من

مَن (canonical)
man (romanization)
مو (alternative dialectal)
مه (alternative dialectal)

From Middle Persian 𐫖𐫗 (man, “me (early), I (later)”) from Old Persian 𐎶𐎴 (m-n /mana/, “me”) from Proto-Iranian *máHm from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máHm (“accusative singular of *aȷ́ʰám”). Cognate with Sanskrit मा (mā, “me”), Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬀 (mana, “me”), Ancient Greek ἐμέ (emé, “accusative of "ἐγώ"”), and Latin me (“accusative of "ego"”).

cog

من رفتم.

او من را دید.


או

נכרדה או וֿפֿא בא אהל דווראן
שכסתה צד הזאראן עהד ופיימאן

1600s, Elisha ben Shmūel, translated by Dalia Yasharpour, The Prince and the Sufi: The Judeo-Persian Rendition of the Buddha Biographies, Brill, published November 9, 2020:

She has never been faithful to people of the world,
Breaking countless promises and pacts.

na-karde u vafâ bâ ahl-e dowrân
šekaste sad hezârân ahd o peymân


מן

צֿנאן גשתה וֿגִודש פיש מן כֿאר
כה פנדארם כם אז כלבסת צד באר

His existence for me has become so base
That I view him infinitely lower than a dog.

čenin gašte vojud-aš piš-e man xâr
ke pendâram kam az kalb ast sad bâr


شما

head

شُما • (šomâ)

From Middle Persian ʾšmʾ, ʿšmʾ (ašmā, išmā, “you”), from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs (“you (plural)”). Compare Southern Luri ایسا (īsâ, “you”) and Bakhtiari ایسا (īsâ, “you”).

inh

you (formal, polite, and grammatically plural)


تو

From Middle Persian 𐭫𐭪 (LK /tō/, “you, thou”), from Old Persian (compare 𐎬𐎺𐎶 (tuvam)), from Proto-Iranian *tuHám (compare Northern Kurdish tu, Pashto ته (tə), Avestan 𐬙𐬏𐬨 (tūm)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tuHám, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.


کی

ki (romanization)
که (alternative archaic)

شما کی هستین؟


ما

From Middle Persian 𐭫𐭭𐭤 (LNE /amāh/, “we, us”), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎶𐎠𐎧𐎶 (amāxam) (genitive plural form of the first person plural pronoun), ultimately from the variant *mey of Proto-Indo-European *wéy. Compare Proto-Slavic *my, Lithuanian mẽs and Old Armenian մեք (mekʻ).

we, us; the first-person plural pronoun.


هم

ham (romanization)
ـم (alternative colloquial)

→ Armenian: համ (ham, “and, both”)

→ Bashkir: һәм (həm, “and”)

→ Tatar: һәм (häm, “and”)

→ Iraqi Arabic: هم (“still”)

desctree

→ Old Anatolian Turkish: هَمْ (häm)
Azerbaijani: həm
Gagauz: hem
Ottoman Turkish: هم (hem)
Turkish: hem

From Middle Persian hm (ham, “also, same”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (h-m /ham(a)/, “same, together”), from Proto-Iranian *hamHáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samHás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”). Compare Sanskrit सम (sama), English same.

inherited

همدیگر همدیگر#Persian


مو

(dialectal, Mashhad, Bushehr, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) alternative form of من (man)


چه

شهر اصفهان چه زیباست!


مه

Borrowed from French mai, from Latin (mēnsis) Māius.


مه

From Middle Persian 𐫖𐫏𐫆 (myẖ /meh/), from Proto-Iranian *majā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *maȷ́ʰā́, from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (“great”). Cognate with English mickle, much, Latin magnus.


مه

From Middle Persian 𐫖𐫀 (mʾ /ma/), from Old Persian 𐎶𐎠 (m-a /mā/), from Proto-Iranian *máH, Proto-Indo-Iranian *maH, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁.

prohibitive particle
میازار موری که دانهکش است که جان دارد و جان شیرین خوش است
mayâzâr muri ke dâne-keš ast ke jân dârad o jâne širin xoš ast
Do not harass the ant that carries the seed, for it has life, and sweet life is happiness


آن‌ها

head

آنها • (ân-hâ)

آنها (canonical)
ân-hâ (romanization)
آنها (alternative)
اونها (alternative)
اونا (alternative)


ایشان

ایشان • (išân)

→ Azerbaijani: işan

desctree

→ Chagatai: ایشان
Uyghur: ئىشان (ishan)
Uzbek: eshon

→ Chinese:

zh-l

依禪／依禅 (yīchán)

Mandarin: 依禪／依禅 (yīchán)

→ English: ishan

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: ایشان (eśān)

→ Kazakh: ишан (işan)

→ Kyrgyz: эшен (eşen)

→ Ottoman Turkish: ایشان

Turkish: işan

→ Russian: иша́н (išán)

→ Tatar: ишан (işan)

→ Turkmen: işan

they (with an animate, rational referent)


آن

From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭭 (ān, “that, he”).


آن

head

آن • (ân) (plural آنها, human plural آنان)


کسی

کَسی (canonical)
kasi (romanization)
kasē (romanization)

Derived from Classical Persian کس (kas, “person”) + ـی (-ē, indefinitive suffix).

af

این کسی دیدست کز یک راویه / سرد گردد سوز چندان هاویه

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 3184:

Has any one seen [such a wonder as] this, that the burning glow of so many Hells should be cooled by a single water-skin?

in kasi did[e]-ast k-az yek râviye / sard gardad suz-e čandân hâviye


چی

či (romanization)
چه (alternative formal literary standard)

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭤 (čē [ME], “what, which”).

inh

راجع به هر چی فکر کرده بودم، راجع به مردن فکر نکرده بودم.

râje' be har či fekr karde budam, râje' be mordan fekr nakarde budam.

Whatever I had thought about, I hadn't thought about dying.

(interrogative, colloquial, in formal prose dated or Dari) what?


چیزی

head

چیزی • (čizê)


یکی

From Classical Persian یک (yak, “one”) + ـی (-ē, “indefinite suffix”).

one (The first mentioned of two things or people, as opposed to the other.)


همه

From Middle Persian hmʾk' (hamāg, “all”), from Proto-Iranian *hama-ka-, from Proto-Iranian *ham- (“together”). Akin to Old Armenian համակ (hamak), an Iranian borrowing. Compare Central Kurdish ھەموو (hemû) and Northern Kurdish hemû, hemî.


همه

→ Salar: hemme

→ Uzbek: hamma

→ Uyghur: ھەممە (hemme)

همهٔ ما خیلی خوشحالیم.

همهٔ این کتابا رو خوندهام.

و اگر همه درختان روی زمین قلم شود

(Can we date this quote?), Ayatollah Naser Makarem Shirazi, “Surah Luqman, 31:27”, in Translation of the Qur'an:

and if all the trees on the earth were to become pens

va agar hame-ye deraxtân-e ru-ye zamin qalam šavad


آنها

آنها • (ân-hâ)

آنها آنها#Persian


کلیه

→ Urdu: کلیہ (kulliya)

Borrowed from Arabic كُلِّيَّة (kulliyya).


هیچ‌کس

هیچکس (canonical)
hič-kas (romanization)
هیچکی (alternative)
هیشکی (alternative)


کدام

head

کدام • (kodâm)

kodâm (romanization)
کدوم (alternative Tehrani dialectal)
کدم (alternative)
کدو (alternative)
کمو (alternative Dashtestan Khesht Konartakhteh dialectal)
کم (alternative Dashtestan Khesht Konartakhteh dialectal)

[kʰʊ.d̪ɑ́ːm]

[kʰʊ.d̪ɑ́ːm]

[kʰʊ.d̪ɑ́ːm]

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷi-, *kʷo-. See there for cognates.

کدام خانه مال شماست؟

کُدام خانه مال شماست


کم

کدام کدام#Persian

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh) alternative form of کدام (kodâm, “which”)


بنده

fa-noun

بَنْدِه • (bande)

بَنْدِه (canonical)
bande (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: bəndə

→ Bashkir: бәндә (bəndə)

→ Bengali: বান্দা (banda)

→ Chagatai: بنده

Uyghur: بەندە (bende)

Uzbek: banda

→ Gujarati: બંદો (bando)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बंदा (bandā)

Urdu: بَنْدَہ (banda)

→ Kazakh: пенде (pende)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بنده (bende)

Turkish: bende

→ Pashto: بنده (banda)

→ Punjabi:

→ Gurmukhi script: ਬੰਦਾ (bandā)

→ Shahmukhi script: بَنْدَہ (banda)

→ Turkmen: bende

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bndk' /bandag/), from Old Persian 𐎲𐎭𐎣 (badaka). Compare Sanskrit बन्धक (bandhaka). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”).
By surface analysis, بند (band, present stem of بستن (bastan, “to bind”)) + ـه (-e).

surf

بند
<pos:present stem of <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">بستن</i> (bastan, “to bind”)>

نمیخواهم سلیمی پادشاهی بندهٔ یارم
که من شاهنشهی از بندگی خویشتن دارم

c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 211:

I, Selim, do not want the kingdom; I am the beloved's servant,
For I have an empire out of my own servitude.

na-mē-xwāham salīmī pādišāhī banda-yi yāram
ki man šāhinšahī az bandagī-yi xwēštan dāram


بنده

head

بَنْدِه • (bande)


جناب عالی

-e (romanization)
جنابعالی (alternative)
جنابعالی (alternative)


بعضی

→ Azerbaijani: bəzi

→ Ottoman Turkish: بعضی

Turkish: bazı

→ Laz: ბაზი (bazi)

→ Uzbek: ba'zi

→ Uyghur: بەزى (bezi)

لیک هم بعضی از این هر دو اثر / شرح باید کرد یعنی نفع و ضر

c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 1710:

But still, some of these two [diverse] effects must be explained—that is, the benefit and injury [which they involve]—

lēk ham ba'zē az īn har dū asar / šarh bāyad kard ya'nē naf' u zarr


آنان

آنان • (ânân)

From آن (ân, “he; she; it”) + ـان (-ân, plural suffix for animate nouns).

af

(somewhat literary) they, those people (specifically of humans)


خود

→ Assamese: খোদ (khüd)

→ Armenian: Խոդ (Xod)

→ Bengali: খোদ (khōd)

→ Gilaki: خود (xud)

→ Gujarati: ખુદ (khud)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ख़ुद (xud)

Urdu: خود (xud)

→ Southern Kurdish: خوِد (xwid)

→ Marathi: खुद्द (khudda)

→ Pashto: خود (xud)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੁਦ (xud)

Shahmukhi script: خود (xod)

From Middle Persian BNPŠE, 𐭡𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwad), from Old Persian *hvatah. Related to خدا (xodâ, “God”).

مادر خود را نمیشناسی؟

مادر خودت رو نمیشناسی؟

(emphatic) one's own (in possessive constructions)


جناب آقای

(formal, deferential) his Excellency (Used when addressing a male with high status in a formal way.)


سرکار خانم

(formal, deferential) honored ma'am (Used when addressing a female with high status in a formal way.)


یو

آخو یونم نومه سی بچهشو هشتنه؟.

Is this a name at all that they gave to their child? : What kind of name is this that they gave to their child?.


کدم

کدام کدام#Persian

(dialectal, Shiraz) alternative form of کدام (kodâm, “which”)


کمو

کدام کدام#Persian

(dialectal, Khesht, Konartakhteh, Dashtestan) alternative form of کدام (kodâm, “which”)


یکدیگر

yekdigar (romanization)
یکدیگه (alternative Tehrani colloquial)

From یک (yek, “one”) + دیگر (digar, “another”).


همدیگر

hamdigar (romanization)
همدیگه (alternative)

[ʔäm.d̪iː.ɡäɾ]


همدیگه

همدیگر همدیگر#Persian


چه کسی

head

چه کسی • (če kasi)


همه‌چیز

همهچیز (canonical)
hame-čiz (romanization)


این‌ها

اینها • (in-hâ)

اینها (canonical)
in-hâ (romanization)
اینها (alternative)
اینا (alternative)


هر دو

هر دومان از خواندن کتاب را خوشمان میآید.

Har do-emân az xândan-e ketâb râ xošemân mi-âyad.

هر دو مرد زنان زیبا دارند.


هیچ‌کدام

هیچکدام • (hič-kodâm)

هیچکدام (canonical)
hič-kodâm (romanization)
هیچکدوم (alternative colloquial)

[ʔeːt͡ʃ.kʰʊ.d̪ɑːm]

کدومیکی از اینا رو میخوای؟ / هیچکدوم.

kodum-yeki az inâ-ro mi-xâi? / hič-kodum.


خویش

fa-noun

خویش • (xwēš / xiš)

→ Azerbaijani: xiş

→ Bengali: খেশ (kheś)

→ Chagatai: خویش

Uzbek: xesh

→ Hindustani:

Urdu: خویش (xeś)

→ Ottoman Turkish: خویش

Turkish: hiş

From Middle Persian NPŠE / 𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwēš), from Old Persian [script needed] (ʰuvāipašiyam), a compound from Proto-Iranian *hwaypaθyah, with the phonetic change resulting in unattested but assumed Middle Persian *xwēbš > xwēš.
The first element of the compound is akin to Old Persian [script needed] (huva), from Proto-Iranian *hwáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swás (“reflexive pronoun”), from Proto-Indo-European *swós. (compare Persian خود (xwad /xod, “self”))


برخی

From بَرخ (barx, “fraction, portion”) + ـی (-i).

af

فقط برای برخی موارد خاص


هرکس

→ Azerbaijani: hər kəs

→ Ottoman Turkish: هركس (herkes)

Turkish: herkes

From هر (har, “each, every”) + کس (kas, “person”).


هیچ کدام

head

هیچ کدام • (hič kodâm)

هیچکدام هیچکدام#Persian

alternative spelling of هیچکدام (hič-kodâm, “none”)


هر چیز

هر چیز • (har čiz)

[häɾ t͡ʃʰiːz]

[häɾ t͡ʃʰiːz]

[ʔäɾ t͡ʃʰiːz]

[ʔäɾ t͡ʃʰiz]

[hæɹ t͡ʃʰiːz]


تو را

torâ (romanization)
turâ (romanization)
ترا (alternative)

first person singular pronoun تو (to, tu) with the direct-object particle را (râ).
Congnate with Urdu-Hindi (terâ) تیرا तेरा

a second-person pronoun; تو (to, “you”) as a grammatical object.


کمینه

(humble, archaic) I, me; this humble one


مره

مَرَه • (mara)

مَرَا مرا#Persian

(colloquial) Kabuli and Hazaragi form of مَرَا


کلگی

Uncertain. By surface analysis کُلّ (kull) + ـگِی (-gī). However, گِی (gī) is typically only added onto words ending in ـَه (-a), which کُلّ (kull) does not.

عید فطررا بر کلگیتان تبریک میگویم

īd-i fitr-rā bar kullagī-tān tabrīk mē-gōyam

I congratulate you all on this Eid al-Fitr

سلام به کلگی تان انشالله که جور صحت و سلامت باشین!

salām ba kullagī-tān inšāllāh ki jōr sahat wa salāmat bāšēn!

Hello to all of you, inshallah you stay safe and healthy!


مایان

مایان • (mâyân)

Plural of ما (mâ, “we, us”). Compare شمایان (šomâyân).

ماها ماها#Persian


ماها

ماها • (mâhâ)

Plural of ما (mâ, “we, us”). Compare شماها (šomâhâ).

(just) us, (only) us; usually excluding the listener, or including only a subset of some larger group.


اینا

اینا • (inâ)

خونهٔ داییام اینا

بابام اینا دوشنبه میرن.

My dad and the rest are leaving on Monday.

(colloquial) Added after a name or family title to mean all the people who live with them.


حقیر

(formal, humble) your humble servant; humble and formal first-person pronoun.