word

wordes (plural)
word (plural)
vord (alternative)
weord (alternative)
woord (alternative)
worde (alternative)
wourd (alternative)
wurd (alternative)

English: word

Middle Scots: word, wourd

Scots: wird, word, wurd

From Old English word, from Proto-West Germanic *word, from Proto-Germanic *wurdą, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰh₁om. Doublet of verbe.

(rare) The human faculty of language as a whole.


lingvo

eo-head

lingvo (accusative singular lingvon, plural lingvoj, accusative plural lingvojn)

lingvon (accusative singular)
lingvoj (plural)
lingvojn (accusative plural)

From Latin lingua, from Old Latin dingua, from Proto-Italic *denɣwā, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.

1915, L. L. Zamenhof (translator), Malnova Testamento, Genezo 11:1.
Sur la tuta tero estis unu lingvo kaj unu parolmaniero.

In the whole world there was one language and one way of speaking.


polyglot

/ˈpɑlɪˌɡlɑt/

Book of Genesis
Complutensian Polyglot Bible
Targum Onkelos

PIE word
 *glōgʰs
Borrowed from Attic Greek πολύγλωττος (polúglōttos, “speaking many languages, multilingual”), alternative form of Ancient Greek πολῠ́γλωσσος (polŭ́glōssos, “speaking many languages, multilingual”), from πολῠ́ς (polŭ́s, “a lot of, many”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”)) + Attic Greek γλῶττα (glôtta), Ancient Greek γλῶσσᾰ (glôssă, “tongue; language”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *glōgʰs (“tip of corn”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming o-grade action nouns). The English word is analysable as poly- + -glot.
Noun sense 1 (“publication in several languages”) is probably derived from Late Latin polyglottus, from Attic Greek πολύγλωττος (polúglōttos): see above.

der

πολῠ́γλωσσος

'[T]is thought the two and twenty Languages which Mythrydates the great Polyglot King of Pontus did ſpeak, wer all within the circumference of Anatolia in regard his dominions extended but a little further: […]

1630 August 4 (Gregorian calendar), James Howell, “LVIII. To the Right Hon. the E. R.”, in [Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ.] A New Volume of Familiar Letters, […], 3rd edition, volume II, London: […] Humphrey Mos[e]ley, […], published 1655, →OCLC, section, page 77:

For this flyaway son of a Phœnician did not seem to wait for the decision of the polyglot Judges of the Emigration Board.

1910 January 12, Ameen Rihani, “On the Wharf of Enchantment”, in The Book of Khalid, New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead and Company, published October 1911, →OCLC, book the first (In the Exchange), page 38:

Of a person: speaking, or versed in, many languages; multilingual.

шматмо́ўны

of a person: speaking, or versed in, many languages — see also multilingual

a polyglot bible    a polyglot lexicon

Containing, or made up of, several languages; specifically, of a book (especially a bible): having text translated into several languages.

poliglot

containing, or made up of, several languages


polyglot

polyglots (plural)
polyglott (alternative)

/ˈpɑlɪˌɡlɑt/

πολῠ́γλωσσος

[T]hose coming to the warehouses' doors fired them, and burned all the books and the pillars of the church, […] A great want thereof there will be of books, specially Latin books and foreign books; and, among others, the Polyglottes and new Bible, which he believes will be presently worth £40 a-piece.

1666 October 15 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Samuel Pepys, Mynors Bright, transcriber, “October 5th, 1666”, in Henry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor, The Diary of Samuel Pepys […], volume VI, London: George Bell & Sons […]; Cambridge: Deighton Bell & Co., published 1895, →OCLC, page 7:

But ſince that period the biblical apparatus has been much enriched by the publication of polyglots; […]

1792, William Newcome, “Arguments Shewing that an Improved Version of the Bible is Expedient”, in An Historical View of the English Biblical Translations: The Expediency of Revising by Authority our Present Translation: And the Means of Executing Such a Revision, Dublin: […] John Exshaw, →OCLC, page 239:

A publication in several languages; specifically, a book (especially a bible) containing several versions of the same subject matter or text in several languages.

Laſtly, a polyg[l]ot or good linguiſt may alſo be term'd a uſefull learned man, ſpecially if vers'd in School-languages.

c. 1646–1647, James Howell, “VIII. To the Right Honourable My Lord of D.”, in [Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ.] A Third Volume of Familiar Letters of a Fresher Date. […], 3rd edition, volume III, London: […] Humphrey Mos[e]ley, […], published 1655, →OCLC, section, page 15:

(also figuratively) One who has mastered (especially when able to speak) several languages.

poliglot

one who has mastered (especially when able to speak) several languages

(also figuratively) A mixture of languages or nomenclatures.

programming language
programming language

(programming) A program written to be valid in multiple programming languages.


bahasa

ms-noun

bahasa (Jawi spelling بهاس, plural bahasa-bahasa)

→ English: Bahasa (along with Indonesian bahasa)

desctree

Indonesian: bahasa, basa (colloquial, uncommon)
→ Cia-Cia: bahasa
→ Dutch: bahasa
→ English: Bahasa (along with Malay bahasa)

→ Musi: bahaso, baso

Negeri Sembilan Malay: baso

Pattani Malay: بهاس (bahasa)

→ Tausug: bahasa

→ Yakan: bahasa

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā, “language”).

bor+

bahasa Melayu

language (system of communication using words or symbols)


sana

sana (nominative singular)
sanad (nominative plural)
sanan (accusative singular)
sanad (accusative plural)
sanan (genitive singular)
sanoiden (genitive plural)
sanad (partitive singular)
sanoid (partitive plural)
sanan (essive-instructive singular)
sanoin (essive-instructive plural)
sanaks (singular translative)
sanoikš (plural translative)
sanas (inessive singular)
sanoiš (inessive plural)
sanaspäi (elative singular)
sanoišpäi (elative plural)
sanaha (illative singular)
sanoihe (illative plural)
sanal (adessive singular)
sanoil (adessive plural)
sanalpäi (ablative singular)
sanoilpäi (ablative plural)
sanale (allative singular)
sanoile (allative plural)
sanata (abessive singular)
sanoita (abessive plural)
sananke (comitative singular)
sanoidenke (comitative plural)
sanadme (prolative singular)
sanoidme (plural prolative)
sananno (approximative approximative-i singular)
sanoidenno (approximative approximative-i plural)
sanannoks (approximative approximative-ii singular)
sanoidennoks (approximative approximative-ii plural)
sanannopäi (egressive singular)
sanoidennopäi (egressive plural)
sanahasai (singular terminative terminative-i)
sanoihesai (plural terminative terminative-i)
sanalesai (singular terminative terminative-ii)
sanoilesai (plural terminative terminative-ii)
sanassai (singular terminative terminative-iii)
sanahapäi (additive additive-i singular)
sanoihepäi (additive additive-i plural)
sanalepäi (additive additive-ii singular)
sanoilepäi (additive additive-ii plural)


lingo

en-noun

lingo (countable and uncountable, plural lingos or lingoes)

From Latin lingua (“language”) + -o (diminutive suffix).

[...] I have Thoughts to tarry a ſmall Matter in Town, to learn ſomewhat of your Lingo firſt, before I croſs the Seas.

1700, [William] Congreve, The Way of the World, a Comedy. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act III, scene xv, page 47:

"You see, ma'am, I can't divest myself of my professional lingo," observed Mr. Banks.

1846, George W.M. Reynolds, The Mysteries of London, volume 1, London: George Vickers, page 327:

Nobody could make out plain what she said, for she was mainly jabbering Swede lingo, but there was English enough, of a kind, to give us some idee.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter XII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

(informal) Language, especially language peculiar to a particular group, field, or region; jargon or a dialect.

argot

language peculiar to a particular group or region


侉

(dialectal) speaking with an accent, especially a non-local one


語

日本語 ― nihongo ― Japanese

英語 ― eigo ― English

スペイン語 ― supeingo ― Spanish


語

語釈

explanation or explication of a word, term, phrase, or clause

語勢

stress, tone, or emphasis; a manner of speaking

語弊

a misleading expression; a misunderstanding


tiếng

cái (classifier)
thứ (classifier)
㗂 (CJK)
𪱐 (CJK)

Ultimately from Chinese 聲 (MC syeng), likely through a Tai language (compare Thai เสียง (sǐiang)) since the tonal correspondence is atypical for a direct borrowing. Cognate with Muong thiểng.
Attested as tiếng in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

nói ba thứ tiếng


язык

ru-noun+

язы́к • (jazýk) m inan or m anim (genitive языка́, nominative plural языки́, genitive plural языко́в, relational adjective языково́й or языко́вый or язы́чный, diminutive язычо́к)

язы́к (canonical)
jazýk (romanization)
языка́ (genitive)
языки́ (nominative plural)
языко́в (genitive plural)
языково́й (adjective relational)
языко́вый (adjective relational)
язы́чный (adjective relational)
язычо́к (diminutive)
язы́к (nominative singular)
языки́ (nominative plural)
языка́ (genitive singular)
языко́в (genitive plural)
языку́ (dative singular)
языка́м (dative plural)
языка́ (accusative animate singular)
языко́в (accusative animate plural)
язы́к (accusative inanimate singular)
языки́ (accusative inanimate plural)
языко́м (instrumental singular)
языка́ми (instrumental plural)
языке́ (prepositional singular)
языка́х (plural prepositional)
язы́къ (alternative)
езы́к (alternative)

Inherited from Old East Slavic ѧзꙑкъ (językŭ), from Proto-Slavic *ęzykъ, from Early Proto-Slavic *inzū́kus, Proto-Balto-Slavic *inźūˀkas, from earlier *dinźūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s, whence English tongue and language.

inh+

язы́чник mанглоязы́чныймногоязы́чныйрусскоязы́чный

ру́сский язы́к


język

pl-noun

język m inan (diminutive języczek, augmentative jęzor, related adjective językowy, abbreviation j. or jęz.)

języczek (diminutive)
jęzor (augmentative)
językowy (adjective)
j. (abbreviation)
jęz. (abbreviation)
język (nominative singular)
języki (nominative plural)
języka (genitive singular)
języków (genitive plural)
językowi (dative singular)
językom (dative plural)
język (accusative singular)
języki (accusative plural)
językiem (instrumental singular)
językami (instrumental plural)
języku (locative singular)
językach (locative plural)
języku (singular vocative)
języki (plural vocative)
jezyk (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s
Proto-Balto-Slavic *inźūˀ
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Slavic *-kъ
Proto-Slavic *ęzykъ
Old Polish język
Polish język
Inherited from Old Polish język. Cognate with English tongue and language.

etymon

language, tongue (body of words, and set of methods of combining them (called a grammar), understood by a community and used as a form of communication)

language (subject teaching a manner of speech in education)

language (sublanguage: the slang of a particular community or jargon of a particular specialist field)

Near-synonym: styl

language (expression of thought (the communication of meaning) in a specified way; that which communicates something, as language does; i.e. of film or body language)

(programming) language (computer language; a machine language)


lingua

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese lingua, from Latin lingua. Compare Portuguese língua.

inh+

(countable) language (a body of words, and set of methods of combining them (called a grammar), understood by a community and used as a form of communication)


lingua

lad-noun

lingua f (Hebrew spelling לינגוה, plural linguas)

לינגוה (Hebrew)
linguas (plural)
alguenga (alternative)
aluenga (alternative)
eluenga (alternative)
lengua (alternative)
luenga (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish lengua (“tongue”), from Latin lingua. Cognate with Spanish lengua and more distantly Yiddish צונג (tsung).

inh+

Aún kon esto se siente akí ke mos topamos delantre de la lingua eskrita del autor mizmo, ke en realidad es únika.

1999, Eliezer Papo, La megila de Saray, E. Papo, page 6:

Even with this, here it feels that we find ourselves before a written language from the same author, who in reality is unique.


lingua

la-noun

lingua f (genitive linguae); first declension

linguae (genitive)
lingua (nominative singular)
linguae (nominative plural)
linguae (genitive singular)
linguārum (genitive plural)
linguae (dative singular)
linguīs (dative plural)
linguam (accusative singular)
linguās (accusative plural)
linguā (ablative singular)
linguīs (ablative plural)
lingua (singular vocative)
linguae (plural vocative)
dingua (alternative pre-Classical)

Balkano-Romance:

Aromanian: limbã

Istro-Romanian: limbĕ

Megleno-Romanian: limbă

Romanian: limbă

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: lingua

Dalmatian: langa, luanga

Istriot: lèngua, lengua, laèngua

desctree

Italian: lingua, lengua
→ Greek: λίγκα (lígka)
→ Maltese: lingwa
→? Sabir: lingua

⇒ Italian: linguine (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: lengua, lenga

Sicilian: lingua

desc

Venetan: łéngua, łéngoa, léngoa, lengoa, léngua

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: lenghe

Ladin: lënga

Romansch: lieunga, lengua, glianga, laungia, leua

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: längua

Ligurian: lengua

Lombard: lengua

Piedmontese: lenga

Romagnol: lèngva

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: lengoua

desctree

Old French: langue, lingue, lengue
Middle French: langue
French: langue (see there for further descendants)
Champenois: laingue
Franc-Comtois: landye
Norman: laungue
Picard: lingue
Poitevin-Saintongeais: lengue
Walloon: linwe

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: lengua

Catalan: llengua

Old Occitan: lengua, lenga
Occitan: lenga
Gascon: lengua
Limousin: linga
Provençal: lengo, lenguo

Ibero-Romance:

desc

Aragonese: luenga (with metathesis of /w/)

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: lingua, lengoa, lengua, lingoa
Fala: lengua
Galician: lingua
Portuguese: língua (see there for further descendants)

Old Leonese:

desc

Asturian: llingua, llengua, lluengua (Eastern Asturias), ḷḷingua, ḷḷuinga (Ayer), chingua (Valdés), chengua (Valdés), yuönga (Cabrales)

Extremaduran: luenga

Leonese: llingua

Mirandese: lhéngua

Old Spanish: lengua

Ladino: לינגוה / lengua, lingua

desctree

Spanish: lengua
Chavacano: lengua
Papiamentu: lenga

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: limba (Logudorese), lingua (Campidanese)

Borrowings:

→ English: lingua

→ Esperanto: lingvo

From older dingua (attested as a rare word in Gaius Marius Victorinus), from Proto-Italic *denɣwā, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s. The change of d- to l- is variously explained by a borrowing from another Italic language with such a shift and/or by a folk-etymological association with the verb lingō (“to lick”); compare Old Armenian լեզու (lezu) and Lithuanian liežùvis for the latter process. Other cognates include German Zunge and English tongue.

[…], Latinam linguam non modo non inopem, ut vulgo putarent, sed locupletiorem etiam esse quam Graecam.

45 BCE, Cicero, De finibus bonorum et malorum 1.10

[…], the Latin language, so far from having a poor vocabulary, as is commonly supposed, is actually richer than the Greek.

(metonymic) a tongue, utterance, language, speech

[…] illis non verborum modo, sed linguarum etiam inter se differentium copia est.

c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 12.10.34

they [the Greeks] have not merely abundance of words, but they have also a number of different dialects.

(post-classical) a dialect, idiom or mode of speech

a tongue, utterance, language, speech
the tongue or language of a people
a dialect, idiom or mode of speech

volucrum linguas et praepetis omina pennae

the language of birds and the omens of their wings in flight

(poetic, of animals) a voice, note, song, bark, etc.

a tongue, utterance, language, speech
a voice, note, song, bark, etc.

protinus enim potest interpretationem linguae secretioris, quas Graeci γλώσσας vocant

c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 1.1.35

He can readily learn the explanations or glosses, as the Greeks call them, of the more obscure words by the way

a tongue, utterance, language, speech
an utterance, expression

saepe illī dīxerat Almō ‘nāta, tenē linguam,’ nec tamen illa tenet.
Many a time had Almo said to her, ‘‘Daughter, hold your tongue,’’ and yet she did not hold it.
(The river deity Almo (god) and his daughter, whom Ovid identifies as the Naiad Lara, otherwise known in ancient mythology as Larunda or Dea Tacita. The name of the ever-talkative Lara – a repeated syllable, as in ‘‘la-la’’ – echoes the Greek λαλεῖν, to talk, chat, prattle, speak.)

to hold one's tongue (linguam comprimere, linguam tenēre)

[…], largus opum et lingua melior, sed frigida bello dextera, […]

[…]: lavish of his wealth, and a better speaker, but with a hand frozen in battle: […]


lingua

Inherited from Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”).

inh+

(Rumantsch Grischun, Puter, Vallader, countable) language (a body of words, and set of methods of combining them (called a grammar), understood by a community and used as a form of communication)


tale

Dutch: taal

Afrikaans: taal

West Flemish: toale

From Old Dutch *tala, from Proto-West Germanic *talu, from Proto-Germanic *talō.


زبان

ur-noun

زَبان or زُبان • (zabān or zubān) f (Hindi spelling ज़बान or ज़ुबान)

زَبان (canonical)
زُبان (canonical)
zabān (romanization)
zubān (romanization)
ज़बान (Hindi)
ज़ुबान (Hindi)
زُباں (alternative poetic)

→ Phalura: zabaán

Borrowed from Classical Persian زبان (zabān, zubān), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hižwáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH. First attested in c. 1603 as Middle Hindi زبان (zban /zabān/),. Doublet of جِیبھ (jībh).

ref

“زبان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.


multilingual

en-adj

multilingual (comparative more multilingual, superlative most multilingual)

more multilingual (comparative)
most multilingual (superlative)

Hampton Court railway station
multilingualism

In reality, the multidimensionality of language contact in multilingual environments ensures no such neat compartmentalisation.

2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide, page 9:

Of, relating to, or involving multiple languages.

(of a person) Able to communicate in a number of languages.

shumëgjuhësh

able to communicate fluently in multiple languages


nimi

nimi (nominative singular)
nimed (nominative plural)
nime (genitive singular)
nimije (genitive plural)
nimii (genitive plural)
nimmiä (partitive singular)
nimiite (partitive plural)
nimii (partitive plural)
nimmese (illative singular)
nimme (illative singular)
nimiise (illative plural)
nimez (inessive singular)
nimiiz (inessive plural)
nimesse (elative singular)
nimiisse (elative plural)
nimele (allative singular)
nimiile (allative plural)
nimelle (adessive singular)
nimiille (adessive plural)
nimelte (ablative singular)
nimiilte (ablative plural)
nimessi (singular translative)
nimiissi (plural translative)

From Proto-Finnic *nimi, from Proto-Uralic *nime.


palabra

Inherited from Spanish palabra, from Old Spanish parabla, from Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ, “comparison; parable”). Doublet of parábola.


palabra

→ English: palabra

→ French: palabre

→ Greek: παλάβρα (palávra)

desctree

→ Turkish: palavra, palavara, patavra, partal (dialectal)
→ Romanian: palavră

→ Papiamentu: palabra

→ Tagalog: palabra

Inherited from Old Spanish parabla by hyperthesis, from Late Latin, from Latin parabola (“comparison; later, speech”), from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ, “comparison; parable”). Doublet of parábola, a borrowing. Compare English parley, palaver, parable and parole.

inh

a buen entendedor, pocas palabras bastan


dialectos

la-noun

dialectos f (genitive dialectī); second declension

dialectī (genitive)
dialectos (nominative singular)
dialectī (nominative plural)
dialectoe (nominative plural)
dialectī (genitive singular)
dialectōrum (genitive plural)
dialectō (dative singular)
dialectīs (dative plural)
dialecton (accusative singular)
dialectōs (accusative plural)
dialectō (ablative singular)
dialectīs (ablative plural)
dialecte (singular vocative)
dialectī (plural vocative)
dialectoe (plural vocative)
dialectus (alternative)

→ Asturian: dialectu m

Asturian: dialeutu

→ Catalan: dialecte m

→ Extremaduran: dialeutu m

→ German: Dialekt m

Istriot: gialìto m

→ Italian: dialetto m

desctree

→ Middle French: dialecte m
French: dialecte
→ Romanian: dialect
→ Turkish: diyalekt
→ English: dialect

→ Lombard: dialèt

→ Norman: dgialecte m

→ Occitan: dialècte m

Piedmontese: dialèt m

→ Portuguese: dialeto m

Sardinian: dialetu m

Sicilian: dialettu m

Sicilian: rialettu

→ Spanish: dialecto m

Venetan: diałeto m

From the Ancient Greek δῐᾰ́λεκτος (dĭắlektos).

Nihilo lenior in convictores Graeculos, quibus vel maxime adquiescebat, Xenonem quendam exquisitius sermocinantem cum interrogasset, quaenam illa tam molesta dialectos esset, et ille respondisset Doridem, relegavit Cinariam, existimans exprobratum sibi veterem secessum, quod Dorice Rhodii loquantur.

c. 69 CE – 122 CE, Suetonius, Vita Divi Tiberii 56

He was not a whit milder towards his Greek companions, in whose society he took special pleasure. When one Xeno was holding forth in somewhat far-fetched phrases, he asked him what dialect that was which was so affected, and on Xeno's replying that it was Doric, he banished him to Cinaria, believing that he was being taunted with his old-time exile, inasmuch as the Rhodians spoke Doric.

a dialect (a form of a language peculiar to a region) (esp. Greek)


tun

From Proto-Hlai *tʰun (“language”), from Pre-Hlai *tun (Norquest, 2015).


לשון

yi-noun

לשון • (loshn) n, plural לשונות (leshoynes)

loshn (romanization)
leshoynes (romanization)

language (system of communication using words or symbols)


لغة

لغة أجنبية

اللغة الأم

Audio (Ramallah): (file)


te reo

→ English: te reo

Clipping of te reo Māori; equivalent to te (definite article) + reo (“language, speech”).

compound

In 1979 a gathering of elders at the Waananga kaumatua affirmed te reo Maori “Ko te reo te mauri o te mana Maori” the language is the life principle of Maori mana.

2006, Joanne Barker, Sovereignty Matters, page 208:


낱말

Of native Korean origin. From 낱 (nat, “unit, piece”) + 말 (mal, “talk, language”).


recension

[ɹ̠ʷɪ̈ˈsɛ̃n(t̚)ʃə̃n]

From Latin recēnsiō (“enumeration; review; reassessment”), from recēnseō (“to count, reckon; to examine, review; to go over, revise”), from re- (“again”) (from Proto-Italic *wre (“again”); further etymology uncertain) + cēnseō (“to give an opinion; to suppose, think; to assess”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱn̥seh₁-, *ḱn̥seye- (“to announce”)).

der

The existence of two major literary centres in the First Bulgarian Empire led to the emergence of two recensions of Old Church Slavonic: the Bulgarian Recension and the Macedonian Recension.

The Russian recension of Old Church Slavonic emerged after the 10th century and was characterized by the substitution of /u/ for the nasal sound /õ/.

As the Hebrew manuscripts which have been in use since the eleventh century have all been corrected according to some particular recension or edition, they have from this circumstance been classed into Families, according to the country where such recension has obtained. These families or recensions are three or four in number, […]

1828, Thomas Hartwell Horne, “On the Manuscripts of the Bible”, in An Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, 6th corrected and enlarged edition, volume II, London: Printed for T[homas] Cadell, […]; Edinburgh: W[illiam] Blackwood; Dublin: R. Milliken, →OCLC, section I.VII (Modern Families or Recensions of Hebrew Manuscripts), page 85:

Next, what is meant by the more accurate copies of the Nyssene father? Were they the copies which were most carefully written? This would seem to be what he meant by the expression; but in deciding his question, we are not to ask about the care of the transcribers, but by what critics the text was settled, to what Recension the Mss. [manuscripts] belonged. Was it to the Recension of Origen, Hesychius, or Lucian? Certainly not to Origen's, or the Palestinian Recension; for Victor of Antioch and the Scholiasts are unanimous in stating, that the Παλαιστιναῖον εὐαγγέλιον contained the verses.

1836, [Johann Leonhard Hug], M[oses] Stuart, “Supplement Respecting Some Disputed Portions of the Gospels”, in David Fosdick Jr., transl., Hug’s Introduction to the New Testament: Translated from the Third German Edition […], Andover, N.Y.: Printed and published by Gould and Newman, →OCLC, § 75 (Mark 16:9–20), pages 479–480:

Nor is it true, as asserted by some writers, that the modern Bulgarian dialect has made the widest departure of any from the old Slavic tongue. While many of the grammatical inflexions have ceased to appear, yet the radical words remain substantially the same as in the days of Cyril and Methodius, and we will hazard the statement that if the most ancient copy of the Gospel before the Russian recension were read in the presence of Bulgarians and Russians it would be no less intelligible to the former than to the latter.

1871 January, “Art. II—The Slavic Races.”, in D. D. Whedon, editor, Methodist Quarterly Review, volume XXIII (Fourth Series; volume LIII overall), New York, N.Y.: Carlton & Lanahan; San Francisco, Calif.: E. Thomas; Cincinnati, Oh.: Hitchcock & Walden, →OCLC, pages 41–42:

A family of manuscripts which share similar traits; the variety of a language which is used in such manuscripts.


sign language

en-noun

sign language (countable and uncountable, plural sign languages)

It is safe to say that the academic world is now convinced that sign languages are real languages in every sense of the term.

2000, Wendy Sandler, Diane Lillo-Martin, edited by Mark Aronoff and Janie Rees-Miller, The Handbook of Linguistics:

(countable) One of several natural languages, typically used by the deaf, in which words consist of hand shapes, motions, positions, and facial expressions.

I'm taking night classes to learn sign language.

(uncountable) The sign language (sense 1) that is used locally or that is mistakenly believed to be the only one.

There are some unique properties found in sign language compared to spoken language.

(uncountable) Sign languages (sense 1) considered collectively.

Even Maxwell the trader, who has been most among them, is compelled to resort to the curious sign language common to most of the prairie tribes.

1847, Francis Parkman, The Oregon Trail:

(countable or uncountable) Communication through gestures as a substitute for language, for example, between monks under a vow of silence or during trade amongst different linguistic groups.


linguo

Borrowed from Esperanto lingvo, French langue, Italian lingua, Spanish lengua.


glare

head

glare f (genitive singular glare, plural glaraghyn)

glare (genitive singular)
glaraghyn (plural)
glare
ghlare
nglare


mother tongue

/ˈmʌð.ə ˌtʌŋ/

/ˈmʌð.ɚ ˌtʌŋ/

From Middle English mother tonge, modyr tong, equivalent to mother + tongue. Compare Old Norse móðurtunga (“mother tongue”).

His mother tongue is a relatively conservative dialect of Aramaic.

One young Tamil teacher had assimilated the sound-system of English so thoroughly to that of his mother-tongue that none of the Chinese and Malay children understood him.

1958, Anthony Burgess, The Enemy in the Blanket (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 277:

Throughout their long history as a minority, Anglo-Indians learned their "father tongue" but were indifferent to their "mother tongue," an indigenous Indian language.

1973, Noel Pitts Gist, Roy Dean Wright, Marginality and Identity, →ISBN:

A father tongue is a foreign language, therefore English is a foreign language not a mother tongue.

1993, Janice Rae Williamson, Sounding differences: conversations with seventeen Canadian women writers, →ISBN:

Ramanujan has also argued that many Hindu men have both a mother tongue (the everyday language, such as Tamil, spoken by women downstairs, in the back, in the kitchen) and a father tongue (once Sanskrit, more recently English, the literary lingua franca spoken—or at least discussed—by men in the front rooms).

2011, Wendy Doniger, The Implied Spider, →ISBN, page 144:

In the early Middle Ages, 'mother tongue' was largely 'a pejorative term to describe the unlearned language of women and children' (Haugen 1991: 82). This reflected the low status of women in society and contrasted with Latin, the more prestigious 'father tongue' on the continent.

2012, Máiréad Nic Craith, Narratives of Place, Belonging and Language, →ISBN:

The language one first learned; the language one grew up with; one's native language.

ቋንቋ ኣደ

ḳʷanḳʷa ʾadä

Questions about respondents' place of birth, their parents' place of birth, nativity, and language use (called “mother tongue” and “father tongue”) were added to the Census between 1850 and 1960.

2006, Yo Jackson, Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology, →ISBN:

Informed by the experience of other parents who had successfully raised their children with more than one language and our own observations, we knew clearly that Léandre and Dominique's mother tongue and father tongue would not have a chance without deliberate 'control' of their linguistic environment.

2008 -, Xiao-Lei Wang, Growing Up with Three Languages: Birth to Eleven, →ISBN, page 58:

The language spoken by one's mother, when it differs from that spoken by one's father.

The other is the maturity and experience of that; if that is our mother tongue, this is our father tongue, a reserved and select expression, too significant to be heard by the ear, which we must be born again in order to speak.

1854, Henry David Thoreau, Walden, or Life in the Woods:

We learn the father tongue to prove we have outgrown the mother tongue.

1992, Gail B. Griffin, Calling : essays on teaching in the mother tongue, page 169:

In each case, we are reborn -- a fact that explains Thoreau's preference here for the father tongue over the mother tongue, as Cavell explains: "A son of man is born of woman; but rebirth, according to our Bible, is the business of the father."

2017, Andrew Norris, Becoming Who We Are, →ISBN:

Informal speech, as opposed to educated language.


traducere

traduceri (plural)
traducere (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
traducerea (accusative definite nominative singular)
traduceri (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
traducerile (accusative definite nominative plural)
traduceri (indefinite singular)
traducerii (definite singular)
traduceri (indefinite plural)
traducerilor (definite plural)
traducere (singular vocative)
traducereo (singular vocative)
traducerilor (plural vocative)

From traduce (“to translate”) + -re (“the act or result of”).


tunga

fo-noun

tunga f (genitive singular tungu, plural tungur)

tungu (genitive singular)
tungur (plural)
tunga (indefinite nominative singular)
tungan (definite nominative singular)
tungur (indefinite nominative plural)
tungurnar (definite nominative plural)
tungu (accusative indefinite singular)
tunguna (accusative definite singular)
tungur (accusative indefinite plural)
tungurnar (accusative definite plural)
tungu (dative indefinite singular)
tunguni (dative definite singular)
tungum (dative indefinite plural)
tungunum (dative definite plural)
tungu (genitive indefinite singular)
tungunnar (definite genitive singular)
tunga (genitive indefinite plural)
tunganna (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse tunga, from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.


tunga

tunga (nominative singular)
tungun (nominative plural)
tungan (nominative plural)
tungon (nominative plural)
tungun (accusative singular)
tungan (accusative singular)
tungon (accusative singular)
tungun (accusative plural)
tungan (accusative plural)
tungon (accusative plural)
tungun (genitive singular)
tungan (genitive singular)
tungon (genitive singular)
tungono (genitive plural)
tungun (dative singular)
tungan (dative singular)
tungon (dative singular)
tungun (dative plural)
tungan (dative plural)
tungon (dative plural)
tunge (alternative)

Middle Low German: tunge

German Low German: Tunge

Plautdietsch: Tung

From Proto-West Germanic *tungā, from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.


akan

nn-noun-unc

akan m (definite singular akanen, uncountable)


traducir

head

traducir (first-person singular indicative present traduzo, past participle traducíu)

traduzo (first-person indicative present singular)
traducíu (participle past)
traducir (infinitive)
traduciendo (gerund)
m traducíu (participle)
f traducida (participle)
n traducío (participle)
m pl traducíos (participle)
f pl traducíes (participle)
traduzo (first-person indicative present singular)
traduces (indicative present second-person singular)
traduz (indicative present singular third-person)
traducimos (first-person indicative plural present)
traducís (indicative plural present second-person)
traducen (indicative plural present third-person)
traducía (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
traducíes (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
traducía (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
traducíemos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
traducíamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
traducíeis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
traducíais (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
traducíen (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
traducí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
traduciesti (indicative preterite second-person singular)
traducisti (indicative preterite second-person singular)
tradució (indicative preterite singular third-person)
traduciemos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
traducimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
traduciestis (indicative plural preterite second-person)
traducistis (indicative plural preterite second-person)
traducieron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
traduciere (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
traduciera (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
traducieres (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
traducieras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
traduciere (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
traduciéremos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
traduciéramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
traduciereis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
traducierais (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
traducieren (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
traducieran (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
traduciré (first-person future indicative singular)
traducirás (future indicative second-person singular)
traducirá (future indicative singular third-person)
traduciremos (first-person future indicative plural)
traduciréis (future indicative plural second-person)
traducirán (future indicative plural third-person)
traduciría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
traduciríes (conditional indicative second-person singular)
traduciría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
traduciríemos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
traduciríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
traduciríeis (conditional indicative plural second-person)
traduciríais (conditional indicative plural second-person)
traduciríen (conditional indicative plural third-person)
traduza (first-person present singular subjunctive)
traduzas (present second-person singular subjunctive)
traduza (present singular subjunctive third-person)
traduzamos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
traduzáis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
traduzan (plural present subjunctive third-person)
traduciere (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
traducieres (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
traduciere (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
traduciéremos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
traduciereis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
traducieren (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
traduz (imperative second-person singular)
traducíi (imperative plural second-person)

[t̪ɾa.ð̞uˈθiɾ]


traducir

gl-verb

traducir (first-person singular present traduzo, first-person singular preterite traducín, past participle traducido)

traduzo (first-person present singular)
traducín (first-person preterite singular)
traducido (participle past)
traducir (impersonal infinitive)
traducir (first-person infinitive singular)
traducires (infinitive second-person singular)
traducir (infinitive personal singular)
traducirmos (first-person infinitive plural)
traducirdes (infinitive plural second-person)
traduciren (infinitive personal plural)
traducindo (gerund)
traducido (masculine participle past singular)
traducido (first-person masculine participle past singular)
traducido (masculine participle past second-person singular)
traducidos (masculine participle past plural)
traducidos (first-person masculine participle past plural second-person)
traducida (feminine participle past singular)
traducida (feminine first-person participle past singular)
traducida (feminine participle past second-person singular)
traducidas (feminine participle past plural)
traducidas (feminine first-person participle past plural second-person)
traduzo (first-person indicative present singular)
traduces (indicative present second-person singular)
traduce (indicative present singular)
traducimos (first-person indicative plural present)
traducides (indicative plural present second-person)
traducen (indicative plural present)
traducía (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
traducías (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
traducía (imperfect indicative singular)
traduciamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
traduciades (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
traducían (imperfect indicative plural)
traducín (first-person indicative preterite singular)
traduciches (indicative preterite second-person singular)
traduciu (indicative preterite singular)
traducimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
traducistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
traduciron (indicative plural preterite)
traducira (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
traduciras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
traducira (indicative pluperfect singular)
traduciramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
traducirades (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
traduciran (indicative pluperfect plural)
traducirei (first-person future indicative singular)
traducirás (future indicative second-person singular)
traducirá (future indicative singular)
traduciremos (first-person future indicative plural)
traduciredes (future indicative plural second-person)
traducirán (future indicative plural)
traduciría (conditional first-person singular)
traducirías (conditional second-person singular)
traduciría (conditional singular)
traduciriamos (conditional first-person plural)
traduciriades (conditional plural second-person)
traducirían (conditional plural)
traduza (first-person present singular subjunctive)
traduzas (present second-person singular subjunctive)
traduza (present singular subjunctive)
traduzamos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
traduzades (plural present second-person subjunctive)
traduzan (plural present subjunctive)
traducise (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
traducises (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
traducise (imperfect singular subjunctive)
traducísemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
traducísedes (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
traducisen (imperfect plural subjunctive)
traducir (first-person future singular subjunctive)
traducires (future second-person singular subjunctive)
traducir (future singular subjunctive)
traducirmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
traducirdes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
traduciren (future plural subjunctive)
traduce (imperative second-person singular)
traduza (imperative singular)
traduzamos (first-person imperative plural)
traducide (imperative plural second-person)
traduzan (imperative plural)
non traduzas (imperative negative second-person singular)
non traduza (imperative negative singular)
non traduzamos (first-person imperative negative plural)
non traduzades (imperative negative plural second-person)
non traduzan (imperative negative plural)
traduzir (alternative)

[t̪ɾa.ð̞uˈθiɾ]

[t̪ɾa.ð̞uˈθiɾ]


traducir

es-verb

traducir (first-person singular present traduzco, first-person singular preterite traduje, past participle traducido)

traduzco (first-person present singular)
traduje (first-person preterite singular)
traducido (participle past)
traducir (infinitive)
traduciendo (gerund)
traducido (masculine participle past singular)
traducida (feminine participle past singular)
traducidos (masculine participle past plural)
traducidas (feminine participle past plural)
traduzco (first-person indicative present singular)
traduces (indicative informal present second-person singular)
traducís (indicative informal present second-person singular vos-form)
traduce (indicative present singular third-person)
traducimos (first-person indicative plural present)
traducís (indicative plural present second-person)
traducen (indicative plural present third-person)
traducía (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
traducías (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
traducía (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
traducíamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
traducíais (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
traducían (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
traduje (first-person indicative preterite singular)
tradujiste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
tradujo (indicative preterite singular third-person)
tradujimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
tradujisteis (indicative plural preterite second-person)
tradujeron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
traduciré (first-person future indicative singular)
traducirás (future indicative second-person singular)
traducirá (future indicative singular third-person)
traduciremos (first-person future indicative plural)
traduciréis (future indicative plural second-person)
traducirán (future indicative plural third-person)
traduciría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
traducirías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
traduciría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
traduciríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
traduciríais (conditional indicative plural second-person)
traducirían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
traduzca (first-person present singular subjunctive)
traduzcas (informal present second-person singular subjunctive)
traduzcás (informal present second-person singular subjunctive vos-form)
traduzca (present singular subjunctive third-person)
traduzcamos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
traduzcáis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
traduzcan (plural present subjunctive third-person)
tradujera (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
tradujeras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
tradujera (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
tradujéramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
tradujerais (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
tradujeran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
tradujese (first-person imperfect imperfect-se singular subjunctive)
tradujeses (imperfect imperfect-se second-person singular subjunctive)
tradujese (imperfect imperfect-se singular subjunctive third-person)
tradujésemos (first-person imperfect imperfect-se plural subjunctive)
tradujeseis (imperfect imperfect-se plural second-person subjunctive)
tradujesen (imperfect imperfect-se plural subjunctive third-person)
tradujere (first-person future singular subjunctive)
tradujeres (future second-person singular subjunctive)
tradujere (future singular subjunctive third-person)
tradujéremos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
tradujereis (future plural second-person subjunctive)
tradujeren (future plural subjunctive third-person)
traduce (imperative informal second-person singular)
traducí (imperative informal second-person singular vos-form)
traduzca (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
traduzca (imperative singular third-person)
traduzcamos (first-person imperative plural)
traducid (imperative plural second-person)
traduzcan (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
traduzcan (imperative plural third-person)
traduzcas (imperative negative second-person singular)
traduzca (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
traduzca (imperative negative singular third-person)
traduzcamos (first-person imperative negative plural)
traduzcáis (imperative negative plural second-person)
traduzcan (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
traduzcan (imperative negative plural third-person)
traducirme (combined-form dative infinitive object-first-person object-singular)
traducirte (combined-form dative infinitive object-second-person object-singular)
traducirle (combined-form dative infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
traducirse (combined-form dative infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
traducirnos (combined-form dative infinitive object-first-person object-plural)
traduciros (combined-form dative infinitive object-plural object-second-person)
traducirles (combined-form dative infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
traducirse (combined-form dative infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
traducirme (accusative combined-form infinitive object-first-person object-singular)
traducirte (accusative combined-form infinitive object-second-person object-singular)
traducirlo (accusative combined-form infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
traducirla (accusative combined-form infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
traducirse (accusative combined-form infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
traducirnos (accusative combined-form infinitive object-first-person object-plural)
traduciros (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-second-person)
traducirlos (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
traducirlas (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
traducirse (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
traduciéndome (combined-form dative gerund object-first-person object-singular)
traduciéndote (combined-form dative gerund object-second-person object-singular)
traduciéndole (combined-form dative gerund object-singular object-third-person)
traduciéndose (combined-form dative gerund object-singular object-third-person)
traduciéndonos (combined-form dative gerund object-first-person object-plural)
traduciéndoos (combined-form dative gerund object-plural object-second-person)
traduciéndoles (combined-form dative gerund object-plural object-third-person)
traduciéndose (combined-form dative gerund object-plural object-third-person)
traduciéndome (accusative combined-form gerund object-first-person object-singular)
traduciéndote (accusative combined-form gerund object-second-person object-singular)
traduciéndolo (accusative combined-form gerund object-singular object-third-person)
traduciéndola (accusative combined-form gerund object-singular object-third-person)
traduciéndose (accusative combined-form gerund object-singular object-third-person)
traduciéndonos (accusative combined-form gerund object-first-person object-plural)
traduciéndoos (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-second-person)
traduciéndolos (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-third-person)
traduciéndolas (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-third-person)
traduciéndose (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-third-person)
tradúceme (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
tradúcete (combined-form dative imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
tradúcele (combined-form dative imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
tradúcenos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-tú)
tradúceles (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
tradúceme (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
tradúcete (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
tradúcelo (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
tradúcela (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
tradúcenos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-tú)
tradúcelos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
tradúcelas (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
traducime (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
traducite (combined-form dative imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
traducile (combined-form dative imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
traducinos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-vos)
traduciles (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
traducime (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
traducite (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
traducilo (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
traducila (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
traducinos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-vos)
traducilos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
traducilas (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
tradúzcame (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-singular second-person singular)
tradúzcale (combined-form dative formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
tradúzcase (combined-form dative formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
tradúzcanos (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-plural second-person singular)
tradúzcales (combined-form dative formal imperative object-plural object-third-person second-person singular)
tradúzcame (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-singular second-person singular)
tradúzcalo (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
tradúzcala (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
tradúzcase (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
tradúzcanos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-plural second-person singular)
tradúzcalos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person second-person singular)
tradúzcalas (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person second-person singular)
traduzcámoste (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-second-person object-singular plural)
traduzcámosle (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-singular object-third-person plural)
traduzcámonos (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-first-person object-plural plural)
traduzcámoos (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-plural object-second-person plural)
traduzcámosles (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-plural object-third-person plural)
traduzcámoste (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-second-person object-singular plural)
traduzcámoslo (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-singular object-third-person plural)
traduzcámosla (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-singular object-third-person plural)
traduzcámonos (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-first-person object-plural plural)
traduzcámoos (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-plural object-second-person plural)
traduzcámoslos (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-plural object-third-person plural)
traduzcámoslas (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-plural object-third-person plural)
traducidme (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
traducidle (combined-form dative imperative informal object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
traducidnos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
traducíos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-second-person plural second-person)
traducidles (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
traducidme (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
traducidlo (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
traducidla (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
traducidnos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
traducíos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-second-person plural second-person)
traducidlos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
traducidlas (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
tradúzcanme (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
tradúzcanle (combined-form dative formal imperative object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
tradúzcannos (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
tradúzcanles (combined-form dative formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
tradúzcanse (combined-form dative formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
tradúzcanme (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
tradúzcanlo (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
tradúzcanla (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
tradúzcannos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
tradúzcanlos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
tradúzcanlas (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
tradúzcanse (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)

[t̪ɾa.ð̞uˈθiɾ]

to translate (from one language into another)


слово

uk-noun

сло́во • (slóvo) n inan (genitive сло́ва, nominative plural слова́, genitive plural слів, relational adjective слове́сний, diminutive слове́чко or слівце́)

сло́во (canonical)
slóvo (romanization)
сло́ва (genitive)
слова́ (nominative plural)
слів (genitive plural)
слове́сний (adjective relational)
слове́чко (diminutive)
слівце́ (diminutive)
сло́во (nominative singular)
слова́ (nominative plural)
сло́ва (genitive singular)
слів (genitive plural)
сло́ву (dative singular)
слова́м (dative plural)
сло́во (accusative singular)
слова́ (accusative plural)
сло́вом (instrumental singular)
слова́ми (instrumental plural)
сло́ві (locative singular)
слова́х (locative plural)
сло́во (singular vocative)
слова́ (plural vocative)

Inherited from Middle Ukrainian сло́во n sg (slóvo), from Old East Slavic слово n sg (slovo), from Proto-Slavic *slȍvo n sg (“word”).

inh+

the facility of speech, language, verbal articulation


dactylology

The use of the fingers and hands to communicate ideas, especially by the deaf.


reo

From Proto-Polynesian *leo, from Proto-Oceanic *leqo, doublet of Proto-Oceanic *liqo, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *liqə, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *liqəʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *liqəʀ (“neck”).


leden

From Middle English leden, leoden, from Old English lēoden (“national or popular language”). More at leid and leed.

inh

he was expert in prophecies, / And could the ledden of the gods unfold […]

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


leden

English: leed

Scots: leed, leid, lied

A conflation of Old English lēoden (“national language”); and Lǣden (“Latin”).

der

lede (alternative)
ledne (alternative)
ledene (alternative)
ledden (alternative)
liden (alternative)
lede (alternative)


limbă

limbi (plural)
limbă (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
limba (accusative definite nominative singular)
limbi (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
limbile (accusative definite nominative plural)
limbi (indefinite singular)
limbii (definite singular)
limbi (indefinite plural)
limbilor (definite plural)
limbă (singular vocative)
limbo (singular vocative)
limbilor (plural vocative)
лимбэ (alternative)

Inherited from Latin lingua. Compare Aromanian limbã. For the /ɡʷ/ > /b/ sound change, cf. Sardinian limba.

limbă vecină

hart's-tongue fern, Asplenium scolopendrium


lengua

language (a body of words, and set of methods of combining them (called a grammar), understood by a community and used as a form of communication)


lengua

head

lengua f (oblique plural lenguas, nominative singular lengua, nominative plural lenguas)

lenguas (oblique plural)
lengua (nominative singular)
lenguas (nominative plural)
lenga (alternative)

Occitan: lenga

Gascon: lengua

Limousin: linga

Provençal: lengo, lenguo


lengua

desc

Ladino: alguenga, aluenga, eluenga, lengua, lingua, luenga, לינגוה

desctree

Spanish: lengua
Chavacano: lengua
Papiamentu: lenga


lengua

Chavacano: lengua

Papiamentu: lenga

Inherited from Old Spanish lengua, from Latin lingua.


भाषा

head

भाषा • (bhāṣā) f

mr-noun

भाषा • (bhāṣā) f

bhāṣā (romanization)
भाषा
भाषे
भाषां-
भाषेला
भाषांना
भाषेने (ergative)
भाषेनं (ergative)
भाषांनी (ergative)
भाषेशी (instrumental)
भाषांशी (instrumental)
Locative Note: -त  is a postposition.
भाषेचा
भाषेचे
भाषेची
भाषेच्या
भाषेचं
भाषांचा
भाषांचे
भाषांची
भाषांच्या
भाषांचं
भाषांच्या

mr-decl-noun

fem ā-stem

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā, “speech, language”), through Old Marathi 𑘥𑘰𑘬𑘰 (bhāṣā, “language”).

bor+

इंग्रजी एक जागतिक भाषा आहे.


बोली

head

बोली • (bolī) f

mr-noun

बोली • (bolī) f

bolī (romanization)
बोली
बोल्या
बोल्यां-
बोलीला
बोल्यांना
बोलीने (ergative)
बोलीनं (ergative)
बोल्यांनी (ergative)
बोलीशी (instrumental)
बोल्यांशी (instrumental)
Locative Note: -त  is a postposition.
बोलीचा
बोलीचे
बोलीची
बोलीच्या
बोलीचं
बोल्यांचा
बोल्यांचे
बोल्यांची
बोल्यांच्या
बोल्यांचं
बोल्यांच्या

mr-decl-noun

fem ī-stem

माझी मायबोली मराठी आहे.


言語

言語 (canonical)
gengo (romanization)
げんご (hiragana historical)


言語

言語 (canonical)
gongo (romanization)
ごんご (hiragana historical)


言語

ja-noun

言(げん)語(ぎょ) • (gengyo) ^(←げんぎよ (gengyo)?)

言語 (canonical)
gengyo (romanization)
げんぎよ (hiragana historical)


foreign language

en-noun

foreign language (plural foreign languages)

gjuhë e huaj

any language other than that spoken by the people of a specific place

Irish courts will hear cases in English or Gaelic, but speakers of foreign languages must find an interpreter.

A language that is not widely or officially spoken in a particular place.

The children struggled in their Welsh lessons because they didn't have any experience of foreign languages.

A language that is not one's native tongue.


لسان

ar-noun

لِسَان • (lisān) m or f (plural أَلْسِنَة (ʔalsina) or أَلْسُن (ʔalsun))

لِسَان (canonical)
lisān (romanization)
أَلْسِنَة (plural)
أَلْسُن (plural)
لِسَان (indefinite informal singular triptote)
اللِّسَان (definite informal singular triptote)
لِسَان (construct informal singular triptote)
لِسَانٌ (indefinite nominative singular triptote)
اللِّسَانُ (definite nominative singular triptote)
لِسَانُ (construct nominative singular triptote)
لِسَانًا (accusative indefinite singular triptote)
اللِّسَانَ (accusative definite singular triptote)
لِسَانَ (accusative construct singular triptote)
لِسَانٍ (genitive indefinite singular triptote)
اللِّسَانِ (definite genitive singular triptote)
لِسَانِ (construct genitive singular triptote)
لِسَانَيْن (dual indefinite informal singular triptote)
اللِّسَانَيْن (definite dual informal singular triptote)
لِسَانَيْ (construct dual informal singular triptote)
لِسَانَانِ (dual indefinite nominative singular triptote)
اللِّسَانَانِ (definite dual nominative singular triptote)
لِسَانَا (construct dual nominative singular triptote)
لِسَانَيْنِ (accusative dual indefinite singular triptote)
اللِّسَانَيْنِ (accusative definite dual singular triptote)
لِسَانَيْ (accusative construct dual singular triptote)
لِسَانَيْنِ (dual genitive indefinite singular triptote)
اللِّسَانَيْنِ (definite dual genitive singular triptote)
لِسَانَيْ (construct dual genitive singular triptote)
أَلْسِنَة (ar-infl-a broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
أَلْسُن (ar-infl-a broken-form indefinite informal plural triptote)
الْأَلْسِنَة (ar-infl-a broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
الْأَلْسُن (ar-infl-a broken-form definite informal plural triptote)
أَلْسِنَة (ar-infl-a broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
أَلْسُن (ar-infl-a broken-form construct informal plural triptote)
أَلْسِنَةٌ (ar-infl-a broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
أَلْسُنٌ (ar-infl-a broken-form indefinite nominative plural triptote)
الْأَلْسِنَةُ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
الْأَلْسُنُ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite nominative plural triptote)
أَلْسِنَةُ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
أَلْسُنُ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct nominative plural triptote)
أَلْسِنَةً (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
أَلْسُنًا (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَلْسِنَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form definite plural triptote)
الْأَلْسُنَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form definite plural triptote)
أَلْسِنَةَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form construct plural triptote)
أَلْسُنَ (accusative ar-infl-a broken-form construct plural triptote)
أَلْسِنَةٍ (ar-infl-a broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
أَلْسُنٍ (ar-infl-a broken-form genitive indefinite plural triptote)
الْأَلْسِنَةِ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
الْأَلْسُنِ (ar-infl-a broken-form definite genitive plural triptote)
أَلْسِنَةِ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)
أَلْسُنِ (ar-infl-a broken-form construct genitive plural triptote)

Iraqi Arabic: لسان (lsān)

Gulf Arabic: لسان (lsān)

Maltese: lsien

Moroccan Arabic: لسان (lsān)

→ Azerbaijani: lisan

→ Malay: lisan

Indonesian: lisan

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: لسان (lisân)
Turkish: lisan

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लिसान (lisān)

Urdu: لسان (lisân)

From Proto-Semitic *lišān-.
Cognate with Hebrew לָשׁוֹן (lashón).

وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ خَلْقُ ٱلسَّمَاوَاتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَٱخْتِلَافُ أَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَأَلْوَانِكُمْ

And one of His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the diversity of your languages and colours.

wamin ʔāyātihī ḵalqu s-samāwāti wal-ʔarḍi waḵtilāfu ʔalsinatikum waʔalwānikum


bleaching

en-noun

bleaching (countable and uncountable, plural bleachings)

/ˈbliːt͡ʃɪŋ/

The process of removing stains or of whitening fabrics, especially by the use of chemical agents.


idioma

Borrowed from Late Latin idioma, from Ancient Greek ἰδίωμα (idíōma, “peculiarity; idiom”).

der

el idioma español


토착어

[tʰo̞t͡ɕʰa̠ɡʌ̹]

토착 (土着, tochak, “native”) + 어 (語, eo, “language”)

제주도는 지리적 여건으로 말미암아 한국어의 특수한 토착어를 형성하였다.

jejudo-neun jirijeok yeogeoneuro malmiama han'gugeo-ui teuksuhan tochageo-reul hyeongseonghayeotda.

Due to its geographic situation, Cheju Island developed a unique regional dialect of Korean.

the native language of a region; a regional language; a regional dialect


reord

reord (nominative singular)
reorda (nominative plural)
reorde (nominative plural)
reorde (accusative singular)
reorda (accusative plural)
reorde (accusative plural)
reorde (genitive singular)
reorda (genitive plural)
reorde (dative singular)
reordum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: rerde, rerd, reryd, rourde, rewerd, rurd, rurde, ruerde (West Midlands), rorde, reorde (early West Midlands), rearde (Kent), reord (Ormulum)
English: reard (dialectal, obsolete)
Middle Scots: reird, rerde, rerd
Scots: reird, raird, reerd

Of uncertain origin. Other Germanic cognates suggest descent from Proto-West Germanic *raʀdu (“voice, language, speech, sound”), from Proto-Germanic *razdō. However, the required sound changes to develop the present spelling indicate a reflex of Proto-Germanic *razdī. Attested neuter forms also suggest Proto-Germanic *razdia.
Cognate with Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 (razda) and Old Norse rǫdd.


zunga

zunga (nominative singular)
zungūn (nominative plural)
zungūn (accusative singular)
zungūn (accusative plural)
zungūn (genitive singular)
zungōno (genitive plural)
zungūn (dative singular)
zungōm (dative plural)
zungōn (dative plural)

desctree

Middle High German: zunge
Alemannic German: Zunge
Central Franconian: Zong
Cimbrian: zung
German: Zunge
Luxembourgish: Zong
Vilamovian: cung
Yiddish: צונג (tsung)

From Proto-West Germanic *tungā, from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.
Compare Old Saxon tunga, Old Dutch tunga, Old English tunge, Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (tuggō) and Old Norse tunga (Icelandic tunga (“tongue”)).


كلمة

shu-noun

كلمة • (kilme) f (plural كلمات (kalimāt, kilmāt))


భాష

Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā, “speech, language”). Compare Malayalam ഭാഷ (bhāṣa), Tamil பாசை (pācai), Kannada ಭಾಷೆ (bhāṣe).


fingerspelling

en-noun

fingerspelling (countable and uncountable, plural fingerspellings)

fingerspellings (plural)
FS (alternative)

Any system for representing the letters of an alphabet using just the hands; a manual alphabet that is a representation of a written alphabet.


monolingual

en-adj

monolingual (comparative more monolingual, superlative most monolingual)

more monolingual (comparative)
most monolingual (superlative)

Thus approximately 98% of signs contained English, and 93.5% of signs were wholly in English. As far as linguistic landscapes go, this is a case of extreme monolingual dominance in a multilingual setting.

2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 5:

Knowing or using a single language; written or spoken in a single language.

ܚܕܵܢܵܝ ܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ

ḥdānāy liššānā


monolingual

de-adj

monolingual (strong nominative masculine singular monolingualer, not comparable)

monolingualer (masculine nominative singular strong)
monolingual (masculine predicative singular)
monolingual (feminine predicative singular)
monolingual (neuter predicative singular)
monolingual (plural predicative)
monolingualer (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
monolinguale (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
monolinguales (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
monolinguale (nominative plural strong without-article)
monolingualen (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
monolingualer (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
monolingualen (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
monolingualer (genitive plural strong without-article)
monolingualem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
monolingualer (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
monolingualem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
monolingualen (dative plural strong without-article)
monolingualen (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
monolinguale (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
monolinguales (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
monolinguale (accusative plural strong without-article)
der monolinguale (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die monolinguale (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das monolinguale (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die monolingualen (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des monolingualen (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der monolingualen (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des monolingualen (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der monolingualen (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem monolingualen (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der monolingualen (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem monolingualen (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den monolingualen (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den monolingualen (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die monolinguale (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das monolinguale (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die monolingualen (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein monolingualer (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine monolinguale (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein monolinguales (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
monolingualen (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine monolingualen (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines monolingualen (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer monolingualen (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines monolingualen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
monolingualen (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner monolingualen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem monolingualen (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer monolingualen (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem monolingualen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
monolingualen (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen monolingualen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen monolingualen (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine monolinguale (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein monolinguales (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
monolingualen (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine monolingualen (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)


rěč

rěč (nominative singular)
rěči (dual nominative)
rěče (nominative plural)
rěče (genitive singular)
rěčow (dual genitive)
rěčow (genitive plural)
rěči (genitive plural)
rěči (dative singular)
rěčomaj (dative dual)
rěčam (dative plural)
rěč (accusative singular)
rěči (accusative dual)
rěče (accusative plural)
rěču (instrumental singular)
rěčomaj (dual instrumental)
rěčemi (instrumental plural)
rěči (locative singular)
rěčomaj (dual locative)
rěčach (locative plural)
rěč (singular vocative)
rěči (dual vocative)
rěče (plural vocative)

language (system made up of words and grammatical rules that allow the construction of sentences and that is used as a means of communication, spoken or written, by members of the same linguistic community)


słowo

słówko (diminutive)
słowo (nominative singular)
słowa (nominative plural)
słowa (genitive singular)
słów (genitive plural)
słowu (dative singular)
słowom (dative plural)
słowo (accusative singular)
słowa (accusative plural)
słowem (instrumental singular)
słowami (instrumental plural)
słowy (instrumental plural)
słowie (locative singular)
słowach (locative plural)
słowo (singular vocative)
słowa (plural vocative)

word (sequence of sounds or letters within a language carrying meaning)


iaith

cy-noun

iaith f (plural ieithoedd or ieithiau or ieithau or ieithydd)

ieithoedd (plural)
ieithiau (plural)
ieithau (plural)
ieithydd (plural)
iaith
hiaith (prothesis-h)

From Middle Welsh ieith, from Proto-Brythonic *jeiθ, from Proto-Celtic *yextis (compare Breton yezh (“language”), Cornish yeth (“language”), Old Irish icht (“tribe, people”)), from Proto-Indo-European *yek- (compare Latin jocus (“joke”), Old High German jehan (“to admit, to confess”), Tocharian A yask (“to demand, to beg”)). Doublet of jôc.

cog

gwlad heb iaith, gwlad heb genedl

a land without a language is a land without a nation


disemvowel

en-verb

disemvowel (third-person singular simple present disemvowels, present participle disemvowelling or disemvoweling, simple past and past participle disemvowelled or disemvoweled)

disemvowels (present singular third-person)
disemvowelling (participle present)
disemvoweling (participle present)
disemvowelled (participle past)
disemvowelled (past)
disemvoweled (participle past)
disemvoweled (past)
disenvowel (alternative)

By the way, what has become of the conspiracy of Brander Matthews et als to disemvowel the English language? Not that it matters.

1906 September 5, Puck, volume 60, number 1540, New York, N.Y.: Puck Pub. Co., →OCLC:

The trick will be in usurping as many vowels as you can, thus disemvoweling the others, and the one with the most words when all or as many letters as possible are used up wins.

1930, Judge, volume 98, New York, N.Y.: The Judge Publishing Co., →OCLC, page xlix, column 2:

"What happened?" the Amigoid asked. / "D'nt knw," she said. "Jst wk p nd hrd y tw tlkng n thn, sddnly nd wtht wrnng, thr ws ths ns." / "What?" Robotech_Master asked. / "I think I know what happened," Lawrence said. "It must be part of the Silliness that's infecting the Author's Altiverse." / "S wht hppnd? / "You've been disemvoweled," the Amigoid informed her.

1995 October 28, strange days indeed [username], “AA: is that a nerfsword in your pocket, or …”, in bit.listserv.superguy (Usenet), message-ID <Pine.LNX.3.91.951028150058.20293A-100000@sojourn1.sojourn.com>:

Edna [Dame Edna Everage] reveals that she will always outmuscle [Barry] Humphries, disemvowelling his name to reduce it to the interjection "Hmmph!"

2004, Paul Matthew St. Pierre, “Autobiography as Mockery, or Barry Humphries in Mock Turtle”, in A Portrait of the Artist as Australia: L’Œuvre Bizarre de Barry Humphries, Montreal, Que., Kingston, Ont.: McGill-Queen's University Press, →ISBN, page 181:

Another swearing-curtailing device is to allow the taboo word but disenvowel it, so that fuck and cunt become "f-ck" and "c-nt."

2005, Ruth Wajnryb, “Bootleggers and Asterisks”, in Expletive Deleted: A Good Look at Bad Language, New York, N.Y.: Free Press, →ISBN, page 187:

If someone you've disemvowelled comes back and behaves, forgive and forget their earlier gaffes. You're acting in the service of civility, not abstract justice.

2006 December, Douglas K. van Duyne, James A. Landay, Jason I. Hong, “Community Conference”, in The Design of Sites: Patterns for Creating Winning Web Sites, 2nd edition, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education, →ISBN, page 145:

Back to our Internet trolling behavior, some comment board moderators have tried to control trolling by "disemvoweling," removing all the vowels from the offending comments of trolls. This punishing practice makes troll comments easier to detect and harder to read, and therefore, less likely to generate the kind of outraged response a troll finds rewarding. Disemvoweling punishes the troll and effectively has decreased the numbers of offensive comments and hijacked comment threads on many message boards.

2011, Ronald Comer, Elizabeth Gould, Psychology Around Us, Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 16:

Write a program that removes all vowels from a file ("disemvowels"). For example, Once upon a time! becomes nc pn tm!. Surprisingly often, the result is still readable; try it on your friends.

2014, Bjarne Stroustrup, Programming Principles and Practice using C++, 2nd edition, Upper Sadde River, N.J.: Addison-Wesley, →ISBN, page 408:

(transitive, sometimes humorous) To remove the vowels from, for example, for the purpose of expurgating offensive words.


γλῶσσα

grc-noun

γλῶσσᾰ • (glôssă) f (genitive γλώσσης); first declension

γλῶσσᾰ (canonical)
glôssă (romanization)
γλώσσης (genitive)
ἡ γλῶσσᾰ (nominative singular)
γλώσσᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ γλῶσσαι (nominative plural)
τῆς γλώσσης (genitive singular)
γλώσσαιν (dual genitive)
γλωσσέων (genitive plural)
γλωσσῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ γλώσσῃ (dative singular)
γλώσσαιν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν γλώσσῃσῐ (dative plural)
γλώσσῃσῐν (dative plural)
têisĭ glṓssēisĭ (dative plural)
têisĭ glṓssēisĭn (dative plural)
têisĭnĭ (dative plural)
têisĭnĭn (dative plural)
τὴν γλῶσσᾰν (accusative singular)
γλώσσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱς (accusative plural)
γλῶσσᾰ (singular vocative)
γλώσσᾱ (dual vocative)
γλῶσσαι (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ γλώσσᾱ (nominative singular)
γλώσσᾱ (dual nominative)
ταὶ γλῶσσαι (nominative plural)
τᾶς γλώσσᾱς (genitive singular)
γλώσσαιν (dual genitive)
τᾶν γλωσσᾶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ γλώσσᾳ (dative singular)
γλώσσαιν (dative dual)
ταῖς γλώσσαις (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν γλώσσᾱν (accusative singular)
γλώσσᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς γλώσσᾱς (accusative plural)
γλώσσᾱ (singular vocative)
γλώσσᾱ (dual vocative)
γλῶσσαι (plural vocative)
γλάσσᾰ (alternative Ionic)
γλῶττᾰ (alternative Attic)

Inherited

Greek: γλώσσα (glóssa)

Italiot Greek: glossa

Mariupol Greek: гло́са (hlósa)

Tsakonian: γρούσσα (groússa)

Borrowed

→ English: glossa

desctree

→ Latin: glossa, glōsa, gloss. (abbreviation)
Italian: chiosa, → glossa
→ Catalan: glossa
→ Middle English: glosse
English: gloss
→ Middle High German: glōse
German: Glosse
→ Old French: glose
Middle French: glose
French: glose
→ Czech: glosa
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: glosa
Portuguese: glosa
→ Old Irish: glúas
Middle Irish: glúais
Irish: gluais
→ Old Spanish: glosa
Spanish: glosa
→ Polish: glosa
→ Romanian: glosă

From Proto-Hellenic *glṓťťā; further etymology uncertain. Per Beekes, perhaps originally “provided with a point”, equivalent to γλῶχες (glôkhes, “beard of corn”) + -ια (-ia), from Proto-Indo-European *glṓgʰs ~ *gl̥gʰós (“point”) (assuming cognacy with Proto-Slavic *glogъ (“thorn, hawthorn”), but the connection is disputed). Alternatively, related to Proto-Germanic *tulgaz (“tongue”), a poetic word, from a different Proto-Indo-European root noun *dlṓgʰs ~ *dl̥gʰós; compare γλυκύς (glukús) for the phonetics. Or, possibly related to Albanian gjuhë (“tongue”), but the irregular correspondence would point to a substrate language.


Latinity

en-noun

Latinity (countable and uncountable, plural Latinities)

From Latin Latīnitās, from Latin Latīnus (“Latin”).

The banns being published, the next difficulty was to find a bishop who would bless them. One bishop was found, says Buchanan with the severest point of his elegant Latinity, one, the Bishop of Orkney, who preferred the smiles of a court to the light of truth, while others declined the task, and pointed out the unhallowed nature of nuptials with him who had already two spouses alive, and had lately obtained himself to be repudiated by a third on the ground of his own adultery.

1834, Mark Napier, chapter III, in Memoirs of John Napier of Merchiston, His Lineage, Life, and Times, with a History of the Invention of Logarithms, Edinburgh: William Blackwood; London: Thomas Cadell, page 116:

“Well, well,” said the lawyer, when I had quite done, “this is a great epic, a great Odyssey of yours. You must tell it, sir, in a sound Latinity when your scholarship is riper; or in English if you please, though for my part I prefer the stronger tongue. […]

1886 May 1 – July 31, Robert Louis Stevenson, Kidnapped, being Memoirs of the Adventures of David Balfour in the Year 1751: […], London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 1886, →OCLC:

Indeed his rendering is so excellent an example of mediæval learning and latinity that, even at the risk of sating the learned reader with too many antiquities, I have made up my mind to give it in fac-simile, together with an expanded version for the benefit of those who find the contractions troublesome.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

Girls might infiltrate the clubhouse but men alone remain the teachers and theorists of Latinity.

2012, Barbara Newman, “Ailments of the Tongue”, in London Review of Books, volume 34, number 6:

(uncountable, countable) The quality of a particular person's Latin speech or writing; the Latin language, as an area of study or interest.


tlahtolli

tlahtōlli (canonical)
tlatolli (alternative)
tlàtōlli (alternative)

1524, Bernardino de Sahagún, Coloquios y doctrina cristiana
Ca yancuic tlatolli in anquimitalhuia, auh ic titotlapololtia, ic titotetzahuia.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

1645: Horacio Carochi, Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de todos sus adverbios, ed. by James Lockhart (2001)

huel tēcpiltic in motlàtōltzin, tu lenguaje es muy cortesano


tentli

From Proto-Nahuan *teentli (“mouth”), from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *tïni-ta (“mouth”).


речь

ru-noun+

речь • (rečʹ) f inan (genitive ре́чи, nominative plural ре́чи, genitive plural рече́й, relational adjective речево́й)

rečʹ (romanization)
ре́чи (genitive)
ре́чи (nominative plural)
рече́й (genitive plural)
речево́й (adjective relational)
ре́чь (nominative singular)
ре́чи (nominative plural)
ре́чи (genitive singular)
рече́й (genitive plural)
ре́чи (dative singular)
реча́м (dative plural)
ре́чь (accusative singular)
ре́чи (accusative plural)
ре́чью (instrumental singular)
реча́ми (instrumental plural)
ре́чи (prepositional singular)
реча́х (plural prepositional)
рѣчь (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rěčь (“speech”).

inh+

пряма́я речь

ко́свенная речь


bilingualism

en-noun

bilingualism (countable and uncountable, plural bilingualisms)

At Kingsbridge, the bilingualism of the Irish Republic was evident in the tickets, the station notices, and the neat destination boards on the 10.40 a.m. express to Cork.

1955 May, Rev. A. W. V. Mace, “An Irish Journey—1”, in Railway Magazine, page 297:

The condition of being bilingual; the ability to speak two languages.


שפּראַך

yi-noun

שפּראַך • (shprakh) f, plural שפּראַכן (shprakhn)

shprakh (romanization)
shprakhn (romanization)


kupu

From Proto-Polynesian *kupu (cognates include Hawaiian ʻupu (“thought, recollection”), Tahitian ʻupu (“prayer, invocation”) and Samoan ʻupu), from Proto-Oceanic *puku by metathesis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bukuh (compare with Malay buku). Sense of "word" comes from metaphorical comparison of segments of written speech with culms of bamboo.


kupu

From Proto-Polynesian *kupu. Cognates include Tongan kupu and Samoan 'upu.


unilingualism

Condition of being able to speak only a single language.


slangi

slangi (nominative singular)
slangit (nominative plural)
slangi (accusative nominative singular)
slangit (accusative nominative plural)
slangin (accusative genitive singular)
slangit (accusative genitive plural)
slangin (genitive singular)
slangien (genitive plural)
slangia (partitive singular)
slangeja (partitive plural)
slangissa (inessive singular)
slangeissa (inessive plural)
slangista (elative singular)
slangeista (elative plural)
slangiin (illative singular)
slangeihin (illative plural)
slangilla (adessive singular)
slangeilla (adessive plural)
slangilta (ablative singular)
slangeilta (ablative plural)
slangille (allative singular)
slangeille (allative plural)
slangina (essive singular)
slangeina (essive plural)
slangiksi (singular translative)
slangeiksi (plural translative)
slangitta (abessive singular)
slangeitta (abessive plural)
slangein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
slangini (nominative singular)
slangini (nominative plural)
slangini (accusative nominative singular)
slangini (accusative nominative plural)
slangini (accusative genitive singular)
slangini (accusative genitive plural)
slangini (genitive singular)
slangieni (genitive plural)
slangiani (partitive singular)
slangejani (partitive plural)
slangissani (inessive singular)
slangeissani (inessive plural)
slangistani (elative singular)
slangeistani (elative plural)
slangiini (illative singular)
slangeihini (illative plural)
slangillani (adessive singular)
slangeillani (adessive plural)
slangiltani (ablative singular)
slangeiltani (ablative plural)
slangilleni (allative singular)
slangeilleni (allative plural)
slanginani (essive singular)
slangeinani (essive plural)
slangikseni (singular translative)
slangeikseni (plural translative)
slangittani (abessive singular)
slangeittani (abessive plural)
slangeineni (comitative plural)
slangisi (nominative singular)
slangisi (nominative plural)
slangisi (accusative nominative singular)
slangisi (accusative nominative plural)
slangisi (accusative genitive singular)
slangisi (accusative genitive plural)
slangisi (genitive singular)
slangiesi (genitive plural)
slangiasi (partitive singular)
slangejasi (partitive plural)
slangissasi (inessive singular)
slangeissasi (inessive plural)
slangistasi (elative singular)
slangeistasi (elative plural)
slangiisi (illative singular)
slangeihisi (illative plural)
slangillasi (adessive singular)
slangeillasi (adessive plural)
slangiltasi (ablative singular)
slangeiltasi (ablative plural)
slangillesi (allative singular)
slangeillesi (allative plural)
slanginasi (essive singular)
slangeinasi (essive plural)
slangiksesi (singular translative)
slangeiksesi (plural translative)
slangittasi (abessive singular)
slangeittasi (abessive plural)
slangeinesi (comitative plural)
slangimme (nominative singular)
slangimme (nominative plural)
slangimme (accusative nominative singular)
slangimme (accusative nominative plural)
slangimme (accusative genitive singular)
slangimme (accusative genitive plural)
slangimme (genitive singular)
slangiemme (genitive plural)
slangiamme (partitive singular)
slangejamme (partitive plural)
slangissamme (inessive singular)
slangeissamme (inessive plural)
slangistamme (elative singular)
slangeistamme (elative plural)
slangiimme (illative singular)
slangeihimme (illative plural)
slangillamme (adessive singular)
slangeillamme (adessive plural)
slangiltamme (ablative singular)
slangeiltamme (ablative plural)
slangillemme (allative singular)
slangeillemme (allative plural)
slanginamme (essive singular)
slangeinamme (essive plural)
slangiksemme (singular translative)
slangeiksemme (plural translative)
slangittamme (abessive singular)
slangeittamme (abessive plural)
slangeinemme (comitative plural)
slanginne (nominative singular)
slanginne (nominative plural)
slanginne (accusative nominative singular)
slanginne (accusative nominative plural)
slanginne (accusative genitive singular)
slanginne (accusative genitive plural)
slanginne (genitive singular)
slangienne (genitive plural)
slangianne (partitive singular)
slangejanne (partitive plural)
slangissanne (inessive singular)
slangeissanne (inessive plural)
slangistanne (elative singular)
slangeistanne (elative plural)
slangiinne (illative singular)
slangeihinne (illative plural)
slangillanne (adessive singular)
slangeillanne (adessive plural)
slangiltanne (ablative singular)
slangeiltanne (ablative plural)
slangillenne (allative singular)
slangeillenne (allative plural)
slanginanne (essive singular)
slangeinanne (essive plural)
slangiksenne (singular translative)
slangeiksenne (plural translative)
slangittanne (abessive singular)
slangeittanne (abessive plural)
slangeinenne (comitative plural)
slanginsa (nominative singular)
slanginsa (nominative plural)
slanginsa (accusative nominative singular)
slanginsa (accusative nominative plural)
slanginsa (accusative genitive singular)
slanginsa (accusative genitive plural)
slanginsa (genitive singular)
slangiensa (genitive plural)
slangiaan (partitive singular)
slangiansa (partitive singular)
slangejaan (partitive plural)
slangejansa (partitive plural)
slangissaan (inessive singular)
slangissansa (inessive singular)
slangeissaan (inessive plural)
slangeissansa (inessive plural)
slangistaan (elative singular)
slangistansa (elative singular)
slangeistaan (elative plural)
slangeistansa (elative plural)
slangiinsa (illative singular)
slangeihinsa (illative plural)
slangillaan (adessive singular)
slangillansa (adessive singular)
slangeillaan (adessive plural)
slangeillansa (adessive plural)
slangiltaan (ablative singular)
slangiltansa (ablative singular)
slangeiltaan (ablative plural)
slangeiltansa (ablative plural)
slangilleen (allative singular)
slangillensa (allative singular)
slangeilleen (allative plural)
slangeillensa (allative plural)
slanginaan (essive singular)
slanginansa (essive singular)
slangeinaan (essive plural)
slangeinansa (essive plural)
slangikseen (singular translative)
slangiksensa (singular translative)
slangeikseen (plural translative)
slangeiksensa (plural translative)
slangittaan (abessive singular)
slangittansa (abessive singular)
slangeittaan (abessive plural)
slangeittansa (abessive plural)
slangeineen (comitative plural)
slangeinensa (comitative plural)

Slang, jargon, vernacular (language characteristic of a particular group).


týða

head

týða (third person singular past indicative týddi, third person plural past indicative týddu, supine týtt)

týddi (indicative past singular third-person)
týddu (indicative past plural third-person)
týtt (supine)
týða (infinitive)
týtt (supine)
týði (first-person present singular)
týddi (first-person past singular)
týðir (present second-person singular)
týddi (past second-person singular)
týðir (present singular third-person)
týddi (past singular third-person)
týða (plural present)
týddu (past plural)
týðandi (participle present)
týddur (participle past)
týð! (imperative singular)
týðið! (imperative plural)

From Old Norse þýða, from Proto-Germanic *þiudijaną.


málfrøði

fo-noun

málfrøði f (genitive singular málfrøði, uncountable)

málfrøði (genitive singular)
málfrøði (indefinite nominative singular)
málfrøðin (definite nominative singular)
málfrøði (accusative indefinite singular)
málfrøðina (accusative definite singular)
málfrøði (dative indefinite singular)
málfrøðini (dative definite singular)
málfrøði (genitive indefinite singular)
málfrøðinnar (definite genitive singular)


umseta

head

umseta (third person singular past indicative umsetti, third person plural past indicative umsett, supine umsett)

umsetti (indicative past singular third-person)
umsett (indicative past plural third-person)
umsett (supine)
umseta (infinitive)
umsett (supine)
umseti (first-person present singular)
umsetti (first-person past singular)
umsetur (present second-person singular)
umsetir (present second-person singular)
umsetti (past second-person singular)
umsetur (present singular third-person)
umsetir (present singular third-person)
umsetti (past singular third-person)
umseta (plural present)
umsettu (past plural)
umsetandi (participle present)
umsettur (participle past)
umset! (imperative singular)
umsetið! (imperative plural)

umseta úr enskum

umsettar bøkur


cuvânt

cuvinte (plural)
cuvânt (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
cuvântul (accusative definite nominative singular)
cuvinte (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
cuvintele (accusative definite nominative plural)
cuvânt (indefinite singular)
cuvântului (definite singular)
cuvinte (indefinite plural)
cuvintelor (definite plural)
cuvântule (singular vocative)
cuvintelor (plural vocative)

Inherited from Latin conventus (“convened, assembled; agreement, coming together, gathering”). The sense may have shifted from that of "a coming together, agreement, assembly" to that of "word" because at important assemblies and gatherings in the past, there was an exchange of words and ideas. Cf. also the related Albanian kuvend (which may have influenced its meaning) and Aromanian cuvendã, and also Greek κουβέντα (kouvénta, “conversation; word, phrase”), derived from the same Latin word. A similar semantic shift occurred in Macedonian (another member of the Balkan sprachbund), where збор (zbor), deriving from the Slavic word for "meeting, gathering, assembly", came to mean "word". This may have been adopted from nearby speakers of Proto-Albanian or Proto-Romanian.


lenga

lengas (plural)
lengo (alternative)
lenguo (alternative)
lengua (alternative)
linga (alternative)

From Old Occitan lengua, from Latin lingua, from Old Latin dingua, from Proto-Italic *denɣwā, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.


단어

Sino-Korean word from 單語, from 單 (“single”) + 語 (“speech”)


ଓଡ଼ିଆ

head

ଓଡ଼ିଆ (oṛiā)

or-proper noun

ଓଡ଼ିଆ (oṛiā)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀑𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀺𑀅 (ŏḍḍia), from Sanskrit औड्रिक (auḍrika, “relating to the Odras”), an adjective suffixed from the vriddhi of ओड्र (oḍra, “Odra”).


izraz

izrȁz (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
izràz (nominative singular)
izráza (dual nominative)
izrázi (nominative plural)
izráza (genitive singular)
izrázov (dual genitive)
izrázov (genitive plural)
izrázu (dative singular)
izrázoma (dative dual)
izrázom (dative plural)
izràz (accusative singular)
izráza (accusative dual)
izráze (accusative plural)
izrázu (locative singular)
izrázih (dual locative)
izrázih (locative plural)
izrázom (instrumental singular)
izrázoma (dual instrumental)
izrázi (instrumental plural)

term, expression (particular way of phrasing an idea)


nadávka

nadávka (nominative singular)
nadávky (nominative plural)
nadávky (genitive singular)
nadávek (genitive plural)
nadávce (dative singular)
nadávkám (dative plural)
nadávku (accusative singular)
nadávky (accusative plural)
nadávko (singular vocative)
nadávky (plural vocative)
nadávce (locative singular)
nadávkách (locative plural)
nadávkou (instrumental singular)
nadávkami (instrumental plural)