oko

pl-noun

oko n (diminutive oczko, augmentative oczysko)

oczko (diminutive)
oczysko (augmentative)
oko (nominative singular)
oczy (nominative plural)
oka (genitive singular)
oczu (genitive plural)
ócz (genitive plural)
oczów (genitive plural)
oku (dative singular)
oczom (dative plural)
oko (accusative singular)
oczy (accusative plural)
okiem (instrumental singular)
oczami (instrumental plural)
oczyma (instrumental plural)
oku (locative singular)
oczach (locative plural)
oko (singular vocative)
oczy (plural vocative)

czego oczy nie widzą, tego sercu nie żal

źdźbło w oku bliźniego widzisz, a belki w swoim nie dostrzegasz

(countable) eye (manner of seeing that expresses one's emotions i.e. through art)

(Middle Polish) eye (colorful circle on a peacock's tail)


oko

oko (nominative singular)
oka (nominative plural)
oka (genitive singular)
ok (genitive plural)
oku (dative singular)
okom (dative plural)
oko (accusative singular)
oka (accusative plural)
okiem (instrumental singular)
okami (instrumental plural)
oku (locative singular)
okach (locative plural)
oko (singular vocative)
oka (plural vocative)

(uncountable, sailing, colloquial) observation duty on the bow of a ship


plough

→ Fiji Hindi: falaawaa

From Middle English plouh, plow, plugh(e), plough(e), plouw, from Old English plōh (“hide of land, ploughland”) and Old Norse plógr (“plough (the implement)”), both from Proto-Germanic *plōgaz, *plōguz (“plough”). Cognate with Scots pleuch, plou, North Frisian plog, West Frisian ploech, Low German Ploog, Dutch ploeg, Russian плуг (plug), German Pflug, Danish plov, Swedish and Norwegian plog, Icelandic plógur. Replaced Old English sulh (“plough, furrow”); see sullow.

der

Meronyms: ploughshare, plowshare, share, moldboard, mouldboard, coulter, colter, jointer, chisel, ploughbeam, beam, ploughstaff, staff, hake

The horse-drawn plough had a tremendous impact on agriculture.

The central theme of low-till agriculture is that the plough is not always necessary and that it should be used only when truly appropriate.

(agriculture) A device pulled through the ground in order to break it open into furrows for planting.

c. 1350, Geoffrey Chaucer (attributed), The Tale of Gamelyn
Johan, mine eldest son, shall have plowes five.

Alternative form of ploughland, an alternative name for a carucate or hide.


plough

en-verb

plough (third-person singular simple present ploughs, present participle ploughing, simple past and past participle ploughed)

ploughs (present singular third-person)
ploughing (participle present)
ploughed (participle past)
ploughed (past)
plow (alternative US)

I've still got to plough that field.

That there is and from time immemorial has been within that part of the parish called Mablethorpe St. Mary's a laudable custom that, if any outdweller take ancient pasture ground, he shall pay a modus of 4d. an acre, and so in proportion, on the 1st of August, in lieu of all manner of tithe; and that if any of the ancient pasture be once ploughed up or meadowed, it shall, when restored to pasture again, pay 4d. the acre in the hands of such outdweller.

1917, The English Reports: Exchequer, page 789:

(transitive) To use a plough on soil to prepare for planting.

ploeg

(bookbinding) To trim, or shave off the edges of, as a book or paper, with a plough.


bushel

From Middle English busshel, from Old French boissel, from boisse, a grain measure based on Gaulish *bostyā (“handful”), from Proto-Celtic *bostā (“palm, fist”) (compare Breton boz (“hollow of the hand”), Old Irish bas), from Proto-Indo-European *gwost-, *gwosdʰ- (“branch”).

The quarter, bushel, and peck are nearly universal measures of corn.

1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 207:

(historical) A dry measure, containing four pecks, eight gallons, or thirty-two quarts; equivalent in volume to approximately 0.0364 cubic meters (imperial bushel) or 0.0352 cubic meters (U.S. bushel).


bushel

nb-noun

bushel m (definite singular bushelen, indefinite plural bushel or bushels, definite plural bushelene)

bushelen (definite singular)
bushel (indefinite plural)
bushels (indefinite plural)
bushelene (definite plural)


rundlet

Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons.

1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, page 205:

Such a cask of a certain size; its volume used as a measure for liquids, especially wine, usually 18.5 gallons.


tun

tuns (plural)
tunne (alternative obsolete)
tonne (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English tunne, tonne (“cask, barrel”), from Old English tunne (“tun, cask, barrel”), from Proto-Germanic *tunnǭ, *tunnō (“tun, barrel, cask”), from Latin tunna, probably of Gaulish origin.
Cognate with North Frisian tenn (“tun, barrel, cask”), Dutch ton (“tun, barrel, cask”), German Tonne (“tun, barrel, drum”), Danish tønde (“barrel”), Swedish tunna (“barrel, cask, tun”), Icelandic tunna (“barrel”). Compare also Old French tonne, French tonneau (“ton, barrel”), Medieval Latin tunna (“cask”), Middle Irish tunna (“cask”), Welsh tynell (“tun, barrel”). It is uncertain whether the Germanic or the Celtic forms are the original.

cog

Synonym of long ton: a unit of mass equal to 2240 pounds, 20 hundredweights of 112 pounds avoirdupois each.


butt

From Middle English bit, bitte, bytte, butte (“leather bottle”), from Old English bytt, byt (from Proto-West Germanic *buttjā) and Old French boute (“cask”) and other etymologies on this page, all from Vulgar Latin *buttia. Doublet of boccia.

Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons. –

(English units) An English measure of capacity for liquids, containing 126 wine gallons which is one-half tun.


hogshead

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-hogshead.wav

From Late Middle English hogshead, hagyshed, hogeyshed, hoggesyde, hokkeshed, Middle English hoggeshed, hogges-hed, hogeshed, hoggeshede, hoggesheed, hoggesheudes, hoggesheved, hoggishede, hoggisheed, hoggyssehed, hogyshed, hoogeshed (“measure of liquid capacity equivalent to about 63 gallons; large barrel or cask”, literally “hog’s head”), from hog, hogge (“swine, especially a castrated male swine”) + hed (“animal or human head”), equivalent to hog + 's + head. The connection between the cask and the head of a hog is uncertain, but may refer to the shape of the cask. The word has often been borrowed into other languages as “ox-head”.

[...] their vessels for use are made some of clay, of which sort some are so great as that they will containe more then one hogshead of water.

1632, attributed to J. Day, A Pvblication of Gviana’s Plantation: […], London: Printed by William Iones for Thomas Paine, […], →OCLC, page 15:

The best Veſſel for Conveyance, (if you carry above 20 Miles) is, a great Tun that holds five Hogſheads; but if no more than 10, 15, or 20 Miles, ordinary Hogſheads will do well enough. I know by Experience you may ſafely carry 300 Carps, ſix and ſeven Inches long, in one Hogſhead; but from ſeven to a Foot, not ſo many by a fourth Part.

1713, [Roger North], “Of Fishing for Carriage”, in A Discourse of Fish and Fish-ponds, […], London: Printed for E[dmund] Curll, […], →OCLC, page 62:

Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31½ gallons, a rundlet 18½ gallons.

1882, James E[dwin] Thorold Rogers, “Weights and Measures”, in A History of Agriculture and Prices in England […], volumes IV (1401–1582), Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 205:

Barrels came in firkins, nine gallons; kilderkins, eighteen gallons; halves, twenty-seven gallons; barrels, thirty-six gallons and hogsheads, fifty-four.

1987, Keith Dunstan, The Amber Nectar, Ringwood: Vicking O'Neil, page 81:

(British) A cask of a certain size; its volume used as a measure of capacity for liquids, containing 63 wine gallons, or about 52+¹⁄₂ imperial gallons (a half pipe).


hogshead

Unadapted borrowing from English hogshead.

ubor

hogshead (an English measure of liquids)


tierce

From Old French tierce, from Latin tertia.

He then gave me a large piece of silver coin, such as I never had seen or had before, and told me to get ready for the voyage, and he would credit me with a tierce of sugar, and another of rum […].

1789, Olaudah Equiano, chapter 6, in The Interesting Narrative, volume I:

Have an eye to the molasses tierce, Mr. Stubb; it was a little leaky, I thought.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “chapter 22”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

barrel
barrel#English:_cask of a certain size

(now historical) A cask of a certain size, or its volume used as a measure of capacity. Larger than a barrel but smaller than a hogshead.

(card games) A sequence of three playing cards of the same suit. Tierce of ace, king and queen is called tierce-major.

[W]e behold two men with lion-look, with alert attitude, side foremost, right foot advanced; flourishing and thrusting, stoccado and passado, in tierce and quart; intent to skewer one another.

1837, Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution: A History […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, (please specify the book or page number):

(fencing) The third defensive position, with the sword hand held at waist height, and the tip of the sword at head height.

(obsolete) One sixtieth of a second, i.e., the third in a series of fractional parts in a sexagesimal number system. (Also known as a third.)


barrel

barrels (plural)
barrell (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English barel, from Anglo-Norman baril, Old French baril, bareil (“barrel”), of uncertain origin. An attempt to link baril to Old French barre (“bar, bolt”) (compare Medieval Latin barra (“bar, rod”)) via assumed Vulgar Latin *barrīculum meets the phonological requirement, but fails to connect the word semantically. The alternative connection to Frankish *baril, *beril or Gothic *𐌱𐌴𐍂𐌹𐌻𐍃 (*bērils, “container for transport”), from Proto-Germanic *barilaz, *bērilaz (“barrel, jug, container”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to carry, transport”), is more plausible as it connects not only the form of the word but also the sense; equivalent to bear + -le. Compare also Old High German biril (“jug, large pot”), Luxembourgish Bärel, Bierel (“jug, pot”), Old Norse berill (“barrel for liquids”), Old English byrla (“barrel of a horse, trunk, body”). More at bear.

vat

round vessel made from staves bound with a hoop

(surfing) A wave that breaks with a hollow compartment.

tynnyri

surfing: wave that breaks with a hollow compartment


barrel

nl-noun

barrel m (plural barrels, diminutive barreltje n)

barrels (plural)
barreltje (diminutive neuter)

standard oil barrel (barrel containing roughly 159 litres or 42 US gallons)


puncheon

puncheons (plural)
punchion (alternative)

From Middle English punchoun, from Anglo-Norman ponchon, pounceon et al., and Middle French ponçon, poinchon et al., from Old French ponchon, from Latin pūnctiōnem (“act of piercing”). Doublet of punction. Related to Middle High German punze (“chisel; burin, graver”), ponze (“puncheon, standardized cask”), German Punze (“puncheon, punch, counter”).

cog

A figured stamp, die, or punch, used by goldsmiths, cutlers, etc.

A split log or heavy slab of timber with the face smoothed, used especially for flooring but also for log cabin walls, piers, or plank roads.

A short low bridge of similar construction. Also called puncheon bridge.

Once in the Grenada islands, when I and above eight others were pulling a large boat with two puncheons of water in it, a surf struck us, and drove the boat and all in it about half a stone's throw, among some trees, and above the high water mark.

Then he went to the scullery, wetted his hands, scooped the last white dough out of the punchion, and dropped it in a baking-tin.

1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter 8, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

A cask of a certain size; its volume used as a measure of capacity varying from 72 to 120 gallons.


kilderkin

kilderkins (plural)
kinderkin (alternative)

Late Middle English, from Middle Dutch kinderkin, a variant of kinerkijn, itself a diminutive of kintal. See quintal.

1882: 23 Hen. VIII, cap. 4... The barrel of beer is to hold 36 gallons, the kilderkin 18 gallons the firkin 9. But the barrel, kilderkin, and firkin of ale are to contain 32, 16, and 8 gallons. — James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 4, p. 205.

An old English liquid measure, usually being half a barrel; containing 18 English beer gallons, or 83.178 L.


firkin

From Middle Dutch *vierdekijn, diminutive of vierde (“fourth”), from vier (“four”); equivalent to fourth + -kin.

23 Hen. VIII, cap. 4... The barrel of beer is to hold 36 gallons, the kilderkin 18 gallons the firkin 9. But the barrel, kilderkin, and firkin of ale are to contain 32, 16, and 8 gallons.

1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 205:

But for his other guests he let bear in the massy cups of silver, and the great eared wine jars holding two firkins apiece, and he let pour forth to the Witches and the Foliots, and they drank the cup of memory unto King Gorice XI., slain that day by the hand of Goldry Bluszco.

1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros: A Romance, London: Jonathan Cape […], →OCLC, page 31:

(British) A varying measure of capacity, usually being a quarter of a barrel; specifically, a measure equal to nine imperial gallons.


windle

From Middle English windel, shortened from Old English windelstrēaw (“windlestraw, coarse grass or reed”).


wey

From Middle English weie, waie, weihe, wæȝe, from Old English wǣġ (“a weight; a tool for weighing, balance, scale”), from Proto-West Germanic *wāgu, from Proto-Germanic *wēgō (“scales; weight”), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to move, bring, transport”). Cognate with German Waage (“weight”), Icelandic vág (“a weight”).

der

Than though I hadde this wouke ywonne a weye of Essex cheese.

c. 1376, William Langland, The Vision of Piers Plowman, Version B, Passus 5, Line 91

Seven pounds make a clove, 2 cloves a stone, 2 stone a tod, 6½ tods a wey, 2 weys a sack, 12 sacks a last. […] It is to be observed here that a sack is 13 tods, and a tod 28 pounds, so that the sack is 364 pounds.

1843, The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, volume 27, page 202:

Cheese and salt are purchased by the wey of two hundredweight, or by the stone of fourteen pounds.

1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 208:

WEY, WEIGH, an English measure of weight; for wool, equal to 6½ tods of 28 lbs.; a load or five quarters of wheat; 40 bushels of salt, each 56 lbs.; 32 cloves of cheese, each 7 lbs.; 48 bushels of oats and barley; 2 to 3 cwt. of butter.

1858, Peter Lund Simmonds, The Dictionary of Trade Products, Manufacturing, and Technical Terms, page 410:

(uncommon, archaic) An old English measure of weight containing 224 pounds; equivalent to 2 hundredweight.


chaldron

The celdra or chaldron is employed in some places, especially at Finchale or Wearmouth. It appears to contain four quarters or thereabouts, and is perhaps the original measure of which the quarter is a fraction.

The visitors recorded that it [Locomotion] could haul 20 wagons, each holding one Newcastle chaldron of coal (53 cwt.).

1950 November, “Robert Stephenson & Hawthorns Limited”, in Railway Magazine, page 724:

????, De Colange.
In the United States the chaldron is ordinarily 2,940 lbs, but at New York it is 2,500 lbs.

Another site of early railway enterprise to be upgraded to 2* before benefiting from restoration (which would remove it from the 2024 at-risk register) is the S&DR [Stockton & Darlington Railway] coal drops, located in Shildon's Locomotive museum. After it was upgraded in 2021 […], 2022 research by Historic England found that the drops, constructed in 1847, were the world's first attempt at mechanising locomotive refuelling. The drops worked by chaldron wagons being taken up the incline, and their loads dropped down chutes into tenders of steam locomotives waiting below.

2025 February 5, Dr Joseph Brennan, “Railway heritage saved in 2024”, in RAIL, number 1028, page 54:

(archaic) An old English dry measure, containing four quarters. At London, 36 bushels heaped up, or its equivalent weight, and more than twice as much at Newcastle. Now used exclusively for coal and coke.


hundredweight

en-noun

hundredweight (plural hundredweight or hundredweights)

hundredweight (plural)
hundredweights (plural)
cwt. (alternative abbreviation)

→ Middle Bengali: *হন্দর্দ (*hondord)

Bengali: হন্দর (hondor)

A measure of weight containing a hundred pounds, variously understood as

(Canada, US) A unit of measurement containing 100 avoirdupois pounds (about 45.4 kg).

The hundredweight of 112 avoirdupois lbs. becomes general in the period before me, and is employed for the commoner kinds of materials.

1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume IV, page 209:

(UK, chiefly historical) A unit of measurement containing 112 avoirdupois pounds (eight stone or about 50.8 kg).

(historical) Synonym of quintal, a unit of measurement containing various amounts depending on the objects weighed.

quintal

(historical) Various units of ancient measurement systems consisting of 100 units usually translated as "pounds".


crannock

Cran'nock (s.) An ancient measure of corn.

1795, John Ash, The New and Complete Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd edition, volume 1:

In Ireland the crannock is used instead of the quarter. It is, however, plainly identical with it, being divided into the same number of bushels and pecks.

1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 167:

An old Irish measure of corn equivalent to the quarter. The crannock of oats appears to contain two quarters, as sometimes occurs with its English equivalent.


mitta

mitta (nominative singular)
mittan (nominative plural)
mittan (accusative singular)
mittan (accusative plural)
mittan (genitive singular)
mittena (genitive plural)
mittan (dative singular)
mittum (dative plural)

Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
Him becōmon ēac swā miċele welan tō handa, þæt his bīġleofa wæs ælċe dæġ mid his hīrede þrittiġ mittan clǣnes melowes, and sixtiġ mittan ōðres melowes, twelf fǣtte oxan, and twēntiġ feldoxan, hundtēontiġ weðera, buton huntoðe and fugoloðe and ġemæstra fugela.

And so much wealth came into his hands that every day he and his household consumed thirty mittas of clean meal, sixty mittas of other meal, twelve fat oxen, twenty field-oxen, and one hundred wethers, not counting the sustenance from hunting, fowling, or fattened birds.


fother

fothres (plural)
foður (alternative)
fothir (alternative)
fothyr (alternative)
futher (alternative)
fodyr (alternative)
fooder (alternative)
foþer (alternative)
foþere (alternative)
foðer (alternative)
voðer (alternative)
ffoder (alternative)

English: fother

Scots: fother

From Old Norse fóðr, from Proto-Germanic *fōdrą. Doublet of fodder.


charrus

Another element of weight is the charrus, carecta, or plaustrata of lead. This quantity contained thrity fontinelli, fotmael, pedes, or pigs. Each pes contained five petrae of fourteen pounds each, and therefore the pes was 70 avoirdupois pounds and the charrus 2100 lbs.

1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 168:


charrus

la-noun

charrus m (genitive charrī); second declension

charrī (genitive)
charrus (nominative singular)
charrī (nominative plural)
charrī (genitive singular)
charrōrum (genitive plural)
charrō (dative singular)
charrīs (dative plural)
charrum (accusative singular)
charrōs (accusative plural)
charrō (ablative singular)
charrīs (ablative plural)
charre (singular vocative)
charrī (plural vocative)

alternative form of carrus (“English unit of weight”)


clove

en-noun

clove (countable and uncountable, plural cloves)

From Middle English clove, an alteration of earlier clowe, borrowed from the first component of Old French clou (de girofle) (modern French clou de girofle), from Latin clāvus (“nail”) for its shape. Also see clāva (“knotty branch, club”). Doublet of clou and clavus.

Syzygium aromaticum
Syzygium aromaticum#Translingual

(countable) A clove tree, of the species Syzygium aromaticum (syn. Caryophyllus aromaticus), native to the Moluccas (Indonesian islands), which produces the spice.

Seven pounds make a clove, 2 cloves a stone, 2 stone a tod 6+¹⁄₂ tods a wey, 2 weys a sack, 12 sacks a last. The 'Pathway' points out the etymology of the word cloves; it calls them ' claves or nails.' It is to be observed here that a sack is 13 tods, and a tod 28 pounds, so that the sack is 364 pounds.

1843, The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, page 202:

By a statute of 9 Hen. VI. it was ordained that the wey of cheese should contain 32 cloves of 7 lbs. each, i.e. 224 lbs., or 2 cwts.

1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 169:

(countable) An old English measure of weight, containing 7 pounds (3.2 kg), i.e. half a stone.


clove

Borrowed from Dutch klove (now kloof). Doublet of kloof.

(geography) A narrow valley with steep sides, used in areas of North America first settled by the Dutch


daker

The dicker, or daker, was ten, and is found, though generally at later times than the period before us, as a measure for hides and gloves.

1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 171:

(obsolete) Alternative form of dicker, 10 items of some commodity taken as a unit.


sextary

From Middle English sextarie, sextary, anglicized from Latin sextārius (“pint”). Doublet of sextarius.

The sextary seems to have contained 6 gallons, and is also used for cider and wine.

1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 1, page 172:

(historical) An Anglo-Saxon unit of liquid measure, chiefly used for wine and cider.


minit

ms-noun

minit (Jawi spelling مينيت, plural minit-minit)

مينيت (Jawi)
minit-minit (plural)
menit (alternative)

Borrowed from English minute, from Old French minut, from Medieval Latin minūta.


snit

American English, of unknown origin, perhaps onomatopoeic.

Near-synonyms: fit, hissy, hissy fit, shit fit, tantrum, snippiness

He's in a snit because he got passed over for promotion.

First, I think that the NPR leadership made a mistake in appearing to fire Williams in a snit, rather than not renewing his contract, at the next opportunity, because of longstanding differences in journalistic values.

2010 October 25, James Fallows, “Why NPR Matters (Long)”, in The Atlantic:

She was confused. Now that he had worked himself into a snit he'd be angry if she unmade the bed and did what he wanted.

2013, Florida Ann Town, On the Rim, page 84:

(informal) A temper; a lack of patience; a bad mood.


snit

Likely related to Proto-Germanic *snidaz, i.e. a a little, a bit. Also perhaps from obsolete German Schnitt which is a small amount of beer served in a larger glass.

A U.S. unit of volume for liquor equal to 2 jiggers, 3 U.S. fluid ounces, or 88.7 milliliters.

The bartender served us each a snit with our Bloody Marys this morning.

(US, dialect) A beer chaser commonly served in three-ounce servings in highball or juice glasses with a Bloody Mary cocktail in the upper midwest states of United States including Minnesota, North Dakota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Michigan, and Illinois.


sheaf

From Middle English scheef, from Old English sċēaf, from Proto-West Germanic *skaub, from Proto-Germanic *skauba- (“sheaf”).
Cognates
Akin to West Frisian skeaf (“sheaf”), Dutch schoof (“sheaf”), German Schaub, Old Norse skauf (“a fox's tail”). Compare further Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐍆𐍄 (skuft, “hair of the head”), German Schopf (“tuft”).

cog

(mathematics) An abstract construct in topology that associates data to the open sets of a topological space (i.e. a presheaf) in such a way so as to make the local and global data compatible, generalizing the situation of functions, fiber bundles, manifold structure, etc. on a topological space. Formally, a presheaf ℱ whose sections are, in a technical sense, uniquely determined by their restrictions onto smaller sets: that is, given an open cover U_i of U:

If two sections over U agree under restriction to every U_i, then the sections are the same.

Given a family of sections s_i∈ℱ(U_i) such that all pairs (s_i,s_j) agree under restriction to U_i∩U_j, there is a (unique) section s over U whose restriction to U_i is s_i.


sheaf

en-verb

sheaf (third-person singular simple present sheafs, present participle sheafing, simple past and past participle sheafed)

sheafs (present singular third-person)
sheafing (participle present)
sheafed (participle past)
sheafed (past)

to sheaf wheat

(transitive) To gather and bind into a sheaf; to make into sheaves


돈

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 돈〯 (Yale: twǒn).
The etymology beyond Middle Korean is unknown. Native etymologies have been hypothesized, such as an 隱 (*-n) nominalization from 되다 (doeda, “to measure in containers”). Others have speculated a pre-Sino-Korean or nativised Chinese etymon, perhaps from a phrase involving 刀 (OC *taːw, “knife”) such as 刀銀 (OC *taːw ŋrɯn, “knife silver”), Chinese knife money being the first form of coinage in Korea, or alternately from 錢 (OC *ʔslenʔ, *zlen, “money”).
There is a pervasive but spurious folk etymology connecting it to 돌— (dol-, “to spin around, to circulate”), hence "that which is circulated".

金

used to form compounds related with money

그 반지는 3돈 정도 한다.

(units of measure) a don, a Korean unit of weight equivalent to about 4 g


carve

From Middle English kerven, from Old English ceorfan, from Proto-West Germanic *kerban, from Proto-Germanic *kerbaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to scratch”). Cognate with West Frisian kerve, Dutch kerven, Low German karven, German kerben (“to notch”); also Old Prussian gīrbin (“number”), Old Church Slavonic жрѣбии (žrěbii, “lot, tallymark”), Ancient Greek γράφειν (gráphein, “to scratch, etch”).

cog

... half a carve of arable land in Ballyncore, one carve of arable land in Pales, a quarter of arable land in Clonnemeagh, half a carve of arable land in Ballyfaden, half a carve of arable land in Ballymadran, ...

1862, Calendar of the Patent and Close Rolls of Chancery in Ireland:

Whereof John de Ditton holds a moiety of the village for half a carve of land.

1868, John Harland (editor), Wapentake of West Derby, in Remains, Historical and Literary, Connected with the Palatine Counties of Lancaster and Chester, (translating a Latin text c. 1320-46), page 31


wari

a yard (unit of measurement, 3 feet long)


nautical mile

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-nautical mile.wav

Personnel trenches have been constructed or improved in Tantung (40-05-50N 124-21-30E) and along roads 13 nautical miles (nm) south-southwest of Tantung and 1.5 nm west of the border (Figures 2 and 3).

1970 May, “Basic Description”, in Chinese Defensive Activity Along the China-North Korea Border, National Photographic Interpretation Center, published 2011, archived from the original on 2023-12-04, page 1:

An even more impressive nineteenth-century militarized lighthouse is found on the Taiwanese Wuchiu island, located just 20 nautical miles off the Chinese coast. While much of the surrounding military structure has been demolished, its black tower and high walls painted in camouflage colours stand as reminders of the contested history of this small frontier island.

2022, Veronica della Dora, Where Light in Darkness Lies: The Story of the Lighthouse, →ISBN, →OCLC:

A unit of length corresponding approximately to one minute of arc of latitude along any meridian. By international agreement it is exactly 1,852 metres (approximately 6,076 feet or 1.151 statute mile).

مِيل بَحْرِيّ

nautical: a unit of measure equal to 1852 metres


canna

From Latin canna (“reed”), from Ancient Greek κᾰ́ννᾱ (kắnnā, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒂵𒉡𒌑𒌝 (qanûm). Cognates Biblical Hebrew קָנֶה (qané), Aramaic קַנְיָא (qanyā), Classical Syriac ܩܢܝܐ (qanya), and English canon, cannon, canal, and channel. Doublet of cane and kaneh.

A palisade of Canary palms formed an honour guard along the verges, while beds of golden cannas flamed from the central reservation.

2000, JG Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate, published 2011, page 7:

Still, some of Mr. Cooper’s tender salvias are wintering over, and he plans to leave a few clumps of cannas in the ground next fall.

2007 January 18, Anne Raver, “Is It Spring? Winter? What’s a Flower to Think?”, in New York Times:

Any member of the genus Canna of tropical plants with large leaves and often showy flowers.


coss

cosses (plural)
coss (plural)
cos (alternative)
kos (alternative)
kós (alternative)
koss (alternative)

Borrowed from Hindustani کوس / कोस (kos). Doublet of krosa.

... the distances (computed by marching-time as well as by reference to the Népálese kós of 2⅓ miles each) ...

1857, Brian Houghton Hodgson, Selections from the Records of the Government of Bengal, No. XXVII: Papers Relative to the Colonization, Commerce, Physical Geography, &c., &c., of the Himalaya Mountains and Nepal, p. 85

A full half koss from bank to bank is the stream now – you can see it under the stars – and there are ten feet of water therein.

1888, Rudyard Kipling, 'In Flood Time', In Black and White, Folio Society, published 2005, pages 410–11:

(British India, South Asia) A measure of distance, varying from one and a quarter to two and a half English miles.


dram

desctree

→ Danish: dram
→ Faroese: drammur
→ Norwegian: dram

→ Scottish Gaelic: dràm

From Middle English dragme, dramme, from Old French dragme, drame, from Late Latin dragma, from Latin drachma, from Ancient Greek δραχμή (drakhmḗ, “unit of weight; a handful”). Doublet of drachma, diram, dirham, dirhem, and adarme.

doublet

The rolling stock, consisting entirely of four-wheel open trucks, or drams, was broken up at Bonvilles Court Colliery.

1946 November and December, “The Saundersfoot Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 340:

(historical, mining) A cart formerly used to haul coal in coal mines.


dyne

From the French dyne, from the Ancient Greek δῠ́νᾰμῐς (dŭ́nămĭs, “force”).

der

A unit of force in the CGS system; the force required to accelerate a mass of one gram by one centimetre per second per second. Symbol: dyn.


erg

erg (nominative singular)
ergi (nominative plural)
erga (genitive singular)
ergów (genitive plural)
ergowi (dative singular)
ergom (dative plural)
erg (accusative singular)
ergi (accusative plural)
ergiem (instrumental singular)
ergami (instrumental plural)
ergu (locative singular)
ergach (locative plural)
ergu (singular vocative)
ergi (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon).


gauss

Named for Carl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician and physicist.

The unit of magnetic field strength in CGS systems of units, equal to 0.0001 tesla.


jigger

→ Catalan: gigre

From jig + -er (agent suffix). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary suggests a possible link to Old High German gīga (“fiddle”).

“an air-brush is a big thing-a-ma-bob or whatcha-callit, full of gas, and when you turn on a little jigger, it causes compressed air to squeeze out, which, in turn, going through a needle—” “That wasn't part of the contract, Mr. Jones,” […]

(US) A placeholder name for any small mechanical device.


marc

Of Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *marką.

(historical) marco, Spanish mark, a traditional unit of mass equivalent to about 230 g

(historical) mark, any of various other half-pound units of mass


micron

From French micron, from Ancient Greek μικρόν (mikrón), neuter of μικρός (mikrós, “small”).

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-micron.wav

2009, Jonathan Amos, (bbc.co.uk) Satellites weigh California water
As one spacecraft lurches and drags through the Earth's uneven gravity field, the second follows 210 km behind, measuring changes in their separation to the nearest micron (a thousandth of a millimetre).

The microcannon was seen moving at about a micron per second, it was about 15 microns long, and the high speed photograph was done in water (density of 1 kg/L, viscosity of about 0.001 pascal seconds).

2018 February 28, Alexander Klotz, “Microcannons firing Nanobullets”, in Softbites:

Little pozzolanic reaction is evident for glass above 300 microns but the pozzolanic activity increases as the particle size is reduced below this size with good pozzolanic properties generally being achieved below about 45 microns (Federico & Chidiac 2009). […] In a second mix 20% of the Portland cement was replaced with the same Vycor glass which was ground to pass 45-micron (median particle size ~ 10 micron).

2020 May 18, Michael Thomas, David Smith, and Edward Moffatt, “THE USE OF GROUND GLASS AS A POZZOLAN”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

(physics, metrology) The thousandth part of one millimeter; the millionth part of a meter; a micrometer.


pas

Inherited from Old Catalan pas, from Latin passus (“step”). Its use as an auxiliary adverb comes from an accusative use (Latin nec…passum) in negative constructions – literally ‘not…a step’, i.e. ‘not at all’ – originally used with certain verbs of motion. Compare similarly used French pas. Cognate with Galician and Spanish paso and Portuguese passo.

(historical, measure) paso, Spanish pace, a traditional unit of length


pica

en-noun

pica (countable and uncountable, plural picas)

From Medieval Latin pica (“pica: a service book”), possibly from Latin pīca (“magpie”) after the piebald appearance of the typeset page (cf. pie (“disordered type”)). The relation to the printer's measure is unclear, as no edition of the text in pica type is known. The French pica derives from English rather than vice versa.

der

I had been at Baldwin's before dinner in consequence of a letter from him which showed me that, by using a pica instead of an English letter in printing my book, I might comprise it within such a number of sheets as a guinea-volume should contain […].

1790, James Boswell, edited by Danziger & Brady, Boswell: The Great Biographer, Yale, published 1989, page 30:

(typography, printing, uncountable) A size of type between small pica and English, now standardized as 12-point.


rutty

en-adj

rutty (comparative ruttier, superlative ruttiest)

ruttier (comparative)
ruttiest (superlative)

I am lying here stifling in the rutty goat smell

1970, Ramon Guthrie, “Loin de Moi …”, in Maximum Security Ward, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, page 45:

You may even get picked up by a German soldier. They’re a rutty bunch now that they’re away from their fat frauleins and meeting some real French women.

2001, Fred Mustard Stewart, chapter 30, in The Savages in Love and War,, New York: Forge, page 275:

Related to a rut; being in a state of sexual arousal.


rutty

[…] the shoare of siluer streaming Themmes,
Whose rutty Bancke, the which his Riuer hemmes,
Was paynted all with variable flowers,

1596, Edmund Spenser, Prothalamion, London: William Ponsonby:

[…] whistling reeds, that rutty Iordan laues,
And with their verdure his white head embraues,
To chide the windes,

1610, Giles Fletcher, Christs Victorie, and Triumph in Heauen, and Earth, Over, and After Death, Cambridge, page 47:


rutty

en-noun

rutty (plural rutties or ruttys or ruttees)

rutties (plural)
ruttys (plural)
ruttees (plural)

From Hindi रत्ती (rattī), literally “the seed of the plant Abrus precatorius.”

[…] they immediately desired to capitulate, and sent him, by way of ransom, a perfect diamond weighing two hundred and twenty four ruttys […]

1768, Firishta, translated by Alexander Dow, The History of Hindostan, London: T. Becket and P.A. de Hondt, Volume 2, Section 12, p. 112:

1858, Henry Yule, Narrative of the Mission … to the Court of Ava, London: Smith, Elder, Appendix, “Note on Metals, Minerals, &c., of Burma,” p. 348,
[Sapphires] of ten to fifteen rutties without a flaw are common, whereas a perfect ruby of that size is hardly ever seen.

[…] vast numbers of infatuated wretches have accustomed themselves to consume from 6 rutties (9 grains) to a rupee’s weight (180 grains) of nearly pure opium daily […]

1870, Norman Chevers, A Manual of Medical Jurisprudence for India, Calcutta: Thacker, Spink, page 227:

(India, obsolete) A unit of weight used for metals, precious stones and medicines, equivalent to 1+¹⁄₂ grains.


sen

From a syncopation of Middle English selven, selfen, variants of selfe, self. More at self.

"Hear all, see all, say nowt. Eyt all, sup all, pay nowt. An if ivver tha does owt fer nowt, mek sure tha does it fer thi sen."


slat

head

slat f (genitive singular slaite, nominative plural slata or slatacha)

slaite (genitive singular)
slata (nominative plural)
slatacha (nominative plural)
slat (indefinite nominative singular)
slata (indefinite nominative plural)
a shlat (indefinite singular vocative)
a shlata (indefinite plural vocative)
slaite (genitive indefinite singular)
slat (genitive indefinite plural)
slat (dative indefinite singular)
slait (archaic dative dialectal indefinite singular)
slata (dative indefinite plural)
an tslat (definite nominative singular)
na slata (definite nominative plural)
na slaite (definite genitive singular)
na slat (definite genitive plural)
leis an tslat (dative definite singular)
leis an tslait (archaic dative definite dialectal singular)
don tslat (dative definite singular)
don tslait (archaic dative definite dialectal singular)
leis na slata (dative definite plural)
slat
shlat
tslat

[sˠl̪ˠaːt̪ˠ]

From Middle Irish slat, from Proto-Celtic *slattā (“stalk, staff”). Cognate with Welsh llath.


slat

slat f (genitive singular slait or slaite, plural slatan)

slait (genitive singular)
slaite (genitive singular)
slatan (plural)
slat (indefinite nominative singular)
slatan (indefinite nominative plural)
slaite (genitive indefinite singular)
slait (genitive indefinite singular)
shlat (genitive indefinite plural)
slait (dative indefinite singular)
slatan (dative indefinite plural)
slataibh (dative indefinite plural)
t-slat (definite nominative singular)
an t-slat (definite nominative singular)
slatan (definite nominative plural)
na slatan (definite nominative plural)
slaite (definite genitive singular)
na slaite (definite genitive singular)
slait (definite genitive singular)
slat (definite genitive plural)
nan slat (definite genitive plural)
t-slait (dative definite singular)
an t-slait (dative definite singular)
slatan (dative definite plural)
na slatan (dative definite plural)
slataibh (dative definite plural)
shlat (definite singular vocative)
shlata (definite plural vocative)
slat
shlat
after "an"
t-slat


torr

torrs (plural)
torr (plural)
Torr (alternative)

Clipping of Torricelli; named after Italian physicist Evangelista Torricelli (1608–1647), who discovered the principle of the barometer.

named-after

millimeter of mercury

not exactly synonyms, but practically equal

(metrology) A unit of pressure that is equal to approximately 0.001316 atmospheres or 133.3 pascals.


torr

torr (nominative singular)
torry (nominative plural)
torru (genitive singular)
torrů (genitive plural)
torru (dative singular)
torrům (dative plural)
torr (accusative singular)
torry (accusative plural)
torre (singular vocative)
torry (plural vocative)
torru (locative singular)
torrech (locative plural)
torrem (instrumental singular)
torry (instrumental plural)


torr

fo-noun

torr n (genitive singular tors, plural torr)

tors (genitive singular)
torr (plural)
torr (indefinite nominative singular)
torrið (definite nominative singular)
torr (indefinite nominative plural)
torrini (definite nominative plural)
torr (accusative indefinite singular)
torrið (accusative definite singular)
torr (accusative indefinite plural)
torrini (accusative definite plural)
torri (dative indefinite singular)
torrinum (dative definite singular)
torrum (dative indefinite plural)
torrunum (dative definite plural)
tors (genitive indefinite singular)
torsins (definite genitive singular)
torra (genitive indefinite plural)
torranna (definite genitive plural)

Named for Evangelista Torricelli, an Italian physicist

torr, approximately 1.316·10⁻³ atmosphere or 133.3 pascals.


volta

head

volta m (genitive singular volta, nominative plural voltanna)

volta (genitive singular)
voltanna (nominative plural)
volta (indefinite nominative singular)
voltanna (indefinite nominative plural)
a volta (indefinite singular vocative)
a voltanna (indefinite plural vocative)
volta (genitive indefinite singular)
voltanna (genitive indefinite plural)
volta (dative indefinite singular)
voltanna (dative indefinite plural)
an volta (definite nominative singular)
na voltanna (definite nominative plural)
an volta (definite genitive singular)
na voltanna (definite genitive plural)
leis an volta (dative definite singular)
don volta (dative definite singular)
leis na voltanna (dative definite plural)


brace

English: brace

Scots: brace

From Old French brace, from Latin bracchia, plural of bracchium.

brase (alternative)
braas (alternative)
bras (alternative)


lest

lest m (definite singular lesten, indefinite plural lester or lestar, definite plural lestene or lestane)

lesten (definite singular)
lester (indefinite plural)
lestar (indefinite plural)
lestene (definite plural)
lestane (definite plural)

From Old Norse lest f, from either Old English hlæst, Old Frisian hlest, or Middle Low German last. In any case, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz and Doublet of last m.

(historical, nautical) An old unit of measure on the freight capacity of a ship.


lot

lot (nominative)
lotnıñ (genitive)
lotqa (dative)
lotnı (accusative)
lotta (locative)
lottan (ablative)

A unit of weight: 1 lot = 3 mısqal = 12.797 g (archaic) (see Tatar units of measurement#Mass)


peck

en-verb

peck (third-person singular simple present pecks, present participle pecking, simple past and past participle pecked)

pecks (present singular third-person)
pecking (participle present)
pecked (participle past)
pecked (past)

From Middle English pecken, pekken, variant of Middle English piken, picken, pikken (“to pick, use a pointed implement”). More at pick.

To type by searching for each key individually.

die Tastatur im Einfingersuchsystem bedienen


peck

Probably from Anglo-Norman pek, pekke, of uncertain origin.

They picked a peck of wheat.

22,110 bushels of French beans, at 6d. per peck, or 2s. per bushel

1851, Henry Mayhew, “Gross Value of the Fruit and Vegetables Sold Annually in the London Streets”, in London Labour and the London Poor:

I took his advice, and went to Billingsgate for the first time in my life, and bought a peck of oysters for 2s. 6d.

1851, Henry Mayhew, “Of the Experience of a Fried Fish-seller, and of the Class of Customers”, in London Labour and the London Poor:

One quarter of a bushel; a dry measure of eight quarts; equal to approximately 9092 cubic centimeters in the imperial system or 8810 cubic centimeters in the U.S. system.

kaksi kappaa

closest equivalent in traditional Finnish units

She figured most children probably ate a peck of dirt before they turned ten.

a peck of uncertainties and doubts

1643, J[ohn] M[ilton], The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce: […], London: […] T[homas] P[aine] and M[atthew] S[immons] […], →OCLC:

A great deal; a large or excessive quantity.


span

From Middle English spanne, from Old English spann, from Proto-Germanic *spannō (“span, handbreadth”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to stretch”).
Cognate with Dutch span, spanne, German Spanne. The sense “pair of horses” is probably from Old English ġespan, ġespann (“a joining; a fastening together; clasp; yoke”), from Proto-West Germanic [Term?]. Cognate with Dutch gespan, German Gespann.

der

The full width of an open hand from the end of the thumb to the end of the little finger used as an informal unit of length.

Any of various traditional units of length approximating this distance, especially the English handspan of 9 inches forming ⅛ fathom and equivalent to 22.86 cm.

شِبْر

Any of various units of length approximating the full width of an open hand

(US, Canada) A pair of horses or other animals driven together; usually, such a pair of horses when similar in color, form, and action.

(mathematics) The space of all linear combinations of vectors within a set.

viritelmä

mathematics: the space of all linear combinations of something

We use the term span (also called depth, or dependence depth) to refer to the number of parallel steps assuming an unbounded number of processors.

2017, Ananya Kumar, Guy E. Blelloch, Robert Harper, “Parallel Functional Arrays”, in ACM SIGPLAN Notices, →DOI:

(computing) The time required to execute a parallel algorithm on an infinite number of processors, i.e. the shortest distance across a directed acyclic graph representing the computation steps.


span

en-verb

span (third-person singular simple present spans, present participle spanning, simple past and past participle spanned)

spans (present singular third-person)
spanning (participle present)
spanned (participle past)
spanned (past)

From Middle English spannen, from Old English spannan, from Proto-Germanic *spannaną (“to stretch, span”). Cognate with German spannen, Dutch spannen.

inh

(mathematics) To generate an entire space by means of linear combinations.

aufspannen

mathematics: to generate an entire space by means of linear combinations


stadium

From Latin stadium (“a measure of length, a race course”) (commonly one-eighth of a Roman mile; translated in early English Bibles by furlong), from Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion, “a measure of length, a running track”), especially the track at Olympia, which was one stadium in length. The Greek word may literally mean "fixed standard of length" (from στάδιος (stádios, “firm, fixed”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-, whence also stand and Latin stare). Doublet of stade, stadion, and estadio.

der

An Ancient Greek racecourse, especially, the Olympic course for foot races.

stadion

race course, especially, the Olympic course for foot races


stadium

la-noun

stadium n (genitive stadiī or stadī); second declension

stadiī (genitive)
stadī (genitive)
stadium (nominative singular)
stadia (nominative plural)
stadiī (genitive singular)
stadī (genitive singular)
stadiōrum (genitive plural)
stadiō (dative singular)
stadiīs (dative plural)
stadium (accusative singular)
stadia (accusative plural)
stadiō (ablative singular)
stadiīs (ablative plural)
stadium (singular vocative)
stadia (plural vocative)

From the Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion).


staid

head

staid f (genitive singular staide, nominative plural staideanna)

staide (genitive singular)
staideanna (nominative plural)
staid (indefinite nominative singular)
staideanna (indefinite nominative plural)
a staid (indefinite singular vocative)
a staideanna (indefinite plural vocative)
staide (genitive indefinite singular)
staideanna (genitive indefinite plural)
staid (dative indefinite singular)
staideanna (dative indefinite plural)
an staid (definite nominative singular)
na staideanna (definite nominative plural)
na staide (definite genitive singular)
na staideanna (definite genitive plural)
leis an staid (dative definite singular)
don staid (dative definite singular)
leis na staideanna (dative definite plural)

From Latin stadium, from Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion).

stadium (venue where sporting events are held; Greek measure of length)


stang

nb-noun-c

stang f or m (definite singular stanga or stangen, indefinite plural stenger, definite plural stengene)

stanga (definite singular)
stangen (definite singular)
stenger (indefinite plural)
stengene (definite plural)

a bar, pole, rod, lever, staff, stick, shaft


swathe

swathes (plural)
swath (alternative)
swað (alternative)
swad (alternative)
swarth (alternative)

English: swath, swathe

Scots: swa, swarth

From Old English swaþu, from Proto-Germanic *swaþō, from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to bend, turn, swing”).

der

(rare) A strip of land as a unit of measure.


candy

en-noun

candy (countable and uncountable, plural candies)

→ Cebuano: kendi

→ Hindi: कैंडी (kaiṇḍī)

→ Hopi: kyenti

→ Japanese: キャンディ (kyandi)

→ Kashubian: kindus (United States)

→ Korean: 캔디 (kaendi)

→ Tagalog: kendi

From Middle English sugre candy, from Old French sucre candi (literally “candied sugar”), from Arabic سُكَّر قَنْدِي (sukkar qandī), from Arabic قَنْد (qand, “rock candy”), from Persian کند (kand) from Sanskrit खण्ड (khaṇḍa, “piece, fragment, candied sugar, dried molasses”), root खण्ड् (khaṇḍ, “to divide, break into pieces”), or from Proto-Dravidian *kaṇṭu; compare Tamil கண்டு (kaṇṭu, “hard candy”).

der

سُكَّر قَنْدِي

They came down to buy sugar, flour, saltfish or candy from Nana, to collect letters and exchange gossip.

artificial sweetener
artificial sweetener

(uncountable, chiefly Canada, US, Philippines) Edible, sweet-tasting confectionery containing sugar, or sometimes artificial sweeteners, and often flavored with fruit, chocolate, nuts, herbs and spices, or artificial flavors.

candy kid; candy raver

Then while our hands were still connected, he slid a colorful beaded bracelet among the many others he had off of his arm and then onto my wrist without having to break our intertwined hands. "And there you have it! Your first piece of kandi."

2013, Kristen Lynn Harkey, State of Summer: Love and Misadventure of a College Student:

The mantra of the rave is PLUR: peace, love, unity, respect, while the tribal badge is kandi: colourful bracelets made out of chunky beads (and not the same as candy, the drugs that might also feature, such as E or Molly).

2016, Susie Dent, Dent's Modern Tribes: The Secret Languages of Britain:

The first candy bracelet I made was for myself. I alternated blue, orange, and glow-in-the-dark beads with letter beads that spelled “Ferari” to represent my (first) raver sobriquet, Ferrari Ravioli. (Yes, I spelled it wrong. I didn’t notice my typo at the time.)
Side note: this is now referred to as “kandi” bracelets, but we spelled it the old-fashioned way.

2021, Samantha Durbin, Raver Girl: Coming of Age in the 90s:

(uncountable) An accessory (bracelet, etc.) made from pony beads, associated with the rave scene.


candy

candies (plural)
candee (alternative)
candie (alternative)
candil (alternative)
kandy (alternative)

From Marathi खंडी (khaṇḍī), from Sanskrit खण्डन (khaṇḍana), from root खण्ड् (khaṇḍ, “to divide, break into pieces”).

(obsolete) A unit of weight used in southern India, equal to twenty maunds, roughly equal to 500 pounds avoirdupois but varying locally.


ulna

la-noun

ulna f (genitive ulnae); first declension

ulnae (genitive)
ulna (nominative singular)
ulnae (nominative plural)
ulnae (genitive singular)
ulnārum (genitive plural)
ulnae (dative singular)
ulnīs (dative plural)
ulnam (accusative singular)
ulnās (accusative plural)
ulnā (ablative singular)
ulnīs (ablative plural)
ulna (singular vocative)
ulnae (plural vocative)

→? Proto-Albanian: *ulnā

→ Catalan: ulna (learned)

→ English: ulna

→ Galician: ulna (learned)

→ Italian: ulna (learned)

→ Portuguese: ulna (learned)

→ Spanish: ulna (learned)

From Proto-Italic *olenā, presumably from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l(e)n-, from the root *Heh₃l- (“to bend”), although this reconstruction remains uncertain. Related to Old Armenian ուլն (uln, “neck”), Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 (aleina, “cubit”), Old Church Slavonic ланита (lanita, “cheek”), Ancient Greek ὠλένη (ōlénē, “elbow”), Sanskrit अणि (aṇi, “the point of a needle”), Albanian llërë (“upper arm”), Welsh elin (“forearm; elbow”).


eon

eons (plural)
aeon (alternative)
æon (alternative)

From Latin aeon, from Ancient Greek αἰών (aiṓn, “age, era”).

It’s been eons since we last saw each other.

Traditionally, a luncheon is a lunch that takes an eon.

1990, Judith Martin, Miss Manners’ Guide for the Turn-of-the-Millennium (A Fireside Book), New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 453:

(US, informal, hyperbolic) A long period of time.

вечност

informal, hyperbolic: a long period of time


eon

eon (nominative singular)
eony (nominative plural)
eonu (genitive singular)
eonów (genitive plural)
eonowi (dative singular)
eonom (dative plural)
eon (accusative singular)
eony (accusative plural)
eonem (instrumental singular)
eonami (instrumental plural)
eonie (locative singular)
eonach (locative plural)
eonie (singular vocative)
eony (plural vocative)

eon (immeasurably or indefinitely long period of time)


GC

(metrology) Symbol for gigacoulomb, an SI unit of electric charge equal to 10⁹ coulombs.


kat

Symbol for katal, an SI unit of measurement of catalytic activity.


길

gil (romanization)
질 (alternative dialectal)

From Early Modern Korean 긿 (kilh), from Middle Korean 긿〮 (kílh), probably ultimately from Old Korean 道尸 (*KIl). The Middle Korean /-h/ may be the remnant of an ancient place-related suffix; see Appendix:Middle Korean h-final nouns.
In the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 긿〮 (Yale: kílh).

ko-etym-native

그는 길을 잃고 숲속을 헤맸다.

Geu-neun gir-eul ilko supsog-eul hemaetda.

He got lost and wandered about the woods.

He lost his way and wandered about the woods.

돌아오는 길에 잠깐 들렀어.

서울을 떠나는 마지막 기차를 놓친 나는 서울에서 무진까지의 천여리 길을 발가락이 몇 번이고 부르터지도록 걸어서 내려왔고 […]

1964, 김승옥／金承鈺 [Kim Seung-ok], 무진기행／霧津記行 [A Trip to Mujin]:

Having missed the last train leaving Seoul, I had to walk the entire way from Seoul to Mujin—a distance of around a thousand li—with my toes blistering time after time.

Seour-eul tteonaneun majimak gicha-reul notchin na-neun Seour-eseo Mujin-kkaji-ui cheonyeori gir-eul balgarag-i myeot beonigo bureuteoji-dorok georeoseo naeryeowatgo […]

a way, (on) the way; a route/course (e.g. an airway or sea route)


길

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 질〮 (Yale: cíl).
Was subject to hypercorrection by Seoul speakers to avoid the /ki/ > /t͡ɕi/ palatalization in southern dialects, producing Early Modern Korean 길 (kil); 김치 (gimchi) and 기와 (giwa) are two other well-known examples of this phenomenon. Non-standard dialects commonly preserve the original form.

갓 산 새 신발이라 아직 길이 안 들었다.

Gat san sae sinbar-ira ajik gir-i an deureotda.

Having just bought these shoes, they haven't been broken in yet.

Having just bought these shoes, breaking in hasn't entered them yet.


길

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 길〯 (Yale: kǐl), related to 길〯다〮 (Yale: kǐl-tá, “to be long”).

층암과 절벽이 상ᄃᆡᄒᆞ야 병풍을 셰운 듯ᄒᆞᆫᄃᆡ 놉기ᄂᆞᆫ 몃백 길인지 아지 못ᄒᆞ며 […]

1908, 구연학／具然學 [Gu Yeonhak], chapter 9, in 雪(설)中(즁)梅(ᄆᆡ) [Plum Blossoms in the Snow]:

The confronting rocky cliffs and precipices stand tall like a folding screen—one could only guess that they must be a few hundred gils tall […]

cheung'am-gwa jeolbyeog-i sangdae-haya byeongpung-eul syeun deut-handae nopgineun myeotbaek gir-in-ji aji mot-hamyeo […]

a gil, a traditional Korean unit of measurement

the gil, a traditional Korean unit of length equal to 8 or 10 Korean foot (자 (ja)), equivalent to approximately 2.4 m and 3 m respectively

the gil, a traditional Korean unit of length equal to the height of a person; a fathom


길

Korean: 길 (gil)

굴허〮ᅌᅦ〮 ᄆᆞᄅᆞᆯ〮 디〯내〯샤〮 도ᄌᆞ기〮 다〯 도라〮가니〮 半 길〯 노ᄑᆡᆫ〮ᄃᆞᆯ〮 년기〮 디〯나리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮

[Chased] into an alley, [emperor Taizu] had his horse leap over [a cliff a gil high], and all the bandits [had no choice but to] turn back. Even if it were half a gil high, could anyone else [i.e. the bandits] have done the same?

a gil, a traditional Korean unit of length equal to the height of a person; a fathom


pH

electrical inductance
electrical inductance

(metrology) Symbol for picohenry, an SI unit of electrical inductance equal to 10⁻¹² henrys.


mHz

(metrology) Symbol for millihertz, an SI unit of frequency equal to 10⁻³ hertz.


megahertz

megahertz (nominative singular)
megahertzy (nominative plural)
megahertzu (genitive singular)
megahertzů (genitive plural)
megahertzu (dative singular)
megahertzům (dative plural)
megahertz (accusative singular)
megahertzy (accusative plural)
megahertze (singular vocative)
megahertzy (plural vocative)
megahertzu (locative singular)
megahertzech (locative plural)
megahertzích (locative plural)
megahertzem (instrumental singular)
megahertzy (instrumental plural)


piede

it-noun

piede m (plural piedi, diminutive piedìno, augmentative piedóne, pejorative piedàccio, diminutive-endearing piedùccio)

piedi (plural)
piedìno (diminutive)
piedóne (augmentative)
piedàccio (pejorative)
piè (alternative clipping)

From Latin pedem (“foot”), from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds. Compare Catalan peu, French pied, Piedmontese pé, Latvian pēda, Lithuanian pėdės, Portuguese pé, Sardinian pei, Spanish pie.


κόρος

grc-noun

κόρος • (kóros) m (genitive κόρου); second declension

kóros (romanization)
κόρου (genitive)
ὁ κόρος (nominative singular)
κόρω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόροι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόρου (genitive singular)
κόροιν (dual genitive)
κόρων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόρῳ (dative singular)
κόροιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόροις (dative plural)
τὸν κόρον (accusative singular)
κόρω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόρους (accusative plural)
κόρε (singular vocative)
κόρω (dual vocative)
κόροι (plural vocative)

From Hebrew כֹּר (kor), itself from Akkadian kurru (cognate with Aramaic kor כֹּר, Syriac-Aramaic kora ܟܽܘܪܳܐ), itself from the Sumerian measure GUR.

kor (a dry measure containing 10 medimnes)


mud

en-noun

mud (countable and uncountable, plural muds)

From Middle English mud, mudde, mode, probably a borrowing from Middle Dutch mod, modde or Middle Low German mudde, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *mud-, *mudra- (“mud”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *mū-, *mew- (“moist”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Mudde (“mud”), Middle High German mot (“mud”), Swedish modd (“slush”). Compare also suffixed variants West Frisian modder (“mud”), Dutch modder (“mud”), German Low German Mudder (“mud”), German Moder (“moldiness, mildew, decay”), English mother (“vinegar-forming sediment in alcohol”), Danish mudder (“mud”). Alternative etymology suggests the Proto-Germanic word is possibly borrowed from a Uralic language (compare e.g. Finnish muta (“mud”), Northern Sami mođđi (“mud”), Erzya мода (moda, “earth, ground”) from Proto-Uralic *muďa).

cog

throw enough mud at the wall and some of it will stick


mud

From Dutch mud, from West Germanic, from Latin modius. Doublet of modius and muid.

(historical) A traditional Dutch unit of dry measure of variable size, frequently about 3 bushels.


mud

en-verb

mud (third-person singular simple present muds, present participle mudding, simple past and past participle mudded)

muds (present singular third-person)
mudding (participle present)
mudded (participle past)
mudded (past)

Wizards, in general, have a very different experience of mudding than other players. Because of their palpable and extensive extra powers over other players, and because of their special role in MUD society, they are frequently treated differently[…]

1997, Philip Agre, Douglas Schuler, Reinventing technology, rediscovering community, page 153:

(intransitive, Internet) To participate in a MUD or multi-user dungeon.


mud

Ultimately from Arabic مُدّ (mudd, “a certain dry measure”)

bor

Satu sha' setara dengan empat mud

(Islam) a dry measure (for dates, water, grains, and other things) varying in size, roughly around 510 grams


US survey acre

Unit of measure for areas, defined as 43,560 square feet,https://web.archive.org/web/20041204052555/http://ts.nist.gov/ts/htdocs/230/235/appxc/appxc.htm or 4,046.8564224 square meters. A square mile has 640 acres.


mille

mīlle (canonical neuter)
mīlle (nominative singular)
mīlia (nominative plural)
mīllia (nominative plural)
mīlle (genitive singular)
mīlium (genitive plural)
mīllium (genitive plural)
mīlle (dative singular)
mīlibus (dative plural)
mīllibus (dative plural)
mīlle (accusative singular)
mīlia (accusative plural)
mīllia (accusative plural)
mīlle (ablative singular)
mīlibus (ablative plural)
mīllibus (ablative plural)
mīlle (singular vocative)
mīlia (plural vocative)
mīllia (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: migliu

Italian: miglia, miglio (back-formation)

Gallo-Romance:

French: mille

Norman: mille

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: miza

Iberian-Romance:

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: milha
Galician: milla
Portuguese: milha

Borrowings:

desc

→ Ancient Greek: μίλιον (mílion), μείλιον (meílion), μίλιν (mílin)

Greek: μίλι (míli)

→ Hebrew: מַיְל (mayl)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: մղոն (młon), միլոն (milon), մողոն (mołon)
→ Armenian: մղոն (młon) (learned)

desc

→ Aramaic: [script needed] (mīlā), [script needed] (mīl)

Classical Syriac: ܡܝܠܐ (mīlā), ܡܝܠ (mīl)

→ Arabic: ميل (mīl)

→ Middle Armenian: միլ (mil)

→ Ottoman Turkish: مِیل (mīl)

Turkish: mil

→ Persian: میل (mil)

desctree

→ Old Irish: míle
Middle Irish: míle
Irish: míle
Manx: milley
Scottish Gaelic: mìle

→ Catalan: milla

→ Spanish: milla

Shortened from Latin mīlle passūs, mīlle passuum (“Roman mile”, literally “a thousand of paces”).

a mile, particularly a Roman mile of 8 stades (stadia); 1,000 paces (passūs); or 5,000 feet (pedes)


castellano

Borrowed from Spanish castellano (“Castilian”), from Medieval Latin Castella (“Castile, Land of Fortresses”) + -ānus (“-an: forming adjectives”), from Latin castrum (“fort”) + -ella (“-elle: forming diminutives”). Doublet of Castilian, castellanus, castellan, and chatelain.

doublet

A traditional Spanish unit of mass, equivalent to about 4.8 g.


castellano

es-adj

castellano (feminine castellana, masculine plural castellanos, feminine plural castellanas)

castellana (feminine)
castellanos (masculine plural)
castellanas (feminine plural)

From Latin Castellānus (“Castilian”), from Castella (“Castile”) + -ānus (“-an: forming adjectives”), q.v.

rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines

Castile and León
Castile and León#English

Castilla-La Mancha
Castilla-La Mancha#English

Community of Madrid
Community of Madrid#English

Castilian (of, from or relating to the geographic region or former kingdom of Castile, now approximately divided into the autonomous communities of Castile and León, Castilla-La Mancha and the Community of Madrid)


castellano

es-noun

castellano m (plural castellanos, feminine castellana, feminine plural castellanas)

castellanos (plural)
castellana (feminine)
castellanas (feminine plural)

Castilian (native or inhabitant of the geographic region or former kingdom of Castile, now approximately divided into the autonomous communities of Castile and León, Castilla-La Mancha and the Community of Madrid) (usually male)


castellano

Castilian Spanish (the dialect of the kingdom or region of Castile)

(inexact) European Spanish, Spanish Spanish (the dialects of Spain generally, particularly as opposed to those in Latin America)

(sometimes offensive) Spanish (the Spanish language generally)


coco

→ English: coco

desctree

→ Italian: cocco
→ Middle French: coche
French: coco

→ Spanish: coco, coca, cucuy, cuco, cuca, cucu, cucuí
→ English: coco
→ Middle French: coco
French: coco

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek κόκκος (kókkos)bor.
Late Latin coccum?
Portuguese coco
Probably from Late Latin coccum (“kernel, seed”), from Ancient Greek κόκκος (kókkos). Doublet of coque.

etymon

Que coco é esse / Eu já estou com vontade de dançar

1957, “Que coco é esse”, performed by Marinês:

What a coconut dance this is / I'm already in the mood to dance

(Brazil, dance) popular dance from Alagoas


coco

Learned borrowing from New Latin coccus, from Late Latin coccum, from Ancient Greek κόκκος (kókkos).


våg

våg f (definite singular våga, indefinite plural våger, definite plural vågene)

våga (definite singular)
våger (indefinite plural)
vågene (definite plural)

(measure unit): Russenorsk: våga

From Old Norse vág f, from Proto-Germanic *wēgō (“scales, weight”).

(historical, units of measure) an older unit of weight used to measure heavier goods, around 18 kg.


ounce

→ Tokelauan: aunehe

From Middle English ounce, unce, from Middle French once, from Latin uncia (“Roman ounce, various similar units”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one”). Doublet of a, one, inch, uncia, onça, onza, oka, ouguiya, and awqiyyah.

doublet

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-ounce.wav

an ounce of prevention is better than an ounce of cure

an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure

an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure

An avoirdupois ounce, weighing ¹⁄₁₆ of an avoirdupois pound, or 28.349523125 grams.


ounce

ounces (plural)
ounce (plural)
unce (alternative)
ownce (alternative)
ounse (alternative)
nounce (alternative)
nowns (alternative)

English: ounce, unce

Scots: ounce

From Middle French once, from Old French once, unce, from Latin uncia. Doublet of ynche.

An ounce (unit with much variation, but generally equivalent to 1/12 or 1/16 of a pound)

(rare) A shekel (ancient measure of weight)

By ounces henge his lokkes that he hadde / And therwith he his shuldres overspradde

a. 1394, Geoffrey Chaucer, “General Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, archived from the original on 2019-02-22, lines 677–678:

By very little hung the locks that he had; / He draped them over his shoulders

(rare) A minuscule or insignificant amount or quantity.

(rare) An eight-minute unit for measuring time.

(rare) A three-inch unit for measuring length.


ounce

ounce m (definite singular ouncen, indefinite plural ouncer, definite plural ouncene)

ouncen (definite singular)
ouncer (indefinite plural)
ouncene (definite plural)

From English ounce. Doublet of inch and unse.


ounce

ounce m (definite singular ouncen, indefinite plural ouncar, definite plural ouncane)

ouncen (definite singular)
ouncar (indefinite plural)
ouncane (definite plural)


derived unit

The derived unit of electrical resistance (ohm) is derived from length, mass, time, and electric current.

(In the SI system of units) Any unit derived from one of the seven base units of length (meter), mass (kilogram), time (second), electric current (ampere), thermodynamic temperature (kelvin), amount of substance (mole) and luminous intensity (candela).

導出單位 /导出单位

any unit derived from one of the seven base units

Equivalently, in any coherent unit system, a unit derived from one or more base units.


hoon

Capricornia (novel)
Kelmscott, Western Australia
The Australian National Dictionary
Xavier Herbert

Uncertain; used initially as a general term of abuse. It first appeared in print in Capricornia (1938) by Australian writer Xavier Herbert (1901–1984); in a 1941 letter Herbert stated he had heard the term in his youth.

'You flash hoon,' he went on, 'Kiddin' you're white, eh?[…].'

1938, Xavier Herbert, Capricornia: A Novel, Sydney: Angus & Robertson, →OCLC:

(Australia, New Zealand, slang, derogatory) A worthless person; a hooligan or lout.

When the girls were sick, the hoons would beat the shit out of them and put them back on the street.

2009, Adam Shand, The Skull: Informers, Hit Men and Australia's Toughest Cop, Melbourne: Black Inc., ISBN 978-1-86395-438-9; republished Melbourne, Black Inc., 2010, ISBN 978-1-86395-482-2, page 85

Police have impounded an average of 10 cars a day since hoon laws were introduced by the State Government in June 2006. Hoon related offences include burnouts, doughnuts, drag racing, repeated driving while disqualified and high-level speeding. Offences are detailed in section 84C of the Road Safety Act 1986.

2008 July 30, “Hoon Laws”, in Victoria Police, archived from the original on 2009-05-15:

The hoons piled out of the wreck brimming with righteous road rage, and were settling to the task of beating the shit out of Wozza, Mutton and the hapless wheelman when they discovered the plastic bag.

2009, Damien Broderick, Rory Barnes, I'm Dying Here: A Comedy of Bad Manners, New York, N.Y.: Point Blank, →ISBN, page 29:

[T]here is an overwhelming sense of youth as a social group with nowhere to go and nothing to do. […] Predictably, this has produced a series of strategies among young people through which to counter the boredom and frustration they often experience. One of the more spectacular – and illegal – examples of this is "hooning" (a localized term for dangerous driving) by young males. […] [H]oons transform the quiet, often sleepy streets of neighborhoods on the Gold Coast into playscapes of their own. […] Equally salient in the context of the present discussion is the random night-time appropriation by hoons of particular streets and neighborhoods on the Gold Coast in which to enact the collective rituals that give the hoon culture both internal cohesion and local notoriety.

2012, Sarah Baker, Andy Bennett, Patricia Wise, “Living ‘The Strip’: Negotiating Neighborhood, Community, and Identity on Australia's Gold Coast”, in Chris Richardson, Hans A[rthur] Skott-Myhre, editors, Habitus of the Hood, Bristol, Chicago, Ill.: Intellect, →ISBN, pages 109–110:

(Australia, New Zealand, slang) A person who drives excessively quickly, loudly or irresponsibly; a street drag racer often driving heavily customized cars.

wegpiraat

young man who drives badly or excessively quickly


hoon

en-verb

hoon (third-person singular simple present hoons, present participle hooning, simple past and past participle hooned)

hoons (present singular third-person)
hooning (participle present)
hooned (participle past)
hooned (past)

[…] you've hooned off – it's fair to say hooned off – at quite a high speed.

2003, Western Australian Reports: Authorized Law Reports of the Supreme Court of Western Australia, volume 28, Sydney: Published for the Council of Law Reporting of Western Australia by Butterworths, →ISSN, page 249:

Cruising, hooning and street machining all involve the social use of public space where young people can exert agency by independently engaging with their surroundings. Young people use public space to meet their needs, and not always in the way a specific space was designed for. One example is that an industrial area may be used as a prime site for hooning and street racers to congregate because it is less frequently under the gaze of authorities.

2012, Rob White, “The Making, Shaking and Taking of Public Spaces”, in Carol Jones, Elaine Barclay, Rob [I.] Mawby, editors, The Problem of Pleasure: Leisure, Tourism and Crime, Abingdon, Oxon, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN:

Any Smokey in his Pig-pen within fifty kilometres had hooned up and down the streets towards the chase, sirens and tyres screaming, whether they could get into the actual pursuit or not, and all the criminals were glued to their TV's for the endless repeats of the demise of the gunmen in a mid-air ball of fire, […]

2015 November 20, Jim Ore, Crime is Everywhere (Solaris Saga; 4), Worcestershire: C. Bosley Publishing, →ISBN, page 244:

(especially Australia, New Zealand) To drive excessively quickly, loudly or irresponsibly.

avtoşluq etmək

to drive excessively quickly, loudly or irresponsibly


hoon

Borrowed from Hokkien 分 (hun). Doublet of fen and fan.

This abovementioned Chandoo or prepared opium for smoking is retailed by them [the East India Company] at 5 pice per hoon, equal to 8000 Spanish dollars per chest, and on the opposite or Queda shore the hoon is sold at 6 pice or 9,600 dollars, […]

1838, N[athaniel] Wallich, “XVII.—A Few Brief Notices on the State of the Population of Prince of Wales' Island, and of the Price at which Opium is Retailed in that Colony”, in Transactions of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India, volume I, Calcutta: Re-printed at the Baptist Mission Press, Circular Road, →OCLC, page 57:

Visited in company with the agent of the Opium farmer 4 Opium shops, found them filled with Chinese except one which had in addition 7 Malays and natives of India. Amongst these were 3 tailors; one woman 30 years old, was there smoking her pipe,—she had been in the habit of doing so for 3 years at the rate of 3 hoons daily,—before she commenced the habit of smoking had children but none since,—thinks that it is owing to the bad habit,—would like much to give up but is frightened.

1848 January, R. Little, “On the Habitual Use of Opium in Singapore”, in J[ames] R[ichardson] Logan, editor, The Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, volume II, number I, Singapore: Printed at the Mission Press, →OCLC, page 23:

Examined thirty-one men. Their average consumption was six hoons. The greatest daily consumption by one man was fifteen hoons; the smallest, two. The average number of years they had been addicted to the smoking of opium was seven years and some odd months.

1860, A chaplain in H. M. Indian Service [pseudonym; James Aberigh Mackay], “An Explanation of the Peiho Massacre”, in From London to Lucknow: With Memoranda of Mutinies, Marches, Flights, Fights, and Conversations. To which is Added, An Opium-smuggler's Explanation of the Peiho Massacre. By a Chaplain in H. M. Indian Service. In Two Volumes, volume II, London: James Nisbet & Co., 21 Berners Street, →OCLC, page 553:

Chinese Catty = 1.33 lb (605 g) / = 16 Tahil (liang or tael). / 1 Tahil = 10 Chee (chandu measures) / = 100 Hoon (fen).

1999, Carl A. Trocki, “Weights and Measures”, in Opium, Empire and the Global Political Economy: A Study of the Asian Opium Trade 1750–1950, Abingdon, Oxon., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page x:

The average smoker used only four hoons, leaving him 36 hoons, nearly half an ounce, to sell on the black market.

2005, Derek Mackay, “Retail Monopoly”, in Eastern Customs: The Customs Service in British Malaya and the Hunt for Opium, London: The Radcliffe Press, →ISBN, page 141:

(historical) A unit of weight (about 0.378125 of a gram, or 0.0133 of an ounce) used to measure opium in British-controlled parts of Asia; a candareen.


mil

Ultimately from Latin millesimum. The clippings come by way of the clipped words (e.g., millilitre, millimetre, milliradian).

en:angular mil, the 6400th part of a circle

An angular mil, a unit of angular measurement equal to ¹⁄₆₄₀₀ of a complete circle. At 1000 metres one mil subtends about one metre (0.98 m). Also ¹⁄₆₀₀₀ and ¹⁄₆₃₀₀ are used in other countries.


mil

mt-noun

mil m (dual milejn, plural mjiel or mili)

milejn (dual)
mjiel (plural)
mili (plural)


mil

head

mil m or f (definite singular mila or milen, indefinite plural mil, definite plural milene)

mila (definite singular)
milen (definite singular)
mil (indefinite plural)
milene (definite plural)

From Latin milia, millia and Old Norse míla.

(today in Norway) a distance of 10 kilometres

gammel norsk mil - old Norwegian mile, a distance of 11.3 kilometres

engelsk mil - a mile, 1.609 kilometres, as used in Britain and the US.


mil

nn-noun-irreg

mil f (definite singular mila, indefinite plural mil, definite plural milene)

mila (definite singular)
mil (indefinite plural)
milene (definite plural)

gammal norsk mil - old Norwegian mile, a distance of 11.3 kilometres


mil

mīl (canonical feminine)
mīl (nominative singular)
mīla (nominative plural)
mīle (nominative plural)
mīle (accusative singular)
mīla (accusative plural)
mīle (accusative plural)
mīle (genitive singular)
mīla (genitive plural)
mīle (dative singular)
mīlum (dative plural)

Middle English: myle, mile

Scots: mile

English: mile

Borrowed from Latin mīlia, plural of the numeral mīlle.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Sardina is þrī and þrītti mīla lang, and twā and twentiġ mīla brād.

Sardinia is thirty-three miles long, and twenty-two miles wide.


mil

mil (indefinite nominative singular)
mils (genitive indefinite singular)
milen (definite nominative singular)
milens (definite genitive singular)
mil (indefinite nominative plural)
mils (genitive indefinite plural)
milen (definite nominative plural)
milens (definite genitive plural)

Borrowed through Low German, from Latin mil(l)ia (passum) "thousand (steps)." First attested in the latter half of the 14th century.

engelsk mil

mile (in the English sense), international mile

(before 1699) Unit of length, with varying measurements depending on time period and region.


mil

mil (nominative)
milnıñ (genitive)
milga (dative)
milnı (accusative)
milda (locative)
mildan (ablative)

(archaic) a unit of length: 1 mil = 7 çaqrım = 7.467 km (see Obsolete Tatar units of measurement)


mil

head

mil (definite accusative mili, plural miller)

mili (accusative definite)
miller (plural)


pixel

pix (“pictures”), + el(ement); often taken to be a blend of “picture” and “element”. The ⟨x⟩ stems from the abbreviation pics being sometimes also written as pix, which has been in use since the 1880s. First attested in 1965.

A unit of measure used in screen displays, resolutions, and similar visual media that represents either linear measure or area.


من

ar-noun

مَنّ • (mann) m (plural أَمْنَان (ʔamnān))

مَنّ (canonical)
mann (romanization)
أَمْنَان (plural)
مَنّ (indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْمَنّ (definite informal singular triptote)
مَنّ (construct informal singular triptote)
مَنٌّ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْمَنُّ (definite nominative singular triptote)
مَنُّ (construct nominative singular triptote)
مَنًّا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
الْمَنَّ (accusative definite singular triptote)
مَنَّ (accusative construct singular triptote)
مَنٍّ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْمَنِّ (definite genitive singular triptote)
مَنِّ (construct genitive singular triptote)
مَنَّيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
الْمَنَّيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
مَنَّيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
مَنَّانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
الْمَنَّانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
مَنَّا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
مَنَّيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
الْمَنَّيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
مَنَّيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
مَنَّيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
الْمَنَّيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
مَنَّيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
أَمْنَان (broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الْأَمْنَان (broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
أَمْنَان (broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
أَمْنَانٌ (broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الْأَمْنَانُ (broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
أَمْنَانُ (broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
أَمْنَانًا (accusative broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَمْنَانَ (accusative broken-form definite plural triptote)
أَمْنَانَ (accusative broken-form construct plural triptote)
أَمْنَانٍ (broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَمْنَانِ (broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
أَمْنَانِ (broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

From Aramaic מָנָא (mānā), from Akkadian 𒈠𒉡𒌑 (manû), whence also Sumerian 𒈠𒈾 (ma-na /mana/) and Hebrew מָנֶה (mānḗ).

a historical unit of mass – translatable as mina or maund – varying usually between ca. 1–3 kilograms, however in some cases also going up over 40 kilograms.


من

From Middle Persian, from Akkadian 𒈠𒉡𒌑 (manû).


gran

grans (plural)
gra (alternative)
grao (alternative)
gram (alternative)
grão (alternative)

From Old Galician-Portuguese grão, from Latin grānum. Cognate with Portuguese grão, Spanish grano, and Catalan gra.

E nos dedes del de cada anno em paz et em salvo en a ayra do dito casar quarta de todo pan e grao que Deus em el der

1396, M. Romaní Martínez, editor, La colección diplomática de Santa María de Oseira, Santiago: Tórculo Edicións, IV; page 449:

and you shall give us each year, pacifically and safely, in the threshing ground of that farm, a quarter of all the bread and the grain that God there gives

(uncountable) grain, the seed of grass food crops

(historical, countable) grano, Spanish grain, a traditional unit of mass equivalent to about 50 mg

(countable) grain, any of various traditional units of mass notionally based on the weight of various grains

Tamen bay ese tabeque
meu velliño, pois fungàs
que cada grao de èl gorenta,
con eso as fremas sairàn.

1775, María Francisca Isla y Losada, Romance:

Also there it goes this tobacco,
my little old man, since you snivel:
each grain of it is delectable,
with this phlegms will go out.

(figurative, countable) speck, ounce, any extremely small quantity or amount


gran

gran (indefinite nominative singular)
grans (genitive indefinite singular)
granen (definite nominative singular)
granens (definite genitive singular)
granar (indefinite nominative plural)
granars (genitive indefinite plural)
granarna (definite nominative plural)
granarnas (definite genitive plural)

Inherited from Old Norse grǫn. First attested in the early 14th century.

etydate

hugga ner en gran

klä (jul)granen

spruce (mostly the species Picea abies or Norway spruce, the species found most often in Sweden)


poise

en-noun

poise (countable and uncountable, plural poises)

From Middle English poys, poyse, from Anglo-Norman pois, Middle French pois (“weight”) and Anglo-Norman poise, Middle French poise (“measure of weight”), from Latin pēnsāre (“to ponder, weight, think”). Doublet of peise.

der

Letterpress and offset gloss varnishes normally have viscosities varying from 50 to 250 poises; they must stain the paper as little as possible, have insufficient tack to cause plucking, […]

1959, E. A. Apps, Printing Ink Technology, page 415:

(physics) A CGS unit of dynamic viscosity equal to one dyne-second per square centimetre.

as an huge rockie clift, / Whose false foundation waues haue washt away, / With dreadfull poyse is from the mayneland rift, / […] So downe he fell […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

(obsolete) Weight; an amount of weight, the amount something weighs.


poise

en-verb

poise (third-person singular simple present poises, present participle poising, simple past and past participle poised)

poises (present singular third-person)
poising (participle present)
poised (participle past)
poised (past)

The slender, graceful spars / Poise aloft in the air.

1850, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Seaside and the Fireside:

(obsolete) To hang in equilibrium; to be balanced or suspended; hence, to be in suspense or doubt.

(obsolete) To be of a given weight; to weigh.


nl

(metrology) Symbol for nanolitre, an SI unit of fluid measure equal to 10⁻⁹ litres.


board-foot

A unit of cubic measure for timber, equal to one foot square by one inch thick.


statute mile

(US) The US survey mile, distinguished from the international mile adopted by treaty in the 1950s.


cubit

From Middle English cubite, from Latin cubitum (“elbow, cubit”). Doublet of cubitus, covado, and codo.

(historical) Any of various units of length approximating this distance, usually around 35–60 cm.

ذِرَاع

Any of various units of length approximating the forearm and hand


British thermal unit

en-noun

British thermal unit (plural British thermal units)

British thermal units (plural)
BTU (alternative)
Btu (alternative)

The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at a particular temperature (there are several different precise definitions) and a pressure of one atmosphere.

英熱單位 /英热单位

the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at a particular temperature


angstrom

angstroms (plural)
Angstrom (alternative)
angström (alternative)
ångstrom (alternative)
ångström (alternative)

Borrowed from Swedish ångström, named after Swedish physicist Anders Jonas Ångström.

named-after

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation#English

(physics, metrology) A unit of length equal to 10⁻¹⁰ meters (that is, one ten-billionth of a meter), approximately the size of an atom, and denoted by the symbol Å, used especially to measure the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation or distances between atoms.


pl

(metrology) Symbol for picoliter (picolitre), an SI unit of fluid measure equal to 10⁻¹² liters (litres).


motti

motti (nominative singular)
motit (nominative plural)
motti (accusative nominative singular)
motit (accusative nominative plural)
motin (accusative genitive singular)
motit (accusative genitive plural)
motin (genitive singular)
mottien (genitive plural)
mottia (partitive singular)
motteja (partitive plural)
motissa (inessive singular)
moteissa (inessive plural)
motista (elative singular)
moteista (elative plural)
mottiin (illative singular)
motteihin (illative plural)
motilla (adessive singular)
moteilla (adessive plural)
motilta (ablative singular)
moteilta (ablative plural)
motille (allative singular)
moteille (allative plural)
mottina (essive singular)
motteina (essive plural)
motiksi (singular translative)
moteiksi (plural translative)
motitta (abessive singular)
moteitta (abessive plural)
motein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
mottini (nominative singular)
mottini (nominative plural)
mottini (accusative nominative singular)
mottini (accusative nominative plural)
mottini (accusative genitive singular)
mottini (accusative genitive plural)
mottini (genitive singular)
mottieni (genitive plural)
mottiani (partitive singular)
mottejani (partitive plural)
motissani (inessive singular)
moteissani (inessive plural)
motistani (elative singular)
moteistani (elative plural)
mottiini (illative singular)
motteihini (illative plural)
motillani (adessive singular)
moteillani (adessive plural)
motiltani (ablative singular)
moteiltani (ablative plural)
motilleni (allative singular)
moteilleni (allative plural)
mottinani (essive singular)
motteinani (essive plural)
motikseni (singular translative)
moteikseni (plural translative)
motittani (abessive singular)
moteittani (abessive plural)
motteineni (comitative plural)
mottisi (nominative singular)
mottisi (nominative plural)
mottisi (accusative nominative singular)
mottisi (accusative nominative plural)
mottisi (accusative genitive singular)
mottisi (accusative genitive plural)
mottisi (genitive singular)
mottiesi (genitive plural)
mottiasi (partitive singular)
mottejasi (partitive plural)
motissasi (inessive singular)
moteissasi (inessive plural)
motistasi (elative singular)
moteistasi (elative plural)
mottiisi (illative singular)
motteihisi (illative plural)
motillasi (adessive singular)
moteillasi (adessive plural)
motiltasi (ablative singular)
moteiltasi (ablative plural)
motillesi (allative singular)
moteillesi (allative plural)
mottinasi (essive singular)
motteinasi (essive plural)
motiksesi (singular translative)
moteiksesi (plural translative)
motittasi (abessive singular)
moteittasi (abessive plural)
motteinesi (comitative plural)
mottimme (nominative singular)
mottimme (nominative plural)
mottimme (accusative nominative singular)
mottimme (accusative nominative plural)
mottimme (accusative genitive singular)
mottimme (accusative genitive plural)
mottimme (genitive singular)
mottiemme (genitive plural)
mottiamme (partitive singular)
mottejamme (partitive plural)
motissamme (inessive singular)
moteissamme (inessive plural)
motistamme (elative singular)
moteistamme (elative plural)
mottiimme (illative singular)
motteihimme (illative plural)
motillamme (adessive singular)
moteillamme (adessive plural)
motiltamme (ablative singular)
moteiltamme (ablative plural)
motillemme (allative singular)
moteillemme (allative plural)
mottinamme (essive singular)
motteinamme (essive plural)
motiksemme (singular translative)
moteiksemme (plural translative)
motittamme (abessive singular)
moteittamme (abessive plural)
motteinemme (comitative plural)
mottinne (nominative singular)
mottinne (nominative plural)
mottinne (accusative nominative singular)
mottinne (accusative nominative plural)
mottinne (accusative genitive singular)
mottinne (accusative genitive plural)
mottinne (genitive singular)
mottienne (genitive plural)
mottianne (partitive singular)
mottejanne (partitive plural)
motissanne (inessive singular)
moteissanne (inessive plural)
motistanne (elative singular)
moteistanne (elative plural)
mottiinne (illative singular)
motteihinne (illative plural)
motillanne (adessive singular)
moteillanne (adessive plural)
motiltanne (ablative singular)
moteiltanne (ablative plural)
motillenne (allative singular)
moteillenne (allative plural)
mottinanne (essive singular)
motteinanne (essive plural)
motiksenne (singular translative)
moteiksenne (plural translative)
motittanne (abessive singular)
moteittanne (abessive plural)
motteinenne (comitative plural)
mottinsa (nominative singular)
mottinsa (nominative plural)
mottinsa (accusative nominative singular)
mottinsa (accusative nominative plural)
mottinsa (accusative genitive singular)
mottinsa (accusative genitive plural)
mottinsa (genitive singular)
mottiensa (genitive plural)
mottiaan (partitive singular)
mottiansa (partitive singular)
mottejaan (partitive plural)
mottejansa (partitive plural)
motissaan (inessive singular)
motissansa (inessive singular)
moteissaan (inessive plural)
moteissansa (inessive plural)
motistaan (elative singular)
motistansa (elative singular)
moteistaan (elative plural)
moteistansa (elative plural)
mottiinsa (illative singular)
motteihinsa (illative plural)
motillaan (adessive singular)
motillansa (adessive singular)
moteillaan (adessive plural)
moteillansa (adessive plural)
motiltaan (ablative singular)
motiltansa (ablative singular)
moteiltaan (ablative plural)
moteiltansa (ablative plural)
motilleen (allative singular)
motillensa (allative singular)
moteilleen (allative plural)
moteillensa (allative plural)
mottinaan (essive singular)
mottinansa (essive singular)
motteinaan (essive plural)
motteinansa (essive plural)
motikseen (singular translative)
motiksensa (singular translative)
moteikseen (plural translative)
moteiksensa (plural translative)
motittaan (abessive singular)
motittansa (abessive singular)
moteittaan (abessive plural)
moteittansa (abessive plural)
motteineen (comitative plural)
motteinensa (comitative plural)


MV

(metrology) Symbol for megavolt, an SI unit of electromotive force equal to 10⁶ volts.


tunti

tunti (nominative singular)
tunnit (nominative plural)
tunti (accusative nominative singular)
tunnit (accusative nominative plural)
tunnin (accusative genitive singular)
tunnit (accusative genitive plural)
tunnin (genitive singular)
tuntien (genitive plural)
tuntia (partitive singular)
tunteja (partitive plural)
tunnissa (inessive singular)
tunneissa (inessive plural)
tunnista (elative singular)
tunneista (elative plural)
tuntiin (illative singular)
tunteihin (illative plural)
tunnilla (adessive singular)
tunneilla (adessive plural)
tunnilta (ablative singular)
tunneilta (ablative plural)
tunnille (allative singular)
tunneille (allative plural)
tuntina (essive singular)
tunteina (essive plural)
tunniksi (singular translative)
tunneiksi (plural translative)
tunnitta (abessive singular)
tunneitta (abessive plural)
tunnein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
tuntini (nominative singular)
tuntini (nominative plural)
tuntini (accusative nominative singular)
tuntini (accusative nominative plural)
tuntini (accusative genitive singular)
tuntini (accusative genitive plural)
tuntini (genitive singular)
tuntieni (genitive plural)
tuntiani (partitive singular)
tuntejani (partitive plural)
tunnissani (inessive singular)
tunneissani (inessive plural)
tunnistani (elative singular)
tunneistani (elative plural)
tuntiini (illative singular)
tunteihini (illative plural)
tunnillani (adessive singular)
tunneillani (adessive plural)
tunniltani (ablative singular)
tunneiltani (ablative plural)
tunnilleni (allative singular)
tunneilleni (allative plural)
tuntinani (essive singular)
tunteinani (essive plural)
tunnikseni (singular translative)
tunneikseni (plural translative)
tunnittani (abessive singular)
tunneittani (abessive plural)
tunteineni (comitative plural)
tuntisi (nominative singular)
tuntisi (nominative plural)
tuntisi (accusative nominative singular)
tuntisi (accusative nominative plural)
tuntisi (accusative genitive singular)
tuntisi (accusative genitive plural)
tuntisi (genitive singular)
tuntiesi (genitive plural)
tuntiasi (partitive singular)
tuntejasi (partitive plural)
tunnissasi (inessive singular)
tunneissasi (inessive plural)
tunnistasi (elative singular)
tunneistasi (elative plural)
tuntiisi (illative singular)
tunteihisi (illative plural)
tunnillasi (adessive singular)
tunneillasi (adessive plural)
tunniltasi (ablative singular)
tunneiltasi (ablative plural)
tunnillesi (allative singular)
tunneillesi (allative plural)
tuntinasi (essive singular)
tunteinasi (essive plural)
tunniksesi (singular translative)
tunneiksesi (plural translative)
tunnittasi (abessive singular)
tunneittasi (abessive plural)
tunteinesi (comitative plural)
tuntimme (nominative singular)
tuntimme (nominative plural)
tuntimme (accusative nominative singular)
tuntimme (accusative nominative plural)
tuntimme (accusative genitive singular)
tuntimme (accusative genitive plural)
tuntimme (genitive singular)
tuntiemme (genitive plural)
tuntiamme (partitive singular)
tuntejamme (partitive plural)
tunnissamme (inessive singular)
tunneissamme (inessive plural)
tunnistamme (elative singular)
tunneistamme (elative plural)
tuntiimme (illative singular)
tunteihimme (illative plural)
tunnillamme (adessive singular)
tunneillamme (adessive plural)
tunniltamme (ablative singular)
tunneiltamme (ablative plural)
tunnillemme (allative singular)
tunneillemme (allative plural)
tuntinamme (essive singular)
tunteinamme (essive plural)
tunniksemme (singular translative)
tunneiksemme (plural translative)
tunnittamme (abessive singular)
tunneittamme (abessive plural)
tunteinemme (comitative plural)
tuntinne (nominative singular)
tuntinne (nominative plural)
tuntinne (accusative nominative singular)
tuntinne (accusative nominative plural)
tuntinne (accusative genitive singular)
tuntinne (accusative genitive plural)
tuntinne (genitive singular)
tuntienne (genitive plural)
tuntianne (partitive singular)
tuntejanne (partitive plural)
tunnissanne (inessive singular)
tunneissanne (inessive plural)
tunnistanne (elative singular)
tunneistanne (elative plural)
tuntiinne (illative singular)
tunteihinne (illative plural)
tunnillanne (adessive singular)
tunneillanne (adessive plural)
tunniltanne (ablative singular)
tunneiltanne (ablative plural)
tunnillenne (allative singular)
tunneillenne (allative plural)
tuntinanne (essive singular)
tunteinanne (essive plural)
tunniksenne (singular translative)
tunneiksenne (plural translative)
tunnittanne (abessive singular)
tunneittanne (abessive plural)
tunteinenne (comitative plural)
tuntinsa (nominative singular)
tuntinsa (nominative plural)
tuntinsa (accusative nominative singular)
tuntinsa (accusative nominative plural)
tuntinsa (accusative genitive singular)
tuntinsa (accusative genitive plural)
tuntinsa (genitive singular)
tuntiensa (genitive plural)
tuntiaan (partitive singular)
tuntiansa (partitive singular)
tuntejaan (partitive plural)
tuntejansa (partitive plural)
tunnissaan (inessive singular)
tunnissansa (inessive singular)
tunneissaan (inessive plural)
tunneissansa (inessive plural)
tunnistaan (elative singular)
tunnistansa (elative singular)
tunneistaan (elative plural)
tunneistansa (elative plural)
tuntiinsa (illative singular)
tunteihinsa (illative plural)
tunnillaan (adessive singular)
tunnillansa (adessive singular)
tunneillaan (adessive plural)
tunneillansa (adessive plural)
tunniltaan (ablative singular)
tunniltansa (ablative singular)
tunneiltaan (ablative plural)
tunneiltansa (ablative plural)
tunnilleen (allative singular)
tunnillensa (allative singular)
tunneilleen (allative plural)
tunneillensa (allative plural)
tuntinaan (essive singular)
tuntinansa (essive singular)
tunteinaan (essive plural)
tunteinansa (essive plural)
tunnikseen (singular translative)
tunniksensa (singular translative)
tunneikseen (plural translative)
tunneiksensa (plural translative)
tunnittaan (abessive singular)
tunnittansa (abessive singular)
tunneittaan (abessive plural)
tunneittansa (abessive plural)
tunteineen (comitative plural)
tunteinensa (comitative plural)
stunti (alternative)


בת

he-noun

בַּת • (bat) m or f (plural indefinite בָּתִּים)

בַּת (canonical)
bat (romanization)
בָּתִּים (indefinite plural)

→ English: bath

desc

→ Ancient Greek: βάτος (bátos), βάδος (bádos)

Perhaps related to Arabic بَاطِيَة (bāṭiya, “wine-vessel”) etc. what is mentioned there.

(Biblical Hebrew) a liquid measure of about 40 litres


ZH

(metrology) Symbol for zettahenry, an SI unit of electrical inductance equal to 10²¹ henrys.