Abaddon

→ German: Abaddon

desc

→ Middle English: Abadon, Abbadon, Labadon, Laabadon

English: Abaddon

→ Spanish: Abadón

[äˈbäd̪ːoːn]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀβαδδών (Abaddṓn).

et habebant super se regem angelum abyssi cui nomen hebraice Abaddon graece autem Apollyon et latine habet nomen Exterminans
And they had over them a king, the angel of the bottomless pit; whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon, and in Greek Apollyon; in Latin Exterminans. ― Douay–Rheims translation

ante''' AD 405, anonymous revisor(s) of the Vetus Latina, Biblia Sacra Vulgatae Editionis, Apocalypsis 9:11

(Late Latin) the name of the angel of Tartarus


acceptor

la-noun

acceptor m (genitive acceptōris, feminine acceptrīx); third declension

acceptōris (genitive)
acceptrīx (feminine)
acceptor (nominative singular)
acceptōrēs (nominative plural)
acceptōris (genitive singular)
acceptōrum (genitive plural)
acceptōrī (dative singular)
acceptōribus (dative plural)
acceptōrem (accusative singular)
acceptōrēs (accusative plural)
acceptōre (ablative singular)
acceptōribus (ablative plural)
acceptor (singular vocative)
acceptōrēs (plural vocative)

From accipiō + -tor. Sense 3 reflects the meaning of accipiter, which had already been perceived as being related to accipere for a long time.


de

Aragonese: de

Asturian: de

Aromanian: di

Old Catalan: de

Catalan: de

Corsican: di

Dalmatian: de

→ Esperanto: de

Franco-Provençal: de

Old French: de

Middle French: de

French: de

Friulian: di

Old Galician-Portuguese: de

Galician: de

Portuguese: de

→ Ido: de

→ Interlingua: de

Italian: di, de

Ladin: de

Old Lombard: de

Lombard: de

Gallo-Italic of Sicily: d', d′, di

Mozarabic: ד (d)

Neapolitan: 'e

Old Occitan: de

Occitan: de

Romanian: de

Romansch: da

Sicilian: di

Old Spanish: de

Ladino: de, di, די

Spanish: de

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *dē
Latin de
Inherited from Proto-Italic *dē, from an instrumental singular form of Proto-Indo-European *de. Also in suffixes -dam, -dum, -de, -dō (e.g. quondam, inde, unde, quandō), dōnec, Ancient Greek δέ (dé), δή (dḗ), English to.

etymon

Peto de te.

from, away from, down from, out of; in general to indicate the person or place from which any thing is taken, etc., with verbs of taking away, depriving, demanding, requesting, inquiring, buying; as capere, sumere, emere, quaerere, discere, trahere, etc., and their compounds.


Israel

la-proper noun

Isrāēl m sg (genitive Isrāēl or Isrāēlis); indeclinable, variously declined, third declension

Isrāēl (canonical masculine singular)
variously declined (canonical)
Isrāēl (genitive)
Isrāēlis (genitive)
Isrāēl (nominative singular)
Isrāēl (genitive singular)
Isrāēlis (genitive singular)
Isrāēl (dative singular)
Isrāēlī (dative singular)
Isrāēl (accusative singular)
Isrāēlem (accusative singular)
Isrāēl (ablative singular)
Isrāēle (ablative singular)
Isrāēl (singular vocative)

Asturian: Israel

Catalan: Israel

→ Old Dutch: israel

Middle Dutch: israel

desctree

Dutch: Israël
Afrikaans: Israel
→ Indonesian: Israel

→ English: Israel, Yisrael, Israhel
→ Japanese: イスラエル (Isuraeru)

French: Israël

Galician: Israel

→ German: Israel

→ Old Irish: Israhél, Israél
Irish: Iosrael
Manx: Israel
Scottish Gaelic: Iosrael

Norman: Israël

Portuguese: Israel

Romanian: Israel

Spanish: Israel

[ɪs̠ˈräːeːɫ̪]

Borrowed from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl). The spelling Istrāhēl, from Ἰστρᾱήλ (Istrāḗl), was predominant until the dissemination of Jerome’s Vulgate (5th century CE), which popularized Isrāhēl. The h was gradually lost thereafter.

bor+

At ille: Nequaquam, inquit, Iacob appellabitur nomen tuum, sed Israhel: quoniam si contra Deum fortis fuisti quanto magis contra homines praevalebis.

(Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin) Israel, another name of the patriarch Jacob


India

la-proper noun

India f sg (genitive Indiae); first declension

Indiae (genitive)
India (nominative singular)
Indiae (genitive singular)
Indiae (dative singular)
Indiam (accusative singular)
Indiā (ablative singular)
India (singular vocative)

Sicilian: Ìnnia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía), from Ancient Greek Ἰνδός (Indós, “the Indus river”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš), from Proto-Iranian *hínduš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”), of uncertain origin.

der

(Late Latin) (chiefly historical, proscribed in modern use) India (a region of South Asia, traditionally delimited by the Himalayas and the Indus river; the Indian subcontinent)


Romania

la-proper noun

Rōmānia f sg (genitive Rōmāniae); first declension

Rōmānia (canonical feminine singular)
Rōmāniae (genitive)
Rōmānia (nominative singular)
Rōmāniae (genitive singular)
Rōmāniae (dative singular)
Rōmāniam (accusative singular)
Rōmāniā (ablative singular)
Rōmānia (singular vocative)

q

from a Vulgar Latin variant <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">Rōmănia</i> with a short a in the second syllable

→ Proto-Brythonic: *rrʉβ̃ėn (from a Vulgar Latin variant Rōmănia with a short a in the second syllable)

Middle Welsh: Ruvein

Welsh: Rhufain

From Ancient Greek Ῥωμᾱνῐ́ᾱ (Rhōmānĭ́ā).

Nam ego quoque ipse virum quemdam Narbonensem ... audivi, se familiarissimum Ataulpho apud Narbonam fuisse: ac de eo ... didicisse, quod ... referre solitus esset, se in primis ardenter inhiasse: ut, obliterato Romano nomine, Romanum omne sŏlum, Gothorum imperium et faceret et vocaret: essetque, ut vulgariter loquar, Gothia, quod Romania fuisset; fieretque nunc Ataulphus quod quondam Caesar Augustus.

lived ca. 385 CE - ca. 420 CE, Orosius, Historiae adversum paganos 7.43.5

I, too, once heard a man from Narbonne who claimed to be very familiar with Athaulf and who had learned that Athaulf would often say that, more than anything else, he desired this: after eliminating the name of Rome, he would make the entire Roman land subject to Gothic power and call it so, calling (if I may speak vulgarly) what was previously Romania as "Gothia". And so Athaulfus would become what Caesar Augustus once was [i.e. the first emperor of a new empire].


eo

* see: ego

dis m s / tv · qvicvm · q · pivs vel inbenig / nvs legens titvm · q · meo fles ae / tatim · q · mae qvae avte non̆ debvj / talem · q · lvcem nec tales svperos / linqvere qva rem · q · dicis ƒvi enim / hobes caro sponso cvivs · q · mo / res timida semprer · q · castitatem / vivs · q caritatem servavi qvia / etenim · is · a me merebatvr qvi · me / tam caste diligebat vixi ad · q · sim · / pliciter · in cvivs · o · pvdorem · / nemo nec iactare ne · q · apvt caro · / marito inodiari potvi · o · q · cvm / q · tv sancta ƒemina potveris / tam caste vivere scio enim pos / se te care diligi si meo·q·rito cas / titati vivas qvia ego post mevm·q· / obitvm mvltorvm annorvm / memoria marito reli sed ago / svperis gratias qvod dvm · q · eo · / viveri nil volvptatibvs meis / negavit qvia et ipsa mervera · / severa · avg · serv · a · pia vix · an · xx / iiii · m · vi · die · xi h s e · / fecit merenti conivx

epitaph by a grieving spouse, CIL VIII 13134 Carthage

... but I thank the Gods that, so long as I lived, he never denied...

Walther von Wartburg
w:Walther von Wartburg

Alternative form of ego (attested in the 6th c. AD; see also the pagan inscription quoted below)


anterior

anterius (neuter)
anterior (feminine masculine nominative singular)
anterius (neuter nominative singular)
anteriōrēs (feminine masculine nominative singular)
anteriōra (neuter nominative plural)
anteriōris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
anteriōrum (feminine genitive masculine neuter)
anteriōrī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
anteriōribus (dative feminine masculine neuter)
anteriōrem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
anterius (accusative neuter singular)
anteriōrēs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
anteriōrīs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
anteriōra (accusative neuter plural)
anteriōre (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
anteriōrī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
anteriōribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
anterior (feminine masculine singular vocative)
anterius (neuter singular vocative)
anteriōrēs (feminine masculine singular vocative)
anteriōra (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: anterior

→ English: anterior

→ French: antérieur

→ Galician: anterior

→ Italian: anteriore

→ Portuguese: anterior

→ Romanian: anterior

→ Spanish: anterior

Comparative form of lost adjective *anterus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énteros. Related to ante.

That is before, more forward, foremost; (of time) former, previous; anterior.


torta

la-noun

torta f (genitive tortae); first declension

tortae (genitive)
torta (nominative singular)
tortae (nominative plural)
tortae (genitive singular)
tortārum (genitive plural)
tortae (dative singular)
tortīs (dative plural)
tortam (accusative singular)
tortās (accusative plural)
tortā (ablative singular)
tortīs (ablative plural)
torta (singular vocative)
tortae (plural vocative)

From torta pānis f sg (literally “a roll of bread”); either from the feminine of tortus (“twisted, folded over”) that describes the form of the bread (torta [forma]), or from turta (“type of pastry”).

tortam panis et partem assae carnis bubulae et frixam oleo similam

(Late Latin) roll of bread (usually made with unsifted flour)


hallux

hallux m (genitive hallucis); third declension

hallucis (genitive)
hallux (nominative singular)
hallucēs (nominative plural)
hallucis (genitive singular)
hallucum (genitive plural)
hallucī (dative singular)
hallucibus (dative plural)
hallucem (accusative singular)
hallucēs (accusative plural)
halluce (ablative singular)
hallucibus (ablative plural)
hallux (singular vocative)
hallucēs (plural vocative)

Italian: alluce

→ Catalan: hàllux

→ English: hallux

→ Portuguese: hálux

→ Spanish: hallux

[ˈhälːʲʊks̠]

There is a relation to hallus and allex. Might be a conflation of both. The word-initial h might stem from an assumed connection with ἅλλομαι (hállomai).


PS

(Late Latin, money) Abbreviation of pustulatum, pusulatum.


zeta

zēta f (genitive zētae); first declension

zēta (canonical feminine)
zētae (genitive)
zēta (nominative singular)
zētae (nominative plural)
zētae (genitive singular)
zētārum (genitive plural)
zētae (dative singular)
zētīs (dative plural)
zētam (accusative singular)
zētās (accusative plural)
zētā (ablative singular)
zētīs (ablative plural)
zēta (singular vocative)
zētae (plural vocative)

In third- and fourth-century writings of the Late Latin period, Z often represented word-initial prevocalic di.

[ˈd̪͡z̪eːt̪ä]

[ˈd̪͡z̪ɛːt̪ä]

(Late Latin) manuscript variant of diaeta


casa

casa f (genitive casae); first declension

casae (genitive)
casa (nominative singular)
casae (nominative plural)
casae (genitive singular)
casārum (genitive plural)
casae (dative singular)
casīs (dative plural)
casam (accusative singular)
casās (accusative plural)
casā (ablative singular)
casīs (ablative plural)
casa (singular vocative)
casae (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: casã

Istro-Romanian: cåsĕ

Megleno-Romanian: casă

Romanian: casă

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: casa

Asturian: casa

Mirandese: casa

Old Galician-Portuguese: casa

Fala: casa

Galician: casa, cas

desctree

Portuguese: casa, caza (obsolete)
Guinea-Bissau Creole: kasa, kaza
Indo-Portuguese: casa
Kabuverdianu: kasa
Karipúna Creole French: kaz
Korlai Creole Portuguese: kadz
Kristang: kaza
Macanese: casa
Papiamentu: ka (partly)

Old Spanish: casa

Spanish: casa
→ Cebuano: kasa
→ English: casa
→ Papiamentu: kas (partly)

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: chèṡa, cà

Ligurian: câza

Lombard: cà

Piedmontese: ca

Romagnol: ca

Sammarinese: chêsa, ca’

Venetan: caxa, ca’

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: casa, ca

Occitan: casa, cò

Old French: chiese, chese

French: chez
→ English: chez

⇒ Norman: caisèye, Norman: quieux (preposition), Norman: ciez (Coutance, preposition)

Italo-Dalmatian:

Dalmatian: cuosa

Istriot: casa

Italian: casa, ca’

Sicilian: casa

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: cjase, čhase

Ladin: cèsa, cesa

Romansch: chasa

Sardinian:

càsa

→ Interlingua: casa (and from Italian and Spanish)

Uncertain. Possibly from either Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”) (compare catēna (“chain”)), or Proto-Indo-European *ket- (“hut, shed”) (compare Old English heaþor (“restraint, confinement, enclosure, prison”), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀 (kata, “chamber”), Mazanderani کَت (kat, “wall”)), likely through borrowing from another Indo-European language rather than inheritance due to the presence of the medial -s-. Ultimately may be of substrate or wanderwort origin; more at cot, and see Proto-Uralic *kota.

cog

(Late Latin, Medieval Latin) dwelling, residence, house


testa

la-noun

testa f (genitive testae); first declension

testae (genitive)
testa (nominative singular)
testae (nominative plural)
testae (genitive singular)
testārum (genitive plural)
testae (dative singular)
testīs (dative plural)
testam (accusative singular)
testās (accusative plural)
testā (ablative singular)
testīs (ablative plural)
testa (singular vocative)
testae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: țeastă

Italo-Romance:

desctree

Italian: testa
→ Alemannic German: Teste
→ Spanish: testa

Sicilian: testa

Padanian:

Friulian: teste

Istriot: tiesta

Old Ligurian: tiesta

Ligurian: tésta

Romansch: testa

Venetan: testa

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: téta

Old French: teste
Champenois: téte
Middle French: teste
French: tête
Norman: tête, teet (Sark)
Walloon: tiesse

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: testa, Catalan: test

Occitan: tèsta, testa (Limousin)

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: tiesta

Leonese: tiesta

Old Galician-Portuguese: testa

Galician: testa

Portuguese: testa

Old Spanish: tiesta

Unknown:
* Perhaps as if tosta, from torreō (“to burn, parch”).
* Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *tₔtḱ-t-, from *tetḱ- (“to create, produce”) (whence Latin texō (“to weave”)). Thus cognate with Middle Persian tšt' (tašt).
* Borrowed from a substrate language, as words for vessels often are.

(transferred sense) a piece of baked earthenware


reptile

la-noun

rēptile n (genitive rēptilis); third declension

rēptile (canonical neuter)
rēptilis (genitive)
rēptile (nominative singular)
rēptilia (nominative plural)
rēptilis (genitive singular)
rēptilium (genitive plural)
rēptilī (dative singular)
rēptilibus (dative plural)
rēptile (accusative singular)
rēptilia (accusative plural)
rēptilī (ablative singular)
rēptilibus (ablative plural)
rēptile (singular vocative)
rēptilia (plural vocative)

→ English: reptile

→ French: reptile

→ German: Reptil

→ Norwegian Bokmål: reptil

→ Spanish: reptil

→ Swedish: reptil

[ˈreːpt̪ɪɫ̪ɛ]

Substantivized neuter of rēptilis (“creeping”), taken from the phrase animal rēptile.


fare

second-person singular present active imperative/indicative of for


fare

Alternative form of facere, present active infinitive of faciō


caucus

caucus m (genitive caucī); second declension

caucī (genitive)
caucus (nominative singular)
caucī (nominative plural)
caucī (genitive singular)
caucōrum (genitive plural)
caucō (dative singular)
caucīs (dative plural)
caucum (accusative singular)
caucōs (accusative plural)
caucō (ablative singular)
caucīs (ablative plural)
cauce (singular vocative)
caucī (plural vocative)

→ Old English: ċēac (see there for further descendants)

→ English: caucus (possibly)

→ Romanian: cauc

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *caucellus

Catalan: escocell

Borrowed from Ancient Greek καῦκος (kaûkos, “cup”). Ultimately, borrowed from Proto-Celtic *kaɸukos (“cup”), from Proto-Indo-European *kap- (“to seize, hold”).

der

Boston
Brill
Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange#Works
Leiden
fr:Jacques André


rex

la-noun

rēx m (genitive rēgis, feminine rēgīna); third declension

rēx (canonical masculine)
rēgis (genitive)
rēgīna (feminine)
rēx (nominative singular)
rēgēs (nominative plural)
rēgis (genitive singular)
rēgum (genitive plural)
rēgī (dative singular)
rēgibus (dative plural)
rēgem (accusative singular)
rēgēs (accusative plural)
rēge (ablative singular)
rēgibus (ablative plural)
rēx (singular vocative)
rēgēs (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

ra

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: rè

Italian: re
→ Maltese: re

Neapolitan: rré

Sicilian: re, reji

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: rà

Old Lombard: rex

Lombard: rè, re

Piedmontese: rèj

Friulian: re

Ladin: re

Ligurian: re

Romansch: retg, raig, rai

Venetan: re

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: rê

desctree

Old French: roi, rex, rei, rai, roy
Middle French: roy
French: roi, roy (obsolete) (pre-1800)
Antillean Creole: wa
Guianese Creole: rwè
Haitian Creole: wa
(perhaps) ⇒ Haitian Creole: lwa
→ English: loa
Karipúna Creole French: hué
Louisiana Creole: rwa
Seychellois Creole: lerwa
Norman:
Continental Normandy: rai, ré, rey
Guernsey: ré, roué
Jersey: rouai
Sark: rwe
Walloon: roy, rwè
→ Middle English: roy, roye
English: roy

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: rei, rey

Catalan: rei

Old Occitan: rei
Occitan: rei, rèi

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: rei, rey

Aragonese: rei

Old Leonese: rei, rey, re

Asturian: rei, reye

Leonese: rei

Mirandese: rei

Old Galician-Portuguese: rei
Fala: rei
Galician: rei
Portuguese: rei (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: rey
Ladino: rey
Spanish: rey
Chavacano: rey
Papiamentu: rey
→ San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo: rey

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: re, rei

→ Albanian: regj

→ Basque: errege

→ English: rex, Rex

→ Esperanto: reĝo

→ Koine Greek: ῥήξ (rhḗx)

→ Greek: ρήγας (rígas)

→ Albanian: rig

→ Romanian: rigă

→ Ido: rejo

→ Interlingua: rege

→ Italian: rege

→ Romanian: rege

→? Sicilian: reghi

desc

→⇒ Translingual: Balaeniceps rex, Tyrannosaurus rex

→ Volapük: reg

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Proto-Italic *rēks
Latin rēx
From Proto-Italic *rēks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“king, ruler”). Cognates include Sanskrit राजन् (rā́jan, “king”) and Old Irish rí (“king”).

etymon

rēx


bacterium

la-noun

bactērium n (genitive bactēriī); second declension

bactērium (canonical neuter)
bactēriī (genitive)
bactērium (nominative singular)
bactēria (nominative plural)
bactēriī (genitive singular)
bactēriōrum (genitive plural)
bactēriō (dative singular)
bactēriīs (dative plural)
bactērium (accusative singular)
bactēria (accusative plural)
bactēriō (ablative singular)
bactēriīs (ablative plural)
bactērium (singular vocative)
bactēria (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion, “small staff”), from βακτηρία (baktēría).

bor

(Late Latin, Medieval Latin) cane, walking-stick; staff (of a shepherd)


focus

la-noun

focus m (genitive focī); second declension

focī (genitive)
focus (nominative singular)
focī (nominative plural)
focī (genitive singular)
focōrum (genitive plural)
focō (dative singular)
focīs (dative plural)
focum (accusative singular)
focōs (accusative plural)
focō (ablative singular)
focīs (ablative plural)
foce (singular vocative)
focī (plural vocative)
focī (locative singular)
focīs (locative plural)

la-ndecl

Locative used in the sense "by the hearth".

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: foc, focu

Istro-Romanian: foc

Megleno-Romanian: foc

Romanian: foc

Dalmatian:

fuc

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: focu

Italian: foco, fuoco

Neapolitan: fuoco

Sicilian: focu

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: fogu, focu

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: fûg

Ligurian: fêugo

Lombard: fœg, fœi, fœv

Piedmontese: feu, feug

Romagnol: fug, fóg (Faenza, Imola)

Friulian: fûc

Istriot: fògo

Ladin: fech, fesc

Romansch: fieu, fiug

Venetan: fogo

→ Byzantine Greek: φουγκού (phounkoú)

→ Turkish: fufu

→ Greek: φουφού (foufoú)

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: foc

Franco-Provençal: fuè

desctree

Old French: fu
Middle French: feu
French: feu

Walloon: feu

Old Occitan: foc, fuec, fuoc
Occitan: fuòc, fòc, fuec, hoec (Gascony), huec (Gascony)

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: fuego

Asturian: fueu, fuegu, ḥuego

Extremaduran: hueu

Mirandese: fuogo

Old Galician-Portuguese: fogo
Fala: fogu
Galician: fogo
Portuguese: fogo (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: fuego
Ladino: fuego
Spanish: fuego

→ Catalan: focus

→ Dutch: focus

→ English: focus

→ Esperanto: fokuso

→ Finnish: fokus

→ French: focus

→ Galician: foco

→ German: Fokus

→ Italian: focus

→ Portuguese: foco

→ Russian: фо́кус (fókus)

→ Spanish: foco

→ Swedish: fokus

* The origin is uncertain. Usually connected with Old Armenian բոց (bocʻ).
* Some connect this along with faciēs, facētus, fax to Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”). In that case, cognate at the root level with Sanskrit भाति (bhā́ti), Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “to shine”), etc.
* Matasović, and Hamp before him, opt to derive this from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”); Matasović believes that the -c- would have spread from the nominative of a root noun *dʰṓgʷʰ-s (> *dʰṓkʷʰ-s).


sagitta

la-noun

sagitta f (genitive sagittae); first declension

sagittae (genitive)
sagitta (nominative singular)
sagittae (nominative plural)
sagittae (genitive singular)
sagittārum (genitive plural)
sagittae (dative singular)
sagittīs (dative plural)
sagittam (accusative singular)
sagittās (accusative plural)
sagittā (ablative singular)
sagittīs (ablative plural)
sagitta (singular vocative)
sagittae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: sãdzeatã

Romanian: săgeată

Italo-Romance:

Italian: saetta

→ Maltese: sajjetta

Sicilian: sajitta

North Italian:

Friulian: saete

Istriot: sàita

Ladin: saëta, sita

Piedmontese: sajëta

Romansch: sajetta

Venetan: sita, saéta

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: saete, saiete; sajette (latinized)

French: sagette

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: sageta

Occitan: sageta

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: saeta

Old Galician-Portuguese: saeta

Galician: seta

Portuguese: seta

Spanish: saeta

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: saitta

Ancient borrowings:

→ Albanian: shigjetë

→ Tsakonian: σογίτθα (sogíttha)

→ Greek: σαΐτα (saḯta)

→ Old Irish: saiget (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *saɣeθ (see there for further descendants)

Later borrowings:

→ Catalan: sagita

→ English: sagitta

→ Esperanto: sago

→ Italian: sagitta

→ Translingual: Sagitta

→ Spanish: sagita

→ Volapük: sagit

[s̠äˈɡɪt̪ːä]

[säˈd͡ʒit̪ːä]

Unknown etymology. Probably from a pre-Latin Mediterranean language.
A minority view connects it to sāgiō (“to perceive quickly or keenly”).

(Late Latin, medicine) a lancet (instrument for bloodletting)


Pharao

la-proper noun

Pharaō m (genitive Pharaōnis); third declension

Pharaō (canonical masculine)
Pharaōnis (genitive)
Pharaō (nominative singular)
Pharaōnēs (nominative plural)
Pharaōnis (genitive singular)
Pharaōnum (genitive plural)
Pharaōnī (dative singular)
Pharaōnibus (dative plural)
Pharaōnem (accusative singular)
Pharaōnēs (accusative plural)
Pharaōne (ablative singular)
Pharaōnibus (ablative plural)
Pharaō (singular vocative)
Pharaōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: faraón

→ Catalan: faraó

→ Czech: faraon, farao

→ Danish: farao

→ Dutch: farao

→ Old English: Pharao

Middle English: pharao, pharaon

English: pharaoh, pharaon

→ Japanese: ファラオ (farao)

→ Korean: 파라오 (parao)

→ Thai: ฟาโรห์ (faa-roo)

→ Esperanto: faraono

→ French: pharaon

→ Khmer: ផារ៉ាអុង (para'ong)

→ Vietnamese: pha-ra-ông

→ Galician: faraón

→ German: Pharao

→ Hungarian: fáraó

→ Italian: faraone

→ Sicilian: faraguni

→ Maltese: faragħun

→ Norwegian: farao

→ Occitan: faraon

→ Polish: faraon

→ Portuguese: faraó

→ Romanian: faraon

→ Slovak: faraón

→ Old Spanish: pharaon

Spanish: faraón

→ Swedish: farao

→ Finnish: faarao

→ Tagalog: paro

→ Volapük: faraon (♂♀), Volapük: hifaraon (♂), jifaraon (♀)

From Ancient Greek Φαραώ (Pharaṓ), from Biblical Hebrew פַּרְעֹה (par‘ōh), from Egyptian pr:aA (pr-ꜥꜣ, “palace”, “pharaoh”).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">pr-ꜥꜣ</i>

Dēnique Mōȳsē interpretātur sūmptus ex aquā. Invēnit eum ad rīpam flūminis expositum fīlia Pharaōnis, quem colligēns adoptāvit sibi.

c. 600 CE – 625 CE, Isidorus Hispalensis, Etymologiae 7.6.46

Then 'Moses' is interpreted as 'taken out of water'. The daughter of the Pharaoh found him abandoned on the bank of the river and adopted him.


beber

la-noun

beber m (genitive bebrī); second declension

bebrī (genitive)
beber (nominative singular)
bebrī (nominative plural)
bebrī (genitive singular)
bebrōrum (genitive plural)
bebrō (dative singular)
bebrīs (dative plural)
bebrum (accusative singular)
bebrōs (accusative plural)
bebrō (ablative singular)
bebrīs (ablative plural)
beber (singular vocative)
bebrī (plural vocative)

desctree

Old French: bievre, bevre, bevere, bever
Middle French: bievre
French: bièvre (archaic or dialectal)

Friulian: bivar

Italian: bevero

Galician: befre

Old Spanish: befre

Borrowing from a Germanic or Celtic language, both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus (whence Latin fiber).


arma

la-noun

arma f (genitive armae); first declension

armae (genitive)
arma (nominative singular)
armae (nominative plural)
armae (genitive singular)
armārum (genitive plural)
armae (dative singular)
armīs (dative plural)
armam (accusative singular)
armās (accusative plural)
armā (ablative singular)
armīs (ablative plural)
arma (singular vocative)
armae (plural vocative)

Dalmatian: jarma

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: armã

Istro-Romanian: årmĕ

Romanian: armă

Extremaduran: arma

Italian: arma

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: arma

desctree

Old French: arme
Middle French: arme
French: arme
Norman: arme
→ Breton: arm
→ Middle English: armes (via the plural)
English: arms
⇒ English: arm (back-formation)
→ Middle Irish: armas
Irish: armas

Old Leonese:

Asturian: arma

Mirandese: arma

Old Occitan: arma

Catalan: arma

Occitan: arma

Old Galician-Portuguese: arma
Fala: arma
Galician: arma
Portuguese: arma

Old Spanish:

Spanish: arma

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: arme

Ladin: erma

Romansch: arma

Sardinian: àrma

Sicilian: arma

→ Maltese: arma

Venetan: arma

→ Albanian: armë

→ Proto-Brythonic: *arβ̃

Middle Welsh: arf, aryf
Welsh: arf

→ Old Irish: arm

Irish: arm

Scottish Gaelic: arm

A nominative plural → feminine singular transfer from the "weapons" sense of Etymology 1, common during the Late Latin period.


polaris

la-adj

polāris (neuter polāre); third-declension two-termination adjective

polāris (canonical)
polāre (neuter)
polāris (feminine masculine nominative singular)
polāre (neuter nominative singular)
polārēs (feminine masculine nominative singular)
polāria (neuter nominative plural)
polāris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
polārium (feminine genitive masculine neuter)
polārī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
polāribus (dative feminine masculine neuter)
polārem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
polāre (accusative neuter singular)
polārēs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
polārīs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
polāria (accusative neuter plural)
polārī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
polāribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
polāris (feminine masculine singular vocative)
polāre (neuter singular vocative)
polārēs (feminine masculine singular vocative)
polāria (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: polar

English: polar

Galician: polar

Italian: polare

Portuguese: polar

Spanish: polar

[pɔˈɫ̪äːrɪs̠]

(Late Latin) Of or pertaining to the poles (northern and southern).


incubus

la-noun

incubus m (genitive incubī); second declension

incubī (genitive)
incubus (nominative singular)
incubī (nominative plural)
incubī (genitive singular)
incubōrum (genitive plural)
incubō (dative singular)
incubīs (dative plural)
incubum (accusative singular)
incubōs (accusative plural)
incubō (ablative singular)
incubīs (ablative plural)
incube (singular vocative)
incubī (plural vocative)

Dutch: incubus

English: incubus

French: incube

German: Incubus

Italian: incubo

Portuguese: íncubo

Romanian: incub

Russian: инку́б (inkúb)

Spanish: íncubo

From incubō¹ (“I lie upon”, “I brood over”, “I am a burden to”), perhaps via an alteration of the Classical incubō² (“incubus”, “nightmare”).


landica

landīca f (genitive landīcae); first declension

landīca (canonical feminine)
landīcae (genitive)
landīca (nominative singular)
landīcae (nominative plural)
landīcae (genitive singular)
landīcārum (genitive plural)
landīcae (dative singular)
landīcīs (dative plural)
landīcam (accusative singular)
landīcās (accusative plural)
landīcā (ablative singular)
landīcīs (ablative plural)
landīca (singular vocative)
landīcae (plural vocative)

Old French: landie

Romanian: lindic

[ɫ̪än̪ˈd̪iːkä]

Probably for *glandīca, from glāns (“acorn”) + -īcus. Less probably related to lateō (“I am concealed”). Sense 2 and 3 seem to have something to do with a semantic parallel to ἐσχάρα (eskhára), which is affirmed by the gloss landīca – εσχαρίδι<ο>ν.


acqua

acqua f (genitive acquae); first declension

aqua non acqua

[3rd–4th century, Appendix Probi, line 112:


nonna

nonna f (genitive nonnae, masculine nonnus); first declension

nonnae (genitive)
nonnus (masculine)
nonna (nominative singular)
nonnae (nominative plural)
nonnae (genitive singular)
nonnārum (genitive plural)
nonnae (dative singular)
nonnīs (dative plural)
nonnam (accusative singular)
nonnās (accusative plural)
nonnā (ablative singular)
nonnīs (ablative plural)
nonna (singular vocative)
nonnae (plural vocative)

Italo-Dalmatian

desctree

Italian: nonna
→ English: nonna
→ Greek: νόνα (nóna)
→ Italiot Greek: nunna
→ Mòcheno: nu'na

Neapolitan: nonna

Sicilian: nanna

Old French: none (nom.sg), nonain
French: nonne
Norman: nonne

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: none

Ladino: nona

Romansch: nona

Venetan: nona
→ Cimbrian: nona, nóona
→ Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: nona
→ Portuguese: nona

→ Proto-West Germanic: *nunnā (see there for further descendants)

tutor (female), tutoress (dated, may now be sexist), tutrix (obsolete)


pedo

la-verb

pedō (present infinitive pedāre, perfect active pedāvī, supine pedātum); first conjugation

pedō (canonical)
pedāre (infinitive present)
pedāvī (active perfect)
pedātum (supine)
pedō (active first-person indicative present singular)
pedās (active indicative present second-person singular)
pedat (active indicative present singular third-person)
pedāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
pedātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
pedant (active indicative plural present third-person)
pedābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
pedābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
pedābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
pedābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
pedābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
pedābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
pedābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
pedābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
pedābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
pedābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
pedābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
pedābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
pedāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
pedāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
pedāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
pedāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
pedāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
pedāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
pedāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
pedāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
pedāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
pedāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
pedāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
pedāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
pedāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
pedāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
pedāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
pedāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
pedāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
pedāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
pedāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
pedor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
pedāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
pedāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
pedātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
pedāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
pedāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
pedantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
pedābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
pedābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
pedābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
pedābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
pedābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
pedābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
pedābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
pedābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
pedābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
pedāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
pedābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
pedābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
pedābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
pedābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
pedem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
pedēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
pedet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
pedēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
pedētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
pedent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
pedārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
pedārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
pedāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
pedārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
pedārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pedārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pedāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
pedāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
pedāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
pedāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
pedāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pedāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pedāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
pedāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
pedāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
pedāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
pedāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pedāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
peder (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
pedēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
pedēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
pedētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
pedēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
pedēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
pedentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
pedārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
pedārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
pedārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
pedārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
pedārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
pedārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
pedārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
pedā (active imperative present second-person singular)
pedāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
pedātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
pedātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
pedātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
pedantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
pedāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
pedāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
pedātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
pedātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
pedantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
pedāre (active infinitive present)
pedārī (infinitive passive present)
pedāns (active participle present)
pedātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
pedātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
pedātūrus (active future participle)
pedandus (future participle passive)
pedāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
pedātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
pedātus (participle passive perfect)
pedātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
pedātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
pedandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
pedandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
pedandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
pedandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
pedātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
pedātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

From ped- (“foot”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix).

af

(transitive) to furnish with feet, foot; to prop up trees or vines


amen

tlb

(biblical, Christianity, Late Latin, Medieval Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin)

Borrowed from Koine Greek ᾱ̓μήν (āmḗn), from Biblical Hebrew אָמֵן (ʾāmēn, “certainly, truly”); cognate with Arabic آمِين (ʔāmīn), Aramaic אַמִין (ʾamīn), Classical Syriac ܐܰܡܺܝܢ (ʾamīn).


abyssus

la-noun

abyssus f (genitive abyssī); second declension

abyssī (genitive)
abyssus (nominative singular)
abyssī (nominative plural)
abyssī (genitive singular)
abyssōrum (genitive plural)
abyssō (dative singular)
abyssīs (dative plural)
abyssum (accusative singular)
abyssōs (accusative plural)
abyssō (ablative singular)
abyssīs (ablative plural)
abysse (singular vocative)
abyssī (plural vocative)

Inherited forms:

>? Old Galician-Portuguese: avisso

Sicilian: avissu (Calabria)

Ancient borrowings:

→ Old Irish: abis

Irish: aibhéis

Later borrowings:

→ Catalan: abís

→ French: abysse
→ Romanian: abis

→ German: Abyssus

→ Italian: abisso

→ Middle English: abissus

English: abyss

→ Old French: abis

→? Romagnol: abès

[äˈbʏs̠ːʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄβῠσσος (ábŭssos, “bottomless pit”).

bor+

Abyssus abyssum invocat.

Terra autem erat inānis et vacua, et tenebrae erant super faciem abyssī et spīritus Deī ferēbātur super aquās.

And the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved over the waters.


plethora

la-noun

plēthōra f (genitive plēthōrae); first declension

plēthōra (canonical feminine)
plēthōrae (genitive)
plēthōra (nominative singular)
plēthōrae (nominative plural)
plēthōrae (genitive singular)
plēthōrārum (genitive plural)
plēthōrae (dative singular)
plēthōrīs (dative plural)
plēthōram (accusative singular)
plēthōrās (accusative plural)
plēthōrā (ablative singular)
plēthōrīs (ablative plural)
plēthōra (singular vocative)
plēthōrae (plural vocative)

→ English: plethora

From Ancient Greek πληθώρη (plēthṓrē, “fullness, satiety”), from πλήθω (plḗthō, “to be full”) + -η (-ē, nominal suffix).


pasta

la-noun

pasta f (genitive pastae); first declension

pastae (genitive)
pasta (nominative singular)
pastae (nominative plural)
pastae (genitive singular)
pastārum (genitive plural)
pastae (dative singular)
pastīs (dative plural)
pastam (accusative singular)
pastās (accusative plural)
pastā (ablative singular)
pastīs (ablative plural)
pasta (singular vocative)
pastae (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: pasta (see there for further descendants)

Sicilian: pasta

Padanian:

Venetan: pasta

Northern Gallo-Romance:

desctree

Old French: paste
Middle French: paste
French: pâte
→ Middle English: paste
English: paste
→ Cebuano: pasta
Scots: paste, paist

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: pasta

Occitan: pasta

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: pasta

Portuguese: pasta

Spanish: pasta

→ Belarusian: паста (pasta)

→ Czech: pasta

→ Dutch: pasta
Afrikaans: pasta
→ Indonesian: pasta

→ Finnish: pasta

→ German: Paste
→ Japanese: パスタ (pasuta)

→ Hungarian: paszta

→ Macedonian: паста (pasta)

→ Polish: pasta

→ Russian: паста (pasta)

→ Serbo-Croatian: pasta / паста

→ Slovak: pasta

→ Ukrainian: паста (pasta)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek παστά (pastá), from παστός (pastós), from πάσσω (pássō, “sprinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₁t- (“to shake”).


episcopus

la-noun

episcopus m (genitive episcopī); second declension

episcopī (genitive)
episcopus (nominative singular)
episcopī (nominative plural)
episcopī (genitive singular)
episcopōrum (genitive plural)
episcopō (dative singular)
episcopīs (dative plural)
episcopum (accusative singular)
episcopōs (accusative plural)
episcopō (ablative singular)
episcopīs (ablative plural)
episcope (singular vocative)
episcopī (plural vocative)

Dalmatian: pascu

Eastern Romance:

Romanian: piscup

Franco-Provençal: èvèque

Gallo-Italic:

Piedmontese: vëscu

Italo-Romance:

Italian: vescovo

Neapolitan: piscopo

Sicilian: viscuvu, viscu

desctree

Old French: evesque
Middle French: evesque
French: évêque
Haitian Creole: evèk
→ Khmer: អេវ៉េគ (ʼeeveek)
→ Malagasy: eveka
→ Old Occitan: evesque, avesque, vesque
Occitan: avesque

Old Occitan: bisbe

Catalan: bisbe

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: vescul

Romansch: uvestg

Sardinian: obíscu

Venetan: vescovo, vesco

West Iberian:

Old Leonese:

Asturian: obispu

Old Galician-Portuguese: bispo

Galician: bispo

Portuguese: bispo

Old Spanish:

Spanish: obispo (see there for further descendants)

→ Albanian: ipeshkv, peshkop, upeshk

→ Celtic borrowings

Proto-Brythonic: *eskob (see there for further descendants)

Old Irish: epscop (see there for further descendants)

→ Italian: episcopo

→ Portuguese: epíscopo

→ unsorted borrowings

Estonian: piiskop

Hungarian: püspök (via Germanic or Slavic)

Latvian: bīskaps

Lithuanian: vyskupas

Old Prussian: bīskups

Samoan: 'epikopō

Slovene: škof

Yiddish: ביסקופּ (biskup)

⇒ Latin: *biscopu
→ Old Church Slavonic: бискоупъ (biskupŭ) (see there for further descendants)
→ Old Dutch: biskop
Middle Dutch: bischop
Dutch: bisschop (see there for further descendants)
→ Old English: bisċop, bisċeop, bisc̃
Middle English: bischop, bisschop, bisshop, byschop, bishup, busshop, bushop, busschop, bysshop, bissop, biscop, bisscopp
English: bishop (see there for further descendants)
Scots: bishop
→ Old Norse: biskup
Icelandic: biskup
Faroese: biskupur
Norwegian Bokmål: biskop, bisp
Norwegian Nynorsk: biskop, bisp
Old Swedish: biskoper, biskuper
Swedish: biskop
→ Finnish: piispa
Danish: biskop
→ Old Frisian: biskop
Saterland Frisian: Biskop
West Frisian: biskop
→ Old High German: biscof (see there for further descendants)

[ɛˈpɪs̠kɔpʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “overseer”), from ἐπί (epí, “over”) + σκοπός (skopós, “watcher, lookout, guardian”).

bor+

(Late Latin) overseer, supervisor, bishop (in a Christian church who governs a diocese)


abbatissa

la-noun

abbātissa f (genitive abbātissae, masculine abbās); first declension

abbātissa (canonical feminine)
abbātissae (genitive)
abbās (masculine)
abbātissa (nominative singular)
abbātissae (nominative plural)
abbātissae (genitive singular)
abbātissārum (genitive plural)
abbātissae (dative singular)
abbātissīs (dative plural)
abbātissam (accusative singular)
abbātissās (accusative plural)
abbātissā (ablative singular)
abbātissīs (ablative plural)
abbātissa (singular vocative)
abbātissae (plural vocative)

→ Breton: abadessa

Catalan: abadessa

→ Czech: abatyše

→ Danish: abbedisse

→ Dutch: abdis

→ English: abbatess

→ Finnish: abbedissa

→ Icelandic: abbadís

desc

Italian: badessa, abadessa, abbadessa (archaic)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: abbedisse

Old French: abaesse, abeesse

French: abbesse

Norman: abbêsse

→ Middle English: abbesse

English: abbess

→ Middle High German: abtissine

→ Czech: jeptiška

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: abadessa
Galician: abadesa
Portuguese: abadessa

Old Spanish: abbadesa

Spanish: abadesa
→ Basque: abadesa
→ Hiligaynon: abadesa
→ Tagalog: abadesa

→ Polish: abtysa (learned)

Romanian: abatesă

→ Russian: аббатиса (abbatisa)

→ Swedish: abbedissa

→ Ukrainian: абатиса (abatysa)

→ Welsh: abades

[äbːäːˈt̪ɪs̠ːä]

[äbːäˈt̪isːä]

abbās (“abbot”) + -issa (“feminine noun-forming suffix”).

affix

(Late Latin) abbess, female head of an abbey


relative

[rɛɫ̪äːˈt̪iːu̯eː]


sanctus

la-part

sānctus (feminine sāncta, neuter sānctum, comparative sānctior, superlative sānctissimus); first/second-declension participle

sānctus (canonical)
sāncta (feminine)
sānctum (neuter)
sānctior (comparative)
sānctissimus (superlative)
sānctus (masculine nominative singular)
sāncta (feminine nominative singular)
sānctum (neuter nominative singular)
sānctī (masculine nominative singular)
sānctae (feminine nominative plural)
sāncta (neuter nominative plural)
sānctī (genitive masculine singular)
sānctae (feminine genitive singular)
sānctī (genitive neuter singular)
sānctōrum (genitive masculine singular)
sānctārum (feminine genitive plural)
sānctōrum (genitive neuter plural)
sānctō (dative masculine singular)
sānctae (dative feminine singular)
sānctō (dative neuter singular)
sānctīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
sānctum (accusative masculine singular)
sānctam (accusative feminine singular)
sānctum (accusative neuter singular)
sānctōs (accusative masculine singular)
sānctās (accusative feminine plural)
sāncta (accusative neuter plural)
sānctō (ablative masculine singular)
sānctā (ablative feminine singular)
sānctō (ablative neuter singular)
sānctīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
sāncte (masculine singular vocative)
sāncta (feminine singular vocative)
sānctum (neuter singular vocative)
sānctī (masculine singular vocative)
sānctae (feminine plural vocative)
sāncta (neuter plural vocative)

[ˈs̠äːŋkt̪ʊs̠]

Inherited from Proto-Italic *sanktos, perfect passive participle of *sankjō (“consecrate, appoint as sacred”).

(Late Latin) sainted (having been made a saint)


sanctus

la-noun

sānctus m (genitive sānctī, feminine sāncta); second declension

sānctus (canonical masculine)
sānctī (genitive)
sāncta (feminine)
sānctus (nominative singular)
sānctī (nominative plural)
sānctī (genitive singular)
sānctōrum (genitive plural)
sānctō (dative singular)
sānctīs (dative plural)
sānctum (accusative singular)
sānctōs (accusative plural)
sānctō (ablative singular)
sānctīs (ablative plural)
sāncte (singular vocative)
sānctī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: sãntu, sãmtu, simtu, sintu

desc

Romanian: sânt, sfânt (/f/ from Slavic influence)

Dalmatian:

suant

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: santu

Italian: santo

Sicilian: santu

North Italian:

Friulian: sant

Istriot: santo

Ladin: sant, sent

Ligurian: sànto

Piedmontese: sant

Romansch: sontg, sogn, son, sench, sonch

Venetan: santo

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: saint, seint

French: saint

Norman: saint

→ Cornish: sans

→ Dutch: Sint

→ English: saint

→ Irish: San

→ Welsh: sant

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: sant

Occitan: sant

Ibero-Romance:

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: santo, san (before consonants), sãto, sancto
Fala: santu
Galician: santo
Portuguese: santo, sancto (obsolete)
→ Kadiwéu: xaanto
→ Nheengatu: santu
→ Tetum: santu

Old Leonese: [Term?]

Asturian: santu

Extremaduran: santu

Leonese: santu

Mirandese: santo

Old Spanish:

Spanish: santo, san

→ Tagalog: santo

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: santu

Ancient borrowings:

→ Albanian: shenjtë/shën/shna/shejt

→ Basque: seind, saind

Later borrowings:

→ Danish: Sankt

→ English: Sanctus

→ French: Sanctus

→ German: Sankt, Sanctus

→ Swedish: Sankt

[ˈs̠äːŋkt̪ʊs̠]

"Dorothy Day erat sancta viva." (Dorothy Day was a living saint.)

(Late Latin) A saint; person who lives a holy and virtuous life.

"Kateri Tekakwitha sancta proclamata est." (Kateri Tekakwitha was proclaimed a saint.)

(Late Latin) A person who is officially proclaimed as having lived a life of heroic virtue.

Sanctus Stephanus Protomartyr

(Late Latin) A title given to (2), usually capitalized, prefixed to the person's name.


por

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: por, pô

Old French: por, pur
Middle French: pour
French: pour
Norman: pouor, pour (Guernsey)

Occitano-Romance:

q

Old Occitan: por ("beyond, more" in the context of price)

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: por

Old Galician-Portuguese: por

Fala: por

Galician: por

Portuguese: por

Spanish: por

→ Gascon: por

Esperanto: por

From Classical Latin prō, probably reshaped by analogy with the preposition per. Attested in an imperial inscription from what is now Budapest and another from Tunis. Replaced in much of Romance with descendants of per.


monachus

la-noun

monachus m (genitive monachī); second declension

monachī (genitive)
monachus (nominative singular)
monachī (nominative plural)
monachī (genitive singular)
monachōrum (genitive plural)
monachō (dative singular)
monachīs (dative plural)
monachum (accusative singular)
monachōs (accusative plural)
monachō (ablative singular)
monachīs (ablative plural)
monache (singular vocative)
monachī (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

desctree

Italian: monaco
→ Sardinian: monacu (modern form)

Neapolitan: monaco

Sicilian: mònacu, mònicu, mònucu

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese: monago

Old Galician-Portuguese: moogo
Galician: Mogo (surname)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: monacu, monagu (inherited medieval forms)

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: murg

→ Basque: monako

→ Old Irish: manach (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *manax (see there for further descendants)

→ Swahili: mmonaki

North Italian:

Friulian: muini

Ligurian: mónego

Lombard: mòneg

Piedmontese: monio

Romansch: muntg, montg, muong

Venetan: munego, monego

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: monjo (see there for further descendants)

Franco-Provençal: mouéno

Old French: monie (see there for further descendants)

Gascon: mounje, mounye, mouyne, mounàch

Old Occitan: monge (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ Proto-West Germanic: *munik (see there for further descendants)

[ˈmɔnäkʰʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek μοναχός (monakhós, “single, solitary”), from μόνος (mónos, “alone”).


duodecas

la-noun

duōdecas f (genitive duōdecadis); third declension

duōdecas (canonical feminine)
duōdecadis (genitive)
duōdecas (nominative singular)
duōdecadēs (nominative plural)
duōdecadis (genitive singular)
duōdecadum (genitive plural)
duōdecadī (dative singular)
duōdecadibus (dative plural)
duōdecadem (accusative singular)
duōdecadēs (accusative plural)
duōdecade (ablative singular)
duōdecadibus (ablative plural)
duōdecas (singular vocative)
duōdecadēs (plural vocative)

→ English: duodecade

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δυωδεκάς (duōdekás), variant of δωδεκάς (dōdekás).


rancor

la-noun

rancor m (genitive rancōris); third declension

rancōris (genitive)
rancor (nominative singular)
rancōrēs (nominative plural)
rancōris (genitive singular)
rancōrum (genitive plural)
rancōrī (dative singular)
rancōribus (dative plural)
rancōrem (accusative singular)
rancōrēs (accusative plural)
rancōre (ablative singular)
rancōribus (ablative plural)
rancor (singular vocative)
rancōrēs (plural vocative)

Portuguese: rancor

Spanish: rencor

Catalan: rancor

Galician: rancor

Occitan: rancur

Old French: rancor, rancure

Dutch: rankeur

English: rancor, rancour

French: rancœur, rancune

Italian: rancore

From ranceō (“to be rotten, putrid”) + -or (“-ness”, abstract noun suffix).


tessaracoste

la-noun

tessaracostē f (genitive tessaracostēs); first declension

tessaracostē (canonical feminine)
tessaracostēs (genitive)
tessaracostē (nominative singular)
tessaracostae (nominative plural)
tessaracostēs (genitive singular)
tessaracostārum (genitive plural)
tessaracostae (dative singular)
tessaracostīs (dative plural)
tessaracostēn (accusative singular)
tessaracostās (accusative plural)
tessaracostē (ablative singular)
tessaracostīs (ablative plural)
tessaracostē (singular vocative)
tessaracostae (plural vocative)

[t̪ɛs̠ːäräˈkɔs̠t̪eː]

From Ancient Greek τεσσαρακοστή (tessarakostḗ).

der

τεσσαρακοστή


folium

la-noun

folium n (genitive foliī or folī); second declension

foliī (genitive)
folī (genitive)
folium (nominative singular)
folia (nominative plural)
foliī (genitive singular)
folī (genitive singular)
foliōrum (genitive plural)
foliō (dative singular)
foliīs (dative plural)
folium (accusative singular)
folia (accusative plural)
foliō (ablative singular)
foliīs (ablative plural)
folium (singular vocative)
folia (plural vocative)

Aragonese: fuella

Aromanian: foalji

Asturian: fueya

Catalan: full, fulla; → foli

Dalmatian: fualja

→ English: folio, folium (learned)

Franco-Provençal: fôlye

Old French: fueille (see there for further descendants)

→ French: feuille

Istro-Romanian: foľe

Italian: foglia, foglio

Neapolitan: fuoglio

Norman: fielle

Northern Italo-Romance:

Friulian: fuee

Piedmontese: feuj

Romagnol: fój (Central Romagnol)

Romansch: fegl, figl, föglia

Venetan: fogia, foja, fogio, fojo

Occitan: fuèlh, fuèlha, huelha

Portuguese: folho; → fólio

Romanian: foaie; → foliu

Sardinian: fógiu, fògia, folla, foza

Sicilian: fogghia, fogghiu

Spanish: hoja; → folio

Walloon: foye

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰolh₃yom (“leaf”), from *bʰleh₃- (“blossom, flower”), and thus an exact cognate of Ancient Greek φῠ́λλον (phŭ́llon).
An alternative theory, favored by Driessen and De Vaan, derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *dʰolyom, from *dʰelh₁- (“be green”), whence Middle Irish duille, Welsh dail, Ancient Greek θάλλω (thállō, “to bloom”), Old Armenian դալար (dalar, “green, fresh”), Albanian dal (“to exit, go out”).


ignivagus

la-adj

ignivagus (feminine ignivaga, neuter ignivagum); first/second-declension adjective

ignivaga (feminine)
ignivagum (neuter)
ignivagus (masculine nominative singular)
ignivaga (feminine nominative singular)
ignivagum (neuter nominative singular)
ignivagī (masculine nominative singular)
ignivagae (feminine nominative plural)
ignivaga (neuter nominative plural)
ignivagī (genitive masculine singular)
ignivagae (feminine genitive singular)
ignivagī (genitive neuter singular)
ignivagōrum (genitive masculine singular)
ignivagārum (feminine genitive plural)
ignivagōrum (genitive neuter plural)
ignivagō (dative masculine singular)
ignivagae (dative feminine singular)
ignivagō (dative neuter singular)
ignivagīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
ignivagum (accusative masculine singular)
ignivagam (accusative feminine singular)
ignivagum (accusative neuter singular)
ignivagōs (accusative masculine singular)
ignivagās (accusative feminine plural)
ignivaga (accusative neuter plural)
ignivagō (ablative masculine singular)
ignivagā (ablative feminine singular)
ignivagō (ablative neuter singular)
ignivagīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
ignivage (masculine singular vocative)
ignivaga (feminine singular vocative)
ignivagum (neuter singular vocative)
ignivagī (masculine singular vocative)
ignivagae (feminine plural vocative)
ignivaga (neuter plural vocative)

[ɪŋˈniu̯äɡʊs̠]

From ignis (“fire”) + vagus (“wandering”).

(Late Latin) spreading like fire; like wildfire


eques

la-noun

eques m (genitive equitis); third declension

equitis (genitive)
eques (nominative singular)
equitēs (nominative plural)
equitis (genitive singular)
equitum (genitive plural)
equitī (dative singular)
equitibus (dative plural)
equitem (accusative singular)
equitēs (accusative plural)
equite (ablative singular)
equitibus (ablative plural)
eques (singular vocative)
equitēs (plural vocative)

From equus (“horse”) + -es (“-faring”). Compare pedes, mīles for similar formations.


baptizo

la-verb

baptizō (present infinitive baptizāre, perfect active baptizāvī, supine baptizātum); first conjugation

baptizō (canonical)
baptizāre (infinitive present)
baptizāvī (active perfect)
baptizātum (supine)
baptizō (active first-person indicative present singular)
baptizās (active indicative present second-person singular)
baptizat (active indicative present singular third-person)
baptizāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
baptizātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
baptizant (active indicative plural present third-person)
baptizābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
baptizābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
baptizābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
baptizābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
baptizābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
baptizābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
baptizābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
baptizābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
baptizābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
baptizābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
baptizābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
baptizābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
baptizāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
baptizāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
baptizāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
baptizāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
baptizāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
baptizāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
baptizāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
baptizāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
baptizāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
baptizāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
baptizāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
baptizāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
baptizāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
baptizāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
baptizāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
baptizāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
baptizāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
baptizāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
baptizāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
baptizor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
baptizāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
baptizāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
baptizātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
baptizāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
baptizāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
baptizantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
baptizābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
baptizābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
baptizābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
baptizābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
baptizābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
baptizābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
baptizābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
baptizābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
baptizābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
baptizāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
baptizābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
baptizābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
baptizābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
baptizābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
baptizem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
baptizēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
baptizet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
baptizēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
baptizētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
baptizent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
baptizārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
baptizārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
baptizāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
baptizārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
baptizārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
baptizārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
baptizāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
baptizāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
baptizāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
baptizāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
baptizāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
baptizāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
baptizāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
baptizāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
baptizāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
baptizāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
baptizāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
baptizāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
baptizer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
baptizēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
baptizēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
baptizētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
baptizēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
baptizēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
baptizentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
baptizārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
baptizārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
baptizārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
baptizārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
baptizārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
baptizārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
baptizārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
baptizā (active imperative present second-person singular)
baptizāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
baptizātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
baptizātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
baptizātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
baptizantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
baptizāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
baptizāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
baptizātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
baptizātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
baptizantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
baptizāre (active infinitive present)
baptizārī (infinitive passive present)
baptizāns (active participle present)
baptizātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
baptizātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
baptizātūrus (active future participle)
baptizandus (future participle passive)
baptizāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
baptizātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
baptizātus (participle passive perfect)
baptizātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
baptizātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
baptizandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
baptizandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
baptizandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
baptizandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
baptizātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
baptizātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: pãtedz, pãtidzari

Istro-Romanian: botez

Megleno-Romanian: batiz, bătizari

Romanian: boteza, botezare

→ Albanian: pagëzoj

Italo-Romance:

Italian: battezzare

Sicilian: vattijari

Padanian:

Emilian: batsar, batesar

Friulian: batiâ

Lombard: batesar, batsar; batagiär (Alpine)

Piedmontese: batié, batsé, batesé

desc

Venetan: batizxar, batixar, batezar, batidar

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: bapteyér

Old French: batoyer → baptoier (semi-learned)

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: batejar, bateiar (northwestern), batiar (balear)

Occitan: batejar (most dialects)

Gascon: batiar

Vivaro-Alpine: bateiar

Ibero-Romance:

Old Spanish: batear → baptear (semi-learned)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: batiài, batiare, batigiare

Borrowings:

desctree

→ Old French: baptisier
Middle French: baptiser, baptizer
French: baptiser
→ Franco-Provençal: baptisiér
Jersey Norman: bâptîsi
→ Middle English: baptisen, baptis, baptise, baptisi, baptize, baptizen
English: baptize, baptise
Scots: bapteese

Semi-learned Iberian forms:

→ Aragonese: baltizar

→ Asturian: bautizar

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: batiçar

→ Portuguese: batizar

→ Old Spanish: baptizar

Spanish: bautizar

→ Galician: bautizar

[bäpˈt̪ɪz̪d̪͡z̪oː]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βαπτίζω (baptízō, “to dip, plunge”).

bor+

(Late Latin) to dip or bathe in water
(Ecclesiastical Latin) to baptize


-a

-ae (genitive)
-a (nominative singular)
-ae (nominative plural)
-ae (genitive singular)
-ārum (genitive plural)
-ae (dative singular)
-īs (dative plural)
-am (accusative singular)
-ās (accusative plural)
-ā (ablative singular)
-īs (ablative plural)
-a (singular vocative)
-ae (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *-ā, from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ (suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender). For the use to form masculine agent nouns from verb roots, compare Latin poeta from Ancient Greek ποιητής (poiētḗs).

inh

lendis, lendin- f + -a → lendina f

pūlex, pūlic- m + -a → *pūlica f

suffix used to form feminine first-declension nouns

(Late Latin) added to the stem of a third-declension noun to adapt its inflection to that of a feminine first-declension noun


disco

la-verb

discō (present infinitive discere, perfect active didicī, supine discitum); third conjugation

discō (canonical)
discere (infinitive present)
didicī (active perfect)
discitum (supine)
discō (active first-person indicative present singular)
discis (active indicative present second-person singular)
discit (active indicative present singular third-person)
discimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
discitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
discunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
discēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
discēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
discēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
discēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
discēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
discēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
discam (active first-person future indicative singular)
discēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
discet (active future indicative singular third-person)
discēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
discētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
discent (active future indicative plural third-person)
didicī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
didicistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
didicit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
didicimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
didicistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
didicēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
didicērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
didiceram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
didicerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
didicerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
didicerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
didicerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
didicerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
didicerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
didiceris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
didicerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
didicerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
didiceritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
didicerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
discor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
discere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
disceris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
discitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
discimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
disciminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
discuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
discēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
discēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
discēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
discēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
discēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
discēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
discēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
discar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
discēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
discēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
discētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
discēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
discēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
discentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
discam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
discās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
discat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
discāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
discātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
discant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
discerem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
discerēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
disceret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
discerēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
discerētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
discerent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
didicerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
didicerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
didicerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
didicerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
didicerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
didicerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
didicissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
didicissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
didicisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
didicissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
didicissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
didicissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
discar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
discāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
discāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
discātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
discāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
discāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
discantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
discerer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
discerēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
discerēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
discerētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
discerēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
discerēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
discerentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
disce (active imperative present second-person singular)
discite (active imperative plural present second-person)
discitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
discitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
discitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
discuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
discere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
disciminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
discitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
discitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
discuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
discere (active infinitive present)
discī (infinitive passive present)
discēns (active participle present)
discitūrum esse (active future infinitive)
discitum īrī (future infinitive passive)
discitūrus (active future participle)
discendus (future participle passive)
discundus (future participle passive)
didicisse (active infinitive perfect)
discitum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
discitus (participle passive perfect)
discitum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
discitūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
discendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
discendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
discendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
discendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
discitum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
discitū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *dɨskɨd

Breton: deskiñ

Cornish: dyski

Welsh: dysgu

From Proto-Italic *diskō, from earlier *dikskō, from Proto-Indo-European *di-dḱ-ské-ti, a reduplicated durative, inchoative and suffixed verb from the root *deḱ- (“to take”). From the same root as doceō; unrelated to discipulus.
Cognates include Ancient Greek δέχομαι (dékhomai), whereas δαῆναι (daênai) is attributed to another root, *dens-, together with δεδαώς (dedaṓs), δήνεα (dḗnea) and διδάσκω (didáskō).


levir

la-noun

lēvir m (genitive lēvirī); second declension

lēvir (canonical masculine)
lēvirī (genitive)
lēvir (nominative singular)
lēvirī (nominative plural)
lēvirī (genitive singular)
lēvirōrum (genitive plural)
lēvirō (dative singular)
lēvirīs (dative plural)
lēvirum (accusative singular)
lēvirōs (accusative plural)
lēvirō (ablative singular)
lēvirīs (ablative plural)
lēvir (singular vocative)
lēvirī (plural vocative)

→ English: levir, ⇒ levirate (learned)

From Proto-Indo-European *dayh₂wḗr (“one's brother-in-law”). For initial l- compare lingua, lacrima. The expected *-ver was possibly altered under the influence of vir (“man”).

der

Coordinate term: glōs f


socrus

la-noun

socrus f (genitive socrūs); fourth declension

socrūs (genitive)
socrus (nominative singular)
socrūs (nominative plural)
socrūs (genitive singular)
socruum (genitive plural)
socruī (dative singular)
socribus (dative plural)
socrum (accusative singular)
socrūs (accusative plural)
socrū (ablative singular)
socribus (ablative plural)
socrus (singular vocative)
socrūs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *swekrus, earlier *swekrū, from Proto-Indo-European *sweḱrúh₂ (“mother-in-law”).


socrus

socrus m (genitive socrī); second declension

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: socru

Romanian: socru

Italo-Romance:

Neapolitan:

suecru (Apulia)

suocro (Basilicata, Campania)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: socru, sorgu

North Italian:

Romansch: sir, sör

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: suire m

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: sogre

Occitan: sògre

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: suegru

Galician: sogro

Portuguese: sogro

Spanish: suegro

Masculine counterpart to socra. Attested in late glosses and inscriptions from North Africa.


editor

ēditor m (genitive ēditōris); third declension

ēditor (canonical masculine)
ēditōris (genitive)
ēditor (nominative singular)
ēditōrēs (nominative plural)
ēditōris (genitive singular)
ēditōrum (genitive plural)
ēditōrī (dative singular)
ēditōribus (dative plural)
ēditōrem (accusative singular)
ēditōrēs (accusative plural)
ēditōre (ablative singular)
ēditōribus (ablative plural)
ēditor (singular vocative)
ēditōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: editor

Galician: editor

Italian: editore

Portuguese: editor

Spanish: editor


epiglottis

epiglōttis f (genitive epiglōttidis); third declension

epiglōttis (canonical feminine)
epiglōttidis (genitive)
epiglōttis (nominative singular)
epiglōttidēs (nominative plural)
epiglōttidis (genitive singular)
epiglōttidum (genitive plural)
epiglōttidī (dative singular)
epiglōttidibus (dative plural)
epiglōttidem (accusative singular)
epiglōttidēs (accusative plural)
epiglōttide (ablative singular)
epiglōttidibus (ablative plural)
epiglōttis (singular vocative)
epiglōttidēs (plural vocative)

→ English: epiglottis

→ Irish: eipeaglotas

→ Italian: epiglottide

[ɛpɪˈɡɫ̪oːt̪ːɪs̠]

From Ancient Greek ἐπῐγλωττῐ́ς (epĭglōttĭ́s, “valve covering the larynx”), from ἐπῐ- (epĭ-, “upon, over”) + γλωττῐ́ς (glōttĭ́s, “glottis, mouth of the windpipe”).


clima

la-noun

clima n (genitive climatis); third declension

climatis (genitive)
clima (nominative singular)
climata (nominative plural)
climatis (genitive singular)
climatum (genitive plural)
climatī (dative singular)
climatibus (dative plural)
clima (accusative singular)
climata (accusative plural)
climate (ablative singular)
climatibus (ablative plural)
clima (singular vocative)
climata (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek κλῐ́μᾰ (klĭ́mă, “region, zone of latitude”, originally “slope”), from κλῐ́νω (klĭ́nō, “I slope, incline”).


Biblia

la-prop

Biblia n pl (genitive Bibliōrum); second declension

Bibliōrum (genitive)
Biblia (nominative plural)
Bibliōrum (genitive plural)
Bibliīs (dative plural)
Biblia (accusative plural)
Bibliīs (ablative plural)
Biblia (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βῐβλῐ́ᾰ (bĭblĭ́ă, plural of βῐβλῐ́ον (bĭblĭ́on, “document; book”)).

bor+

plural of <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">βῐβλῐ́ον</i> (bĭblĭ́on, “document; book”)


-o

-ō (canonical masculine)
-ōnis (genitive)
-ō (nominative singular)
-ōnēs (nominative plural)
-ōnis (genitive singular)
-ōnum (genitive plural)
-ōnī (dative singular)
-ōnibus (dative plural)
-ōnem (accusative singular)
-ōnēs (accusative plural)
-ōne (ablative singular)
-ōnibus (ablative plural)
-ō (singular vocative)
-ōnēs (plural vocative)

Franco-Provençal: -on

French: -on
→ English: -oon

Italian: -one

Portuguese: -ão

Romanian: -oi, -oni

Sicilian: -uni, -una

Spanish: -ón

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-h₃onh₂-der.
Latin -o
From Proto-Indo-European *-h₃onh₂- (with nominative ō made common to all cases). Etymologically, it forms part of the abstract noun suffixes -iō f, -tiō f, -āgō f, -īgō f, -ūgō f, -tūdō f, -ēdō f, but synchronically, these have become differentiated in Latin: abstract nouns in -ō are regularly feminine (and those that end in a consonant + -ō show -in- rather than -ōn- in oblique cases), whereas non-abstract nouns in -ō, -ōnis are typically masculine.

etymon

Used to form masculine nouns with various meanings:

(Late Latin) also used as an ending for some inanimate nouns.


salvo

la-verb

salvō (present infinitive salvāre, perfect active salvāvī, supine salvātum); first conjugation

salvō (canonical)
salvāre (infinitive present)
salvāvī (active perfect)
salvātum (supine)
salvō (active first-person indicative present singular)
salvās (active indicative present second-person singular)
salvat (active indicative present singular third-person)
salvāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
salvātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
salvant (active indicative plural present third-person)
salvābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
salvābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
salvābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
salvābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
salvābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
salvābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
salvābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
salvābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
salvābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
salvābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
salvābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
salvābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
salvāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
salvāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
salvāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
salvāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
salvāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
salvāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
salvāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
salvāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
salvāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
salvāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
salvāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
salvāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
salvāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
salvāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
salvāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
salvāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
salvāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
salvāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
salvāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
salvor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
salvāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
salvāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
salvātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
salvāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
salvāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
salvantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
salvābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
salvābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
salvābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
salvābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
salvābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
salvābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
salvābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
salvābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
salvābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
salvāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
salvābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
salvābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
salvābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
salvābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
salvem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
salvēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
salvet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
salvēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
salvētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
salvent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
salvārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
salvārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
salvāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
salvārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
salvārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
salvārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
salvāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
salvāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
salvāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
salvāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
salvāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
salvāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
salvāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
salvāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
salvāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
salvāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
salvāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
salvāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
salver (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
salvēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
salvēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
salvētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
salvēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
salvēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
salventur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
salvārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
salvārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
salvārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
salvārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
salvārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
salvārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
salvārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
salvā (active imperative present second-person singular)
salvāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
salvātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
salvātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
salvātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
salvantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
salvāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
salvāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
salvātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
salvātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
salvantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
salvāre (active infinitive present)
salvārī (infinitive passive present)
salvāns (active participle present)
salvātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
salvātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
salvātūrus (active future participle)
salvandus (future participle passive)
salvāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
salvātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
salvātus (participle passive perfect)
salvātum fore (future infinitive passive perfect)
salvātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
salvandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
salvandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
salvandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
salvandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
salvātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
salvātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Catalan: salvar

desctree

Old French: sauver, salvar (Oaths of Strasbourg), salver
Middle French: saulver
French: sauver
Norman: sauver (Jersey)
→ Middle English: saven
English: save
Geordie English: syev
Scots: safe, sauf

Friulian: salvâ

Istriot: salvà

Italian: salvare

Occitan: salvar

Piedmontese: salvé

Polish: salwa

Portuguese: salvar

Romanian: salva

Romansch: salvar, salver

desc

Sardinian: salvai, salvare, sarbai, sarbare, sarvai, sarvare

Sicilian: sarbari

Spanish: salvar

Venetan: salvar

→ Albanian: shëlboj

→ English: salve (“to save, resolve, mitigate”)

[ˈs̠äɫ̪u̯oː]

a. 430, Augustinus, Sermo XVII
Non enim amat Deus damnare sed salvare.

For God loves not to condemn but to save.


quod

Aromanian: cã, che

Dalmatian: co

Old Neapolitan: ko (Placiti Cassinesi)

Romanian: că

Romansch: cu

Inflection of quī (“who, which”), corresponding to Proto-Indo-European *kʷod, whence also Old English hwæt (English what).

13th century, “Dies Irae”
Recordare, Jesu pie, quod sum causa tuae viae

Remember, holy Jesus, that I am the reason for your journey.

(Late Latin, Medieval Latin) that (in indirect speech)


situs

la-noun

situs m (genitive sitūs); fourth declension

sitūs (genitive)
situs (nominative singular)
sitūs (nominative plural)
sitūs (genitive singular)
situum (genitive plural)
situī (dative singular)
sitibus (dative plural)
situm (accusative singular)
sitūs (accusative plural)
sitū (ablative singular)
sitibus (ablative plural)
situs (singular vocative)
sitūs (plural vocative)

Catalan: siti

→ English: situs, in situ

Old French: site

French: site

→ Middle English: site

→ English: site

→ Indonesian: situs (learned)

Italian: sito

Portuguese: sítio

Spanish: sitio

Perfect passive participle of sinō (“put, lay, set down; usually let, suffer, permit”).


synecdoche

synecdochē f (genitive synecdochēs); first declension

synecdochē (canonical feminine)
synecdochēs (genitive)
synecdochē (nominative singular)
synecdochae (nominative plural)
synecdochēs (genitive singular)
synecdochārum (genitive plural)
synecdochae (dative singular)
synecdochīs (dative plural)
synecdochēn (accusative singular)
synecdochās (accusative plural)
synecdochē (ablative singular)
synecdochīs (ablative plural)
synecdochē (singular vocative)
synecdochae (plural vocative)

→ Dutch: synecdoche

→ English: synecdoche

→ Esperanto: sinekdoĥo

→ Finnish: synekdokee

→ French: synecdoque

→ German: Synekdoche

→ Italian: sineddoche

→ Portuguese: sinédoque

→ Romanian: sinecdocă

→ Spanish: sinécdoque

[s̠ʏˈnɛɡd̪ɔkʰeː]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek συνεκδοχή (sunekdokhḗ, “receiving together”) from σύν (sún, “with”) + ἐκ (ek, “out of”) + δέχεσθαι (dékhesthai, “to accept”), this last element related to δοκέω (dokéō, “to think, suppose, seem”).

bor

(Late Latin) (rhetoric) synecdoche (certain type of metaphor)


valor

la-noun

valor m (genitive valōris); third declension

valōris (genitive)
valor (nominative singular)
valōrēs (nominative plural)
valōris (genitive singular)
valōrum (genitive plural)
valōrī (dative singular)
valōribus (dative plural)
valōrem (accusative singular)
valōrēs (accusative plural)
valōre (ablative singular)
valōribus (ablative plural)
valor (singular vocative)
valōrēs (plural vocative)

Albanian: vlerë

Asturian: valor

Catalan: valor

English: valor, valour

French: valeur f

Friulian: valôr

Galician: valor

Interlingua: valor

Italian: valore

Norman: valeu

Ladin: valor

Occitan: valor

Portuguese: valor

Romanian: valoare

Romansch: valur, valour

Sardinian: balore, valore

Sicilian: valuri

Spanish: valor

→ Cebuano: balor

→ Tagalog: balor

Found in Late Latin, from valeō (“I am worth, I am strong”) + -or. Compare with the classical valētūdō.


cuppa

Contraction of cup of (with “tea” or sometimes “coffee” implied). See also a (“of”), pinta (“pint of milk”).

And he orders a cuppa cawfee. “A cuppa cawfee and what else?” I says to him.

1940, The New Yorker, Volume 16, Part 1, page 22:

I just felt like I wanted another cuppa coffee and I told her so;[…]and before I could get just one more cuppa coffee it was seven-fifty!

1997, Sinclair Lewis, edited by Anthony Di Renzo, Commutation: $9.17: If I Were Boss: The Early Business Stories of Sinclair Lewis:

“That′s a new line, isn′t it? Come up to my suite for a cuppa coffee.”

2008, Frank Deford, The Entitled: A Tale of Modern Baseball, page 204:

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


aeon

aeōn m (genitive aeōnis); third declension

aeōn (canonical masculine)
aeōnis (genitive)
aeōn (nominative singular)
aeōnēs (nominative plural)
aeōnis (genitive singular)
aeōnum (genitive plural)
aeōnī (dative singular)
aeōnibus (dative plural)
aeōnem (accusative singular)
aeōnēs (accusative plural)
aeōne (ablative singular)
aeōnibus (ablative plural)
aeōn (singular vocative)
aeōnēs (plural vocative)

Spanish: eón

French: éon

Italian: eone

→ English: eon, aeon

Borrowed from Ancient Greek αἰών (aiṓn, “age, eternity”).


benefactor

la-noun

benefactor m (genitive benefactōris); third declension

benefactōris (genitive)
benefactor (nominative singular)
benefactōrēs (nominative plural)
benefactōris (genitive singular)
benefactōrum (genitive plural)
benefactōrī (dative singular)
benefactōribus (dative plural)
benefactōrem (accusative singular)
benefactōrēs (accusative plural)
benefactōre (ablative singular)
benefactōribus (ablative plural)
benefactor (singular vocative)
benefactōrēs (plural vocative)

French: bienfaiteur

Friulian: benfatôr

Galician: benfeitor

Italian: benefattore

Norman: beinfaiteur

Old Catalan: benfaytor

Portuguese: benfeitor

Romanian: binefăcător

Sicilian: benifatturi

Spanish: bienhechor

Venetan: benefator

→ Catalan: benefactor

→ English: benefactor

→ Spanish: benefactor

(Late Latin) benefactor; one who confers a favour