bo

(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

Moab y Agarenowie Gebalitowie j Amon y Amalech/ y cżudzoziemci z mieſzkaiącimi w Tirze. [...] Boy Aſſur prziſzedł ſnimi j ſtał ſie na pomoc ſinom Lotowym. [Etenim Assur venit cum illis: facti sunt in adiutorium filiis Loth]

1539, W. Wróbel, Żołtarz Dawidów, page 82/9:

[Confitebuntur coeli mirabilia tua domine: etenim veritatem tuam in ecclesia santorum] Będą wyznawać niebioſa czuda twoie miły panie bo y prawdę twoię będę wyſlawiać w zebraniu ſwiętych.

1539, W. Wróbel, Żołtarz Dawidów, page 88/6:


Dutchwoman

(South Africa, derogatory, ethnic slur) A female white Afrikaner.


㑡

ko-hanja

㑡 • (jeuk) (hangeul 즉, revised jeuk, McCune–Reischauer chŭk, Yale cuk)

jeuk (romanization)
즉 (hangeul)
jeuk (revised)
chŭk (McCune-Reischauer)
cuk (Yale)

The meaning of this term is uncertain. (unknown meaning, used rarely in China or Korea)


s

The object depicted in the hieroglyph s. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


偲

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

其人美且偲

Sī, duō xū zhī mào. Fǔshì yuē rén zé měi, qí 徳 yě. Quán yǔ sī zé měi qí mào yě.

偲，多鬚之貌。輔氏曰仁則美，其徳也。鬈與偲則美其貌也。

偲，多须之貌。辅氏曰仁则美，其徳也。鬈与偲则美其貌也。

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


叹

^‡ The meaning of this term is uncertain.


只

The meaning of this term is uncertain. It usually appears after other verbs, taking the honorific suffix 賜 (*-si), and appears to be some kind of auxiliary. It has no known Middle Korean reflex. Nam Pung-hyeon speculates whether it might be connected to or be a variant of 在 (*KYE-).


壬

→ Zhuang: nyaemz

Characters in the same phonetic series (壬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形): Possibly carrying pole with a point drawn in the middle, a meaning that was later transferred to 任 (rèn). As an alternative, it's a double-blade axe perhaps made of stone.
The pole is drawn like 工, however the two characters are unrelated; their correlation should belong to folk etymology.

Han etyl

(Internet slang, derogatory) Eye dialect spelling of 人 (rén).


媽

→ Thai: ม้า (máa)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːʔ): semantic 女 + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ).
Colloquial form of 母 (OC *mɯʔ, “mother”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mow (“woman, female”).


彁

A 幽(ゆう)霊(れい)文(も)字(じ) (yūrei moji, “ghost character”), mistaken character which is registered in character code for Japanese, JIS X 0208).
In one case, a possible usage of 彁 was determined to be a fluke resulting from poor scan quality; the original text read 彊.


屎

⟨kuso₁⟩ → /kuso/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kusau. Cognate with 臭い (kusai, “stinky, smelly”), 腐る (kusaru, “to rot, to become stinky”).


杣

王禎 (Wang Zhen) 《王禎農書·卷二十二》

Wǎ wū zé yòng zhuān guǒ shān yán, cǎo wū zé yòng ní wū shàngxià, jì fáng yán shāo, qiě yì jiùhù.

瓦屋則用磚裹杣簷，草屋則用泥圬上下，既防延燒，且易救護。

王禎 (Wang Zhen) 《王禎農書·卷二十二》

瓦屋则用砖裹杣檐，草屋则用泥圬上下，既防延烧，且易救护。


aa

Borrowed from Old Norse á, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō (“water, stream”). Doublet of ee.

(Late Middle English, hapax) river, stream (in place name)


brat

pl-noun

brat m pers (diminutive braciszek, abbreviation br. or b.)

braciszek (diminutive)
br. (abbreviation)
b. (abbreviation)
brat (nominative singular)
bracia (nominative plural)
brata (genitive singular)
braci (genitive plural)
bratu (dative singular)
braciom (dative plural)
brata (accusative singular)
braci (accusative plural)
bratem (instrumental singular)
braćmi (instrumental plural)
bracie (locative singular)
braciach (locative plural)
bracie (singular vocative)
bracia (plural vocative)

kochajmy się jak bracia, liczmy się jak Żydzi

Frater […] eyn bruder Brat

1528, J. Murmelius, Dictionarius, page 166:

Frater. Bruder. Brat.

Dulciſſime frater, Namilſzi Brácie.

Frater […] Brát.

Habeo te fratrem, Mam cie zá brátá.

Optime et dulciſſime frater, Naylepſzy á naymilſzy brácie.

Frater ‒ Brat.

1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 433b:

(Middle Polish) brother; Further details are uncertain.


slingshot

(powerlifting) An implement of a broad fabric worn around and connecting both bicipites brachii to support benching the most heavy weights.


कमल

If the meaning is correct, from कम् (kam, “to desire, love”).

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: desirous, lustful


木

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (木):
* → Japanese: 木(もく) (moku); 木(ぼく) (boku)
* → Korean: 목(木) (mok)
* → Vietnamese: mộc (木)

→ Lü: ᦙᦴᧉ (muu²)

Characters in the same phonetic series (木) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – a tree: branches on top, roots on the bottom (more visible in earlier forms). See also 本, 未, 末 and the top component of both 尞 and 夌 in their original version.
Unrelated to 耒, in which it represents a bifurcated plow, and 茶, in which it represents the door of a hut. Unrelated to 米 since it is the pictogram of six rice kernels. Also unrelated to 保, in which it represents the body of a newborn baby.
No known cognate exists. It can perhaps be compared with Proto-Karen *məŋᴮ (“trunk (of a tree); firewood”) (Starostin) or Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔmuk (“stump (of a tree)”) (Schuessler, 2007).
The common Sino-Tibetan root for “tree; wood” is *siŋ ~ sik, represented by 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”).

cog

有木有

(Mandarin, neologism, slang) Eye dialect spelling of 沒／没.


秮

Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE

Xiānshí zhě, jīng yè dài máng yǐ duǎn héng, suì jù ér fāng duó, kuò mǐ ér bù xiāng.

先時者，莖葉帶芒以短衡，穗鉅而芳奪，秮米而不香。

先时者，茎叶带芒以短衡，穗巨而芳夺，秮米而不香。


窩

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qloːl): semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).

Han compound

I don't know~ (a Taiwanese Internet meme)

窩不知道

窝不知道

(Internet slang) Eye dialect spelling of 我 (wǒ, “I; me”).


aha

Polish: aha

Silesian: aha

Natural expression. First attested in the second half of the 15th century.

onomatopoeic

Natural expression

etydate

Odwroczcze szye wszystczy rychlo zapalayøcz szya, gysz my mowyø: aha, aha (qui dicunt mihi: Euge, euge)!

1916 [second half of the 15th century], Stanisław Słoński, editor, Psałterz puławski, Greater Poland, pages 69, 4:

(hapax, attested in Greater Poland) aha (showing surprise)


肏

/t͡sʰaːu̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰaːu̯³³/

/t͡sʰaːu̯³⁵/

/t͡sʰaːu̯³³/

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 入 (“enter”) + 肉 (“flesh”).
Probably from Northern Wu 戳 (⁷tshoq).

Han compound

(vulgar) expressing amusement: LOL; what the fuck?


羽

Duan Yucai
Kao Gong Ji
Rites of Zhou
Zheng Xuan
zh:賈公彥

Based on a commentary to the following passage from the Kao Gong Ji in the Rites of Zhou by the Eastern Han scholar Zheng Xuan (鄭玄, 127–200): 「弓而羽閷，末應將發。」 The Tang-era scholar Jia Gongyan (賈公彥) considers Zheng's reading as 破讀／破读 (pòdú, “isolated instance of unusual pronunciation”). The textual quality of the passage, along with the meaning of the Zheng–Jia commentaries, has been called into question.

lang

「弓而羽閷，末應將發。」

「弓而羽閷，末應將發。」

lang

「下柎之弓」節…未知其所以然，不敢強解。

「下柎之弓」節…未知其所以然，不敢強解。

段玉裁云「此易其字」。案經典「扈」無「緩」訓，未詳所出。

段玉裁云「此易其字」。案經典「扈」無「緩」訓，未詳所出。


jaguar

Internationalism; compare English jaguar, French jaguar, German Jaguar, ultimately from Portuguese jaguar, from Old Tupi îagûara.

Panthera onca
Panthera onca#Translingual


草

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (草):
* → Japanese: 草(そう) (sō)
* → Korean: 초(草) (cho)
* → Vietnamese: thảo (草)

Vietnamese: tháu (“scrawling”)

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰuːʔ): semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 早 (OC *ʔsuːʔ). Originally referred to 皂, and later borrowed for the “grass” sense, replacing 艸.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tswa-n (“grass”); cognate with Tibetan རྩྭ (rtswa, “grass”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).
Alternatively, it may be related to 芻 (OC *sʰro, “hay”), from Austroasiatic; compare Mon ချဲ (“grass; weeds; hay”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Han compound

屮
艸
𢂉
𦯑
𦯨
𦳕
𦷣
𦳱
騲

狂草

(calligraphy) Short for 草書／草书 (cǎoshū, “cursive script (grass script)”).


草

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

/t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴/

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 草 (kusa, “LOL”). See the Japanese entry for more information.
As an interjection, this term is easily confused with the native “fuck” sense above. To distinguish between the two senses, 中國語／中国语 (Zhōngguóyǔ, “Chinese”) and 日本語／日本语 (Rìběnyǔ, “Japanese”) are usually put in parentheses following the term to specify which sense is intended.

obor

屮
艸
𢂉
𦯑
𦯨
𦳕
𦷣
𦳱
騲

草（中日雙語）

草（中日双语）


dame

English: dame; dam

Scots: dame, deem; dam

From Old French dame, from Latin domina.

A respectful term of address for any woman (sometimes sarcastic).


sir

From Middle English sir, unstressed form of sire, borrowed from Old French sire (“master, sir, lord”), from Latin senior (“older, elder”), from senex (“old”). Doublet of seigneur, seignior, senhor, senior, señor, senyor, signore, and sire.

това́рищ

+ military rank, in the Soviet/Russian Army

сэр m (sɛr) (in translations from English)

господи́н

+ military rank, in the Russian Army before 1917

Just be careful. He gets whingy now if you don't address him as Sir John.

A respectful term of address to a man of higher rank or position, particularly:

to a knight or other low member of the peerage.

Sir, yes sir.

Here's my report, sir.

Jeeves: Foreign travel often liberates emotions best kept in check, sir. The air of North America is notoriously stimulating in this regard, as witness the regrettable behavior of its inhabitants in 1776.
B. Wooster: Hm? What happened in 1776, Jeeves?
Jeeves: I prefer not to dwell on it, if it's convenient to you, sir.

1991 May 12, “Kidnapped!”, in Jeeves and Wooster, Series 2, Episode 5:

Excuse me, sir, do you know the way to the art museum?

A respectful term of address to an adult male (often older), especially if his name or proper title is unknown.

zotëri

address to any male, especially if his name or proper address is unknown

ခင်ဗျာ

used by males to address both males and females

ရှင်

used by females to address both males and females

сер m (ser) (in translations from English)


coke

→ Portuguese: coque

Perhaps from Middle English coke, colk (“core”), from Old English *colc (“hole, well”), from Proto-West Germanic *kolk, from Proto-Germanic *kulukaz (“a hollow, depression”), from Proto-Indo-European *g(ʷ)el- (“to swallow, devour; gullet”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Kolk (“maelstrom, depression, whirlpool”), West Frisian kolk (“maelstrom, whirlpool”), Dutch kolk (“maelstrom, vortex, whirlpool”), German Kolk (“pothole”).

cog

The plant should produce approximately 550,000 tons of screened blast furnace coke per year.

At Ho-pi (Hopi) in northern Honan two modern shafts were under construction in 1957-8; but the coal from Ho-pi is expected to be of rather poor quality and so will be mixed with rich coal from P'ing-ting-shan (Pingtingshan) in central Honan for coke making.

1963, “The Coal Industry in Mainland China Since 1949”, in The Geographical Journal, volume 129, number 3, →ISSN, →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 333:

(uncountable) Solid residue from roasting coal in a coke oven; used principally as a fuel and in the production of steel and formerly as a domestic fuel.


coke

en-verb

coke (third-person singular simple present cokes, present participle coking, simple past and past participle coked)

cokes (present singular third-person)
coking (participle present)
coked (participle past)
coked (past)

In kerolox engines, some of the fuel flow cokes in the engine's cooling passages over time, requiring thorough cleaning prior to reuse.

(especially automotive, astronautics) To add deleterious carbon deposits as a byproduct of combustion.


coke

1909, from the name of the American company Coca-Cola and the beverage it produced; the drink was named for two of its original ingredients, coca leaves and cola nut.

(uncountable, informal) Alternative letter-case form of Coke (cola-based soft drink, especially Coca-Cola).

Coke

(countable, informal) Alternative letter-case form of Coke (a serving of cola-based soft drink, especially Coca-Cola).

Coke

(US, chiefly Southern US, New Mexico, informal) Alternative letter-case form of Coke (any soft drink, regardless of type).


远

Found in the historical Chinese dictionary Longkan Shoujian 《龍龕手鑑》 compiled in 997 AD.


munt

Probably derived from Northern Ndebele umuntu, with stress on the first syllable, which is uncommon for Nguni languages.

My Dad has taught me that in England some foolish man may call me sambo, darkie, boot or munt or nigger, even.

1964 [1957], Colin MacInnes, City of Spades, London: Penguin Books, page 22:

Munt was a derogatory term used by the [Rhodesian] security forces to refer to blacks.

2006, Geoffrey Nyarota, Against the Grain: Memoirs of a Zimbabwean Newsman, Zebra Press, page 63:

(Rhodesia, slang, originally military, derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) A black person, usually a man.


鐽

^‡ The meaning of this term is uncertain.


馘

Cheng Hao
Cheng Yi
Shuowen Jiezi
Zhuangzi (book)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷrɯːɡ): semantic 首 (“head”) + phonetic 或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ). This character largely displaced 聝 (OC *kʷrɯːɡ) in the received corpus of ancient classics. See also 𢦞.

Han compound

Living in a narrow lane of a poor mean hamlet, weaving sandals amid distress of poverty, with a weazen neck and yellow face - that is what I [Cao Shang] should find it difficult to do. But as soon as I come to an understanding with the Lord of a myriad carriages, to find myself with a retinue of a hundred carriages - that is wherein I excel.

Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Fú chù qiónglǘ èxiàng, kùnjiǒng zhī jù, gǎoxiànghuángxù zhě, Shāng zhī suǒduǎn yě; yī wù wànchéng zhī zhǔ, ér cóngchē bǎichéng zhě, Shāng zhī suǒcháng yě.

夫處窮閭阨巷，困窘織屨，槁項黃馘者，商之所短也；一悟萬乘之主，而從車百乘者，商之所長也。

夫处穷闾阨巷，困窘织屦，槁项黄馘者，商之所短也；一悟万乘之主，而从车百乘者，商之所长也。

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

Alternative form of 𤷇 (xù, “headache; aching head”)


默

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mlɯːɡ): phonetic 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ) + semantic 犬 (“dog”)

Han compound

(Internet slang, offensive, ethnic slur) (from 黑 (“black, negro”) + 犬 (quǎn, “dog”)) nigger


bonne

bonne (indefinite nominative singular)
bonnes (genitive indefinite singular)
bonnen (definite nominative singular)
bonnens (definite genitive singular)
bonnar (indefinite nominative plural)
bonnars (genitive indefinite plural)
bonnarna (definite nominative plural)
bonnarnas (definite genitive plural)

Eye dialect spelling of bonde (“farmer”), representing Southern Swedish.


FX

(Philippines, automobiles) a Tamaraw FX vehicle


FX

Genericized trademark from an ellipsis of English Tamaraw FX.


lief

nl-adj

lief (comparative liever, superlative liefst)

liever (comparative)
liefst (superlative)
lief (adverbial positive predicative)
liever (adverbial comparative predicative)
het liefst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het liefste (adverbial predicative superlative)
lieve (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
lievere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
liefste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
lief (indefinite neuter positive singular)
liever (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
liefste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
lieve (indefinite plural positive)
lievere (comparative indefinite plural)
liefste (indefinite plural superlative)
lieve (definite positive)
lievere (comparative definite)
liefste (definite superlative)
liefs (partitive positive)
lievers (comparative partitive)

Afrikaans: lief

Negerhollands: lief

Papiamentu: lif

From Middle Dutch lief, from Old Dutch *liof, from Proto-West Germanic *leub, from Proto-Germanic *leubaz, from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-.

Zij heeft een lieve glimlach.

De jongen is heel lief voor zijn hond.The boy is very kind to his dog.

Doesburg is een lief stadje.


鴨

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːb): phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).
Shuowen commented that 鴨 is the colloquial name for 鶩 (OC *moɡs, *moːɡ, “duck”). Probably onomatopoeic in origin. Compare Proto-Tani *ǰap (“duck”).
Another word meaning "duck" in Old Chinese is 鴄 (OC *pʰid), a substrate loanword, possibly from Tai-Kadai or Austroasiatic.
; “male prostitute”

Han compound

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(Mainland China Mandarin, neologism, slang) Eye dialect spelling of 呀 (ya, “sentence-final particle”).


spade

Probably from Italian spade, plural of spada (“the ace of spades”, literally “sword, spade”), from earlier *spata, from Latin spatha, from Ancient Greek σπᾰ́θη (spáthē). Cognate with Etymology 1. So called for the shape, though what the shape was exactly meant to represent has been debated.

And as for a divorce, I know plenty spades right here in Harlem get married any time they want to.

1929, Wallace Thurman, The Blacker the Berry, New York: Collier Books, published 1970, →ISBN, page 161:

Example: Max was in a hospital in New York and "the night nurse was a groovy spade, and in the afternoon for therapy there was a chick from Israel who was interesting, but there was nothing much to do in the morning, so I left".

1968, Joan Didion, “Slouching Towards Bethlehem”, in Slouching Towards Bethlehem:

It had even gotten to the point that Negroes were no longer in the hip scene, not even as totem figures. It was unbelievable. Spades, the very soul figures of Hip, of jazz, of the hip vocabulary itself, man and like dig and baby and scarf and split and later and so fine, of civil rights and graduating from Reed College and living on North Beach, down Mason, and balling spade cats—all that good elaborate petting and patting and pouring soul all over the spades—all over, finished, incredibly.

1968, Tom Wolfe, The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Bantam, published 1997, →ISBN, page 9:

(offensive, ethnic slur) A black person.


Can I come 2?

(text messaging, informal, eye dialect) Abbreviation of too.


am

head

am (definite accusative amı, plural amlar)

amı (accusative definite)
amlar (plural)
am (nominative singular)
amlar (nominative plural)
amı (accusative definite singular)
amları (accusative definite plural)
ama (dative singular)
amlara (dative plural)
amda (locative singular)
amlarda (locative plural)
amdan (ablative singular)
amlardan (ablative plural)
amın (genitive singular)
amların (genitive plural)
amım (first-person nominative singular)
amlarım (first-person nominative singular)
amın (nominative second-person singular)
amların (nominative second-person singular)
amı (nominative singular third-person)
amları (nominative singular third-person)
amımız (first-person nominative plural)
amlarımız (first-person nominative plural)
amınız (nominative plural second-person)
amlarınız (nominative plural second-person)
amları (nominative plural third-person)
amımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
amlarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
amını (accusative definite second-person singular)
amlarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
amını (accusative definite singular third-person)
amlarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
amımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
amlarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
amınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
amlarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
amlarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
amıma (dative first-person singular)
amlarıma (dative first-person singular)
amına (dative second-person singular)
amlarına (dative second-person singular)
amına (dative singular third-person)
amlarına (dative singular third-person)
amımıza (dative first-person plural)
amlarımıza (dative first-person plural)
amınıza (dative plural second-person)
amlarınıza (dative plural second-person)
amlarına (dative plural third-person)
amımda (first-person locative singular)
amlarımda (first-person locative singular)
amında (locative second-person singular)
amlarında (locative second-person singular)
amında (locative singular third-person)
amlarında (locative singular third-person)
amımızda (first-person locative plural)
amlarımızda (first-person locative plural)
amınızda (locative plural second-person)
amlarınızda (locative plural second-person)
amlarında (locative plural third-person)
amımdan (ablative first-person singular)
amlarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
amından (ablative second-person singular)
amlarından (ablative second-person singular)
amından (ablative singular third-person)
amlarından (ablative singular third-person)
amımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
amlarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
amınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
amlarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
amlarından (ablative plural third-person)
amımın (first-person genitive singular)
amlarımın (first-person genitive singular)
amının (genitive second-person singular)
amlarının (genitive second-person singular)
amının (genitive singular third-person)
amlarının (genitive singular third-person)
amımızın (first-person genitive plural)
amlarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
amınızın (genitive plural second-person)
amlarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
amlarının (genitive plural third-person)

From Ottoman Turkish آم, from Proto-Turkic *am (“vulva”).


aspirin

en-noun

aspirin (countable and uncountable, plural aspirins)

Genericized trademark of German Aspirin, from acetylierte Spirsäure (literally “acetylated spiraeic acid”). The trade name Aspirin is a registered trademark in some countries, but has entered the English language in generic usage, as various German trademarks were nullified in the United States after World War I (see also heroin).

acetylsalicylic acid
acetylsalicylic acid

(uncountable, organic chemistry, pharmacology) an analgesic drug, acetylsalicylic acid


aspirin

áspirín (canonical)
ᜀᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English aspirin, from the genericized trademark of German Aspirin. Doublet of aspirina.


aqua

id-noun

aqua (first-person possessive aquaku, second-person possessive aquamu, third-person possessive aquanya)

aquaku (first-person possessive)
aquamu (possessive second-person)
aquanya (possessive third-person)

A genericized trademark of the Indonesian trademark Aqua, from Latin aqua (“water”).


vodka

en-noun

vodka (countable and uncountable, plural vodkas)

→ Cebuano: bodka

→ Welsh: fodca

From Russian во́дка (vódka), from вода́ (vodá, “water”) + -ка (-ka, “-let: forming diminutives”). The archaic Russian name for vodka was хле́бное вино́ (xlébnoje vinó, “grain wine”); V. Pokhlyobkin's research suggests the present name derived from expressions concerning the dilution of the initial pure distilled spirit such as "vodka of grain wine".
Cognates include Sanskrit उदक (udaka), Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) → English hydro-, English whisky and English water.

(countable, military slang, ethnic slur) A Russian.


bagel

→ Chinese: 貝果／贝果 (bèiguǒ)

→ Dutch: bagel

→ Finnish: bagel

→ French: bagel

→ German: Bagel

→ Greek: μπέιγκελ (béigkel)

→ Hijazi Arabic: بيقل (bēgil, bēgal)

→ Indonesian: bagel

→ Italian: bagel

→ Japanese: ベーグル (bēguru)

→ Korean: 베이글 (beigeul)

→ Persian: بیگل (beygel)

→ Portuguese: bagel

→ Russian: бейгл (bejgl)

→ Spanish: bagel

→ Thai: เบเกิล (bee-gə̂l)

→ Ukrainian: бейґл (bejgl)

Borrowed from Yiddish בייגל (beygl), ultimately from a diminutive of Middle High German bouc, boug- (“ring, bracelet”), from Old High German boug (“ring”), from Proto-West Germanic *baug, from Proto-Germanic *baugaz (“ring”).
Compare obsolete English bee, Old English bēag, Old Frisian bāg, Old Saxon bōg, Middle Low German bōg, Old Norse baugr. Also compare dialectal Austrian German Beugel, Beigel. See also beag.

(slang, ethnic slur, South Africa) An overly materialistic and selfish young Jewish man.


poppet

(informal, term of endearment) An endearingly sweet or beautiful child.

The stem and valve head in a poppet valve.

A doll (such as a voodoo doll) made in witchcraft to represent a person, used in casting spells on that person.

After passing through the poppet valve, the impulse air and water flows through a poppet discharge stop valve and then through a discharge pipe to the poppet drain tank or bilge

(nautical) One of certain upright timbers on the bilge ways, used to support a vessel in launching.

(engineering) An upright support or guide fastened at the bottom only.


dumbass

From dumb + ass. It is likely that ¹ass (= donkey), not ²ass (= buttocks), was the original sense within this compound noun (solid compound or open compound), but neither sense is precluded, and many people today may uncritically parse the term in the latter way, even if it is misapprehensive. Apparent analogy with forms such as hard-ass and big-ass would naturally lend support to the second parsing. A similar synergy can be seen in the fact that the terms buttload and assload originated as literally meaning a cartload and the load transportable by a single donkey (respectively), but probably most English speakers today would assume that their derivation involves the buttocks.

The dumbass walked off with my car keys and left me hers.

(US, sometimes considered, vulgar, slang, mildly derogatory) A stupid or foolish person.


dumbass

en-adj

dumbass (comparative more dumbass or dumberass, superlative most dumbass or dumbestass)

more dumbass (comparative)
dumberass (comparative)
most dumbass (superlative)
dumbestass (superlative)

That dumbass driver ruined my car!

I zipped my coat up to the neck, worried now that going to the march was more dumbass than I'd thought. It got closer—the only frigging thing in the road!—and I realized I was shaking. I couldn't move.

2015, Jason Reynolds, Brendan Kiely, All American Boys, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:

(US, vulgar, slang, mildly derogatory) Stupid, foolish.


lad

From Middle English ladde (“foot soldier, servant; male commoner; boy”), from late Old English *ladda (attested in Old English personal byname Ladda), probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Old Norse ladd (“hose, woolen stocking; sock”), which may have undergone semantic shift to mean a term of abuse (e.g. foolish youth, youngster of lower social status, etc.); thence by connotative amelioration coming to mean any young fellow. Compare Norwegian ladd (“rough sock, woolen or felt slipper”) and the -ladd in compounds Askeladd/Askeladden (a nickname in fairy tales, "Ash Lad") and tusseladd (“nincompoop”). See also Swedish ladder (“old shoes”), lodde (“Frisian shoe”), lädder (“socks”), all said to be related to Old Norse loðinn (“hairy, shaggy, woolly”), loddi (“shaggy dog”).

cog

Come here, lad, and help me shift these boxes.

A familiar term of address for a young man.


cola

nl-noun

cola m (plural cola's, diminutive colaatje n)

cola's (plural)
colaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from English cola, from the fizzy drink Coca Cola; the second part was named after the kola nuts that are used as an ingredient.


cola

cola (nominative singular)
cole (nominative plural)
coli (genitive singular)
col (genitive plural)
coli (genitive plural)
coli (dative singular)
colom (dative plural)
colę (accusative singular)
cole (accusative plural)
colą (instrumental singular)
colami (instrumental plural)
coli (locative singular)
colach (locative plural)
colo (singular vocative)
cole (plural vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English cola, from a Niger-Congo language. Genericized trademark.


bitch

en-noun

bitch (countable and uncountable, plural bitches)

→ Dutch: bitch

→? German: Betze, Bätze, Petze

→ French: bitch

From Middle English biche, bicche, from Old English biċċe, from Proto-West Germanic *bikkjā, from Proto-Germanic *bikjǭ (compare Norwegian bikkje (“dog”), Old Danish bikke), from *bikjaną (“to thrust, attack”) (compare Old Norse bikkja (“plunge into water”), Dutch bikken (“to hack”)). More at bicker.

My bitch just had puppies; they're so cute!

All members of one breed, both dog and bitch, champion and nonchampion, are judged in a series of competitions until only one animal remains.

1953, LIFE, volume 34, number 6, page 110:

(dated or specialised, dog-breeding) A female dog or other canine, particularly a recent mother.

dated or specialised; dog-breeding; dated or specialised; dog-breeding

female

when the species is specified or implied


hula hoop

en-verb

hula hoop (third-person singular simple present hula hoops, present participle hula hooping, simple past and past participle hula hooped)

hula hoops (present singular third-person)
hula hooping (participle present)
hula hooped (participle past)
hula hooped (past)

Former trademark of Wham-O, which introduced the product in 1958.


negro

(offensive, ethnic slur, vulgar) a person of African descent; a black person


negro

eo-head

negro (accusative singular negron, plural negroj, accusative plural negrojn)

negron (accusative singular)
negroj (plural)
negrojn (accusative plural)

“Ses centojn da negroj mi ĉe Senegal
Akiris je prezo profita,
Malmola viando, simila al ŝton’,
La membroj — el ŝtalo forĝita.”

1897 June, A. Kofman, “El Heine: La sklavoŝipo”, in Lingvo Internacia, volume 2, numbers 6-7, page 89:

“600 negros at Senegal I acquired at a profitable price, hard meat, like stone, the members—from steel forged.”


negro

From Latin nigrum. The offensive senses derive from the anglophone usage of Spanish negro.

(now offensive, ethnic slur, now vulgar) nigger


negro

tl-noun

negro (feminine negra, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish negro, from Latin nigrum.

(colloquial, usually derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) one with dark pigmentation of the skin, such as those of African descent with sub-Saharan origin


spam

en-noun

spam (countable and uncountable, plural spams)

The original sense (canned ham) is a proprietary name registered by Geo. A. Hormel & Co. in U.S., 1937. It is presumed to be a conflation of either "spiced ham" or "shoulder of pork and ham" but was soon extended to other kinds of canned meat. Hormel spells the trademarked name in all upper case.
The use for unsolicited and unwanted email derives from a Monty Python sketch (Flying Circus, Episode 25). In the 1970 sketch, a group of Vikings in a restaurant repeatedly chant the word "spam". The earliest recorded real-life use for this sense occurs around 1993 which finds reference in a newsgroup post dated March 31, 1993.
The term appears to have been used earlier in a different sense in relation to "Multi-User Dungeons" (MUDs), a kind of multi-user computer gaming environment before widespread use of the Internet, in the 1980s.

An Act to provide for the control of spam, which is unsolicited commercial communications sent in bulk by electronic mail or by text or multi-media messaging to mobile telephone numbers, and to provide for matters connected therewith.

Long title, Spam Control Act (Cap. 311A, R. Ed. 2008)

(uncountable, computing, Internet) Any undesired electronic content automatically generated for commercial purposes.


hamburger

pl-noun

hamburger m animal (related adjective hamburgerowy)

hamburgerowy (adjective)
hamburger (nominative singular)
hamburgery (nominative plural)
hamburgera (genitive singular)
hamburgerów (genitive plural)
hamburgerowi (dative singular)
hamburgerom (dative plural)
hamburger (accusative singular)
hamburgera (accusative singular)
hamburgery (accusative plural)
hamburgerem (instrumental singular)
hamburgerami (instrumental plural)
hamburgerze (locative singular)
hamburgerach (locative plural)
hamburgerze (singular vocative)
hamburgery (plural vocative)

Borrowed from American English hamburger.

bor+

(derogatory, ethnic slur) burger (American person)


priestess

From priest + -ess. Compare Middle English preesteresse (“priestess”).

cog

The “extenuating circumstances” set forth by the Rev. Mr. Higgins certainly bring home not only the nature of Bishop Hall's problem but its cause; however, the problems of parish life under a deaconess are insignificant in comparison with the very grave issues raised by the ordination of a priestess.

1944 November 19, “Letters”, in The Living Church, volume 109, number 21, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Morehouse-Gorham Co., page 2:

1976 July 10, Aubrey Wice, “Anglican, Greek Orthodox Doctrines at Odds: Women Priests Create Rift Between Churches”, in The Globe and Mail, Toronto, →ISSN, page 36:

He has cleverly figured out that the deluded pro-priestess faction of the church already has its necessary two-thirds majority and that the time to act is now.

1986 June 25, John Fraser, “Dust-up Over Women Will Enliven Anglican Synod”, in The Globe and Mail, Toronto, →ISSN, page A7:

THE Church of England is considering taking legal action against a recalcitrant opponent of women priests in Hull who refuses to take down a church sign which says: "This Anglican parish has no part in the apostasy of priestesses."

1996 July 15, Madeleine Bunting, “Priest Defends 'Sexist' Sign”, in The Guardian, London, →ISSN, page 6:

2003 December, Larry A. Carstens, “The Non Serviam of the Episcopal Church: Unsex Me!”, in New Oxford Review, volume 70, number 11, →ISSN, pages 33–34:

(religious slur, uncommon) A female Christian priest or minister, typically in a Protestant, Old Catholic, or independent Catholic denomination.


jandal

Blend of Japanese + sandal, originally a trademarked name.

(New Zealand) A flip-flop (type of footwear)


mate

From Middle English mate, a borrowing from Middle Low German mate (“messmate”) (replacing Middle English mette (“table companion, mate, partner”), from Old English ġemetta (“sharer of food, table-guest”)), derived from Proto-Germanic *gamatjô, itself from *ga- (“together”) (related to German and Dutch ge-) + *matjô (from *matiz (“food”)), related to Old English mete (“food”)). From the same Middle Low German source stems German Low German Maat (“journeyman, companion”), German Maat (“naval non-commissioned officer”). Cognates include Saterland Frisian Moat (“friend, buddy, comrade, mate”), Dutch maat (“mate, partner, colleague, friend”). More at Old English ġe-, English co-, English meat. Doublet of maat.

Excuse me, mate, have you got the time?

(colloquial, British, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, sometimes elsewhere in the Commonwealth) Friendly term of address to a stranger, usually male, of similar age.


鬼佬

→ English: gweilo, gwailo, kwailo

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ laʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ lou̯³⁵/

/kui³³⁻³⁵ l̃o³³/

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ laʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/kʷɐi̯³⁵ lou̯³⁵/

/kui³³⁻³⁵ l̃o³³/

Originally Cantonese. From the supposed resemblance of Portuguese and other European skin tones to ghosts.

(chiefly Cantonese, Eastern Min, colloquial, derogatory, sometimes offensive, ethnic slur) gweilo; "foreign devil"; Caucasian; whitey

Terms that include 鬼 and/or 番 are potentially derogatory.


jackass

en-noun

jackass (countable and uncountable, plural jackasses)


pole

pl-noun

pole n (diminutive pólko or poletko, related adjective polny)

pólko (diminutive)
poletko (diminutive)
polny (adjective)
pole (nominative singular)
pola (nominative plural)
pola (genitive singular)
pól (genitive plural)
polu (dative singular)
polom (dative plural)
pole (accusative singular)
pola (accusative plural)
polem (instrumental singular)
polami (instrumental plural)
polu (locative singular)
polach (locative plural)
pole (singular vocative)
pola (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish pole. Doublet of polje.

Fortuna anatina et anataria, Szcżeśćie ná kácze pole.

(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.


baba

Polish: baba

Silesian: baba

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *baba. First attested in 1393.

Que sibi cessit post matrem suam al. po babye

1868 [1472], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XII, page 347:


cos

Clipping of cos lettuce, variously derived from the Greek island of Kos and from Arabic خس (ḵass, “lettuce”).

(chiefly UK) Synonym of romaine lettuce, a long-leaved variety of lettuce.


cos

Taking the shortcut through the alleyway by the Jobcentre Plus, just cos I can, we arrive at my flat within minutes.

2021, Isabel Waidner, Sterling Karat Gold, Peninsula Press, page 161:

(UK, Ireland, South Africa, African-American Vernacular) Informal spelling of 'cause (“because”).


cos

(informal, African-American Vernacular) Alternative form of coz, cousin.


cos

The stages and distances are as follows:—Hitounda to Bhainsa Dobháng, 3½ cos; to Bhimphédy, 4 cos; to Tambakhâni, 3 cos; to Chitlong, 3 cos; to Thankot, 3 cos; to Káthmándú, 3 cos—Total, 19½ cos.

1857, Brian Houghton Hodgson, Selections from the Records of the Government of Bengal, No. XXVII: Papers Relative to the Colonization, Commerce, Physical Geography, &c., &c., of the Himalaya Mountains and Nepal, p. 22

Alternative form of coss, a traditional Nepali unit of distance.


Pepsi

→ French: pepsi

→ Hindi: पेप्सी (pepsī)

→ Mauritian Creole: pepsi

→ Polish: pepsi

→ Portuguese: Pepsi, pepsi

→ Serbo-Croatian: Pepsi, pepsi

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Pepsi.wav

Originally short for Pepsi-Cola, coined in 1898 as a renaming of the brand from "Brad's Drink", in order to imply that the fizzy drink could cure dyspepsia. While some have suggested Pepsi is short for the digestive enzyme pepsin, sometimes with the assumption that pepsin was used as an ingredient in Pepsi, this is a folk etymology, as there is no official confirmation of it nor any evidence for a link between the enzyme and the beverage.
Nonetheless, both the words pepsin and dyspepsia ultimately derive from Ancient Greek πέψις (pépsis), which means “cooking, fermentation or digestion”. (Compare Italian pepsi, from the same source.)
(person from Quebec): In reference to their supposed love of junk food.

[…] and to maintain a relatively superior, paternalistic position from which French Canadians are for the most part regarded as 'peasoups' or 'Pepsis,' as fellow citizens requiring benevolent supervision […]

1993, Canadian Review of Comparative Literature, volume 20, page 276:

(slang, ethnic slur) A person from Quebec, Canada.


Bangla

(Singapore, Malaysia, British, offensive, ethnic slur) A Bangladeshi.


dumpling

A folk word, first attested in c. 1600s, apparently from a Norfolk (East Anglian) dialect, of uncertain origin:
* perhaps from some Low German word (compare dümpeln (“bobbing up and down”)),
* or from the rare dialectal adjective dump (“lump, of the consistency of dough”) (first attested in the late 1800s), + -ling (diminutive suffix), although dumpling is recorded much earlier. However, compare dumpy (“short and stout”).

(cooking) A ball of dough that is cooked and may have a filling and/or additional ingredients in the dough.

(chiefly UK) Specifically, a ball of dough used in stews and other sauced dishes; a thick noodle.

(chiefly US) Specifically, a food composed of a dough wrapper around a filling.


pudding

en-noun

pudding (countable and uncountable, plural puddings)

→ Belarusian: пу́дынг (púdynh)

→ Burmese: ပူတင်း (putang:)

→ Chinese: 布丁 (bùdīng), 布甸 (bùdiàn)

→ Esperanto: pudingo

→ Estonian: puding

→ French: poudingue

→ Italian: puddinga

→? French: poutine (semantic loan)

desctree

→ French: pudding, pouding (post-1990 spelling)
→ Romanian: budincă
→ Turkish: puding

→ Dutch: pudding

→ German: Pudding

→ Japanese: プディング (pudingu)

→ Latvian: pudiņš

→ Lithuanian: pudingas

→? Michif: poutchine

→ Polish: pudding

→ Portuguese: pudim

→ Russian: пу́динг (púding)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу̀динг

Latin script: pùding

→ Spanish: budín, pudding, pudin, pudín

→ Swedish: pudding

→ Ukrainian: пу́динг (púdynh), пу́ндик (púndyk)

→ Welsh: pwdin

From circa 1305, Middle English podynge (“kind of sausage; meat-filled animal stomach”), puddynge, from Old French boudin (“blood sausage, black pudding”), from Latin botellus (“sausage, small intestine”). Doublet of boudin.
* An alternative etymology assumes origin from Proto-Germanic *put-, *pud- (“to swell”) (compare dialectal English pod (“belly”), Old English puduc (“wen, sore”), Low German puddig (“swollen”), Westphalian Puddek (“lump, pudding”), Puddewurst (“black pudding”). More at pout.

der

the proof of the pudding is in the eating

A type of dessert that has a texture similar to custard or mousse but using some kind of starch as the thickening agent.

пудинг

dessert similar to custard or mousse, containing a starchy thickening agent

We have apple pie for pudding today.

(UK, Australia, New Zealand) Dessert; the dessert course of a meal.

(archaic, slang) A piece of good fortune.


fan

Han er ein feig fan.
He's a wimpy fucker.

(swear word, in juxtapositions) Alternative form of faen


fan

From Late Old Norse fendinn, perhaps from Old Frisian fandiand, present participle of fandia (“tempt”), from Proto-Germanic *fandōną (“seek, search for, examine”). Cognate with Danish fanden and Norwegian Bokmål faen.

Fan (också)! Jag glömde nycklarna.

(Va) fan!

Va fan?

Vad i självaste fan?

What in the ever-loving hell? (Literally, "What in the very devil himself?")

Det var då själva fan!

Oh for fuck's sake! (Roughly, "It was the devil himself!")

(swear word, sometimes followed by också or preceded by va or vad) damn (referring to the devil)


fan

Fan vilken bra låt!

Fan vad trist att din katt dog

How bloody sad that your cat died (with a sincere tone)

Det var fan på tiden!

Vem fan är det där?

Fan vad konstigt

(swear word) A (positive or negative) intensifier.


kadamitas

la-noun

kadamitās f (genitive kadamitātis); third declension

kadamitās (canonical feminine)
kadamitātis (genitive)
kadamitās (nominative singular)
kadamitātēs (nominative plural)
kadamitātis (genitive singular)
kadamitātum (genitive plural)
kadamitātī (dative singular)
kadamitātibus (dative plural)
kadamitātem (accusative singular)
kadamitātēs (accusative plural)
kadamitāte (ablative singular)
kadamitātibus (ablative plural)
kadamitās (singular vocative)
kadamitātēs (plural vocative)

Latin: calamitās

[käˈd̪ämɪt̪äːs̠]

From Proto-Italic *kalamos (“damaged”), from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥h₂m-, from *kelh₂- (“to beat, break”); see also Proto-Celtic *kladiwos, Proto-Celtic *klamitos, Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos), Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálˀtei (“to beat”).

Cn. Pompeius Magnus et scribebat et dicebat kadamitatem pro calamitatem

Gaius Marius Victorinus, Ars grammatica VI.8.15K

Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus wrote and spoke kadamitas for calamitas


barg

(attested in Lesser Poland) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

Pro I ligno pro acervo, pro bark

1378, Adam Chmiel, editor, Księgi radzieckie kazimierskie, Krakow, page 106:


beau

From Middle English beau, beu, bew, bewe, from Old French beau, from Latin bellus (“beautiful”). Doublet of bello and boo.

Coordinate term: belle

“[…]—I suppose your brother was quite a beau, Miss Dashwood, before he married, as he was so rich?”
“Upon my word,” replied Elinor, “I cannot tell you, for I do not perfectly comprehend the meaning of the word. But this I can say, that if he ever was a beau before he married, he is one still, for there is not the smallest alteration in him.”
“Oh! dear! one never thinks of married men’s being beaux—they have something else to do.”

1811, [Jane Austen], chapter XXI, in Sense and Sensibility […], volume I, London: […] C[harles] Roworth, […], and published by T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 290:

[H]e could not but turn with ineffable contempt to the tawdry beaus and belles from the city, who presumed to mingle in the fashionable gala.

1824, Cut and Come again [pseudonym], “On Cutting”, in Tobias Merton [pseudonym; Samuel Egerton Brydges and Egerton Anthony Brydges], editor, The Literary Magnet of the Belles Lettres, Science, and the Fine Arts: […], volume II, London: William Charlton Wright, […], page 19:

(dated) A man with a reputation for fine dress and etiquette; a dandy or fop.


vespa

id-noun

vespa (first-person possessive vespaku, second-person possessive vespamu, third-person possessive vespanya)

vespaku (first-person possessive)
vespamu (possessive second-person)
vespanya (possessive third-person)


vespa

Borrowed from Italian vespa. Doublet of avispa.


vespa

vespa (indefinite nominative singular)
vespas (genitive indefinite singular)
vespan (definite nominative singular)
vespans (definite genitive singular)
vespor (indefinite nominative plural)
vespors (genitive indefinite plural)
vesporna (definite nominative plural)
vespornas (definite genitive plural)

Genericized trademark from the Italian motor scooter brand Vespa.

a motor scooter (small motorcycle or moped with a step-through frame)


si

Eye dialect spelling of se, representing Brazil Portuguese.


wen

(eye dialect) Alternative spelling of when


monkey

en-noun

monkey (plural monkeys or (obsolete) monkies)

monkeys (plural)
monkies (obsolete plural)

→ Chukchi: маӈкы (maṇky)

→ Coeur d'Alene: moonki

→ Irish: moncaí

→ Navajo: mágí

→ Scottish Gaelic: muncaidh

→ Tumbuka: munkhwele

→ Welsh: mwnci

Uncertain. May be derived from monk + -ey (diminutive suffix), or borrowed from Middle Low German Moneke, the name of the son of Martin the Ape in Reynard the Fox (which may represent an unattested colloquial Middle Low German *moneke, *moneken), itself of uncertain origin. Possibly derived from a Romance term represented by Late Middle French monne (whence Modern French mone (“monkey”)) or earlier Old French monnekin (“monkey”), originally Monnekin, the name of a monkey in Li Dis d'Entendement. Compare also Old French and Middle French monin (“monkey”). The French terms may have been borrowed from Italian monna (“monkey”), from Old Spanish mona (“female monkey”), itself a shortening of mamona, variant of maimón, from Arabic مَيْمُون (maymūn, “baboon”)). However, Old French monnekin may alternatively be unrelated to the other terms, instead being a borrowing of Early Middle Dutch mannekin (a diminutive of a personal name or surname; hence, nickname, literally “miniature man”).

gl

whence Modern French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">mone</i> (“monkey”)

der

cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey

you can take the monkey out of the jungle, but you can't take the jungle out of the monkey

(slang, derogatory, ethnic slur, offensive) A black person.


fucker

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ-
Proto-Germanic *fukkōną
Old English *fuccian
Middle English *fukken
English fuck
Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz
Proto-West Germanic *-ārī
Old English -ere
Middle English -er
English -er
English fucker
From fuck + -er (agent suffix).

etymon

You fucker, you wrecked my car!

There are many fuckers in the warehouses.

There are lots of fuckers out here.

I got stabbed by knife from that fucker!

You didn't tell me that this was for children. I hate children. I'd raise money to have the little fuckers put down. I want me money back!

1994, John Hodge, Shallow Grave, spoken by Alex Law (Ewan McGregor):

(offensive or derogatory, vulgar) An undesirable person.

Never stood a chance. The poor fucker was cooked.

2016, Allan Smith, Consequences, page 326:

Let’s see if we can fix this fucker.

Now if I can put that fucker in there installed.

I wanted to look up velleity and quotidian and memorize the fuckers for all time, spell them, learn them, pronounce them syllable by syllable—vocalize, phonate, utter the sounds, say the words for all they're worth.

2007, Don DeLillo, Underworld: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: Scribner Classics, →ISBN, page 543:

She was a good fucker, but to tell the truth, I had had enough for the night.

A system in which men are conditioned to be the pursuer, the agressor ^([sic]), the possessor, the fucker.

1983 December 31, Gary Hirshberg, “Being Who We Are”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 24, page 5:


漢字

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as かんじ. Borrowed from Japanese 漢字 (kanji).

ryu-OG

(hapax, ghost word, obsolete) kanji; Chinese character


ping pong

en-noun

ping pong (countable and uncountable, plural ping pongs)

→ Chinese: 乒乓球 (pīngpāngqiú)

→ Greek: πινγκ πονγκ (pingk pongk)

→ Italian: ping pong

→ Japanese: ピンポン (pin pon)

→ Korean: 핑퐁 (pingpong)

→ Portuguese: pingue-pongue

→ Russian: пинг-понг (ping-pong)

→ Spanish: ping pong

Onomatopoeic. The name “ping-pong” was in wide use before British manufacturer J. Jaques & Son Ltd trademarked it in 1901. Jaques sold the rights to the “ping-pong” name in the United States to Parker Brothers. Registered in the United States in 1930, Ping-Pong (with dash) is still a registered wordmark of Parker Brothers, Inc. Contrary to a common misconception, the word does not originate from Chinese 乒乓 (pīngpāng), though there are possibilities that the coiners encountered Chinese themselves.

Our correspondent seems to hope that the unclean, playing Ping-Pong with the clean, will become unpleasantly conscious of his uncleanness and reform.

1900, Daily Chronicle, published 1905, May 8, page 6/6:


ping pong

Borrowed from English ping pong, originally a trademark. See more at ping pong.


papa

popper (non-rhotic, father-bother merger)

From French papa, from Middle French papa, from Old French papa, from Latin papa, probably originally a reduplicated imitation of a child's early efforts at vocalising Latin pater (“father”). Compare Ancient Greek πάππας (páppas, “papa, daddy”).

onomatopoeic

imitation

cog

(often childish) Dad, daddy, father; a familiar or old-fashioned term of address to one’s father.

(informal) A pet name for one's grandfather.


chick

en-noun

chick (plural chicks or (obsolete) chicken)

chicks (plural)
chicken (obsolete plural)

From Middle English chicke, chike, variation of chiken (“chicken", also "chick”), from Old English ċicen, ċycen (“chicken”). Sense of "young woman" dates to at least 1860 (compare chit (“young, pert woman”)). More at chicken.

The Aldis lamp flashes at the underside of each aircraft. It shows that the gear is down. Diegal is relaxing. This is such low responsibility, easy night duty. All the “chicks” (fighter aircraft) are home to roost except one.

2004, Joe Welzen, The Gutsy Stomach Walker, page 50:

(military, slang) A friendly fighter aircraft.


lady

⇒ Afrikaans: haar ladyskap

→ Arabic: لِيدِي (līdī)

Egyptian Arabic: ليدي (lēdī)

→ Belarusian: лэ́дзі (lédzi)

→ Bulgarian: ле́йди (léjdi)

→ French: lady

→ German: Lady

→ Greek: λαίδη (laídi), λέδη (lédi)

→ Italian: lady

→ Japanese: レディ (redi), レディー (redī)

→ Korean: 레이디 (reidi)

→ Latvian: lēdija

→ Macedonian: леди (ledi)

→ Polish: lady

→ Romanian: lady

→ Russian: ле́ди (lédi)

→ Spanish: lady

→ Swedish: lady

→ Tongan: leitī

→ Ukrainian: ле́ді (lédi)

→ Volapük: läd

From Middle English lady, laddy, lafdi, lavedi, from Old English hlǣfdīġe (“mistress of a household, wife of a lord, lady”, literally “bread-kneader”), from hlāf (“bread, loaf”) + dīġe (“kneader”), related to Old English dǣġe (“maker of dough”) (whence dey (“dairymaid”)). Compare also lord. More at loaf, dairy, dough. Unrelated to lad.

inh

Ladies and gentlemen, it is a pleasure to be here today. Follow me, ladies!

The Celebrity, by arts unknown, induced Mrs. Judge Short and two other ladies to call at Mohair on a certain afternoon when Mr. Cooke was trying a trotter on the track. The three returned wondering and charmed with Mrs. Cooke; they were sure she had had no hand in the furnishing of that atrocious house.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 58:

(in the plural) A polite reference or form of address to women.

(archaic) gastric mill, the triturating apparatus in the stomach of a lobster, consisting of calcareous plates; so called from a fancied resemblance to a seated female figure.

(UK, slang) A five-pound note. (Rhyming slang, Lady Godiva for fiver.)


wanker

tlb

(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, slang, vulgar)

merchant banker Rhyming slang often contracted as in He is a right merchant

(humorous) A very informal term of address used between friends.


neus

nl-noun

neus m or f (plural neuzen, diminutive neusje n)

neuzen (plural)
neusje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: neus

Javindo: nees

Negerhollands: naes, nees, nes

From Middle Dutch nose, nuese, from Old Dutch *nosa, from Proto-West Germanic *nosu.

In het door de rechercheur opgemaakte verbaal staat volgens het CIDI: „X (rode breedbekkikker) arriveert tezamen met een andere neus bij perceel 222 en praten wat.”

1994 February 2, “CIDI eist straf voor rechercheur”, in NRC Handelsblad, page 3:

(ethnic slur, highly offensive) Jew, kike


hout

(Rhodesia, slang, ethnic slur) A black African.


ook

en-verb

ook (third-person singular simple present ooks, present participle ooking, simple past and past participle ooked)

ooks (present singular third-person)
ooking (participle present)
ooked (participle past)
ooked (past)

Imitative of the cry of an ape or monkey.

onomatopoeic

Imitative

Starts ooking and eeking About Slavery, Racism, Hair Salons, etc!

2012 August 19, Trending Now, “Huge Feral Nigger Sheboon Chimps Out at Gas Station”, in aus.politics (Usenet):

On Saturday, April 27, 2013 11:40:40 PM UTC+10, nigger brndy ooked:
> You all have AIDS, cock suckers.

2013 April 27, farkya...@live.com, “Im the only normal person on here”, in alt.music.michael-jackson (Usenet):

Weird spectacle, to be expected of simians.
The grieving mudda is wearing dark sunglasses even though it is night
and appears highly medicated, she ooks and eeks and you can tell she is
in her glory in front of the cameras.

2014 November 26, Jesse, “'Burn this b---- down!'”, in alt.france (Usenet):

Meanwhile, the first nigger interviewed on the scene said she saw
the whole thing. She ooked that the "boy" dint do nuffins" .

2015 May 4, Debby teh Dikeman, “Re: NIGGER LOGIC REVISITED”, in alt.alien.vampire.flonk.flonk.flonk (Usenet):

WASHINGTON -- A California coongressboon ooked today that it would be
"preparing the nigger resistance" instead of apetending human
President-elect Trump's inauguration.
Rep. Barbara Lee (D/Nigger-Calif.) ooked its chimpout in a statement:
"I will not be celebrating or honoring an incoming president who rode
racism, sexism, xenophobia and bigotry to the White House."

2017 January 16, Rick Mathers, “Sow in Coongress will be preparing for chimpout instead of attending inaguration”, in soc.culture.african.american (Usenet):

Schenee started getting into chimpouts with its husboon Freddie, and at
one point ooked to it: 'The only thing you do is wipe my ass and wash
me up'.

2018 April 11, Dindu Nuffin, “Morbidly obese sheboon felt like it was "drowning in her own fat"”, in alt.alien.vampire.flonk.flonk.flonk (Usenet):

Ugly disgusting jungle chimp go back to the mudaland Ápefrica u came from u ooking eeking nigger ape piece of shit

2018 June 3, asgo...@gmail.com, “Re: 10 Reasons Why I Hate NIGGERS”, in alt.politics (Usenet):

Castle Hill, Bronx … 51-year-old C&R nigger Gary Mallette is wanted for
attempted muhdik on an 83-year-old female in her apartment. The nigger
posed as a repair-nig and ooked it was going to fix a leak.

2019 March 30, Robert Wolfe, “Catch and release (80 times) nigger assaults an 83 year old woman”, in alt.checkmate (Usenet):

(slang, ethnic slur, offensive) Of a black person: to speak gibberish or nonsense.


chickadee

Apparent onomatopoeia from these birds' calls having a distinctive “chick-a-dee-dee-dee” sound, possibly influenced by chick or chicken.


snore

English: snore

Scots: snore

From Old English fnora, from Proto-Germanic *fnuzô.


fucking

en-noun

fucking (countable and uncountable, plural fuckings)

the fucking you get isn't worth the fucking you get

the fucking you get isn't worth the fucking you're going to get

the fucking you get isn't worth the fucking you take

I took a real fucking on the interest rate for that loan.

(vulgar, figuratively) An act of mistreatment.


fucking

→ Danish: fucking

→ Dutch: fucking

→ German: fucking

→ Norwegian Bokmål: føkkings

→ Romanian: fucking

→ Swedish: fucking

No fucking way.

This is a fucking nightmare!

Give me the fucking key!

Open the fucking locker!

Yeah, she caught my eye, as I walked on by / She could see from my face that I was fucking high

2005, James Blunt (lyrics and music), “You're Beautiful”, in Back to Bedlam:

“Every time it’s shown, I get e-mail from young guys who want to get it on with me,” she said. “Which is wonderful. I’m seventy-seven fucking years old.”

2006 March 6, Lauren Collins, quoting Harriet Sohmers Zwerling, “Last Bohemians”, in The New Yorker:

(vulgar) An intensifier, often applying more to the whole utterance than to the specific word it grammatically modifies.


fucking

New Fucking York.

She had been, as I say, drinking all afternoon and she suddenly howled, “Ten o’clock! It’s ten o’fucking clock! Why doesn’t he come? Why in God’s name doesn’t he come?” Something along those lines.

1991 September, Stephen Fry, chapter 1, in The Liar, London: Heinemann, →ISBN, →OCLC, section III, page 27:

[…] I think that life's too long to bother with suing Andrew fucking Lloyd Webber.

If you wanted some background information on me, Holden, all you had to do was ask. I would have gladly volunteered it. You didn't have to go playing Hercule fucking Poirot!

1997, Kevin Smith, Chasing Amy (motion picture), spoken by Alyssa Jones (Joey Lauren Adams):

Far out, man. Far fucking out!

1998, Joel and Ethan Coen, The Big Lebowski (motion picture), spoken by The Dude (Jeff Bridges):

(vulgar) Alternative spelling of -fucking-, used when the word infix is put between two words.


ter

"Jesus Christ! Was my folks refined. My mam she wouldn't think-a lettin' us young'uns call a pee pot a pee pot. A chamber's what she called it... And by God! Us young'uns had ter call the pee pot a chamber or git our God damn necks wrang."

1946, Elizabeth Metzger Howard, Before the Sun Goes Down, page 31:

‘Do you mean ter tell me,’ he growled at the Dursleys, ‘that this boy – this boy! – knows nothin’ abou’ – about ANYTHING?’

1997, J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, section IV:


ter

"But he never speaks ter anybody, child—he hain't for years, I guess, except when he just has to, for business, and all that."

1913, Eleanor H. Porter, chapter 8, in Pollyanna, L.C. Page, →OCLC:

‘What about that tea then, eh?’ he said, rubbing his hands together. ‘I’d not say no ter summat stronger if yeh’ve got it, mind.’


ter

Perhaps cognate to Lithuanian and Latvian te (“here!, here you are!”), or to the related Lithuanian prefix te-, which can either express the hortative mood — as in tedirba, "may he work" — or, more pertinently, the meaning "only" — as in teturiu, "I have only". Possibly more distantly related to Russian тепе́рь (tepérʹ, “now”) and to Ancient Greek τῆ (tê, “here!”).
Alternatively, the Prussian morpheme -er- may be functionally equivalent to Latvian -ik-, Lithuanian -ik-, -iek-. For example, er (“until”) parallels Lithuanian iki, ik, and erains (“everyone”) parallels Latvian ikviens. Under this hypothesis, ter would be composed of t- (demonstrative prefix) + -er (suffix denoting extent), and thus be equivalent to Lithuanian tik (“only”) or tiek (“that much”).

cog

ter ains

bhe kai ſteſmu nimaſſi kittawidin pogalbton boūt / ter kai tans praſtan Crixtiſnan is Deiwan naunagimton

1561, Martin Luther, translated by Abel Will & Paul Megott, Stas Likuts Catechismus [The Small Catechism], →OCLC, page 115, line 25:

and that he may not be helped in any other way / [only; other than] that he was born new through baptism out of God

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: 1. only, merely; 2. than, other than.

Jānis Endzelīns
Pennsylvania State University Press
Vytautas Mažiulis


fool

full (accents with FOOT-GOOSE merger or full-fool merger)

From Middle English fole (“fool”), from Old French fol (cf. modern French fou (“mad”)) from Latin follis. Doublet of follis and folly. Displaced native Old English dwæs.

(literature) A stock character typified by unintelligence, naïveté or lucklessness, usually as a form of comic relief; often used as a source of insight or pathos for the audience, as such characters are generally less bound by social expectations.

Upon opening the door, Trech was suddenly drawn aback by the shocking presence of the armed goon standing directly in front of him. “Yo, what up fool? […]”

2010, G.C. Deuce, From the Gutter to the Grave: An American Hood Novel, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 291:

“What up, fool?” he finally responded. “Not too much; fell asleep watching your boys get their asses kicked,” I told him, referring to the Carolina Cougars, the last team he played for before he got sick.

2012, Peron Long, Livin' Ain't Easy, Urban Books, →ISBN:

Fame leaves out the house and walks to the BP gas station on Alabama Avenue. On the way there he sees his man Mark posted up at the rec center and walks over to holla at him. “What’s up fool?” Mark says while dapping Fame up.

2014, Hitta Lo, Bracing Season I, Kaleidoscopic Publishing, →ISBN:

“What up fool?” Lil Slim said noticing the seriousness in Lil Kilo’s voice. “You ain’t switched up on us have you.” Lil Fresh looked at Lil Kilo like where that come from. “Nigga I’ll neva switch up.” Lil Slim said feeling a little offended.

2018, Keith L. Bell, Drought Season Over: The Sequel, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN:

(slang, chiefly African-American Vernacular, Hispanic) An informal greeting akin to buddy, dude, or man.


fool

en-verb

fool (third-person singular simple present fools, present participle fooling, simple past and past participle fooled)

fools (present singular third-person)
fooling (participle present)
fooled (participle past)
fooled (past)

They fool me to the top of my bent.

c. 1599 to 1601, William Shakespeare, Hamlet, III.ii.384

(archaic) To make a fool of; to make act the fool.


fool

From Old French fouler (“to mix or mash”).

Coordinate term: mess

an apricot fool; a gooseberry fool

Eton is renowned for its "messes," and "strawberry mess" is Empress of them all, with raspberry mess as a very good second. It does not at all convey the joys of a "mess" to say that it consists of iced fruit and cream, and somewhat resembles a "fool." It is a thing apart, and should be approached with bated breath and unimpaired capacity.

1913, Pearson's Magazine, volume 36, part 2, page 373:

Pellaprat [...] invented the dish [of Eton mess] when a load of over-ripe strawberries needed eating up. His disguise was a fluff of whipped cream and the fool was served with sponge fingers. Somewhere along the line, someone else had the idea of stirring chunks of meringue into the fool at the last moment.

(cooking) A type of dessert made of puréed fruit and custard or cream.


Sleeping Beauty

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Sleeping Beauty.wav

In the genetics sense, so called because the transposon was brought back to activity from a long evolutionary sleep.

Alternative form of sleeping beauty (Oxalis corniculata).


mongol

Genericized trademark from a well-known brand name of pencils, registered as a trademark on August 23, 1949.


ja

(reduplicated) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


kid

en-noun

kid (countable and uncountable, plural kids)

From Middle English kide, from Old Norse kið (“young goat”), from Proto-Germanic *kidją, *kittīną (“goatling, kid”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʰaydn-, *ǵʰaydn- (“goat”) or Proto-Indo-European *gidʰ- (“kid, goatling, little goat”). Compare Swedish and Danish kid, German Kitz and Kitze, Albanian kedh and kec.
Sense of child since 1590s as cant, since 1840s in informal use.

der

is that what the kids are calling it these days

I have three pairs of kid gloves. I've had kid mittens before from the Christmas tree, but never real kid gloves with five fingers.

1912, Jean Webster, Daddy-Long-Legs: Letter 3:

Only '90s kids will remember this toy.

He's been living in Los Angeles for years now, but he's a Florida kid.

(informal) A person whose childhood took place in a particular time period or area.

No, kid, you didn't do anything wrong; they did!

Here's looking at you, kid.

1942, Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein, Howard Koch, Casablanca, spoken by Rick (Humphrey Bogart):

(in the vocative) Used as a form of address for a child, teenager or young adult.


fairy

Sin embargo, no siempre tenemos una gamuza a mano, así que recurrimos a otras soluciones, como limpiar las gafas con Fairy y agua.

2022 January 23, Janire Manzanas, “¿Se pueden limpiar las gafas con Fairy?”, in OkDiario:

However, we don't always have a chamois on hand, so we turn to other solutions, such as cleaning the glasses with Fairy and water.

El exdelegado del Gobierno en Cataluña Josep Enric Millo se ha referido este martes durante su declaración en el juicio del 'procés' en el Supremo a la "trampa del Fairy" como uno de los tipos de agresión que sufrieron los agentes que participaron en el dispositivo desplegado en la jornada del referéndum del 1 de octubre en Cataluña.

2019 March 5, “Así es la "trampa del Fairy" de Millo que desata las risas en redes”, in El Plural:


bok

boczny (adjective)
bok (nominative singular)
boki (nominative plural)
boku (genitive singular)
boków (genitive plural)
bokowi (dative singular)
bokom (dative plural)
bok (accusative singular)
boki (accusative plural)
bokiem (instrumental singular)
bokami (instrumental plural)
boku (locative singular)
bokach (locative plural)
boku (singular vocative)
boki (plural vocative)

Latus Bok

1528, J. Murmelius, Dictionarius, page 60:

(Middle Polish) side; Further details are uncertain.


Velcro

Blend of French velours (“velvet”) + French crochet (“hook”)

blend

A fastener consisting of two strips of fabric, one covered with minute fiber hooks and the other with tiny fiber loops, which stick strongly together but can be pulled apart.


caterpillar

/ˈkætəˌpɪlə/

/ˈkætɚˌpɪlɚ/

/ˈkætəˌpɪlɚ/

From Middle English catirpel, catirpeller, probably from Old Northern French catepeluse (Modern French chatte + pileuse (“hairy cat”)), from Late Latin catta + pilōsa. The sense "rapacious, extortionate person" arose by association with obsolete piller (“plunderer”).

Bristow Castle, which they say is held
By Busbie, Bagot, and their Complices,
The Caterpillers of the Commonwealth,
Which I haue sworne to weed, and plucke away.

1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii], page 33:

(obsolete) A rapacious, extortionate person preying upon the community.


caterpillar

caterpillar (indefinite nominative singular)
caterpillars (genitive indefinite singular)
caterpillarn (definite nominative singular)
caterpillarns (definite genitive singular)
caterpillrar (indefinite nominative plural)
caterpillrars (genitive indefinite plural)
caterpillrarna (definite nominative plural)
caterpillrarnas (definite genitive plural)


fio

pt-noun

fio m (plural fios, feminine fia, feminine plural fias or fia)

fios (plural)
fia (feminine)
fias (feminine plural)
fia (feminine plural)

É, professora, meu fio não aguentou as gozações da mininada. Eu tentei fazê ele continuá, mas não teve jeito. Ele tava chateado demais.

Welp, teacher, ma son couldn't handle the children's pranks. I tried ta make 'im stay there, but there was no talkin' him out of it. He was just too upset.

Eye dialect spelling of filho, representing Caipira Portuguese.

Ele jurô pur Deus, pela sarvação da árma da mãe dele... [...] qui os fio dele pudia nascer tudo morto, se aquilo num fosse vredade... só aí qui uns gato-pingado resorvêro acriditar.

(Can we date this quote?), Wulcino Teixeira de Carvalho, Bravuras E Bravatas De Um Caipira:

He swore ta God, to the salvation o' the soul of his Ma... ... 'n that may his children all arrive stillborn if it wern't troo... only den did some very few people dicide to believe 'im.

Eye dialect spelling of filhos, representing Caipira Portuguese.


beauty

en-noun

beauty (countable and uncountable, plural beauties)

→ Cebuano: byuti

From Middle English bewty, bewte, beaute, bealte, from Anglo-Norman and Old French beauté (early Old French spelling biauté), from Vulgar Latin *bellitātem (“beauty”), from Latin bellus (“beautiful, fair”); see beau. In this sense, mostly displaced native Old English fæġernes, whence Modern English fairness.

(physics, obsolete) A beauty quark (now called bottom quark).


ken

English: ken

Yola: ken, kin

(Late Middle English, hapax) recognition


croc

From the name of the American shoe company, Crocs, Inc. Apparently, this name came to the founders’ mind when they looked at their clogs from the side, and they resembled them a crocodile snout (additionally, the logo features a crocodile). The company states that it “was given the name Crocs™ after the multi-environment, amphibious nature of Crocodiles.” Likely influenced by the name of the material they were originally made from, Croslite.


frog

From frog legs, stereotypical food of the French. Compare French rosbif (“English person”), from roast beef, corresponding term for the English, likewise based on stereotypical food; and Kraut for Germans.

(Canada, offensive) A French-speaking person from Quebec.


dom

Polish: dom

Silesian: dōm

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *domъ. First attested in the 14th century.

Pomyslony dom architipica

1874-1891 [Fifteenth century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XVI, page 350:


grunt

pl-noun

grunt m inan (diminutive gruncik, related adjective gruntowy)

gruncik (diminutive)
gruntowy (adjective)
grunt (nominative singular)
grunty (nominative plural)
grunta (nominative plural)
gruntu (genitive singular)
gruntów (genitive plural)
gruntowi (dative singular)
gruntom (dative plural)
grunt (accusative singular)
grunty (accusative plural)
grunta (accusative plural)
gruntem (instrumental singular)
gruntami (instrumental plural)
gruncie (locative singular)
gruntach (locative plural)
gruncie (singular vocative)
grunty (plural vocative)
grunta (plural vocative)

→ Kashubian: gruńt, grëńt

Fundamentum, grvnth, początek

1532, Bartłomiej z Bydgoszczy, Słownik łacińsko-polski, page 62:

Solum, Dno/ grunt/ ziemiá.

Terrenum, Dno/ grunt álbo poległość ziemie.

1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon, pages 451c, 140b [2 r.]:

Fundum ‒ Grunt, dno.

1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, pages 441a, 990b:

(Middle Polish) fundament; Further details are uncertain.


stale

English: stale

Yola: sthall

In werd ben men & women[…]þat þer stale mown not holde.

14th c., Stockh. Medical MS. in Anglia XVIII.299

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


stale

From stale (“stalemate”) or stalen (“to stalemate”).


chap

Pennsylvania German: Tschaepp (“guy”)

Clipping of chapman (“dealer, customer”) in 16th-century English.

clipping

Who’s that chap over there?

“Now when I was a little chap I had a passion for maps.”

1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 194:

A chap named Eleazir Kendrick and I had chummed in together the summer afore and built a fish-weir and shanty at Setuckit Point, down Orham way. For a spell we done pretty well.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

‘No. I only opened the door a foot and put my head in. The street lamps shine into that room. I could see him. He was all right. Sleeping like a great grampus. Poor, poor chap.’

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 20, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

(dated outside UK and Australia) A man, a fellow.


chap

en-verb

chap (third-person singular simple present chaps, present participle chapping, simple past and past participle chapped)

chaps (present singular third-person)
chapping (participle present)
chapped (participle past)
chapped (past)

From Middle English chappen (“to split open, burst, chap”), of uncertain origin. Compare Middle English choppen (“to chop”), Dutch kappen (“to cut, chop, hack”). Perhaps related to chip.

inh

And then it seems that through the open door there came the chapping of a clock.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

The door was shut into my class. I had to chap it and then Miss Rankine came and opened it and gived me an angry look […]

2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 35:

(Scotland, Northern England) To strike, knock.


chap

(Internet slang) Clipping of chapter (“division of a text”).


da

Men kom igen da...!


VHS

en-noun

VHS (countable and uncountable, plural VHSes)

Initialism of Vertical Helical Scan, later reinterpreted as Video Home System.

The curt take on VHS is that it is a dead format, a quaint and sham way to watch a movie. Regardless, to date, there are quantities of VHS titles not available on DVD, and that may never be.

2009, Jacques Boyreau, Portable Grindhouse: The Lost Art of the VHS Box, page 5:

There is, it turns out, much demand for these old VHS tapes, price tags notwithstanding, and despite post-2006 advancements in technology.

2021 February 20, Hannah Selinger, “Who Is Still Buying VHS Tapes?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

A type of videotape originally developed by the Japanese company JVC.


shark

English: shark

In mare contigebat le calm, et circiter horam vijᵃᵐ in sero per æstimationem navem sequebatur piscis vocatus le Shark, qui quidem piscis percutiebatur bis cum uno harpingyren et recessit; […]

1442, Thomas Beckington, edited by George Williams, Memorials of the Reign of King Henry VI. Official Correspondence of Thomas Bekynton, Secretary to King Henry VI., and Bishop of Bath and Wells., volume II (in Latin), London: Longman & Co., and Trübner & Co., […], published 1872, page 184:


nerf

en-verb

nerf (third-person singular simple present nerfs, present participle nerfing, simple past and past participle nerfed)

nerfs (present singular third-person)
nerfing (participle present)
nerfed (participle past)
nerfed (past)

From the Nerf brand of toys designed as non-dangerous counterparts of existing things, such as sports balls and guns. Originally used to equate a change in the damage of a weapon in a video game to a change from real weapons to Nerf weapons.

The lightning spell was originally pretty powerful, but in the sequel they nerfed it so it became completely useless.

(transitive, slang, video games) To change a mechanic, an ability or a character in a video game in order to make a previously dominant strategy less viable or less effective.


duck tape

en-noun

duck tape (countable and uncountable, plural duck tapes)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-duck tape.wav

Originally (from late 19th century) from duck (“a tightly woven fabric”) + tape, due to the make-up of the tape. The adhesive tape now commonly known as "Duck tape" (a trademark in the United States) has its origins in a product first created for the US military during World War II,https://www.duckbrand.com/about and the word "duck" was later associated with the waterproof qualities of this tape, as in the idea of "water off a duck's back".http://www.octanecreative.com/ducttape/duckvsduct.html
The terms "duck tape" and "duct tape" overlap in modern usage. According to one theory, the modern product was originally called "duck tape". The term "duct tape" was then later applied because of mishearing and/or because the product was used to join together pieces of duct-work. However, this chronology has been questioned due to lack of documented evidence that "duck tape" predates "duct tape" as a name for the modern product.http://archive.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2010/03/14/tale_of_the_tape/ The Duck Brand website itself refers to "Duck Tape® Brand Duct Tape" https://www.duckbrand.com/products/duck-tape, using "Duck tape" as the brand name, and "duct tape" as a generic description of the type of product.

If you can't fix it with duck tape, it's not worth fixing.

(trademark, also used generically) A type of multi-purpose heavy-duty adhesive tape.


asshole

Esshole, Asshole, the hole under the fire to hold ashes.

1775, Tim Bobbin [John Collier], The Miscellaneous Works of Tim Bobbin, Esq., →OCLC, page 68:

(obsolete, Scotland and Northern England) A receptacle under a fire grate for collecting ashes.


chopstick

Apparently a compound of chop + stick, but the sense of the first element is not clear. The eating utensil sense (attested since 1637) is presumably a transfer of sense from the earlier fishing tackle sense (attested from 1615), based on physical resemblance.
The common derivation from Chinese Pidgin English chop(-chop) (“quick”), a supposed calque from Chinese 筷子 (kuàizi, “chopstick”), derived from 快 (kuài, “quick”), is chronologically impossible as Chinese Pidgin English did not come into existence until the 18th century.

der

When was in Hampshire the other day, a chop-stick, who came to my lodging to talk to me about the mode of harvesting and preserving the corn, and who soon diverged into a talk about the Reform Bill, said, "And this cholera morbus, sir, don't you think it's a sort of a shoshoy to frighten us out of the Reform?"

1832 April 11, The Launceston Advertiser, Tasmania, page 119, column 2:

Every horse you possess having no action, or which a day's journey would knock up, (to be found in lots far more numerous than the Chinamen as yet,) ought to be turned out to fatten; when plump, take the animal into the nearest station, occupied by these chopsticks.

1852 March 13, The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser, NSW, page 4, column 3:

"How cool is that, Chong? Wolverine is in the house." "Wolver this, you chopstick."

2013, Angelina Martinez, Falling In Love, Bloomington: Author House, page 50:


ale

Czech: ale

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


ale

Polish: ale

Silesian: ale

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ale. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + le. First attested in 1398.

surf

Novo ale (nusper tamen) pod latym Boszego Narodzena MCCCCXXII osmego dyna ckxaszycza lutego... w mescze ploczskem rzeczony Jan chodzyl

1915 [1474], Jan Łoś, editor, Przegląd językowych zabytków staropolskich do r. 1543, Sieradz, page 540:


bloody

en-adj

bloody (comparative bloodier, superlative bloodiest)

bloodier (comparative)
bloodiest (superlative)

From Middle English blody, blodi, from Old English blōdiġ, blōdeġ (“bloody”), from Proto-West Germanic *blōdag, from Proto-Germanic *blōþagaz (“bloody”), equivalent to blood + -y. Cognate with Dutch bloedig (“bloody”), German blutig (“bloody”), Danish blodig (“bloody”), Swedish blodig (“bloody”), Icelandic blóðugur (“bloody”). See Wikipedia for thoughts on sense evolution.

All that remained of his right hand after the accident was a bloody stump.

And, as she fled, her mantle she did fall, / Which Lion vile with bloody mouth did stain.

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

O Antony! Begge not your death of vs: / Though now we muſt appeare bloody and cruell, / As by our hands, and this our preſent Acte / You ſee we do: Yet ſee you but our hands, / And this, the bleeding buſineſſe they haue done:

1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 119:

There have been bloody battles between the two tribes.

Some bloody paſſion ſhakes your very Frame:

c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii], page 336:

I had therefore been, until now, out of the way of the bloody scenes that often occurred on the plantation.

1846 [1845], Frederick Douglass, chapter I, in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Boston: Anti-Slavery Office, page 8:

The story of Elizabeth Bathory is one of the bloodiest in history.

2007, Lucinda Mallows, Lucy Mallows, Slovakia: The Bradt Travel Guide, page 169:

Traffic in central London was a bloody mess this morning.

There seems to be something wrong with our bloody ships today.

1916 May 31, David Beatty during the Battle of Jutland

Try to keep those bloody women's bloody heads on their bloody shoulders by somehow helping them make this whole mad impossible scheme actually work.

1994, Robert Jordan, Lord of Chaos, page 519:

You are not to go asking anyone about who killed that bloody dog.

2003, Mark Haddon, The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time, page 64:

“You bloody fool, I could′ve stabbed you in the heart,” David said in mock anger, and then smiled widely.

2007, James MacFarlane, Avenge My Kin, Book 2: A Time of Testing, page 498

With 109km of fixed infrastructure, of which only 50% is utilised, Perry's message is simple: "put more bloody trains on it!"

2024 January 24, Dyan Perry talks to Nick Brodrick, “The industry has given me so much”, in RAIL, number 1001, page 45:

(informal, British, Ireland, Commonwealth, Hawaii, mildly vulgar) Used as an intensifier.


bloody

en-adv

bloody (comparative more bloody, superlative most bloody)

more bloody (comparative)
most bloody (superlative)

Walk! Not bloody likely. [Sensation]. I am going in a taxi. [She goes out].

1912 (date written), [George] Bernard Shaw, “Pygmalion”, in Androcles and the Lion, Overruled, Pygmalion, London: Constable and Company, published 1916, →OCLC, Act III, page 153:

"Dice are no bloody good," David said.

1994, Robert Jordan, Lord of Chaos, page 109:

(informal, Australia, British, India, Ireland, Newfoundland, New Zealand, South Africa, mildly vulgar) Used to express anger, annoyance, or shock, or for emphasis.


bloody

en-verb

bloody (third-person singular simple present bloodies, present participle bloodying, simple past and past participle bloodied)

bloodies (present singular third-person)
bloodying (participle present)
bloodied (participle past)
bloodied (past)

(transitive) To demonstrably harm (the cause of an opponent).


sauerkraut

en-noun

sauerkraut (countable and uncountable, plural sauerkrauts)

/ˈsaʊɚˌkɹʌʊt/

Borrowed into English around 1600 from German Sauerkraut, from sauer (“sour, acidic, spoiled”) + Kraut (“herb; cabbage”). Doublet of choucroute.

(countable, obsolete, ethnic slur, offensive, slang) A German person.


Your Highness

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Your Highness.wav

(informal, sarcastic) A sarcastic term of address to anyone who is (or is acting) pompous or bossy.


panna

pl-noun

panna f (diminutive panienka, augmentative pannica or pannisko)

panienka (diminutive)
pannica (augmentative)
pannisko (augmentative)
panna (nominative singular)
panny (nominative plural)
panny (genitive singular)
panien (genitive plural)
pannie (dative singular)
pannom (dative plural)
pannę (accusative singular)
panny (accusative plural)
panną (instrumental singular)
pannami (instrumental plural)
pannie (locative singular)
pannach (locative plural)
panno (singular vocative)
panny (plural vocative)


Jesus Christ

Jesus + Christ; from Middle English Jesu Crist, Jesus Crist, from Latin Iēsus Chrīstus.

Almighty God, give us the grace that we may cast away the works of darkness, and put upon us the armour of light, now in the time of this mortal life (in which thy son Jesus Christ came to visit us in great humility;)

1681, Church of England, The book of common prayer:

(Christianity, Islam, Baháʼí) Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter, see Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”)) from Galilee, held to be a prophet, teacher and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity. Also held to be a prophet in Islam and the Baháʼí Faith.

ܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ

Yešūʿ M'šīḥāʿ

ܝܼܫܘܿܥ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܐ

Īšōʿ M'šīḥāʿ

ܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ

Yešūʿ M'šīḥōʿ

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints


helluva

Written form of a reduction (relaxed pronunciation) of hell of a.

We had a helluva good time at the party.

(colloquial); (expletive) (A) hell of a; extremely or very.


dan

English: dan, Dan (obsolete)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman daun, daunz and Old French dan, dam, from Latin dominus.

A respectful term of address for a (male) scholar, noble, or cleric.

(literary, rare) A respectful term of address for a classical deity.


Your Majesty

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Your Majesty.wav

I have heard that Your Majesty wishes to have the great burial on the twenty-seventh day of the twelfth month and that the court has sent its commissioner to supervise the tomb work. I do not know if a site has yet been chosen. Some say that there are plans to search widely outside of Yung-an county [where the previous Sung imperial tombs were located] for an auspicious site. In my ignorance, I consider this to be a mistake.

1991 [1063 CE], Patricia Buckley Ebrey, quoting Ssu-ma Kuang, “Comabting Heterodoxy and Vulgarity in Weddings and Funerals”, in Confucianism and Family Rituals in Imperial China: A Social History of Writing about Rites, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 72:

(formal) A term of address used in direct address to a monarch of higher rank than a prince, such as a king, queen, emperor, or empress.


い

(Old Okinawan, Middle Okinawan) attaches to verbs and adjectives. Further details are uncertain. The derived terms do not appear to have any difference in meaning than their original terms.


arsehole

en-noun

arsehole (countable and uncountable, plural arseholes)

From Middle English arce-hoole, equivalent to arse + hole. Compare Old English ears-þyrel (“anus”, literally “arse-hole”).

cog

(UK, Ireland, vulgar, uncountable) A variant of the card game big two.


polaco

es-noun

polaco m (plural polacos, feminine polaca, feminine plural polacas)

polacos (plural)
polaca (feminine)
polacas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Polish Polak.
For the etymology of the Catalan sense, see the Wikipedia article Polaco (slur).

Polaco, si puedes leer esto, estás demasiado cerca

2019, Pau Pèrrim, chapter 3, in Terra Cremada (overall work in Catalan), →ISBN:

Polaco, if you can read this, you're too close

(Spain, offensive) Catalan (person from Catalonia)


piss

en-noun

piss (countable and uncountable, plural pisses)

From Middle English pisse (noun) and pissen (verb), from Old French pissier, possibly from Vulgar Latin *pīssiāre, probably of echoic origin. Compare Old Norse pissa (“to urinate, piss”).

onomatopoeic

echoic

I'm desperate for a piss!

But the urinal was safe, no unshielded pissing trough, but a nice, modest urinal, with a wall on each side of you so you could have your privacy. … That was one of the best pisses of my life.

1999, Tin House #2 (→ISBN, Win McCormack, Rob Spillman, Elissa Schappell), page 170

Let's dash over to Fisher's for a fifth of that one-fifty-one West Indian. We can't drink this piss, it's degrading.

1974, Donald Newlove, The Drunks, →ISBN, page 33:

‘Want some advice?’ I said. ‘Stay off the piss. You won't want to be handling this kind of thing with a hangover.’

1985, Helen Garner, Yellow Notebook: Diaries 1978-1987, Text Publishing, published 2022, page 140:

(countable and uncountable) Alcoholic beverage, especially of inferior quality.


piss

en-verb

piss (third-person singular simple present pisses, present participle pissing, simple past and past participle pissed)

pisses (present singular third-person)
pissing (participle present)
pissed (participle past)
pissed (past)

onomatopoeic

echoic

"I'll piss this," I thought. "There's only Gary to beat and I beat him easily in both heats."

2018, Carl Fogarty, The World According to Foggy, Hachette UK, →ISBN:

(chiefly UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, transitive) To achieve easily.


piss

echoic

At times he gets irritable, especially if he believes that something has been misplaced or lost: "Piss oh piss! -- where in the hell does everything go around here!"

1967, Walter Otto Weyrauch, The Law of a Small Group: A Report on the Berkeley Penthouse Experiments with Emphasis on Penthouse V. Parts I and II:

There was nothing left of the sundae except a puddle of white foam muddied by chocolate syrup, with a cherry floating on top. "Oh, piss," she muttered, "the ice cream's melted."

1992, Sandra Brown, Three Complete Novels, Wings, →ISBN:

Fowler was unresponsive when emergency services arrived and was declared dead at the scene. Fowler worked for the mayor's office for the past three years and twice ran unsuccessfully for city council. Police are asking anyone who saw a green Toyota or Honda SUV near the scene of the accident to contact them.' 'Piss!' Melchiori said again. 'He was a friend of mine.'

2014, Michael Wiley, Blue Avenue: First in a noir mystery series set in Jacksonville, Florida, Severn House Publishers Ltd, →ISBN:

Well, piss! I can't leave here now. Billy, call into the room and ask one of the girls to ask the Doc if he can guess how much longer it will be.

2022, Terry McGuin, The Dracula Shark, page 179:

(mildly vulgar) Expresses anger, disappointment or dissatisfaction.

pis!

expression of anger, disappointment or dissatisfaction

couldn't organise a piss-up in a brewery

I wouldn't piss on someone if they were on fire

not have a pot to piss in or a window to throw it out of

piss on someone's leg and tell them it's raining


kebab

From Arabic كَبَاب (kabāb), partly through Urdu, Persian and Turkish kebap. Doublet of cevapi. See the Arabic entry for more.

(slang, offensive, ethnic slur) A Muslim, usually of southern European, Middle Eastern, or North African descent.


kebab

kebab (nominative singular)
kebaby (nominative plural)
kebaba (genitive singular)
kebabów (genitive plural)
kebabowi (dative singular)
kebabom (dative plural)
kebaba (accusative singular)
kebabów (accusative plural)
kebabem (instrumental singular)
kebabami (instrumental plural)
kebabie (locative singular)
kebabach (locative plural)
kebabie (singular vocative)
kebaby (plural vocative)

(derogatory, ethnic slur) Muslim person, especially of Turkish descent


bastard

en-noun

bastard (countable and uncountable, plural bastards)

From Middle English bastard, bastarde, from Anglo-Norman bastard, Old French bastart (“illegitimate child”), perhaps via Medieval Latin bastardus, of obscure origin.
Possibly from Frankish *bāst (“marriage, relationship”) + Old French -ard, -art (pejorative suffix denoting a specific quality or condition). Frankish *bāst derives from a North Sea Germanic variety of Proto-Germanic *banstuz (“bond, connection, relationship, marriage with a second woman of lower status”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to tie, bind”) and is related to West Frisian boaste (“marriage, matrimony”), Middle Dutch bast (“lust, heat”), and more distantly to English boose (“cow-stall”). The term probably originally referred to a child from a polygynous marriage of heathen Germanic custom — a practice not sanctioned by the Christian churches.
Alternatively, Old French bastart may have originated from the Old French term fils de bast (“packsaddle son”), meaning a child conceived on an improvised bed (medieval saddles often doubled as beds while travelling). However chronology makes this difficult, as bastard is attested in Old French from 1089 (Middle Latin bastardus as early as 1010), yet Old French bast (modern French bât), though attested since 1130 with the meaning of "beast of burden", doesn't acquire the specific meaning of "packsaddle" until the 13c., making it too late to have given rise to the terms bastard and bastardus with this sense. The French Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales supports the Germanic theory further above as being most likely.

unk

obscure

cog

Jarrod: Who are you?
Heath: Your father’s bastard son.

(dated) A person who was born out of wedlock, and hence often considered an illegitimate descendant.


pop tart

A genericization of the brand name Pop-Tarts.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pop tart.wav

2000 January 29, Peter Sagal (host), Wait, Wait...Don't Tell Me!, National Public Radio
Carl Kasell will come to their house and cook his signature dish, breakfast à la Edwards, which is two pop tarts and a Benson and Hedges.


anxius

la-adj

ānxius (feminine ānxia, neuter ānxium); first/second-declension adjective

ānxius (canonical)
ānxia (feminine)
ānxium (neuter)
ānxius (masculine nominative singular)
ānxia (feminine nominative singular)
ānxium (neuter nominative singular)
ānxiī (masculine nominative plural)
ānxiae (feminine nominative plural)
ānxia (neuter nominative plural)
ānxiī (genitive masculine singular)
ānxiae (feminine genitive singular)
ānxiī (genitive neuter singular)
ānxiōrum (genitive masculine plural)
ānxiārum (feminine genitive plural)
ānxiōrum (genitive neuter plural)
ānxiō (dative masculine singular)
ānxiae (dative feminine singular)
ānxiō (dative neuter singular)
ānxiīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ānxium (accusative masculine singular)
ānxiam (accusative feminine singular)
ānxium (accusative neuter singular)
ānxiōs (accusative masculine plural)
ānxiās (accusative feminine plural)
ānxia (accusative neuter plural)
ānxiō (ablative masculine singular)
ānxiā (ablative feminine singular)
ānxiō (ablative neuter singular)
ānxiīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
ānxie (masculine singular vocative)
ānxia (feminine singular vocative)
ānxium (neuter singular vocative)
ānxiī (masculine plural vocative)
ānxiae (feminine plural vocative)
ānxia (neuter plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄξοος (áxoos, “unwrought, unshorn”) from ξέω (xéō, “to shear”), confused with ἄξιος (áxios, “valuable, worthy”) and through a nasal excrescence with the Latin ānxius.

bor

[ˈäːŋks̠iʊs̠]

anxia non mansit, sed corpore pulchra benigno

c. 300, Epitaphium Alliae Potestatis, versus 22–23 – Philologus 73, p. 275

She did not stay unshorn, but beautiful from a benign body
she bore her light liths, hair to be sought on any spot.

levia membra tulit: pilus illi quaesitus ubique.


di

Pronunciation spelling and/or eye dialect of various pronouns and determiners. See the etymology of the respective main entries.


treasure

en-noun

treasure (countable and uncountable, plural treasures)

From Middle English tresour, from Old French tresor (“treasury”), from Latin thēsaurus (“treasure”), from Ancient Greek θησαυρός (thēsaurós, “treasure house”). Displaced native Old English goldhord and Old English ġestrēon. Doublet of thesaurus.

der

one man's trash is another man's treasure

one woman's trash is another woman's treasure

the real treasure is the friends we made along the way

"Now," resumed Silver, "here it is. You give us the chart to get the treasure by, and drop shooting poor seamen and stoving of their heads in while asleep. You do that, and we'll offer you a choice. Either you come aboard along of us, once the treasure shipped, and then I'll give you my affy-davy, upon my word of honour, to clap you somewhere safe ashore.

1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, chapter 20, in Treasure Island:

(uncountable) A collection of valuable things; accumulated wealth; a stock of money, jewels, etc.


AstroTurf

From astro- + turf, from its namesake trademark, in turn a reference to the Astrodome stadium in Houston, the first major sports venue to install artificial turf in 1966. The venue was named by its developer Roy Hofheinz, presumably a reference to the emerging identity of Houston as Space City.
Originally marketed as ChemGrass.

And then there's AstroTurf. Invented in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, and patented by Monsanto in 1965, AstroTurf is the world's first synthetic turf used as a sports playing surface, coming to fame—and its name—when it was put into the Houston Astrodome in 1966.

2011, Rick Horrow, Karla Swatek, Beyond the Scoreboard: An Insider's Guide to the Business of Sport, Human Kinetics, →ISBN:

A synthetic material used in sports grounds as a durable substitute for natural grass.


coach

→ Czech: kouč

→ Danish: coach

→ Dutch: coach

→ French: coach

→ German: Coach

→ Italian: coach

→ Japanese: コーチ (kōchi)

→ Korean: 코치 (kochi)

→ Malay: koc

→ Polish: coach

→ Spanish: coach

→ Swahili: kocha

→ Swedish: coach

Borrowed from Middle French coche, from German Kutsche, from Hungarian kocsi. According to historians, the coach was named after the small Hungarian town of Kocs, which made a livelihood from cart building and transport between Vienna and Budapest.
The meaning "instructor/trainer" is from Oxford University slang (c. 1830) for a "tutor" who "carries" one through an exam; the athletic sense is from 1861.

(rail transport, UK, Australia) A passenger car, either drawn by a locomotive or part of a multiple unit.

կառք

wheeled vehicle drawn by horse power — see also carriage

The commanders all came on board and the council sat in the coach.

1660 May 13 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Samuel Pepys, Mynors Bright, transcriber, “May 3rd, 1660”, in Henry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor, The Diary of Samuel Pepys […], volume I, London: George Bell & Sons […]; Cambridge: Deighton Bell & Co., published 1893, →OCLC:

(nautical) The forward part of the cabin space under the poop deck of a sailing ship; the fore-cabin under the quarter deck.

We couldn't afford the good tickets, so we spent the flight crammed in coach.

(chiefly US) The part of a commercial passenger airplane or train reserved for those paying the lower standard fares; the economy section.

(chiefly US) The lower-fare service whose passengers sit in this part of the airplane or train; economy class.


coach

John flew coach to Vienna, but first-class back home.

(chiefly US) Via the part of a commercial passenger airplane or train reserved for those paying the lower standard fares; via the economy section.


Wi-Fi

en-noun

Wi-Fi (countable and uncountable, plural Wi-Fis)

Coined in analogy to Hi-Fi as a trade name developed for the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (later Wi-Fi Alliance).
Often analyzed as a shortened form of wireless fidelity (similar to how hi-fi is short for high fidelity); this is possibly due to the former slogan of the aforementioned Wi-Fi Alliance, The Standard for Wireless Fidelity.

وَاي فَاي

computing: wireless data communication standard

(networking, uncountable) Any of several standards for short-range wireless data transmission (IEEE 802.11).

The refrigerator cost 1000 more dollars just because it had Wi-Fi, and I'm thinking "this is ridiculous"!

(informal, uncountable) The capability to connect to a Wi-Fi network.