今

𫢉
⿱𠆢𬼽
𱎜
旦
當
擔
咊

今。爾着憶得 Taⁿ, lṳ́ tiéh it-tit

1886, Lim Hiong Seng, Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular, Singapore: Koh Yew Hean Press, page 36:

今汝著憶得／今汝著忆得 [Teochew] ― dan¹, le² diêh⁸ êg⁴ dig⁴ [Peng'im] ― Now, you must remember


乃

迺
廼
𠄕
𠄎
𠧤
𢏩
𢎧

(Puxian Min) an interjection for response

叫我卜乃？


個

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (個):
* → Japanese: 個(こ) (ko)
* → Korean: 개(個) (gae)
* → Vietnamese: cá (個)

Wutunhua: -ge

→? Baba Malay: punya (semantic loan)

desc

→? Vietnamese: cái (possibly some contamination)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːls): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 固 (OC *kaːs).
The semantics may have developed along the grammaticalisation process "bamboo stalk" (箇) > "piece, item" > "classifier for every category of noun" > "possessive particle, generic particle". If so, it would then possibly be cognate with 竿 (OC *kaːn, “bamboo, rod”). Compare Tibetan མཁར་བ (mkhar ba), འཁར་བ ('khar ba, “walking stick, staff”) and Thai ก้าน (gâan, “stem, stalk”).
; Southern Min classifier and possessive particle
; Wu classifier and possessive particle

Han compound

个
箇
个
兮
的
ㄟ
ケ
亓
亇

may use corresponding classifier in certain contexts

三個九毫九

三个九毫九

八個六

八个六

個半十隻檸檬

个半十只柠檬

三個銀

三个银

兩斤五個

两斤五个

個銀三粒

个银三粒

(Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, Puxian Min, Wenzhounese) Classifier for money: yuan, dollar; buck


兮

Originally the same character as 乎 (OC *ɢaː). The oracle bone form consists of 丂 (“fork in a tree”) and two vertical strokes above; the two strokes are parallel in most oracle bone attestations, possibly representing finer branches (i.e. the sound produced by wind blows past these branches).

† - may use corresponding classifier in certain contexts

(Central Min, Puxian Min) Possessive particle.


冊

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

Pictogram (象形) – bamboo slips strung together. See also 侖, 扁, and 典. Similar but unrelated to 龠. The contemporary stylized form 册 is unrelated to 朋.
Etymologically the same word as 策 (OC *sʰreːɡ), with an original meaning of "bamboo slips" (Schuessler, 2007).

(literary or Southern and Puxian Min) book


刣

Often considered a substrate word. Compare (Deng, 1994, Schuessler, 2007):
* Proto-Hmong-Mien *təjH (“to kill”) ~ Proto-Hmong-Mien *dəjH (“to die”)
** White Hmong tua (“to kill”)
** White Hmong tuag (“to die”)
* Proto-Austronesian *pa-aCay (“to kill”) ~ Proto-Austronesian *ma-aCay (“to die”)
** Amis patay (“to die; death”)
** Cebuano patay (“dead; to kill”)
** Tagalog patay (“dead; corpse; carcass”); matay (“dying”); katay (“a slaughtering; a killing”); bitay (“hanging (means of execution)”)
* Proto-Tai *p.taːjᴬ (“to die”)
** Thai ตาย (dtaai, “to die”)
Norman (1979) suggests that this derives from 治 (MC dri, “to regulate; to clean (fish)”) instead. This usage is still used in some Mandarin dialects (usually meaning “to clean (fish)”) and Hakka chhṳ̀ (“to slaughter (livestock)”), often written as 㓾.
Alternatively, some have suggested that 夷 (MC yij, “to be level; to pacify; to kill”) is the original character.

ltc-l

𠛀
殺
刏
宰
𠷂
夷
治
汰

刣死

巴克禮譯本 (Barclay Amoy Romanized Bible), 創世記 (Genesis) 4:23

人傷我，我刣伊

人伤我，我刣伊

(Fuzhou Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) to kill (a person)


吼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qʰloːʔ, *qʰloːs): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 孔 (OC *kʰloːŋʔ).

Han compound

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) to cry; to sob; to weep


味

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (味):
* → Japanese: 味(み) (mi)
* → Korean: 미(味) (mi)
* → Vietnamese: vị (味)

desc

→ Proto-Hmong-Mien: *hmeiᴴ (“taste; to try”)

→ Vietnamese: mùi (“smell”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mɯds): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 未 (OC *mɯds).
Schuessler (2007) compared this word with Proto-Monic *[ʔ]məp (“good tasting, have a pleasant flavour, be pleasant”) > Mon မိပ် (mìp, “to be happy, to enjoy”). Unger (1992) connects this with Tibetan བྲོད (brod) (< བྲོ (bro, “to taste”)). Also compare Korean 맛 (mat, “taste”), 멋 (meot, “taste; charm”).

Han compound

(Xiamen Hokkien, Puxian Min) to differentiate the flavor


埔

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 甫.

(Hakka, Southern and Puxian Min) plain; flatland


墿

(Northern Min, Eastern Min, Central Min, Puxian Min) road


實

Ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 宀 (“roof”) + 周 (“carved jade”) + 貝 (“shellfish; cowrie”).
The two lower components of 周 and 貝 had combined to form 貫 (OC *koːn, *koːns, “string of cowries”), hence the incorrect analysis in Shuowen Jiezi of this character as 宀 + 貫.

och-l

街路人實實。

街路人实实。

The clothes in the box are pressed in a packed way.

Siuⁿ-á lāi ê saⁿ-khò͘ chhi̍h kah chin cha̍t.

箱仔內的衫褲揤甲真實。

箱仔内的衫裤揤甲真实。

(Southern and Puxian Min) packed; fully filled; stuffed


床

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (床):
* → Japanese: 床(しょう) (shō)
* → Korean: 상(床) (sang)

→ Bouyei: xaangz (“bed”)

→ Zhuang: congz (“bed”)

→ Proto-Vietic: *k-ɟəːŋ (“bed”)

Vietnamese: giường

Chut: kəcɨːŋ²

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

Originally an unorthodox variant of 牀. Now made up of 广 (“house”) + 木 (“tree”), an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意) representing a wooden furniture item (a bed) in a house.
Schuessler (2007) suggests that it may be related to Khmer រង (rɔɔng, “to support from below”), Old Mon [script needed] (joṅ, “couch; bedstead”). Compare also Burmese စင် (cang, “platform, stage”) (Luce, 1981).
Baxter & Sagart (2014) reconstructs OC prefixal *k- based on Vietic evidences: cf. Maleng [Brô] kacɨəŋ, Maleng [Kha Pong] kəcɨːŋ² , Chut [Sách, Rục] kəcɨːŋ².

cog

(Teochew, Leizhou Min, Hainanese, Puxian Min, Zhongshan Min) table


張

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *taŋ, *taŋs): semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 長 (OC *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/b-raŋ (“strong; firm; tense”) or Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/t)aŋ (“tense; tight”), the latter which appears to be preferred based on more current research (Hill, 2019, p. 224); compare Tibetan ཐང་པོ (thang po, “tense; tight; firm”), Burmese တင်း (tang:, “to tighten; to be tight”).
Pronunciation 2 is the exopassive of pronunciation 1, literally “to be stretched” (Schuessler, 2007).

cog

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) to catch an animal by drawing a net, setting a trap, etc.

(Hokkien, Puxian Min, by extension) to wait for; to stalk; to watch out (in order to catch or get something)

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) implement for catching animals; trap


彼

Related to 許／许 (hí, hír, “that”); see there for more.
Pronunciation 2 is a fusion word of 許／许 (hí, hír, “that”) + 一 (it, “one”); compare Mandarin 那 (nèi), from 那 (nà, “that”) + 一 (yī, “one”) (Mei and Yang, 1995).

彼本冊

彼本册

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) that (demonstrative determiner)


悿

(Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min) serious; severe; intense


惡

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (惡):
* → Japanese: 悪(あく) (aku)
* → Korean: 악(惡) (ak)
* → Vietnamese: ác (惡)

desc

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾq /aḳ/, “hateful, despicable”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qaː, *qaːɡs, *qaːɡ): phonetic 亞 (OC *qraːɡs) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔak (“bad”); cognate with Tibetan ཨག་པོ (ag po, “bad”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007). Also related to Thai ยาก (yâak, “difficult”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

恶
僫
悪
𢛫
𢝏
䜑
䛩
恶
僫
悪
𢛫
𢝏
䜑
䛩
恶
僫
悪
𢛫
𢝏
䜑
䛩
恶
污
屙
涴

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

呢單嘢好惡搞。

呢单嘢好恶搞。

1975, “十四座 [14 Seats]”, performed by Wan Kwong:

several thousand dollars worth of license fees is even more difficult to bear

gei² cin¹ paai⁴ fai³ zung⁶ gang³ gaa¹ ok³ ngaai⁴

幾千牌費仲更加惡捱

几千牌费仲更加恶捱

1976, “半斤八兩”, performed by 許冠傑 [Sam Hui]:

nowadays it's difficult to make a living // how come it would be such ideal that you earn how much you worked for

gaa¹ zan⁶⁻² ok³ wan² sik⁶, bin¹ jau⁵ bun³ gan¹ baat³ loeng² gam³ lei⁵ soeng²

家陣惡搵食 邊有半斤八兩咁理想

家阵恶揾食 边有半斤八两咁理想

(Cantonese, Southern and Puxian Min) difficult


懸

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡʷeːn): phonetic 縣 (OC *ɡʷeːn, *ɡʷeːns) + semantic 心 (“heart”) – to be concerned (in one’s heart).

Han compound

悬
𢝝
悬
𢝝
高
峘
危


批

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *pʰiː): semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ).
; “to pare”
; “pie”
; “pipe”
; “vulva; cunt”

Han compound

1991, “故鄉一封信”, 詹雅雯 (lyrics), 潁川 (music), performed by 詹雅雯:

With paper and a pen in my hand, I hurried to write a letter, comforting Mom, saying that everything is alright away from home.

chhiú the̍h chóa-pit kóaⁿ-kín beh siá chi̍t tiuⁿ phe, an-ùi má-mah kóng gún chāi-gōa it-chhè bô būn-tê

手提紙筆趕緊要寫一張批 安慰媽媽講阮在外一切沒問題

手提纸笔赶紧要写一张批 安慰妈妈讲阮在外一切没问题

(Eastern Min, Hokkien, Puxian Min) letter (written or printed communication) (Classifier: 張／张 mn; 封 mn)


捋

捋頭鬃

捋头鬃

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) to comb (hair, etc.)


揣

𢭍
𢰚
㪜
找
𢶀
綽
覓
覔
尋
垂
慱
𬣍
挆
挅

我次次來到覔爾不在 Uá tsūa-tsūa lâi-kàu tshūe lṳ́ m̄-tõ

(Southern Min, Puxian Min, dialectal Eastern Min) to look for; to seek


搦

攊
拿
搙
六
𫼚
𤔨
𢾲
掠
搙
揑
搮

(Eastern Min, Puxian Min) to seize; to catch


某

Tu (2018) suggests it is from 姥 (MC muX), which was ultimately derived from 母 (OC *mɯʔ, “mother”). The usage of 姥 (“old woman”) to refer to "wife" parallels that of 翁 (“old man”) to refer to "husband" in Min Nan.
Cognate with Teochew 𡚸 (bhou2), Eastern Min 𡚸 (muō).

𣐥
厶:in 仏
姥
媒
厶
妻


欲

For pronunciation and definitions of 欲 – see 慾 (“desire; lust”).
(This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 慾).
 Notes:
Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
From the grammaticalization of 發 (OC *pad, “to send out; to go forth; to proceed”) (Tu, 2017).

och-l

𡟔
俗
覓
卜
發
勃
剝
憋

春天後母面，欲變一時間 / 春天后母面，欲变一时间

chhun-thiⁿ āu-bú bīn, beh piàn chi̍t sî-kan

Do you want to go to the library with me?

你欲佮我去圖書館無？

你欲佮我去图书馆无？

(Can we date this quote?), “琼海溜”, 卢海清 (lyrics), performed by 金岛乐团:

魯憋去哪溜

鲁憋去哪溜

(Eastern Min, Hokkien, Hainanese, Puxian Min) to want (to do)

It's about to rain! Let's go out to bring in the laundry.

Beh lo̍h-hō͘--ah, lán tio̍h chhut-khì siu-saⁿ.

欲落雨矣，咱著出去收衫。

欲落雨矣，咱着出去收衫。

The sky is dark; it seems like it will rain.

天烏烏，欲落雨。

天乌乌，欲落雨。

(Eastern Min, Hokkien, Puxian Min) about to

If I were you, I would've slept earlier.

欲我，我就會較早睏。

欲我，我就会较早困。

卜是伊就好咯。

(Hokkien, Hainanese, Puxian Min) if (an adverb expressing assumptions)

(Puxian Min) Used to express the coexistence of several conditions or qualities; both ... and ...


沕

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *mrɯd, *mɯd): semantic 氵 + phonetic 勿 (OC *mɯd).

Han compound

(obsolete or Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, Puxian Min) to submerge; to inundate; to drown


洘

(Hokkien, Datian Min, Leizhou Min, Puxian Min, Eastern Min) thick; viscous


澹

Possibly from Austroasiatic; compare Vietnamese đầm (“swamp; to be soaking; be sopping wet”) (Norman and Mei, 1976). Also compare Proto-Tai *domᴬ (“wet”), whence Zhuang dumz (“wet; soaked”) (Yue-Hashimoto, 1976).

cog

贍
霑
淫
㴷
淡
𣸄
濕

(dialectal Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) wet


炊

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰuɐi⁵³³/

/t͡sʰe̞i̯³³/

/t͡ɕʰy̯e̞i̯³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰuɐi⁵³³/

/t͡sʰe̞i̯³³/

/t͡ɕʰy̯e̞i̯³³/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʰjol): semantic 火 (“fire”) + abbreviated phonetic 吹 (OC *kʰjol, *kʰjols).
From 吹 (OC *kʰjol, “to blow”), as in blowing to get a fire going (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

(Puxian Min, Zhongshan Min) steamer basket


煙

烟
菸
𠖣
𤎟
𡨾
𠖜
𤏯
烟
烟
菸

2003, “醉英雄”, 李岩修 (lyrics), 徐嘉良 [Galon Hsu] (music)performed by 蔡秋鳳 [Kerris Tsai]:

煙一支 檳榔一嘴

烟一支 槟榔一嘴

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) alternative form of 薰 (“tobacco; cigarette”)


爿

Pictogram (象形) – a bed. The original form of 牀 (OC *zraŋ). In the character 臧, it appears as a contracted form.

東爿

东爿

這爿

这爿

後爿

后爿

(Southern Min, Eastern Min, Puxian Min, Wu) side

(Hokkien, Eastern Min, Puxian Min, linguistics) radical


疼

Unclear. Possibly from 聽 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋs, “to allow > to love”) (Li and Chen, 1991).

(Eastern, Southern and Puxian Min) painful; aching; sore

2014, “主祢的疼 [Lord, It's Your Love]”, 王迪森 [Dickson Wang] (lyrics), performed by 讚美之泉 [Stream of Praise]:

Lord, You never give me up, never look away [official translation]
Lord, You love me as a treasure, never give me up [literal translation]

Chú Lí thiàⁿ góa chòe pó-pòe, m̄-bat pàng-sak góa

主祢疼我作寶貝，不曾放棄我

主祢疼我作宝贝，不曾放弃我

(Eastern, Southern and Puxian Min) to love; to cherish


瘦

(Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min) alternative form of 㾪


瞌

瞌目

目睭瞌瞌

2023, “只要有你”, in 麗蓉 (lyrics), 彩藝 (music), 十八般武藝, performed by 黃妃 [Huang Fei]:

I'm willing to close my eyes to lie to myself

kam-goān kheh-tio̍h ba̍k-chiu phiàn chū-kí

甘願瞌著目睭騙自己

甘愿瞌著目睭骗自己

(Hokkien, Teochew, Leizhou Min, Puxian Min) to close (one's eyes)


竭

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) to be deficient; to be lacking; to be short of


算

desc

→ Lü: ᦉᦸᧃᧈ (ṡoan¹)

→ Lü: ᦉᦸᧃᧈ (ṡoan¹)

In current form, 竹 (“bamboo”) + 目 + 廾.
The 目 portion may have originally represented counting rods (or possibly an abacus, although the character is believed to predate its invention). Such rods were typically made from bamboo. Perhaps related to the top component of 學, hence to 爻.
Similar but unrelated to 具.
It has been compared with Tibetan གཤོར (gshor, “to count, to measure, to weigh”) by Gong (1995).

cog

(Puxian Min) to think (to conceive of something or someone)

(Puxian Min) to miss (to feel the absence of someone or something)


篋

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kʰeːb): semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 匧 (OC *kʰeːb).


紲

Possibly from 世 (OC *hljebs) (Lin, 1999; Yang, 2000).

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) to follow on; to continue


績

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) to spin hemp into thread for weaving


翁

Sino-Xenic (翁):
* → Vietnamese: ông (翁)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qloːŋ): phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ) + semantic 羽 (“wings”). Originally representing the meaning “feathers”, it was later loaned to mean “old man” and similar senses, by association with the semantic 公.
Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Mizo ung (“to be old, elderly, aged; to be venerable, antique, ancient; to be of long standing, to be an old inhabitant, to be an old stager (v.; adj.)”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Baxter & Sagart (2017) included 翁 (OC *qˤoŋ) "old man" in the same word-family as 公 (OC *C.qˤoŋ) "father, prince" and 妐 (OC *t-qoŋ) "husband's father".

cog

翁仔某


聖

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *hljeŋs): semantic 耳 (“ear”) + phonetic 呈 (OC *rleŋ, *l'eŋs). Compare 聽.
Likely related to 聽 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋ, “to hear; to listen”), 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”) (Boltz, 1994). If derived directly from 聲 (OC *qʰjeŋ, “sound”), it would literally mean “to be renowned; someone who is renowned” (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

圣
圣
垩
𠄵
𦔻
𤦉
𭹖
琞
𤦨
𪣿
𩫽
𥅶
䎴
𦕡
𫆅
𨉑
𨲣
𨲢
𰿓
𤪈
𰿒
𡑺
𨲚
𨲉
𧟿

(Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) propitious; efficacious; favouring; (of a god) able to protect


舒

phonetic 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs) + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ)
Possibly connected to 紓 (OC *hlja, *ɦljaʔ, “to loosen, relax”).

och-l

舒棉被 [Hokkien] ― chhu mî-phōe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to spread a quilt

(Eastern Min, Puxian Min, Hokkien, Teochew) to spread (a mat, a blanket, etc.)


蛆

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ʔsa, *sʰa): semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa).

Han compound

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) wriggler; wiggler; mosquito larva


觸

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tʰjoɡ): semantic 角 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).
Compare Tibetan གཏུག (gtug, “to meet; to touch”) (Hill, 2019). An older theory by STEDT compares the word with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/r-tuk (“to cut, knock, pound”), and compares the first two syllables of Burmese တောက်တောက်ကြော် (tauktaukkrau, “fried minced meat”), as well as a wide range of Sinitic words:
* 擣 (OC *tuːʔ, “to beat, pound rice”)
* 殊 (OC *to, *djo, “to cut off, die”)
* 祝 (OC *tjuɡs, *tjuɡ, “to cut off, pray”)
* 斵, 斫 (OC *tjaɡ, “to chop, carve, chisel, break open”)
* 椓 (“to beat, strike”)
* 啄 (OC *rtoːɡ, *toːɡ, “to peck”)
* 斀 (OC *rtoːɡ, “to castrate”)
* 誅 (OC *to, “to reprove, punish, kill”)
* 咮 (OC *tu, *tus, *tos, *tjo, “beak; to peck”)
* 斸 (OC *toɡ, “to cut, cut out”)
The internet slang sense is a phonetic borrowing from English true.

cog

တောက်တောက်ကြော်

och-l

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) to argue; to have a row; to come to blows; to scuffle


豐

Ideogram (指事) – The top component is 𠁳, a pot full of plants 丰 (abundance, plenty). The bottom component is 豆, which is another pot.
Unrelated to 豊, in which two strings of jade pieces 玨 are present. The top component of 豐 is unrelated to 山.
Schuessler (2007) compares a Burmese pruiŋᴮ (“full, abundant”), which would be written in Burmese script as ပြိုင်း (pruing:); however, no such word with that spelling shows up in the MED (Myanmar English Dictionary). It appears more likely that the item Schuessler wishes to compare ပြည့် (prany., “to be full”).


身

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (身):
* → Vietnamese: thân (身)

Characters in the same phonetic series (身) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形): from a pictograph of a pregnant woman. See also the reversed version 㐆. Unrelated to 射.
STEDT relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sja-n ~ *sin (“flesh; animal; body”), but recent Old Chinese reconstructions would not support this etymology.
Because 身 is used as a phonetic for 仁 (OC *niŋ) in excavated texts, Baxter and Sagart (2012, 2014) reconstruct the initial as nasal. This would allow for a comparison to Tibetan སྙིང (snying, “heart”), Japhug tɯsni (“heart”) (Baxter and Sagart, 2012; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019), which are from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-niŋ (“heart; mind; brain”).

cog

(literary or Southern Min, Puxian Min) Classifier for statues, dolls, puppets.


軋

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *qriːd): semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ)

Han compound

轧
轧
轧
轧
轧
裹
輾
𩛩

伊予車軋死。

伊予车轧死。

伊駛車去軋著人。

伊驶车去轧著人。

guah³ ging¹ dua⁴ ca¹ deng³ gyor³ gih⁷ cia¹ gah⁶ si³ luei⁰.

我今旦差點囝給車軋死落尾。

我今旦差点囝给车轧死落尾。

(Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min) to crush; to run over; to roll flat (of or by a car)


輦

(Puxian Min) to roll over (of wheel, cylinder, etc.)


迎

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs): semantic 辶 + phonetic 卬 (OC *ŋaːŋ, *ŋaŋʔ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋra-k/ŋ (“to meet; to encounter”). Cognate with Burmese ငြင်း (ngrang:, “to refuse to obey; to argue”). Within Chinese, it is related to:
* 禦 (OC *ŋaʔ, *ŋas, “to defend”)
* 迕 (OC *ŋaːs, “to meet; to go against”)
* 迓 (OC *ŋraːs, “to receive; to defend”)
* 溯 (OC *sŋaːɡs, “to go upstream”)
* 逆 (OC *ŋraɡ, “to greet; to go against; to resist”)

och-l

(Puxian Min) to carry on hands or shoulders


銃

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (銃):
* → Japanese: 銃(じゅう) (jū)
* → Korean: 총(銃) (chong)
* → Vietnamese: súng (銃)

→ Zhuang: cungq (“gun”)

/t͡sʰøyŋ²¹³/

/t͡sʰøyŋ²¹³/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tʰjuŋs): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 充 (OC *l̥ʰjuŋ).

Han compound

(Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min, Taiwanese Hakka) gun; firearm (Classifier: 支 mn)


霞

Beautified form (雅化) of 下. Compare 廈 /厦 in 廈門 /厦门.

霞美

霞美

霞林

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) (used in place names)


霞

霞葛

霞洲

霞苑

霞溪


香

(Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min) alternative form of 芳 (“fragrant”)


骿

(Eastern, Puxian and Southern Min) back of the body


風水

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (風水):
* → Japanese: 風(ふう)水(すい) (fūsui)
* → Korean: 풍수(風水) (pungsu)
* → Vietnamese: phong thuỷ (風水)

desc

→ English: feng shui (via Mandarin), fung shui (Hong Kong, via Cantonese)

→ Indonesian: fengsui (formal, via Mandarin), hongsui (informal, via Min Nan)

→ Thai: ฮวงจุ้ย (huuang-jûi), ฮวงซุ้ย (huuang-súi) (via Teochew)

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²/

/fəŋ²⁴ fi⁵¹/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/fɵŋ³³ sui⁵⁵/

/hɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))nui⁴⁵³/

/hɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))nui³³²/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sui⁴¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sui⁵³/

/hɔŋ³³⁻²¹ sui⁴⁴⁵/

/hɔŋ³³ sui⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sui⁵³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sui⁴²/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sui⁵²/

/foŋ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²/

/fəŋ²⁴ fi⁵¹/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/fɵŋ³³ sui⁵⁵/

/hɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))nui⁴⁵³/

/hɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))nui³³²/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sui⁴¹/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sui⁵³/

/hɔŋ³³⁻²¹ sui⁴⁴⁵/

/hɔŋ³³ sui⁵⁵⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sui⁵³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sui⁴²/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sui⁵²/

/foŋ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

(Hakka, Southern Min, Puxian Min) tomb (Classifier: 穴 h mn-t)


火星

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/fɔː³⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/huo⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liŋ⁵⁵/

/hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰĩ³³/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/hue⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/fɔː³⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/huo⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾liŋ⁵⁵/

/hə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰĩ³³/

/he⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/hue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/hue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/hue⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/huei⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰa⁵³³/

/hue⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sẽ⁴⁴/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ⁵⁵/

/fɔː³⁵ sɪŋ⁵⁵/

/huei⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰa⁵³³/

/hue⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sẽ⁴⁴/

(chiefly Mandarin, Puxian Min) spark of fire


點鐘

/ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tiːm³⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tiam²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃuŋ⁵³/

/taŋ²¹ t͡sœyŋ⁵⁴/

/tiɛŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ^((t͡s-))nœŋ⁵³³/

dieng³ zyoeng¹ [Phonetic:dieng⁵ nyoeng¹]

/tiɛŋ³³²⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))nyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiam⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡seŋ³³/

/ti̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tiːm³⁵ t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tiam²⁴⁻³³ t͡ʃuŋ⁵³/

/taŋ²¹ t͡sœyŋ⁵⁴/

/tiɛŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ^((t͡s-))nœŋ⁵³³/

/tiɛŋ³³²⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))nyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ³³/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tiam⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡seŋ³³/


老師

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (老師):
* → Japanese: 老(ろう)師(し) (rōshi)
* → Korean: 로사(老師) (rosa), 노사(老師) (nosa)
* → Vietnamese: lão sư (老師)

→ Bouyei: laojsiy

→ Lü: ᦟᧁᦌᦹᧈ (lawsue¹)

→ Wutunhua: loshe

→ Zhuang: lauxsae

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/lɔ²⁴ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/lau²¹³⁻¹³ sz̩⁴²/

/lo²⁴⁻³³ sɨ⁵³/

/l̃o³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ly⁵⁵/

/lɒ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ɬo⁵³³/

/lɒ³³²⁻²¹ ɬo⁵⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻²² sɨ³³/

/lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/lɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/

/nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/nɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/lau⁵²⁻³⁵ sɯ³³/

/lau⁵²⁻³⁵ su³³/

/lɔ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

/lɔ²² sz̩⁴⁴/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ si³³/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ ɕi³³/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/lɔ²⁴ ʂʐ̩²⁴/

/lau²¹³⁻¹³ sz̩⁴²/

/lo²⁴⁻³³ sɨ⁵³/

/l̃o³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾ly⁵⁵/

/lɒ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ɬo⁵³³/

/lɒ³³²⁻²¹ ɬo⁵⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻²¹ su⁴⁴/

/lau³³⁻²² sɨ³³/

/lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/lɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sɯ³³/

/nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/nɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/

/lau⁵²⁻³⁵ sɯ³³/

/lau⁵²⁻³⁵ su³³/

/lɔ⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/

/lɔ²² sz̩⁴⁴/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ si³³/

/lɒu̯⁴¹ ɕi³³/

(Puxian Min) old master (a term of address for an old person skilled at a particular art or activity)


丈夫

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ fou²⁴/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiõ³³⁴ pũ³³⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu¹/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴ fou²⁴/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiõ³³⁴ pũ³³⁴/

/t͡siaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹ fu⁵⁵/

/t͡sœːŋ²² fuː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵ fu²⁴/

/tuoŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋu⁵⁵/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/tiɔŋ²² hu³³/

/tiaŋ²²⁻²¹ hu⁴⁴/

/taʔ⁴⁻²¹ pɔu⁵³³/

/taʔ⁴⁻² pɔu⁵⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²¹ pɔ³³/

/ta⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² peu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²³ pou³³/

/ta⁵²⁻³⁵ pou³³/

/touŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muo⁵⁵/

/taʔ⁴⁻²¹ pɔu⁵³³/

/taʔ⁴⁻² pɔu⁵⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²¹ pɔ³³/

/ta⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻³³ pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² pɔ⁴⁴/

/t͡sa⁴⁴⁻²² peu⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²³ pou³³/

/ta⁵²⁻³⁵ pou³³/

唐晡
唐餔
唐晡
大夫
查埔
查甫
乾埔
查夫
諸夫
打埠
禾埠

(Northern Min, Ningde Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) man; (adult) male


貧惰

贫惰
貧憻
貧憚
貧段
憑單
憑憚
憑段
辦段
笨段
平坦
怠惰
屏段
貧彈
貧單
憑彈
凴憚
份段
办單

/pɛŋ¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nyɒ¹¹/

/piŋ¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nia¹¹/

/pɛŋ¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nœ¹¹/

/piŋ¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nia¹¹/

/pɛŋ²⁴⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nia²¹/

/pin²⁴⁻²¹ tuã²²/

/pin²⁴⁻¹¹ tuã³³/

/pin¹³⁻²² tuã²²/

/pin²⁴⁻¹² tuã²²/

/pin²⁴⁻²² tuã²²/

/pin²⁴⁻³³ tuã³³/

/pin²⁴⁻²² tuã²²/

/pin²⁴⁻²² tuã³³/

/pan²⁴⁻³³ tuã³³/

/pan²³⁻³³ tuã³³/

/pan²⁴⁻²² tuã²²/

/pan²⁴⁻²² tuã³³/

/pun²³⁻²¹ tuã²¹/

/pun²⁴⁻³³ tuã³³/

/pan³³⁻¹¹ tuã³³/

/pan³³⁻²¹ tuã³³/

/pɛŋ¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nyɒ¹¹/

/piŋ¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nia¹¹/

/pɛŋ¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nœ¹¹/

/piŋ¹³⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nia¹¹/

/pɛŋ²⁴⁻⁴² ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nia²¹/

/pin²⁴⁻²¹ tuã²²/

/pin²⁴⁻¹¹ tuã³³/

/pin¹³⁻²² tuã²²/

/pin²⁴⁻¹² tuã²²/

/pin²⁴⁻²² tuã²²/

/pin²⁴⁻³³ tuã³³/

/pin²⁴⁻²² tuã²²/

/pin²⁴⁻²² tuã³³/

/pan²⁴⁻³³ tuã³³/

/pan²³⁻³³ tuã³³/

/pan²⁴⁻²² tuã²²/

/pan²⁴⁻²² tuã³³/

/pun²³⁻²¹ tuã²¹/

/pun²⁴⁻³³ tuã³³/

/pan³³⁻¹¹ tuã³³/

/pan³³⁻²¹ tuã³³/

I have a cold today and I don't want to go to school.

ging¹ dua⁴ gang³ bor⁵, guah³ beng² dyor⁵ ky⁴ tah⁷ zy¹.

今旦感冒，我貧惰去讀書。

今旦感冒，我贫惰去读书。

If I don't go, who will? (implying that one must go)

我貧惰去，甚儂去？

我贫惰去，甚侬去？

(Puxian Min) to not want (to do something); not going to; will not


寒天

/xän³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/xän³⁵ tʰi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/hɔn¹¹ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/kũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))niŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/kuã²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/kuã²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ³³/

/kuã¹³⁻²² tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/kuã²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/kuã²³⁻³³ tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/kũã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰĩ³³/

/xän³⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/xän³⁵ tʰi̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/hɔːn²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/hɔn¹¹ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/kũã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))niŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/kuã²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/kuã²⁴⁻²² tʰĩ³³/

/kuã¹³⁻²² tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/kuã²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/kuã²³⁻³³ tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/kũã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰĩ³³/

(Hakka, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min, Wu) winter


清氣

/t͡sʰeŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi²¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi²¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi¹¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi²¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ kʰi⁴¹/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ kʰi²¹³/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ kʰiʔ²/

/t͡sʰeŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi²¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi²¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi¹¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰi²¹/

/t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ kʰi⁴¹/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ kʰi²¹³/

/t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ kʰiʔ²/

(Southern Min, dialectal Eastern Min, Puxian Min, Central Min) clean


好食

/ho²⁴⁻³³ ʃit²/

/ho³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lieʔ⁵/

/ho⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ɬiæʔ⁴/

/ho³³²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siaʔ²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ¹²¹/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻³³ ʃit²/

/ho³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lieʔ⁵/

/ho⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ɬiæʔ⁴/

/ho³³²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siaʔ²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ¹²¹/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/hãũ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/hãũ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

(Puxian Min) easy to eat without much effort


好食

/ho²⁴⁻³³ ʃit²/

/ho³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lieʔ⁵/

/ho⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ɬiæʔ⁴/

/ho³³²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siaʔ²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ¹²¹/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻³³ ʃit²/

/ho³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lieʔ⁵/

/ho⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ɬiæʔ⁴/

/ho³³²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siaʔ²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ¹²¹/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/hãũ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/hãũ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/


好食

/ho²⁴⁻³³ ʃit²/

/ho³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lieʔ⁵/

/ho⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ɬiæʔ⁴/

/ho³³²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siaʔ²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ¹²¹/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho²⁴⁻³³ ʃit²/

/ho³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lieʔ⁵/

/ho⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ɬiæʔ⁴/

/ho³³²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siaʔ²⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ¹²¹/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/ho⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/hãũ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

/hɒ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬia²⁴/

/hãũ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siaʔ⁴/

(Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka, Puxian Min) fond of eating; gluttonous


後壁

/au¹¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ia¹¹/

/au²¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βia²¹/

/au³³⁻²¹ piaʔ²/

/au³³⁻²¹ piaʔ³²/

/au³¹⁻²² piaʔ⁵/

/au²²⁻¹² piaʔ³²/

/au²²⁻²¹ piaʔ³²/

/au³³⁻¹¹ piaʔ³²/

/au³³⁻²² piaʔ⁵/

/au³⁵⁻¹¹ piaʔ²/

/au¹¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ia¹¹/

/au²¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βia²¹/

/au³³⁻²¹ piaʔ²/

/au³³⁻²¹ piaʔ³²/

/au³¹⁻²² piaʔ⁵/

/au²²⁻¹² piaʔ³²/

/au²²⁻²¹ piaʔ³²/

/au³³⁻¹¹ piaʔ³²/

/au³³⁻²² piaʔ⁵/

/au³⁵⁻¹¹ piaʔ²/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² pɪk̚⁵/

/au³³⁻¹¹ piaʔ³²/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi⁵¹/

/hɐu̯²² pɪk̚⁵/

/au³³⁻²¹ piaʔ³²/

/au³³⁻¹¹ piaʔ³²/

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) at the back; the rear; the back


頭前

/tʰəu¹¹ t͡ɕʰie¹¹/

/tʰe³³ t͡siŋ³³/

/tʰau²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ²³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰau²³⁻²¹ t͡seŋ²³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ t͡seŋ²⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ¹³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² t͡suĩ²⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sãi²⁴/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sõĩ⁵⁵/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sãĩ⁵⁵/

/təu̯¹³ t͡si̯ẽ¹³/

/təu̯¹³ t͡ɕi̯ẽ¹³/

/d̥ɘu̯¹¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn¹¹/

/tʰəu¹¹ t͡ɕʰie¹¹/

/tʰe³³ t͡siŋ³³/

/tʰau²³⁻³³ t͡siɪŋ²³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰau²³⁻²¹ t͡seŋ²³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ t͡seŋ²⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ¹³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² t͡suĩ²⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sãi²⁴/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sõĩ⁵⁵/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sãĩ⁵⁵/

/təu̯¹³ t͡si̯ẽ¹³/

/təu̯¹³ t͡ɕi̯ẽ¹³/

/d̥ɘu̯¹¹ t͡ɕi̯ɛn¹¹/

(Hakka, Jin, Northern Min, Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min, Xiang) in front; ahead


舊年

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕiəɯ⁴⁴ liẽ/

/kɐu̯²² niːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɐu̯²² niːn²¹/

/kiu³² ⁿden²²⁻²²⁵/

/ˈt͡ɕʰiu¹¹ n̠ʲiɛn³⁵/

/kʰi̯u⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/kʰi̯u⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/kʰiu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/ku³³⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/

/ku³³⁻²¹ nĩ²³/

/ku²²⁻²¹ nĩ²⁴/

/ku⁴¹⁻²² ni²⁴/

/ku⁴¹⁻²² nĩ²⁴/

/ku²²⁻²¹ nĩ¹³/

/ku²¹⁻²² lin²⁴/

/d͡ʑiɤ²² n̠ʲi⁴⁴/

/d͡ʑʏ²² n̠ʲɪ³³/

/d͡ʑiɤɯ¹¹ n̠ʲɪ²⁴/

/d͡ʑi̯ɔ¹¹ ni¹³⁻³³/

/t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/t͡ɕiəɯ⁴⁴ liẽ/

/kɐu̯²² niːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/kɐu̯²² niːn²¹/

/kiu³² ⁿden²²⁻²²⁵/

/ˈt͡ɕʰiu¹¹ n̠ʲiɛn³⁵/

/kʰi̯u⁵⁵ ŋi̯en¹¹/

/kʰi̯u⁵⁵ ŋi̯an¹¹/

/kʰiu⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ŋian¹¹/

/ku³³⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/

/ku³³⁻²¹ nĩ²³/

/ku²²⁻²¹ nĩ²⁴/

/ku⁴¹⁻²² ni²⁴/

/ku⁴¹⁻²² nĩ²⁴/

/ku²²⁻²¹ nĩ¹³/

/ku²¹⁻²² lin²⁴/

/d͡ʑiɤ²² n̠ʲi⁴⁴/

/d͡ʑʏ²² n̠ʲɪ³³/

/d͡ʑiɤɯ¹¹ n̠ʲɪ²⁴/

/d͡ʑi̯ɔ¹¹ ni¹³⁻³³/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Southern Min, Puxian Min, Wu or literary) last year


代誌

/tai²²⁻²¹ t͡si²¹/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ t͡si¹¹/

/tai³³⁻²¹ t͡si²¹/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² t͡si⁴¹/

/tai²²⁻¹² t͡si¹²/

/tai²²⁻²¹ t͡si²¹/

/tai³³⁻¹¹ t͡si¹¹/

/tai³³⁻²¹ t͡si²¹/

/tai⁴¹⁻²² t͡si⁴¹/

/tai²²⁻¹² t͡si¹²/

代志
代志
事誌
載誌
的事
事情
事濟
大誌
事際
治事
載事
戴事
治職
它事
戴誌
治誌
事致

啥物代誌？

啥物代志？

代誌大條矣。

代志大条矣。

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) affair; matter (Classifier: 項／项; 件)


水平

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sui⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾a¹³/

/t͡sui³³²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ma²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ²³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ¹³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pĩ²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pĩ²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pɛ̃¹³/

/t͡sui⁵²⁻³⁵ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

/ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/sɵy̯³⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/t͡sui⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾a¹³/

/t͡sui³³²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ma²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ²³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ¹³/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ piɪŋ²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pĩ²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pĩ²⁴/

/t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pɛ̃¹³/

/t͡sui⁵²⁻³⁵ pʰeŋ⁵⁵/

(Puxian Min) spirit level; surveyor's level


𪜶

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 亻 (“man; person”) + phonetic 因 (in).
Contraction of 伊儂／伊侬 (i-nâng). Compare 阮 (goán, “we, us (exclusive)”), 咱 (lán, “we, us (inclusive)”), 恁 (lín, “you (plural)”).


日頭

Wutunhua: raitek

/ʐ̩⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯¹/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/ʐ̩ʔ⁵ tʰəɯ²⁴/

/ə²⁴ tʰou²⁴/

/ɛɻ²⁴ tʰou²⁴/

/jɐt̚² tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/jɐt̚² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/zɐk̚²² tʰau²¹⁻³⁵/

/ᵑɡit̚³² heu²²⁻²¹/

/ᵑɡit̚³² heu²²⁻²¹⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵⁵ tʰɐu⁴²/

/n̠ʲit̚⁵ tʰɛu²/

/ŋit̚² tʰeu̯¹¹/

/ŋit⁵⁻² tʰeu⁵⁵/

/ʐəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ təu¹¹/

/nˡiʔ⁵⁻³³ tʰau⁵³/

/tiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/tʰɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/tʰiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/lit̚²⁴⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚³²⁻²¹ tʰau¹¹/

/lit̚⁵⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚³⁵⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚²⁴⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚⁴³⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚²³⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚⁵³⁻¹ tʰau²⁴/

/d͡zit̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/d͡zit̚³⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/d͡zit̚⁴³⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²³/

/d͡zit̚¹⁴⁻³³ tʰau²¹³/

/d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/let̚²³⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/ɲət̚²⁴ tʰəu²¹/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ¹¹ dɤ²³/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ¹¹ dø²⁴/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ²² dɯ⁵³/

/ɦn̠ʲiəʔ²² dɵ⁵⁵/

/n̠ʲieʔ¹¹ dɤ⁵²/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ²² dœʏ³⁵/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ³³ døy/

/n̠ʲiəʔ²¹ diu¹⁴/

/ʐ̩²⁴ təu̯³/

/ni³⁵ di̯ɤ¹³⁻³³/

/ʑ̊i¹¹ d̥ɘu̯¹¹/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯¹/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/ʐ̩ʔ⁵ tʰəɯ²⁴/

/ə²⁴ tʰou²⁴/

/ɛɻ²⁴ tʰou²⁴/

/jɐt̚² tʰɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/jɐt̚² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/zɐk̚²² tʰau²¹⁻³⁵/

/ᵑɡit̚³² heu²²⁻²¹/

/ᵑɡit̚³² heu²²⁻²¹⁵/

/jɐt̚⁵⁵ tʰɐu⁴²/

/n̠ʲit̚⁵ tʰɛu²/

/ŋit̚² tʰeu̯¹¹/

/ŋit⁵⁻² tʰeu⁵⁵/

/ʐəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ təu¹¹/

/nˡiʔ⁵⁻³³ tʰau⁵³/

/tiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/tʰɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/tʰiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/lit̚²⁴⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚³²⁻²¹ tʰau¹¹/

/lit̚⁵⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚³⁵⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚²⁴⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚⁴³⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚²³⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/lit̚⁵³⁻¹ tʰau²⁴/

/d͡zit̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/d͡zit̚³⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/d͡zit̚⁴³⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²³/

/d͡zit̚¹⁴⁻³³ tʰau²¹³/

/d͡zit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/let̚²³⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/ɲət̚²⁴ tʰəu²¹/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ¹¹ dɤ²³/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ¹¹ dø²⁴/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ²² dɯ⁵³/

/ɦn̠ʲiəʔ²² dɵ⁵⁵/

/n̠ʲieʔ¹¹ dɤ⁵²/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ²² dœʏ³⁵/

/n̠ʲiɪʔ³³ døy/

/n̠ʲiəʔ²¹ diu¹⁴/

/ʐ̩²⁴ təu̯³/

/ni³⁵ di̯ɤ¹³⁻³³/

/ʑ̊i¹¹ d̥ɘu̯¹¹/

(dialectal Hakka, Huizhou, Puxian Min, dialectal Wu) sunlight


主意

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴ i⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ i⁵¹/

/t͡su⁵³ i²¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ i⁵¹/

/t͡syː³⁵ jiː³³/

/t͡ʃu²⁴⁻³³ ʒi¹¹/

/t͡sɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ i⁴²/

/t͡sou⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ i⁴²/

/t͡sɔu³³²⁻²¹ i⁴²/

/t͡sou³³²⁻²¹ i⁴²/

/t͡sɔ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ i⁴²/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i²¹/

/t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i⁴¹/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i²¹/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i¹¹/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ i²¹/

/t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ i²¹³/

/t͡sz̩³³ i⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴ i⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ i⁵¹/

/t͡su⁵³ i²¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹ i⁵¹/

/t͡syː³⁵ jiː³³/

/t͡ʃu²⁴⁻³³ ʒi¹¹/

/t͡sɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ i⁴²/

/t͡sou⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ i⁴²/

/t͡sɔu³³²⁻²¹ i⁴²/

/t͡sou³³²⁻²¹ i⁴²/

/t͡sɔ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ i⁴²/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i²¹/

/t͡su⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ i⁴¹/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i²¹/

/t͡su⁵³⁻⁴⁴ i¹¹/

/t͡su⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ i²¹/

/t͡su⁵²⁻³⁵ i²¹³/

/t͡sz̩³³ i⁴⁴/

(Puxian Min) to maintain a position; to advocate; to stand for something


西北

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (西北):
* → Japanese: 西北(せいほく) (seihoku)
* → Korean: 서북(西北) (seobuk)
* → Vietnamese: tây bắc (西北)

/ɕi⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

/ɬai⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾aʔ²¹/

/ɬai⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaʔ²/

/sai⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/sai⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/ɕi⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sɐi̯⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/

/ɬai⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾aʔ²¹/

/ɬai⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βaʔ²/

/sai⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/sai⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/se⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/se⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) summer shower; convectional rain


黃瓜

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ g̊u̯ä³/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kʷaː⁵⁵/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁵/

/ŋ̍²³⁻³³ kue⁴⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kue³³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kue⁴⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ kue⁴⁴/

/ŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kue³³/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ko⁴⁴/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ku̯ä⁵⁵/

/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ g̊u̯ä³/

/wɔːŋ²¹ kʷaː⁵⁵/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁵/

/ŋ̍²³⁻³³ kue⁴⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kue³³/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻²² kue⁴⁴/

/ŋ̍²⁴⁻¹¹ kue⁴⁴/

/ŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kue³³/

/ɦuɑ̃²² ko⁴⁴/

(Eastern Min, Puxian Min) yellow croaker (Larimichthys)


下手

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʂɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː²² sɐu̯³⁵/

/ɒ¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁴⁵³/

/e²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/e³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/e³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/ha³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/ha³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʂɤʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː²² sɐu̯³⁵/

/ɒ¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁴⁵³/

/e²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/e³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/e³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/ha³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/ha³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/he²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/he³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/he³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/hɛ²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/haː²² sɐu̯³⁵/

/he²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/he³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁴¹/

/he³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/

/hɛ²²⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁵³/


大官

/tä⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² kuã³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² kuã³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²¹ kuã³³/

/ta⁴⁴⁻²² kuã⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁻³³ kuã⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²³ kũã³³/

/tua¹¹ kũã³³/

/ta³³⁻²¹ kuã³³/

/ta⁴⁴⁻²² kuã⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁻³³ kuã⁴⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ kuã⁴⁴/

/ta³³⁻²³ kũã³³/

/tua¹¹ kũã³³/

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) father-in-law (husband's father)


目睭

/mɛiʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sieu⁵⁵/

/møyʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sieu⁵⁵/

/maʔ⁴⁻²¹ t͡siu⁵³³/

/maʔ⁴⁻² t͡siu⁵⁴⁴/

/bak̚²⁴⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/bak̚⁴³⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/bak̚³²⁻²¹ t͡siu³³⁴/

/mɛiʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sieu⁵⁵/

/møyʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sieu⁵⁵/

/maʔ⁴⁻²¹ t͡siu⁵³³/

/maʔ⁴⁻² t͡siu⁵⁴⁴/

/bak̚²⁴⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/bak̚⁴³⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/

/bak̚³²⁻²¹ t͡siu³³⁴/

The light of the body is the eye: if therefore thine eye be single, thy whole body shall be full of light.

福州土腔聖經 (Foochow Bible), 馬太福音 (Matthew) 6:22

Sĭng-tā̤ gì dĭng sê mĕk-ciŭ, nṳ̄ mĕk-ciŭ cĭng, cêu ciòng sĭng dŭ sê guŏng. / [siŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^((tʰ-))nɛ³³ ki⁵³ tiŋ⁵⁵ sɛi²⁴² mɛiʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sieu⁵⁵ nˡy³³ mɛiʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sieu⁵⁵ t͡siŋ⁵⁵ t͡siɛu²⁴² t͡suoŋ⁵³ siŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵ sɛi²⁴² kuoŋ⁵⁵]

身體其燈是目睭、汝目睭精、就全身都是光。

身体其灯是目睭、汝目睭精、就全身都是光。

(Hokkien, Northern Min, Eastern Min, Puxian Min) eye (Classifier: 蕊 mn; 雙／双 mn)


無量

/u³⁵ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/mou̯²¹ lœːŋ²¹/

/bu²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ⁴¹/

/bu²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²²/

/bu¹³⁻²² liaŋ²²/

/u³⁵ li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/

/mou̯²¹ lœːŋ²¹/

/bu²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ⁴¹/

/bu²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²²/

/bu¹³⁻²² liaŋ²²/

/po¹³⁻⁴² lyɒŋ¹¹/

/po²⁴⁻⁴² lyøŋ²¹/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ liɔŋ³³/

/bo²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²²/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ liɔŋ³³/

/bo²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ⁴¹/

/bo¹³⁻²² liaŋ²²/

/po¹³⁻⁴² lyɒŋ¹¹/

/po²⁴⁻⁴² lyøŋ²¹/

/bo²⁴⁻¹¹ liɔŋ³³/

/bo²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²²/

/bɤ²³⁻³³ liɔŋ³³/

/bo²⁴⁻²² liɔŋ⁴¹/

/bo¹³⁻²² liaŋ²²/


落屎

→ English: lao sai

→ Mandarin: 烙賽 /烙赛 (làosài)

/lau⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬai⁴⁵³/

/lau⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬai³³²/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sai⁵⁵⁴/

/lau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sai⁵²⁻²¹/

/lau⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬai⁴⁵³/

/lau⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬai³³²/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sai⁵⁵⁴/

/lau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sai⁵²⁻²¹/

(Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min, Zhao'an Hakka) to have diarrhea


小額

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤ³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ ŋaːk̚²⁻³⁵/

/ɬieu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kɛʔ⁴/

/ɬieu³³²⁻²¹ kɛʔ⁴/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤ³⁵/

/siːu̯³⁵ ŋaːk̚²⁻³⁵/

/ɬieu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kɛʔ⁴/

/ɬieu³³²⁻²¹ kɛʔ⁴/

(Puxian Min, historical) food coupon; grain coupon; ration stamp (certificate tokens used for rationing of food)


頭家

desc

→ Burmese: ထောင်ကဲ (htaungkai:, “honorific term for a Chinese man”)

→ English: towkay, taoke

→ Lao: ເຖົ້າແກ່ (thao kǣ)

→ Tai Dam: ꪹꪖ꫁ꪱꪵꪀ꪿

→ Tai Dam: ꪹꪖ꫁ꪱꪵꪀ꪿

desctree

→ Malay: tauke
> Indonesian: tauke (inherited)
→ Tausug: tawki

→ Puyuma: tawki

→ Rukai: tawki

→ Sakizaya: tawki

→ Tagalog: taoke

desc

→ Thai: เถ้าแก่ (tâo-gɛ̀ɛ)

→ Thai: เถ้าแก่ (tâo-gɛ̀ɛ)

→ Khmer: ថៅកែ (thaw kae)

→ Vietnamese: tào kê

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/tʰau¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒ⁵³³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒ⁵⁴⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻¹¹ ke⁵³³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ ke⁵⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² ke³³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau²³⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ke³³/

/tʰau²² kɛ³⁵/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ kaː⁵⁵/

/tʰau¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒ⁵³³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒ⁵⁴⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻¹¹ ke⁵³³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ ke⁵⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² ke³³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau²³⁻³³ ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² ke⁴⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ke³³/

/tʰau²² kɛ³⁵/


逆天

/ni⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/jɪk̚² tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/kiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰɛŋ⁵³³/

/kiʔ⁴⁻² tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

/ni⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/jɪk̚² tʰiːn⁵⁵/

/kiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰɛŋ⁵³³/

/kiʔ⁴⁻² tʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² tʰĩ⁴⁴/

/ɡiɪk̚⁴⁻³² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) excessive and unreasonable


逐年

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/tak̚²⁴⁻² ni²⁴/

/tak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nĩ¹³/

/tak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ²³/

/tak̚⁴³⁻²¹ ni²⁴/

/tak̚²⁴⁻² nĩ²⁴/

/tak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ²⁴/

/tiɔk̚⁴⁻³² liɛn²⁴/

/tiɔk̚²⁴⁻² liɛn²⁴/

/tiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ liɛn¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂu³⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/tak̚²⁴⁻² ni²⁴/

/tak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ nĩ¹³/

/tak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ²³/

/tak̚⁴³⁻²¹ ni²⁴/

/tak̚²⁴⁻² nĩ²⁴/

/tak̚⁴⁻³² nĩ²⁴/

/tiɔk̚⁴⁻³² liɛn²⁴/

/tiɔk̚²⁴⁻² liɛn²⁴/

/tiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ liɛn¹³/

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) every year; yearly


出神

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ sɐn²¹/

/t͡sʰɔʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬiŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰuoʔ²⁻⁴ ɬiŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ sin²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ sin²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ sin¹³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ sin²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ sin²³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂən³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ sɐn²¹/

/t͡sʰɔʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬiŋ¹³/

/t͡sʰuoʔ²⁻⁴ ɬiŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ sin²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ sin²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ sin¹³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ sin²⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ sin²³/

(Puxian Min) to make its presence or power felt (of a god)


風光

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/fuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/hɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ kɒŋ⁵³³/

/hɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ kuaŋ³³/

/foŋ⁵⁵ kuɑ̃²¹/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/fuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/hɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ kɒŋ⁵³³/

/hɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ kuaŋ³³/

/foŋ⁵⁵ kuɑ̃²¹/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ g̊u̯ɑŋ²/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ g̊u̯ɑŋ²/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/fuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ koŋ²⁴/

/hɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ kɒŋ⁵³³/

/hɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ kɔŋ³³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/


變形

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/piːn³³ jɪŋ²¹/

/pɛŋ⁴² hiŋ¹³/

/pɛŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ hiŋ²⁴/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/piɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ¹³/

/piɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɪŋ²³/

/pi̯ɛn⁵¹ ɕiŋ³⁵/

/piːn³³ jɪŋ²¹/

/pɛŋ⁴² hiŋ¹³/

/pɛŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ hiŋ²⁴/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/piɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ¹³/

/piɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ hiɪŋ²⁴/

/piɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɪŋ²³/

(Puxian Min) to change (of one's personality)


光棍

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ən⁵¹/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯əɻ⁵¹/

/kuɑŋ²⁴ kuŋ²⁴/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn³³/

/kuɒ̃¹¹ kuŋ⁴⁵/

/kuaŋ⁵⁴ kɔŋ³³/

/kuoŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋouŋ²¹³/

/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔŋ⁴²/

/kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ⁴²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun²¹/

/kɔŋ³³ kun⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun²¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun¹¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun²¹/

/kuɑ̃⁵⁵ kuən²¹/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ən⁵¹/

/ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯əɻ⁵¹/

/kuɑŋ²⁴ kuŋ²⁴/

/kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn³³/

/kuɒ̃¹¹ kuŋ⁴⁵/

/kuaŋ⁵⁴ kɔŋ³³/

/kuoŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋouŋ²¹³/

/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɔŋ⁴²/

/kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuoŋ⁴²/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun²¹/

/kɔŋ³³ kun⁴¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun²¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun¹¹/

/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun²¹/

/kuɑ̃⁵⁵ kuən²¹/

Kǒngpà shì wàifāng de shénme guānggùn, dǎ zhe tàizūn de qíhào, dàochù lái piàn rén de qián. Nǐ bùyào shàng tā de dàng!

恐怕是外方的甚麼光棍，打著太尊的旗號，到處來騙人的錢。你不要上他的當！

恐怕是外方的什么光棍，打着太尊的旗号，到处来骗人的钱。你不要上他的当！

(Cantonese, Leizhou Min, Hainanese, Eastern Min, Puxian Min, dated in Mandarin) conman; swindler; trickster


入木

/tiʔ⁴⁻²¹ paʔ⁴/

/liʔ⁴⁻² paʔ⁴/

/zip̚⁴⁻³² bɔk̚⁴/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² bɔk̚⁴/

/tiʔ⁴⁻²¹ paʔ⁴/

/liʔ⁴⁻² paʔ⁴/

/zip̚⁴⁻³² bɔk̚⁴/

/lip̚⁴⁻³² bɔk̚⁴/

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) to put a corpse in a coffin; to encoffin


鼓吹

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰui³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰui³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰui⁴⁴/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡sʰə³³/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰə³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻²⁴ t͡sʰə⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯³³/

/kuː³⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡sʰə³³/

/kɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰə³³/

/kɔ⁵³⁻²⁴ t͡sʰə⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/kɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuei⁵³³/

/kɔu³³²⁻²¹ t͡sʰuei⁵⁴⁴/

/kɔu⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuei⁵³³/

/kɔu³³²⁻²¹ t͡sʰuei⁵⁴⁴/

(Puxian Min) to speak ill of someone behind their back


洗蕩

/ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɐi̯³⁵ tɔːŋ²²/

/ɬe⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾luŋ¹¹/

/ɬe³³²⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nŋ̍²¹/

/se⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²²/

/se⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍³³/

/sue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²²/

/sue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍³³/

/sue⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tŋ̍²²/

/ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑŋ⁵¹/

/sɐi̯³⁵ tɔːŋ²²/

/ɬe⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾luŋ¹¹/

/ɬe³³²⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nŋ̍²¹/

/se⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²²/

/se⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍³³/

/sue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍²²/

/sue⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍³³/

/sue⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tŋ̍²²/

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) to wash; to cleanse


煙塵

/ɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɔŋ¹³/

/ɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nuoŋ²⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰun²⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tʰun¹³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tʰun²⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰun²³/

/ɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɔŋ¹³/

/ɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nuoŋ²⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰun²⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tʰun¹³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tʰun²⁴/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰun²³/


柴草

/ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaːi̯²¹ t͡sʰou̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰa²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰau⁵³/

/t͡sʰa²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰa¹³⁻²² t͡sʰau⁵³/

/t͡sʰa²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰau⁵³/

/t͡sʰa²³⁻³³ t͡sʰau⁴¹/

/za²² t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaːi̯²¹ t͡sʰou̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰa²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰau⁵³/

/t͡sʰa²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰau⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰa¹³⁻²² t͡sʰau⁵³/

/t͡sʰa²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰau⁵³/

/t͡sʰa²³⁻³³ t͡sʰau⁴¹/

/za²² t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴/


算法

/su̯än⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɬuaŋ⁴² haʔ²¹/

/ɬuoŋ⁴² haʔ²/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ huat̚³²/

/sŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ huat̚⁵/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ huat̚³²/

/sŋ̍¹¹⁻⁵³ huat̚³²/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁴¹ huat̚³²/

/sɯŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ huak̚²/

/su̯än⁵¹ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ɬuaŋ⁴² haʔ²¹/

/ɬuoŋ⁴² haʔ²/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ huat̚³²/

/sŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ huat̚⁵/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ huat̚³²/

/sŋ̍¹¹⁻⁵³ huat̚³²/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁴¹ huat̚³²/

/sɯŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ huak̚²/


空腹

/kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

/hʊŋ⁵⁵ fʊk̚⁵/

/kʰaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾maʔ²¹/

/kʰaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾maʔ²/

/kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/

/hʊŋ⁵⁵ fʊk̚⁵/

/kʰaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾maʔ²¹/

/kʰaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾maʔ²/

/kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/

/kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/

/kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/

(Mainland China Hokkien, Puxian Min) to be hollow


梅花

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/puei¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/puei²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/muĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/me̞i̯¹³ ɸa̠³³/

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/meɪ̯³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/

/muːi̯²¹ faː⁵⁵/

/puei¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/puei²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muĩ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/

/muĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/muãi²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/muẽ²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/me̞i̯¹³ ɸa̠³³/


成材

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sai¹³/

/ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sai²⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sai²⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai²⁴/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sai²³/

/t͡siã¹³⁻²² t͡sai¹³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/

/sɪŋ²¹ t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/ɬiŋ¹³⁻¹¹ t͡sai¹³/

/ɬiŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sai²⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sai²⁴/

/siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai²⁴/

/siɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sai²³/

/t͡siã¹³⁻²² t͡sai¹³/

/t͡siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sai²⁴/

/t͡siã²⁴⁻²² t͡sai²⁴/

/t͡siã¹³⁻²² t͡sai¹³/

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) to be of striking appearance; to be fine-looking and talented


直捷

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tiʔ⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɛʔ⁴/

/tiʔ⁴⁻² t͡sɛʔ⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

/tiʔ⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɛʔ⁴/

/tiʔ⁴⁻² t͡sɛʔ⁴/

(literary or Puxian Min) straightforward; blunt


姨媽

/jiː²¹ maː⁵⁵/

/i⁵³⁻³³ ma³³/

/i¹³⁻¹¹ ma⁴⁵³/

/i²⁴⁻²¹ ma³³²/

/i¹³⁻²² mã⁵³/

/i²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/i²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴/

/i²³⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ mã⁵³/

/jiː²¹ maː⁵⁵/

/i⁵³⁻³³ ma³³/

/i¹³⁻¹¹ ma⁴⁵³/

/i²⁴⁻²¹ ma³³²/

/i¹³⁻²² mã⁵³/

/i²⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/i²⁴⁻²² mã⁵⁵⁴/

/i²³⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/i²⁴⁻¹¹ mã⁵³/

(Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) great-aunt (grandmother's sister)


阿媽

→ English: ama

→ Tagalog: ama

/aː³³ maː¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/a³³⁻²³ ma⁵²/

/aː³³ maː¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/a³³⁻²³ ma⁵²/

阿妈
阿妈
阿嬤
俺媽
俺嬤
阿罵
阿妈
阿馬
阿瑪

(chiefly Southern Min, Puxian Min, dialectal Eastern Min, Zhao'an Hakka) grandmother


桌球

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːk̚³ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sœːk̚³ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/to¹¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iu¹³/

/to²¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iu²⁴/

/tɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kiu²³/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/t͡sʰœːk̚³ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/t͡sœːk̚³ kʰɐu̯²¹/

/to¹¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iu¹³/

/to²¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iu²⁴/

/tɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kiu²³/

(Taiwan or Southern Min, Puxian Min) table tennis


四角

/sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sei̯³³ kɔːk̚³/

/si²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɔyʔ²⁴/

/ɬi⁴² kaʔ²¹/

/si²¹⁻⁴¹ kak̚³²/

/si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kak̚⁵/

/si¹¹⁻⁵³ kak̚³²/

/si²¹⁻⁵³ kak̚³²/

/sz̩⁵¹ t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/sei̯³³ kɔːk̚³/

/si²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɔyʔ²⁴/

/ɬi⁴² kaʔ²¹/

/si²¹⁻⁴¹ kak̚³²/

/si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kak̚⁵/

/si¹¹⁻⁵³ kak̚³²/

/si²¹⁻⁵³ kak̚³²/

(Hokkien, Puxian Min, figurative) rigid; inflexible in following rules; inflexibly observant with the rules


我輩

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/ŋɔː¹³ puːi̯³³/

/ŋo³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βui²¹³/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pue¹¹/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pue²¹/

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ peɪ̯⁵¹/

/ŋɔː¹³ puːi̯³³/

/ŋo³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βui²¹³/

/ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pue¹¹/

/ŋɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pue²¹/

For hundreds of years, war rages on; we are Bu-tik

sò͘ pah nî, chiàn bē soah, ngó͘-pòe bú-tek

數百年 戰袂煞 我輩武德

数百年 战袂煞 我辈武德


䫌

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): phonetic 卑 + semantic 頁 (“leaf”).

Han compound

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) side of cheeks or buttocks


大字

Insular Government of the Philippine Islands

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² t͡siː²²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ li³³/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² li⁴¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ li²²/

/tua²²⁻²¹ d͡zi²²/

/tua³³⁻²¹ zi³³/

/tä⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/taːi̯²² t͡siː²²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ li³³/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² li⁴¹/

/tua²²⁻²¹ li²²/

/tua²²⁻²¹ d͡zi²²/

/tua³³⁻²¹ zi³³/


草稿

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kaʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰau⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁴⁵³/

/t͡sʰau³³²⁻²¹ ko³³²/

/t͡sʰo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ko⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɤ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko⁵³/

/t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko⁵³/

/t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɤ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰau⁵²⁻³⁵ ko⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kaʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰau⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁴⁵³/

/t͡sʰau³³²⁻²¹ ko³³²/

/t͡sʰo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ko⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɤ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko⁵³/

/t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko⁵³/

/t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɤ⁴¹/

/t͡sʰau⁵²⁻³⁵ ko⁵²⁻²¹/


平平

/pʰiŋ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/pã²⁴⁻⁵⁵ pã²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻²² pĩ²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ pĩ²⁴/

/pɛ̃¹³⁻²² pɛ̃¹³/

/pẽ²³⁻³³ pẽ²³/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/pã²⁴⁻⁵⁵ pã²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻²² pĩ²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ pĩ²⁴/

/pɛ̃¹³⁻²² pɛ̃¹³/

/pẽ²³⁻³³ pẽ²³/

/pʰi̯ɛn³⁵ pʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/pʰi̯ɛn³⁵ pʰi̯ɛn³⁵/


平平

/pʰiŋ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/pã²⁴⁻⁵⁵ pã²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻²² pĩ²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ pĩ²⁴/

/pɛ̃¹³⁻²² pɛ̃¹³/

/pẽ²³⁻³³ pẽ²³/

/pʰiŋ³⁵ pʰiŋ³⁵/

/pʰɪŋ²¹ pʰɪŋ²¹/

/pã²⁴⁻⁵⁵ pã²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻²² pĩ²⁴/

/pĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ pĩ²⁴/

/pɛ̃¹³⁻²² pɛ̃¹³/

/pẽ²³⁻³³ pẽ²³/

/pʰi̯ɛn³⁵ pʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/pʰi̯ɛn³⁵ pʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

兩个平平好。

两个平平好。


勞工

/lɑʊ̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lou̯²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/l̃o⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾øyŋ⁵⁵/

/lo²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/lo¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/lɑʊ̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/lou̯²¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/l̃o⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾øyŋ⁵⁵/

/lo²⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/lɤ²³⁻³³ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/lo¹³⁻²² kaŋ⁴⁴/

/lo²⁴⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/lɔ²⁴⁻²² kaŋ³³/

/lɒ¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵³³/

/lɒ²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/lɒ¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵³³/

/lɒ²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

(Puxian Min) to hold a sacrificial ceremony and a banquet to reward the craftsmen, relatives and friends (after the main beam is installed in a building)


畫面

waa⁶⁻² min⁶⁻²

/xu̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

waa⁶⁻² min⁶⁻²

wa⁶⁻² min⁶⁻²

/waː²²⁻³⁵ miːn²²⁻³⁵/

/ua¹¹⁻⁵⁵ miŋ⁴²/

/ua²¹⁻⁵⁵ miŋ⁴²/

/ue³³⁻²¹ bin³³/

/ue⁴¹⁻²² bin⁴¹/

/ue³³⁻¹¹ bin³³/

/ua²²⁻²¹ bin²²/

/ui²²⁻²¹ bin²²/

/xu̯ä⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/waː²²⁻³⁵ miːn²²⁻³⁵/

/ua¹¹⁻⁵⁵ miŋ⁴²/

/ua²¹⁻⁵⁵ miŋ⁴²/

/ue³³⁻²¹ bin³³/

/ue⁴¹⁻²² bin⁴¹/

/ue³³⁻¹¹ bin³³/

/ua²²⁻²¹ bin²²/

/ui²²⁻²¹ bin²²/

(Puxian Min) opera actors' facial makeup


總數

/t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siau⁴¹/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau¹¹/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siau²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siau⁴¹/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau²¹/

/t͡sɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau¹¹/

/t͡sɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siau²¹/


利便

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/l̃i²⁴²⁻⁵³ piɛŋ²⁴²/

/li¹¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ɛŋ¹¹/

/li²¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɛŋ²¹/

/li²²⁻²¹ piɛn²²/

/li⁴¹⁻²² piɛn⁴¹/

/li²²⁻²¹ piɛn²²/

/li³³⁻¹¹ piɛn³³/

/li³³⁻²¹ piɛn³³/

/li⁵¹⁻⁵³ pi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/l̃i²⁴²⁻⁵³ piɛŋ²⁴²/

/li¹¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ɛŋ¹¹/

/li²¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɛŋ²¹/

/li²²⁻²¹ piɛn²²/

/li⁴¹⁻²² piɛn⁴¹/

/li²²⁻²¹ piɛn²²/

/li³³⁻¹¹ piɛn³³/

/li³³⁻²¹ piɛn³³/

(literary or Hakka, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) convenient


我儂

→ Malay: kita orang, kitorang (calque)

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

/kuaʔ³²⁻⁴ naŋ¹³/

/kuaʔ³²⁻⁴ naŋ²⁴/

/ɡua⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/ua⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/ua⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/ŋu²² noŋ⁴⁴/

/ɦu²² noŋ⁴⁴/

/wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ nʊŋ³⁵/

/kuaʔ³²⁻⁴ naŋ¹³/

/kuaʔ³²⁻⁴ naŋ²⁴/

/ɡua⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/ua⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ laŋ²³/

/ua⁴²⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/ŋu²² noŋ⁴⁴/

/ɦu²² noŋ⁴⁴/

used without 的; GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(dialectal, chiefly Wu, Gan, Puxian Min) I; me


大廳

/tua³³⁻¹¹ tʰiã⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ tʰiã⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ tʰiã⁴⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ tʰiã⁴⁴/

(Puxian Min) central ceremonial space in traditional homes (featuring a long altar table with shrines for deities and ancestral tablets; serves as the venue for important family ceremonies including weddings and funerals)


出鬼

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɔʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kui⁴⁵³/

/t͡sʰuoʔ²⁻⁴ kui³³²/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɔʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kui⁴⁵³/

/t͡sʰuoʔ²⁻⁴ kui³³²/


數目

/ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/

/sɔ²¹⁻⁵³ bɔk̚⁴/

/sɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bɔk̚²⁴/

/sɔ²¹⁻⁵³ bɔk̚¹²¹/

/sɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ bɔk̚⁴/

/sɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ bɔk̚⁴/

/ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ mu⁵¹/

/sɔ²¹⁻⁵³ bɔk̚⁴/

/sɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bɔk̚²⁴/

/sɔ²¹⁻⁵³ bɔk̚¹²¹/

/sɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ bɔk̚⁴/

/sɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ bɔk̚⁴/

/ɬieu⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵐ⁻⁾aʔ⁴/

/siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bak̚²⁴/

/siau²¹⁻⁵³ bak̚¹²¹/

/ɬieu⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵐ⁻⁾aʔ⁴/

/siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ bak̚²⁴/

/siau²¹⁻⁵³ bak̚¹²¹/

(Hokkien, Puxian Min, finance) item in accounts; entry; accounts


事體

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː²² tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/zz̩²² tʰi⁴⁴/

/zz̩²³ tʰi¹¹/

/zz̩²² tʰi⁴⁴/

/zz̩²² tʰi¹³/

/zz̩²² tʰi³³/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ tʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siː²² tʰɐi̯³⁵/

/zz̩²² tʰi⁴⁴/

/zz̩²³ tʰi¹¹/

/zz̩²² tʰi⁴⁴/

/zz̩²² tʰi¹³/

/zz̩²² tʰi³³/

⁸geq-tsaon ⁶zy-thi ⁶non ⁶zhieu ⁶viau ⁵kaon ⁰leq

搿樁事體儂就覅講了！

搿桩事体侬就覅讲了！

Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18ᵗʰ century CE

Xuē Pán biàn bǎ Xiānglián qiánhòu shìtǐ shuō le yī biàn.

薛蟠便把湘蓮前後事體說了一遍。

薛蟠便把湘莲前后事体说了一遍。

Tīng shuō fǔ lǐ dàrén bù jiàn tā fùqīn, yǐ dào yámén lǐtóu qiú shīyé qù le, Wú shì biàn zhī shìtǐ bùhǎo, lìkè jiào rén bǎ sān bān tóu'ér qǐng lái.

聽說府裡大人不見他父親，已到衙門裡頭求師爺去了，吳氏便知事體不好，立刻叫人把三班頭兒請來。

听说府里大人不见他父亲，已到衙门里头求师爷去了，吴氏便知事体不好，立刻叫人把三班头儿请来。

¹au-fen-gheq ⁶zy-thi-meq ⁶zan-tsaon ⁶yeu

拗分個事體末常莊有。

拗分个事体末常庄有。

2022, 上海话阿尼亚这么可爱？？沪语配音【间谍过家家】！, fandub of SPY×FAMILY [SPY×FAMILY]:

⁶veq₈-le-se ⁰gheq ⁰ya ⁷iq-zeq ⁸diq-nen ⁵shian ⁰gheq ⁶ghe-gho ⁶wu ⁶zy ⁷saq-seu ⁸geq-tsaon ⁶zy-thi ⁶veq₈-jieu ⁷peq ⁶gnin-ka ⁵shiau-teq-leq

That's not ok! If I keep thinking like this, the thing about me being an assassin would be known to everyone!

勿來三個呀！一直迭能想個閒話，我是殺手搿樁事體勿就撥人家曉得了。

勿来三个呀！一直迭能想个闲话，我是杀手搿桩事体勿就拨人家晓得了。

(literary or Puxian Min, Wu) thing; matter


月娘

/ɡe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² niu²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ niũ²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ niu²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁵³⁻¹ niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)³⁵⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ niu²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)²³⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁵⁴⁻¹² niũ²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)³⁻²¹ niɔ̃²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻¹ niɔ̃²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ niɔ̃¹³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ niũ²³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁵⁻¹ niũ¹³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁵⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ niu²⁴/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² nie⁵⁵/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² nio⁵⁵/

/buɛ³³ niɔ²²/

/ɡe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² niu²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ niũ²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ niu²⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁵³⁻¹ niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)³⁵⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ niu²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)²³⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)⁵⁴⁻¹² niũ²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)³⁻²¹ niɔ̃²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻¹ niɔ̃²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ niɔ̃¹³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ niũ²³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁵⁻¹ niũ¹³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁵⁻² niũ²⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ niu²⁴/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² nie⁵⁵/

/ɡueʔ⁴⁻² nio⁵⁵/

/buɛ³³ niɔ²²/

(Southern Min, Puxian Min, dialectal Hakka, colloquial) moon


日頭花

/ʐ̩⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/tiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/li²⁴⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))au²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁴⁴/

dih⁷ tao² hua¹ [Phonetic:dih⁶ tao⁵ hua¹]

/tiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³⁻¹¹ hua⁵³³/

/tʰɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uo⁵³³/

tih⁷ tao² hua¹ [Phonetic:tih⁶ tao⁵ hua¹]

/tʰiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³⁻¹¹ hua⁵³³/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

/ʐ̩⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/

/tiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/li²⁴⁻²¹ ^((tʰ-))au²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁴⁴/

/tiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³⁻¹¹ hua⁵³³/

/tʰɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uo⁵³³/

/tʰiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³⁻¹¹ hua⁵³³/

/zit̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/

/lit̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/

(Puxian Min) scattered sunlight, intermittent sunshine


阿妹

/ˀä⁵⁵ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/aː³³ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/aː³³ muːi̯²²⁻⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mẽ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mãi⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mue²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ mue¹¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ meɪ̯⁵¹/

/aː³³ muːi̯²²⁻³⁵/

/aː³³ muːi̯²²⁻⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mẽ²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mãi⁴⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mue²⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ mue¹¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, dialectal Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min, Wu) younger sister


阿弟

→ Macanese: atâi

/a⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾li¹¹/

/a⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾li²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² ti⁴⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ ti³⁵/

/a⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾li¹¹/

/a⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾li²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² ti⁴⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ ti³⁵/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Southern Min, Puxian Min, Wu, Zhao'an Hakka) younger brother


王梨

→ Bunun: bunglai

→ Kavalan: unglay

→ Thao: unglai

→ Tsou: 'ungeai

/uoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡi⁵³/

/ɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ lai¹³/

/ɒŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nai²⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ lai²³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²¹ lai²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lai²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² lai²⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² lai¹³/

/ɔ²²⁻¹¹ lai²⁴/

/ɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ lai²¹³/

/uaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lai⁵⁵/

/uoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡi⁵³/

/ɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ lai¹³/

/ɒŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nai²⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ lai²³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²¹ lai²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lai²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² lai²⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² lai¹³/

/ɔ²²⁻¹¹ lai²⁴/

/ɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ lai²¹³/

/uaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lai⁵⁵/

鳳萊
鳳梨
旺梨
旺來
𦬬萊
王萊
王來
黃梨

(Eastern Min, Hokkien, Puxian Min, Singapore Teochew and Pontianak Teochew) pineapple


智識

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (智識):
* → Vietnamese: trí thức (智識)

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡siː³³ sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sɨ⁵⁵ sɨt̚²/

/t͡ʃi¹¹ ʃit⁵/

/ti⁴² ɬiʔ²¹/

/ti¹¹⁻⁵³ siɪk̚³²/

/ti²¹⁻⁵³ siɪk̚³²/

/ti²¹⁻⁴² sek̚³²/

/ti²¹⁻⁴¹ siɪk̚³²/

/ti⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siak̚⁵/

/ti²¹⁻⁵³ sit̚³²/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡siː³³ sɪk̚⁵/

/t͡sɨ⁵⁵ sɨt̚²/

/t͡ʃi¹¹ ʃit⁵/

/ti⁴² ɬiʔ²¹/

/ti¹¹⁻⁵³ siɪk̚³²/

/ti²¹⁻⁵³ siɪk̚³²/

/ti²¹⁻⁴² sek̚³²/

/ti²¹⁻⁴¹ siɪk̚³²/

/ti⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siak̚⁵/

/ti²¹⁻⁵³ sit̚³²/

(literary or Hokkien, Puxian Min, Cantonese, Taiwanese Hakka) knowledge (from learning or experience)


交朋友

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ pʰɐŋ²¹ jɐu̯¹³/

gao¹ beng² iu³ [Phonetic:gao⁵ eng⁵ ngiu³]

/kau⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋiu⁴⁵³/

gao¹ beng² iu³ [Phonetic:gao⁵ beng⁵ ngiu³]

/kau⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ pɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋiu³³²/

/t͡ɕiɔ⁴⁴ bã²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴ bã²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔ³³⁴ bɑŋ²² iø⁵³/

/t͡ɕiɔ³³⁴ boŋ²² iø⁵³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯³/

/t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ pʰɤŋ³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kaːu̯⁵⁵ pʰɐŋ²¹ jɐu̯¹³/

/kau⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋiu⁴⁵³/

/kau⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ pɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋiu³³²/

/t͡ɕiɔ⁴⁴ bã²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴ bã²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕiɔ³³⁴ bɑŋ²² iø⁵³/

/t͡ɕiɔ³³⁴ boŋ²² iø⁵³/

(Puxian Min, poker) a four-player poker game


粗大

/t͡sʰu⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰou̯⁵⁵ taːi̯²²/

/t͡sʰɔu⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lua¹¹/

/t͡sʰɔu⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lua²¹/

/t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tua²²/

/t͡sʰɔ³³ tua⁴¹/

/t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tua²²/

/t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tua³³/

/t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tua³³/

/t͡sʰu⁵⁵ tä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰou̯⁵⁵ taːi̯²²/

/t͡sʰɔu⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lua¹¹/

/t͡sʰɔu⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lua²¹/

/t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tua²²/

/t͡sʰɔ³³ tua⁴¹/

/t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴⁻²² tua²²/

/t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tua³³/

/t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ tua³³/

(Puxian Min) critical, serious (of problems)


頭先

Sino-Xenic (頭先):
* → Vietnamese: đầu tiên (頭先)

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ siːn⁵⁵/

/heu²² ɬen³³⁻³³⁵/

/tʰɐu⁴² ɬin³³/

/tʰeu¹¹ ɕiɛn⁴⁴/

/tʰa⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰau²³⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ seŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² suĩ³³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ sãi⁴⁴/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sõĩ³³/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sãĩ³³/

/tʰoʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

/tʰɐu̯²¹ siːn⁵⁵/

/heu²² ɬen³³⁻³³⁵/

/tʰɐu⁴² ɬin³³/

/tʰeu¹¹ ɕiɛn⁴⁴/

/tʰa⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰau²³⁻³³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ seŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰau¹³⁻²² siɪŋ⁴⁴/

/tʰau²⁴⁻²² suĩ³³/

/tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ sãi⁴⁴/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sõĩ³³/

/tʰau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sãĩ³³/

nei⁵ m⁴ hai⁶ tau⁴ sin¹ heoi³ zo² gaa³ me¹?

你唔係頭先去咗㗎咩？

你唔系头先去咗㗎咩？

(dialectal, including Hokkien, Puxian Min) just; just now; a moment ago


田洋

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/tʰi̯ɛn³⁵ jɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋieu¹³/

/t͡sʰɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋiu²⁴/

/t͡sʰan²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/t͡sʰan¹³⁻²² iɔ̃¹³/

/t͡sʰɛŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋieu¹³/

/t͡sʰɛŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋiu²⁴/

/t͡sʰan²⁴⁻²² iũ²⁴/

/t͡sʰan¹³⁻²² iɔ̃¹³/

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) wide flat farmland


今旦

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tän⁵¹/

/kiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑŋ²¹³/

/kiŋ⁵³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nua⁴²/

/kiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nua⁴²/

/kin⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã¹¹/

/kin⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã¹¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã²¹/

/kiŋ³⁵⁻³³ nua²¹/

/t͡ɕin⁵⁵ tän⁵¹/

/kiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑŋ²¹³/

/kiŋ⁵³³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nua⁴²/

/kiŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nua⁴²/

/kin⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã¹¹/

/kin⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã²¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã¹¹/

/kim⁴⁴⁻³³ tuã²¹/

/kiŋ³⁵⁻³³ nua²¹/

(Eastern Min, Datian Min, Hainanese, Leizhou Min, Puxian Min) today


耳囝

/ŋi²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iaŋ³³/

/hi²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ã³³²/

/hi¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾œ⁴⁵³/

/ŋi²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iaŋ³³/

/hi²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ã³³²/

/hi¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾œ⁴⁵³/

(Eastern Min, Puxian Min, Zhongshan Min) ear


老媽

→ French: vieille mère (calque)

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mä⁵⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mɑɻ⁵⁵/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵³ ma³³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ mã⁵³/

/lau³³⁻²¹ mã⁴¹/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ ma⁵²/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mä⁵⁵/

/lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mɑɻ⁵⁵/

/l̃au²⁴²⁻⁵³ ma³³/

/lau³³⁻¹¹ mã⁵³/

/lau³³⁻²¹ mã⁴¹/

/lau³⁵⁻¹¹ ma⁵²/

(Northern Min, Eastern Min, Puxian Min, dialectal Wu) wife


飛船

Sino-Xenic (飛船):
* → Vietnamese: phi thuyền (飛船)

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵/

/pui⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luŋ⁵³/

/pe⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun²⁴/

/pe⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun²⁴/

/pə⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun²⁴/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än³⁵/

/pui⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾luŋ⁵³/

/pe⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun²⁴/

/pe⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun²⁴/

/pə⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun²⁴/

(Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min, dated, still used in Tong'an, Kinmenese and Penang Hokkien) airplane


話語

/xu̯ä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waː²² jyː¹³/

/ua²⁴²⁻⁵³ ŋy³³/

/ua¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾y⁴⁵³/

/ua²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾y³³²/

/ue²²⁻²¹ ɡu⁵³/

/ue³³⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵³/

/ue⁴¹⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ua²²⁻²¹ ɡi⁵³/

/ue³³⁻²¹ ɡi⁴¹/

/ua²¹ ɡu⁴⁴⁵/

/ɦo²² n̠ʲy⁴⁴/

/xu̯ä⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/waː²² jyː¹³/

/ua²⁴²⁻⁵³ ŋy³³/

/ua¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾y⁴⁵³/

/ua²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾y³³²/

/ue²²⁻²¹ ɡu⁵³/

/ue³³⁻¹¹ ɡu⁵³/

/ue⁴¹⁻²² ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/ua²²⁻²¹ ɡi⁵³/

/ue³³⁻²¹ ɡi⁴¹/

/ua²¹ ɡu⁴⁴⁵/

/ɦo²² n̠ʲy⁴⁴/


算數

/su̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/su̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂuɻʷ⁵¹/

/ɬuaŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬɔu⁴²/

/ɬuoŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬɔu⁴²/

/sŋ̍¹¹⁻⁵³ siau¹¹/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁴² siau²¹/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ siau²¹/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁴¹ siau²¹/

/sŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siau⁴¹/

/suĩ²¹⁻⁵³ siau²¹/

/suan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɔ⁴¹/

/suan²¹⁻⁵³ sɔ²¹/

/sɯŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ siou²¹³/

/su̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂu⁵¹/

/su̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂuɻʷ⁵¹/

/ɬuaŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬɔu⁴²/

/ɬuoŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬɔu⁴²/

/sŋ̍¹¹⁻⁵³ siau¹¹/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁴² siau²¹/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ siau²¹/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁴¹ siau²¹/

/sŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siau⁴¹/

/suĩ²¹⁻⁵³ siau²¹/

/suan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɔ⁴¹/

/suan²¹⁻⁵³ sɔ²¹/

/sɯŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ siou²¹³/

/sŋ̍¹¹⁻⁵³ siau¹¹/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁴² siau²¹/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ siau²¹/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁴¹ siau²¹/

/sŋ̍⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siau⁴¹/

/suĩ²¹⁻⁵³ siau²¹/

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) to square; to settle accounts (with somebody); to get even


𩩍

(Eastern, Puxian and Southern Min) back of the body


客話

/kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/haːk̚³ waː²²⁻³⁵/

/kʰaʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ uɑ²⁴²/

/kʰa¹¹⁻⁴² ua¹¹/

/kʰa²¹⁻⁴² ua²¹/

/kʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² ue²²/

/kʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ue³³/

/kʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ue³³/

/kʰeʔ²⁻⁴ ue¹¹/

/kʰɛ⁵⁵ uɛ³⁵/

/kʰɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/

/haːk̚³ waː²²⁻³⁵/

/kʰaʔ²⁴⁻⁵³ uɑ²⁴²/

/kʰa¹¹⁻⁴² ua¹¹/

/kʰa²¹⁻⁴² ua²¹/

/kʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² ue²²/

/kʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ ue³³/

/kʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ue³³/

/kʰeʔ²⁻⁴ ue¹¹/

/kʰɛ⁵⁵ uɛ³⁵/


衫領

/saːm⁵⁵ lɛːŋ¹³/

/sam²⁴⁻¹¹ li̯aŋ²⁴/

/ɬɒ⁵³³⁻¹¹ nia⁴⁵³/

/ɬɒ̃⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ nia³³²/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² niã⁵³/

/sã³³ niã⁵⁵⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² niã⁵³/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ niã⁵³/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ niã⁴¹/

/saːm⁵⁵ lɛːŋ¹³/

/sam²⁴⁻¹¹ li̯aŋ²⁴/

/ɬɒ⁵³³⁻¹¹ nia⁴⁵³/

/ɬɒ̃⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ nia³³²/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² niã⁵³/

/sã³³ niã⁵⁵⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² niã⁵³/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ niã⁵³/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ niã⁴¹/

(Cantonese, Hakka, Huizhou, Southern Min, Puxian Min, Pinghua) collar (of a shirt)


使錢

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/sɐi̯³⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/sᵘɔi⁵⁵ tʰen²²⁻²²⁵/

/sɨ³¹ t͡sʰi̯en¹¹/

/sz̩³¹ t͡ɕʰiɛn¹¹/

/ɬai⁴⁵³⁻¹³ t͡siŋ¹³/

/ɬai³³²⁻⁵⁵ t͡siŋ²⁴/

/sai⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sĩ⁵⁵/

/ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/

/sɐi̯³⁵ t͡sʰiːn²¹⁻³⁵/

/sᵘɔi⁵⁵ tʰen²²⁻²²⁵/

/sɨ³¹ t͡sʰi̯en¹¹/

/sz̩³¹ t͡ɕʰiɛn¹¹/

/ɬai⁴⁵³⁻¹³ t͡siŋ¹³/

/ɬai³³²⁻⁵⁵ t͡siŋ²⁴/

/sai⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sĩ⁵⁵/

Don't spend your money on me this Christmas!

ni¹ go³ sing³ daan³ m⁴ hou² wai⁶ zo² ngo⁵ sai² cin⁴⁻²!

呢個聖誕唔好為咗我使錢！

呢个圣诞唔好为咗我使钱！

[…]常到婊子家裏去 胡使錢

after 1795, 李洙 (Lǐ Zhū) [Lee Soo] et al., chapter 93, in 重刊老乞大諺解 /重刊老乞大谚解 (Chóngkān Lǎoqǐdà Yànjiě) [Reprinted Nogeoldae, with Korean Interpretation]^(Ogura Coll. Asami Coll.), volume 2, page 91:

[…] always entering the houses of prostitutes, spending money with wild abandon

챵ᄃᅶᄇᅸ즈쟈리ᄎᆔ 후시쳔
ciaq dao biao jy jia li ciui; hu si cien
쨩다ᇢ뱌ᇢ즈ᇫ갸례큐 ᅘᅮ시ᇫ쪈
jjiaq daw biaw jyz gia liei kiu; hhu siz jjien

(literary or Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, Puxian Min) to spend money


滾水

/ku̯ən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐn³⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/kun²⁴⁻³³ ʃui²⁴/

/kuŋ⁵³⁻¹¹ suei⁵³/

/kun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/kuŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sui⁵²⁻²¹/

/kuən⁵² sz̩ʷ³³/

/ku̯ən⁴¹ ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹/

/ku̯ən²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐn³⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/kun²⁴⁻³³ ʃui²⁴/

/kuŋ⁵³⁻¹¹ suei⁵³/

/kun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/kuŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sui⁵²⁻²¹/

/kuən⁵² sz̩ʷ³³/

/ku̯ən⁴¹ ɕy̯e̞i̯⁴¹/

(dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, dialectal Gan, Puxian Min) hot water


家私

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/ka⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾li⁵⁵/

/kɒ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))li⁵³³/

/kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))li⁵⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/kɛ³³⁻²¹ si³³/

/ke³³⁻²³ si³³/

/kɛ³⁵⁻³³ sai³⁵/

/kaː⁵⁵ siː⁵⁵/

/ka⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾li⁵⁵/

/kɒ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))li⁵³³/

/kɒ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))li⁵⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² si⁴⁴/

/kɛ³³⁻²¹ si³³/

/ke³³⁻²³ si³³/

/kɛ³⁵⁻³³ sai³⁵/

(Puxian Min) various utensils and simple scenery in traditional opera


家己

/ka⁵³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾e¹³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ki³³/

/ka³³⁻²¹ ki²¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ki²²/

/kai⁴¹⁻²² ki⁴¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ti²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ti³³/

/kai⁴⁴⁻²² ki²²/

/kiɛ³³⁴ ki²¹/

/ka³³⁻²³ ki¹¹/

/ka³³⁻²³ ti¹¹/

/ka³⁵⁻³³ ki³⁵/

/ka⁵³³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾e¹³/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ki³³/

/ka³³⁻²¹ ki²¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ki²²/

/kai⁴¹⁻²² ki⁴¹/

/ka⁴⁴⁻²² ti²²/

/ka⁴⁴⁻³³ ti³³/

/kai⁴⁴⁻²² ki²²/

/kiɛ³³⁴ ki²¹/

/ka³³⁻²³ ki¹¹/

/ka³³⁻²³ ti¹¹/

/ka³⁵⁻³³ ki³⁵/

家自
自己
骹己
交己
甲己
家治
甲治
加治
加忌
皆治
皆忌
佳已
膠己

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) self; oneself


飛鼠

Sino-Xenic (飛鼠):
* → Japanese: 飛鼠(ひそ) (hiso)
* → Korean: 비서(飛鼠) (biseo)

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puei⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰy³³²/

/pue⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi⁵³/

/pue⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi⁴¹/

/pue⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/pue⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰu⁴²/

/pe⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰu⁴²/

/pe⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/pe⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰu⁵³/

/pə⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɯ⁴²/

/pə³³ t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/hui⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi⁴¹/

/hui⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/puɛ³⁵⁻³³ t͡sʰu³¹/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/puei⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰy³³²/

/pue⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi⁵³/

/pue⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi⁴¹/

/pue⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/pue⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰu⁴²/

/pe⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰu⁴²/

/pe⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/pe⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰu⁵³/

/pə⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɯ⁴²/

/pə³³ t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵⁴/

/hui⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi⁴¹/

/hui⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/puɛ³⁵⁻³³ t͡sʰu³¹/

/pue⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi⁴¹/

/pue⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰu⁵³/

/pe⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰu⁵³/

In that day, men shall cast away their idols of silver and their idols of gold, which have been made for themselves to worship, to the moles and to the bats [World English Bible]

dong¹ go³ jat⁶, jan⁴ bit¹ kaai³ keoi⁵ ngan⁴ zou⁶ ge³ ngau⁵ zoeng⁶, waak⁶ gam¹ zou⁶ ge³ ngau⁵ zoeng⁶, zik¹ so² zing² lai⁴ baai³ ge³, wing¹ heoi³ bei² sou¹ syu² gung⁶ fei¹ syu² lai⁴ jung⁶

當個日、人必𢬿佢銀做嘅偶像、或金做嘅偶像、卽所整嚟拜嘅、𢫕去俾臊鼠共飛鼠嚟用

当个日、人必𢬿佢银做嘅偶像、或金做嘅偶像、即所整嚟拜嘅、𢫕去俾臊鼠共飞鼠嚟用

(ancient dialect or Cantonese, Hakka, Hainanese, Leizhou Min, Puxian Min, Pinghua, Guangxi Mandarin, Yuebei Tuhua) bat (small flying mammal of order Chiroptera) (Classifier: 隻／只 c)

ancient dialect or Cantonese; Guangxi Mandarin; ancient dialect or Cantonese; Guangxi Mandarin


弓蕉

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/ki̯uŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡seu̯²⁴/

/kiʊŋ⁴⁴ t͡ɕiau⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/keŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/ɡiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/kʰiɪŋ³³ t͡sio³³/

/kin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/

/keŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sio³³/

/keŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sie³³/

/kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/

/ki̯uŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡seu̯²⁴/

/kiʊŋ⁴⁴ t͡ɕiau⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sio⁴⁴/

/keŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/ɡiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sio⁴⁴/

/kʰiɪŋ³³ t͡sio³³/

/kin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡siɤ⁴⁴/

/keŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sio³³/

/keŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sie³³/

Referring to the banana's curved, bow-like shape.

(Hakka, Southern Min, Puxian Min, Malaysian Cantonese) banana (Classifier: 條／条 mn; 莢／荚 mn; 子 mn; 弓 mn)


法度

Sino-Xenic (法度):
* → Japanese: 法(はっ)度(と) (hatto)
* → Korean: 법도(法度) (beopdo)

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/haʔ²¹⁻⁴² tɔu¹¹/

/haʔ²⁻⁴ tɔu²¹/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ²²/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/huat̚³²⁻⁵ tɔ²²/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ³³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ³³/

/fä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tu⁵¹/

/haʔ²¹⁻⁴² tɔu¹¹/

/haʔ²⁻⁴ tɔu²¹/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ²²/

/huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/huat̚³²⁻⁵ tɔ²²/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ³³/

/huat̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ³³/

[If] it [happens this way, then] I have no way [to change it]/[to help you].

這項代誌我嘛無法度。

这项代志我嘛无法度。

(Hokkien, Puxian Min, Taiwanese Hakka) way; method


目屎膏

/maʔ⁴⁻²¹ ɬai⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ko⁵³³/

/maʔ⁴⁻² ɬai³³²⁻²¹ ko⁵⁴⁴/

mah⁷ sai³ ger¹ [Phonetic:mah⁶ sai⁵ ger¹]

/maʔ⁴⁻² ɬai³³²⁻²¹ kɤ⁵⁴⁴/

/bak̚²⁴⁻² sai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ko³³/

/bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ sai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko⁴⁴/

/bak̚⁴³⁻²¹ sai⁴²⁻²⁴ ko⁴⁴/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² sai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɤ⁴⁴/

/bak̚⁵⁴⁻³² sai⁵³⁻²⁴ ko⁴⁴/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² sai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko⁴⁴/

/bak̚³⁵⁻² sai⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ko³³/

/bak̚⁴⁻¹ sai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kɤ⁴⁴/

/bak̚⁵⁻² sai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ko⁴⁴/

/maʔ⁴⁻²¹ ɬai⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ ko⁵³³/

/maʔ⁴⁻² ɬai³³²⁻²¹ ko⁵⁴⁴/

/maʔ⁴⁻² ɬai³³²⁻²¹ kɤ⁵⁴⁴/

/bak̚²⁴⁻² sai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ko³³/

/bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ sai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko⁴⁴/

/bak̚⁴³⁻²¹ sai⁴²⁻²⁴ ko⁴⁴/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² sai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɤ⁴⁴/

/bak̚⁵⁴⁻³² sai⁵³⁻²⁴ ko⁴⁴/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² sai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko⁴⁴/

/bak̚³⁵⁻² sai⁵⁵⁻³⁵ ko³³/

/bak̚⁴⁻¹ sai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kɤ⁴⁴/

/bak̚⁵⁻² sai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ko⁴⁴/

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) sleep (substance found in the eyes after waking)


目屎

/muk⁵⁻² ʃi²⁴/

/mɛiʔ⁵⁻³³ sai³³/

/møyʔ⁵⁻³³ sai³³/

/maʔ⁴⁻²¹ ɬai⁴⁵³/

/maʔ⁴⁻² ɬai³³²/

/maʔ⁴⁻² θai³³²/

/bak̚²⁴⁻² sai⁵⁵⁴/

/bak̚³²⁻²¹ sai²¹/

/bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ sai⁵³/

/bak̚⁴³⁻²¹ sai⁴²/

/muk⁵⁻² ʃi²⁴/

/mɛiʔ⁵⁻³³ sai³³/

/møyʔ⁵⁻³³ sai³³/

/maʔ⁴⁻²¹ ɬai⁴⁵³/

/maʔ⁴⁻² ɬai³³²/

/maʔ⁴⁻² θai³³²/

/bak̚²⁴⁻² sai⁵⁵⁴/

/bak̚³²⁻²¹ sai²¹/

/bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ sai⁵³/

/bak̚⁴³⁻²¹ sai⁴²/

(Taining Gan, Hakka, Leizhou Min, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Central Min, Puxian Min) sleep (substance found in the eyes after waking)


目睭毛

mah⁷ ziu¹ mung² [Phonetic:mah⁶ ziu⁵ mung²]

/maʔ⁴⁻²¹ t͡siu⁵³³⁻¹¹ muŋ¹³/

mah⁷ ziu¹ mng² [Phonetic:mah⁶ ziu⁵ mng²]

/maʔ⁴⁻² t͡siu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² mɔ̃¹³/

/maʔ⁴⁻²¹ t͡siu⁵³³⁻¹¹ muŋ¹³/

/maʔ⁴⁻² t͡siu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² t͡siu⁴⁴⁻³³ mŋ̍²⁴/

/bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴⁴⁻²² mɔ̃¹³/

(Northern Min, Taiwanese Hokkien, Puxian Min) eyelash


出價

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ kaː³³/

/t͡sʰɔʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kɒ⁴²/

/t͡sʰuoʔ²⁻⁴ kɒ⁴²/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ ke⁴¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke¹¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ kɛ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ kaː³³/

/t͡sʰɔʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kɒ⁴²/

/t͡sʰuoʔ²⁻⁴ kɒ⁴²/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ ke⁴¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke¹¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ke²¹/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ kɛ²¹/

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) to bargain; to haggle the price (down)


收埋

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ maːi̯²¹/

/ɬiu⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ai¹³/

/ɬiu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βai²⁴/

/θiu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βai²⁴/

/sɐu̯⁵⁵ maːi̯²¹/

/ɬiu⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ai¹³/

/ɬiu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βai²⁴/

/θiu⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βai²⁴/

(Puxian Min) to put a corpse in a coffin; to encoffin


目鏡

/maʔ⁴ kĩã⁴²/

/bak̚²⁴⁻² kiã⁴¹/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² kiã²¹/

/bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kiã²¹/

/bak̚⁴³⁻²¹ kiã²¹/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² kiã¹¹/

/bak̚⁴⁻³ kiã²¹/

/bat̚⁴⁻³ kiã²¹/

/mak̚⁴⁻² kĩã²¹³/

/maʔ⁴ kĩã⁴²/

/bak̚²⁴⁻² kiã⁴¹/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² kiã²¹/

/bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kiã²¹/

/bak̚⁴³⁻²¹ kiã²¹/

/bak̚⁴⁻³² kiã¹¹/

/bak̚⁴⁻³ kiã²¹/

/bat̚⁴⁻³ kiã²¹/

/mak̚⁴⁻² kĩã²¹³/

掛目鏡／挂目镜 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― kòa ba̍k-kiàⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to wear glasses

1928, 《僥倖錢開食了 上》, Taipei: 榮文社活版所:

It is useless for you to buy glasses; [even if you] wear them, your eyes won't see clearly

lí bé ba̍k-kiàⁿ bô-lō͘-ēng, kòa-tio̍h ba̍k-chiu khòaⁿ bē bêng

汝買目鏡無路用 掛着目周看未明

1928, 《僥倖錢開食了 上》, Taipei: 榮文社活版所:

汝买目镜无路用 挂着目周看未明

(Hakka, Southern Min, Puxian Min) glasses (Classifier: 支 mn)


過後

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɔː³³ hɐu̯²²/

/kuo²¹³⁻⁵³ ɑu²⁴²/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ au²²/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ au³³/

/kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ au²²/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ au²²/

/kue²¹⁻⁴¹ au³³/

/kue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ au³⁵/

/kəu⁵² ɦøy¹¹/

/ku̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/

/kʷɔː³³ hɐu̯²²/

/kuo²¹³⁻⁵³ ɑu²⁴²/

/ke²¹⁻⁵³ au²²/

/ke¹¹⁻⁵³ au³³/

/kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ au²²/

/kue²¹⁻⁵³ au²²/

/kue²¹⁻⁴¹ au³³/

/kue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ au³⁵/

/kəu⁵² ɦøy¹¹/

† - euphemistic; ‡ - usually of the elderly; ¤ - humorous; § - derogatory/disrespectful


驚死

/kɛːŋ⁵⁵ sei̯³⁵/

/kia⁵³³⁻¹¹ ɬi⁴⁵³/

/kĩã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ɬi³³²/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² si⁵³/

/kiã³³ si⁵⁵⁴/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² si⁵³/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁵³/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴¹/

/kɛːŋ⁵⁵ sei̯³⁵/

/kia⁵³³⁻¹¹ ɬi⁴⁵³/

/kĩã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ɬi³³²/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² si⁵³/

/kiã³³ si⁵⁵⁴/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻²² si⁵³/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁵³/

/kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ si⁴¹/

(Cantonese, Southern Min, Puxian Min) to fear death


𤆬

Created for Hokkien. Ngô͘ Siú-lé (吳守禮) suggests that it is an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 毛 (“feathers (representing the feathers of a mother hen)”) + 灬 (“four dots (representing four chicks)”) — a mother hen leading and protecting four chicks under her feathers.
Possibly from 曳 (OC *leds, “to drag”) (Lin, 1999; Yang, 2000; Tu, 2019) or 抴 (OC *lebs, “to pull”) (Tu, 2019).
Also compare 逝 (chōa, “path”) (Ong, 2023).

Han compound

𢯁
導
曳
帶
𡥘
抴
娶

And the Lord went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; to go by day and night.

巴克禮譯本 (Barclay Amoy Romanized Bible), 出埃及記 (Exodus) 13:21

Iâ-hô-hoa kiâⁿ tī in ê thâu-chêng, ji̍t--sî tī hûn-thiāu-tiong chhōa in ê lō͘, mî--sî tī hé-thiāu-tiong kng-chiò in; hō͘ in ji̍t-mî lóng thang kiâⁿ.

耶和華行佇𪜶的頭前，日時佇雲柱中𤆬𪜶的路，暝時佇火柱中光照𪜶；予𪜶日暝攏通行。

耶和华行伫𪜶的头前，日时伫云柱中𤆬𪜶的路，暝时伫火柱中光照𪜶；予𪜶日暝拢通行。

Late Qing/Early Republic, 《古板白蓮花全歌》, volume 1, 潮州 [Chaozhou]: 李萬利, page 12v:

家人𡥘入到后房

家人𡥘入到後房

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) to lead; to guide


蛆蟲

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰu⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰaŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰi⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰaŋ²³/

/t͡sʰu³⁵⁻³³ tʰaŋ²²/

/t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰu⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰaŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰi⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰaŋ²³/

/t͡sʰu³⁵⁻³³ tʰaŋ²²/

(Leizhou Min, Puxian Min, Wenzhounese) mosquito larva


味素

/bi⁴¹⁻²² sɔ⁴¹/

/bi²²⁻²¹ sɔ²¹/

/bi⁴¹⁻²² sɔ⁴¹/

/bi²²⁻²¹ sɔ²¹/

2017, “您若来泉州”, 李海金 (lyrics), 黄敬静 (music)performed by 曾晓忠:

The taste of Quanzhou penetrates between the teeth

泉州的味素鑽齒縫

泉州的味素钻齿缝

(Jin, Southern Min, Central Min, Puxian Min) taste


阿姊

→ Indonesian: ace, acik

→ Kapampangan: atsi

→ Tagalog: ate, atsi

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡se⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi³¹/

/a⁵³³⁻¹¹ t͡si⁴⁵³/

/a⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ t͡si³³²/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵³/

/a³³ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁴¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡se⁵³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡se⁵⁵⁴/

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/aː³³ t͡siː³⁵/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡se⁵⁵/

/a⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕi³¹/

/a⁵³³⁻¹¹ t͡si⁴⁵³/

/a⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ t͡si³³²/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵³/

/a³³ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁴¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡se⁵³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡se⁵⁵⁴/

>< - face-to-face; <> - non-face-to-face

(literary or Hakka, Puxian Min, Southern Min) elder sister; big sister


翁某

/aŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ pɔu⁴⁵³/

/aŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ pɔu³³²/

/aŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bɔ⁴²/

/aŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bɔ⁵³/

/aŋ³³⁻²¹ bɔ⁴⁴⁵/

/aŋ³³ bɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/aŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ pɔu⁴⁵³/

/aŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ pɔu³³²/

/aŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bɔ⁴²/

/aŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bɔ⁵³/

/aŋ³³⁻²¹ bɔ⁴⁴⁵/

/aŋ³³ bɔ⁵⁵⁴/

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) husband and wife


年兜

/niŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nau⁵³³/

/niŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nau⁵⁴⁴/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² tau⁴⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² tau⁴⁴/

/ni²⁴⁻²² tau³³/

/ni²⁴⁻²¹ tau⁴⁴/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ tau⁴⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ tau⁴⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² tau³³/

/niŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nau⁵³³/

/niŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nau⁵⁴⁴/

/nĩ¹³⁻²² tau⁴⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² tau⁴⁴/

/ni²⁴⁻²² tau³³/

/ni²⁴⁻²¹ tau⁴⁴/

/nĩ²³⁻³³ tau⁴⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ tau⁴⁴/

/nĩ²⁴⁻²² tau³³/

Chinese calendar
Chinese calendar#English

(Jinjiang, Hui'an, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, Puxian Min) end of the year (especially in the Chinese calendar)

(Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) the last few days before the end of the Chinese calendar


阿妗

/aː³³ kʰɐm¹³/

/a⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iŋ¹¹/

/a⁵⁴⁴⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iŋ²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² kim²²/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ kim³³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kim³³/

/a³³⁻²³ kim³⁵/

/aː³³ kʰɐm¹³/

/a⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iŋ¹¹/

/a⁵⁴⁴⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾iŋ²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² kim²²/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ kim³³/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kim³³/

/a³³⁻²³ kim³⁵/

> - wife of mother's elder brother; < - wife of mother's younger brother; >< - face-to-face; <> - non-face-to-face

(dialectal Cantonese, including Siyi Yue, Weitou Cantonese; dialectal Hakka; Southern Min; Puxian Min) maternal aunt (mother's sister-in-law)


出月

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ jyːt̚²/

/t͡sʰɔʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kuei¹³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡeʔ⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡueʔ⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ ɡueʔ¹²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ jyːt̚²/

/t͡sʰɔʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kuei¹³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡeʔ⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡueʔ⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ ɡueʔ¹²¹/

The Face Tattoo Barbarians are tattooed on their face the month after birth, using needles laced with indigo dye.

Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 4, part 18

Xiùmiànmán chūshēng hòu chūyuè, yǐ zhēncì miànshàng, yǐ qīngdài fù zhī.

繡面蠻初生後出月，以針刺面上，以青黛傅之。

绣面蛮初生后出月，以针刺面上，以青黛傅之。

(literary or Hokkien, Puxian Min) the month after; the next month


出月

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ jyːt̚²/

/t͡sʰɔʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kuei¹³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡeʔ⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡueʔ⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ ɡueʔ¹²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ jyːt̚²/

/t͡sʰɔʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kuei¹³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡeʔ⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡueʔ⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ ɡueʔ¹²¹/

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) to end the month of confinement after childbirth


契弟

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/kʰɐi̯³³ tɐi̯²²/

/kʰie²¹³⁻⁵³ tiɛ²⁴²/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/kʰɐi̯³³ tɐi̯²²/

/kʰie²¹³⁻⁵³ tiɛ²⁴²/

/kʰie²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɑ²⁴²/

/kʰue²¹⁻⁵³ te²²/

/t͡ɕʰi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/

/kʰɐi̯³³ tɐi̯²²/

/kʰie²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɑ²⁴²/

/kʰue²¹⁻⁵³ te²²/

iā kié-dâ̤ / [ia³³ kʰie²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɑ²⁴²]

野契弟

có̤ kié-dâ̤ / [t͡sɔ²¹³ kʰie²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɑ²⁴²]

做契弟

唔去就正契弟。

1989, Wong Jing, God of Gamblers (spoken by Chow Yun-fat)

契弟，你仆街啦！

(Cantonese, Eastern Min, Puxian Min, dialectal Southern Min, offensive, vulgar) bastard; idiot; son of a bitch (Classifier: 個／个 c; 條／条 c)


客仔

/haːk̚³ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

/haːk̚³ t͡sɐi̯³⁵/

(Puxian Min) non-local; stranger; outsider; out-of-towner


尻川

腳川
脚川
腳倉
腳穿
尻倉
膠村

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/kʰa³³ t͡sʰŋ̍³³/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰuĩ⁴⁴/

/kʰa³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰuĩ³³/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuĩ⁴⁴/

/kʰa⁵⁵⁻³³ suĩ⁵⁵/

/kʰa³³⁻²³ t͡sʰɯŋ³³/

/ka³³⁻²³ t͡sʰɯŋ³³/

/ka³⁵⁻³³ t͡sʰui³⁵/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/kʰa³³ t͡sʰŋ̍³³/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰuĩ⁴⁴/

/kʰa³³⁻²¹ t͡sʰuĩ³³/

/kʰa⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰuĩ⁴⁴/

/kʰa⁵⁵⁻³³ suĩ⁵⁵/

/kʰa³³⁻²³ t͡sʰɯŋ³³/

/ka³³⁻²³ t͡sʰɯŋ³³/

/ka³⁵⁻³³ t͡sʰui³⁵/

拍尻川

(Southern and Puxian Min) buttocks; butt


番柿

/huaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ kʰi¹¹/

/huoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ kʰi²¹/

/huan⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi³³/

/huaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ kʰi¹¹/

/huoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ kʰi²¹/

/huan⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰi³³/

(Fujian Mandarin, Changting Hakka, Northern Min, Eastern Min, Puxian Min, Datian Min) tomato


𡳞鳥

𡳞鸟
𡳞屌
膦鳥
膦屌
卵鳥
玍鳥
卵爪
懶覺
懶叫

/laŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siou⁵²/

/laŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siau⁵²/

/laŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siou⁵²/

/laŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siau⁵²/


出水

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂu̯əɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/t͡ʃʰut⁵⁻² ʃui²⁴/

/t͡sʰɔʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ t͡sui⁴⁵³/

/t͡sʰuoʔ²⁻⁴ t͡sui³³²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sui⁴¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂu̯əɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ sɵy̯³⁵/

/t͡ʃʰut⁵⁻² ʃui²⁴/

/t͡sʰɔʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ t͡sui⁴⁵³/

/t͡sʰuoʔ²⁻⁴ t͡sui³³²/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sui⁴¹/

(Puxian Min, of a construction project) to be completed


胰皂

/i³⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/i⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒɔ²⁴²/

/i³⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/

/i⁵³⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ʒɔ²⁴²/

(dialectal Mandarin, Eastern Min, Puxian Min) soap


食暝

/sieʔ⁵⁻³³ maŋ⁵³/

/ɬia¹³⁻¹¹ ma¹³/

/ɬia²⁴⁻²¹ ma²⁴/

/sieʔ⁵⁻³³ maŋ⁵³/

/ɬia¹³⁻¹¹ ma¹³/

/ɬia²⁴⁻²¹ ma²⁴/

(Eastern Min, Puxian Min) to have dinner


少少

/ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ siːu̯³⁵/

/t͡sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sio⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɤ⁴¹/

/ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/siːu̯³⁵ siːu̯³⁵/

/t͡sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sio⁵⁵⁴/

/t͡siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɤ⁴¹/

Even if you're not hungry, you still need to eat a little bit of food!

nei⁵ m⁴ tou⁵ ngo⁶ dou¹ jiu³ sik⁶ siu² siu² je⁵ gaa²!

你唔肚餓都要食少少嘢㗎！

你唔肚饿都要食少少嘢㗎！

(Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien, Puxian Min) a little; a little bit

GT: General Taiwan (no particular region identified)


放晝

/puŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑu²¹³/

/paŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nau⁴²/

/puŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nɑu²¹³/

/paŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾nau⁴²/

(Hakka, Eastern Min, Puxian Min) to take a break for lunch; to break for lunch; (for students) to finish morning classes and go home for lunch


王爺

/wɑŋ³⁵ jɛ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ jɛː²¹/

/voŋ¹¹ i̯a¹¹/

/voŋ⁵⁵ ʒa⁵⁵/

/ɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋia¹³/

/ɒŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋia²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ia²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ia²⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² ia¹³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ia²⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ ia²³/

/uaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ia⁵⁵/

/wɑŋ³⁵ jɛ³⁵/

/wɔːŋ²¹ jɛː²¹/

/voŋ¹¹ i̯a¹¹/

/voŋ⁵⁵ ʒa⁵⁵/

/ɒŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^((Ø-))ŋia¹³/

/ɒŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^((Ø-))ŋia²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ia²⁴/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ia²⁴/

/ɔŋ¹³⁻²² ia¹³/

/ɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ia²⁴/

/ɔŋ²³⁻³³ ia²³/

/uaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ia⁵⁵/

(Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, Puxian Min) tyrant; domineering person


腹肚

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/

/puʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ l̃o³³/

/paʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ tɔu⁴⁵³/

/puoʔ²⁻⁴ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɔu³³²/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ⁴²/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵⁴ tɔ⁵³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ tɔ⁵³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ⁵³/

/bak̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ⁵³/

/bak̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ⁵³/

/pat̚²⁻⁵ tɔ⁵³/

/fu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/

/puʔ²⁴⁻³⁵ l̃o³³/

/paʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ tɔu⁴⁵³/

/puoʔ²⁻⁴ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɔu³³²/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ⁴²/

/pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ tɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵⁴ tɔ⁵³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁵ tɔ⁵³/

/pak̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ⁵³/

/bak̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ⁵³/

/bak̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ⁴¹/

/pat̚³²⁻⁴ tɔ⁵³/

/pat̚²⁻⁵ tɔ⁵³/

/puʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ tou²⁴²/

/puʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ tou²⁴²/

(chiefly Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) abdomen; belly; stomach


胡蠅

/hɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sin²⁴/

/hɔ²³⁻³³ sin²³/

/hɔ²⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/

/hɔ¹³⁻²² sin¹³/

/hou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siŋ⁵⁵/

/hou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ seŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ sin²⁴/

/hɔ²³⁻³³ sin²³/

/hɔ²⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/

/hɔ¹³⁻²² sin¹³/

/hou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siŋ⁵⁵/

/hou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ seŋ⁵⁵/

胡蝇
葫蠅
蝴蠅
戶蠅
戶神
胡神
乎神
乎蠅
孤蠅
戶臣

(Hokkien, Teochew, Leizhou Min, Puxian Min) fly


囝婿

/kỹã³³²⁻²¹ ⁽ᶿ⁻⁾nai⁴²/

/kiã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/kiã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai⁴¹/

/kiã⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ sai²¹/

/kiã⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sai²¹/

/kiã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai¹¹/

/kiã⁵³⁻²⁴ sai¹²/

/kiã³¹⁻²⁴ sai¹¹²/

/kiã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/kã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai⁴¹/

/kã⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sai³¹/

/kĩã⁵²⁻³⁵ sai²¹³/

/kỹã³³²⁻²¹ ⁽ᶿ⁻⁾nai⁴²/

/kiã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/kiã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai⁴¹/

/kiã⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ sai²¹/

/kiã⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sai²¹/

/kiã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ sai¹¹/

/kiã⁵³⁻²⁴ sai¹²/

/kiã³¹⁻²⁴ sai¹¹²/

/kiã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ sai²¹/

/kã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sai⁴¹/

/kã⁵⁵⁻³⁵ sai³¹/

/kĩã⁵²⁻³⁵ sai²¹³/

(Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min, Zhongshan Min) son-in-law


丈人公

dieo⁵ nang² gorng¹ [Phonetic:dieo⁵ nang⁵ gorng¹]

/tieu¹¹ naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ kɒŋ⁵³³/

diunn⁵ nang² gorng¹ [Phonetic:diunn⁵ nang⁵ gorng¹]

/tĩũ²¹ naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiũ²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiũ³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiũ³³⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiũ²² laŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/tiɔ̃²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tieu¹¹ naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ kɒŋ⁵³³/

/tĩũ²¹ naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tiũ²²⁻²¹ laŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiũ³³⁻²¹ laŋ²³⁻³³ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiũ³³⁻¹¹ laŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔŋ⁴⁴/

/tiũ²² laŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔŋ³³/

/tiɔ̃²¹⁻⁵³ laŋ¹³⁻²² kɔŋ⁴⁴/

(Gan; Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Chaoyang Hokkien; Puxian Min; Shaojiang Min; Loudi Xiang) father-in-law (wife's father)


丈姆

/tieu¹¹ ŋ̍⁴⁵³/

/tĩũ²¹ ŋ̍³³²/

/tiũ³³⁻¹¹ m̩⁵³/

/tiũ³³⁻²¹ m̩⁴¹/

/tiũ²²⁻²¹ m̩⁵³/

/tiũ³³⁻²² m̩⁵⁵⁴/

/tiũ²² m̩⁵⁵⁴/

/tiɔ̃²²⁻²¹ m̩⁵³/

/tiãu²¹ m̩⁴⁴⁵/

/tĩẽ³⁵⁻¹¹ m⁵²/

/tĩõ³⁵⁻¹¹ m⁵²/

/tieu¹¹ ŋ̍⁴⁵³/

/tĩũ²¹ ŋ̍³³²/

/tiũ³³⁻¹¹ m̩⁵³/

/tiũ³³⁻²¹ m̩⁴¹/

/tiũ²²⁻²¹ m̩⁵³/

/tiũ³³⁻²² m̩⁵⁵⁴/

/tiũ²² m̩⁵⁵⁴/

/tiɔ̃²²⁻²¹ m̩⁵³/

/tiãu²¹ m̩⁴⁴⁵/

/tĩẽ³⁵⁻¹¹ m⁵²/

/tĩõ³⁵⁻¹¹ m⁵²/

(Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min) mother-in-law (wife's mother)


塗粉

/tʰu⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uŋ³³/

/tʰɔu¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɔŋ⁴⁵³/

/tʰɔu²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ³³²/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² hun⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² hun⁵³/

/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ hun⁴¹/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²¹ hun⁴²/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ hun⁵³/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² hun⁵³/

/tʰou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huŋ⁵²/

/tʰu⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uŋ³³/

/tʰɔu¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ɔŋ⁴⁵³/

/tʰɔu²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾uoŋ³³²/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² hun⁵⁵⁴/

/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² hun⁵³/

/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ hun⁴¹/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²¹ hun⁴²/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ hun⁵³/

/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² hun⁵³/

/tʰou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huŋ⁵²/

(Eastern Min, Puxian Min, Southern Min) dust


佗落

倒落
底落
哪落
逃落
搭囉
哪囉

/to⁵³⁻⁴⁴ loʔ⁴/

/to⁴²⁻²⁴ loʔ⁴³/

/to⁵⁵⁻³⁵ loʔ³⁵/

/to⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ loʔ²⁴/

/to⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ loʔ⁵/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lo⁴⁴/

/ta⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ loʔ⁴/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² loʔ⁵/

/to⁵³⁻⁴⁴ loʔ⁴/

/to⁴²⁻²⁴ loʔ⁴³/

/to⁵⁵⁻³⁵ loʔ³⁵/

/to⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ loʔ²⁴/

/to⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ loʔ⁵/

/ta(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lo⁴⁴/

/ta⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo⁴⁴/

/ta⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ loʔ⁴/

/t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² loʔ⁵/

(Fuqing Eastern Min, Hokkien, Puxian Min) where


鞋拖

/e¹³⁻¹¹ tʰua⁵³³/

/e¹³⁻¹¹ tʰuo⁵³³/

/ue²⁴⁻²¹ tʰua⁴⁴/

/ue²⁴⁻²² tʰua⁴⁴/

/ue²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰua⁴⁴/

/ue²⁴⁻²² tʰua³³/

/ue²⁴⁻¹² tʰua⁴⁴/

/e¹³⁻²² tʰua⁴⁴/

/e²³⁻³³ tʰua⁴⁴/

/e²⁴⁻²¹ tʰua⁴⁴/

/oi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰua³³/

/e¹³⁻¹¹ tʰua⁵³³/

/e¹³⁻¹¹ tʰuo⁵³³/

/ue²⁴⁻²¹ tʰua⁴⁴/

/ue²⁴⁻²² tʰua⁴⁴/

/ue²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰua⁴⁴/

/ue²⁴⁻²² tʰua³³/

/ue²⁴⁻¹² tʰua⁴⁴/

/e¹³⁻²² tʰua⁴⁴/

/e²³⁻³³ tʰua⁴⁴/

/e²⁴⁻²¹ tʰua⁴⁴/

/oi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰua³³/

(Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min, Wenzhounese) slippers; sandal


跋繳

跋缴
跋筊
*跋儌
博筊
博徼
跋檄
*博儌
博賭
跋九

(Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min) to gamble (bet money)


𡳞核

膦核
卵核
腎核
玍核
玍佛

/l̃iŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋouʔ⁵/

/lɛŋ¹¹ hɔʔ⁴/

/lɛŋ²¹ huoʔ⁴/

/lan²²⁻¹² hut̚⁵⁴/

/lan²²⁻²¹ hut̚¹²¹/

/lan³³⁻²² hut̚²⁴/

/lan³³⁻²² hut̚³⁵/

/laŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ huk̚⁴/

/l̃iŋ²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋouʔ⁵/

/lɛŋ¹¹ hɔʔ⁴/

/lɛŋ²¹ huoʔ⁴/

/lan²²⁻¹² hut̚⁵⁴/

/lan²²⁻²¹ hut̚¹²¹/

/lan³³⁻²² hut̚²⁴/

/lan³³⁻²² hut̚³⁵/

/laŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ huk̚⁴/

(Eastern Min, Puxian Min, Hokkien, Teochew) testicle


賊囝

/t͡sʰɛiʔ⁵⁻³³ kiaŋ³³/

/t͡sʰak̚⁴⁻² kĩã⁵²/

/t͡sʰɛiʔ⁵⁻³³ kiaŋ³³/

/t͡sʰak̚⁴⁻² kĩã⁵²/

(Eastern Min, Teochew, Hainanese, Puxian Min) thief


目眉

/maʔ⁴⁻²¹ pai¹³/

/bak̚²⁴⁻²¹ bai²⁴/

/bak̚⁴³⁻²¹ bai²⁴/

/bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bai¹³/

/maʔ⁴⁻²¹ pai¹³/

/bak̚²⁴⁻²¹ bai²⁴/

/bak̚⁴³⁻²¹ bai²⁴/

/bak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ bai¹³/

(Puxian Min, mahjong) the tile 二萬／二万 (🀈)


飯匙銃

/fan⁵⁵ t͡sʰɨ¹¹ t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/fan⁵⁵ sɨ¹¹ t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰon³³ ʃi⁵⁵ t͡ʃʰuŋ¹¹/

buei⁵ si² coeng⁵ [Phonetic:buei⁵ li⁴ loeng⁵]

buinn⁵ si² cyoeng⁵ [Phonetic:buinn⁵ ni⁴ nyoeng⁵]

/pŋ̍³³⁻²¹ si²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/

/pŋ̍²²⁻¹² si²⁴⁻¹² t͡sʰiɪŋ¹²/

/pŋ̍³³⁻¹¹ si²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/

/pŋ̍²²⁻²¹ si²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰeŋ²¹/

/pŋ̍³³⁻²¹ si²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/

/pŋ̍³³⁻¹¹ si²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɪŋ¹¹/

/pŋ̍²²⁻²¹ si²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/

/pŋ̍⁴¹⁻²² si²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴¹/

/puĩ³³⁻²¹ si²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/

/puĩ²²⁻²¹ si¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/

/pŋ̍³³⁻²² si²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɪŋ³¹/

/puŋ¹¹ si⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰeŋ²¹³/

/fan⁵⁵ t͡sʰɨ¹¹ t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/fan⁵⁵ sɨ¹¹ t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰon³³ ʃi⁵⁵ t͡ʃʰuŋ¹¹/

/pŋ̍³³⁻²¹ si²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/

/pŋ̍²²⁻¹² si²⁴⁻¹² t͡sʰiɪŋ¹²/

/pŋ̍³³⁻¹¹ si²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/

/pŋ̍²²⁻²¹ si²⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰeŋ²¹/

/pŋ̍³³⁻²¹ si²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/

/pŋ̍³³⁻¹¹ si²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰiɪŋ¹¹/

/pŋ̍²²⁻²¹ si²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/

/pŋ̍⁴¹⁻²² si²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴¹/

/puĩ³³⁻²¹ si²⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/

/puĩ²²⁻²¹ si¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/

/pŋ̍³³⁻²² si²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɪŋ³¹/

/puŋ¹¹ si⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰeŋ²¹³/

(Hakka, Southern Min, Puxian Min) cobra (Classifier: 尾 mn)


郎爸

/lɑŋ³⁵ pä⁵¹/

/nˡouŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɑ²⁴²/

/l̃ouŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɑ²⁴²/

/lɑŋ³⁵ pä⁵¹/

/nˡouŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɑ²⁴²/

/l̃ouŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɑ²⁴²/

Father said to son when they parted: I regret begetting you;
When you were already born, people advised me to not bring you up;
I did not follow their words, and inevitably had this suffering coming.
Son is parted from father, with a heart shattered and eyes crying with blood.

 ca. 8th century, Gu Kuang, 《囝》 (Son) [written in the ancient Min dialect].
Note: This poem was referring to the slavery system at the time in the Min area. The son had been forcibly castrated and was soon to be taken as a slave in a rich household.

Lángbà bié jiǎn, wú huǐ shēng rǔ. Jí rǔ jì shēng, rén quàn bù jǔ. Bù cóng rényán, guǒ huò shì kǔ. Jiǎn bié lángbà, xīn cuī xuè xià.

郎罷別囝，吾悔生汝。及汝既生，人勸不舉。不從人言，果獲是苦。囝別郎罷，心摧血下。

郎罢别囝，吾悔生汝。及汝既生，人劝不举。不从人言，果获是苦。囝别郎罢，心摧血下。

(Eastern Min, Puxian Min, non-face-to-face) father


冊包

/t͡sʰa¹¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾au⁵³³/

/t͡sʰa²¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βau⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pau⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² pau⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ pau⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰɛ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pau⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰa¹¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾au⁵³³/

/t͡sʰa²¹⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βau⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pau⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² pau⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ pau⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰɛ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pau⁴⁴/

(Southern and Puxian Min) schoolbag; bookbag; backpack


算盤子

суаньпаньцзы

/su̯än⁵¹ pʰän³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/su̯än⁵¹ pʰän¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

ㄙㄨㄢˋ ㄆㄢˊ ㄗˇㄦ

суаньпаньцзыр

/su̯än⁵¹ pʰän³⁵ t͡sz̩ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/su̯än⁵¹ pʰän¹ t͡sz̩ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/syːn³³ pʰuːn²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/sɵn³⁵ pʰɵn² t͡sz̩²¹³/

/souŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾muaŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^((t͡s-))ʒi³³/

suann⁴ buann² zi³ [Phonetic:suann¹ mua⁵ ni³]

/ɬũã⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mua²⁴⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ni³³²/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁴¹ puã²³⁻³³ t͡si⁴¹/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ puã²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵³/

/sŋ̍¹¹⁻⁵³ puã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵³/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ puã²⁴⁻³³ d͡zi⁵³/

/sɯŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pũã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵²/

/su̯än⁵¹ pʰän³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/su̯än⁵¹ pʰän¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/su̯än⁵¹ pʰän³⁵ t͡sz̩ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/su̯än⁵¹ pʰän¹ t͡sz̩ɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/syːn³³ pʰuːn²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/sɵn³⁵ pʰɵn² t͡sz̩²¹³/

/ɬũã⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mua²⁴⁻²¹ ^((t͡s-))ni³³²/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁴¹ puã²³⁻³³ t͡si⁴¹/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ puã²⁴⁻²² t͡si⁵³/

/sŋ̍¹¹⁻⁵³ puã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵³/

/sŋ̍²¹⁻⁵³ puã²⁴⁻³³ d͡zi⁵³/

/sɯŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ pũã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵²/

(Puxian Min) joint protrusions of the spine


針車

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/t͡siɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰia⁵³³/

/t͡siɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰia⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sieŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰia⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡se̞ŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰia⁵³³/

/t͡sam⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/t͡sam³³⁻²³ t͡sʰia³³/

/ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/t͡sɐm⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/t͡siɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰia⁵³³/

/t͡siɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰia⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sieŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰia⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡se̞ŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ t͡sʰia⁵³³/

/t͡sam⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/t͡sam³³⁻²³ t͡sʰia³³/

(Hokkien, Puxian Min, Taiwanese Mandarin, Malaysian Cantonese) sewing machine


鼻頭

/pi³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/pi³⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/pei̯²² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/pʰĩ³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/pʰĩ²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/pʰĩ³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/

/pʰĩ²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/pʰi⁴¹⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/pʰĩ¹¹ tʰau⁵⁵/

/bəʔ¹¹ dɤ²³/

/biɪʔ¹¹ dɤ²³/

/bəʔ²² døy⁵¹/

/pi³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/

/pi³⁵ tʰɤʊ̯ɻʷ³⁵/

/pei̯²² tʰɐu̯²¹/

/pʰĩ³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/

/pʰĩ²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/

/pʰĩ³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/

/pʰĩ²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/pʰi⁴¹⁻²² tʰau²⁴/

/pʰĩ¹¹ tʰau⁵⁵/

/bəʔ¹¹ dɤ²³/

/biɪʔ¹¹ dɤ²³/

/bəʔ²² døy⁵¹/


吸石

/kʰip̚⁵⁵ siak̚²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/hieʔ²⁴⁻²¹ suoʔ⁵/

/kʰip̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sioʔ²⁴/

/kʰip̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/kʰip̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sioʔ⁴/

/kʰip̚³²⁻⁵⁴ t͡sioʔ⁵⁴/

/kʰip̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sioʔ¹²¹/

/kʰip̚³⁵⁻² t͡sioʔ³⁵/

/kʰip̚⁴⁻¹ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/kʰip̚⁵⁵ siak̚²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/hieʔ²⁴⁻²¹ suoʔ⁵/

/kʰip̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sioʔ²⁴/

/kʰip̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

/kʰip̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sioʔ⁴/

/kʰip̚³²⁻⁵⁴ t͡sioʔ⁵⁴/

/kʰip̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sioʔ¹²¹/

/kʰip̚³⁵⁻² t͡sioʔ³⁵/

/kʰip̚⁴⁻¹ t͡siɤʔ⁴/

(Hakka, Hokkien, dialectal Jin, Leizhou Min, Eastern Min, Puxian Min, Taishanese) magnet


豬哥

/t͡su²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/

/ty⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁵⁵/

/ty⁵³³⁻¹¹ ko⁵³³/

/ty⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ko⁵⁴⁴/

/ti⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ti⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/ti⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/tu⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/tɯ⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/tɯ³³⁻²³ ko³³/

/t͡su²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/

/ty⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁵⁵/

/ty⁵³³⁻¹¹ ko⁵³³/

/ty⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ko⁵⁴⁴/

/ti⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ti⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/ti⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/tu⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/tɯ⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/tɯ³³⁻²³ ko³³/

; "Muslim"
Possibly due to pork being haram to Muslims.

(Hakka, Southern Min, Puxian Min) boar (usually used for breeding purposes)

(Taiwanese Hakka, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) licentious and lecherous man


狗公

/kɐu̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kiɛu²¹³⁻¹³ kuŋ⁴²/

/kau⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁵³³/

/kau³³²⁻²¹ kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/kau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/kau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ⁵⁵/

/kau⁵⁴⁻²⁴ keŋ³³/

/kau³¹⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ³⁵/

/kɐu̯³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/kiɛu²¹³⁻¹³ kuŋ⁴²/

/kau⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kaŋ⁵³³/

/kau³³²⁻²¹ kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/kau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kaŋ³³/

/kau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kaŋ⁴⁴/

/kau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ⁵⁵/

/kau⁵⁴⁻²⁴ keŋ³³/

/kau³¹⁻⁵⁵ kaŋ³⁵/

(Cantonese, Gan, Southern Min, Puxian Min) male dog


大某

/tua¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ɔu⁴⁵³/

/tua²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɔu³³²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ bɔ⁵³/

/tua²¹ bɔ⁴⁴⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ bɔ⁵³/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² bɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ bɔ⁴¹/

/tua¹¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾ɔu⁴⁵³/

/tua²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βɔu³³²/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ bɔ⁵³/

/tua²¹ bɔ⁴⁴⁵/

/tua²²⁻²¹ bɔ⁵³/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² bɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ bɔ⁴¹/

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) official wife (as opposed to a concubine)


雞角

/kie⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɔyʔ²⁴/

/ke⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾aʔ²¹/

/ke⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾aʔ²/

/kue⁴⁴⁻³³ kak̚³²/

/kue⁴⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/

/ke³³⁻²¹ kak̚³/

/kie⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɔyʔ²⁴/

/ke⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾aʔ²¹/

/ke⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾aʔ²/

/kue⁴⁴⁻³³ kak̚³²/

/kue⁴⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/

/ke³³⁻²¹ kak̚³/

(Northern Min, Eastern Min, Hokkien, Puxian Min) cock; rooster


雙生囝

/søyŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾naŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiaŋ³³/

sang¹ sa¹ gyor³ [Phonetic:sang⁵ na⁵ yor³]

/ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))na⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾yɒ⁴⁵³/

sang¹ sann¹ gyann³ [Phonetic:sang⁵ na⁵ yann³]

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))na⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ỹã³³²/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sĩ⁴⁴⁻²² kiã⁵³/

/siaŋ³³⁻²¹ sɛ̃³³⁻²¹ kiã⁴⁴⁵/

/saŋ³³⁻²³ sɯ̃³³⁻²³ kĩã⁵²/

/søyŋ⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾naŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiaŋ³³/

/ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))na⁵³³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾yɒ⁴⁵³/

/ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))na⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ỹã³³²/

/siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sĩ⁴⁴⁻²² kiã⁵³/

/siaŋ³³⁻²¹ sɛ̃³³⁻²¹ kiã⁴⁴⁵/

/saŋ³³⁻²³ sɯ̃³³⁻²³ kĩã⁵²/

(Eastern Min, Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min) twin


毒蟲

/tu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

/tu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊ̃ɻ³⁵/

/tʊk̚² t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

/tʰuk̚⁵ t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/

/tɔk̚⁴⁻³² tʰaŋ²⁴/

/tɔk̚²⁴⁻² tʰaŋ²⁴/

/tɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰaŋ¹³/

/tɔk̚⁴⁻³² tʰaŋ²⁴/

/tɔk̚⁴⁻³² tʰaŋ²³/

/tu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

/tu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊ̃ɻ³⁵/

/tʊk̚² t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

/tʰuk̚⁵ t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/

/tɔk̚⁴⁻³² tʰaŋ²⁴/

/tɔk̚²⁴⁻² tʰaŋ²⁴/

/tɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰaŋ¹³/

/tɔk̚⁴⁻³² tʰaŋ²⁴/

/tɔk̚⁴⁻³² tʰaŋ²³/

/tʰau⁴² tʰaŋ¹³/

/tʰau⁴²⁻⁵⁵ tʰaŋ²⁴/

/tʰau⁴² tʰaŋ¹³/

/tʰau⁴²⁻⁵⁵ tʰaŋ²⁴/

(Puxian Min) to kill parasites (with poison or medicine)


賊頭

/t͡sʰɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/t͡sʰɛʔ⁴⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰat̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰat̚²⁴⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/t͡sʰat̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰat̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²³/

/t͡sʰɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/t͡sʰɛʔ⁴⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰat̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰat̚²⁴⁻² tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰat̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/

/t͡sʰat̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²⁴/

/t͡sʰat̚⁴⁻³² tʰau²³/

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) bandit leader; bandit chief


守暝

/t͡siu⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ma¹³/

/t͡siu³³²⁻⁵⁵ ma²⁴/

/t͡siu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mẽ²³/

/t͡siu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mĩ²⁴/

/t͡siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩ²⁴/

/t͡siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɛ̃¹³/

/t͡siu⁴⁵³⁻¹³ ma¹³/

/t͡siu³³²⁻⁵⁵ ma²⁴/

/t͡siu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ mẽ²³/

/t͡siu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ mĩ²⁴/

/t͡siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mĩ²⁴/

/t͡siu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ mɛ̃¹³/

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) to keep watch at night; to spend the night on watch


咒誓

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sɐu̯³³ sɐi̯²²/

/t͡su⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/

/t͡ʃiu¹¹ ʃi³³/

/t͡siu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sua⁴¹/

/t͡siu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sua¹¹/

/ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/t͡sɐu̯³³ sɐi̯²²/

/t͡su⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/

/t͡ʃiu¹¹ ʃi³³/

/t͡siu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sua⁴¹/

/t͡siu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sua¹¹/

(Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min, Taiwanese Hakka) to vow; to pledge; to swear


凊彩

/t͡sʰiŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai⁴⁵³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai³³²/

/t͡sʰin²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai⁵³/

/t͡sʰin¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai⁵³/

/t͡sʰin²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/t͡sʰin²¹⁻⁴² t͡sʰai⁴²/

/t͡sʰin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰin²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai⁵²/

/t͡sʰeŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai⁴⁵³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai³³²/

/t͡sʰin²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai⁵³/

/t͡sʰin¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai⁵³/

/t͡sʰin²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/t͡sʰin²¹⁻⁴² t͡sʰai⁴²/

/t͡sʰin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰin²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai⁵²/

/t͡sʰeŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai⁵²⁻²¹/

Uncertain. Here are a few possibilities:
* 凊彩: From 凊 (“cold”) + 彩 (“good”) — “not good enough” > “cannot choose”.
* 靘彩: literally “dark or colourful” — it doesn't matter which you choose.
Folk etymologists often claim 請裁, shortened from 請汝裁決 (“please decide”). This is phonologically unlikely.

請裁
凊采
凊菜
凊採
信採
襯採
靘彩
且睬
且採
䞋采
䞋綵
䞋彩
稱采
稱採
稱睬
稱彩
儭睬
情在
盡在
輕菜
青菜
青采
信嘴
信手

(Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, Puxian Min) careless; irresponsible


凊彩

→ Cantonese: 千猜 (cin1 caai1)

→ Indonesian: cincai

→ Malay: cincai, cingcai

/t͡sʰiŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai⁴⁵³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai³³²/

/t͡sʰin²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai⁵³/

/t͡sʰin¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai⁵³/

/t͡sʰin²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/t͡sʰin²¹⁻⁴² t͡sʰai⁴²/

/t͡sʰin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰin²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai⁵²/

/t͡sʰeŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai⁵²⁻²¹/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai⁴⁵³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai³³²/

/t͡sʰin²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai⁵³/

/t͡sʰin¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai⁵³/

/t͡sʰin²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰai⁴¹/

/t͡sʰin²¹⁻⁴² t͡sʰai⁴²/

/t͡sʰin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰin²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰai⁵³/

/t͡sʰiŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai⁵²/

/t͡sʰeŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰai⁵²⁻²¹/

(Southern Min, Puxian Min) casually; informally


菜瓜

/t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ kʷaː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ua⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰai⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kue⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai¹¹²⁻⁴² kue⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ kue⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kue³³/

/t͡sʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ kue⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kua⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku̯ä⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯³³ kʷaː⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ua⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰai⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ua⁵³³/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kue⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai¹¹²⁻⁴² kue⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁴¹ kue⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kue³³/

/t͡sʰai¹¹⁻⁵³ kue⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kua⁴⁴/

Luffa aegyptiaca
Luffa aegyptiaca#Translingual

(Southern Min, Puxian Min, Taiwanese Hakka) smooth loofah (Luffa aegyptiaca) (Classifier: 叢／丛 mn; 條／条 mn)


番黍

/huaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ɬø⁴⁵³/

/huoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))nø³³²/

/huaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ɬø⁴⁵³/

/huoŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))nø³³²/

(Zhangzhou and Zhangping Hokkien, Datian Southern Min; Fuqing Eastern Min; Puxian Min) corn; maize

Datian Southern Min; Fuqing Eastern Min; Datian Southern Min; Fuqing Eastern Min


鐵筆

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːt̚³ pɐt̚⁵/

/tʰi¹¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾iʔ²¹/

/tʰi²¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βiʔ²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pit̚³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ pit̚³²/

/tʰi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/tʰiːt̚³ pɐt̚⁵/

/tʰi¹¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾iʔ²¹/

/tʰi²¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βiʔ²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pit̚³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ pit̚³²/


鐵筆水

/tʰi¹¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾iʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ t͡sui⁴⁵³/

/tʰi²¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βiʔ²⁻⁴ t͡sui³³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ pit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sui⁴¹/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sui⁵³/

/tʰi¹¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾iʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ t͡sui⁴⁵³/

/tʰi²¹⁻⁴² ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾βiʔ²⁻⁴ t͡sui³³²/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ pit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sui⁴¹/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ pit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sui⁵³/

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) ink (of fountain pen)


引水

/in²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐn¹³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/in⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁴¹/

/in⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

/in²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jɐn¹³ sɵy̯³⁵/

/in⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁴¹/

/in⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sui⁵⁵⁴/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sui⁵³/

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(Puxian Min, traditional Chinese medicine) to inflame, to infect


手雷彈

ciu³ lui² dang⁵ [Phonetic:ciu² lui⁵ dang⁵]

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁵³⁻¹³ lui¹³⁻¹¹ taŋ¹¹/

ciu³ lui² dang⁵ [Phonetic:ciu¹ lui⁵ dang⁵]

/t͡sʰiu³³²⁻⁵⁵ lui²⁴⁻²¹ taŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lui²⁴⁻²² tuã²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lui²³⁻³³ tan²³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lui¹³⁻²² tan¹³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lui²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lui²⁴⁻²² tan²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁴⁵³⁻¹³ lui¹³⁻¹¹ taŋ¹¹/

/t͡sʰiu³³²⁻⁵⁵ lui²⁴⁻²¹ taŋ²¹/

/t͡sʰiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lui²⁴⁻²² tuã²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lui²³⁻³³ tan²³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lui¹³⁻²² tan¹³/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lui²⁴⁻¹¹ tan²⁴/

/t͡sʰiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lui²⁴⁻²² tan²⁴/


吐瀉

/tʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/tʰou̯³³ sɛː³³/

/tʰɔ²¹⁻⁵³ sia²¹/

/tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sia⁴¹/

/tʰɔ²¹⁻⁵³ sia²¹/

/tʰɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ sia¹¹/

/tʰɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ sia²¹/

/tʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

/tʰou̯³³ sɛː³³/

/tʰɔ²¹⁻⁵³ sia²¹/

/tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sia⁴¹/

/tʰɔ²¹⁻⁵³ sia²¹/

/tʰɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ sia¹¹/

/tʰɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ sia²¹/

(Hokkien, Puxian Min, Fuqing Eastern Min) cholera


阿舅

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/aː³³ kʰɐu̯¹³/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰi̯u²⁴/

/a⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾u¹¹/

/a⁵⁴⁴⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾u²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² ku²²/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ ku³³/

/a³³⁻²¹ ku²¹/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ku³³/

/a³³⁻²³ ku³⁵/

/aʔ⁵⁵ d͡ʑʏ⁵¹/

/ˀä⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/

/aː³³ kʰɐu̯¹³/

/a²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰi̯u²⁴/

/a⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾u¹¹/

/a⁵⁴⁴⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾u²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² ku²²/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ ku³³/

/a³³⁻²¹ ku²¹/

/a⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ku³³/

/a³³⁻²³ ku³⁵/

/aʔ⁵⁵ d͡ʑʏ⁵¹/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min, Puxian Min, dialectal Wu) maternal uncle (mother's brother)


曠野

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (曠野):
* → Japanese: 広(こう)野(や) (kōya)
* → Korean: 광야(曠野) (gwang'ya)

/kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷʰɔːŋ³³ jɛː¹³/

/kʰoŋ³¹ i̯a²⁴/

/kʰɒŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ia⁴⁵³/

/kʰɒŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋia³³²/

/kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ia⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ia⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ia⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ia⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ia⁴¹/

/kʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷʰɔːŋ³³ jɛː¹³/

/kʰoŋ³¹ i̯a²⁴/

/kʰɒŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ia⁴⁵³/

/kʰɒŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^((Ø-))ŋia³³²/

/kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ia⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ia⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ia⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ia⁵³/

/kʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ia⁴¹/


好空

/ho⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kʰaŋ⁵³³/

/ho³³²⁻²¹ kʰaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/ho⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰaŋ³³/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/hɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/ho⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kʰaŋ⁵³³/

/ho³³²⁻²¹ kʰaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/ho⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰaŋ³³/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/hɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

1990, “向前走 [Marching Forward]”performed by 林強 [Lim Giong]:

I've heard others say that the good things are all here

thiaⁿ lâng kóng siáⁿ-mih hó-khang--ê lóng tī chia

聽人講啥咪好康的攏底這

听人讲啥咪好康的拢底这

1996, “去香港看看”performed by 張雨生 [Chang Yu-sheng]:

hó-khang--ê chīn-liāng piàⁿ pháiⁿ-khang--ê cháu tāi-seng

好空仔盡量拼歹空仔走代先

好空仔尽量拼歹空仔走代先

2015, “台北台北 [Taipei Taipei]”performed by 謝和弦 [R-chord]:

thiaⁿ lâng kóng siáⁿ咪 hó-khang ê lóng té che iú-chin-chiàⁿ kam-iú-éng

聽人講啥咪好康的攏底這有真正甘有影

听人讲啥咪好康的拢底这有真正甘有影

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) good opportunity, thing or news; good stuff; benefit


好空

/ho⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kʰaŋ⁵³³/

/ho³³²⁻²¹ kʰaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/ho⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰaŋ³³/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/hɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/ho⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ kʰaŋ⁵³³/

/ho³³²⁻²¹ kʰaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/ho⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kʰaŋ³³/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/ho⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/hɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/


大公

/tä⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tuai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/tua¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵³³/

/tua²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/tä⁵¹ kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/taːi̯²² kʊŋ⁵⁵/

/tuai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾uŋ⁵⁵/

/tua¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵³³/

/tua²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather#English

(Eastern Min, Puxian Min) great-grandfather (particularly paternal grandfather's father)


樓頂

desctree

→ Malay: loteng
> Indonesian: loteng (inherited)
→ Kimaragang: louting
→ Sabah Bisaya: loteng
→ Timugon Murut: lauting

→ Cebuano: lawting

/loʊ̯³⁵ tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐu̯²¹ tɛːŋ³⁵/

/l̃au⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾liŋ³³/

/lau¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛŋ⁴⁵³/

/lau²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛŋ³³²/

/lau²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴¹/

/lau²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ³¹/

/lau²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/

/lau¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/

/lau²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ⁵³/

/lau²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/lau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ teŋ⁵²/

/loʊ̯³⁵ tiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/lɐu̯²¹ tɛːŋ³⁵/

/l̃au⁵³⁻³³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾liŋ³³/

/lau¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛŋ⁴⁵³/

/lau²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾lɛŋ³³²/

/lau²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴¹/

/lau²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ³¹/

/lau²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/

/lau¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/

/lau²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ⁵³/

/lau²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/

/lau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ teŋ⁵²/

伊雙目青盲，同樓頂抑到樓下危險死。 [Teochew, trad.]
伊双目青盲，同楼顶抑到楼下危险死。 [Teochew, simp.]
i¹ sang¹ mag⁸ cên¹ mê⁵, dang⁵ lao⁵ dêng² ag⁴ gau³ lao⁵ ê⁶ ngui⁵ hiam² si². [Peng'im]

蔡俊明 [Choy Chun-ming], editor (1991), “抑 ak˨”, in 潮州方言詞滙 /潮州方言词滙 (Cháozhōu fāngyán cíhuì), 香港 [Hong Kong]: 香港中文大學 /香港中文大学 [The Chinese University of Hong Kong]

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(Eastern Min, Puxian Min, Hokkien, Teochew) upstairs


砂輪

/ʂä⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹/

/ɬa⁵³³⁻¹¹ lɔŋ¹³/

/ɬa⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ luoŋ²⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² lun²⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² lun¹³/

/ʂä⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

/saː⁵⁵ lɵn²¹/

/ɬa⁵³³⁻¹¹ lɔŋ¹³/

/ɬa⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ luoŋ²⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² lun²⁴/

/sa⁴⁴⁻²² lun¹³/

(Puxian Min) wooden or stone block supporting the pivot of the door


娘媽

/ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ mä⁵⁵/

/nieu¹³⁻¹¹ ma⁴⁵³/

/niu²⁴⁻²¹ ma³³²/

/ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ mä⁵⁵/

/nieu¹³⁻¹¹ ma⁴⁵³/

/niu²⁴⁻²¹ ma³³²/

(Puxian Min) Zhusheng Niangniang (goddess of fertility)


娘媽

/ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ mä⁵⁵/

/nieu¹³⁻¹¹ ma⁴⁵³/

/niu²⁴⁻²¹ ma³³²/

/ni̯ɑŋ³⁵ mä⁵⁵/

/nieu¹³⁻¹¹ ma⁴⁵³/

/niu²⁴⁻²¹ ma³³²/

(Puxian Min) a person who is overly careful and irresolute (like an old woman)


剪髮

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ fä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siɛŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ huaʔ²¹/

/t͡siɛŋ³³²⁻²⁴ huoʔ²/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ fä⁵¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ fä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡siɛŋ⁴⁵³⁻¹³ huaʔ²¹/

/t͡siɛŋ³³²⁻²⁴ huoʔ²/

(Puxian Min) a hairstyle in which women's hair is cut to neck length


熱火

/ʐɤ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʐɤ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ¹/

/jiːt̚² fɔː³⁵/

/t͡sɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ hɒ⁴⁵³/

/t͡sɛʔ⁴⁻² hɒ³³²/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² hə⁵⁵⁴/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² hue⁵³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² he⁵³/

/ziɛt̚⁴⁻³² hue⁴¹/

/d͡ziɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hue⁵³/

/ʐɤ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʐɤ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ¹/

/jiːt̚² fɔː³⁵/

/t͡sɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ hɒ⁴⁵³/

/t͡sɛʔ⁴⁻² hɒ³³²/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² hə⁵⁵⁴/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² hue⁵³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² he⁵³/

/ziɛt̚⁴⁻³² hue⁴¹/

/d͡ziɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hue⁵³/

/ʐɤ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʐɤ⁵¹ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiːt̚² fɔː³⁵/

/liɛt̚²⁴⁻² hə⁵⁵⁴/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² hue⁵³/

/liɛt̚⁴⁻³² he⁵³/

/ziɛt̚⁴⁻³² hue⁴¹/

/d͡ziɛt̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hue⁵³/

(Puxian Min, traditional Chinese medicine) fierce internal heat


相因

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/

/ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ in⁵⁵/

/sœːŋ⁵⁵ jɐn⁵⁵/

(Southwestern Mandarin, Sichuan Hakka, Puxian Min) cheap; inexpensive


尾指

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mei̯¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁵³/

/bue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁴¹/

/bue⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sãi⁵³/

/bə⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡suĩ⁵⁵/

/bə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡suĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡suĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/bue⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sõĩ⁵²⁻²¹/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/mei̯¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁵³/

/bue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sãi⁴¹/

/bue⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sãi⁵³/

/bə⁵⁵⁻³⁵ t͡suĩ⁵⁵/

/bə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡suĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡suĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/bue⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sõĩ⁵²⁻²¹/

(Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) little finger


紅牛

/xʊŋ³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/aŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋu¹³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋu²⁴/

/xʊŋ³⁵ ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/

/hʊŋ²¹ ŋɐu̯²¹/

/aŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋu¹³/

/aŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋu²⁴/