plana

plāna f (genitive plānae); first declension

plāna (canonical feminine)
plānae (genitive)
plāna (nominative singular)
plānae (nominative plural)
plānae (genitive singular)
plānārum (genitive plural)
plānae (dative singular)
plānīs (dative plural)
plānam (accusative singular)
plānās (accusative plural)
plānā (ablative singular)
plānīs (ablative plural)
plāna (singular vocative)
plānae (plural vocative)

plāna

Bresciano: piona

Catalan: plana

Comasco: piana, piona

Old French: plaine

→ Middle English: plaine, plaine

English: plane

→ Irish: plána

Friulian: plana

Istriot: spiana

Ladin: plana

Lombard: piana

Neapolitan: chiana

Sardinian: prana

Piedmontese: piana

Portuguese: plaina

Old Occitan: plana

Sicilian: chiana

Spanish: llana, plana

Trentino: piona

Venetan: piana

Veronese: piona

→ Greek: πλάνη (pláni)

*plānea

Northern Italian: piagna

→ Greek: πλάνια (plánia)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پلانیه (planya)

Turkish: planya

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бла̏ња

Latin script: blȁnja

Italian: pialla

Habet desuper solarium curticulam similiter tunimo interclusam, pomerium contiguum, diversi generis arborum pemorosum; infra vivarium cum piscibus I. hortum bene compositum I. vestimenta ad lectum parandum I. drappos ad discum parandum I. toaclam I. Utensilia, concas aereas II. pocularem I. baccinum I. caldaria aerea II. ferrum I. sartaginem I. cramalium I. andedam I. terebros II. scalprum I. asciam I. runcinam I. planam I. falces II. falciolas III. fussoria II. palas ferro paratas II. Utensilia lignea sufficienter.

c. 800, “Caroli Magni Breviarium rerum fiscalinum”, in Julius Ludwig Ideler, editor, Leben und Wandel Karls des Großen. Einleitung, Urschrift, Erläuterung, Urkundensammlung, in zwei Bänden, volume 2, published 1839, page 239 l. 6:

(Late Latin, Medieval Latin) smoothing plane


stela

la-noun

stēla f (genitive stēlae); first declension

stēla (canonical feminine)
stēlae (genitive)
stēla (nominative singular)
stēlae (nominative plural)
stēlae (genitive singular)
stēlārum (genitive plural)
stēlae (dative singular)
stēlīs (dative plural)
stēlam (accusative singular)
stēlās (accusative plural)
stēlā (ablative singular)
stēlīs (ablative plural)
stēla (singular vocative)
stēlae (plural vocative)

* see: stēlla

Derived from simplification of the geminate ll due to the preceding long vowel. Attested in the Anonymous Valesianus II.


notorius

la-adj

nōtōrius (feminine nōtōria, neuter nōtōrium); first/second-declension adjective

nōtōrius (canonical)
nōtōria (feminine)
nōtōrium (neuter)
nōtōrius (masculine nominative singular)
nōtōria (feminine nominative singular)
nōtōrium (neuter nominative singular)
nōtōriī (masculine nominative singular)
nōtōriae (feminine nominative plural)
nōtōria (neuter nominative plural)
nōtōriī (genitive masculine singular)
nōtōriae (feminine genitive singular)
nōtōriī (genitive neuter singular)
nōtōriōrum (genitive masculine singular)
nōtōriārum (feminine genitive plural)
nōtōriōrum (genitive neuter plural)
nōtōriō (dative masculine singular)
nōtōriae (dative feminine singular)
nōtōriō (dative neuter singular)
nōtōriīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
nōtōrium (accusative masculine singular)
nōtōriam (accusative feminine singular)
nōtōrium (accusative neuter singular)
nōtōriōs (accusative masculine singular)
nōtōriās (accusative feminine plural)
nōtōria (accusative neuter plural)
nōtōriō (ablative masculine singular)
nōtōriā (ablative feminine singular)
nōtōriō (ablative neuter singular)
nōtōriīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
nōtōrie (masculine singular vocative)
nōtōria (feminine singular vocative)
nōtōrium (neuter singular vocative)
nōtōriī (masculine singular vocative)
nōtōriae (feminine plural vocative)
nōtōria (neuter plural vocative)

→ English: notorious

→ Italian: notorio

→ Old French: notoire

→ Middle English: notoire

English: notoire

Middle French: notoire

French: notoire

→ Piedmontese: notòri

→ Portuguese: notório

→ Romanian: notoriu

→ Spanish: notorio

From nōtus (“known, recognized; familiar, widely known; famous, well-known; infamous”) + -tōrius (suffix forming adjectives).

(Late Latin) pointing out, making known, causing to be known


lacertus

la-noun

lacertus m (genitive lacertī); second declension

lacertī (genitive)
lacertus (nominative singular)
lacertī (nominative plural)
lacertī (genitive singular)
lacertōrum (genitive plural)
lacertō (dative singular)
lacertīs (dative plural)
lacertum (accusative singular)
lacertōs (accusative plural)
lacertō (ablative singular)
lacertīs (ablative plural)
lacerte (singular vocative)
lacertī (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Possibly from lacerta (“lizard”), as musculus derived from a supposed resemblance to little mice; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *Hlak-, *lēk- (“leg, q.v.”)

[ɫ̪äˈkɛrt̪ʊs̠]


fusta

fūsta f (genitive fūstae); first declension

fūsta (canonical feminine)
fūstae (genitive)
fūsta (nominative singular)
fūstae (nominative plural)
fūstae (genitive singular)
fūstārum (genitive plural)
fūstae (dative singular)
fūstīs (dative plural)
fūstam (accusative singular)
fūstās (accusative plural)
fūstā (ablative singular)
fūstīs (ablative plural)
fūsta (singular vocative)
fūstae (plural vocative)

Catalan: fusta

Occitan: fusta

Portuguese: fusta

→ English: fust

Spanish: fusta

Medieval Latin; from fustis (“cudgel, staff”).


soca

sōca m (genitive sōcae); first declension

sōca (canonical masculine)
sōcae (genitive)
sōca (nominative singular)
sōcae (nominative plural)
sōcae (genitive singular)
sōcārum (genitive plural)
sōcae (dative singular)
sōcīs (dative plural)
sōcam (accusative singular)
sōcās (accusative plural)
sōcā (ablative singular)
sōcīs (ablative plural)
sōca (singular vocative)
sōcae (plural vocative)

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: soga

Old French: soue

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: soga

Galician: soga

Spanish: soga

Italo-Romance:

Italian: soga

Venetan: sóga

Borrowed from Gaulish *soucā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sew- (“to bend, to cut, to drive”).


tenda

Aromanian: tendã

Asturian: tienda

Catalan: tenda

>? French: tente (or from *tenta)

Friulian: tinde

Galician: tenda

Italian: tenda

Leonese: tienda

Occitan: tenda

Portuguese: tenda

Romanian: tindă

Spanish: tienda

From contraction of a Vulgar Latin *tendita, feminine of *tenditus, as a variant form of tentus, possibly as a substantivation of [tela] tenta (“stretched cloth”).

(Late Latin, Early Medieval Latin) area covered by cloth or awning, such as a tent


diarrhoea

la-noun

diarrhoea f (genitive diarrhoeae); first declension

diarrhoeae (genitive)
diarrhoea (nominative singular)
diarrhoeae (nominative plural)
diarrhoeae (genitive singular)
diarrhoeārum (genitive plural)
diarrhoeae (dative singular)
diarrhoeīs (dative plural)
diarrhoeam (accusative singular)
diarrhoeās (accusative plural)
diarrhoeā (ablative singular)
diarrhoeīs (ablative plural)
diarrhoea (singular vocative)
diarrhoeae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: diarrea

→ Galician: diarrea

→ Italian: diarrea

desctree

→ Middle French: diarrie
English: diarrhoea, diarrhoea (British), diarrhœa (archaic)
→ Australian Kriol: daiyariya
→ Hiri Motu: dairia
→ Tok Pisin: dairia
French: diarrhée, diarrhœe (obsolete)
→ Dutch: diarree
→ Norwegian Bokmål: diaré
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: diaré
→ Romanian: diaree
→ Swedish: diarré

→ Occitan: diarrèia

→ Piedmontese: diareia, diarena

→ Portuguese: diarreia

→ Romansch: diarrea

→ Spanish: diarrea

[d̪iärˈrɛːä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek διάρροια (diárrhoia).


nitidus

la-adj

nitidus (feminine nitida, neuter nitidum, comparative nitidior, superlative nitidissimus); first/second-declension adjective

nitida (feminine)
nitidum (neuter)
nitidior (comparative)
nitidissimus (superlative)
nitidus (masculine nominative singular)
nitida (feminine nominative singular)
nitidum (neuter nominative singular)
nitidī (masculine nominative singular)
nitidae (feminine nominative plural)
nitida (neuter nominative plural)
nitidī (genitive masculine singular)
nitidae (feminine genitive singular)
nitidī (genitive neuter singular)
nitidōrum (genitive masculine singular)
nitidārum (feminine genitive plural)
nitidōrum (genitive neuter plural)
nitidō (dative masculine singular)
nitidae (dative feminine singular)
nitidō (dative neuter singular)
nitidīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
nitidum (accusative masculine singular)
nitidam (accusative feminine singular)
nitidum (accusative neuter singular)
nitidōs (accusative masculine singular)
nitidās (accusative feminine plural)
nitida (accusative neuter plural)
nitidō (ablative masculine singular)
nitidā (ablative feminine singular)
nitidō (ablative neuter singular)
nitidīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
nitide (masculine singular vocative)
nitida (feminine singular vocative)
nitidum (neuter singular vocative)
nitidī (masculine singular vocative)
nitidae (feminine plural vocative)
nitida (neuter plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: neted (“smooth, clear”)

North Italian:

Ladin: nët, nëidi

Lombard: nédi

Romansch: neidi, naidi

Occitano-Romance:

Old Occitan: nede ⇒ nedas

Old Catalan: nèdeu (“clean”)

Catalan: nèdeu~nèdio~nèdol~nedo (“pasturage”)

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: nidiu, ñidiu

Leonese: nidio (Salamanca)

Old Galician-Portuguese: nedio

Galician: nidio

Portuguese: nédio

Old Spanish: nidio

Vulgar Latin:

q

*nittus (via syncope; see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: nítid

→ English: nitid

→ French: nitide

→ Italian: nitido

→ Portuguese: nítido

→ Sicilian: nìtitu

→ Spanish: nítido

[ˈnɪt̪ɪd̪ʊs̠]

From niteō (“to shine”) + -idus. The extended sense of 'pure, clean' (first attested in Marcellus Empiricus, ca. 400 CE) survives in the Gallo- and Italo-Romance descendants of the word.


brevis

la-noun

brevis m (genitive brevis); third declension

brevis (genitive)
brevis (nominative singular)
brevēs (nominative plural)
brevis (genitive singular)
brevium (genitive plural)
brevī (dative singular)
brevibus (dative plural)
brevem (accusative singular)
brevēs (accusative plural)
brevīs (accusative plural)
breve (ablative singular)
brevibus (ablative plural)
brevis (singular vocative)
brevēs (plural vocative)


sella

sella f (genitive sellae); first declension

sellae (genitive)
sella (nominative singular)
sellae (nominative plural)
sellae (genitive singular)
sellārum (genitive plural)
sellae (dative singular)
sellīs (dative plural)
sellam (accusative singular)
sellās (accusative plural)
sellā (ablative singular)
sellīs (ablative plural)
sella (singular vocative)
sellae (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: shalë

Aromanian: shauã

Asturian: siella, siya

Catalan: sella

Dalmatian: siala

English: sella

French: selle

Friulian: siele

Galician: sela

→ Hebrew: אסלה (asla)

Italian: sella

Occitan: sèla

Portuguese: sela

Romanian: șa, șale

Romansch: sella, siala, seala, sela

Sardinian: sedha, sedda

Sicilian: seḍḍa

desctree

Spanish: silla
→ Cebuano: síya
→ Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: siya
→ Galician: silla
→ Hiligaynon: siya
→ Ladino: siya
→ Portuguese: silha
→ Southeastern Tepehuan: xiir
→ Tagalog: silya, siya
→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: siya

Venetan: sela, seła

From Proto-Italic *sedlā, from Proto-Indo-European *sed-, whence sedeō (“I sit”). The same formation as Proto-Germanic *sadulaz, Proto-Slavic *sedъlo.


solen

la-noun

sōlēn m (genitive sōlēnis); third declension

sōlēn (canonical masculine)
sōlēnis (genitive)
sōlēn (nominative singular)
sōlēnēs (nominative plural)
sōlēnis (genitive singular)
sōlēnum (genitive plural)
sōlēnī (dative singular)
sōlēnibus (dative plural)
sōlēnem (accusative singular)
sōlēnēs (accusative plural)
sōlēne (ablative singular)
sōlēnibus (ablative plural)
sōlēn (singular vocative)
sōlēnēs (plural vocative)

[ˈs̠oːɫ̪eːn]


cappa

cappa f (genitive cappae); first declension

cappae (genitive)
cappa (nominative singular)
cappae (nominative plural)
cappae (genitive singular)
cappārum (genitive plural)
cappae (dative singular)
cappīs (dative plural)
cappam (accusative singular)
cappās (accusative plural)
cappā (ablative singular)
cappīs (ablative plural)
cappa (singular vocative)
cappae (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: cappa
→ Aromanian: capã

Sicilian: cappa

North Italian:

Friulian: cape

Venetan: capa

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: capa

Old French: chape (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: capa

Occitan: capa

→ French: cape (see there for further descendants)

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: capa

Galician: capa

Portuguese: capa

Old Spanish: capa

Spanish: capa
→ English: capa

→ English: cappa (learned)

desctree

→ Middle English: cope, cape, coope
English: cope
Scots: caip, cape, cap

→ Proto-West Germanic: *kappā (see there for further descendants)

→ Greek: κάπα (kápa)

→ Old Norse: kápa

Danish: kåbe

Icelandic: kápa

Norwegian: kåpe

Swedish: kåpa

→ Polish: kapa

→ Serbo-Croatian: kapa

→ Lower Sorbian: kapa

Of disputed origin; the leading theory is that it is perhaps a shortened form of capitulāre, from caput (“head”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *káput-.

(Late Latin) cape, cloak, sleeveless coat


tabla

la-noun

tabla f (genitive tablae); first declension

tablae (genitive)
tabula (nominative singular)
tabulae (nominative plural)
tabulae (genitive singular)
tabulārum (genitive plural)
tabulae (dative singular)
tabulīs (dative plural)
tabulam (accusative singular)
tabulās (accusative plural)
tabulā (ablative singular)
tabulīs (ablative plural)
tabula (singular vocative)
tabulae (plural vocative)

Asturian: tabla

→ Basque: taula

→ Bulgarian: та́бла (tábla)

Catalan: taula

→ Danish: tavle

→ Dutch: tabel, tablet, tafel

→ English: table

French: table

Friulian: taule

Galician: táboa

→ German: Tafel

→ Hebrew: טבלה (tavla)

→ Hunsrik: Daafel

Occitan: taula

Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: tavle

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: tavle

→ Old Norse: tafl

Portuguese: tala, tábua

Romanian: tablă

desc

→ Russian: та́бель (tábelʹ), табли́ца (tablíca)

Sardinian: taba

→ Serbo-Croatian: табла / tabla, тавла / tavla

Sicilian: tàula

Spanish: tabla

→ Swedish: tavla

→ Turkish: tablo, tavla

Venetan: toła, tola, tòla

tabula non tabla

[3rd–4th century, Appendix Probi, line 130:


cava

la-noun

cava f (genitive cavae); first declension

cavae (genitive)
cava (nominative singular)
cavae (nominative plural)
cavae (genitive singular)
cavārum (genitive plural)
cavae (dative singular)
cavīs (dative plural)
cavam (accusative singular)
cavās (accusative plural)
cavā (ablative singular)
cavīs (ablative plural)
cava (singular vocative)
cavae (plural vocative)

Asturian: cueva

Catalan: cava, cova

→ Old French: cave

→ English: cave

French: cave

→ Portuguese: cave

Old Galician-Portuguese: cova

Galician: cova

Portuguese: cova

Sicilian: cava

Spanish: cueva

desctree

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *cavula
Aromanian: gavrã
Megleno-Romanian: gaură
Romanian: gaură

Nominalization of cavus, likely by reinterpretation of the plural of the neuter noun cavum as a feminine singular form.

(Late Latin) a hollow, hole, cave, pit, cavern


ava

avae (genitive)
ava (nominative singular)
avae (nominative plural)
avae (genitive singular)
avārum (genitive plural)
avae (dative singular)
avīs (dative plural)
avam (accusative singular)
avās (accusative plural)
avā (ablative singular)
avīs (ablative plural)
ava (singular vocative)
avae (plural vocative)

Friulian: ave

Italian: ava

Sardinian: aba

Feminine counterpart to avus (“grandfather”) formed with *-éh₂, compare Gothic 𐌰𐍅𐍉 (awō, “grandmother”), although conceivably a secondary formation. Compare avia.


baro

la-noun

barō m (genitive barōnis); third declension

barō (canonical masculine)
barōnis (genitive)
barō (nominative singular)
barōnēs (nominative plural)
barōnis (genitive singular)
barōnum (genitive plural)
barōnī (dative singular)
barōnibus (dative plural)
barōnem (accusative singular)
barōnēs (accusative plural)
barōne (ablative singular)
barōnibus (ablative plural)
barō (singular vocative)
barōnēs (plural vocative)

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: baró

Occitan: baron

Old French: baron (see there for further descendants)

Ibero-Romance:

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: baron, varon
Galician: varón
Portuguese: varão

Old Spanish: baron, varon
Spanish: varón, barón

Borrowings:

→ Hungarian: báró (directly?)

From Proto-West Germanic *barō, although a Celtic origin has also been proposed. See baron for more. Possibly attested as early as AD 97–105.

mercennarii sunt qui serviunt accepta mercede idem et barones graeco nomine quod sint fortes in laboribus βαρύς enim dicitur gravis quod est fortis cui contrarius est levis id est infirmus

AD 600–625, Isidore's Etymologiae 9.4.31

Mercenaries are those who serve for money. They are also known by the Greek name barones since they are powerful in their exertions. After all, βαρύς means 'heavy' i.e. 'strong', the opposite of which is 'light' i.e. 'weak'.

lingua gallorum barones vel varones dicuntur servi militum

Probably 4th–9th c. AD, Commentum Cornuti 5.138

In the parlance of the Gauls, the servants of soldiers are called barones or varones.

(Late Latin, Early Medieval Latin) soldier's servant


fossa

la-noun

fossa f (genitive fossae); first declension

fossae (genitive)
fossa (nominative singular)
fossae (nominative plural)
fossae (genitive singular)
fossārum (genitive plural)
fossae (dative singular)
fossīs (dative plural)
fossam (accusative singular)
fossās (accusative plural)
fossā (ablative singular)
fossīs (ablative plural)
fossa (singular vocative)
fossae (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: fushë

Asturian: fuexa, → fosa

→ Byzantine Greek: φόσσα (phóssa)

desc

ܦܲܐܣܵܐ (passā)

→ Classical Syriac: ܦܲܣܵܐ, ܦܲܐܣܵܐ (passā)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: փոս (pʻos)
Armenian: փոս (pʻos)
→ Georgian: ფოსო (poso)

→ Catalan: fossa

→ English: fossa, fosse

→ French: fosse, fossé

Friulian: fuesse

Galician: focha, → fosa

Italian: fossa, fosso

→ Occitan: fòssa

→ Portuguese: fossa

Romanian: foasă, → fosă

→ Romansch: fossa

→ Sicilian: fossa, fossu

Spanish: huesa, → fosa

Venetan: fosa

→ Proto-Brythonic: *fos

Cornish: fos

Welsh: ffos

Ellipsis of fossa terra (“dug-up earth”).


caldarium

la-noun

caldārium n (genitive caldāriī or caldārī); second declension

caldārium (canonical neuter)
caldāriī (genitive)
caldārī (genitive)
caldārium (nominative singular)
caldāria (nominative plural)
caldāriī (genitive singular)
caldārī (genitive singular)
caldāriōrum (genitive plural)
caldāriō (dative singular)
caldāriīs (dative plural)
caldārium (accusative singular)
caldāria (accusative plural)
caldāriō (ablative singular)
caldāriīs (ablative plural)
caldārium (singular vocative)
caldāria (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: kaldar

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: καλδάριον (kaldárion), καρδάριν (kardárin)

Greek: καρδάρι (kardári)

⇒ Greek: καρδάρα (kardára)

→ Bulgarian: ка́рда (kárda), га́рда (gárda)

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: كردل (gerdel), كردر (gerder), كردهل (gerdel)
Turkish: gerdel
→ Arabic: جَرْدَل (jardal)
→ Armenian: կէռտէլ (kēṙtēl)
→ Greek: γκερδέλι (gkerdéli), γερδέλι (gerdéli)

→ English: caldarium

→ French: caldarium

→ Italian: calidario

Megleno-Romanian: căldar

[käɫ̪ˈd̪äːriʊ̃ˑ]

From caldus (“warm in temperature”, alternative form of calidus) + -ārium (improperly for an adjective), via *caldārius.

affix

alternative form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">calidus</i>


Pentecoste

la-proper noun

Pentēcostē f sg (genitive Pentēcostēs); first declension

Pentēcostē (canonical feminine singular)
Pentēcostēs (genitive)
Pentēcostē (nominative singular)
Pentēcostēs (genitive singular)
Pentēcostae (dative singular)
Pentēcostēn (accusative singular)
Pentēcostē (ablative singular)
Pentēcostē (singular vocative)

→ Catalan: Pentecosta

→ French: Pentecôte
→ Turkish: pankot

→ Galician: Pentecoste

→ Hungarian: pünkösd

desctree

→ Italian: Pentecoste
→ Cimbrian: Pentekòste

→ Middle Dutch: pinxter, pinxteren

Dutch: Pinksteren, Pinkster
Negerhollands: pinstu
→ Lokono: Pinkstdaka
→ English: Pinkster
→ Papiamentu: pinkster (dated)

→ Middle High German: phingesten

Cimbrian: finchésten

German: Pfingsten

Hunsrik: Pingste

Luxembourgish: Päischten

→ Middle Low German: pinxten

→ Danish: pinse

→ Norwegian: pinse, pins

→ Swedish: pingst

→ Norman: Pentecôte

→ Occitan: Pentacosta

→ Old English: Pentecosten

Middle English: Pentecoste

English: Pentecost
→ Japanese: ペンテコステ (Pentekosuto)
→ Maori: Petekoha

Scots: Penthicost

→ Old Saxon: pinkost

→ Portuguese: Pentecoste, Pentecostes
→ Indonesian: pentakosta
→ Malayalam: പെന്തക്കൊസ്താ (pentakkostā) (see alt forms there)

→ Scottish Gaelic: Caingis

→ Spanish: Pentecostés, pentecostés
→ Tagalog: Pentekostes

→ West Frisian: Pinkster

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πεντηκοστή (pentēkostḗ).

(Christianity, Late Latin) Pentecost (Christian festival)


Edom

→ English: Edom

Via Koine Greek Ἐδώμ (Edṓm) from Biblical Hebrew אֱדוֹם (ʾĔḏōm).

Hae sunt autem generationes Esau, ipse est Edom

And these are the generations of Esau, the same is Edom

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Edom; a sobriquet of Esau in the Hebrew Bible


virga

la-noun

virga f (genitive virgae); first declension

virgae (genitive)
virga (nominative singular)
virgae (nominative plural)
virgae (genitive singular)
virgārum (genitive plural)
virgae (dative singular)
virgīs (dative plural)
virgam (accusative singular)
virgās (accusative plural)
virgā (ablative singular)
virgīs (ablative plural)
virga (singular vocative)
virgae (plural vocative)

Ancient Greek: βέργαι (bérgai)

Aromanian: veargã

Asturian: verga

Catalan: verga

English: virga

Galician: verga

Greek: βέργα (vérga)

Hungarian: virgács

Istriot: virga

Italian: verga

Megleno-Romanian: veargă

Norman: vèrgue

→ French: vergue

Occitan: vèrga

Old French: verge

→ English: verge

French: verge

Piedmontese: verga, vërga

Portuguese: verga, virga

Romanian: vargă

Sicilian: vìriga, vìrija

Spanish: verga

From Proto-Italic *wizgā, probably from Proto-Indo-European *wisgeh₂ (“flexible rod or stick”); possibly cognate with Proto-Germanic *wiskaz (“bundle of hay or straw, wisp”). The Proto-Indo-European term is sometimes taken as an extension of Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“to produce, procreate”), or alternatively from a stem *weyḱs- (see *weyḱ-). Regardless, it is probably related to viscum.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*weyḱ-</i>)

sunt etiam singularia in medio constituta ne in unam partem praeiudicialiter vergentia alteram competenti decore nudarent: nasus, os, guttur, pectus, umbilicus, et genitalium virga descendens, quae laudabilia et honora monstrantur quando in medio locata consistunt.

These [body parts] are one by one placed in the middle, because if they converged to the same place, one would deprive the honour of another part. The nose, mouth, throat, chest, navel, and the rod of the genitals show their merit and excellence by being placed in the middle.

(figuratively, Late Latin, Medieval Latin) penis


rotella

la-noun

rotella f (genitive rotellae); first declension

rotellae (genitive)
rotella (nominative singular)
rotellae (nominative plural)
rotellae (genitive singular)
rotellārum (genitive plural)
rotellae (dative singular)
rotellīs (dative plural)
rotellam (accusative singular)
rotellās (accusative plural)
rotellā (ablative singular)
rotellīs (ablative plural)
rotella (singular vocative)
rotellae (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: rotella

Sicilian: rutedda

Padanian:

Friulian: rudiele

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: rodela

Lombard: rodela

Piedmontese: roela

Venetan: ruèła, rodèła

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old French: rodele, roele

French: rouelle

→ English: rowel

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: rodella

Aragonese: arrodèra

Occitan: rodèla

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: rodilla, rodiella

Old Galician-Portuguese: rodela

Galician: rodela

Portuguese: rodela

Old Spanish: rodiella

Spanish: rodilla

[rɔˈt̪ɛlːʲä]

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *rotā
Latin rota
Latin -ellus
Latin rotella
From rota (“wheel”) + -ellus (diminutive suffix) or rotula + -lus.


melo

la-noun

mēlō m (genitive mēlōnis); third declension

mēlō (canonical masculine)
mēlōnis (genitive)
mēlō (nominative singular)
mēlōnēs (nominative plural)
mēlōnis (genitive singular)
mēlōnum (genitive plural)
mēlōnī (dative singular)
mēlōnibus (dative plural)
mēlōnem (accusative singular)
mēlōnēs (accusative plural)
mēlōne (ablative singular)
mēlōnibus (ablative plural)
mēlō (singular vocative)
mēlōnēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: melón

Catalan: meló

desctree

Old French: melon
→ Middle Dutch: melone
Afrikaans: meloen
Dutch: meloen
→ Middle English: mē̆loun, melon, milon
→ English: melon, mellon
→ Japanese: メロン
→ Korean: 멜론 (mellon)
→ Welsh: melon
French: melon

Norman: m'lon

Galician: melón

Italian: melone, mellone (dialectal)
→ German: Melone
→ Hunsrik: Mëlon

Occitan: melon

Piedmontese: mëlon, mlon

Portuguese: melão

Romagnol: mlon, mlôn, mlōn

Sicilian: miluni

Spanish: melón

Attested since about late 4th century CE, since Palladius and the author(s) of Historia Augusta. Shortening of mēlopepō (q.v.), from Ancient Greek μηλοπέπων (mēlopépōn, “melon”).

der

Nunc melones serendi rarius: distent inter se semina pedibus duobus, locis subactis, vel pastinatis, maxime arenis.

c. 500 CE, Palladius, Opus agriculturae 4.9.5

Now melons are to be sown more rarely: let the seeds be two feet distant, in places well wrought and pastinated, especially in sandy soils.


porro

Old Occitan: por

Uncertain; the traditional view (supported by ancient grammarians) connects it with the Ancient Greek πόρρω (pórrhō), similar in form and meaning. However, the old form of this Greek word, πρόσω (prósō), would not easily align with the derivation of the Latin word. Moreover, adverbs are not usually borrowed from other languages. In all probability related to Proto-Indo-European *pro-.
De Vaan clarifies the archaic Praenestinian Latino-Faliscan POROD is not an ablative, and mentions a very tentative derivation, by Nussbaum, of Proto-Indo-European *pro- + an adverbial -s + the suffix -ō observed in Latin intrō, ultrō, contrōversia, effectively *prs-ō > *porsō > porrō.

Horrēscit vīsū subitō causāsque requīrit
īnscius Aenēās, quae sint ea flūmina porrō,

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 6.710–712

Aeneas is scared at the sudden sight and asks,
ignorant, for the causes: which might those yonder rivers be,
and which men might fill the banks with such a multitude?

quīve virī tantō complērint agmine rīpās?

(static; Old Latin, Late Latin, poetic) away, yonder

Prōdigī enim dīcuntur propriē, quī bona sua ā sē dispergunt, quasi porrō ea ab sē agentēs.

2nd–3rd C. C.E., Pomponius Porphyrio, Scholia on Horace, Odes 1.12.37; published in Alfred Holder, editor, Scholia antiqva in Q. Horativm Flaccvm, volume I, Arno Press, 1984, page 20:

Prodigals are called those who scatter their wealth, as if “directing it away from themselves”.

(of motion; Old Latin, Late Latin; rare outside of etymological glosses) outwards, away, outside

Quī locus ad quod lectus fuerit, tantus rugītus et mūgītus totīus populī est cum flētū, ut forsitan porrō ad cīvitātem gemitus populī omnis audītus sit.

p.''' 384 CE, Egeria, Itinerarium Egeriae 36.3

Which place, when it had been read up to it, there’s such a roar and bellow of the people with crying, that the groan of the entire crowd was perhaps heard all the way to the city.

(Late Latin; only in the work cited) Synonym of ūsque

Altera quod porrō fuerat cecinisse putātur,

One is thought to have sung what was in the past,
the other whatever was going to come.

5th C. CE, Anianus of Celeda (translator), Homilies on Matthew 2.2, original author: John Chrysostom, in Patrologia Graeca (volume 58), Jacques-Paul Migne (editor), 1862, page 990

For this [the First Coming] was so wonderful, and unheard to anyone before, that even angels, gathered in a choir by grace of these facts, sung in the name of the whole world for the glory, and raised up an auspicious acclamation; and prophets back then foretold with wonder: Afterwards he was seen upon earth, and conversed with men. (Baruch 3:38)

Ūsque adeō enim istud mīrābile erat, et nūllī ante prōrsus audītum, ut etiam angelī in chorum eārum rērum grātiā collēctī, tōtīus orbis nōmine propter ista glōriam concinerent, faustamque attollerent acclāmātiōnem; et prophetae porrō ante cum admīrātiōne praedīcerent: Quoniam super terram vīsus est, et cum hominibus conversātus est.

(very rare, chiefly Late Latin, often with another adverb) (back) then, in the past


rito

la-verb

rītō (present infinitive rītāre, perfect active rītāvī, supine rītātum); first conjugation

rītō (canonical)
rītāre (infinitive present)
rītāvī (active perfect)
rītātum (supine)
rītō (active first-person indicative present singular)
rītās (active indicative present second-person singular)
rītat (active indicative present singular third-person)
rītāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
rītātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
rītant (active indicative plural present third-person)
rītābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
rītābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
rītābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
rītābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
rītābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
rītābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
rītābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
rītābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
rītābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
rītābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
rītābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
rītābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
rītāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
rītāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
rītāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
rītāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
rītāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
rītāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
rītāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
rītāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
rītāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
rītāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
rītāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
rītāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
rītāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
rītāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
rītāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
rītāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
rītāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
rītāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
rītāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
rītor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
rītāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
rītāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
rītātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
rītāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
rītāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
rītantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
rītābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
rītābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
rītābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
rītābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
rītābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
rītābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
rītābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
rītābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
rītābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
rītāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
rītābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
rītābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
rītābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
rītābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
rītem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
rītēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
rītet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
rītēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
rītētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
rītent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
rītārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
rītārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rītāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rītārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
rītārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rītārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rītāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
rītāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rītāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rītāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
rītāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rītāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rītāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
rītāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rītāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rītāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
rītāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rītāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rīter (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
rītēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
rītēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
rītētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
rītēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
rītēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
rītentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
rītārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
rītārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rītārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rītārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rītārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
rītārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rītārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rītā (active imperative present second-person singular)
rītāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
rītātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
rītātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
rītātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
rītantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
rītāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
rītāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
rītātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
rītātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
rītantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
rītāre (active infinitive present)
rītārī (infinitive passive present)
rītāns (active participle present)
rītātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
rītātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
rītātūrus (active future participle)
rītandus (future participle passive)
rītāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
rītātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
rītātus (participle passive perfect)
rītātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
rītātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
rītandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
rītandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
rītandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
rītandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
rītātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
rītātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)


timo

la-noun

tīmō m (genitive tīmōnis); third declension

tīmō (canonical masculine)
tīmōnis (genitive)
tīmō (nominative singular)
tīmōnēs (nominative plural)
tīmōnis (genitive singular)
tīmōnum (genitive plural)
tīmōnī (dative singular)
tīmōnibus (dative plural)
tīmōnem (accusative singular)
tīmōnēs (accusative plural)
tīmōne (ablative singular)
tīmōnibus (ablative plural)
tīmō (singular vocative)
tīmōnēs (plural vocative)

Walther von Wartburg
w:Walther von Wartburg

Alternative form of tēmō (attested in Epiphanius and Gregory of Tours)


burra

burra f (genitive burrae); first declension

burrae (genitive)
burra (nominative singular)
burrae (nominative plural)
burrae (genitive singular)
burrārum (genitive plural)
burrae (dative singular)
burrīs (dative plural)
burram (accusative singular)
burrās (accusative plural)
burrā (ablative singular)
burrīs (ablative plural)
burra (singular vocative)
burrae (plural vocative)

Catalan: borra, ⇒ borró

Old French: boure, borre, *bure

French: bourre, bure

Galician: borra, burel

Italian: borra

Portuguese: borra, burel

Spanish: borra

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *burrio

Old French: bourjon

French: bourgeon

Middle English: burjon

English: burgeon

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *burrula

Catalan: borla

Galician: bolra

Italian: burla

Portuguese: borla

Spanish: borla

a shaggy garment
(Late Latin) (plural) trifles, nonsense

a shaggy garment
(plural) trifles, nonsense


Caleb

tlb

(Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin, biblical)

→ English: Caleb

French: Caleb

Spanish: Caleb

Italian: Caleb

From Koine Greek Χάλεβ (Kháleb), from Biblical Hebrew כָּלֵב (Kālēḇ), possibly related to כֶּלֶב (keleḇ, “dog”), referring to dogs’ unconditional devotion to their masters.


latro

la-noun

latrō m (genitive latrōnis); third declension

latrō (canonical masculine)
latrōnis (genitive)
latrō (nominative singular)
latrōnēs (nominative plural)
latrōnis (genitive singular)
latrōnum (genitive plural)
latrōnī (dative singular)
latrōnibus (dative plural)
latrōnem (accusative singular)
latrōnēs (accusative plural)
latrōne (ablative singular)
latrōnibus (ablative plural)
latrō (singular vocative)
latrōnēs (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

ladr

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: ladru, latru

Italian: ladro

Sicilian: latru

Neapolitan: latro

Padanian:

Emilian: lèder

Friulian: lari

Istriot: laro

Ladin: lère

Lombard: làdar, lader

Alpine: ladru (Leventina), lädar (Val Bregaglia)

Old Ligurian: lairo

Piedmontese: làder, lar

Romansch: lader, leder

Venetan: ladro, laro

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: lârro

Old French: lerre

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: ladre

Catalan: lladre

Occitan: laire

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: ladro

Portuguese: ladro (archaic)

Ancient borrowings:

→? Proto-Celtic: *latrū

Old Irish:

Middle Irish: latrann

Irish: ladrann

Proto-Brythonic: *llėdr

Breton: laer

Middle Cornish: lader

Middle Welsh: lleityr

Welsh: lleidr

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ladrone

Padanian:

Friulian: ladron

Piedmontese: ladron

Venetan: ladron

Northern Gallo-Romance:

desc

Old French: larron, lasrun, larrun, ladron, ladrun

French: larron (dated)

→ Old Italian: larrone

→ Sicilian: larruni (Chiaramonte)

Walloon: lâron

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: ladró

Catalan: lladró

Old Occitan: lairon

Occitan: lairon

→ Old Catalan: lairó

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: lladrón

Mirandese: lhadron

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: ladron
Fala: lairon (probably influenced by Extremaduran)
Galician: ladrón
Portuguese: ladrão (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: ladron

Ladino: ladrón

Spanish: ladrón (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: latruni, larruni

Learned borrowings:

→ English: latron

→ Romanian: latrone

Disputed. Often hypothesized as from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂t- (“to grant; to possess”) or *leh₁-t- (“to let, grant, provide”), when compared with Ancient Greek λάτρις (látris, “hired servant”) and Proto-Germanic *lēþą (“ownership, possession”). However, Beekes rejects an Indo-European etymology on phonetic grounds and instead posits Pre-Greek origin for the Greek; he believes Latin latrō is rather borrowed from unattested Ancient Greek *λάτρων (*látrōn).

cog

(plural only, Classical Latin, Late Latin) the game of latrunculi (somewhat similar to chess)


branca

la-noun

branca f (genitive brancae); first declension

brancae (genitive)
branca (nominative singular)
brancae (nominative plural)
brancae (genitive singular)
brancārum (genitive plural)
brancae (dative singular)
brancīs (dative plural)
brancam (accusative singular)
brancās (accusative plural)
brancā (ablative singular)
brancīs (ablative plural)
branca (singular vocative)
brancae (plural vocative)

Catalan: branca

English: branch

desctree

Old French: branche (“branch”)
Bourguignon: brainche
Champenois: brainche (Troyen), brainte (Rémois)
Franc-Comtois: braintche
French: branche
Lorrain: brainche
Norman: braunque (Continental Normandy), branque (Jèrriais), brànque (Guernésiais)
Picard: branke
Poitevin-Saintongeais: branche
→ Middle English: braunche

German: Pranke

Italian: branca

Occitan: branca

Romanian: brâncă (“hand”)

Spanish: branca

Perhaps of Celtic origin, from a hypothetical Gaulish *vranca, from Proto-Indo-European *wrónk-eh₂ (from which Proto-Balto-Slavic *ránkāˀ (“hand, arm”)). Possibly influenced by bracchium (“forearm; arm; limb of an animal (e.g. claw, tentacle); branch (of a tree)”).


pedes

la-noun

pedes m (genitive peditis); third declension

peditis (genitive)
pedes (nominative singular)
peditēs (nominative plural)
peditis (genitive singular)
peditum (genitive plural)
peditī (dative singular)
peditibus (dative plural)
peditem (accusative singular)
peditēs (accusative plural)
pedite (ablative singular)
peditibus (ablative plural)
pedes (singular vocative)
peditēs (plural vocative)

From pēs (“foot”) + -es (“-faring”), from eō (“I fare, go”). Compare āles, eques, caeles.


carpa

carpa f (genitive carpae); first declension

carpae (genitive)
carpa (nominative singular)
carpae (nominative plural)
carpae (genitive singular)
carpārum (genitive plural)
carpae (dative singular)
carpīs (dative plural)
carpam (accusative singular)
carpās (accusative plural)
carpā (ablative singular)
carpīs (ablative plural)
carpa (singular vocative)
carpae (plural vocative)

Italian: carpa

Portuguese: carpa

Spanish: carpa

Unattested in Late Latin, from an unattested Germanic source (possibly Gothic *𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍀𐌰 (*karpa)). Surmised only from Old French carpe, Italian carpa.
Suggestions as to the further origin of the supposed Gothic word are speculative. It has been compared with Sanskrit शफर (śaphara), Welsh carp, Lithuanian šapalas. However, the un-shifted Germanic k suggests that the word entered Indo-European languages through Germanic and is ultimately from a non-Indo-European substrate native to the Alpine region and Danube basin.


Aegidius

la-proper noun

Aegīdius m sg (genitive Aegīdiī or Aegīdī); second declension

Aegīdius (canonical masculine singular)
Aegīdiī (genitive)
Aegīdī (genitive)
Aegīdius (nominative singular)
Aegīdiī (genitive singular)
Aegīdī (genitive singular)
Aegīdiō (dative singular)
Aegīdium (accusative singular)
Aegīdiō (ablative singular)
Aegīdī (singular vocative)

French: Gilles

→ Dutch: Gilles

→ North Frisian: Jilles

→ English: Giles

→ Catalan: Gil

→ Galician: Xil

→ Portuguese: Gil

→ German: Gilgen

→ Czech: Jiljí

→ Italian: Egidio

→ Spanish: Egidio

→ Portuguese: Egídio

→ French: Égide

→ English: Aegidius

→ German: Ägidius

→ Polish: Idzi

→ Dutch: Gielen

→ Dutch: Giel

[äe̯ˈɡiːd̪iʊs̠]

Probably derived from aegis (“shield”), from Ancient Greek αἰγίς (aigís, “goatskin”).

(Late Latin) a male given name, equivalent to English Giles


collina

la-noun

collīna f (genitive collīnae); first declension

collīna (canonical feminine)
collīnae (genitive)
collīna (nominative singular)
collīnae (nominative plural)
collīnae (genitive singular)
collīnārum (genitive plural)
collīnae (dative singular)
collīnīs (dative plural)
collīnam (accusative singular)
collīnās (accusative plural)
collīnā (ablative singular)
collīnīs (ablative plural)
collīna (singular vocative)
collīnae (plural vocative)

Padanian:

Friulian: culine

Piedmontese: colina

Romansch: kuliña

Venetan: cołina

Italo-Romance:

Italian: collina

→ French: colline

→ Portuguese: colina

→ Romanian: colină

→? Sicilian: cullina

→ Spanish: colina

Substantivisation of collīna, feminine of collīnus (“of a hill”), from collis + -īnus


rabia

rabia f (genitive rabiae); first declension

rabiae (genitive)
rabia (nominative singular)
rabiae (nominative plural)
rabiae (genitive singular)
rabiārum (genitive plural)
rabiae (dative singular)
rabiīs (dative plural)
rabiam (accusative singular)
rabiās (accusative plural)
rabiā (ablative singular)
rabiīs (ablative plural)
rabia (singular vocative)
rabiae (plural vocative)


parentela

parentēla f (genitive parentēlae); first declension

parentēla (canonical feminine)
parentēlae (genitive)
parentēla (nominative singular)
parentēlae (nominative plural)
parentēlae (genitive singular)
parentēlārum (genitive plural)
parentēlae (dative singular)
parentēlīs (dative plural)
parentēlam (accusative singular)
parentēlās (accusative plural)
parentēlā (ablative singular)
parentēlīs (ablative plural)
parentēla (singular vocative)
parentēlae (plural vocative)

homuncionem exilis staturae, despicabilis parentelae

1125, William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum 263.28

a little man of small stature, of lowly kin


sartago

sartāgō f (genitive sartāginis); third declension

sartāgō (canonical feminine)
sartāginis (genitive)
sartāgō (nominative singular)
sartāginēs (nominative plural)
sartāginis (genitive singular)
sartāginum (genitive plural)
sartāginī (dative singular)
sartāginibus (dative plural)
sartāginem (accusative singular)
sartāginēs (accusative plural)
sartāgine (ablative singular)
sartāginibus (ablative plural)
sartāgō (singular vocative)
sartāginēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Neapolitan: sartàjine

Romanesco: sartàina, sardània

Sicilian: sartànija

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: sartana

Occitan:

Gascon: sartan, sartanha, sartana, sartena, sàrtia

Languedocien: sartan

Provençal: sartan

Vivaro-Alpine: sartan

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: sartaña

Portuguese: sertã

Spanish: sartén

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

Campidanese: sartania, sattaina

Logudorese: sartaina

Nuorese: sartaghine, sartaine, sartaghina

[s̠ärˈt̪äːɡoː]

[särˈt̪äːɡo]

Of uncertain origin.
The Irish priest James Byrne provides one of the only attempts at finding an etymology for this word in his Origin of the Greek, Latin, and Gothic roots, linking the word to serēscō (“to dry off”), due to many forms of heat-based cooking involving evaporating moisture out of food. However, Byrne does not seem to have been a linguist and does not explain the morphological relation, and additionally thought these words were linked by "friction" rather than "dryness", so this etymology is suspect.
Another Latin word that Byrne proposes as cognate is sarriō (“to hoe”). The phonetics are a bit closer than serēscō, and semantically, frying pans have a flat surface like the flat blades of hoes as well as the action of flipping food inside a frying pan being vaguely hoe-like.
The word seems semantically somewhat similar to Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews- (“to be dry”), though the Indo-European root is otherwise unattested in Italic. Another word it resembles is sartor (“mender, tailor”), which is semantically quite far away.
The term could very well be of substrate origin as well.
On the other hand, Ernout and Meillet take the word as a derivative of sarciō (“to patch, mend, repair”), with semantic development "patched things" > "mixture, medley" > "tool for mixing (and cooking) food" > "frying pan".


borras

la-noun

borrās m (genitive borrae); first declension

borrās (canonical masculine)
borrae (genitive)
borrās (nominative singular)
borrae (nominative plural)
borrae (genitive singular)
borrārum (genitive plural)
borrae (dative singular)
borrīs (dative plural)
borrān (accusative singular)
borrās (accusative plural)
borrā (ablative singular)
borrīs (ablative plural)
borrā (singular vocative)
borrae (plural vocative)

Vulgar Latin: *borrasicare

Catalan: borrasca

Spanish: borrasca

From Ancient Greek Βορρᾶς (Borrhâs), alternative form of Βορέᾱς (Boréās).

(Late Latin) Synonym of boreās (“north wind; north (direction)”)


cata

Aragonese: cada

Aromanian: cãte

Asturian: cada

Catalan: cada

Corsican: caa

Extremaduran: cá, ca

Old Francoprovençal: cha

Franco-Provençal: cha

Old French: cha, chascun

French: cha (dialectal), chacun, chaque

Galician: cada

Italian: cadauno

Leonese: ca

Mirandese: cada

Occitan: cada

Portuguese: cada

Romanian: câte

Spanish: cada

Venetan: cada

Euangeliu[m] cata Lucam

c. 4th century (copied 9th century), Codex Gatianus (VL 30), folio 52ʳ:


clausura

clausūra f (genitive clausūrae); first declension

clausūra (canonical feminine)
clausūrae (genitive)
clausūra (nominative singular)
clausūrae (nominative plural)
clausūrae (genitive singular)
clausūrārum (genitive plural)
clausūrae (dative singular)
clausūrīs (dative plural)
clausūram (accusative singular)
clausūrās (accusative plural)
clausūrā (ablative singular)
clausūrīs (ablative plural)
clausūra (singular vocative)
clausūrae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: Cljisura

→ Catalan: clausura

→ Friulian: clausure

Galician: chousura

Italian: chiusura; → clausura

Old French:

closure

→ English: closure

⇒ closture

French: clôture

→ English: cloture

Occitan: clausura

Portuguese: chousura; → clausura

→ Polish: klauzura

→ Spanish: clausura

→ Venetan: clauxùra

→ Albanian: këshyre, → Albanian: Këlcyrë

→ English: clausure

→ Greek: κλεισούρα (kleisoúra)

→ Bulgarian: клисура (klisura)

→ Romanian: clisură

[kɫ̪äu̯ˈs̠uːrä]

Late Latin. From clausus (“shut, closed”, past participle of claudō) + -sūra.

affix

past participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">claudō</i>


cocino

la-verb

cocīnō (present infinitive cocīnāre, perfect active cocīnāvī, supine cocīnātum); first conjugation

cocīnō (canonical)
cocīnāre (infinitive present)
cocīnāvī (active perfect)
cocīnātum (supine)
coquīnō (active first-person indicative present singular)
coquīnās (active indicative present second-person singular)
coquīnat (active indicative present singular third-person)
coquīnāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
coquīnātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
coquīnant (active indicative plural present third-person)
coquīnābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
coquīnābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
coquīnābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
coquīnābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
coquīnābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
coquīnābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
coquīnābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
coquīnābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
coquīnābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
coquīnābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
coquīnābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
coquīnābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
coquīnāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
coquīnāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
coquīnāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
coquīnāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
coquīnāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
coquīnāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
coquīnāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
coquīnāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
coquīnāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
coquīnāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
coquīnāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
coquīnāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
coquīnāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
coquīnāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
coquīnāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
coquīnāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
coquīnāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
coquīnāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
coquīnāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
coquīnor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
coquīnāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
coquīnāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
coquīnātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
coquīnāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
coquīnāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
coquīnantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
coquīnābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
coquīnābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
coquīnābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
coquīnābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
coquīnābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
coquīnābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
coquīnābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
coquīnābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
coquīnābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
coquīnāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
coquīnābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
coquīnābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
coquīnābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
coquīnābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
coquīnem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
coquīnēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
coquīnet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
coquīnēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
coquīnētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
coquīnent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
coquīnārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
coquīnārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
coquīnāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
coquīnārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
coquīnārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
coquīnārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
coquīnāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
coquīnāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
coquīnāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
coquīnāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
coquīnāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
coquīnāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
coquīnāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
coquīnāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
coquīnāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
coquīnāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
coquīnāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
coquīnāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
coquīner (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
coquīnēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
coquīnēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
coquīnētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
coquīnēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
coquīnēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
coquīnentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
coquīnārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
coquīnārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
coquīnārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
coquīnārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
coquīnārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
coquīnārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
coquīnārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
coquīnā (active imperative present second-person singular)
coquīnāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
coquīnātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
coquīnātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
coquīnātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
coquīnantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
coquīnāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
coquīnāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
coquīnātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
coquīnātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
coquīnantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
coquīnāre (active infinitive present)
coquīnārī (infinitive passive present)
coquīnāns (active participle present)
coquīnātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
coquīnātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
coquīnātūrus (active future participle)
coquīnandus (future participle passive)
coquīnāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
coquīnātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
coquīnātus (participle passive perfect)
coquīnātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
coquīnātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
coquīnandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
coquīnandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
coquīnandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
coquīnandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
coquīnātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
coquīnātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: cucinare

Neapolitan: cocenare

Sicilian: cucinari

North Italian:

Friulian: cusinâ

Romansch: cuschinar, cuschiner

Venetan: cuxinar, coxinar, cusinar

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: cochinare, coghinare, cuchinare

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: cuinar

Franco-Provençal: cusenar

Old French: [Term?]

Champenois: cugengner

French: cuisiner

Walloon: coujhner

Occitan: cosinar

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: cocinar

Old Galician-Portuguese: cozinnar

Galician: cociñar

Portuguese: cozinhar

Spanish: cocinar

From earlier coquīnō. Attested in the Pactus Legis Salicae.

Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange#Works
Salic Law


contrasto

la-verb

contrāstō (present infinitive contrāstāre, perfect active contrāstāvī); first conjugation, no passive, no supine stem

contrāstō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
contrāstāre (infinitive present)
contrāstāvī (active perfect)
contrāstō (active first-person indicative present singular)
contrāstās (active indicative present second-person singular)
contrāstat (active indicative present singular third-person)
contrāstāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
contrāstātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
contrāstant (active indicative plural present third-person)
contrāstābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
contrāstābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
contrāstābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
contrāstābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
contrāstābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
contrāstābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
contrāstābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
contrāstābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
contrāstābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
contrāstābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
contrāstābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
contrāstābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
contrāstāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
contrāstāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
contrāstāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
contrāstāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
contrāstāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
contrāstāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
contrāstāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
contrāstāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
contrāstāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
contrāstāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
contrāstāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
contrāstāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
contrāstāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
contrāstāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
contrāstāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
contrāstāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
contrāstāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
contrāstāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
contrāstāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
contrāstem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
contrāstēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
contrāstet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
contrāstēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
contrāstētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
contrāstent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
contrāstārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
contrāstārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
contrāstāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
contrāstārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
contrāstārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
contrāstārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
contrāstāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
contrāstāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
contrāstāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
contrāstāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
contrāstāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
contrāstāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
contrāstāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
contrāstāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
contrāstāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
contrāstāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
contrāstāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
contrāstāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
contrāstā (active imperative present second-person singular)
contrāstāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
contrāstātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
contrāstātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
contrāstātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
contrāstantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
contrāstāre (active infinitive present)
contrāstāns (active participle present)
contrāstāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
contrāstandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
contrāstandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
contrāstandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
contrāstandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

French: contrester (dialectal)

→ Italian: contrastare

Spanish: contrastar

[kɔn̪ˈt̪räːs̠t̪oː]


deterioro

dēteriōrō (present infinitive dēteriōrāre, perfect active dēteriōrāvī, supine dēteriōrātum); first conjugation

dēteriōrō (canonical)
dēteriōrāre (infinitive present)
dēteriōrāvī (active perfect)
dēteriōrātum (supine)
dēteriōrō (active first-person indicative present singular)
dēteriōrās (active indicative present second-person singular)
dēteriōrat (active indicative present singular third-person)
dēteriōrāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
dēteriōrātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
dēteriōrant (active indicative plural present third-person)
dēteriōrābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dēteriōrābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dēteriōrābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dēteriōrābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dēteriōrābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dēteriōrābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dēteriōrābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
dēteriōrābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
dēteriōrābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
dēteriōrābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
dēteriōrābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
dēteriōrābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
dēteriōrāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
dēteriōrāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dēteriōrāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dēteriōrāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
dēteriōrāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
dēteriōrāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēteriōrāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēteriōrāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
dēteriōrāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
dēteriōrāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
dēteriōrāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
dēteriōrāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
dēteriōrāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
dēteriōrāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
dēteriōrāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
dēteriōrāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
dēteriōrāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
dēteriōrāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
dēteriōrāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēteriōror (first-person indicative passive present singular)
dēteriōrāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
dēteriōrāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
dēteriōrātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
dēteriōrāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
dēteriōrāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
dēteriōrantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
dēteriōrābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
dēteriōrābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
dēteriōrābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
dēteriōrābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
dēteriōrābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
dēteriōrābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
dēteriōrābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
dēteriōrābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
dēteriōrābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
dēteriōrāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
dēteriōrābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
dēteriōrābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
dēteriōrābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
dēteriōrābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
dēteriōrem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
dēteriōrēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
dēteriōret (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
dēteriōrēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
dēteriōrētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
dēteriōrent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
dēteriōrārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
dēteriōrārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēteriōrāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēteriōrārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
dēteriōrārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēteriōrārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēteriōrāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
dēteriōrāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēteriōrāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēteriōrāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
dēteriōrāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēteriōrāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēteriōrāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
dēteriōrāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēteriōrāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēteriōrāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
dēteriōrāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēteriōrāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēteriōrer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
dēteriōrēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dēteriōrēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dēteriōrētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
dēteriōrēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
dēteriōrēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
dēteriōrentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
dēteriōrārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
dēteriōrārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dēteriōrārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dēteriōrārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dēteriōrārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
dēteriōrārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dēteriōrārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dēteriōrā (active imperative present second-person singular)
dēteriōrāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
dēteriōrātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
dēteriōrātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
dēteriōrātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
dēteriōrantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
dēteriōrāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
dēteriōrāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
dēteriōrātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
dēteriōrātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
dēteriōrantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
dēteriōrāre (active infinitive present)
dēteriōrārī (infinitive passive present)
dēteriōrāns (active participle present)
dēteriōrātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
dēteriōrātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
dēteriōrātūrus (active future participle)
dēteriōrandus (future participle passive)
dēteriōrāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
dēteriōrātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
dēteriōrātus (participle passive perfect)
dēteriōrātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
dēteriōrātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
dēteriōrandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
dēteriōrandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
dēteriōrandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
dēteriōrandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
dēteriōrātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
dēteriōrātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Catalan: deteriorar

English: deteriorate

French: détériorer

Galician: deteriorar

Italian: deteriorare

Portuguese: deteriorar

Romanian: deteriora

Spanish: deteriorar


escaria

la-noun

ēscāria f (genitive ēscāriae); first declension

ēscāria (canonical feminine)
ēscāriae (genitive)
ēscāria (nominative singular)
ēscāriae (nominative plural)
ēscāriae (genitive singular)
ēscāriārum (genitive plural)
ēscāriae (dative singular)
ēscāriīs (dative plural)
ēscāriam (accusative singular)
ēscāriās (accusative plural)
ēscāriā (ablative singular)
ēscāriīs (ablative plural)
ēscāria (singular vocative)
ēscāriae (plural vocative)

200–400 Hermeneumata Stephani sect. De oleribus Περὶ λαχάνων = Corpus glossariorum latinorum III p. 359 l. 71

escaria τρώξιμα

c. 600–700, the so-called Folium Parisinum (a Latin-Greek glossary with Greek in Latin script) published in the Corpus glossariorum latinorum II page 563 line 20

iscaria seris misce cerasu

endive [is in Greek] σέρις (séris) mixing [is in Greek] κέρασο (kéraso)


fomento

la-verb

fōmentō (present infinitive fōmentāre, perfect active fōmentāvī, supine fōmentātum); first conjugation

fōmentō (canonical)
fōmentāre (infinitive present)
fōmentāvī (active perfect)
fōmentātum (supine)
fōmentō (active first-person indicative present singular)
fōmentās (active indicative present second-person singular)
fōmentat (active indicative present singular third-person)
fōmentāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
fōmentātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
fōmentant (active indicative plural present third-person)
fōmentābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
fōmentābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fōmentābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
fōmentābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
fōmentābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
fōmentābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fōmentābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
fōmentābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
fōmentābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
fōmentābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
fōmentābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
fōmentābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
fōmentāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
fōmentāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
fōmentāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
fōmentāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
fōmentāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
fōmentāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
fōmentāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
fōmentāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
fōmentāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
fōmentāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
fōmentāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
fōmentāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
fōmentāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
fōmentāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
fōmentāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
fōmentāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
fōmentāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
fōmentāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
fōmentāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
fōmentor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
fōmentāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
fōmentāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
fōmentātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
fōmentāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
fōmentāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
fōmentantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
fōmentābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
fōmentābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
fōmentābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
fōmentābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
fōmentābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
fōmentābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
fōmentābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
fōmentābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
fōmentābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
fōmentāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
fōmentābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
fōmentābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
fōmentābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
fōmentābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
fōmentem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
fōmentēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
fōmentet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
fōmentēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
fōmentētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
fōmentent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
fōmentārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
fōmentārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fōmentāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fōmentārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
fōmentārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fōmentārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fōmentāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
fōmentāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fōmentāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fōmentāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
fōmentāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fōmentāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fōmentāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
fōmentāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fōmentāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fōmentāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
fōmentāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fōmentāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fōmenter (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
fōmentēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
fōmentēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
fōmentētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
fōmentēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
fōmentēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
fōmententur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
fōmentārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
fōmentārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fōmentārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fōmentārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fōmentārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
fōmentārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fōmentārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fōmentā (active imperative present second-person singular)
fōmentāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
fōmentātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
fōmentātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
fōmentātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
fōmentantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
fōmentāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
fōmentāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
fōmentātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
fōmentātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
fōmentantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
fōmentāre (active infinitive present)
fōmentārī (infinitive passive present)
fōmentāns (active participle present)
fōmentātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
fōmentātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
fōmentātūrus (active future participle)
fōmentandus (future participle passive)
fōmentāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
fōmentātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
fōmentātus (participle passive perfect)
fōmentātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
fōmentātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
fōmentandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
fōmentandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
fōmentandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
fōmentandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
fōmentātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
fōmentātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

From fōmentum (“poultice”) + -ō (denominative verb suffix).

af

(medicine) to foment; apply a (hot) poultice


horripilo

la-verb

horripilō (present infinitive horripilāre); first conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stems

horripilō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
supine stems (canonical)
horripilāre (infinitive present)
horripilō (active first-person indicative present singular)
horripilās (active indicative present second-person singular)
horripilat (active indicative present singular third-person)
horripilāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
horripilātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
horripilant (active indicative plural present third-person)
horripilābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
horripilābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
horripilābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
horripilābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
horripilābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
horripilābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
horripilābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
horripilābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
horripilābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
horripilābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
horripilābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
horripilābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
horripilem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
horripilēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
horripilet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
horripilēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
horripilētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
horripilent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
horripilārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
horripilārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
horripilāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
horripilārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
horripilārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
horripilārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
horripilā (active imperative present second-person singular)
horripilāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
horripilātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
horripilātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
horripilātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
horripilantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
horripilāre (active infinitive present)
horripilāns (active participle present)
horripilandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
horripilandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
horripilandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
horripilandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

English: horripilate

French: horripiler

Galician: arrepiar

Italian: orripilare

Portuguese: arrepiar

Portuguese: horripilar

Spanish: horripilar

[hɔrˈrɪpɪɫ̪oː]

Derived from horreō (“I stand erect”) + pilus (“hair”) + -ō (1ˢᵗ-conjugation verbal suffix).

(intransitive, Late Latin) to bristle with hairs, to be shaggy


vindicator

la-noun

vindicātor m (genitive vindicātōris); third declension

vindicātor (canonical masculine)
vindicātōris (genitive)
vindicātor (nominative singular)
vindicātōrēs (nominative plural)
vindicātōris (genitive singular)
vindicātōrum (genitive plural)
vindicātōrī (dative singular)
vindicātōribus (dative plural)
vindicātōrem (accusative singular)
vindicātōrēs (accusative plural)
vindicātōre (ablative singular)
vindicātōribus (ablative plural)
vindicātor (singular vocative)
vindicātōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: venjador

French: vengeur

Italian: vendicatore

Portuguese: vingador

Romanian: vindecător

Sicilian: vinnicaturi

Spanish: vengador

(Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin) avenger, vindicator


lanceo

la-verb

lanceō (present infinitive lanceāre); first conjugation, no perfect or supine stems

lanceō (canonical)
supine stems (canonical)
lanceāre (infinitive present)
lanceō (active first-person indicative present singular)
lanceās (active indicative present second-person singular)
lanceat (active indicative present singular third-person)
lanceāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
lanceātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
lanceant (active indicative plural present third-person)
lanceābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
lanceābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
lanceābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
lanceābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
lanceābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
lanceābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
lanceābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
lanceābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
lanceābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
lanceābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
lanceābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
lanceābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
lanceor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
lanceāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
lanceāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
lanceātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
lanceāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
lanceāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
lanceantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
lanceābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
lanceābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
lanceābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
lanceābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
lanceābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
lanceābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
lanceābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
lanceābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
lanceābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
lanceāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
lanceābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
lanceābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
lanceābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
lanceābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
lanceem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
lanceēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
lanceet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
lanceēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
lanceētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
lanceent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
lanceārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
lanceārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
lanceāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
lanceārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
lanceārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
lanceārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
lanceer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
lanceēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
lanceēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
lanceētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
lanceēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
lanceēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
lanceentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
lanceārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
lanceārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lanceārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lanceārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lanceārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
lanceārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lanceārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lanceā (active imperative present second-person singular)
lanceāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
lanceātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
lanceātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
lanceātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
lanceantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
lanceāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
lanceāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
lanceātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
lanceātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
lanceantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
lanceāre (active infinitive present)
lanceārī (infinitive passive present)
lanceāns (active participle present)
lanceandus (future participle passive)
lanceandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
lanceandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
lanceandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
lanceandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)

Friulian: slançâ (with s-)

Italian: lanciare

Old French: lancier

French: lancer (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Old Northern French: lanchier

→ Middle English: launchen

English: launch

Norman: lanchi

Old Occitan:

Occitan: lançar

Catalan: llançar

Piedmontese: lansé

Sicilian: lanzari

Venetan: lansar

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: llanzar

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: lançar
Galician: lanzar
Portuguese: lançar (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: lançar

Spanish: lanzar

Borrowings:

→ Portuguese: lancear

→ Spanish: lancear

lancea (“short javelin”, “light spear”, “lance”) + -ō (suffix forming first-conjugation verbs)

suffix

(Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin, intransitive) to wield or handle a lance


perdono

la-verb

perdōnō (present infinitive perdōnāre, perfect active perdōnāvī, supine perdōnātum); first conjugation

perdōnō (canonical)
perdōnāre (infinitive present)
perdōnāvī (active perfect)
perdōnātum (supine)
perdōnō (active first-person indicative present singular)
perdōnās (active indicative present second-person singular)
perdōnat (active indicative present singular third-person)
perdōnāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
perdōnātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
perdōnant (active indicative plural present third-person)
perdōnābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
perdōnābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
perdōnābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
perdōnābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
perdōnābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
perdōnābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
perdōnābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
perdōnābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
perdōnābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
perdōnābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
perdōnābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
perdōnābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
perdōnāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
perdōnāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
perdōnāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
perdōnāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
perdōnāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
perdōnāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
perdōnāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
perdōnāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
perdōnāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
perdōnāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
perdōnāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
perdōnāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
perdōnāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
perdōnāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
perdōnāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
perdōnāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
perdōnāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
perdōnāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
perdōnāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
perdōnor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
perdōnāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
perdōnāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
perdōnātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
perdōnāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
perdōnāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
perdōnantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
perdōnābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
perdōnābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
perdōnābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
perdōnābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
perdōnābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
perdōnābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
perdōnābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
perdōnābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
perdōnābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
perdōnāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
perdōnābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
perdōnābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
perdōnābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
perdōnābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
perdōnem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
perdōnēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
perdōnet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
perdōnēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
perdōnētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
perdōnent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
perdōnārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
perdōnārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
perdōnāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
perdōnārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
perdōnārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
perdōnārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
perdōnāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
perdōnāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
perdōnāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
perdōnāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
perdōnāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
perdōnāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
perdōnāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
perdōnāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
perdōnāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
perdōnāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
perdōnāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
perdōnāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
perdōner (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
perdōnēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
perdōnēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
perdōnētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
perdōnēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
perdōnēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
perdōnentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
perdōnārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
perdōnārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
perdōnārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
perdōnārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
perdōnārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
perdōnārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
perdōnārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
perdōnā (active imperative present second-person singular)
perdōnāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
perdōnātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
perdōnātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
perdōnātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
perdōnantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
perdōnāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
perdōnāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
perdōnātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
perdōnātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
perdōnantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
perdōnāre (active infinitive present)
perdōnārī (infinitive passive present)
perdōnāns (active participle present)
perdōnātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
perdōnātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
perdōnātūrus (active future participle)
perdōnandus (future participle passive)
perdōnāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
perdōnātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
perdōnātus (participle passive perfect)
perdōnātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
perdōnātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
perdōnandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
perdōnandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
perdōnandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
perdōnandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
perdōnātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
perdōnātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: perdonare

Sicilian: pirdunari

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: perdonare, perdonai

North Italian:

Piedmontese: përdoné, përdon

Romansch: perdunar

Gallo-Romance:

desctree

Old French: pardoner, parduner, perdoner
French: pardonner
→ Romanian: pardona
→ Middle English: pardonen
English: pardon
Scots: pardon

Occitano-Romance

Catalan: perdonar

Occitan: perdonar

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: perdonar

Old Galician-Portuguese: perdõar
Galician: perdoar
Portuguese: perdoar

Spanish: perdonar

Boston
Brill
Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch
Leiden
Romulus_(fabulist)

From per- + dōnō. Attested between 350 and 500 CE in Romulus and numerous sources thereafter. Possibly calqued into Proto-Germanic as *fragebaną, or vice-versa.