Thai

en-noun

Thai (countable and uncountable, plural Thai or Thais)

Borrowed from Thai ไทย (tai). Doublet of Tai and Dai.

The Bangkok government indicated real concern over the developments in Communist China’s Yunnan province. Thai officials were afraid that Sibsongpanna would be a center where pro-Communist Thai in Southeast Asia would go and where subversive agitation could be directed against outside legitimate governments.

1958, Russell H. Fifield, The Diplomacy of Southeast Asia: 1945-1958, New York: Harper & Brothers, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 263:

(countable) A person living in or coming from Thailand.


kanji

kanji (Chinese characters in Japanese context)


romaji

romaji (countable and uncountable, plural romajis)

romajis (plural)
Romaji (alternative)
Rōmaji (alternative)
Roma-ji (alternative)
Rōma-ji (alternative)
roma-ji (alternative)
rōmaji (alternative)
romanji (alternative nonstandard)

/ˈɹəʊməd͡ʒi/

/ɹəʊˈmɑːd͡ʒi/

Transliteration from Japanese ローマ字(じ) (rōmaji, literally “Roman letters”).

ja-r

The romaji of the word ローマ字 is “rōmaji”.

The katakana and the hiragana are syllabic forms of writing derived from Chinese characters, while the romaji are the letters used in writing most European languages.

For example, in Japanese advertisements sexy and my house often appear in romaji, making the underlying concepts of eroticism and private ownership more exotic.

2006, Ralph Fasold, Jeffrey Connor-Linton, An Introduction to Language and Linguistics, page 410:

Today people ordinarily use kana-kanji conversion systems for inputting Japanese text. Because many of them can touch-type the romajis for the kanas, the O-code with kana-kanji conversion is more accessible.

2011, T Okadome, J Nakajima, S Ito, K Kakusho, “An Accessible Coded Input Method for Japanese Extensive Writing”, in Proceedings of the Workshop on Advances in Text Input Methods:

A representation of Japanese in Latin script.


romaji

Unadapted borrowing from English romaji.

romaji (representation of Japanese in Latin script)


pinyin

pinyin (nominative singular)
pinyinu (genitive singular)
pinyinowi (dative singular)
pinyin (accusative singular)
pinyinem (instrumental singular)
pinyinie (locative singular)
pinyinie (singular vocative)

Unadapted borrowing from English Pinyin.

Pinyin, Hanyu Pinyin (system of romanization for Standard Mandarin, used in the People's Republic of China, and more recently in other Mandarin Chinese-speaking areas as well)


hanja

Borrowed from Korean 한자(漢字) (hanja), from Middle Chinese 漢字 (MC xanH dziH, “Chinese character”, literally “Han Chinese + character”).
Compare Cantonese 漢字 /汉字 (hon³ zi⁶), Japanese 漢字 (kanji), Mandarin 漢字 /汉字 (hànzì), Vietnamese Hán tự. Doublet of kanji and Hanzi.

ltc-l

The Han character script used to write Korean, particularly in classical literature.

漢字 /汉字

Any individual Han character as used in the Korean language.


Kannada

From Kannada ಕನ್ನಡ (kannaḍa). Doublet of Canara.

The alphasyllabary used to write the aforementioned language, along with Konkani and Tulu.


Wade-Giles

Wade-Giles (transcription system for Mandarin)


Lao

en-noun

Lao (countable and uncountable, plural Lao or Laos)

Lao Wikiquote (canonical)
Laos (Lao plural)

(uncountable) The official language of Laos that is closely related to Thai.


Telugu

Telegu (alternative)
Telugoo (alternative)
Teloogoo (alternative)

The train rumbled between narrow buildings with flat roofs and multicoloured walls, Telugu script crawling like creepers over them.

2019, Namwali Serpell, The Old Drift, Hogarth, page 497:


Burmese

Of or relating to Burma (Myanmar) or its people or language.


kwukyel

Borrowed from kwūkyel, the Yale romanization of Korean 구결(口訣) (gugyeol), from Middle Chinese 口訣 (MC khuwX kwet, “mnemonic rhyme”), from 口 (kǒu, “mouth”) + 訣 /诀 (jué, “rhymed saying”).

compound

gugyeol (alternative)
kugyŏl (alternative)

Abbreviated Chinese characters used to represent Korean grammatical items, inserted into a Chinese-character (Classical Chinese or itwu) text.


Bengali

Equivalent to Bengal + -i. Compare Assamese বঙালী (boṅali), Bengali বাঙ্গালী (baṅgali), Hindi बंगाली (baṅgālī), Classical Persian بنگالی (bangālī).

Bangalee (alternative archaic)
Bengalee (alternative archaic)
Bangali (alternative uncommon)

A language spoken in Bangladesh and the states of Assam, Tripura and West Bengal, India.

बंगाली भाषा

baṅgālī bhāṣā

बाङ्गला भाषा

bāṅgalā bhāṣā


Gujarati

/ˌɡʊd͡ʒəˈrɑːti/

/ˌɡuːd͡ʒəˈrɑːti/

Borrowed from Gujarati ગુજરાતી (gujrātī).

Gujerati (alternative dated)
Gujrati (alternative dated)
Goojratee (alternative dated)
Gujratee (alternative dated)
Guzarati (alternative dated)
Guzerati (alternative dated)

The Indic language spoken in the state of Gujarat, India


Malayalam

Borrowed from Malayalam മലയാളം (malayāḷaṁ), from മല (mala, “hill, mountain”) + അളം (aḷaṁ, “place”).

bor+

Padmanabhan uttered a command in Malayalam, the regional language.

2012 April 30, Jake Halpern, “The Secret of the Temple”, in The New Yorker, archived from the original on 2014-07-25:

A Dravidian language spoken in the states of Kerala and Lakshadweep, India.

Wiktionary’s coverage of Malayalam terms


Sinhalese

en-noun

Sinhalese (countable and uncountable, plural Sinhalese)

Sinhalese (plural)
Singalese (alternative)
Singhalese (alternative)
Cinghalese (alternative)
Cingalese (alternative)

(uncountable) The Indo-Aryan language of the Sinhalese people.


Tamil

Borrowed from Tamil தமிழ் (tamiḻ, “Tamil”); see that entry for theories.

“I go only to return,” I said, because Tamil has no words for last goodbyes.

2023, V. V. Ganeshananthan, Brotherless Night, Viking, page 303:

A Dravidian language spoken in the state of Tamil Nadu, India and in Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia.


Khmer

From Khmer ខ្មែរ (khmae).
Attributed to the Pali term khemara (“one who is wholesome”). The elision form, ក្មេរ (kmera), is found in ancient stone inscriptions, or a borrowing from Northern Khmer เขมร (/khmɛːr/).

Despite my mother speaking Khmer to us at home, I hadn’t retained it through my formative years.

2024, Kaliane Bradley, The Ministry of Time, Sceptre, page 6:

The national language of Cambodia, part of the Mon-Khmer language family.

An abugida used to write the Khmer language and sometimes Pali.


Khmer

A member of an ethnolinguistic group that constitutes most of the population of Cambodia.


Khmer

en-adj

Khmer (comparative more Khmer, superlative most Khmer)

more Khmer (comparative)
most Khmer (superlative)

Of or pertaining to the Khmer people or their language.

خِمِيرِيّ

of or pertaining to the Khmer people or their language


Cherokee

/ˌt͡ʃɛ.ɹəˈkiː/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Cherokee.wav

Most likely from the Cherokee autonym ᏣᎳᎩ (tsalagi). Derivation from a Choctaw exonym meaning "those who live in caves" (compare chiluk (“cave”)) has also been suggested — the Iroquois term for the Cherokee was Oyata'ge'ronon (“inhabitants of the cave country”) — as has derivation from a Creek term for "person(s) who speak(s) a non-Creek language" (see celokketv (“to speak a non-creek language”)).
Whatever its origin, the ethnonym entered European languages at an early date, perhaps as early as the 1670s; in Spanish, the people are called the Tchalaquei as early as 1755.

census-designated place
census-designated place

A census-designated place in Swain County and Jackson County, North Carolina, capital of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians

A city, the county seat of Alfalfa County, Oklahoma.

unincorporated community
unincorporated community

An unincorporated community in Grainger County, Tennessee.

An unincorporated community in San Saba County, Texas.

An unincorporated community in Hull, Marathon County, Wisconsin.


漢字

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (漢字):
* → Japanese: 漢字(かんじ) (kanji)
* → Okinawan: 漢字(かんじ) (kanji)
* → Korean: 한자(漢字) (hanja)
* → Vietnamese: Hán tự (漢字)

→ English: Hanzi, hanzi

→ French: hanzi

→ German: Hanzi

→ Indonesian: honji, hanzi

→ Malay: hanzi

→ Mongolian:

Cyrillic script: ханз (xanz)

Mongolian script: ᠬᠠᠨᠵᠢ (qanǰi)

→ Russian: ханьцзы́ (xanʹczý)

→ Spanish: hanzi

→ Swedish: hanzi

desc

→ Thai: ฮั่นจื้อ (hân-jʉ̂ʉ)

→ Thai: ฮั่นจื้อ (hân-jʉ̂ʉ)

→ Turkish: hanzi

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/xæ̃⁴⁴ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/hɔːn³³ t͡siː²²/

/hᵘɔn³³ tu³²/

/hɵn²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰz̩²⁴/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ^((t͡s-))ʒɛi²⁴²/

/han²¹⁻³³ d͡zi²¹/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ zi³³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zi²²/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ li³³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁴¹/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zi¹¹/

/hø³³ zz̩⁴⁴/

/xän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/xæ̃⁴⁴ t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/hɔːn³³ t͡siː²²/

/hᵘɔn³³ tu³²/

/hɵn²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰz̩²⁴/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ^((t͡s-))ʒɛi²⁴²/

/han²¹⁻³³ d͡zi²¹/

/han²¹⁻⁴¹ zi³³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zi²²/

/han¹¹⁻⁵³ li³³/

/han²¹⁻⁵³ li²²/

/han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li⁴¹/

/haŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zi¹¹/

/hø³³ zz̩⁴⁴/

Xiǎnzōng said: “Every day first teach hanzi, until 3–5pm when hanzi class ends. Teach the Jurchen people small characters, and they will learn the language of this dynasty.”

1343-1345, 《金史·卷九十八·完顏匡》 (History of Jin)

Xiǎnzōng yuē: “Měirì xiān jiào hànzì, zhì shēn shí hànzì kè bì, jiào nǚzhí xiǎo zì, xí guócháo yǔ.”

顯宗曰：「每日先教漢字，至申時漢字課畢，教女直小字，習國朝語。」

显宗曰：「每日先教汉字，至申时汉字课毕，教女直小字，习国朝语。」

Yes, Chinese characters are a treasure passed down from antiquity, but our ancestors are even more ancient, so we are more so a treasure passed down from antiquity. Will we sacrifice Chinese characters for our sake, or will we sacrifice ourselves for the sake of Chinese characters?

1934, 魯迅 (Lu Xun) 《漢字和拉丁化》 (Han character and its Latinization)

Bùcuò, hànzì shì gǔdài chuán xiàlái de bǎobèi, dàn wǒmen de zǔxiān, bǐ hànzì hái yào gǔ, suǒyǐ wǒmen gèng shì gǔdài chuán xiàlái de bǎobèi. Wèi hànzì ér xīshēng wǒmen, háishì wèi wǒmen ér xīshēng hànzì ne?

不錯，漢字是古代傳下來的寶貝，但我們的祖先，比漢字還要古，所以我們更是古代傳下來的寶貝。爲漢字而犧牲我們，還是爲我們而犧牲漢字呢？

不错，汉字是古代传下来的宝贝，但我们的祖先，比汉字还要古，所以我们更是古代传下来的宝贝。为汉字而牺牲我们，还是为我们而牺牲汉字呢？


漢字

→ English: Kanji, kanji

→ French: kanji

→ German: Kanji

→ Indonesian: kanji

→ Portuguese: kanji

→ Russian: кандзи́ (kandzí)

→ Spanish: kanji

→ Thai: คันจิ (kan-jì)

From Middle Chinese compound 漢字 (MC xanH dziH, literally “Han Chinese + character”). Compare modern Mandarin 漢字／汉字 (hànzì), Hokkien 漢字 /汉字 (hàn-jī / hàn-lī).

zh-l

漢字／汉字 (hànzì)


漢字

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as かんじ. Borrowed from Japanese 漢字 (kanji).

ryu-OG

(hapax legomenon, ghost word, obsolete) kanji; Chinese character


katakana

en-noun

katakana (countable and uncountable, plural katakana or katakanas)

katakana (plural)
katakanas (plural)
katagana (alternative archaic)

/ˌkætəˈkænə/

/ˌkætəˈkɑːnə/

/ˌkɑtəˈkɑːnə/

(uncountable) A Japanese syllabary used when writing words borrowed from foreign languages other than Chinese, specific names of plants and animals and other jargon, onomatopoeia, or to emphasize a word or phrase. Also used to write the Ainu language.


katakana

katakana (nominative singular)
katakany (nominative plural)
katakany (genitive singular)
katakan (genitive plural)
katakaně (dative singular)
katakanám (dative plural)
katakanu (accusative singular)
katakany (accusative plural)
katakano (singular vocative)
katakany (plural vocative)
katakaně (locative singular)
katakanách (locative plural)
katakanou (instrumental singular)
katakanami (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from Japanese 片(かた)仮(か)名(な) (katakana).


katakana

katakana (nominative singular)
katakanat (nominative plural)
katakana (accusative nominative singular)
katakanat (accusative nominative plural)
katakanan (accusative genitive singular)
katakanat (accusative genitive plural)
katakanan (genitive singular)
katakanojen (genitive plural)
katakanain (genitive plural rare)
katakanaa (partitive singular)
katakanoja (partitive plural)
katakanassa (inessive singular)
katakanoissa (inessive plural)
katakanasta (elative singular)
katakanoista (elative plural)
katakanaan (illative singular)
katakanoihin (illative plural)
katakanalla (adessive singular)
katakanoilla (adessive plural)
katakanalta (ablative singular)
katakanoilta (ablative plural)
katakanalle (allative singular)
katakanoille (allative plural)
katakanana (essive singular)
katakanoina (essive plural)
katakanaksi (singular translative)
katakanoiksi (plural translative)
katakanatta (abessive singular)
katakanoitta (abessive plural)
katakanoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
katakanani (nominative singular)
katakanani (nominative plural)
katakanani (accusative nominative singular)
katakanani (accusative nominative plural)
katakanani (accusative genitive singular)
katakanani (accusative genitive plural)
katakanani (genitive singular)
katakanojeni (genitive plural)
katakanaini (genitive plural rare)
katakanaani (partitive singular)
katakanojani (partitive plural)
katakanassani (inessive singular)
katakanoissani (inessive plural)
katakanastani (elative singular)
katakanoistani (elative plural)
katakanaani (illative singular)
katakanoihini (illative plural)
katakanallani (adessive singular)
katakanoillani (adessive plural)
katakanaltani (ablative singular)
katakanoiltani (ablative plural)
katakanalleni (allative singular)
katakanoilleni (allative plural)
katakananani (essive singular)
katakanoinani (essive plural)
katakanakseni (singular translative)
katakanoikseni (plural translative)
katakanattani (abessive singular)
katakanoittani (abessive plural)
katakanoineni (comitative plural)
katakanasi (nominative singular)
katakanasi (nominative plural)
katakanasi (accusative nominative singular)
katakanasi (accusative nominative plural)
katakanasi (accusative genitive singular)
katakanasi (accusative genitive plural)
katakanasi (genitive singular)
katakanojesi (genitive plural)
katakanaisi (genitive plural rare)
katakanaasi (partitive singular)
katakanojasi (partitive plural)
katakanassasi (inessive singular)
katakanoissasi (inessive plural)
katakanastasi (elative singular)
katakanoistasi (elative plural)
katakanaasi (illative singular)
katakanoihisi (illative plural)
katakanallasi (adessive singular)
katakanoillasi (adessive plural)
katakanaltasi (ablative singular)
katakanoiltasi (ablative plural)
katakanallesi (allative singular)
katakanoillesi (allative plural)
katakananasi (essive singular)
katakanoinasi (essive plural)
katakanaksesi (singular translative)
katakanoiksesi (plural translative)
katakanattasi (abessive singular)
katakanoittasi (abessive plural)
katakanoinesi (comitative plural)
katakanamme (nominative singular)
katakanamme (nominative plural)
katakanamme (accusative nominative singular)
katakanamme (accusative nominative plural)
katakanamme (accusative genitive singular)
katakanamme (accusative genitive plural)
katakanamme (genitive singular)
katakanojemme (genitive plural)
katakanaimme (genitive plural rare)
katakanaamme (partitive singular)
katakanojamme (partitive plural)
katakanassamme (inessive singular)
katakanoissamme (inessive plural)
katakanastamme (elative singular)
katakanoistamme (elative plural)
katakanaamme (illative singular)
katakanoihimme (illative plural)
katakanallamme (adessive singular)
katakanoillamme (adessive plural)
katakanaltamme (ablative singular)
katakanoiltamme (ablative plural)
katakanallemme (allative singular)
katakanoillemme (allative plural)
katakananamme (essive singular)
katakanoinamme (essive plural)
katakanaksemme (singular translative)
katakanoiksemme (plural translative)
katakanattamme (abessive singular)
katakanoittamme (abessive plural)
katakanoinemme (comitative plural)
katakananne (nominative singular)
katakananne (nominative plural)
katakananne (accusative nominative singular)
katakananne (accusative nominative plural)
katakananne (accusative genitive singular)
katakananne (accusative genitive plural)
katakananne (genitive singular)
katakanojenne (genitive plural)
katakanainne (genitive plural rare)
katakanaanne (partitive singular)
katakanojanne (partitive plural)
katakanassanne (inessive singular)
katakanoissanne (inessive plural)
katakanastanne (elative singular)
katakanoistanne (elative plural)
katakanaanne (illative singular)
katakanoihinne (illative plural)
katakanallanne (adessive singular)
katakanoillanne (adessive plural)
katakanaltanne (ablative singular)
katakanoiltanne (ablative plural)
katakanallenne (allative singular)
katakanoillenne (allative plural)
katakanananne (essive singular)
katakanoinanne (essive plural)
katakanaksenne (singular translative)
katakanoiksenne (plural translative)
katakanattanne (abessive singular)
katakanoittanne (abessive plural)
katakanoinenne (comitative plural)
katakanansa (nominative singular)
katakanansa (nominative plural)
katakanansa (accusative nominative singular)
katakanansa (accusative nominative plural)
katakanansa (accusative genitive singular)
katakanansa (accusative genitive plural)
katakanansa (genitive singular)
katakanojensa (genitive plural)
katakanainsa (genitive plural rare)
katakanaansa (partitive singular)
katakanojaan (partitive plural)
katakanojansa (partitive plural)
katakanassaan (inessive singular)
katakanassansa (inessive singular)
katakanoissaan (inessive plural)
katakanoissansa (inessive plural)
katakanastaan (elative singular)
katakanastansa (elative singular)
katakanoistaan (elative plural)
katakanoistansa (elative plural)
katakanaansa (illative singular)
katakanoihinsa (illative plural)
katakanallaan (adessive singular)
katakanallansa (adessive singular)
katakanoillaan (adessive plural)
katakanoillansa (adessive plural)
katakanaltaan (ablative singular)
katakanaltansa (ablative singular)
katakanoiltaan (ablative plural)
katakanoiltansa (ablative plural)
katakanalleen (allative singular)
katakanallensa (allative singular)
katakanoilleen (allative plural)
katakanoillensa (allative plural)
katakananaan (essive singular)
katakananansa (essive singular)
katakanoinaan (essive plural)
katakanoinansa (essive plural)
katakanakseen (singular translative)
katakanaksensa (singular translative)
katakanoikseen (plural translative)
katakanoiksensa (plural translative)
katakanattaan (abessive singular)
katakanattansa (abessive singular)
katakanoittaan (abessive plural)
katakanoittansa (abessive plural)
katakanoineen (comitative plural)
katakanoinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈkɑ̝t̪ɑ̝ˌkɑ̝nɑ̝]


katakana

fr-noun

katakana m (plural katakana or katakanas)


katakana

katakana (nominative singular)
katakany (genitive singular)
katakanie (dative singular)
katakanę (accusative singular)
katakaną (instrumental singular)
katakanie (locative singular)
katakano (singular vocative)

katakana (Japanese syllabary used when writing words borrowed from foreign languages other than Chinese, specific names of plants and animals and other jargon, onomatopoeia, or to emphasize a word or phrase; also used to write the Ainu language)


katakana

sh-noun

katakàna f (Cyrillic spelling катака̀на)

katakàna (canonical feminine)
катака̀на (Cyrillic)
katakàna (nominative singular)
katakane (genitive singular)
katakani (dative singular)
katakanu (accusative singular)
katakano (singular vocative)
katakani (locative singular)
katakanom (instrumental singular)


hiragana

en-noun

hiragana (countable and uncountable, plural hiraganas or hiragana)

hiraganas (plural)
hiragana (plural)
hirakana (alternative archaic)
firagana (alternative archaic)

/ˌhɪ.ɹəˈɡæ.nə/

/ˌhɪ.ɹəˈɡɑː.nə/

(uncountable) The main syllabary for the Japanese language, used to represent native Japanese words, including particles, and when kanji is used, to represent verb and adjective endings.


hiragana

hiragana (nominative singular)
hiragany (nominative plural)
hiragany (genitive singular)
hiragan (genitive plural)
hiraganě (dative singular)
hiraganám (dative plural)
hiraganu (accusative singular)
hiragany (accusative plural)
hiragano (singular vocative)
hiragany (plural vocative)
hiraganě (locative singular)
hiraganách (locative plural)
hiraganou (instrumental singular)
hiraganami (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from Japanese 平(ひら)仮(が)名(な) (hiragana).


hiragana

hiragana (nominative singular)
hiraganat (nominative plural)
hiragana (accusative nominative singular)
hiraganat (accusative nominative plural)
hiraganan (accusative genitive singular)
hiraganat (accusative genitive plural)
hiraganan (genitive singular)
hiraganojen (genitive plural)
hiraganain (genitive plural rare)
hiraganaa (partitive singular)
hiraganoja (partitive plural)
hiraganassa (inessive singular)
hiraganoissa (inessive plural)
hiraganasta (elative singular)
hiraganoista (elative plural)
hiraganaan (illative singular)
hiraganoihin (illative plural)
hiraganalla (adessive singular)
hiraganoilla (adessive plural)
hiraganalta (ablative singular)
hiraganoilta (ablative plural)
hiraganalle (allative singular)
hiraganoille (allative plural)
hiraganana (essive singular)
hiraganoina (essive plural)
hiraganaksi (singular translative)
hiraganoiksi (plural translative)
hiraganatta (abessive singular)
hiraganoitta (abessive plural)
hiraganoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
hiraganani (nominative singular)
hiraganani (nominative plural)
hiraganani (accusative nominative singular)
hiraganani (accusative nominative plural)
hiraganani (accusative genitive singular)
hiraganani (accusative genitive plural)
hiraganani (genitive singular)
hiraganojeni (genitive plural)
hiraganaini (genitive plural rare)
hiraganaani (partitive singular)
hiraganojani (partitive plural)
hiraganassani (inessive singular)
hiraganoissani (inessive plural)
hiraganastani (elative singular)
hiraganoistani (elative plural)
hiraganaani (illative singular)
hiraganoihini (illative plural)
hiraganallani (adessive singular)
hiraganoillani (adessive plural)
hiraganaltani (ablative singular)
hiraganoiltani (ablative plural)
hiraganalleni (allative singular)
hiraganoilleni (allative plural)
hiragananani (essive singular)
hiraganoinani (essive plural)
hiraganakseni (singular translative)
hiraganoikseni (plural translative)
hiraganattani (abessive singular)
hiraganoittani (abessive plural)
hiraganoineni (comitative plural)
hiraganasi (nominative singular)
hiraganasi (nominative plural)
hiraganasi (accusative nominative singular)
hiraganasi (accusative nominative plural)
hiraganasi (accusative genitive singular)
hiraganasi (accusative genitive plural)
hiraganasi (genitive singular)
hiraganojesi (genitive plural)
hiraganaisi (genitive plural rare)
hiraganaasi (partitive singular)
hiraganojasi (partitive plural)
hiraganassasi (inessive singular)
hiraganoissasi (inessive plural)
hiraganastasi (elative singular)
hiraganoistasi (elative plural)
hiraganaasi (illative singular)
hiraganoihisi (illative plural)
hiraganallasi (adessive singular)
hiraganoillasi (adessive plural)
hiraganaltasi (ablative singular)
hiraganoiltasi (ablative plural)
hiraganallesi (allative singular)
hiraganoillesi (allative plural)
hiragananasi (essive singular)
hiraganoinasi (essive plural)
hiraganaksesi (singular translative)
hiraganoiksesi (plural translative)
hiraganattasi (abessive singular)
hiraganoittasi (abessive plural)
hiraganoinesi (comitative plural)
hiraganamme (nominative singular)
hiraganamme (nominative plural)
hiraganamme (accusative nominative singular)
hiraganamme (accusative nominative plural)
hiraganamme (accusative genitive singular)
hiraganamme (accusative genitive plural)
hiraganamme (genitive singular)
hiraganojemme (genitive plural)
hiraganaimme (genitive plural rare)
hiraganaamme (partitive singular)
hiraganojamme (partitive plural)
hiraganassamme (inessive singular)
hiraganoissamme (inessive plural)
hiraganastamme (elative singular)
hiraganoistamme (elative plural)
hiraganaamme (illative singular)
hiraganoihimme (illative plural)
hiraganallamme (adessive singular)
hiraganoillamme (adessive plural)
hiraganaltamme (ablative singular)
hiraganoiltamme (ablative plural)
hiraganallemme (allative singular)
hiraganoillemme (allative plural)
hiragananamme (essive singular)
hiraganoinamme (essive plural)
hiraganaksemme (singular translative)
hiraganoiksemme (plural translative)
hiraganattamme (abessive singular)
hiraganoittamme (abessive plural)
hiraganoinemme (comitative plural)
hiragananne (nominative singular)
hiragananne (nominative plural)
hiragananne (accusative nominative singular)
hiragananne (accusative nominative plural)
hiragananne (accusative genitive singular)
hiragananne (accusative genitive plural)
hiragananne (genitive singular)
hiraganojenne (genitive plural)
hiraganainne (genitive plural rare)
hiraganaanne (partitive singular)
hiraganojanne (partitive plural)
hiraganassanne (inessive singular)
hiraganoissanne (inessive plural)
hiraganastanne (elative singular)
hiraganoistanne (elative plural)
hiraganaanne (illative singular)
hiraganoihinne (illative plural)
hiraganallanne (adessive singular)
hiraganoillanne (adessive plural)
hiraganaltanne (ablative singular)
hiraganoiltanne (ablative plural)
hiraganallenne (allative singular)
hiraganoillenne (allative plural)
hiraganananne (essive singular)
hiraganoinanne (essive plural)
hiraganaksenne (singular translative)
hiraganoiksenne (plural translative)
hiraganattanne (abessive singular)
hiraganoittanne (abessive plural)
hiraganoinenne (comitative plural)
hiraganansa (nominative singular)
hiraganansa (nominative plural)
hiraganansa (accusative nominative singular)
hiraganansa (accusative nominative plural)
hiraganansa (accusative genitive singular)
hiraganansa (accusative genitive plural)
hiraganansa (genitive singular)
hiraganojensa (genitive plural)
hiraganainsa (genitive plural rare)
hiraganaansa (partitive singular)
hiraganojaan (partitive plural)
hiraganojansa (partitive plural)
hiraganassaan (inessive singular)
hiraganassansa (inessive singular)
hiraganoissaan (inessive plural)
hiraganoissansa (inessive plural)
hiraganastaan (elative singular)
hiraganastansa (elative singular)
hiraganoistaan (elative plural)
hiraganoistansa (elative plural)
hiraganaansa (illative singular)
hiraganoihinsa (illative plural)
hiraganallaan (adessive singular)
hiraganallansa (adessive singular)
hiraganoillaan (adessive plural)
hiraganoillansa (adessive plural)
hiraganaltaan (ablative singular)
hiraganaltansa (ablative singular)
hiraganoiltaan (ablative plural)
hiraganoiltansa (ablative plural)
hiraganalleen (allative singular)
hiraganallensa (allative singular)
hiraganoilleen (allative plural)
hiraganoillensa (allative plural)
hiragananaan (essive singular)
hiragananansa (essive singular)
hiraganoinaan (essive plural)
hiraganoinansa (essive plural)
hiraganakseen (singular translative)
hiraganaksensa (singular translative)
hiraganoikseen (plural translative)
hiraganoiksensa (plural translative)
hiraganattaan (abessive singular)
hiraganattansa (abessive singular)
hiraganoittaan (abessive plural)
hiraganoittansa (abessive plural)
hiraganoineen (comitative plural)
hiraganoinensa (comitative plural)

[ˈhirɑ̝ˌɡɑ̝nɑ̝]


hiragana

hiragana (nominative singular)
hiragany (genitive singular)
hiraganie (dative singular)
hiraganę (accusative singular)
hiraganą (instrumental singular)
hiraganie (locative singular)
hiragano (singular vocative)

hiragana (main syllabary for the Japanese language, used to represent native Japanese words, including particles, and when kanji is used, to represent verb and adjective endings)


hiragana

sh-noun

hiragàna f (Cyrillic spelling хирага̀на)

hiragàna (canonical feminine)
хирага̀на (Cyrillic)
hiragàna (nominative singular)
hiragane (genitive singular)
hiragani (dative singular)
hiraganu (accusative singular)
hiragano (singular vocative)
hiragani (locative singular)
hiraganom (instrumental singular)


quốc ngữ

[kuək̚˧˦ ŋɨ˦ˀ˥]

[kuək̚˦˧˥ ŋɨ˧˨]

[wək̚˦˥ ŋɨ˨˩˦]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 國語 (“national language; official language”).

vi-etym-sino

the modern Vietnamese writing system based on the Latin alphabet


shinjitai

Transliteration from Japanese 新(しん)字(じ)体(たい) (shinjitai).

However, when a traditional “correct” radical has been obscured by the postwar adoption of a simplified form (shinjitai), that radical is simply ignored.

1992, The Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese, volume 26, issue 1, page 47:

The simplified form of Japanese kanji used after 1947.


拼音

→ English: p'in-yin, pinyin, Pinyin

/pʰɪŋ³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/pʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴/

/pʰiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/pʰiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ im³³/

/pʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/pʰeŋ³³⁻²³ im³³/

/pʰɪŋ³³ jɐm⁵⁵/

/pʰɪŋ⁵⁵ jɐm⁵⁵/

/pʰin²⁴⁻¹¹ im²⁴/

/pʰiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ im⁴⁴/

/pʰiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ im³³/

/pʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ im⁴⁴/

/pʰeŋ³³⁻²³ im³³/

你學過拼音嗎？

你学过拼音吗？

romanisation system; transcription system

(specifically) Pinyin (Hanyu Pinyin), a system of romanization for Mandarin Chinese


ローマ字

ローマ (“Rome, Roman”) + 字 (“character”).
Note: There is no ン ("n") in ローマ字(じ) • (rōmaji) . ローマ is borrowed from Portuguese. Compare however ローマン体 (“roman type”), which uses ローマン; borrowed from English.

羅馬字は長き字、短き字、広き字、狭き字、上に抜き出たる字、下に抜き出たる字などある故に、一の語には自ら一の形を生じ、従つて一見能くその語を区別しやすからしむ。

1899 April 24th, 正(まさ)岡(おか)子(し)規(き) (Masaoka Shiki), 病(びょう)牀(しょう)譫(せん)語(ご) (Byōshō Sengo), 青(あお)空(ぞら)文(ぶん)庫(こ) POD (Aozora Bunko POD), published 2016, 五 (“5”), ¶ 7:

romaji (Japanese written in the standard 26-character latin script).


abugida

/ɑːbuˈɡiːdə/

First use appears c. 1961. See cite below.

азбугида

writing system — see also alphasyllabary

Words are entered under the Abugida system.

1961, Haile Sellassie I University (contributor), University College Review - Volume 1, Issue 1, page 137:

1997 [Routledge], Peter T. Daniels, 2: Scripts of Semitic Languages, Robert Hetzron (editor), The Semitic Languages, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2005, Transferred to Digital Printing, unnumbered page,
An abugida is a script that uses characters for CV syllables wherein the several characters for some consonant plus the language's array of vowels are modifications of the character for that consonant followed by the unmarked vowel (phonemically /a/).

In an abugida, each consonant carries an inherent vowel, usually /a/.

2007, Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard 5.0, Addison-Wesley, page 200:

(linguistics) A kind of syllabary (syllabic alphabet) in which a symbol or glyph representing a syllable contains parts representing a vowel and a consonant, such that symbols for syllables not including the default vowel are generated by adding a common notation to indicate the vowel that it does include.

1997 [Routledge], Peter T. Daniels, 2: Scripts of Semitic Languages, Robert Hetzron (editor), The Semitic Languages, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2005, Transferred to Digital Printing, unnumbered page,
For the scripts of the Semitic languages, five categories are needed: logography, syllabary, abjad, alphabet, and abugida. A sixth, featural script, appears when Arabic script is adapted to non-Semitic languages. […] (The English word "abugida" is borrowed from the Amharic term for the letters of the script when taken in the order known from the Ge'ez transliterations of the Hebrew letter names found in the superscriptions of the sections of Psalm 119, as used in the liturgy; it takes the first four consonants and the first four vowels in their traditional order of presentation.)

2015, Patricia Donegan, 1: The Emergence of Phonological Representation, Brian MacWhinney, William O'Grady (editors, The Handbook of Language Emergence, John Wiley & Sons (Wiley Blackwell), page 39,
The widespread use and easy learnability of alphabetic writing systems, the typical arrangement of syllabic or abugida phoneme classes (as with Japanese kana, or devanagari), rhyme and alliteration, folk naming of correlative phoneme sets (like the “hard” and “soft” consonant groups of Slavic languages), differential learning of L2 sounds that can and cannot be readily identified with an L1 phoneme (Best, McRoberts, and Sithole, Werker and Tees, 1984b; Best and Tyler, 2007) - all assure us that phonemic perception and representation are not merely a result of alphabetic writing.

(linguistics) A kind of syllabary (syllabic alphabet) in which a symbol or glyph representing a syllable contains parts representing a vowel and a consonant, typically such that symbols for different syllables are generated by adding, altering or removing the vowel portion, often by applying a diacritic to a stable consonant symbol.


abugida

abugida (nominative singular)
abugidy (nominative plural)
abugidy (genitive singular)
abugid (genitive plural)
abugidzie (dative singular)
abugidom (dative plural)
abugidę (accusative singular)
abugidy (accusative plural)
abugidą (instrumental singular)
abugidami (instrumental plural)
abugidzie (locative singular)
abugidach (locative plural)
abugido (singular vocative)
abugidy (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ge'ez አቡጊዳ (ʾäbugida). First attested in the 21st century.

Podstawowe pole badań nad pismem fonograficznym podzielone jest na cztery obszary grafemiczne: pisma głoskowe (alfabet), sylabiczne, abdżad oraz abugidę.

2018, Aleksandra Smoczyńska, “Grafemika jako dział językoznawstwa-rozważania teoretyczne i perspektywy badań interdyscyplinarnych”, in Linguistica Copernicana, volume 15, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, →ISSN:

The basic field of the studies on phonographic writing is divided into four graphemic fields: vocalic writing (alphabet), syllabic, abjad, as well as abugida.


abugida

[ɐ.βuˈʒi.ðɐ]

(linguistics) abugida (writing system in which consonant-vowel sequences are written as a unit)


alfabet

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀλφάβητος (alphábētos, “alphabet”).

der

Dar alfabet ist de stiiga bon littarn.

The alphabet is a ladder, and the rungs are letters.


Oriya

Oorya (alternative)
Ooriya (alternative)

Odia, the language spoken in the state of Odisha, India.


rune

→ Mandarin: 盧恩 /卢恩 (lú'ēn)

Borrowed from Old Norse rún, which is from Proto-Germanic *rūnō (“letter, literature, secret”), which is borrowed either from Proto-Celtic *rūnā or from the same source as it; compare Dutch rune, German Rune, Raune, Danish rune and Swedish runa. Compare roun.
; "code point"

Go language defines the type rune as an alias for the type int32 to represent a Unicode code point. A string in Go is a sequence of runes.

2016, Shiju Varghese, Go Recipes, Apress, →ISBN, page 12:

programming language
programming language

(programming, in the Go programming language) A Unicode code point.


shorthand

en-noun

shorthand (countable and uncountable, plural shorthands)

shorthands (plural)
short hand (alternative)
short-hand (alternative)

The noun is derived from short + hand (“handwriting; style of penmanship”). The verb is derived from the noun.

compound

There is a Notion prevails among many People, to yͤ prejudice of all kinds of Short-hand; which is this. That when a Person sets down a Memorandum in his pocket Book in Short-hand, it is lost, in caſe of Death or any other accident, to yͤ rest of yͤ World, though it may contain things of great Consequence to other People. [...] I affirm, [...] that if any Person makes use of my long Short hand, which he will certainly do, in caſe he deſigns that what he writes should be read by another Person, it will be as legible to any one acquainted with this Art, as if it was writ in Round Hand.

1747 November 30, Aulay Macaulay, “Advertisement”, in Polygraphy or Short-hand Made Easy to the Meanest Capacity: Being an Universal Character Fitted to All Languages: […], London: Printed for the author, […] also sold by T[homas] Osborne, […], →OCLC, page IV:

All ſhort Hands are ſubject to Ambiguity; for there being but 8 Marks to repreſent 24 Letters, and thoſe 8 being uſed for 8 of them in the Short Hand Alphabets, the other Letters muſt be deſcribed by Characters compounded of theſe 8.

1748 May 26, Samuel Jeake, “XIV. The Elements of a Short Hand.”, in Philosophical Transactions. Giving Some Account of the Present Undertakings, Studies, and Labours, of the Ingenious, in Many Considerable Parts of the World, volume XLV, number 487, London: Printed for C. Davis, […], printer to the Royal Society, →OCLC, page 348:

A is denoted by a dot at the top of the Short-hand line; [...] The vowel a, in Short-hand, is used for the article a, or ah; [...]

1796, T[homas] M[olineux], “On the Vowels”, in An Abridgement of Mr. Byrom’s Universal English Short-hand; […], 2nd edition, London: Printed for the editor; and sold by H. Lowndes, […], →OCLC, 1st part:

[...] I was soon convinced, that our articles a an the should also be omitted: especially as the two former are comparatively infrequent, and the latter a perpetual incumbrance in other Short-hands.

1818, Edward Lawson, “General Plan”, in Chancery and Court-hand Explained, with an Easy, Rapid, and Distinct Short Hand, London: Printed by I. Colles, […]; for J[oseph] Butterworth, […], →OCLC, page 1:

In writing shorthand words are always to be spelled as they are sounded, and without any regard to orthography.

1821, P[eregrine] Bingham [the Younger], “On Shorthand Spelling and Punctuation, and on the Effect of the Position of Characters According to this System”, in A System of Shorthand on the Principle of the Association of Ideas, London: Printed by J[oseph] Butterworth and Son, […], →OCLC, section I, page 7:

A good Short-hand must be easy, swift, and legible.

1874, W. E. Scovil, A Short-hand Legible as the Plainest Writing, and Requiring No Teacher but the Book. With a Simplified System of Verbatim Reporting, 6th American edition, New York, N.Y.: W. E. Scovil, Jr., […], →OCLC, part I (Stenography), page 1:

Now, if you are wise, and would shorthand acquire, / Just throw your old text-books straight into the fire. / Then take up Light-Line—in the matter of speed, / There's nothing can beat it—of this take good heed. / 'Tis most easy to learn, to read and in fine— / No shorthand can equal GREGG'S MODERN LIGHT-LINE.

1898, Frank Rutherford, “A Song of Light-line”, in John Robert Gregg, Gregg’s Shorthand: A Light Line Phonography for the Million, 7th American edition, Chicago, Ill.: Published by the author […], →OCLC, page 120:

The origin of shorthand writing has been variously attributed to the Egyptians, the Greeks and the Romans. It is not unlikely that some form of stenography, or method of (comparatively) rapid writing by means of signs or characters briefer than those of the script ordinarily in use, was developed independently among the penmen or scribes of many early nations. [...] But the natural eagerness of stenographers to claim great antiquity for their art has sometimes tempted them to cite as references to shorthand passages which do not necessarily bear any such meaning.

1918, Isaac Pitman, A History of Shorthand, 4th edition, London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd. […], →OCLC, page 1:

Right away you say that nobody learns how to read shorthand. People who want to know shorthand learn how to write it; the reading of it comes by the way.

1986, Rudolf Flesch, “A Letter to Johnny’s Mother”, in Why Johnny Can’t Read – and What You can Do about It, 1st Perennial Library edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row, publishers, →ISBN, page 3:

A rough and rapid method of writing by substituting symbols for letters, words, etc.


kyūjitai

Transliteration from Japanese 旧(きゅう)字(じ)体(たい) (kyūjitai, literally “old character form”).

ja-r

Although the kyūjitai kanji were not banned, the obsolete kyūjitai kanji have become unreadable to more and more readers over time, thus making texts including them difficult for modern readers, but at least there is a recognized mapping from new form to old form.

2020, Stewart Arneil, “Encoding Disappearing Characters: The Case of Twentieth-Century Japanese-Canadian Names”, in Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative, number 12, Text Encoding Initiative Consortium, →DOI, →ISSN:

The traditional form of Japanese kanji used before 1947.


алфавит

alfavit (romanization)
алфавит (nominative singular)
алфавитъяс (nominative plural)
алфавит (accusative accusative-i singular)
алфавитъяс (accusative accusative-i plural)
алфавитӧс (accusative accusative-ii singular)
алфавитъясӧс (accusative accusative-ii plural)
алфавитӧн (instrumental singular)
алфавитъясӧн (instrumental plural)
алфавиткӧд (comitative singular)
алфавитъяскӧд (comitative plural)
алфавиттӧг (caritive singular)
алфавитъястӧг (caritive plural)
алфавитла (consecutive singular)
алфавитъясла (consecutive plural)
алфавитлӧн (genitive singular)
алфавитъяслӧн (genitive plural)
алфавитлысь (ablative singular)
алфавитъяслысь (ablative plural)
алфавитлы (dative singular)
алфавитъяслы (dative plural)
алфавитын (inessive singular)
алфавитъясын (inessive plural)
алфавитысь (elative singular)
алфавитъясысь (elative plural)
алфавитӧ (illative singular)
алфавитъясӧ (illative plural)
алфавитсянь (egressive singular)
алфавитъяссянь (egressive plural)
алфавитлань (approximative singular)
алфавитъяслань (approximative plural)
алфавитӧдз (singular terminative)
алфавитъясӧдз (plural terminative)
алфавитӧд (prolative prolative-i singular)
алфавитъясӧд (plural prolative prolative-i)
алфавитті (prolative prolative-ii singular)
алфавитъясті (plural prolative prolative-ii)
алфавитӧй (nominative singular)
алфавитъясӧй (nominative plural)
алфавитӧй (accusative accusative-i singular)
алфавитъясӧй (accusative accusative-i plural)
алфавитӧс (accusative accusative-ii singular)
алфавитъясӧс (accusative accusative-ii plural)
алфавитнам (instrumental singular)
алфавитъяснам (instrumental plural)
алфавитӧйкӧд (comitative singular)
алфавитъясӧйкӧд (comitative plural)
алфавиттӧгым (caritive singular)
алфавитъястӧгым (caritive plural)
алфавитӧйла (consecutive singular)
алфавитъясӧйла (consecutive plural)
алфавитӧйлӧн (genitive singular)
алфавитъясӧйлӧн (genitive plural)
алфавитӧйлысь (ablative singular)
алфавитъясӧйлысь (ablative plural)
алфавитӧйлы (dative singular)
алфавитъясӧйлы (dative plural)
алфавитам (inessive singular)
алфавитъясам (inessive plural)
алфавитсьым (elative singular)
алфавитъяссьым (elative plural)
алфавитам (illative singular)
алфавитъясам (illative plural)
алфавитсяньым (egressive singular)
алфавитъяссяньым (egressive plural)
алфавитланьым (approximative singular)
алфавитъясланьым (approximative plural)
алфавитӧдзым (singular terminative)
алфавитъясӧдзым (plural terminative)
алфавитӧдым (prolative prolative-i singular)
алфавитъясӧдым (plural prolative prolative-i)
алфавиттіым (prolative prolative-ii singular)
алфавитъястіым (plural prolative prolative-ii)
алфавитыд (nominative singular)
алфавитъясыд (nominative plural)
алфавитыд (accusative accusative-i singular)
алфавитъясыд (accusative accusative-i plural)
алфавиттӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
алфавитъястӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
алфавитнад (instrumental singular)
алфавитъяснад (instrumental plural)
алфавитыдкӧд (comitative singular)
алфавитъясыдкӧд (comitative plural)
алфавиттӧгыд (caritive singular)
алфавитъястӧгыд (caritive plural)
алфавитыдла (consecutive singular)
алфавитъясыдла (consecutive plural)
алфавитыдлӧн (genitive singular)
алфавитъясыдлӧн (genitive plural)
алфавитыдлысь (ablative singular)
алфавитъясыдлысь (ablative plural)
алфавитыдлы (dative singular)
алфавитъясыдлы (dative plural)
алфавитад (inessive singular)
алфавитъясад (inessive plural)
алфавитсьыд (elative singular)
алфавитъяссьыд (elative plural)
алфавитад (illative singular)
алфавитъясад (illative plural)
алфавитсяньыд (egressive singular)
алфавитъяссяньыд (egressive plural)
алфавитланьыд (approximative singular)
алфавитъясланьыд (approximative plural)
алфавитӧдзыд (singular terminative)
алфавитъясӧдзыд (plural terminative)
алфавитӧдыд (prolative prolative-i singular)
алфавитъясӧдыд (plural prolative prolative-i)
алфавиттіыд (prolative prolative-ii singular)
алфавитъястіыд (plural prolative prolative-ii)
алфавитыс (nominative singular)
алфавитъясыс (nominative plural)
алфавитыс (accusative accusative-i singular)
алфавитъясыс (accusative accusative-i plural)
алфавитсӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
алфавитъяссӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
алфавитнас (instrumental singular)
алфавитъяснас (instrumental plural)
алфавитыскӧд (comitative singular)
алфавитъясыскӧд (comitative plural)
алфавиттӧгыс (caritive singular)
алфавитъястӧгыс (caritive plural)
алфавитысла (consecutive singular)
алфавитъясысла (consecutive plural)
алфавитыслӧн (genitive singular)
алфавитъясыслӧн (genitive plural)
алфавитыслысь (ablative singular)
алфавитъясыслысь (ablative plural)
алфавитыслы (dative singular)
алфавитъясыслы (dative plural)
алфавитас (inessive singular)
алфавитъясас (inessive plural)
алфавитсьыс (elative singular)
алфавитъяссьыс (elative plural)
алфавитас (illative singular)
алфавитъясас (illative plural)
алфавитсяньыс (egressive singular)
алфавитъяссяньыс (egressive plural)
алфавитланьыс (approximative singular)
алфавитъясланьыс (approximative plural)
алфавитӧдзыс (singular terminative)
алфавитъясӧдзыс (plural terminative)
алфавитӧдыс (prolative prolative-i singular)
алфавитъясӧдыс (plural prolative prolative-i)
алфавиттіыс (prolative prolative-ii singular)
алфавитъястіыс (plural prolative prolative-ii)
алфавитным (nominative singular)
алфавитъясным (nominative plural)
алфавитным (accusative accusative-i singular)
алфавитъясным (accusative accusative-i plural)
алфавитнымӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
алфавитъяснымӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
алфавитнаным (instrumental singular)
алфавитъяснаным (instrumental plural)
алфавитнымкӧд (comitative singular)
алфавитъяснымкӧд (comitative plural)
алфавиттӧгным (caritive singular)
алфавитъястӧгным (caritive plural)
алфавитнымла (consecutive singular)
алфавитъяснымла (consecutive plural)
алфавитнымлӧн (genitive singular)
алфавитъяснымлӧн (genitive plural)
алфавитнымлысь (ablative singular)
алфавитъяснымлысь (ablative plural)
алфавитнымлы (dative singular)
алфавитъяснымлы (dative plural)
алфавитаным (inessive singular)
алфавитъясаным (inessive plural)
алфавитсьыным (elative singular)
алфавитъяссьыным (elative plural)
алфавитаным (illative singular)
алфавитъясаным (illative plural)
алфавитсяньным (egressive singular)
алфавитъяссяньным (egressive plural)
алфавитланьным (approximative singular)
алфавитъясланьным (approximative plural)
алфавитӧдзным (singular terminative)
алфавитъясӧдзным (plural terminative)
алфавитӧдным (prolative prolative-i singular)
алфавитъясӧдным (plural prolative prolative-i)
алфавиттіным (prolative prolative-ii singular)
алфавитъястіным (plural prolative prolative-ii)
алфавитныд (nominative singular)
алфавитъясныд (nominative plural)
алфавитныд (accusative accusative-i singular)
алфавитъясныд (accusative accusative-i plural)
алфавитнытӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
алфавитъяснытӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
алфавитнаныд (instrumental singular)
алфавитъяснаныд (instrumental plural)
алфавитныдкӧд (comitative singular)
алфавитъясныдкӧд (comitative plural)
алфавиттӧгныд (caritive singular)
алфавитъястӧгныд (caritive plural)
алфавитныдла (consecutive singular)
алфавитъясныдла (consecutive plural)
алфавитныдлӧн (genitive singular)
алфавитъясныдлӧн (genitive plural)
алфавитныдлысь (ablative singular)
алфавитъясныдлысь (ablative plural)
алфавитныдлы (dative singular)
алфавитъясныдлы (dative plural)
алфавитаныд (inessive singular)
алфавитъясаныд (inessive plural)
алфавитсьыныд (elative singular)
алфавитъяссьыныд (elative plural)
алфавитаныд (illative singular)
алфавитъясаныд (illative plural)
алфавитсяньныд (egressive singular)
алфавитъяссяньныд (egressive plural)
алфавитланьныд (approximative singular)
алфавитъясланьныд (approximative plural)
алфавитӧдзныд (singular terminative)
алфавитъясӧдзныд (plural terminative)
алфавитӧдныд (prolative prolative-i singular)
алфавитъясӧдныд (plural prolative prolative-i)
алфавиттіныд (prolative prolative-ii singular)
алфавитъястіныд (plural prolative prolative-ii)
алфавитныс (nominative singular)
алфавитъясныс (nominative plural)
алфавитныс (accusative accusative-i singular)
алфавитъясныс (accusative accusative-i plural)
алфавитнысӧ (accusative accusative-ii singular)
алфавитъяснысӧ (accusative accusative-ii plural)
алфавитнаныс (instrumental singular)
алфавитъяснаныс (instrumental plural)
алфавитнымкӧс (comitative singular)
алфавитъяснымкӧс (comitative plural)
алфавиттӧгныс (caritive singular)
алфавитъястӧгныс (caritive plural)
алфавитнысла (consecutive singular)
алфавитъяснысла (consecutive plural)
алфавитныслӧн (genitive singular)
алфавитъясныслӧн (genitive plural)
алфавитныслысь (ablative singular)
алфавитъясныслысь (ablative plural)
алфавитныслы (dative singular)
алфавитъясныслы (dative plural)
алфавитаныс (inessive singular)
алфавитъясаныс (inessive plural)
алфавитсьыныс (elative singular)
алфавитъяссьыныс (elative plural)
алфавитаныс (illative singular)
алфавитъясаныс (illative plural)
алфавитсяньныс (egressive singular)
алфавитъяссяньныс (egressive plural)
алфавитланьныс (approximative singular)
алфавитъясланьныс (approximative plural)
алфавитӧдзныс (singular terminative)
алфавитъясӧдзныс (plural terminative)
алфавитӧдныс (prolative prolative-i singular)
алфавитъясӧдныс (plural prolative prolative-i)
алфавиттіныс (prolative prolative-ii singular)
алфавитъястіныс (plural prolative prolative-ii)

Borrowed from Russian алфавит (alfavit).


Syriac

From Ancient Greek συριακός (suriakós), an adjective pertaining to Συρία (Suría), the Greek name for Aram, and probably based on the name Assyria.

Syriac Orthodox Church
Syriac Orthodox Church

Syriac Catholic Church
Syriac Catholic Church

A member of any of the Syriac churches, but especially the Syriac Orthodox Church and Syriac Catholic Church.


hieroglyph

/ˈhaɪ.ɹəˌɡlɪf/

/ˈhaɪ.ɹəʊˌɡlɪf/

/ˈhaɪɚ.əˌɡlɪf/

First attested around 1598, a back-formation from hieroglyphic (1580s), from Middle French hiéroglyphique, from Late Latin hieroglyphicus, from Ancient Greek ἱερογλυφικός (hierogluphikós) (Plutarch τά ἱερογλυφικά [γράμματα] "hieroglyphic [writing]), ἱερόγλυφος (hierógluphos, “carver of hieroglyphs”) (Ptolemy), a compound of ἱερός (hierós, “sacred, holy”) and γλυφή (gluphḗ, “carved work”), a calque of Egyptian mdw-nṯr (“the god’s word”), nTr-md. By surface analysis, hiero- + glyph.

der

ἱερογλυφικός

Hieroglyphs were discovered on the wall inside the temple.

An element (individual sign or glyph) of a hieroglyphic writing system.


Chinese character

en-noun

Chinese character (plural Chinese characters)

There are no Publick Schools in all China (though ſome Writers have erroneouſly ſet forth the contrary) but every perſon chuſes his own Maſter, by whom he is taught in his Houſe, at his own charge. And in regard of the great difficulty in teaching the Chineſe Characters, in reſpect of their vaſt number and variety, it is impoſſible for one to teach many ſeveral perſons ; and therefore every Maſter of a Family takes an Intſructer into his Houſe for his Children, of whom if there be two or three to learn, they are as many as one Tutor can well teach.

1669, John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, page 163:

Had it not been for the casual discovery in the year 1625 of a deeply buried black marble tablet near Hsi-an containing nearly 1,700 Chinese characters, and a long list of names of priests in Syriac, the fact that such a sect rooted itself in the Celestial Empire would never have been believed, as indeed after the tablet was unearthed it was for a long time discredited.

1912, Arthur Henderson Smith, “Uplifting Leaders”, in The Uplift of China, →OCLC, page 117:

Any character used in the written form of several languages of China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam.

кита́йская гра́мота

can also be derogatory, "something unreadable"


syllabary

/ˈsɪləˌbɛɹi/

From Neo-Latin syllabārium, from syllaba.

It shouldn't be hard to come up with a musical syllabary in which pitches code for vowels and timbres code for consonants.

(orthography) A writing system where each character represents a complete syllable.


Deva

From English Devanagari, from Sanskrit देवनागरी (devanāgarī).
The "nagari" part was trimmed from "Devanagari", in accordance with the four-letter format in ISO 15924.


Hanzi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 漢字 /汉字 (Hànzì). Doublet of kanji and hanja.

On May 21, 1957, the Jen min je pao published the text of the previous day’s discussions during which writers and scholars of various tendencies had examined before the Commission the proposed reform (which, in the opinion of certain “leftists,” entailed in fact the suppression of the han tzŭ, the Chinese characters).

[1959, Etiemble, “One China or Two?”, in Evergreen Review, volume 2, number 8, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 31:

Chinese character
Chinese character#English

Synonym of Chinese character (specifically in relation to Chinese)


Hanzi

de-noun

Hanzi n (strong, genitive Hanzi, plural Hanzi)

Hanzi (genitive)
Hanzi (plural)
Hanzi (nominative singular)
Hanzi (definite nominative plural)
Hanzi (genitive singular)
Hanzi (definite genitive plural)
Hanzi (dative singular)
Hanzi (dative definite plural)
Hanzi (accusative singular)
Hanzi (accusative definite plural)
Hànzì (alternative)


Hieroglyphe

Hieroglyphe f (genitive Hieroglyphe, plural Hieroglyphen)

Hieroglyphe (genitive)
Hieroglyphen (plural)
Hieroglyphe (nominative singular)
Hieroglyphen (definite nominative plural)
Hieroglyphe (genitive singular)
Hieroglyphen (definite genitive plural)
Hieroglyphe (dative singular)
Hieroglyphen (dative definite plural)
Hieroglyphe (accusative singular)
Hieroglyphen (accusative definite plural)


cuneiform

From French cunéiforme or New Latin cuneifōrmis, from Classical Latin cuneus (“wedge”) + fōrma.

There, too, it was originally the vulgar script in contrast with the official cuneiform script employed for all official documents, compacts, etc.

1911, Alvin Sylvester Zerbe, The Antiquity of Hebrew Writing and Literature, page 182:

The text is inscribed on a clay tablet of a very unusual format. The only other known mathematical cuneiform text on a clay tablet of a similar format is also the only previously known Kassite (and therefore post-Old-Babylonian) mathematical cuneiform text.

2000, Jöran Friberg, A Remarkable Collection of Babylonian Mathematical Texts, page ix:

Written in the cuneiform writing system.


cuneiform

cuneiforms (plural)
cuniform (alternative)

An ancient Mesopotamian writing system, adapted within several language families, originating as pictograms in Sumer around the 30th century BC, evolving into more abstract and characteristic wedge shapes formed by a blunt reed stylus on clayen tablets.

釘頭文字 /钉头文字

ding¹ tau⁴ man⁴ zi⁶, deng¹ tau⁴ man⁴ zi⁶

(anatomy) A wedge-shaped bone, especially a cuneiform bone.


braille

en-noun

braille (countable and uncountable, plural brailles)

Borrowed from French braille, named after French educator Louis Braille (1809–1852). The /eɪl/ seems to reflect a spelling pronunciation; French has /aj/ instead.

named-after

Another difficulty which causes literature in braille to remain scarce is the cumbersomeness of the process of producing braille books.

1963, S. C. Ashcroft, Freda Henderson, Programmed Instruction in Braille, Stanwix House, →ISBN, page 6:

A system of writing in which letters and some combinations of letters are represented by raised dots arranged in three or four rows of two dots each and are read by the blind and partially sighted using the fingertips.


braille

en-verb

braille (third-person singular simple present brailles, present participle brailling, simple past and past participle brailled)

brailles (present singular third-person)
brailling (participle present)
brailled (participle past)
brailled (past)
Braille (alternative)

I played back my recorded notes and brailled them.

the sponsorship statement on respondent's brailled volumes [...] He admittedly had no knowledge of just how respondent's book [...] came to be brailled

1967, Carlton Fredericks, Federal Trade Commission Decisions, volume 71, page 237:

To write in, or convert into, the braille writing system.


braille

braille (genitive singular)
braille (indefinite nominative singular)
a bhraille (indefinite singular vocative)
braille (genitive indefinite singular)
braille (dative indefinite singular)
an braille (definite nominative singular)
an bhraille (definite genitive singular)
leis an mbraille (dative definite singular)
don bhraille (dative definite singular)
braille
bhraille
mbraille


braille

brailles (plural)
braile (alternative nonstandard)

Borrowed from French braille, named after French educator Louis Braille (1809–1852).

braille (system of writing using raised dots)


braille

-aiʎe (rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines)

-aiʒe (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay)


arabica

aràbica (canonical feminine)
ара̀бица (Cyrillic)
arabica (nominative singular)
arabice (nominative plural)
arabice (genitive singular)
arabica (genitive plural)
arabici (dative singular)
arabicama (dative plural)
arabicu (accusative singular)
arabice (accusative plural)
arabice (singular vocative)
arabice (plural vocative)
arabici (locative singular)
arabicama (locative plural)
arabicom (instrumental singular)
arabicama (instrumental plural)
arèbica (alternative)

A form of the Perso-Arabic script once used to write Serbo-Croatian.


arabica

please help by adding the tonal marks.
arábica (nominative singular)
arábice (genitive singular)
arábici (dative singular)
arábico (accusative singular)
arábici (locative singular)
arábico (instrumental singular)

Arebica, the form of the Perso-Arabic script once used to write Bosnian.


hangul

hangul (nominative singular)
hangulit (nominative plural)
hangul (accusative nominative singular)
hangulit (accusative nominative plural)
hangulin (accusative genitive singular)
hangulit (accusative genitive plural)
hangulin (genitive singular)
hangulien (genitive plural)
hanguleiden (genitive plural)
hanguleitten (genitive plural)
hangulia (partitive singular)
hanguleita (partitive plural)
hanguleja (partitive plural)
hangulissa (inessive singular)
hanguleissa (inessive plural)
hangulista (elative singular)
hanguleista (elative plural)
hanguliin (illative singular)
hanguleihin (illative plural)
hangulilla (adessive singular)
hanguleilla (adessive plural)
hangulilta (ablative singular)
hanguleilta (ablative plural)
hangulille (allative singular)
hanguleille (allative plural)
hangulina (essive singular)
hanguleina (essive plural)
hanguliksi (singular translative)
hanguleiksi (plural translative)
hangulitta (abessive singular)
hanguleitta (abessive plural)
hangulein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
hangulini (nominative singular)
hangulini (nominative plural)
hangulini (accusative nominative singular)
hangulini (accusative nominative plural)
hangulini (accusative genitive singular)
hangulini (accusative genitive plural)
hangulini (genitive singular)
hangulieni (genitive plural)
hanguleideni (genitive plural)
hanguleitteni (genitive plural)
hanguliani (partitive singular)
hanguleitani (partitive plural)
hangulejani (partitive plural)
hangulissani (inessive singular)
hanguleissani (inessive plural)
hangulistani (elative singular)
hanguleistani (elative plural)
hanguliini (illative singular)
hanguleihini (illative plural)
hangulillani (adessive singular)
hanguleillani (adessive plural)
hanguliltani (ablative singular)
hanguleiltani (ablative plural)
hangulilleni (allative singular)
hanguleilleni (allative plural)
hangulinani (essive singular)
hanguleinani (essive plural)
hangulikseni (singular translative)
hanguleikseni (plural translative)
hangulittani (abessive singular)
hanguleittani (abessive plural)
hanguleineni (comitative plural)
hangulisi (nominative singular)
hangulisi (nominative plural)
hangulisi (accusative nominative singular)
hangulisi (accusative nominative plural)
hangulisi (accusative genitive singular)
hangulisi (accusative genitive plural)
hangulisi (genitive singular)
hanguliesi (genitive plural)
hanguleidesi (genitive plural)
hanguleittesi (genitive plural)
hanguliasi (partitive singular)
hanguleitasi (partitive plural)
hangulejasi (partitive plural)
hangulissasi (inessive singular)
hanguleissasi (inessive plural)
hangulistasi (elative singular)
hanguleistasi (elative plural)
hanguliisi (illative singular)
hanguleihisi (illative plural)
hangulillasi (adessive singular)
hanguleillasi (adessive plural)
hanguliltasi (ablative singular)
hanguleiltasi (ablative plural)
hangulillesi (allative singular)
hanguleillesi (allative plural)
hangulinasi (essive singular)
hanguleinasi (essive plural)
hanguliksesi (singular translative)
hanguleiksesi (plural translative)
hangulittasi (abessive singular)
hanguleittasi (abessive plural)
hanguleinesi (comitative plural)
hangulimme (nominative singular)
hangulimme (nominative plural)
hangulimme (accusative nominative singular)
hangulimme (accusative nominative plural)
hangulimme (accusative genitive singular)
hangulimme (accusative genitive plural)
hangulimme (genitive singular)
hanguliemme (genitive plural)
hanguleidemme (genitive plural)
hanguleittemme (genitive plural)
hanguliamme (partitive singular)
hanguleitamme (partitive plural)
hangulejamme (partitive plural)
hangulissamme (inessive singular)
hanguleissamme (inessive plural)
hangulistamme (elative singular)
hanguleistamme (elative plural)
hanguliimme (illative singular)
hanguleihimme (illative plural)
hangulillamme (adessive singular)
hanguleillamme (adessive plural)
hanguliltamme (ablative singular)
hanguleiltamme (ablative plural)
hangulillemme (allative singular)
hanguleillemme (allative plural)
hangulinamme (essive singular)
hanguleinamme (essive plural)
hanguliksemme (singular translative)
hanguleiksemme (plural translative)
hangulittamme (abessive singular)
hanguleittamme (abessive plural)
hanguleinemme (comitative plural)
hangulinne (nominative singular)
hangulinne (nominative plural)
hangulinne (accusative nominative singular)
hangulinne (accusative nominative plural)
hangulinne (accusative genitive singular)
hangulinne (accusative genitive plural)
hangulinne (genitive singular)
hangulienne (genitive plural)
hanguleidenne (genitive plural)
hanguleittenne (genitive plural)
hangulianne (partitive singular)
hanguleitanne (partitive plural)
hangulejanne (partitive plural)
hangulissanne (inessive singular)
hanguleissanne (inessive plural)
hangulistanne (elative singular)
hanguleistanne (elative plural)
hanguliinne (illative singular)
hanguleihinne (illative plural)
hangulillanne (adessive singular)
hanguleillanne (adessive plural)
hanguliltanne (ablative singular)
hanguleiltanne (ablative plural)
hangulillenne (allative singular)
hanguleillenne (allative plural)
hangulinanne (essive singular)
hanguleinanne (essive plural)
hanguliksenne (singular translative)
hanguleiksenne (plural translative)
hangulittanne (abessive singular)
hanguleittanne (abessive plural)
hanguleinenne (comitative plural)
hangulinsa (nominative singular)
hangulinsa (nominative plural)
hangulinsa (accusative nominative singular)
hangulinsa (accusative nominative plural)
hangulinsa (accusative genitive singular)
hangulinsa (accusative genitive plural)
hangulinsa (genitive singular)
hanguliensa (genitive plural)
hanguleidensa (genitive plural)
hanguleittensa (genitive plural)
hanguliaan (partitive singular)
hanguliansa (partitive singular)
hanguleitaan (partitive plural)
hangulejaan (partitive plural)
hanguleitansa (partitive plural)
hangulejansa (partitive plural)
hangulissaan (inessive singular)
hangulissansa (inessive singular)
hanguleissaan (inessive plural)
hanguleissansa (inessive plural)
hangulistaan (elative singular)
hangulistansa (elative singular)
hanguleistaan (elative plural)
hanguleistansa (elative plural)
hanguliinsa (illative singular)
hanguleihinsa (illative plural)
hangulillaan (adessive singular)
hangulillansa (adessive singular)
hanguleillaan (adessive plural)
hanguleillansa (adessive plural)
hanguliltaan (ablative singular)
hanguliltansa (ablative singular)
hanguleiltaan (ablative plural)
hanguleiltansa (ablative plural)
hangulilleen (allative singular)
hangulillensa (allative singular)
hanguleilleen (allative plural)
hanguleillensa (allative plural)
hangulinaan (essive singular)
hangulinansa (essive singular)
hanguleinaan (essive plural)
hanguleinansa (essive plural)
hangulikseen (singular translative)
hanguliksensa (singular translative)
hanguleikseen (plural translative)
hanguleiksensa (plural translative)
hangulittaan (abessive singular)
hangulittansa (abessive singular)
hanguleittaan (abessive plural)
hanguleittansa (abessive plural)
hanguleineen (comitative plural)
hanguleinensa (comitative plural)


hangul

hangul (nominative singular)
hangulu (genitive singular)
hangulowi (dative singular)
hangul (accusative singular)
hangulem (instrumental singular)
hangulu (locative singular)
hangulu (singular vocative)
hangeul (alternative)
hangyl (alternative)

hangul (phonetic alphabet used to write the Korean language)


hangul

From Korean 한글 (han'geul, “Korean script”), from Archaic Korean 한 (han, “great”) + 글 (geul, “script”).


pismo

pisemko (diminutive)
pismo (nominative singular)
pisma (nominative plural)
pisma (genitive singular)
pism (genitive plural)
pismu (dative singular)
pismom (dative plural)
pismo (accusative singular)
pisma (accusative plural)
pismem (instrumental singular)
pismami (instrumental plural)
piśmie (locative singular)
pismie (locative singular)
pismach (locative plural)
pismo (singular vocative)
pisma (plural vocative)

(countable, linguistics) script, writing system (system of graphemes used to record sounds or concepts; all letters making up a given alphabet)


キリル文字

キリル文字 (canonical)
Kiriru moji (romanization)

[kʲiɾʲiɾɯ̟ mo̞ʑi]

キリル (Kiriru, Slavic given name Kirill, cognate of Cyril) + 文字 (moji, “letters, characters, script”). See キリル for more.


Devanagari

/ˌdeɪvəˈnɑːɡ(ə)ɹɪ/

/ˌdɛvəˈnɑːɡ(ə)ɹɪ/

/ˌdeɪvəˈnɑɡəɹi/

Borrowed from Sanskrit देवनागरी (devanāgarī), compound of देव (deva, “deity, divine”) + नगर (nagara, “town, city”).

bor+

An abugida script used to write many languages originating in India and Nepal, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Maithili, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri, and Nepali.


振り仮名

振り仮名 (canonical)
furigana (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟ɾʲiɡa̠na̠]

From 振り (furi, “assigning”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 振る (furu, “to assign, to stick on, to apportion”)) + 仮名 (kana). The kana changes to gana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First cited to 1813.

com

smaller kana printed next to (vertical) or above (horizontal) non-kana text as pronunciation guide


Griechisch

de-proper noun

Griechisch n (proper noun, language name, genitive Griechisch or Griechischs, alternative nominative (used with the definite article) Griechische, alternative genitive Griechischen, no plural)

Griechisch (genitive)
Griechischs (genitive)
Griechische (alternative nominative)
Griechischen (alternative genitive)
Griechisch (nominative singular usually-without-article)
Griechische (definite nominative singular)
Griechisch (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Griechischs (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Griechischen (definite genitive singular)
Griechisch (dative singular usually-without-article)
Griechischen (dative definite singular)
Griechisch (accusative singular usually-without-article)
Griechische (accusative definite singular)
Griechische (alternative)

Delphisch

Nordwestgriechisch (also includes Elisch, Phokisch)

Korinthisch

Dorisch (strict sense, also called das eigentliche Dorische)

Arkadisch

Arkadisch-Kyprisch = Arkadokyprisch (uncommon)

Böotisch

Festlandäolisch (rare, the coordinate term Inseläolisch is too rare)

Lesbisch

Äolisch (strict sense) = Asiatisch-Äolisch, Kleinasiatisch-Äolisch/Kleinasiatisch-Aiolisch (rare) = Lesbisch (broad sense)


片仮名

Compound of 片 (kata, “part”) + 仮名 (kana). 片 is in turn a cognate with 方 (kata).

カタカナ語 カタカナ語#Japanese

Katakana, a set of Japanese syllabary characters, secondary to hiragana, derived from portions of Chinese characters whose sounds approximate the Japanese sound being represented. Chiefly thought of as being used for loanwords (cf. カタカナ語 (“loanword”, literally “katakana word”)), it has a number of other uses too, complementing hiragana; see Katakana on Wikipedia.Wikipedia


平仮名

Compound of 平 (hira, “flat, smooth”) + 仮名 (kana). The kana changes to gana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Firagana. ヒラガナ (平仮名) 日本の文字の一種.

1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 242:


pictograph

A picture that represents a word or an idea.

A graph that represents numerical data using pictures.


Arabisch

Arabisch n (proper noun, language name, genitive Arabisch or Arabischs, alternative nominative (used with the definite article) Arabische, alternative genitive Arabischen, no plural)

Arabisch (genitive)
Arabischs (genitive)
Arabische (alternative nominative)
Arabischen (alternative genitive)
Arabisch (nominative singular usually-without-article)
Arabische (definite nominative singular)
Arabisch (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Arabischs (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Arabischen (definite genitive singular)
Arabisch (dative singular usually-without-article)
Arabischen (dative definite singular)
Arabisch (accusative singular usually-without-article)
Arabische (accusative definite singular)


runa

pl-noun

runa f (related adjective runiczny or runicki or runowy or runiany)

runiczny (adjective)
runicki (adjective)
runowy (adjective)
runiany (adjective)
runa (nominative singular)
runy (nominative plural)
runy (genitive singular)
run (genitive plural)
runie (dative singular)
runom (dative plural)
runę (accusative singular)
runy (accusative plural)
runą (instrumental singular)
runami (instrumental plural)
runie (locative singular)
runach (locative plural)
runo (singular vocative)
runy (plural vocative)

(chiefly in the plural, poetry) rune (Finnic or Scandinavian epic poem, or a division of one, especially a division of the Kalevala)


Gurmukhi

Borrowed from Punjabi ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ (gurmukhī) / گُرْمُکھی (gurmukhī), commonly translated as "from the Mouth of the Guru", since it was standardised by Guru Angad in the 16th century.

An abugida script, or writing system, designed for writing the Punjabi language used primarily in Punjab, India


abjad

From Arabic أبجد (ʔabjad), the term for the traditional ordering of the Arabic script (from the first four letters: أ (ʔ), ب (b), ج (j), د (d)). Compare English ABC and alphabet.
Linguistics sense coined by Peter T. Daniels.

consonantary

writing system with a glyph for each consonant

In Rabghuzi's Stories of the Prophets, a teacher asked Jesus, who was seven years old at the time, to repeat the alphabet and the abjad by rote.

2014, Agnès Nilüfer Kefeli, Becoming Muslim in Imperial Russia: Conversion, Apostasy, and Literacy, Cornell University Press, unnumbered page:

Abjad is the writing system used in this book, and it's also the writing system used throughout the Arabic world. For instance, most newspapers you pick up in the Middle East use the abjad writing system, whereby the consonants are included but not the vowels.

2018, Amine Bouchentouf, Arabic for Dummies, 3rd edition, Wiley, page 16:

A writing system for Arabic, historically also employed as a numeral system, in which there is one glyph (symbol or letter) for each consonant but vowels are not specified.


万葉仮名

ja-noun

万(まん)葉(よう)仮(が)名(な) • (man'yōgana) ^(←まんえふがな (man'efugana)?)

万葉仮名 (canonical)
man'yōgana (romanization)
man'efugana (romanization)
まんえふがな (hiragana historical)

[mã̠ɰ̃jo̞ːɡa̠na̠]

Compound of 万葉 (man'yō, “ten thousand leaves”, from the title of the Old Japanese poetry anthology, Man'yōshū, “Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves”) + 仮名 (kana, “phonetic character”, literally “borrowed characters” or “borrowed names”, from the way the characters were borrowed for their phonetic values). The kana changes to gana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
This kind of phonetic re-use of Chinese characters was broadly popularized by the Man'yōshū. Chinese used phonetically to spell Japanese occurs even earlier in the historical record, such as on the Inariyama Sword, dated to 471 or 531.

compound

Man'yōgana, the early Japanese syllabary using Chinese characters to represent Japanese sounds: the predecessor of hiragana and katakana


Ge'ez

Ge’ez (canonical)
Geez (alternative)
Gi'iz (alternative)
Giiz (alternative)
Geʿez (alternative)
Gəʿəz (alternative)

He takes out a leather-bound Bible, written in Ge'ez, illuminated by drawings of angels with large, soulful eyes.

2019, Maaza Mengiste, The Shadow King, Canongate Books (2020), page 328:

An Ethiopian language which is extinct but still used liturgically.

The writing system originally used for the Ge’ez language.


送り仮名

送り仮名 (canonical)
okurigana (romanization)

[o̞kɯ̟ɾʲiɡa̠na̠]

Compound of 送り (okuri, “sending”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 送る (okuru, “to send”), from the sense of sending something afterward or adding something on the end) + 仮名 (kana, “kana”, the Japanese syllabary characters). The kana changes to gana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First cited to a text from 1477.


כתב בריל

he-noun

כְּתַב בְּרַיְל

כְּתַב בְּרַיְל • (ktav brail) m (no plural forms)

כְּתַב בְּרַיְל (canonical)
ktav brail (romanization)


Hán tự

[haːn˧˦ tɨ˧˨ʔ]

[haːŋ˦˧˥ tɨ˨˩ʔ]

[haːŋ˦˥ tɨ˨˩˨]

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-Hán tự.wav

Sino-Vietnamese word from 漢字, composed of 漢 (“Han; China”) and 字 (“written character”).
This is one of the cases where a Sino-Vietnamese compound became more widely used in the modern language due to perceived "archaism". In late 19th-early 20th century and current-day Vietnamese, chữ Hán, along with chữ Nho and chữ Tàu, have been the dominant terms for "Chinese characters"; Hán tự, although it was never the dominant term, on the other hand, is probably more used in modern Vietnamese than in older texts due to such perceived "archaism". Even earlier, "Chinese characters" were called simply chữ, while the derived system was called Nôm or Quốc âm (“國音”).

vi-link

Quốc âm (“國音”)


chữ Nôm

head

chữ Nôm • (字喃, 𡨸喃, 𡦂喃)

vi-noun

chữ Nôm • (字喃, 𡨸喃, 𡦂喃)

[t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ nom˧˧]

[t͡ɕɨ˧˨ nom˧˧]

[cɨ˨˩˦ nom˧˧]

chữ (“character”) + Nôm (“vulgar”), Nôm referring to the vernacular language. Nôm originally meant south. See nôm na.

(writing) a historical writing system derived from Chinese characters that was once used to write Vietnamese


хангыль

ru-noun+

хангы́ль • (xangýlʹ) m inan (genitive хангы́ля, uncountable)

хангы́ль (canonical)
xangýlʹ (romanization)
хангы́ля (genitive)
хангы́ль (nominative singular)
хангы́ля (genitive singular)
хангы́лю (dative singular)
хангы́ль (accusative singular)
хангы́лем (instrumental singular)
хангы́ле (prepositional singular)

Borrowed from Korean 한글 (han'geul), from Archaic Korean ᄒᆞᆫ (“great”) + 글 (geul, “script”).


小字

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡siː²²/

/ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sz̩⁵¹/

/siːu̯³⁵ t͡siː²²/


система Брайля

ru-proper noun+

систе́ма Бра́йля • (sistéma Brájlja) f inan (genitive систе́мы Бра́йля)

систе́ма Бра́йля (canonical)
sistéma Brájlja (romanization)
систе́мы Бра́йля (genitive)
систе́ма Бра́йля (nominative singular)
систе́мы Бра́йля (genitive singular)
систе́ме Бра́йля (dative singular)
систе́му Бра́йля (accusative singular)
систе́мой Бра́йля (instrumental singular)
систе́мою Бра́йля (instrumental singular)
систе́ме Бра́йля (prepositional singular)
А
Х
Б
Ц
В
Ч
Г
Ш
Д
Щ
Е
Ъ
Ё
Ы
Ж
Ь
З
Э
И
Ю
Й
Я
К
Capital sign
Л
Number sign
М
Period (.)
Н
Comma (, )
О
Question mark (?)
П
Semicolon (;)
Р
Exclamation mark (!)
С
Opening quote («)
Т
Closing quote (»)
У
Bracket
Ф
Hyphen (-)


aljamiado

From Spanish aljamiado (composed of aljamía + -ado), from Arabic عَجَمِيَّة (ʕajamiyya) or اَلْعَجَمِيَّة (al-ʕajamiyya), from عَجَم (ʕajam, “non-Arabs, esp. Persians”) + ـِي (-ī, “relative adjective (nisba) suffix”) + ـَة (-a, “feminine marker, also used to mark language names or to generally form nouns from the adjectives”).

Aljamiado (alternative)
Aljamia (alternative)
aljamia (alternative)

Text of non-Semitic language, especially European languages, written in Arabic letters.

aljamia

non-Semitic language written in Arabic letters


nuolenpääkirjoitus

nuolenpääkirjoitus (nominative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoitukset (nominative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitus (accusative nominative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoitukset (accusative nominative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksen (accusative genitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoitukset (accusative genitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksen (genitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoitusten (genitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksien (genitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitusta (partitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksia (partitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksessa (inessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksissa (inessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksesta (elative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksista (elative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseen (illative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiin (illative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksella (adessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksilla (adessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukselta (ablative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksilta (ablative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukselle (allative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksille (allative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksena (essive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksina (essive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseksi (singular translative)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiksi (plural translative)
nuolenpääkirjoituksetta (abessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksitta (abessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseni (nominative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseni (nominative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseni (accusative nominative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseni (accusative nominative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseni (accusative genitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseni (accusative genitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseni (genitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoitusteni (genitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksieni (genitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitustani (partitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiani (partitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksessani (inessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksissani (inessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksestani (elative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksistani (elative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseeni (illative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiini (illative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksellani (adessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksillani (adessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseltani (ablative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiltani (ablative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukselleni (allative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksilleni (allative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksenani (essive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksinani (essive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksekseni (singular translative)
nuolenpääkirjoituksikseni (plural translative)
nuolenpääkirjoituksettani (abessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksittani (abessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksineni (comitative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksesi (nominative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksesi (nominative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksesi (accusative nominative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksesi (accusative nominative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksesi (accusative genitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksesi (accusative genitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksesi (genitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoitustesi (genitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiesi (genitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitustasi (partitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiasi (partitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksessasi (inessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksissasi (inessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksestasi (elative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksistasi (elative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseesi (illative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiisi (illative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksellasi (adessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksillasi (adessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseltasi (ablative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiltasi (ablative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksellesi (allative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksillesi (allative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksenasi (essive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksinasi (essive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseksesi (singular translative)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiksesi (plural translative)
nuolenpääkirjoituksettasi (abessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksittasi (abessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksinesi (comitative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksemme (nominative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksemme (nominative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksemme (accusative nominative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksemme (accusative nominative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksemme (accusative genitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksemme (accusative genitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksemme (genitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoitustemme (genitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiemme (genitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitustamme (partitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiamme (partitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksessamme (inessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksissamme (inessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksestamme (elative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksistamme (elative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseemme (illative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiimme (illative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksellamme (adessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksillamme (adessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseltamme (ablative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiltamme (ablative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksellemme (allative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksillemme (allative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksenamme (essive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksinamme (essive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseksemme (singular translative)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiksemme (plural translative)
nuolenpääkirjoituksettamme (abessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksittamme (abessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksinemme (comitative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksenne (nominative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksenne (nominative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksenne (accusative nominative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksenne (accusative nominative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksenne (accusative genitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksenne (accusative genitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksenne (genitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoitustenne (genitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksienne (genitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitustanne (partitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksianne (partitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksessanne (inessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksissanne (inessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksestanne (elative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksistanne (elative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseenne (illative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiinne (illative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksellanne (adessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksillanne (adessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseltanne (ablative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiltanne (ablative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksellenne (allative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksillenne (allative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksenanne (essive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksinanne (essive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseksenne (singular translative)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiksenne (plural translative)
nuolenpääkirjoituksettanne (abessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksittanne (abessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksinenne (comitative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksensa (nominative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksensa (nominative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksensa (accusative nominative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksensa (accusative nominative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksensa (accusative genitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksensa (accusative genitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksensa (genitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoitustensa (genitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiensa (genitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitustaan (partitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoitustansa (partitive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiaan (partitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiansa (partitive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksessaan (inessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksessansa (inessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksissaan (inessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksissansa (inessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksestaan (elative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksestansa (elative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksistaan (elative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksistansa (elative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseensa (illative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiinsa (illative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksellaan (adessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksellansa (adessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksillaan (adessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksillansa (adessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseltaan (ablative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseltansa (ablative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiltaan (ablative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiltansa (ablative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoitukselleen (allative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksellensa (allative singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksilleen (allative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksillensa (allative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksenaan (essive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksenansa (essive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksinaan (essive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksinansa (essive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksekseen (singular translative)
nuolenpääkirjoitukseksensa (singular translative)
nuolenpääkirjoituksikseen (plural translative)
nuolenpääkirjoituksiksensa (plural translative)
nuolenpääkirjoituksettaan (abessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksettansa (abessive singular)
nuolenpääkirjoituksittaan (abessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksittansa (abessive plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksineen (comitative plural)
nuolenpääkirjoituksinensa (comitative plural)

Compound of nuolenpää (“arrowhead”) + kirjoitus (“writing”).


変体仮名

変体仮名 (canonical)
hentaigana (romanization)

Compound of 変体 (hentai, “variant form”) + 仮名 (kana, “the hiragana or katakana syllabaries; a syllabary character”). The kana changes to gana as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

hentaigana: any of the hiragana made obsolete in Meiji-era reforms that enforced having one hiragana for each syllable

the ancestors of modern kana as derived from cursive forms of kanji used phonetically in the Man'yōshū collection of poetry


楔形文字

ja-noun

楔(くさび)形(がた)文(も)字(じ) or 楔(せっ)形(けい)文(も)字(じ) or 楔(けっ)形(けい)文(も)字(じ) • (kusabigata moji or sekkei moji or kekkei moji)

楔形文字 (canonical)
楔形文字 (canonical)
楔形文字 (canonical)
kusabigata moji (romanization)
sekkei moji (romanization)
kekkei moji (romanization)

From 楔形 (kusabigata, sekkei, kekkei, “wedge shape”) + 文字 (moji, “character; script”).


иероглиф

ru-noun+

иероглифи́ческий

иеро́глиф • (ijeróglif) m inan (genitive иеро́глифа, nominative plural иеро́глифы, genitive plural иеро́глифов, relational adjective иероглифи́ческий)

иеро́глиф (canonical)
ijeróglif (romanization)
иеро́глифа (genitive)
иеро́глифы (nominative plural)
иеро́глифов (genitive plural)
иероглифи́ческий (adjective relational)
иеро́глиф (nominative singular)
иеро́глифы (nominative plural)
иеро́глифа (genitive singular)
иеро́глифов (genitive plural)
иеро́глифу (dative singular)
иеро́глифам (dative plural)
иеро́глиф (accusative singular)
иеро́глифы (accusative plural)
иеро́глифом (instrumental singular)
иеро́глифами (instrumental plural)
иеро́глифе (prepositional singular)
иеро́глифах (plural prepositional)
іеро́глифъ (alternative)

(humorous) undecipherable handwriting, inscrutable symbol


lateinisch

de-adj

lateinisch (strong nominative masculine singular lateinischer, not comparable)

lateinischer (masculine nominative singular strong)
lateinisch (masculine predicative singular)
lateinisch (feminine predicative singular)
lateinisch (neuter predicative singular)
lateinisch (plural predicative)
lateinischer (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
lateinische (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
lateinisches (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
lateinische (nominative plural strong without-article)
lateinischen (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
lateinischer (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
lateinischen (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
lateinischer (genitive plural strong without-article)
lateinischem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
lateinischer (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
lateinischem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
lateinischen (dative plural strong without-article)
lateinischen (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
lateinische (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
lateinisches (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
lateinische (accusative plural strong without-article)
der lateinische (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die lateinische (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das lateinische (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die lateinischen (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des lateinischen (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der lateinischen (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des lateinischen (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der lateinischen (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem lateinischen (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der lateinischen (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem lateinischen (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den lateinischen (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den lateinischen (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die lateinische (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das lateinische (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die lateinischen (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein lateinischer (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine lateinische (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein lateinisches (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
lateinischen (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine lateinischen (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines lateinischen (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer lateinischen (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines lateinischen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
lateinischen (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner lateinischen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem lateinischen (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer lateinischen (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem lateinischen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
lateinischen (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen lateinischen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen lateinischen (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine lateinische (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein lateinisches (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
lateinischen (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine lateinischen (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
l. (alternative abbreviation)
lat. (alternative abbreviation)
Lateinisch (alternative obsolete)

From Latein + -isch or from Middle High German latīnisch.

Romance language
Romance language#English

(Switzerland, relational) Latin, Romance (of or pertaining to any speaker of a Romance language, e.g. the French, Italian, Romansh, Spanish or Portuguese peoples)


Zhuyin fuhao

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 注音符號 /注音符号 (zhùyīn fúhào, literally “symbol(s) for annotation of sounds”).

bor

A phonetic alphabet used to transcribe Mandarin for students of that language and for inputting Chinese, now used primarily only in Taiwan. Variants also exist for other Chinese lects spoken in Taiwan.

注音符号

ちゅういんふごう, chūin fugō, ちゅうおんふごう, chūon fugō


ތާނަ

head

ތާނަ • (tāna)

Thaana, the phonemic script used to write the Dhivehi language


ανάγλυφη γραφή

ανάγλυφη γραφή

ανάγλυφη γραφή • (anáglyfi grafí) f (uncountable)

el-noun

ανάγλυφη γραφή


Lontara

A syllabary used in writing the Buginese language.


Armenisch

de-proper noun

Armenisch n (proper noun, language name, genitive Armenisch or Armenischs, alternative nominative (used with the definite article) Armenische, alternative genitive Armenischen, no plural)

Armenisch (genitive)
Armenischs (genitive)
Armenische (alternative nominative)
Armenischen (alternative genitive)

de:Armenisches Alphabet
de:armenische Sprache


Linear B

Named by British archaeologist Arthur Evans, to distinguish it from the other linear script, Linear A.

(archaeology, linguistics) A syllabary used to write Mycenaean Greek in the second millennium BC, before the invention of the Greek alphabet.


Linear A

Named by British archaeologist Arthur Evans, to distinguish it from the other linear script, Linear B.

(archaeology, linguistics) A syllabary used to write the as-yet-undeciphered Minoan language, and an apparent predecessor to other scripts, such as Linear B.


Lateinisch

Lateinisch n (proper noun, language name, genitive Lateinisch or Lateinischs, alternative nominative (used with the definite article) Lateinische, alternative genitive Lateinischen, no plural)

Lateinisch (genitive)
Lateinischs (genitive)
Lateinische (alternative nominative)
Lateinischen (alternative genitive)
Lateinisch (nominative singular usually-without-article)
Lateinische (definite nominative singular)
Lateinisch (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Lateinischs (genitive singular usually-without-article)
Lateinischen (definite genitive singular)
Lateinisch (dative singular usually-without-article)
Lateinischen (dative definite singular)
Lateinisch (accusative singular usually-without-article)
Lateinische (accusative definite singular)
lateinisch (alternative)


ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ

pa-proper noun

ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ • (shāhmukhī) f (Shahmukhi spelling شاہ مکھی)

shāhmukhī (romanization)
شاہ مکھی (Shahmukhi)

[ʃaːɦᵊmʊkʰiː]

From ਸ਼ਾਹ (śāh, “king”) + ਮੁਖ (mukh, “mouth”) + -ਈ (-ī, “adjective suffix”).

com

Shahmukhi, a Perso-Arabic script used by Muslims for writing Punjabi.


شاہ مکھی

pa-proper noun

شاہ مکھی • (shāhmukhī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)

shāhmukhī (romanization)
ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ (Gurmukhi)

Compound of شاہ (śāh) + مُکھی (mukhī), literally, “from the king's mouth”. Semantic imitation of گُرمُکھی (gurmukhī).


ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ

ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ • (gurmukhī) f (Shahmukhi spelling گرمکھی)

gurmukhī (romanization)
گرمکھی (Shahmukhi)

[ɡʊɾᵊmʊkʰiː]

Pa-ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ.ogg

Literally "from the guru's mouth," from ਗੁਰੂ (gurū) + ਮੁਖ (mukh) + -ਈ (-ī).

Gurmukhi, the Punjabi alphabet used by Sikhs.


گرمکھی

گرمکھی • (gurmukhī) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ)

gurmukhī (romanization)
ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ (Gurmukhi)


デーヴァナーガリー

ja-pos

デーヴァナーガリー • (Dēvanāgarī)

[de̞ːba̠na̠ːɡa̠ɾʲiː]

From Sanskrit देवनागरी (devanāgarī), compound of देव (deva, “deity, divine”) + नगर (nagara, “town, city”).

Devanagari (abugida alphabet of India and Nepal)

ja:デーヴァナーガリー


Georgisch

de-proper noun

Georgisch n (proper noun, language name, genitive Georgisch or Georgischs, alternative nominative (used with the definite article) Georgische, alternative genitive Georgischen, no plural)

Georgisch (genitive)
Georgischs (genitive)
Georgische (alternative nominative)
Georgischen (alternative genitive)

de:Georgisches Alphabet
de:georgische Sprache

Georgian (the language of the country of Georgia)

Georgian (the alphabet of this language)


кандзи

ru-noun

кандзи́ • (kandzí) m inan (indeclinable)

кандзи́ (canonical)
kandzí (romanization)


хирагана

Borrowed from Japanese 平仮名(ひらがな) (hiragana).


хирагана

ru-noun+

хира́гана or хирага́на • (xirágana or xiragána) f inan (genitive хира́ганы or хирага́ны, uncountable)

хира́гана (canonical)
хирага́на (canonical)
xirágana (romanization)
xiragána (romanization)
хира́ганы (genitive)
хирага́ны (genitive)
хира́гана (nominative singular)
хирага́на (nominative singular)
хира́ганы (genitive singular)
хирага́ны (genitive singular)
хира́гане (dative singular)
хирага́не (dative singular)
хира́гану (accusative singular)
хирага́ну (accusative singular)
хира́ганой (instrumental singular)
хира́ганою (instrumental singular)
хирага́ной (instrumental singular)
хирага́ною (instrumental singular)
хира́гане (prepositional singular)
хирага́не (prepositional singular)

[xʲɪˈraɡənə]

[xʲɪrɐˈɡanə]


катакана

ката́кана or катака́на • (katákana or katakána) f inan (genitive ката́каны or катака́ны, uncountable)

ката́кана (canonical)
катака́на (canonical)
katákana (romanization)
katakána (romanization)
ката́каны (genitive)
катака́ны (genitive)
ката́кана (nominative singular)
катака́на (nominative singular)
ката́каны (genitive singular)
катака́ны (genitive singular)
ката́кане (dative singular)
катака́не (dative singular)
ката́кану (accusative singular)
катака́ну (accusative singular)
ката́каной (instrumental singular)
ката́каною (instrumental singular)
катака́ной (instrumental singular)
катака́ною (instrumental singular)
ката́кане (prepositional singular)
катака́не (prepositional singular)


cuneiforme

Learned borrowing from Latin cuneifōrmis (“cuneiform”).


ハングル

[hã̠ŋɡɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

(proscribed, nonstandard) the Korean language


Tibetan script

An abugida writing system of Indic origin used to write Tibetan as well as Dzongkha, Ladakhi, and sometimes Balti.


دوناگری

[d̪e.væ.nɒː.ɡʲæ.ɹíː]

دیواناگری دیواناگری#Persian

alternative spelling of دیواناگری (“Devanagari”)


Thaana

The modern writing system of the Dhivehi language spoken in the Maldives.


Limbu

Their Tibeto-Burman language, written in a unique script.


Kaithi

Borrowed from Hindi कैथी (kaithī). Doublet of Kayasthi.

Kayathi (alternative)
Kythee (alternative obsolete)

A script historically used in parts of North India to write legal and administrative records.


dewanagari

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit देवनागरी (devanāgarī), a compound of देव (deva) + नगर (nagara).


деванагари

ru-noun

девана́гари • (dɛvanágari) n inan (indeclinable)

девана́гари (canonical)
dɛvanágari (romanization)

[dɨvɐˈnaɡərʲɪ]

Borrowed from Sanskrit देवनागरी (devánāgarī).

bor+

ru:деванагари


арабица

ru-noun+

ара́бица • (arábica) f (genitive ара́бицы, uncountable)

ара́бица (canonical)
arábica (romanization)
ара́бицы (genitive)
ара́бица (nominative singular)
ара́бицы (genitive singular)
ара́бице (dative singular)
ара́бицу (accusative singular)
ара́бицей (instrumental singular)
ара́бицею (instrumental singular)
ара́бице (prepositional singular)

ru:арабское письмо


арабица

ара̀бица (canonical feminine)
aràbica (romanization)
арабица (nominative singular)
арабице (nominative plural)
арабице (genitive singular)
арабица (genitive plural)
арабици (dative singular)
арабицама (dative plural)
арабицу (accusative singular)
арабице (accusative plural)
арабице (singular vocative)
арабице (plural vocative)
арабици (locative singular)
арабицама (locative plural)
арабицом (instrumental singular)
арабицама (instrumental plural)
арѐбица (alternative)

A form of the Perso-Arabic script once used to write Serbo-Croatian.


brajlo

brajlon (accusative)
Brajlo (alternative)


Brailleschrift

de-noun

Brailleschrift f (genitive Brailleschrift, plural Brailleschriften)

Brailleschrift (genitive)
Brailleschriften (plural)
Brailleschrift (nominative singular)
Brailleschriften (definite nominative plural)
Brailleschrift (genitive singular)
Brailleschriften (definite genitive plural)
Brailleschrift (dative singular)
Brailleschriften (dative definite plural)
Brailleschrift (accusative singular)
Brailleschriften (accusative definite plural)

/ˈbʁaːjəʃʁɪft/

From Braille + Schrift (“alphabet”), named after Louis Braille.

Braille (system of writing using raised dots)


Cham

The Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by these people.


가타카나

gatakana (romanization)
가타가나 (alternative)
카타카나 (alternative)
카타가나 (alternative)