridārum (genitive plural)
āridae (dative singular)
āridīs (dative plural)
āridam (accusative singular)
āridās (accusative plural)
āridā (ablative singular)
āridīs (ablative plural)
ārida (singular vocative)
āridae (plural vocative)

Et dixit ad eos: Hebraeus ego sum, et Dominum Deum caeli ego timeo, qui fecit mare et aridam.

And he said to them: I am a Hebrew, and I fear the Lord, the God of Heaven, who made the sea and the dry land.


coquina

coquīna f (genitive coquīnae); first declension

coquīna (canonical feminine)
coquīnae (genitive)
coquīna (nominative singular)
coquīnae (nominative plural)
coquīnae (genitive singular)
coquīnārum (genitive plural)
coquīnae (dative singular)
coquīnīs (dative plural)
coquīnam (accusative singular)
coquīnās (accusative plural)
coquīnā (ablative singular)
coquīnīs (ablative plural)
coquīna (singular vocative)
coquīnae (plural vocative)

Lombard: cuvina (Vallemaggia)

Substantivization of the feminine of coquīnus (“of cooks”, adjective), from coquus (“cook”, noun), from coquō (“cook”, verb). Doublet of popīna.


habeo

la-verb

habeō (present infinitive habēre, perfect active habuī, supine habitum); second conjugation

habeō (canonical)
habēre (infinitive present)
habuī (active perfect)
habitum (supine)
habeō (active first-person indicative present singular)
habēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
habet (active indicative present singular third-person)
habēmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
habētis (active indicative plural present second-person)
habent (active indicative plural present third-person)
habēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
habēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
habēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
habēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
habēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
habēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
habēbō (active first-person future indicative singular)
habēbis (active future indicative second-person singular)
habēbit (active future indicative singular third-person)
habēbimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
habēbitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
habēbunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
habuī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
habuistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
habuit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
habuimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
habuistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
habuēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
habuērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
habueram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
habuerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
habuerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
habuerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
habuerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
habuerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
habuerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
habueris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
habuerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
habuerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
habueritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
habuerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
habēssō (active first-person future sigmatic singular)
habēssis (active future second-person sigmatic singular)
habēssit (active future sigmatic singular third-person)
habēssimus (active first-person future plural sigmatic)
habēssitis (active future plural second-person sigmatic)
habēssint (active future plural sigmatic third-person)
habeor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
habēre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
habēris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
habētur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
habēmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
habēminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
habentur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
habēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
habēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
habēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
habēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
habēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
habēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
habēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
habēbor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
habēbere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
habēberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
habēbitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
habēbimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
habēbiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
habēbuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
habeam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
habeās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
habeat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
habeāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
habeātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
habeant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
habērem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
habērēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
habēret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
habērēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
habērētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
habērent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
habuerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
habuerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
habuerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
habuerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
habuerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
habuerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
habuissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
habuissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
habuisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
habuissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
habuissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
habuissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
habēssim (active aorist first-person sigmatic singular)
habēssīs (active aorist second-person sigmatic singular)
habēssīt (active aorist sigmatic singular third-person)
habēssīmus (active aorist first-person plural sigmatic)
habēssītis (active aorist plural second-person sigmatic)
habēssint (active aorist plural sigmatic third-person)
habear (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
habeāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
habeāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
habeātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
habeāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
habeāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
habeantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
habērer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
habērēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
habērēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
habērētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
habērēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
habērēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
habērentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
habē (active imperative present second-person singular)
habēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
habētō (active future imperative second-person singular)
habētō (active future imperative singular third-person)
habētōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
habentō (active future imperative plural third-person)
habēre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
habēminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
habētor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
habētor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
habentor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
habēre (active infinitive present)
habērī (infinitive passive present)
habērier (infinitive passive present)
habēns (active participle present)
habitūrum esse (active future infinitive)
habitum īrī (future infinitive passive)
habitūrus (active future participle)
habendus (future participle passive)
habuisse (active infinitive perfect)
habitum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
habitus (participle passive perfect)
habitum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
habitūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
habendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
habendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
habendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
habendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
habitum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
habitū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: amu, am, aveari

Istro-Romanian: am, amu, ve

Megleno-Romanian: am, veari, veri

Romanian: avea, avere

Dalmatian:

avar

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: avè

Italian: avere

Neapolitan: avere

Sicilian: aviri

Padanian:

Istriot: avì

Ladin: avei, avëi

Ligurian: avéi

Piedmontese: avèj

Romagnol: avér, avēr

Venetan: aver

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: vê

Romansch: avair, haver, aver, aveir

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: avêr

Oïl:

Angevin: avair

Bourbonnais-Berrichon: avoér

Champenois: aivoir

Lorrain: aivor

desctree

Old French: avoir, aveir, aver (archaic or northern), avoyr (alternative spelling)
Bourguignon: aivoi
Gallo: aveir
Middle French: avoir
French: avoir
Norman: aveir, aver
Picard: avoèr
Walloon: aveur
→ Middle English: aver
English: aver

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: haver, heure

Old Occitan: aver, haver

Occitan: aver

Gascon: àuger, er

Provençal: aguer

Vivaro-Alpine: aguer

Forms perhaps influenced by deriv's of vidēre:

Gascon: aveir, avéser, avéder, eir

Languedocien: aveire, avedre

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: aber

Old Leonese: aver

Asturian: haber

Extremaduran: avel, bel

Leonese: habere

Mirandese: haber

Old Galician-Portuguese: aver, haver (latinized form)
Galician: haber
Portuguese: haver

Old Spanish: aver
Ladino:
Hebrew: אביר
Latin: aver
Spanish: haber

Insular Romance:

Old Sardinian: avere

Campidanese: ai, airi

Logudorese: àere

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ-
Proto-Italic *haβēō
Latin habeo
From Proto-Italic *habēō or *haβēō; the latter from earlier *haβējō may be from *gʰeh₁bʰ-éh₁-ye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, to take”). Compare Old Irish gaibid (“takes, holds”), Polish gabać (“to accost, sue”).
English have is not a cognate, despite similarity in meaning and form; it is instead cognate with capiō (“to take”) through Proto-Indo-European.
Oscan and Umbrian have cognate forms with -b-, which must reflect an original -b-, because Proto-Italic -β- (and therefore PIE -bʰ-) becomes -f-, not -b-, in those languages. On the other hand, b is a seldom-attested phoneme in PIE, whose status is still disputed. Thus, the exact origin of this word is not clear.
Among the oldest attestations are the works of Plautus (circa 254 to 184 BC) and the Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus (186 BC). Umbrian cognate hab- attested in the Iguvine Tablets (oldest tablets 3rd century BC). Oscan cognate haf- attested in the Tabula Bantina (89 BC).
When used as a future in Late Latin and subsequently Romance, the pronunciation evolved into /ˈaβjo/ > /ˈajo/.

der

[…]hoc quasi stagnum pernavigemus nam satis habeo deliberatum, sicut adhibendam in consciptione diligentiam[…]

430-489, Caius Sollius Modestus Apollinaris Sidonius, Epistolae Liber Octavus, Epistola I, page 278:

Nec in publico vestimenta lavare, nec berbices tondere habeant licitum

They haven't allowed clothes to be washed in public, neither to shave sheep

Illud sacramentum quod juratum habeo

(Late Latin, Medieval Latin, auxiliary verb for perfect tense) to have

Feri eum adhuc, nam si non feriveris, ego te ferire habeo

Hit him again, for if you don't, I shall hit you

Currens affer illum ad me, ego enim eum habeo baptizare

Bring him to me quickly, I will baptize him

Ipse enim, quia ægrotat, habeo eum visitare

(Late Latin, Medieval Latin, present with infinitive) to want; will, shall, should

Sanare te habebat Deus per indulgentiam, si fatereris.

354 CE – 430 CE, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, Sermones CCLIII.253

(Late Latin, Medieval Latin, past imperfect with infinitive) would

A patria Cathaloniæ se absentare habuerunt, et in fugam se constituerunt, ne justitia de ipsis fieret

They had to leave from the land of Cathalonia, and decided to escape, so that justice would not be made of them

(Late Latin, Medieval Latin) to have to; to be compelled


incontra

Italian: incontra, incontro

[ɪŋˈkɔn̪t̪räː]

From in + contrā (“against”, “opposite to”).


politia

la-noun

polītīa f (genitive polītīae); first declension

polītīa (canonical feminine)
polītīae (genitive)
polītīa (nominative singular)
polītīae (nominative plural)
polītīae (genitive singular)
polītīārum (genitive plural)
polītīae (dative singular)
polītīīs (dative plural)
polītīam (accusative singular)
polītīās (accusative plural)
polītīā (ablative singular)
polītīīs (ablative plural)
polītīa (singular vocative)
polītīae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: policia

→ Middle French: policie, politie

→ English: policy, polity

→ Middle Dutch: policie

Dutch: politie

→ Middle Low German: politīe

→ Danish: politi

→ Middle High German: policei

desctree

German: Polizei
→ Czech: policie
→ Pannonian Rusyn: полицай (policaj)
→ Romanian: polițai
→ Ukrainian: поліца́й (policáj)

French: police

→ English: police

→ Romanian: poliție

→ Swedish: polis

→ Galician: policía

→ Italian: polizia

→ Occitan: polícia

→ Portuguese: polícia

→ Tetum: polísia

desc

→ Sicilian: pulizzìa, polizzìa, polizzia, pulizzia

→ Spanish: policía

[pɔlʲiːˈt̪iːä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πολῑτείᾱ (polīteíā, “citizenship; government; civil polity”).

bor

Genus humanum solum imperante Monarcha, sui, et non alterius gratia, est: tunc enim solum Politiae diriguntur obliquae, democratiae scilicet, oligarchiae atque tyrannides, quae in servitute cogunt genus humanum.

1313, Dante Alighieri, “Liber I [Book 1]”, in De monarchia [About monarchy]:

Only when the monarch rules, mankind exists for his own sake, and not of others: for only then are the twisted governments rightened, namely democracies, oligarchies and tyrannies, which force mankind into slavery.

(Late Latin) state, government, administration