Japan

> Afrikaans: Japan (inherited)

→ Arabic: اليابان (al-yābān)

desctree

→ Danish: Japan
→ Faroese: Japan
→ Icelandic: Japan

⇒ English: Japan, Giapan (obsolete), Japonia (obsolete), Japon (obsolete)
> Tok Pisin: Siapan (inherited)
→ Bengali: জাপান (japan)
→ Burmese: ဂျပန် (gya.pan)
→ Gujarati: જાપાન (jāpān)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: जापान (jāpān)
→ Dhivehi: ޖާފާނު (jāfānu)
Urdu: جاپان (jāpān)
→ Irish: Seapáin
→ Japanese: ジャパン
→ Marathi: जपान (japān)
→ Marshallese: Jepaan
→ Persian:
Dari: جَاپَان (jāpān)
⇒ Samoan: Iapani
→ Tamil: ஜப்பான் (jappāṉ)
→ Telugu: జపాను (japānu)
→ Welsh: Japan
→ Welsh: Siapan
→ Yoruba: Jèpáànì

→ German: Japan
→ Estonian: Jaapan
→ Finnish: Japani
→ Hungarian: Japán
→ Ladin: Iapan
→ Latvian: Japāna
→ Norwegian: Japan
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: Јапан
Latin script: Japan
→ Yiddish: יאַפּאַן (yapan)
→ Hebrew: יפן (yapan)

→ Swedish: Japan

→ West Frisian: Japan

From Malay Jepang, from Hokkien 日本 (Ji̍t-pún), from Middle Chinese 日本 (nyit pwon^X, literally “sun origin”).

der

Japan (a country and archipelago of East Asia)


Finland

nl-proper noun

Finland n (adjective Fins or Finlands, demonym Fin m or Finlander m or Finse f or Finlandse f)

Fins (adjective)
Finlands (adjective)
Fin (demonym masculine)
Finlander (demonym masculine)
Finse (demonym feminine)
Finlandse (demonym feminine)
Finlandt (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed and first attested in the 16th century Dutch translation of Olaus Magnus Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus by Cornelius Grapheus, but whether it was borrowed from Latin or a Germanic translation, e.g. Swedish, Low German or High German, is uncertain.


Cyprus

Cyprus n (adjective Cypriotisch, demonym Cyprioot m or Cypriotische f)

Cypriotisch (adjective)
Cyprioot (demonym masculine)
Cypriotische (demonym feminine)

→ Indonesian: Siprus

Ultimately from Latin Cyprus, from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan (a country in Central Asia)


Roemenië

Roemenië n (adjective Roemeens, demonym Roemeen m or Roemeense f)

Roemeens (adjective)
Roemeen (demonym masculine)
Roemeense (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Roemenië


Toscane

administrative region
administrative region

Tuscany (an administrative region of Italy, located north of Lazio and south of Emilia-Romagna)


Rome

Afrikaans: Rome

* (capital of Italy) From Middle Dutch Rome.
* (Maasdriel) First attested as Rome in 1830-1855. Named after the Italian city, allegedly because many Roman artefacts were found there.

(historical) Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)


Polen

Polen n (adjective Pools, demonym Pool m or Poolse f)

Pools (adjective)
Pool (demonym masculine)
Poolse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Pole

From Middle Dutch Polen, related to older Polanen.
The hamlet is first attested as Polen in 1899. It is named after the country.

a hamlet in Eemsdelta, Groningen, Netherlands


Keulen

From Middle Dutch Cuelen, Coelen, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Latin Colōnia (literally “colony”), from Colōnia Agrippīna.

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Cologne (the largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany)


Estland

Estland n (adjective Ests, demonym Est m or Estse f)

Ests (adjective)
Est (demonym masculine)
Estse (demonym feminine)

Estonia (a country in northeastern Europe, on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea)


Damascus

From Middle Dutch damascus, from Latin Damascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from a Semitic language.

Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)


Engeland

* (Drenthe) First attested as Engellant in 1811-1813. Derived from Middle Dutch engelant (“pasture, grassland”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Engelaand.
* (Apeldoorn) First attested as englandi in 801. Compound of eng (“pasture, acreage”) and Old Dutch landi (“land”). A local toponymic legend holds that the name is derived from an ancient jury court "in the English style" that is supposed to have convened in the village. There is no historical evidence for the existence of such a court.
* (Oldebroek) First attested as ENGELAND in 1843. Derived from Middle Dutch engelant (“pasture, grassland”).
* (Dalfsen) First attested as ENGELAND in 1843. Derived from Middle Dutch engelant (“pasture, grassland”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Engelaand.
* (Hardenberg) First attested as ENGELAND in 1843. Derived from Middle Dutch engelant (“pasture, grassland”).

inh

/ˈɛ.ŋəˌlɑnt/

a hamlet in De Wolden, Drenthe, Netherlands


Montenegro

nl-proper noun

Montenegro n (adjective Montenegrijns, demonym Montenegrijn m or Montenegrijnse f)

Montenegrijns (adjective)
Montenegrijn (demonym masculine)
Montenegrijnse (demonym feminine)

Borrowed from Italian Montenegro, it in turn being a calque of Serbo-Croatian Cȓnā Gòra.

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Luik

From Middle Dutch Lûdeke. Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Germanic *liudiz (“people”).


Corsica

Corsica (an island, department, and administrative region of France, in the Mediterranean to the north of Sardinia)


Lapland

Compound of Lap (“Lapp, Laplander”) + land (“country”).


Libanon

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Aken

Afrikaans: Aken


Tiber

Tiber, the river that flows through Rome in Italy.


Frankrijk

nl-proper noun

Frankrijk n (adjective Frans, demonym Fransman m or Franse f or Française f)

Frans (adjective)
Fransman (demonym masculine)
Franse (demonym feminine)
Française (demonym feminine)
Franckrijk (alternative)
Frankryk (alternative)
Vrankryk (alternative)
Vranckrijk (alternative)
Vrankrijk (alternative)

Afrikaans: Frankryk

From Middle Dutch Vrankerike. By surface analysis, Frank + rijk.
The hamlet in Friesland is named after the country. It may have been originally the name of a field owned by the Frankena family, with the name Frankrijk being applied as a humorous reference to the property. See also Dutch Low Saxon Fraankriek and West Frisian Frankryk.
The hamlet in Gelderland is first attested as franckryk in 1401. Named after the country. Formerly an independent hamlet.

a hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands


Schotland

Afrikaans: Skotland

From Middle Dutch Schotlant. By surface analysis, Schot + land.

Scotland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Spanje

Spanje n (adjective Spaans, demonym Spanjaard m or Spaanse f)

Spaans (adjective)
Spanjaard (demonym masculine)
Spaanse (demonym feminine)

> Afrikaans: Spanje (inherited)

Ultimately from Latin Hispānia, possibly from Punic [Term?].

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Ierland

Ierland n (adjective Iers, demonym Ier m or Ierse f)

Iers (adjective)
Ier (demonym masculine)
Ierse (demonym feminine)

From Middle Dutch Ierlant, equivalent to Ier + land.

Ireland (an island and country in northwestern Europe)


IJsland

IJsland n (adjective IJslands, demonym IJslander m or IJslandse f)

IJslands (adjective)
IJslander (demonym masculine)
IJslandse (demonym feminine)

North Atlantic Ocean
North Atlantic Ocean#English

Iceland (an island and country in the North Atlantic Ocean in Europe)


Noorwegen

Noorwegen n (adjective Noors, demonym Noor m or Noorse f)

Noors (adjective)
Noor (demonym masculine)
Noorse (demonym feminine)

Norway (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)


Letland

Letland n (adjective Lets, demonym Let m or Letse f)

Lets (adjective)
Let (demonym masculine)
Letse (demonym feminine)

Latvia (a country in northeastern Europe)


Zweden

Zweden n (adjective Zweeds, demonym Zweed m or Zweedse f)

Zweeds (adjective)
Zweed (demonym masculine)
Zweedse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Swede

Sweden (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)


Wit-Rusland

Wit-Rusland n (adjective Wit-Russisch, demonym Wit-Rus m or Wit-Russin f or Wit-Russische f)

Wit-Russisch (adjective)
Wit-Rus (demonym masculine)
Wit-Russin (demonym feminine)
Wit-Russische (demonym feminine)

→ Afrikaans: Wit-Rusland

From wit (“white”) + Rusland (“Russia”), a calque of Russian Белору́ссия (Belorússija). Cognate with German Weißrussland, English White Russia, Faroese Hvítarussland, Swedish Vitryssland among others.


Oekraïne

nl-proper noun

Oekraïne n or f (adjective Oekraïens, demonym Oekraïner m or Oekraïense f)

Oekraïens (adjective)
Oekraïner (demonym masculine)
Oekraïense (demonym feminine)
Oekraïene (alternative dated)
Oekraine (alternative dated)
Ukraine (alternative obsolete)
Ukraïne (alternative dated)

Afrikaans: Oekraïne

Borrowing, probably from French. First attested as Ukraine in the 17th century.

Den koningh van Polen, ſoo men vermoed, is den Nieper-ſtroom gepaſſeert, alwaer ſich met de Littauwſe Armee ſal conjungeren, en alſo een attentaet op de Stadt Kiow doen; veele zijn verwondert, dat ſich ſijne Majeſt. met een ſlechte en qualick gediſciplineerde Armee, ſoo diep inde Ukraine, en ſoo naer aen des vyants Landt waeght, door dien de Coſacken qualick te vertrouwen zijn.

1663 November 20, “Poolen, Pruyssen, &c.”, in Tydinge uyt verscheyde Quartieren, number 48, page 2:

The king of Poland, as people suspect, has passed the course of the Dnieper, where he will join up with the Lithuanian army, and thus will make an attack on the city of Kyiv; many people are surprised that His Majesty ventures so far into the Ukraine with a bad and badly disciplined army, and so close to enemy territory, because the Cossacks cannot be trusted.

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Zwitserland

Zwitserland n (adjective Zwitsers, demonym Zwitser m or Zwitserse f)

Zwitsers (adjective)
Zwitser (demonym masculine)
Zwitserse (demonym feminine)
Switserland (alternative obsolete)
Switserlant (alternative obsolete)
Zwitserlant (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: Switserland

Compound of Zwitser (“Swiss person”) + land.

Helvetische Republiek
Helvetische Republiek#Dutch

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe; official name: Helvetische Republiek)


Litouwen

Litouwen n (adjective Litouws, demonym Litouwer m or Litouwse f)

Litouws (adjective)
Litouwer (demonym masculine)
Litouwse (demonym feminine)

Lithuania (a country in northeastern Europe)


Hongarije

Hongarije n (adjective Hongaars, demonym Hongaar m or Hongaarse f)

Hongaars (adjective)
Hongaar (demonym masculine)
Hongaarse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Hongarye

/ˌɦɔŋ.ɣaːˈrɛi̯.(j)ə/


Albanië

Albanië n (adjective Albanees or Albaans, demonym Albanees m or Albanese f)

Albanees (adjective)
Albaans (adjective)
Albanees (demonym masculine)
Albanese (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Albanië

Indonesian: Albania


Kroatië

Kroatië n (adjective Kroatisch, demonym Kroaat m or Kroatische f)

Kroatisch (adjective)
Kroaat (demonym masculine)
Kroatische (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Kroasië

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Denemarken

First attested as Denemarcket, Denemarckt and Denemarken in the 16th century. Potentially a compound of Dutch Low Saxon deen (“rough terrain”) and Old Frisian merke (“boundary, march, undivided communal lands”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Denmaark.

der

a hamlet in Midden-Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


Kopenhagen

/ˌkoːpənˈɦaːɣən/

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Parijs

From Middle Dutch Parijs, from Old French Paris.

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


Brazilië

From Portuguese Brasil + -ië, with the suffix likely under the influence of German Brasilien.

Brazil (a large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Argentinië

Ultimately from Latin argentum (“silver”).


Algerije

/ˌɑl.ɣəˈrɛi̯.ə/


Tunesië

Afrikaans: Tunisië


Slovenië

nl-proper noun

Slovenië n (adjective Sloveens, demonym Sloveen m or Sloveense f)

Sloveens (adjective)
Sloveen (demonym masculine)
Sloveense (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Slowenië

From Slovene Slovenija, possibly by way of an intermediary. By surface analysis, Sloveen + -ië.

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Macedonië

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Μακεδονία (Makedonía).

Macedonia (a geographic region in Southeast Europe in the Balkans, including North Macedonia and parts of Greece, Bulgaria, Albania and Serbia)

(historical) Macedonia (an ancient Greek kingdom in Southeast Europe)

Macedonia (former name of North Macedonia: a country in Southeast Europe in the Balkans)

Bulgarian Macedonia
Bulgarian Macedonia#English

Macedonia (a geographic region in southwestern Bulgaria; in full, Pirin Macedonia or Bulgarian Macedonia)


Mongolië

(chiefly historical) Mongolia (a Mongolian-speaking geographic region in East Asia, including the country of Mongolia (Outer Mongolia), the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia in China, and sometimes also Buryatia, Tuva and the Altai Republic in Russia)


Georgië

(dated) Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Bosnië en Herzegovina

Bosnië en Herzegovina n (adjective Bosnisch, demonym Bosniër m or Bosnische f)

Bosnisch (adjective)
Bosniër (demonym masculine)
Bosnische (demonym feminine)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Griekenland

Griekenland n (adjective Grieks, demonym Griek m or Griekse f)

Grieks (adjective)
Griek (demonym masculine)
Griekse (demonym feminine)
Griekeland (alternative obsolete)
Griekelandt (alternative obsolete)
Griekelant (alternative obsolete)
Griekenlandt (alternative obsolete)
Griekenlant (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: Griekeland

From Middle Dutch Griekenlant, from Old Dutch Grieklant. Equivalent to Griek (“Greek, Greek person”) + -en- + land (“land, country”).


Jordanië

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Nieuw-Zeeland

→ English: New Zealand (calque) (see there for further descendants)

New Zealand (a country and archipelago of Oceania, to the east of Australia)


Armenië

Armenia (a country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Kameroen

Afrikaans: Kameroen

→ Indonesian: Kamerun


Kaapverdië

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


Moldavië

nl-proper noun

Moldavië n (adjective Moldavisch, demonym Moldaviër m or Moldavische f)

Moldavisch (adjective)
Moldaviër (demonym masculine)
Moldavische (demonym feminine)


Ethiopië

Afrikaans: Ethiopië

→ Indonesian: Etiopia


Indonesië

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


Koeweit

Kuwait (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Slowakije

Slowakije n (adjective Slowaaks, demonym Slowaak m or Slowaakse f)

Slowaaks (adjective)
Slowaak (demonym masculine)
Slowaakse (demonym feminine)
Slovakije (alternative)

Afrikaans: Slowakye

[ˌsloʊ̯.ʋaːˈkæɪ̯.jə]


Somalië

Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


Saoedi-Arabië

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Soedan

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


Syrië

Ultimately from Latin Syria, from Ancient Greek Συρίᾱ (Suríā), ultimately from Akkadian 𒀸𒋩 (Aššur, “Assur”).

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Turkije

Turkije n (adjective Turks, demonym Turk m or Turkse f)

Turks (adjective)
Turk (demonym masculine)
Turkse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Turkye

Southeastern Europe
Southeastern Europe#English

Turkey (a country located in Eastern Thrace in Southeastern Europe and Anatolia in western Asia)


Equatoriaal-Guinea

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English:_Q983

Equatorial Guinea (a country in Central Africa)


Egypte

Afrikaans: Egipte

Jersey Dutch: Jâpten

From Middle Dutch Egypten, ultimately from Latin Aegyptus, from Ancient Greek Αἴγυπτος (Aíguptos), ultimately from Egyptian ḥwt-kꜣ-ptḥ.
The hamlet in Achtkarspelen is named after the country. It may have been named for its remote location or because of the presence of Roma in the area.
The hamlet in Ooststellingwerf is named after the country. The name may have originally belonged to a farmhouse.
The hamlet in Limburg is first attested in 1958 as Egypte. It is named after the country.
The hamlet in Noord-Brabant is first attested in 1863 as Egypte. It is named after the country.

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Ivoorkust

Ivory Coast, Côte d'Ivoire (a country in West Africa)


Catalonië

autonomous community
autonomous community

Catalonia (an autonomous community in northeast Spain)


Nieuw-Caledonië

New Caledonia (an archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania)


Bethlehem

From Latin Bēthlehēmum, Bēthleëm, from Ancient Greek Βηθλεέμ (Bēthleém), from Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (bet léchem, “house of bread”).
The hamlet is first attested as Bethlehem in 1502 and is named after a former monastery, which was named in turn after the city in Palestine.

der

a hamlet in Het Hogeland, Groningen, Netherlands


Australië

nl-proper noun

Australië n (adjective Australisch, demonym Australiër m or Australische f)

Australisch (adjective)
Australiër (demonym masculine)
Australische (demonym feminine)

Australia (a country consisting of a main island, the island of Tasmania and other smaller islands, located in Oceania; historically, a collection of former colonies of the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the land on the Australian tectonic plate, i.e. Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Jericho

Jericho (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Genua

Genoa (the capital city of Liguria, Italy)

Genoa (a metropolitan city of Liguria, Italy)


Berlijn

Perhaps borrowed from German Berlin. Insofar as the name has undergone diphthongisation it must be of some age; hence possibly inherited from Middle Dutch [Term?], from Middle Low German [Term?]. The city was of relevance since circa 1250.

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)

Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)

a settlement and former plantation in Para, Suriname


Jutland

Jutland (a cultural region and peninsula in northwestern Europe, consisting of the mainland part of Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein, which is part of Germany)


Lissabon

Ultimately from Arabic لِشْبُونَة (lišbūna), from Latin Olisipo, further etymology uncertain.


Warschau

→ Afrikaans: Warschau


Kreta

Crete (Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea)


Mekka

Mecca (a large city in the Hejaz, Saudi Arabia, the holiest place in Islam)


Baskenland

Compound of Bask (“Basque”) + -en- + land (“country”).

com

Basque Country
Basque Country#English:_Q3995

Basque Country (an autonomous community in northern Spain)


Tasmanië

Tasmania (an island group and state of Australia; a former British colony, from 1856 to 1901)


Tsjechië

nl-proper noun

Tsjechië n (adjective Tsjechisch, demonym Tsjech m or Tsjechische f)

Tsjechisch (adjective)
Tsjech (demonym masculine)
Tsjechische (demonym feminine)

desc

Afrikaans: Tsjeggië, Tsjeggiese Republiek.

Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe)


Athene

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀθήνη (Athḗnē) and Ἀθῆναι (Athênai).

Athena (ancient Greek goddess of wisdom, craft and war)


Sardinië

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Kaukasus

Caucasus (mountain range, geographic region)


Filipijnen

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


Galicië

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Gallicia, from Classical Latin Gallaecia, from Gallaecī (“a tribe in the region”).

Galicia (a former kingdom and autonomous community in northwestern Spain)


Seoel

From Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”).


Venetië

From Middle Dutch Venegien. Equivalent to Veneet + -ië.


Galilea

From Medieval Latin Galilea, from Ancient Greek Γᾰλῑλαίᾱ (Gălīlaíā), from Hebrew גָּלִיל (galíl).
The hamlet was named after a former monastery.

Galilee (a mountainous geographic region in northern Israel)


Praag

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Azerbeidzjan

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus in Asia and Europe)


Servië

nl-proper noun

Servië n (adjective Servisch, demonym Serviër m or Servische f)

Servisch (adjective)
Serviër (demonym masculine)
Servische (demonym feminine)

Ultimately from Serbo-Croatian Srbija. By surface analysis, Serf + -ië.

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Karelië

Karelia (a historical region of Northern Europe, located to the north of Saint Petersburg and politically split between Russia and Finland)

Karelia (a republic and federal subject of Russia)


Beiroet

From Middle Dutch baruth, later modified under influence of Arabic بَيْرُوت (bayrūt).


Moskou

The hamlet is first attested as Moscou in 1899. Originally the name of a farm separated by a canal from Petersburg.

a hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands


Jeruzalem

The neighbourhood is named after the city. The name was given in reference to the neighbourhood's white houses, which are vaguely reminiscent of houses in Jerusalem.

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

a neighbourhood of Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands


Dalmatië

From Middle Dutch dalmatien, from Latin Dalmatia.

Dalmatia (a historical region of Croatia, on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea)

(historical) Dalmatia (a province of the Roman Empire)


Sicilië

Ultimately from Latin Sicilia, from Ancient Greek Σικελία (Sikelía).

Sicily (the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily)


Silezië

Borrowed from German Schlesien, subsequently altered under influence of Latin Silesia.

Silesia (a cultural region of Central Europe, now chiefly in Poland, with small portions in the Czech Republic and Germany, from early modernity until 1945 predominantly German-speaking with Slavic-speaking minorities (and local majorities))


Beieren

Bavaria (a historic region, former duchy, former kingdom, and modern state of Germany; the modern state includes parts of historical Swabia and Franconia as well as historical Bavaria)


Saksen

Saxen (alternative)
Sassen (alternative archaic)

Saxony (a state of modern Germany, located in the east, far from historical Saxon lands)


Noordrijn-Westfalen

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia


Sint-Petersburg

Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg#English:_Q656

Saint Petersburg (a federal city of Russia, known between 1914 and 1924 as Petrograd and between 1924 and 1991 as Leningrad; the former capital of Russia, from 1713–1728 and 1732–1918)


Scandinavië

Scandinavia (a geographic region of Northern Europe, consisting of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden collectively and sometimes Finland, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands)

Scandinavian Peninsula
Scandinavian Peninsula#English

Scandinavia (a peninsula in Northern Europe, consisting of Norway, Sweden and most of northern Finland; in full, Scandinavian Peninsula)


Micronesië

From Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”) en νῆσος (nêsos, “island”).

Micronesia (a country consisting of about 2000 islands in the Micronesia region)


Zuid-Soedan

South Sudan (a country in East Africa, formerly the southern part of Sudan)


Umbrië

Umbria (an administrative region in central Italy)


Rijsel

From Middle Dutch risele, presumably from an older unattested *isele, a calque of Old French isle (“island”).
Like its French counterpart Lille, the name was rebracketed: The phrase ter isele (“at the islet”) was reinterpreted as te risele (“at Rijsel”).

(chiefly Belgium) Lille (the departmental capital of Nord department, France; the regional capital of Hauts-de-France)


Tsjetsjenië

Chechnya (a republic and federal subject of Russia, in the northern Caucasus)


Elsenfors

(obsolete) Helsinki (the capital city of Finland)


Frans-Polynesië

French Polynesia
French Polynesia#English

French Polynesia (an archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania)


Karpaten

Carpathians (a mountain range in Central Europe and Eastern Europe)


Oerle

* (Veldhoven) First attested as oerle in 1249. Compound of Old Dutch or (“sand mixed with gravel”) and lo (“light forest”). Compare Oirschot and Olen.
* (Tilburg) First attested as een stede gheheyten oerle in 1418. Compound of Old Dutch or (“sand mixed with gravel”) and lo (“light forest”). Compare Oirschot and Olen.

a village and former municipality of Veldhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands

a neighbourhood of Tilburg, North Brabant, Netherlands


Bettenhoven

biet (“beet”) + hoven, plural of hof (“farm”), corresponding to German Beethoven.


Nodevoorde

Contains the toponymic element voorde (“ford”); compare the French name Noduwez, which contains a by-form of gué (“ford”).


Oorbeek

Oorbeek, a village in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant

Orbais, a village in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant


Opgeldenaken

Jodoigne-Souveraine, a village in Belgium


Neerbeek

* (Limburg) First attested as nederbeke in 1225. Compound of neder (“lower”) and beek (“brook, stream”). So named to distinguish the settlement from Beek. See also Limburgish Nirbik.


Bevekom

Derived from Old Dutch Babo (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ing- and hēm (“home, settlement”).


Waver

The hamlet in the Netherlands is first attested as wauere in 1217. The toponym is derived from the name of a forest, which derives in turn from a term cognate to German wabern (“undulate, waft”) and English waver. Compare Weiver, Waver, Waverley, Waverton and Wavertree.

a hamlet in Ouder-Amstel, North Holland, Netherlands


Doornik

(Lingewaard) First attested as apud tornacum towards the end of the 11th century. Etymology uncertain. Potentially a relic from a pre-Germanic substrate language. It is unlikely that the toponym is derived from Doornik in Belgium or from a Celtic word with an -acum suffix. Compare Indoornik.

a hamlet in Lingewaard, Gelderland, Netherlands


Danswijk

* (neighbourhood) Compound of dans (“dance”) and wijk (“neighbourhood, quarter”). The neighbourhood's streets are named after various ballet dancers.

a neighbourhood of Almere, Flevoland, Netherlands


Samenland

Compound of Same (“Sami”) + -n- + land (“country”).