-ჯერ

ორჯერ ორჯერ#Georgian

სამჯერ სამჯერ#Georgian

produces adverbial words denoting multiplied by x, times x, like ორჯერ (orǯer, “twice, two times”) or სამჯერ (samǯer, “thrice, three times”).


-маш

-maš (romanization)
-маш (nominative singular)
-маш-влак (nominative plural)
-машым (accusative singular)
-маш-влакым (accusative plural)
-машын (genitive singular)
-маш-влакын (genitive plural)
-машлан (dative singular)
-маш-влаклан (dative plural)
-машге (comitative singular)
-маш-влакге (comitative plural)
-машла (comparative singular)
-маш-влакла (comparative plural)
-машыште (inessive singular)
-маш-влакыште (inessive plural)
-машыш (illative singular)
-маш-влакыш (illative plural)
-машышке (illative singular)
-маш-влакышке (illative plural)
-машеш (lative singular)
-маш-влакеш (lative plural)
-машем (first-person possessive singular)
-машна (first-person plural possessive)
-машет (possessive second-person singular)
-машда (plural possessive second-person)
-машше (possessive singular third-person)
-машышт (plural possessive third-person)

mhr-decl-noun-table

-маш-влаклан

-маш-влакыште

-маш-влакышке

лӱяш (lüjaš, “to shoot”) + -маш (-maš) → лӱйымаш (lüjymaš, “shooting”)


-шӧ

лӱяш (lüjaš, “to shoot”) + -шӧ (-šö) → лӱйышӧ (lüjyšö, “shooter, rifleman”)


-дыме

head

-дыме • (-dyme) (front vowel harmony variant -дымо)

-dyme (romanization)
-дымо (front-vowel)

сын (syn, “to color/colour”) + -дыме (-dyme) → сындыме (syndyme, “colorless/colourless”)


dwy-

From Proto-Celtic *dwī (feminine of *duwo), from Proto-Indo-European *dw-ih₂, feminine of *dwóh₁. Corresponds to dwy f (“two”).

dwy- + gwaith (“time”) → dwywaith (“twice”)

dwy- + awr (“hour”) → dwyawr (“(a period of) two hours”)

dwy- + ffordd (“way”) → dwyffordd (“reversible”)

dwy- + iaith (“language”) + -og → dwyieithog (“bilingual”)

dwy- + llaw (“hand”) → dwylo (“hands”)


é₁ (dual nominative)
é₁e (dual nominative)
é₁ (dual vocative)
é₁e (dual vocative)
é₁ (accusative dual)
é₁e (accusative dual)
Ø-n̥yéh₂ (locative singular)
Ø-n̥yéh₂h₁ (instrumental singular)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-ūnīˀ ~ *-unjāˀ

Proto-Slavic: *-ьňà

Old Polish: -nia

Polish: -nia

Proto-Slavic: *-yni (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *-inī ~ *-unjǭ (see there for further descendants)


clor-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of cloro- (“containing chlorine”), used before a vowel


fflworo-

(organic chemistry) fluoro- (containing fluorine)


fflwor-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of fflworo- (“containing fluorine”), used before a vowel


ffeno-

(organic chemistry) pheno- (containing phenol)


анты-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). Compare Polish anty- and Russian анти- (anti-).

анты- (anty-) + вае́нны (vajénny, “military, war”) → антывае́нны (antyvajénny, “anti-war”)

анты- (anty-) + рэлігі́йны (relihíjny, “religious”) → антырэлігі́йны (antyrelihíjny, “anti-religious”)


methanöig

cy-adj

methanöig (feminine singular methanöig, plural methanöig, not comparable)

methanöig (feminine singular)
methanöig (plural)

/ˌmɛθaˈnoː.ɪɡ/

From English methanoic. By surface analysis, methan (“methane”) + -öig.


bwtanöig

cy-adj

bwtanöig (feminine singular bwtanöig, plural bwtanöig, not comparable)

bwtanöig (feminine singular)
bwtanöig (plural)

By surface analysis, bwtan (“butane”) + -öig


ethanöig

cy-adj

ethanöig (feminine singular ethanöig, plural ethanöig, not comparable)

ethanöig (feminine singular)
ethanöig (plural)

By surface analysis, ethan (“ethane”) + -öig


pentanöig

cy-adj

pentanöig (feminine singular pentanöig, plural pentanöig, not comparable)

pentanöig (feminine singular)
pentanöig (plural)

By surface analysis, pentan (“pentane”) + -öig


propanöig

cy-adj

propanöig (feminine singular propanöig, plural propanöig, not comparable)

propanöig (feminine singular)
propanöig (plural)

By surface analysis, propan (“propane”) + -öig


hecsanöig

cy-adj

hecsanöig (feminine singular hecsanöig, plural hecsanöig, not comparable, not mutable)

hecsanöig (feminine singular)
hecsanöig (plural)

By surface analysis, hecsan (“hexane”) + -öig


-öig

(organic chemistry) -oic (suffix denoting carboxylic groups)


sylff-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of sylffo- (“containing sulfur”), used before a vowel


sylffo-

(organic chemistry) sulfo- (containing sulfur)


bwtylamin

Adapted from English butylamine. By surface analysis, bwtyl- + -amin.


ethylamin

Adapted from English ethylamine. By surface analysis, ethyl- + -amin.


methylamin

Adapted from English methylamine. By surface analysis, methyl- + -amin.


propylamin

Adapted from English propylamine. By surface analysis, propyl- + -amin.


-बद्ध

Borrowed from Sanskrit -बद्ध (-baddha). See also बद्ध (baddh).

वचन (vacan, “word, promise”) + -बद्ध (-baddh) → वचनबद्ध (vacanbaddh, “bound by word, committed”)


-moin

-moin (nominative singular)
-moiset (nominative plural)
-moisen (genitive singular)
-moisiin (genitive plural)
-moista (partitive singular)
-moist (partitive singular)
-moisia (partitive plural)
-moisee (illative singular)
-moisii (illative plural)
-moisees (inessive singular)
-moisiis (inessive plural)
-moisest (elative singular)
-moisist (elative plural)
-moiselle (allative singular)
-moisille (allative plural)
-moiseel (adessive singular)
-moisiil (adessive plural)
-moiselt (ablative singular)
-moisilt (ablative plural)
-moiseks (singular translative)
-moisiks (plural translative)
-moisenna (essive singular)
-moiseen (essive singular)
-moisinna (essive plural)
-moisiin (essive plural)
-moisent (exessive singular)
-moisint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *-moinën. Cognate with Finnish -moinen.


-açu

pt-noun

-açu m or f (noun-forming suffix, plural -açus)

(no longer productive) forms the augmentative of nouns


-hausen

From Middle High German -hūsen, from Old High German -hūsum, dative plural of hūs (“house”). It is found in native High German placenames as well as in adapted forms of originally Low German or Frisian placenames.

Suffix forming names of human settlements like villages, towns, and cities.


ᚢᚾ-

desctree

Old Norse: ú-, ó-
Icelandic: ó-
Faroese: ó-
Norwegian Nynorsk: u-, o-
Old Swedish: ō-
Swedish: o-
Danish: u-
Norwegian Bokmål: u-

From Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.


-ėlė

lt-suffix

-ė̃lė f (plural -ė̃lės) stress pattern 2

-ė̃lė (canonical feminine stress-pattern-2)
-ė̃lės (plural)
-ė̃lė (nominative singular)
-ė̃lės (nominative plural)
-ė̃lės (genitive singular)
-ė̃lių (genitive plural)
-ė̃lei (dative singular)
-ė̃lėms (dative plural)
-ė̃lę (accusative singular)
-ėlès (accusative plural)
-ėlè (instrumental singular)
-ė̃lėmis (instrumental plural)
-ė̃lėje (locative singular)
-ė̃lėse (locative plural)
-ė̃le (singular vocative)
-ė̃lės (plural vocative)

Alternative form of -elė: feminine diminutive suffix


meng- -i

head

meng- -i (Jawi spelling with consonant-ending stems مڠ- -ي, Jawi spelling with vowel-ending stems مڠ- -ءي)

with consonant-ending stems مڠ- -ي (Jawi)
with vowel-ending stems مڠ- -ءي (Jawi)


-νω

Primitive suffix used to form present-tense stems, it may also appear as -αν- or -νCαν.


ketidak- -an

bahagia (“happy”) → ketidakbahagiaan (“unhappiness”)

pasti (“certain”) → ketidakpastian (“uncertainty”)

cocok (“compatible”) → ketidakcocokan (“incompatibility”)

adil (“just”) → ketidakadilan (“injustice”)

Used to form an abstract noun with its meaning reversed or negated.


-bəxş

Borrowed from Classical Persian بخش (baxš), the present stem form of بخشیدن (baxšidan, “to give”).

bor+

used to form adjectives that indicate giving something


-esyen

Borrowed from English -ation, from Latin -ātiō. Doublet of -esen, -sen, -asi, -si, and -syen


-esen

Borrowed from English -ation, from Latin -ātiō. Doublet of -esyen, -sen, -asi, -si, and -syen


-isyen

petisyen

Alternative form of -syen; -ition, -ision.


-istik

optimistik

pesimistik


-tif

preskriptif


-kratik

demokratik


tebe-

tebe- + dirbti (“to work”) → tebedirbti (“to still work”)

tebe- + gyventi (“to live”) → tebegyventi (“to still live”)

prefix used with forms of verbs, adjectives or adverbs to indicate or emphasize the continuation of an action: still


-isi

Learned borrowing from Indonesian -isi, from Dutch -itie.

edisi


ter- -kan

Used to form a passive adjective. Often times it can has the meaning of 'having been'.

Teraktifkan


-πνοος

head

-πνοος • (-pnoos) (feminine -πνοη, neuter -πνοο)

-pnoos (romanization)
-πνοη (feminine)
-πνοο (neuter)
-πνοος (masculine nominative singular)
-πνοη (feminine nominative singular)
-πνοο (neuter nominative singular)
-πνοοι (masculine nominative)
-πνοες (feminine nominative plural)
-πνοα (neuter nominative plural)
-πνοου (genitive masculine singular)
-πνοης (feminine genitive singular)
-πνοου (genitive neuter singular)
-πνοων (genitive masculine)
-πνοων (feminine genitive plural)
-πνοων (genitive neuter plural)
-πνοο (accusative masculine singular)
-πνοη (accusative feminine singular)
-πνοο (accusative neuter singular)
-πνοους (accusative masculine)
-πνοες (accusative feminine plural)
-πνοα (accusative neuter plural)
-πνοε (masculine singular vocative)
-πνοη (feminine singular vocative)
-πνοο (neuter singular vocative)
-πνοοι (masculine vocative)
-πνοες (feminine plural vocative)
-πνοα (neuter plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -πνοος (-pnoos), from stem πνο- as in πνοή (pnoḗ), from πνέω (pnéō) + suffix for adjectives -ος (-os).

lbor

μεγαλό- (μεγάλος) (megaló- (megálos), “great”) + -πνοος (-pnoos) → μεγαλόπνοος (megalópnoos, “of ambitious goal”) from Koine Greek μεγαλόπνοος (megalópnoos, “breathing strongly”)

(second combining form forming adjectives)


თვით-

Internal formation the semantic development of თავი (tavi), თავისი (tavisi), თავისით (tavisit), თავისი თავით (tavisi tavit).

Produces nouns and adjectives with meanings roughly equivalent to English self-, which can imply either self-sufficiency that something or someone has the innate capability to do things on their own, permission or absence of restriction upon them by external factors in doing things their desired way, or evaluating themselves and their status or behavior without interference from the outside factors.


-ਅਤ

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (pañjābī, “Punjabi”) + -ਅਤ (-ata) → ਪੰਜਾਬੀਅਤ (pañjābīata, “Punjabi culture, Punjabi-ness”)

Forming abstract nouns denoting a state, condition, or quality.


stephano-

From Ancient Greek στέφανος (stéphanos, “wreath”).


-coelous

From Ancient Greek κοῖλος (koîlos, “hollow”).


-ভাবে

The locative of ভাব (bhab), from Sanskrit ভাৱ (bhāva, “manner”).


ndʑi-

(Kamnyu) your, their (second- or third-person dual possessive)


nɯ-

(Kamnyu) your, their (second- or third-person plural possessive)


-шчык

Compound of -скі (-ski) + -ік (-ik). Compare Russian -щик (-ščik).

макаро́ны (makaróny, “macaroni; pasta”) + -шчык (-ščyk) → макаро́ншчык (makarónščyk, “pasta maker”)

Suffix added to nouns, verbs and sometimes adjectives to form masculine agent nouns: -er, -or


îe-

Nheengatu: yu-

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *je-, from Proto-Tupian *we-.
Cognate with Guaraní je-.

— Marãpe nd'erenhemimi? Ereîpotápe nde 'u?
— Akaîgûá! Marãpe xe ri erepûá? Aîemĩngatu kó gûitupa...

c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, Auto de São Lourenço [Play of Saint Lawrence], Niterói, page 32; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:

— Why don't you hide? Do you want that he eats you?
— Ouch! Why do you hit me? I hide myself well lying here...

Tupã nheengabíreme Anhãga çupe ereye meeng-ete, cemiauçûbamo enhemoingôbo, çauçûpanhe, ymoétébonhe Tûpã nde monhãgára, nde pícıroána reroírômo, ymoété éima: Tupã nde rauçûba çuí eyepeábo

1618, Antônio de Araújo, “Exortação antes da Abſoluição” (chapter 13), in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, [https://archive.org/details/catecismo-na-lingoa-brasilica-1618/page/n227/mode/1up Livro Sexto do Confessionário […] ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 112v:

When you transgress the word of God, you truly give yourself to the Devil, behaving as his slave, loving him in vain, honoring him in vain, detesting God your creator, your savior, not honoring him, distancing yourself from God's love for you.


-cism

Added to names of primarily Greek letters to indicate a phonetic phenomenon relating to the corresponding phoneme:

A speech disorder marked by either excessive or defective use of the phoneme.


op- -en

leuk → opleuken
pretty, fun, nice → to prettify, make nicer

vet → opvetten
fat → fatten

Forms transitive verbs, mostly from adjectives, meaning "to make more (adjective), to (adjective)-ify".


-fóine

From Latin -phōnia, from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).


-fít

From Ancient Greek φυτόν (phutón, “plant”).


-skô

forms neuter nouns denoting a country or a region


-skô

baba + -skô → babskô


-ėjė

žemaitis (“Samogitian; a person from Samogitia”) + -ėjė → Žemaitėjė (“Samogitia”)

Added to form names of places or administrative units that the person / people of the main word govern(-s).


knetter-

From knettergek (“raving mad”), from knetteren (“to crackle”).


savi-

From the same root as savas, savęs, and savo.

savi- + tarnas (“servant”) → savitarna (“self-service”)

savi- + gaila (“pity”) → savigaila (“self-pity”)

savi- + garbė (“honour”) → savigarba (“self-respect, self-esteem”)


غیرـ

→ Azerbaijani: qeyri-

→ Chagatai: غیر

Uyghur: غەيرى (gheyri)

Uzbek: gʻayri-

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ग़ैर- (ġair-)

Urdu: غَیرـ (ġair-)

→ Ottoman Turkish: غیر (gayr-i)

Turkish: gayri-

From غیر (ğeyr-e, “other than, unlike”). See there for more details.


-sczi

a suffix added to a noun to form an adjective


-ninks

Cognate to Lithuanian -ininkas. If cognate to Latvian -nieks, then also a doublet of -nīks.

pruocė (“work”) + -ninks → pruocauninks (“worker”)

a suffix appended to words to create an agent noun, indicating a person's profession or identity; -er


-gonium

From Ancient Greek γονή (gonḗ, “engendering”) + -ium (“structure”).

archegonium, carpogonium

(biology, mycology) A reproductive structure of some organisms

perigonium

gametogonium, spermatogonium

(biology) An immature cell that will develop into a reproductive one


kā-

kā- + hea → kāhea (“to call, cry out”)


-иэй

-iej (romanization)
эл -иэйэ (first-person negative singular)
эл -иэйэк (negative second-person singular)
эл -иэй (negative singular third-person)
эл -иэйэли (first-person negative plural)
эл -иэйэмэт (negative plural second-person)
эл -иэҥи (negative plural third-person)
-иэйэ (first-person indefinite participle singular v-focus)
-иэйэк (indefinite participle second-person singular v-focus)
-иэй (indefinite participle singular third-person v-focus)
-иэйэли (first-person indefinite participle plural v-focus)
-иэйэмэт (indefinite participle plural second-person v-focus)
-иэҥи (indefinite participle plural third-person v-focus)
-иэл (first-person indefinite n-focus participle singular)
-иэл (indefinite n-focus participle second-person singular)
-иэл (indefinite n-focus participle singular third-person)
-иэл (first-person indefinite n-focus participle plural)
-иэл (indefinite n-focus participle plural second-person)
-иэҥил (indefinite n-focus participle plural third-person)
эл -иэтэйэ (first-person future negative singular)
эл -иэтэйэк (future negative second-person singular)
эл -иэтэй (future negative singular third-person)
эл -иэтиили (first-person future negative plural)
эл -иэтиимэт (future negative plural second-person)
эл -иэҥитэй (future negative plural third-person)
-иэтэйэ (first-person future indefinite participle singular v-focus)
-иэтэйэк (future indefinite participle second-person singular v-focus)
-иэтэй (future indefinite participle singular third-person v-focus)
-иэтиили (first-person future indefinite participle plural v-focus)
-иэтиимэт (future indefinite participle plural second-person v-focus)
-иэҥитэй (future indefinite participle plural third-person v-focus)
-иэтэл (first-person future indefinite n-focus participle singular)
-иэтэл (future indefinite n-focus participle second-person singular)
-иэтэл (future indefinite n-focus participle singular third-person)
-иэтэл (first-person future indefinite n-focus participle plural)
-иэтэл (future indefinite n-focus participle plural second-person)
-иэҥитэл (future indefinite n-focus participle plural third-person)
-иэк (imperative second-person singular)
-иэгэн (imperative singular third-person)
-иэгэ (first-person imperative plural)
-иэҥик (imperative plural second-person)
-иэҥигэн (imperative plural third-person)
-иэгэк (imperative second-person singular)
-иэҥигэк (imperative plural second-person)
эл -иэлэк (second-person singular)
эл -иэгэн (singular third-person)
эл -иэгэ (first-person plural)
эл -иэҥилэк (plural second-person)
эл -иэҥигэн (plural third-person)
-иэм (first-person interrogative singular)
-иэк (interrogative second-person singular)
-иэ (interrogative singular third-person)
-иэлоок (first-person interrogative plural)
-иэмэт (interrogative plural second-person)
-иэҥи (interrogative plural third-person)
-иэй (attributive)
-иэйэ (attributive future)
от (first-person irrealis singular)
мэт -иэйэ (first-person irrealis singular)
от (irrealis second-person singular)
мэт -иэйэк (irrealis second-person singular)
от (irrealis singular third-person)
мэт -иэй (irrealis singular third-person)
от (first-person irrealis plural)
мэт -иэйэли (first-person irrealis plural)
от (irrealis plural second-person)
мэт -иэйэмэт (irrealis plural second-person)
от (irrealis plural third-person)
мэт -иэҥи (irrealis plural third-person)
-иэльэлдьэ (first-person singular)
-иэльэлдьэк (second-person singular)
-иэльэл (singular third-person)
-иэльэлдьэли (first-person plural)
-иэльэлдьэмэт (plural second-person)
-иэльэлҥи (plural third-person)
-иэможи (first-person prospective singular)
-иэможимэк (prospective second-person singular)
-иэможим (prospective singular third-person)
-иэможий (first-person plural prospective)
-иэможимэт (plural prospective second-person)
-иэможиҥаа (plural prospective third-person)
-иэльэлтэйэ (first-person hypothetical singular)
-иэльэлтэйэк (hypothetical second-person singular)
-иэльэлтэй (hypothetical singular third-person)
-иэльэлтиили (first-person hypothetical plural)
-иэльэлтиимэт (hypothetical plural second-person)
-иэльэлҥитэй (hypothetical plural third-person)
-иэл (future hypothetical)
-иэлоол (second-person singular)
-иэйоон (first-person plural subjective)
-иэдин (plural supine third-person)
-иэлбэн (future hypothetical)
-иэйбэн (singular)
-иэтиибэн (singular subjective)
-иэл можуу (plural prospective supine)
-иэлоол можуу (plural prospective third-person)
-иэлгэ (singular)
-иэлгэнэ (singular)
-иэт (imperfective plural prospective)
-иэдэллэ (perfective plural third-person)
-иэдэгэ (singular)
-иэдэйнэ (singular)
-иэдэ (plural prospective)
-иэҥидэ (conditional plural third-person)
-иэҥидэгэ (singular)
-иэҥидэйнэ (singular)
эл -иэ чуөн (negative plural prospective)
-иэнит (plural third-person)

yux-conj-table

эл -иэтиимэт

от/мэт -иэйэ

от/мэт -иэйэк

от/мэт -иэйэли

от/мэт -иэйэмэт

от/мэт -иэҥи

-иэльэлдьэли

-иэльэлдьэмэт

-иэльэлтэйэк

-иэльэлтиили

-иэльэлтиимэт

-иэльэлҥитэй

-иэлоол можуу


gloeo-

Derived from Ancient Greek γλοιός (gloiós).

der+

gloeo- + vessel → gloeovessel

gloeo- + cystidium → gloeocystidium

(biology) Having the character of glue; sticky.


-etine

IUPAC Commission of Nomenclature for Heterocyclic Compounds (1957)

(organic chemistry, obsolete) Indicating a 4-ring heterocyclic compound with nitrogen and one double bond


-oline

(organic chemistry, obsolete) Indicating a 5-ring heterocyclic compound with nitrogen and one double bond


-оой

-ōj (romanization)
эл -оойэ (first-person negative singular)
эл -оойэк (negative second-person singular)
эл -оой (negative singular third-person)
эл -оойэли (first-person negative plural)
эл -оойэмэт (negative plural second-person)
эл -ооҥи (negative plural third-person)
-оойэ (first-person indefinite participle singular v-focus)
-оойэк (indefinite participle second-person singular v-focus)
-оой (indefinite participle singular third-person v-focus)
-оойэли (first-person indefinite participle plural v-focus)
-оойэмэт (indefinite participle plural second-person v-focus)
-ооҥи (indefinite participle plural third-person v-focus)
-оол (first-person indefinite n-focus participle singular)
-оол (indefinite n-focus participle second-person singular)
-оол (indefinite n-focus participle singular third-person)
-оол (first-person indefinite n-focus participle plural)
-оол (indefinite n-focus participle plural second-person)
-ооҥил (indefinite n-focus participle plural third-person)
эл -оотэйэ (first-person future negative singular)
эл -оотэйэк (future negative second-person singular)
эл -оотэй (future negative singular third-person)
эл -оотиили (first-person future negative plural)
эл -оотиимэт (future negative plural second-person)
эл -ооҥитэй (future negative plural third-person)
-оотэйэ (first-person future indefinite participle singular v-focus)
-оотэйэк (future indefinite participle second-person singular v-focus)
-оотэй (future indefinite participle singular third-person v-focus)
-оотиили (first-person future indefinite participle plural v-focus)
-оотиимэт (future indefinite participle plural second-person v-focus)
-ооҥитэй (future indefinite participle plural third-person v-focus)
-оотэл (first-person future indefinite n-focus participle singular)
-оотэл (future indefinite n-focus participle second-person singular)
-оотэл (future indefinite n-focus participle singular third-person)
-оотэл (first-person future indefinite n-focus participle plural)
-оотэл (future indefinite n-focus participle plural second-person)
-ооҥитэл (future indefinite n-focus participle plural third-person)
-оок (imperative second-person singular)
-оогэн (imperative singular third-person)
-оогэ (first-person imperative plural)
-ооҥик (imperative plural second-person)
-ооҥигэн (imperative plural third-person)
-оогэк (imperative second-person singular)
-ооҥигэк (imperative plural second-person)
эл -оолэк (second-person singular)
эл -оогэн (singular third-person)
эл -оогэ (first-person plural)
эл -ооҥилэк (plural second-person)
эл -ооҥигэн (plural third-person)
-оом (first-person interrogative singular)
-оок (interrogative second-person singular)
-оо (interrogative singular third-person)
-оолоок (first-person interrogative plural)
-оомэт (interrogative plural second-person)
-ооҥи (interrogative plural third-person)
-оой (attributive)
-оойэ (attributive future)
от (first-person irrealis singular)
мэт -оойэ (first-person irrealis singular)
от (irrealis second-person singular)
мэт -оойэк (irrealis second-person singular)
от (irrealis singular third-person)
мэт -оой (irrealis singular third-person)
от (first-person irrealis plural)
мэт -оойэли (first-person irrealis plural)
от (irrealis plural second-person)
мэт -оойэмэт (irrealis plural second-person)
от (irrealis plural third-person)
мэт -ооҥи (irrealis plural third-person)
-оольэлдьэ (first-person singular)
-оольэлдьэк (second-person singular)
-оольэл (singular third-person)
-оольэлдьэли (first-person plural)
-оольэлдьэмэт (plural second-person)
-оольэлҥи (plural third-person)
-ооможи (first-person prospective singular)
-ооможимэк (prospective second-person singular)
-ооможим (prospective singular third-person)
-ооможий (first-person plural prospective)
-ооможимэт (plural prospective second-person)
-ооможиҥаа (plural prospective third-person)
-оольэлтэйэ (first-person hypothetical singular)
-оольэлтэйэк (hypothetical second-person singular)
-оольэлтэй (hypothetical singular third-person)
-оольэлтиили (first-person hypothetical plural)
-оольэлтиимэт (hypothetical plural second-person)
-оольэлҥитэй (hypothetical plural third-person)
-оол (future hypothetical)
-оолоол (second-person singular)
-оойоон (first-person plural subjective)
-оодин (plural supine third-person)
-оолбэн (future hypothetical)
-оойбэн (singular)
-оотиибэн (singular subjective)
-оол можуу (plural prospective supine)
-оолоол можуу (plural prospective third-person)
-оолгэ (singular)
-оолгэнэ (singular)
-оот (imperfective plural prospective)
-оодэллэ (perfective plural third-person)
-оодэгэ (singular)
-оодэйнэ (singular)
-оодэ (plural prospective)
-ооҥидэ (conditional plural third-person)
-ооҥидэгэ (singular)
-ооҥидэйнэ (singular)
эл -оо чуөн (negative plural prospective)
-оонит (plural third-person)

yux-conj-table

эл -оотиимэт

от/мэт -оойэ

от/мэт -оойэк

от/мэт -оойэли

от/мэт -оойэмэт

от/мэт -ооҥи

-оольэлдьэли

-оольэлдьэмэт

-оольэлтэйэк

-оольэлтиили

-оольэлтиимэт

-оольэлҥитэй

-оолоол можуу


-etidine

Indicating a saturated 4-ring heterocyclic compound with nitrogen


-olidine

Indicating a saturated 5-ring heterocyclic compound with nitrogen


fluora-

Indicating a heterocyclic compound with fluorine substitution


-iʀō

-iʀō (masculine nominative singular)
-iʀā (feminine nominative singular)
-iʀā (neuter nominative singular)
-iʀan (accusative masculine singular)
-iʀōn (accusative feminine singular)
-iʀā (accusative neuter singular)
-iʀini (genitive masculine singular)
-iʀan (genitive masculine singular)
-iʀōn (feminine genitive singular)
-iʀini (genitive neuter singular)
-iʀan (genitive neuter singular)
-iʀini (dative masculine singular)
-iʀan (dative masculine singular)
-iʀōn (dative feminine singular)
-iʀini (dative neuter singular)
-iʀan (dative neuter singular)
-iʀini (instrumental masculine singular)
-iʀan (instrumental masculine singular)
-iʀōn (feminine instrumental singular)
-iʀini (instrumental neuter singular)
-iʀan (instrumental neuter singular)
-iʀan (masculine nominative plural)
-iʀōn (feminine nominative plural)
-iʀōn (neuter nominative plural)
-iʀan (accusative masculine plural)
-iʀōn (accusative feminine plural)
-iʀōn (accusative neuter plural)
-iʀanō (genitive masculine plural)
-iʀōnō (feminine genitive plural)
-iʀanō (genitive neuter plural)
-iʀum (dative masculine plural)
-iʀōm (dative feminine plural)
-iʀum (dative feminine plural)
-iʀum (dative neuter plural)
-iʀum (instrumental masculine plural)
-iʀōm (feminine instrumental plural)
-iʀum (feminine instrumental plural)
-iʀum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: -ra

Middle English: -ere, -er

English: -er

Old Frisian: -ere

West Frisian: -ere

Old Dutch: -iro, -ero

Middle Dutch: -er
Dutch: -er

Old High German: -iro

Middle High German: -er

German: -er

-er. Forms the comparative of certain adjectives.


-èssa

Forms the feminine equivalent to a masculine noun.


-пэль

Used to form nouns with a diminutive or endearing meaning.


dè-

chargiér (“load”) + dè- → dèchargiér (“unload”)

Attaches to a verb to form its opposite counterpart.


-adán

A reanalysis originating with words ending in -ad or -aid to which the suffix -án was added, such as amadán from amaid or snáthadán from snáthaid.


helo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἕλος (hélos).


è-

Attaches to verbs, often adding a privative sense.


-atka

-atka (nominative singular)
-atki (nominative plural)
-atki (genitive singular)
-atek (genitive plural)
-atce (dative singular)
-atkom (dative plural)
-atkę (accusative singular)
-atki (accusative plural)
-atką (instrumental singular)
-atkami (instrumental plural)
-atce (locative singular)
-atkach (locative plural)
-atko (singular vocative)
-atki (plural vocative)

kolec (“prickle, thorn”) + -atka → kolczatka (“echidna”)

lew (“lion”) + -atka → lwiatka (“lion tamarin”)

małpa (“monkey, ape”) + -atka → małpiatka (“prosimian”)

palec (“finger”) + -atka → palczatka (“lemongrass”)

forms feminine nouns denoting a specific feature; often used for taxonomic names


-ни

ку̏ћа + -ни → ку̏ћнӣ

added to nouns to form a relational adjective


dictyo-

From Ancient Greek δίκτυον (díktuon, “net”).


aletho-

From Ancient Greek ἀλήθεια (alḗtheia, “truth”).


tridec-

Alternative form of trideca- used before a vowel.


pentadec-

Alternative form of pentadeca- used before a vowel.


heptadec-

Alternative form of heptadeca- used before a vowel.


-estris

-estre (neuter)
-estris (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-estre (neuter nominative singular)
-estrēs (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-estria (neuter nominative plural)
-estris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-estrium (feminine genitive masculine neuter)
-estrī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-estribus (dative feminine masculine neuter)
-estrem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-estre (accusative neuter singular)
-estrēs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-estrīs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-estria (accusative neuter plural)
-estrī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-estribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
-estris (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-estre (neuter singular vocative)
-estrēs (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-estria (neuter plural vocative)

[ˈɛs̠t̪rɪs̠]

Rebracketed from terrestris, which is derived from Proto-Italic *terzos + -tris.

Derives adjectives from nouns primarily meaning "dwelling, located in".


-tris

-tre (neuter)
-tris (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-tre (neuter nominative singular)
-trēs (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-tria (neuter nominative plural)
-tris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-trium (feminine genitive masculine neuter)
-trī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-tribus (dative feminine masculine neuter)
-trem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-tre (accusative neuter singular)
-trēs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-trīs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-tria (accusative neuter plural)
-trī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-tribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
-tris (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-tre (neuter singular vocative)
-trēs (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-tria (neuter plural vocative)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *-teros.


a³¹-

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔa(ŋ/k)- (“noun prefix”) (STEDT). Compare Burmese အ- (a.-), Chinese 阿 (ā) and Tibetan ཨ- (a-).

inh

noun prefix for some kinship terms and derivations from verbs


takke-

From takkewijf, where the element takke- represents the noun attaque (“attack”). Unrelated to tak (“twig, branch”), although often associated with it, yielding alternate spellings where the prefix is rendered as takken- (e.g. takkeneind).

(mildly vulgar intensifier) damn, fucking


פֿיר־

head

פֿיר־ • (fir-)

Prefix form of פֿיר (fir) (etymology 3).

פֿיר־ (fir-) + ברענגען (brengen, “to bring”) → פֿירברענגען (firbrengen, “to bring forward”)

פֿאָר־ פֿאָר־#Yiddish

Alternative form of פֿאָר־ (for-): adverbial prefix generally with the sense of "before" or "in front of" or "higher"


-टा

-ṭā (romanization)
-टा (direct singular)
-टे (direct plural)
-टे (oblique singular)
-टों (oblique plural)
-टे (singular vocative)
-टो (plural vocative)
-टा (direct masculine singular)
-टे (direct masculine plural)
-टी (direct feminine singular)
-टी (direct feminine plural)
-टे (masculine oblique singular)
-टे (masculine oblique plural)
-टी (feminine oblique singular)
-टी (feminine oblique plural)
-टे (masculine singular vocative)
-टे (masculine plural vocative)
-टी (feminine singular vocative)
-टी (feminine plural vocative)

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝 (vaṭṭa), from Sanskrit वर्त (varta), from the root वृत् (vṛt).

झपट (jhapaṭ, “swoop, pounce”) + -टा (-ṭā) → झपट्टा (jhapaṭṭā, “swoop, pounce”)

Pleonastic suffix appended to nouns and adjectives.


-znacnoi

-znacnoi (nominative singular)
-znacnoit (nominative plural)
-znacnoin (genitive singular)
-znacnoin (genitive plural)
-znacnoita (partitive singular)
-znacnoita (partitive plural)
-znacnoihe (illative singular)
-znacnoihe (illative plural)
-znacnois (inessive singular)
-znacnois (inessive plural)
-znacnoist (elative singular)
-znacnoist (elative plural)
-znacnoille (allative singular)
-znacnoille (allative plural)
-znacnoil (adessive singular)
-znacnoil (adessive plural)
-znacnoilt (ablative singular)
-znacnoilt (ablative plural)
-znacnoiks (singular translative)
-znacnoiks (plural translative)
-znacnoinna (essive singular)
-znacnoin (essive singular)
-znacnoinna (essive plural)
-znacnoin (essive plural)
-znacnoint (exessive singular)
-znacnoint (exessive plural)

[-z̠nɑt͡ʃnŏ̞̥]

Borrowed from Russian -значный (-značnyj).


адна-

From адзін (adzin). Compare Russian, Ukrainian одно- (odno-).


brak-

(colloquial, intensifier) great or imposing


-plasm

From Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma, “something molded”); a doublet of plasma used mostly in biology.


Trachycephalus

trachy- (“spiky, jagged”) + -cephalus m (“head”)

affix

A taxonomic genus within the subfamily Lophyohylinae – certain tree frogs.


Trachelyopterus

trachel- (“neck”) + lyo- (“to loosen, to dissolve”) + -pterus (“-winged”)

A taxonomic genus within the subfamily Auchenipterinae – certain catfishes.


-аваць

-аваць (canonical)
-ава́ць (canonical)
-avacʹ (romanization)
-avácʹ (romanization)

⇒ Yiddish: ־עווען (-even)

Inherited from Old Ruthenian -овати (-ovati), from Old East Slavic -овати (-ovati), Proto-Slavic *-ovati. Compare Polish -ować, Russian -овать (-ovatʹ), Ukrainian -увати (-uvaty).

inh+

Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives, or foreign verbs

-ява́ць — when combined with a word ending in й


ἀγα-

From Proto-Hellenic *əga-, from Proto-Indo-European *m̥ǵh₂-, zero-grade prefix from *méǵh₂s (“big, great”).


־ערהייט

Possibly ־ער (-er, “masculine adjective ending”) + ־הייט (-heyt). Alternatively, the ־ער (-er) component may be cognate to German er-, from Middle High German er-.

com

שיכּור (shiker, “drunk”) + ־ערהייט (-erheyt) → שיכּורערהייט (shikererheyt, “while drunk”)

געזונט (gezunt, “healthy”) + ־ערהייט (-erheyt) → געזונטערהייט (gezunterheyt, “in good health; while healthy”)

קליין (kleyn, “small”) + ־ערהייט (-erheyt) → קליינערהייט (kleynerheyt, “while young”)

adverb-forming suffix with the meaning of "while", "during", "at the time of"


-abad

From Urdu آباد (-ābād) and Persian ـآباد (-âbâd).

used to form the names of cities and towns, especially in Persian- and Urdu-speaking areas


-аниѥ

-tion (suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs)


-vere

head

-vere (genitive -vere, partitive -veret)

-vere (genitive)
-veret (partitive)
-vere (nominative singular)
-vere (accusative nominative singular)
-vere (accusative genitive singular)
-vere (genitive singular)
-veret (partitive singular)
-verre (illative singular)
-veresse (illative singular)
-veres (inessive singular)
-verest (elative singular)
-verele (allative singular)
-verel (adessive singular)
-verelt (ablative singular)
-vereks (singular translative)
-vereni (singular terminative)
-verena (essive singular)
-vereta (abessive singular)
-verega (comitative singular)

Most likely from veer (“edge”). Other theories include relation to pere (“family”), veri (“blood”), vare (“pile, ruins”), Finnish verho, vaara, and many others.


-istika

cs-noun

-istika f (noun-forming suffix, relational adjective -istický)

-istický (adjective relational)
-istika (nominative singular)
-istiky (nominative plural)
-istiky (genitive singular)
-istik (genitive plural)
-istice (dative singular)
-istikám (dative plural)
-istiku (accusative singular)
-istiky (accusative plural)
-istiko (singular vocative)
-istiky (plural vocative)
-istice (locative singular)
-istikách (locative plural)
-istikou (instrumental singular)
-istikami (instrumental plural)

forms nouns referring to fields of knowledge or practice; -istics


per- -i

head

pêr- -i (non-active/imperative/basic per- -i, active memper- -i, passive diper- -i, perfective passive teper- -i)

pêr- -i (canonical)
memper- -i (active)
diper- -i (passive)
teper- -i (passive perfective)

baik (“good”) → perbaiki (“to make good, better; to improve; to repair; to fix”)

used to form causative aspect and transitivity on a verb


-ėšks

Probably cognate to Lithuanian -iškas, Latvian -isks.

adjective forming suffix added to nouns: -ish, -ic, -like, -ly


-μετρία

grc-noun

-μετρίᾱ • (-metríā) f (genitive -μετρίᾱς); first declension

-μετρίᾱ (canonical)
-metríā (romanization)
-μετρίᾱς (genitive)

desctree

Latin: -metria
→ Catalan: -metria
→ Finnish: -metria
→ French: -métrie
→ English: -metry
→ Italian: -metria
→ Polish: -metria
→ Portuguese: -metria
→ Spanish: -metría

From μέτρον (métron, “measurement”) + -ίᾱ (-íā).

af

forms noun pertaining to measurement: -metry


-esimus

-ēsimus (canonical)
-ēsima (feminine)
-ēsimum (neuter)
-ēsimus (masculine nominative singular)
-ēsima (feminine nominative singular)
-ēsimum (neuter nominative singular)
-ēsimī (masculine nominative singular)
-ēsimae (feminine nominative plural)
-ēsima (neuter nominative plural)
-ēsimī (genitive masculine singular)
-ēsimae (feminine genitive singular)
-ēsimī (genitive neuter singular)
-ēsimōrum (genitive masculine singular)
-ēsimārum (feminine genitive plural)
-ēsimōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-ēsimō (dative masculine singular)
-ēsimae (dative feminine singular)
-ēsimō (dative neuter singular)
-ēsimīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
-ēsimum (accusative masculine singular)
-ēsimam (accusative feminine singular)
-ēsimum (accusative neuter singular)
-ēsimōs (accusative masculine singular)
-ēsimās (accusative feminine plural)
-ēsima (accusative neuter plural)
-ēsimō (ablative masculine singular)
-ēsimā (ablative feminine singular)
-ēsimō (ablative neuter singular)
-ēsimīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
-ēsime (masculine singular vocative)
-ēsima (feminine singular vocative)
-ēsimum (neuter singular vocative)
-ēsimī (masculine singular vocative)
-ēsimae (feminine plural vocative)
-ēsima (neuter plural vocative)


-óna

pilizâ (“to quarrel”) + -óna → pilizóna (“quarrelsome woman”)

suffix that forms feminine animate nouns from other parts of speech


-róna

From Portuguese -ona. -r- is due to rebracketing of mulherona (“large woman”) from Portuguese.

rebracketing

amui (“young girl”) + -róna → amuiróna (“well-developed young girl”)

Alternative form of -óna: feminine augmentative suffix


-odon

From Ancient Greek ὀδών (odṓn), variant of ὀδούς (odoús), or reanalysis of English -odont.

(taxonomy) Used to form names of genera, according to the appearance of their teeth.


-іва

Inherited from Old Ruthenian -иво (-ivo), from Old East Slavic -иво (-ivo), from Proto-Slavic *-ivo. Compare Polish -iwo, Ukrainian -иво (-yvo).

inh+

пячы́ (pjačý, “to bake”) + -іва (-iva) → пе́чыва (pjéčyva, “baked goods”)

мро́іць (mróicʹ, “(archaic) to become barely visible”) + -іва (-iva) → мро́іва (mróiva, “haze, mist”)

маро́зіць (marózicʹ, “to freeze”) + -іва (-iva) → маро́зіва (maróziva, “ice cream”)

жаць (žacʹ, “to reap”) + -іва (-iva) → жні́ва (žníva, “harvest”)

deverbal suffix used to form nouns, that denote a product of the activity described by the verb

палі́ць (palícʹ, “to burn”) + -іва (-iva) → па́ліва (páliva, “fuel”)

deverbal suffix used to form nouns, that denote an instrument or material used to perform the activity described by the verb

denominal suffix used to form nouns, that denote instrumental and resultant terms


kina- -an

kinadak-an

kinapusuran

relative superlative
relative superlative#English

Forms relative superlative forms of adjectives


-तम

-tamá (romanization)
-तमः (nominative singular)
-तमौ (dual nominative)
-तमा1 (dual nominative)
-तमाः (nominative plural)
-तमासः1 (nominative plural)
-तम (singular vocative)
-तमौ (dual vocative)
-तमा1 (dual vocative)
-तमाः (plural vocative)
-तमासः1 (plural vocative)
-तमम् (accusative singular)
-तमौ (accusative dual)
-तमा1 (accusative dual)
-तमान् (accusative plural)
-तमेन (instrumental singular)
-तमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
-तमैः (instrumental plural)
-तमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
-तमाय (dative singular)
-तमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
-तमेभ्यः (dative plural)
-तमात् (ablative singular)
-तमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
-तमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
-तमस्य (genitive singular)
-तमयोः (dual genitive)
-तमानाम् (genitive plural)
-तमे (locative singular)
-तमयोः (dual locative)
-तमेषु (locative plural)
-तमी (nominative singular)
-तम्यौ (dual nominative)
-तमी1 (dual nominative)
-तम्यः (nominative plural)
-तमीः1 (nominative plural)
-तमि (singular vocative)
-तम्यौ (dual vocative)
-तमी1 (dual vocative)
-तम्यः (plural vocative)
-तमीः1 (plural vocative)
-तमीम् (accusative singular)
-तम्यौ (accusative dual)
-तमी1 (accusative dual)
-तमीः (accusative plural)
-तम्या (instrumental singular)
-तमीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
-तमीभिः (instrumental plural)
-तम्यै (dative singular)
-तमीभ्याम् (dative dual)
-तमीभ्यः (dative plural)
-तम्याः (ablative singular)
-तम्यै2 (ablative singular)
-तमीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
-तमीभ्यः (ablative plural)
-तम्याः (genitive singular)
-तम्यै2 (genitive singular)
-तम्योः (dual genitive)
-तमीनाम् (genitive plural)
-तम्याम् (locative singular)
-तम्योः (dual locative)
-तमीषु (locative plural)
-तमम् (nominative singular)
-तमे (dual nominative)
-तमानि (nominative plural)
-तमा1 (nominative plural)
-तम (singular vocative)
-तमे (dual vocative)
-तमानि (plural vocative)
-तमा1 (plural vocative)
-तमम् (accusative singular)
-तमे (accusative dual)
-तमानि (accusative plural)
-तमा1 (accusative plural)
-तमेन (instrumental singular)
-तमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
-तमैः (instrumental plural)
-तमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
-तमाय (dative singular)
-तमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
-तमेभ्यः (dative plural)
-तमात् (ablative singular)
-तमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
-तमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
-तमस्य (genitive singular)
-तमयोः (dual genitive)
-तमानाम् (genitive plural)
-तमे (locative singular)
-तमयोः (dual locative)
-तमेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *-tamás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tamás, from Proto-Indo-European *-tm̥mós. Cognate with Avestan -𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (-təma).

शत (śatá, “hundred”) + -तम (-tama) → शततम (śatatamá, “hundredth”)


-eezy

Alternative form of -izzle (suffix forming hip-hop-sounding words)


-έα

grc-noun

-έᾱ • (-éā) f (genitive -έᾱς); first declension

-έᾱ (canonical)
-éā (romanization)
-έᾱς (genitive)

Greek: -ιά (-iá)


pemer-

singkat (“short; brief”) → pemersingkat (“shortener; abbreviator; abridger”)

used to form a agent noun that can cause or change


balwa-

Old English: bealu-

Old Saxon: balu-

Old Dutch: balo-

Old High German: balo-

⇒ Old High German: balorāt

Middle High German: balrāt

From *balu (“bad, evil”), possibly a calque of Late Latin male-, from male (“badly, wrongly”).


-cercous

From New Latin cercus, from Ancient Greek κέρκος (kérkos, “tail”).


-phane

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -φανής (-phanḗs, “having a certain appearance”).


-facture

Clipping of manufacture, ultimately from Latin factus (“done, made”), perfect passive participle of faciō (“to do, make”).

Used to form nouns denoting the process of producing or making something.


-elos

head

*-elos m (feminine *-elā, neuter *-elom)

-elā (feminine)
-elom (neuter)
-elos (nominative singular)
-elōs (nominative plural)
-eloi (nominative plural)
-ele (singular vocative)
-elōs (plural vocative)
-eloi (plural vocative)
-elom (accusative singular)
-elons (accusative plural)
-elosjo (genitive singular)
-elī (genitive singular)
-elom (genitive plural)
-elōi (dative singular)
-elois (dative plural)
-elōd (ablative singular)
-elois (ablative plural)
-elei (locative singular)
-elois (locative plural)

Latin: -ulus

Faliscan: -𐌄𐌋𐌏𐌔 (-elos)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-elós, thematized from Proto-Indo-European *-lós.

inh+

Forms agentive verbal adjectives and agent nouns


-phanous

From Ancient Greek -φανής (-phanḗs, “appearing”), from φαίνω (phaínō, “I shine, appear”), compare diaphanous and apophanous.

der

Forms adjectives describing a material's appearance or the conditions under which this appearance changes.


-ੜ

-ṛa (romanization)
ـڑ (Shahmukhi)
-ੜ (direct singular)
-ੜ (direct plural)
-ੜ (oblique singular)
-ੜਾਂ (oblique plural)
-ੜਾ (singular vocative)
-ੜੋ (plural vocative)
-ੜੋਂ (ablative singular)
-ੜੇ (locative singular)
-ੜੀਂ (locative plural)
-ੜੇ (instrumental singular)
-ੜੀਂ (instrumental plural)

ਪੱਗ (pagga, “turban”) + -ੜ (-ṛa) → ਪੱਗੜ (paggaṛ, “large, grand turban”)

used to form masculine augmentative nouns

ਦੁਹੱਥ (duhattha, “two hands”) + -ੜ (-ṛa) → ਦੁਹੱਥੜ (duhatthaṛ, “a blow with two hands”, literally “two-hander”)


ـڑ

-ṛ (romanization)
-ੜ (Gurmukhi)
ـڑ (direct singular)
ـڑ (direct plural)
ـڑ (oblique singular)
ـڑاں (oblique plural)
ـڑا (singular vocative)
ـڑو (plural vocative)
ـڑوں (ablative singular)
ـڑاں (ablative plural)
ـڑے (locative singular)
ـڑِیں (locative plural)
ـڑوں (instrumental singular)

پَگّ (pagg, “turban”) + ـڑ (-ṛ) → پَگَّڑ (paggaṛ, “large, grand turban”)

دُہَتّھ (duhatth, “two hands”) + ـڑ (-ṛ) → دُہَتَّھڑ (duhatthaṛ, “a blow with two hands”, literally “two-hander”)


-знаўства

head

-зна́ўства • (-znáŭstva)

-зна́ўства (canonical)
-znáŭstva (romanization)
-зна́ўства (nominative singular)
-зна́ўствы (nominative plural)
-зна́ўства (genitive singular)
-зна́ўстваў (genitive plural)
-зна́ўству (dative singular)
-зна́ўствам (dative plural)
-зна́ўства (accusative singular)
-зна́ўствы (accusative plural)
-зна́ўствам (instrumental singular)
-зна́ўствамі (instrumental plural)
-зна́ўстве (locative singular)
-зна́ўствах (locative plural)
-зна́ўствы (count-form plural)

be-ndecl

-зна́ўства<>

By surface analysis, *знава́ць (*znavácʹ) (as seen in imperfective forms such as пазнава́ць (paznavácʹ)) or зна́вец (znávjec) + -ства (-stva). Most likely borrowed from Polish znawstwo.

мо́ва (móva, “language”) + -знаўства (-znaŭstva) → мовазна́ўства (movaznáŭstva, “linguistics”, literally “language science”)

грамада́ (hramadá, “community”) + -знаўства (-znaŭstva) → грамадазна́ўства (hramadaznáŭstva, “social science”)

suffix added to mean "science", "studies", or "art" of something


-osć

-osć (nominative singular)
-osći (dual nominative)
-osće (nominative plural)
-osće (genitive singular)
-osćow (dual genitive)
-osćow (genitive plural)
-osći (dative singular)
-osćomaj (dative dual)
-osćam (dative plural)
-osć (accusative singular)
-osći (accusative dual)
-osće (accusative plural)
-osću (instrumental singular)
-osćomaj (dual instrumental)
-osćemi (instrumental plural)
-osći (locative singular)
-osćomaj (dual locative)
-osćach (locative plural)
-osć (singular vocative)
-osći (dual vocative)
-osće (plural vocative)

słaby + -osć → słabosć

wěčny + -osć → wěčnosć

Used with adjectival stems to form abstract nouns; -ness


-а-

Inherited from Old Ruthenian -о- (-o-), from Old East Slavic -о- (-o-), from Proto-Slavic *-o-. Compare Russian and Ukrainian -о- (-o-).

-е-

used after some palatalized and hushing consonants


-ემ

გდ- (gd-, “to make fun of”) + -ემ (-em) → აიდგემს (aidgems, “S/he makes fun of”)

სიმად- (simad-, “to memorize”) + -ემ (-em) → ისიმადემს (isimadems, “S/he thinks”)

ლ- (l-, “to go”) + -ემ (-em) → ალემს (alems, “S/he smells”)

ჭკენდინაფ- (ç̌ǩendinap-, “to make someone forget”) + -ემ (-em) → გოჭკენდინაფემს (goç̌ǩendinapems, “S/he makes someone forget something”)


-იმ

Inherited from Proto-Kartvelian *-am : -m (verbal thematic suffix).

inh+

ნწკ- (nǯǩ-) + -იმ (-im) → გონწკიმს (gonǯǩims)

ზდ- (zd-) + -იმ (-im) → ეზდიმს (ezdims)

წკ- (ǯǩ-) + -იმ (-im) → მეწკიმს (meǯǩims)

წკ- (ǯǩ-) + -იმ (-im) → წკიმს (ǯǩims)


-ომ

Inherited from Proto-Kartvelian *-am : -m.

ფუქურ- (pukur-) + -ომ (-om) → ფუკურომს (puǩuroms)

კითხ- (ǩitx-) + -ომ (-om) → მოკითხომს (moǩitxoms)

დიცხირ- (diʒxir-) + -ომ (-om) → გოდიცხირომს (godiʒxiroms)

მფულ- (mpul-) + -ომ (-om) → მფულომს (mpuloms)


-ერ

შიმ- (şim-) + -ერ (-er) → მუშიმერს (muşimers)

ლიმ- (lim-) + -ერ (-er) → დოლიმერს (dolimers)

ლიმ- (lim-) + -ერ (-er) → გოლიმერს (golimers)

შიმ- (şim-) + -ერ (-er) → გოშიმერს (goşimers)


-ურ

მგ- (mg-) + -ურ (-ur) → ნუმგურს (numgurs)

ტ- (ť-) + -ურ (-ur) → იტურს (iťurs)

შ- (ş-) + -ურ (-ur) → ნაშურს (naşurs)

კანწ- (ǩanǯ-) + -ურ (-ur) → იკანწურს (iǩanǯurs)


-უმერ

დ- (d-) + -უმერ (-umer) → გჲოდუმერს (gyodumers)

დ- (d-) + -უმერ (-umer) → დუმერს (dumers)

დ- (d-) + -უმერ (-umer) → მოდუმერს (modumers)

შქ- (şk-) + -უმერ (-umer) → ნაშქუმერს (naşkumers)


-ენ

Combination of -ერ (-er, thematic suffix) + -ნ (-n, marker of imperfective aspect, present tense, 3rd person and singular), where "r" regularly disappears before "n".

af

ნქან- (nkan-) + -ენ (-en) → ელანქანენ (elankanen)

ჩქინ- (çkin-) + -ენ (-en) → ნაჩქინენ (naçkinen)

ნძინ- (nżin-) + -ენ (-en) → მანძინენ (manżinen)

ჭიბრ- (ç̌ibr-) + -ენ (-en) → იჭიბრენ (iç̌ibren)

verbal thematic suffix and imperfective aspect, present tense, 3rd person and singular marker


-he

berr (“short”) + -he → berrhe (“to shorten”)

tòmm (“hot, warm”) + -he → tòmmhe (“to heat, warm”)

yeyn (“cold”) + -he → yeynhe (“to chill”)

unver (“agreed”) + -he → unverhe (“to agree”)

dowr (“water”) + -he → dowrhe (“to water, irrigate”)


-onydh

A fusion of -onieth (“suffix denoting a discipline or science”) + -ydh (“agent suffix”); one who practices a science or discipline.

com

hendhyski (“to study the ancient”) + -onydh → hendhyskonydh (“archaeologist”)

brys (“mind”) + -onydh → brysonydh (“psychologist”)

godh- (“root of godhvos, to know”) + -onydh → godhonydh (“scientist”)

duw (“god”) + -onydh → duwonydh (“theologian”)

Forms masculine nouns relating to professions


-köi

From Proto-Cariban *-kôi (suffix forming allative postpositions).

inh

forms locative or allative postpositions: at, to


-kökö

From Proto-Cariban *-kôkô (suffix forming perlative postpositions).

forms perlative postpositions: by way of


-wö

From Proto-Cariban *-wô (suffix forming locative postpositions).


-तर

Merging of Sanskrit -तर (-tara) and Classical Persian ـتر (-tar). In both cases, from Proto-Indo-European *-teros. Doublet of -एरा (-erā).

forms the comparative degree of some nouns of Sanskrit origin


-fuld

ske (“spoon”) + -fuld → skefuld (“spoonful”)


-atilis

-ātilis (canonical)
-ātile (neuter)
-ātilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-ātile (neuter nominative singular)
-ātilēs (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-ātilia (neuter nominative plural)
-ātilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-ātilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter)
-ātilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ātilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter)
-ātilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-ātile (accusative neuter singular)
-ātilēs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-ātilīs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-ātilia (accusative neuter plural)
-ātilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ātilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
-ātilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-ātile (neuter singular vocative)
-ātilēs (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-ātilia (neuter plural vocative)

[ˈäːt̪ɪkʊs̠]

From -ātus (“-ate”, “-like”) + -ilis: the latter suffix is often attached to the perfect passive participle stems of verbs, which end similarly to the adjective-forming suffix -ātus.

Added to noun stems, forms adjectives, usually with the sense "belonging to", "dwelling in"


-chroic

From Ancient Greek χρώς (khrṓs, “color, complexion”).

bor

Producing or changing color in a certain way.


-podium

From Ancient Greek πούς (poús, “foot”) + -ium (“biological structure”).

af

(biology) Relating to or being a leg-like structure.


-pody

From Ancient Greek -ποδία (-podía) from πούς (poús, “foot”).

(poetry) A unit or line consisting of a specified number of metrical feet


проці-

From проці (próci, “against”). Compare Russian противо- (protivo-), Ukrainian проти- (proty-), Polish przeciw-, Czech proti-.

проці- (próci-) + зако́нны (zakónny, “law (relational)”) → процізако́нны (procizakónny, “anti-law; illegal”)

anti- (opposed to, goes against the principles of someone or something)


fjärr-

From fjärran. Compare Norwegian Nynorsk fjern-.

en fjärrkontroll

en fjärrskådare

fjärrtrafik

having to do with a (far) removed location (or occurring over a (long) distance, thinking about it differently); remote, long-distance, tele-, etc.


נאָכ־

Prefixed form of the preposition נאָך (nokh)


o₁ (dual nominative)
o₁ (dual vocative)
-nā́m (accusative singular)
o-nā́m (accusative singular)
o₁ (accusative dual)

*-n- + *-éh₂, possibly reanalyzed from deadjectival nouns in *-nós (compare the zero-grade formation of *tn̥-néh₂), but with the ablaut pattern taken from *(o)-éh₂. In some cases thematicized from an n- or r/n-stem, e.g. *h₁osnéh₂.

bʰeh₂- (“speak”) + *-néh₂ → *bʰoh₂-néh₂ (“voice”)

ǵʰer(H)- (“enclose”) + *-néh₂ → *ǵʰor(H)-néh₂ (“intestines”)


-işko

Suffix creating colloquial and/or childish forms of nouns.


-ėnas

-ė́nas (nominative singular)
-ė́nai (nominative plural)
-ė́no (genitive singular)
-ė́nų (genitive plural)
-ė́nui (dative singular)
-ė́nams (dative plural)
-ė́ną (accusative singular)
-ė́nus (accusative plural)
-ė́nu (instrumental singular)
-ė́nais (instrumental plural)
-ė́ne (locative singular)
-ė́nuose (locative plural)
-ė́ne (singular vocative)
-ė́nai (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ēnas.

inh+

Tilžė + -ėnas → tilžė́nas

Forms names of the inhabitants of the place names


-gı

From Ottoman Turkish ـگی (-gi), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـکو (-gü), from Proto-Turkic *-gü.

çalmak (“to play(an instrument)”) + -gı → çalgı (“instrument”)

almak (“to take”) + -gı → algı (“perception”)

saymak (“to respect, to count”) + -gı → saygı (“respect”)

Suffix creating a new word related to its root.


-ēnas

East Baltic:

Old Lithuanian: -ėnas

Lithuanian: -ėnas

Latvian: -ēns

⇒ Proto-Slavic: *-ěninъ


-ā-

ʻai (“to eat”) + -ā- + manō (“shark”) → ʻaiāmanō (“to eat like a shark”)


-áček

cs-noun

-áček m anim or m inan (noun-forming suffix)

-áček (nominative singular)
-áčky (nominative plural)
-áčku (genitive singular)
-áčků (genitive plural)
-áčku (dative singular)
-áčkům (dative plural)
-áček (accusative singular)
-áčky (accusative plural)
-áčku (singular vocative)
-áčky (plural vocative)
-áčku (locative singular)
-áčcích (locative plural)
-áčkách (locative plural)
-áčkem (instrumental singular)
-áčky (instrumental plural)
-áček (nominative singular)
-áčci (nominative plural)
-áčka (genitive singular)
-áčků (genitive plural)
-áčkovi (dative singular)
-áčku (dative singular)
-áčkům (dative plural)
-áčka (accusative singular)
-áčky (accusative plural)
-áčku (singular vocative)
-áčci (plural vocative)
-áčkovi (locative singular)
-áčku (locative singular)
-áčcích (locative plural)
-áčkem (instrumental singular)
-áčky (instrumental plural)

milý + -áček → miláček

jediný + -áček → jedináček


-tedlný

-tedlný (masculine nominative singular)
-tedlná (feminine nominative singular)
-tedlné (neuter nominative singular)
-tedlného (genitive masculine singular)
-tedlné (feminine genitive singular)
-tedlného (genitive neuter singular)
-tedlnému (dative masculine singular)
-tedlniej (dative feminine singular)
-tedlnéj (dative feminine singular)
-tedlnému (dative neuter singular)
-tedlného (accusative masculine singular)
-tedlný (accusative masculine singular)
-tedlnú (accusative feminine singular)
-tedlné (accusative neuter singular)
-tedlniem (locative masculine singular)
-tedlném (locative masculine singular)
-tedlniej (feminine locative singular)
-tedlnéj (feminine locative singular)
-tedlniem (locative neuter singular)
-tedlném (locative neuter singular)
-tedlným (instrumental masculine singular)
-tedlnú (feminine instrumental singular)
-tedlným (instrumental neuter singular)
-tedlná (dual masculine nominative)
-tedlniej (dual feminine neuter nominative)
-tedlnéj (dual feminine neuter nominative)
-tedlnú (dual genitive)
-tedlnýma (dative dual)
-tedlná (accusative dual masculine)
-tedlniej (accusative dual feminine neuter)
-tedlnéj (accusative dual feminine neuter)
-tedlnú (dual locative)
-tedlnýma (dual instrumental)
-tedlní (masculine nominative plural)
-tedlné (feminine nominative plural)
-tedlná (neuter nominative plural)
-tedlných (genitive plural)
-tedlným (dative plural)
-tedlné (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-tedlná (accusative neuter plural)
-tedlných (locative plural)
-tedlnými (instrumental plural)

Old Czech: -telný


-ěnín

zlw-ocs-noun

-ěnín m pers or m inan (noun-forming suffix, female equivalent -ěnínka)

-ěnínka (feminine)
-ěnín (nominative singular)
-ěníny (dual nominative)
-ěné (nominative plural)
-anové (nominative plural)
-ěnína (genitive singular)
-ěnínú (dual genitive)
-an (genitive plural)
-anóv (genitive plural)
-ěnínu (dative singular)
-ěnínovi (dative singular)
-ěnínoma (dative dual)
-anóm (dative plural)
-ěnína (accusative singular)
-ěníny (accusative dual)
-any (accusative plural)
-ěníne (singular vocative)
-ěníny (dual vocative)
-ěné (plural vocative)
-anové (plural vocative)
-ěnínu (locative singular)
-ěnínovi (locative singular)
-ěnínú (dual locative)
-ěniech (locative plural)
-ěnínem (instrumental singular)
-ěnínoma (dual instrumental)
-any (instrumental plural)
-ěnín (nominative singular)
-ěníny (dual nominative)
-ěné (nominative plural)
-anové (nominative plural)
-ěnína (genitive singular)
-ěnínú (dual genitive)
-an (genitive plural)
-anóv (genitive plural)
-ěnínu (dative singular)
-ěnínovi (dative singular)
-ěnínoma (dative dual)
-anóm (dative plural)
-ěnína (accusative singular)
-ěníny (accusative dual)
-any (accusative plural)
-ěníne (singular vocative)
-ěníny (dual vocative)
-ěné (plural vocative)
-anové (plural vocative)
-ěnínu (locative singular)
-ěnínovi (locative singular)
-ěnínú (dual locative)
-ěniech (locative plural)
-ás (locative plural)
-ěnínem (instrumental singular)
-ěnínoma (dual instrumental)
-any (instrumental plural)

Old Czech: -an

město + -ěnín → měščěnín

břěh + -ěnín → břěžěnín

hrad + -ěnín → hrazěnín


-ystek

wiesz + -ystek → wszystek


-она

-ona (romanization)
spelling ـانه (Persian)

Inherited from Classical Persian ـَانَه (-āna).

inh+

ошиқ (ošiq, “amorous”) + -она (-ona) = ошиқона (ošiqona, “amorously, romantic”)

шаб (šab, “night”) + -она (-ona) = шабона (šabona, “nocturnal”)

мард (mard, “night”) + -она (-ona) = мардона (mardona, “manly, masculine”)

A combining suffix that makes adjectives from nouns


-gnosy

From Ancient Greek -γνωσία (-gnōsía), from γνῶσις (gnôsis).

(obsolete) Scientific knowledge of a subject.


-силати

-сила́ти (canonical)
-syláty (romanization)
impf (romanization)
-сила́ти (imperfective infinitive)
-сила́ть (imperfective infinitive)
-си́ланий (imperfective passive past)
impersonal: -си́лано (imperfective passive past)
-сила́ючи (adverbial imperfective present)
-сила́вши (adverbial imperfective past)
-сила́ю (first-person imperfective present singular)
бу́ду -сила́ти (first-person future imperfective singular)
бу́ду -сила́ть (first-person future imperfective singular)
-сила́тиму (first-person future imperfective singular)
-сила́єш (imperfective present second-person singular)
бу́деш -сила́ти (future imperfective second-person singular)
бу́деш -сила́ть (future imperfective second-person singular)
-сила́тимеш (future imperfective second-person singular)
-сила́є (imperfective present singular third-person)
бу́де -сила́ти (future imperfective singular third-person)
бу́де -сила́ть (future imperfective singular third-person)
-сила́тиме (future imperfective singular third-person)
-сила́єм (first-person imperfective plural present)
-сила́ємо (first-person imperfective plural present)
бу́демо -сила́ти (first-person future imperfective plural)
бу́демо -сила́ть (first-person future imperfective plural)
-сила́тимемо (first-person future imperfective plural)
-сила́тимем (first-person future imperfective plural)
-сила́єте (imperfective plural present second-person)
бу́дете -сила́ти (future imperfective plural second-person)
бу́дете -сила́ть (future imperfective plural second-person)
-сила́тимете (future imperfective plural second-person)
-сила́ють (imperfective plural present third-person)
бу́дуть -сила́ти (future imperfective plural third-person)
бу́дуть -сила́ть (future imperfective plural third-person)
-сила́тимуть (future imperfective plural third-person)
-сила́ймо (first-person imperative plural)
-сила́й (imperative second-person singular)
-сила́йте (imperative plural second-person)
-сила́в (masculine past singular)
-сила́ли (masculine past plural)
-сила́ла (feminine past singular)
-сила́ли (feminine past plural)
-сила́ло (neuter past singular)
-сила́ли (neuter past plural)

слати слати#Ukrainian

Combining form used to form imperfective counterparts of prefixed derivatives of слати (slaty, “to send”).


-dzik

(verb-forming suffix) A variant of -zik.


-adzik

(verb-forming suffix) A variant of -azik.


-edzik

(verb-forming suffix) A variant of -ezik.


-ödzik

(verb-forming suffix) A variant of -özik.


-ум

-um (romanization)
spelling ـم (Persian)

Inherited from Classical Persian ـُم (-um).

панҷум

бисту якум


-гӣ

-gi (romanization)
spelling ـگی (Persian)

Inherited from Classical Persian ـگِی (-gī).

мардона (mardona, “manly, masculine”) + -гӣ (-gi) = мардонагӣ (mardonagi, “masculinity”)

бараҳна (barahna, “nude”) + -гӣ (-gi) = бараҳнагӣ (barahnagi, “nudity”)

alternative form of -ӣ (-i, noun forming suffix) used for words ending with the vowel а (a).

-ӣ

хона (xona, “home”) + -гӣ (-gi) = хонагӣ (xonagi, “domestic”)

(less common) alternative form of -ӣ (-i, adjective forming suffix) used for words ending with the vowel а (a).


ня-

Pre-stressed-syllable variant of не- (nje-, “not”).


-owac

Forms imperfect verbs from nouns and adjectives, as well as borrowed words.


-owi

appended to nouns to form adjectives; -y


-ázik

From -á- (linking vowel) + -zik (verb-forming suffix).

af

(verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form a verb.


-ܪܐ

aii-suffix

-ܵܪܵܐ • (-ārā) m sg (feminine -ܵܪܬܵܐ (-ārtā), plural -ܵܪܹ̈ܐ (-ārē))

-ܵܪܵܐ (canonical)
-ārā (romanization)
-ܵܪܬܵܐ (feminine)
-ܵܪܹ̈ܐ (plural)

Learned borrowing from Classical Syriac, from Latin -ārius. Originally from words such as ܐܸܠܦܵܪܵܐ and ܡܘܿܣܝܼܩܵܪܵܐ and not as a productive independent suffix.

ܐܲܦܵܬ݂ܝܼܩܹܐ (appāṯīqē, “apothecary’s shop, pharmacy”) + -ܪܐ (-ārā) → ܐܲܦܵܬ݂ܝܼܩܵܪܵܐ (appāṯīqārā, “apothecary, pharmacist”)

ܓܸܠܝܘܿܢܵܐ (gilyōnā, “newspaper”) + -ܪܐ (-ārā) → ܓܸܠܝܘܿܢܵܪܵܐ (gilyōnārā, “journalist”)

ܡܘܿܣܝܼܩܹܐ (mōsīqē, “music”) + -ܪܐ (-ārā) → ܡܘܿܣܝܼܩܵܪܵܐ (mōsīqārā, “musician”)

-er forming occupational nouns, typically of foreign origin such as from Latin or Greek


-yā

-yā (nominative singular)
-yai (dual nominative)
-yās (nominative plural)
-yā (singular vocative)
-yai (dual vocative)
-yās (plural vocative)
-yam (accusative singular)
-yai (accusative dual)
-yāms (accusative plural)
-yās (genitive singular)
-yous (dual genitive)
-yom (genitive plural)
-yāi (dative singular)
-yābom (dative dual)
-yābos (dative plural)
-yai (locative singular)
-yābim (dual instrumental)
-yābis (instrumental plural)

From a reanalysis of Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ being attached to the present stem of *-yeti verbs like *gʷedyeti (“to pray”) (whence Old Irish guide (“prayer”)) and *wegyeti (“to weave”) (whence *wegyā (“something woven”)).

weg- (“to weave”) + *-yā → *wegyā (“weaving”)

slad- (“to strike”) + *-yā → *sladyā (“strike”)


-iyā

-iyā (nominative singular)
-iyai (dual nominative)
-iyās (nominative plural)
-iyā (singular vocative)
-iyai (dual vocative)
-iyās (plural vocative)
-iyam (accusative singular)
-iyai (accusative dual)
-iyāms (accusative plural)
-iyās (genitive singular)
-iyous (dual genitive)
-iyom (genitive plural)
-iyāi (dative singular)
-iyābom (dative dual)
-iyābos (dative plural)
-iyai (locative singular)
-iyābim (dual instrumental)
-iyābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *-eð

Cornish: -edh

Middle Welsh: -eð

Welsh: -edd

Old Irish: -e
Irish: -e

From Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂, cognate to Latin -ia and Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā).

trougokaros (“merciful”) + *-iyā → *trougokariyā (“mercy”)


-авы

Compare Ukrainian -овий (-ovyj), -ови́й (-ovýj).


-авы

head

-авы́ • (-avý)


-авы

-а́вы • (-ávy)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-avъ. Compare Polish -awy, Russian -а́вый (-ávyj).

іржа́ (iržá, “rust”) + -авы (-avy) → іржа́вы (iržávy, “rusty”)


-hyal

From the Ancient Greek ὖ (û, “name of the letter 'Y'”), whence also hyoid, due to the shape of the bone.


-dyne

From Ancient Greek δύναμις (dúnamis, “force”), compare -dynamic. Originally prevalent in now often genericized trademarks.

(Engineering) Forms names of certain types of motors and electrical circuits.


-tā

-tā (nominative singular)
-tai (dual nominative)
-tās (nominative plural)
-tā (singular vocative)
-tai (dual vocative)
-tās (plural vocative)
-tam (accusative singular)
-tai (accusative dual)
-tāms (accusative plural)
-tās (genitive singular)
-tous (dual genitive)
-tom (genitive plural)
-tāi (dative singular)
-tābom (dative dual)
-tābos (dative plural)
-tai (locative singular)
-tābim (dual instrumental)
-tābis (instrumental plural)

teig- (“to go”) + *-tā → *tixtā (“going”)

Creates verbal nouns or abstracts from verbal roots.


паў-

Inherited from Old East Slavic полъ (polŭ), from Proto-Slavic *polъ (“half”). Compare Polish pół-, Russian пол- (pol-), Ukrainian пів- (piv-).


-aɗá

ɗaxá + -aɗá → ɗaxaɗá (“to be worn”)


-núti

bledý + -núti → blednúti

chudý + -núti → chudnúti

-en: forms verbs indicating getting a property or getting more of it


-núť

bledý + -núť → blednúť

chudý + -núť → chudnúť


-nyć

blědy + -nyć → blědnyć

chudy + -nyć → chudnyć

bohaty + -nyć → bohatnyć


-språkig

norska (“Norwegian”) + -språkig → norskspråkig (“in Norwegian, Norwegian-language”)

svenska (“Swedish”) + -språkig → svenskspråkig (“in Swedish, Swedish-language, Swedophone”)

engelska (“English”) + -språkig → engelskspråkig (“in English, English-language, Anglophone”)

franska (“French”) + -språkig → franskspråkig (“French-speaking, Francophone”)

finska (“Finnish”) + -språkig → finskspråkiga (“Finnish speakers, Finnophones”)

(nominalized) a speaker of the specified language

en (“one”) + -språkig → enspråkig (“monolingual”)

två (“two”) + -språkig → tvåspråkig (“bilingual”)

flera (“several, multiple”) + -språkig → flerspråkig (“multilingual”)

speaking or in or involving the specified number of languages, -lingual


-цель

-cjelʹ (romanization)
-целька (feminine)

Inherited from Old Ruthenian -тель (-telʹ), from Old East Slavic -тель (-telĭ), from Proto-Slavic *-teľь. Compare Polish -ciel, Russian and Ukrainian -тель (-telʹ).

вы́зваліць (výzvalicʹ, “to liberate, to free, to release”) + -цель (-cjelʹ) → вызвалі́цель (vyzvalícjelʹ, “liberator”)

выхо́ўваць (vyxóŭvacʹ, “to raise, to bring up, to nurture”) + -цель (-cjelʹ) → выхава́цель (vyxavácjelʹ, “educator”)

мы́сліць (mýslicʹ, “to think”) + -цель (-cjelʹ) → мыслі́цель (myslícjelʹ, “thinker”)

appended to verbs and nouns to form masculine agent nouns; -er, -or


-nomial

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame--nomial.wav

Derived from Ancient Greek νομός (nomós, “portion, part”), compare binomial.

der+

(algebra, mathematics) Denotes an expression with a specified number of terms.


-únas

From Old Irish -emnas, from -emn- + -as.


-therium

→ English: -there

From Ancient Greek θηρίον (thēríon). Compare the subclass Theria.

(taxonomy) Used to form names of mammalian genera.


بیـ

head

بیـ or بیـ • (bê-, bi- or transliteration needed)

بیـ (canonical)
bê- (romanization)
bi- (romanization)
transliteration needed (romanization)

→ Azerbaijani: bi-

→ Bengali: বে- (be-)

→ Chagatai: بی

Uyghur: بىـ (bi-)

Uzbek: be-

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: बे- (be-)

Urdu: بے (be-)

→ Marathi: बे- (be-)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਬੇ- (be-)

Shahmukhi script: بے (be)

→ Ottoman Turkish: بی (bi-)

Turkish: bi-

→ Ushojo: بے (be-)

From بی (“without”), earlier ابی (abê), from Middle Persian [script needed] (apě), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”). Compare Old Armenian ապա- (apa-), an Iranian borrowing.

inh

بیـ + گناه (gonâh, “sin”) → بیگناه (bê-gonâh, “innocent”, literally “sinless”)

-less (sometimes also translated as un-, in-; see example below)


ضدـ

From ضد (zedd-e, “against”). See there for more details.

ضدـ + آب (âb) → ضدآب (zedd-e-âb, “waterproof”)

ضدـ + انقلاب (enqelâb) → ضدانقلاب (zedd-e-enqelâb, “counter-revolutionary, counterrevolutionary”)

ضدـ + تانک (tânk) → ضدتانک (zedd-e-tânk, “anti-tank, antitank”)

ضدـ + تروریسم (terorism) → ضدتروریسم (zedd-e-terorism, “anti-terrorism, antiterrorism”)

ضدـ + یخ (yax) → ضدیخ (zedd-e-yax, “anti-freeze, antifreeze”)


ـآباد

head

ـآباد • (-âbâd)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: -आबाद (-ābād)

Urdu: آباد (ābād)

→ English: -abad (sometimes via Urdu)

[.ʔɑː.ˈβɑːð]

[.ʔɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[.ʔɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[.ʔɑː.bɑ́ːd̪]

[.ʔɔː.bɔ́ːd̪̥]

[.ʔɒː.bɒ́ːd̪̥]

From آباد (âbâd, “populous, inhabited; city”). See there for more details.

forms names of towns and populated or inhabited areas


ـسنج

From the present stem of سنجیدن (sanjidan, “to measure”).

رنگ (rang, “color”) + ـسنج → رنگسنج (rang-sanj, “colorimeter”)

فشار (fešâr, “pressure”) + ـسنج → فشارسنج (fešâr-sanj, “barometer”)

سقف (saqf, “ceiling”) + ـسنج → سقفسنج (saqf-sanj, “ceilometer”)

دما (damâ, “temperature”) + ـسنج → دماسنج (damâ-sanj, “thermometer”)


ـوار

ـوار • (-vâr)

→ Khalaj: -vâra

used to create adjectives denoting a specific quality or characteristic


ـوند

From Proto-Iranian *-wánts, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-wánts, from Proto-Indo-European *-wénts. Cognate with Sanskrit -वत् (-vat).

پیش (piš, “before”) + وند (vand) = پیشوند (pišvand, “prefix”)

a suffix used to form adjectives and nouns with the meaning of "pertaining to" or "depending on"


ـکوک

Borrowed from French -coque, from New Latin coccus, from Ancient Greek κόκκος (kókkos, “grain, seed”). Compare Turkish -kok.


ـگان

head

ـگان • (-gân)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (-kʾn' /-(a)gān/). Compare Old Armenian -ական (-akan), an Iranian borrowing.

inh

راه (râh, “way”) → رایگان (râygân, “free”, literally “something that can be found on the way”)

شاه (šâh, “king”) → شایگان (šâygân, “royal, kingly, treasure, valuable thing”)

ده (deh, “village”) → دهقان (dehqân, “villager, farmer”, literally “pertaining to the village”)

بازار (bâzâr, “market”) → بازرگان (bâzargân, “merchant, trader”)

مهر (mehr, “month of Mehr”) → مهرگان (mehrgân, “Mehregan”, a Persian celebration that takes place in the month of Mehr)

جنوب (jonub, “south”) → جنوبگان (jonubgân, “Antarctica”)

a suffix used to form adjectives and nouns with the meaning of "pertaining to" or "relating to" but many have developed to more specific meanings


ـگرد

-gerd (romanization)
-gard (romanization)

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭪𐭫𐭲 (-klt /-kirt, -gird/), from Old Persian [script needed] (-kṛta, “made, done”), from Proto-Iranian *-kr̥táh, from the adjective *kr̥táh (“made, done”) (compare Avestan 𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (kər^əta), Old Persian 𐎣𐎼𐎫 (k-r-t /karta/), Inscriptional Parthian -𐭊𐭓𐭕 (-krt /-kirt, -gird/)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (compare Sanskrit कृत (kṛtá)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷr̥tós, from the root *kʷer- (“to do, make”).


ـگین

غم (ğam, “grief”) + ـگین (-gin) → غمگین (ğamgin, “sad, saddened”)

شرم (šarm, “embarrassment”) + ـگین (-gin) → شرمگین (šarmgin, “embarrassed”)

-ful (especially for nouns of emotion, deriving an adjective referring to being full of that emotion)


-ᚨᛉ

Old Norse: (rarely) -r

ᚱᛁᛞᚨᚾ (*ridan, “to ride”) + -ᚨᛉ (-aʀ) → *ᚱᛁᛞᚨᛉ (*ridaʀ, “rider”)


východo-

východo- + český (“Bohemian”) → východočeský (“East Bohemian”)

východo- + moravský (“Moravian”) → východomoravský (“East Moravian”)

východo- + slovanský (“Slavic”) → východoslovanský (“East Slavic”)

východo- + evropský (“European”) → východoevropský (“Eastern European”)

východo- + asijský (“Asian”) → východoasijský (“East Asian”)


-vert

Used to refer to a person with a particular personality around other people.


ιστο-

Prefixed formation from Ancient Greek ἱστός (histós, “web, tissue”); compare French and German histo-


-сьці

Clearly an extended form of -сь (-sʹ), although the origin of -ці (-ci), which has not been found appended elsewhere standalone, is uncertain. Possibly formed by phonological analogy of -асці (-asci) or -осці (-ósci), genitive form of -асць (-ascʹ) or -осць (-oscʹ), although this is speculation.

interrogative pronoun
interrogative pronoun#English

indefinite pronoun
indefinite pronoun#English

appended to relative/interrogative pronouns to form indefinite pronouns; some-


-небудзь

head

-не́будзь • (-njébudzʹ)

-не́будзь (canonical)
-njébudzʹ (romanization)

не- (nje-) + будзь (budzʹ), imperative form of быць (bycʹ, “to be”), literally, “don't be”, although perhaps semantically closer to "be or not". Compare Polish bądź, Russian -нибу́дь (-nibúdʹ), Ukrainian -не́будь (-nébudʹ).


-czak

-czak m pers or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
-czak (nominative singular)
-czacy (nominative plural)
-czaki (derogatory nominative plural)
-czaka (genitive singular)
-czaków (genitive plural)
-czakowi (dative singular)
-czakom (dative plural)
-czaka (accusative singular)
-czaków (accusative plural)
-czakiem (instrumental singular)
-czakami (instrumental plural)
-czaku (locative singular)
-czakach (locative plural)
-czaku (singular vocative)
-czacy (plural vocative)
-czak (nominative singular)
-czaki (nominative plural)
-czaka (genitive singular)
-czaków (genitive plural)
-czakowi (dative singular)
-czakom (dative plural)
-czaka (accusative singular)
-czaki (accusative plural)
-czakiem (instrumental singular)
-czakami (instrumental plural)
-czaku (locative singular)
-czakach (locative plural)
-czaku (singular vocative)
-czaki (plural vocative)

truposz + -czak → truposzczak


-ynka

-ynka (nominative singular)
-ynki (nominative plural)
-ynki (genitive singular)
-ynek (genitive plural)
-ynce (dative singular)
-ynkom (dative plural)
-ynkę (accusative singular)
-ynki (accusative plural)
-ynką (instrumental singular)
-ynkami (instrumental plural)
-ynce (locative singular)
-ynkach (locative plural)
-ynko (singular vocative)
-ynki (plural vocative)


amo-

calli (“house”) → amocal (“your (pl.) house”)

(personal prefix, possessive) Used to form the second-person plural possessive of nouns: your (pl)


ἐρι-

(chiefly Epic and Lyric) intensifying prefix: very, greatly


-sab

Nheengatu: -sawa

From Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ, from Proto-Tupian *-ap.

etymon

nhemoŷrõ (“to become angry”) + -sab + -a → nhemoŷrõndaba (“wrath”)

(Late Tupi) forms abstract nouns from verbs and adjectives


-ṓy

(∅)-ṓy (nominative singular)
(∅)-óyes (nominative plural)
(∅)-óy (singular vocative)
(∅)-óyes (plural vocative)
(∅)-ṓm (accusative singular)
(∅)-óym̥s (accusative plural)
(∅)-yés (genitive singular)
(∅)-yóHom (genitive plural)
(∅)-yés (ablative singular)
(∅)-imós (ablative plural)
(∅)-ibʰós (ablative plural)
(∅)-yéy (dative singular)
(∅)-imós (dative plural)
(∅)-ibʰós (dative plural)
(∅)-óy (locative singular)
(∅)-ṓy (locative singular)
(∅)-isú (locative plural)
(∅)-imís (instrumental plural)
(∅)-ibʰís (instrumental plural)

Anatolian:

Hittite: [script needed] (-āiš)

Proto-Hellenic: *-ṓi

Ancient Greek: -ώ (-ṓ)

sekʷ- (“to follow”) + *-éh₂ (action noun suffix) + *-ṓy → *sokʷh₂ṓy (“retinue follower”)


phobo-

From Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos, “fear”).


-ramo

as; like (in the same way or manner that)


acetabulo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from acetabulum (which see for more).

(anatomy, medicine) acetabulum; acetabular.

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


-iś

-iś m pers or (animal-not-person canonical masculine)
-iś (nominative singular)
-isie (nominative plural)
-isia (genitive singular)
-isi (genitive plural)
-isiowi (dative singular)
-isiom (dative plural)
-isia (accusative singular)
-isi (accusative plural)
-isiem (instrumental singular)
-isiami (instrumental plural)
-isiu (locative singular)
-isiach (locative plural)
-isiu (singular vocative)
-isie (plural vocative)
-iś (nominative singular)
-isie (nominative plural)
-isia (genitive singular)
-isi (genitive plural)
-isiowi (dative singular)
-isiom (dative plural)
-isia (accusative singular)
-isie (accusative plural)
-isiem (instrumental singular)
-isiami (instrumental plural)
-isiu (locative singular)
-isiach (locative plural)
-isiu (singular vocative)
-isie (plural vocative)

żartowny + -iś → żartowniś


-owie

-owie (nominative singular)
-owia (nominative plural)
-owia (genitive singular)
-owi (genitive plural)
-owiu (dative singular)
-owiom (dative plural)
-owie (accusative singular)
-owia (accusative plural)
-owiem (instrumental singular)
-owiami (instrumental plural)
-owiu (locative singular)
-owiach (locative plural)
-owie (singular vocative)
-owia (plural vocative)

pustka + -owie → pustkowie


-ałka

-ałka (nominative singular)
-ałki (nominative plural)
-ałki (genitive singular)
-ałek (genitive plural)
-ałce (dative singular)
-ałkom (dative plural)
-ałkę (accusative singular)
-ałki (accusative plural)
-ałką (instrumental singular)
-ałkami (instrumental plural)
-ałce (locative singular)
-ałkach (locative plural)
-ałko (singular vocative)
-ałki (plural vocative)

gorzeć + -ałka → gorzałka


-owina

-owina (nominative singular)
-owiny (nominative plural)
-owiny (genitive singular)
-owin (genitive plural)
-owinie (dative singular)
-owinom (dative plural)
-owinę (accusative singular)
-owiny (accusative plural)
-owiną (instrumental singular)
-owinami (instrumental plural)
-owinie (locative singular)
-owinach (locative plural)
-owino (singular vocative)
-owiny (plural vocative)

wieprz + -owina → wieprzowina


-uszka

-uszka (nominative singular)
-uszki (nominative plural)
-uszki (genitive singular)
-uszek (genitive plural)
-uszce (dative singular)
-uszkom (dative plural)
-uszkę (accusative singular)
-uszki (accusative plural)
-uszką (instrumental singular)
-uszkami (instrumental plural)
-uszce (locative singular)
-uszkach (locative plural)
-uszko (singular vocative)
-uszki (plural vocative)

dziewka + -uszka → dziewuszka

Forms feminine nouns diminutive in nature.


-eniec

-eniec (canonical masculine person)
m animal or (canonical inanimate masculine)
-eniec (nominative singular)
-eńce (nominative plural)
-eńca (genitive singular)
-eńców (genitive plural)
-eńcowi (dative singular)
-eńcom (dative plural)
-eniec (accusative singular)
-eńce (accusative plural)
-eńcem (instrumental singular)
-eńcami (instrumental plural)
-eńcu (locative singular)
-eńcach (locative plural)
-eńcu (singular vocative)
-eńce (plural vocative)
-eniec (nominative singular)
-eńce (nominative plural)
-eńca (genitive singular)
-eńców (genitive plural)
-eńcowi (dative singular)
-eńcom (dative plural)
-eńca (accusative singular)
-eńce (accusative plural)
-eńcem (instrumental singular)
-eńcami (instrumental plural)
-eńcu (locative singular)
-eńcach (locative plural)
-eńcu (singular vocative)
-eńce (plural vocative)
-eniec (nominative singular)
-eńcy (nominative plural)
-eńce (derogatory nominative plural)
-eńca (genitive singular)
-eńców (genitive plural)
-eńcowi (dative singular)
-eńcom (dative plural)
-eńca (accusative singular)
-eńców (accusative plural)
-eńcem (instrumental singular)
-eńcami (instrumental plural)
-eńcu (locative singular)
-eńcach (locative plural)
-eńcze (singular vocative)
-eńcy (plural vocative)

modry + -eniec → modrzeniec


-lugia

From Latin -logia, from Ancient Greek -λογία (-logía).


-wos

Latin: -vus, -uus

araō (“to plough”) + *-wos → *arawos (“ploughable”)


-elā

-elā (nominative singular)
-elās (nominative plural)
-ela (singular vocative)
-elās (plural vocative)
-elam (accusative singular)
-elans (accusative plural)
-elās (genitive singular)
-elāzom (genitive plural)
-elāi (dative singular)
-elais (dative plural)
-elād (ablative singular)
-elais (ablative plural)
-elāi (locative singular)
-elais (locative plural)

desc

Latin: -ula, -ella (diminutive suffixes)

arkā (“chest”) + *-elā → *arkelā (“small chest”)


-rana

Borrowed from Old Tupi rana (“similar”).

(Brazil, sometimes derogatory) that resembles, similar


-nkainen

head

-nkainen (front vowel harmony variant -nkäinen, linguistic notation -nkAinen)

-nkäinen (front-vowel)
-nkainen (nominative singular)
-nkaiset (nominative plural)
-nkainen (accusative nominative singular)
-nkaiset (accusative nominative plural)
-nkaisen (accusative genitive singular)
-nkaiset (accusative genitive plural)
-nkaisen (genitive singular)
-nkaisten (genitive plural)
-nkaisien (genitive plural)
-nkaista (partitive singular)
-nkaisia (partitive plural)
-nkaisessa (inessive singular)
-nkaisissa (inessive plural)
-nkaisesta (elative singular)
-nkaisista (elative plural)
-nkaiseen (illative singular)
-nkaisiin (illative plural)
-nkaisella (adessive singular)
-nkaisilla (adessive plural)
-nkaiselta (ablative singular)
-nkaisilta (ablative plural)
-nkaiselle (allative singular)
-nkaisille (allative plural)
-nkaisena (essive singular)
-nkaisina (essive plural)
-nkaiseksi (singular translative)
-nkaisiksi (plural translative)
-nkaisetta (abessive singular)
-nkaisitta (abessive plural)
-nkaisin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-nkaiseni (nominative singular)
-nkaiseni (nominative plural)
-nkaiseni (accusative nominative singular)
-nkaiseni (accusative nominative plural)
-nkaiseni (accusative genitive singular)
-nkaiseni (accusative genitive plural)
-nkaiseni (genitive singular)
-nkaisteni (genitive plural)
-nkaisieni (genitive plural)
-nkaistani (partitive singular)
-nkaisiani (partitive plural)
-nkaisessani (inessive singular)
-nkaisissani (inessive plural)
-nkaisestani (elative singular)
-nkaisistani (elative plural)
-nkaiseeni (illative singular)
-nkaisiini (illative plural)
-nkaisellani (adessive singular)
-nkaisillani (adessive plural)
-nkaiseltani (ablative singular)
-nkaisiltani (ablative plural)
-nkaiselleni (allative singular)
-nkaisilleni (allative plural)
-nkaisenani (essive singular)
-nkaisinani (essive plural)
-nkaisekseni (singular translative)
-nkaisikseni (plural translative)
-nkaisettani (abessive singular)
-nkaisittani (abessive plural)
-nkaisineni (comitative plural)
-nkaisesi (nominative singular)
-nkaisesi (nominative plural)
-nkaisesi (accusative nominative singular)
-nkaisesi (accusative nominative plural)
-nkaisesi (accusative genitive singular)
-nkaisesi (accusative genitive plural)
-nkaisesi (genitive singular)
-nkaistesi (genitive plural)
-nkaisiesi (genitive plural)
-nkaistasi (partitive singular)
-nkaisiasi (partitive plural)
-nkaisessasi (inessive singular)
-nkaisissasi (inessive plural)
-nkaisestasi (elative singular)
-nkaisistasi (elative plural)
-nkaiseesi (illative singular)
-nkaisiisi (illative plural)
-nkaisellasi (adessive singular)
-nkaisillasi (adessive plural)
-nkaiseltasi (ablative singular)
-nkaisiltasi (ablative plural)
-nkaisellesi (allative singular)
-nkaisillesi (allative plural)
-nkaisenasi (essive singular)
-nkaisinasi (essive plural)
-nkaiseksesi (singular translative)
-nkaisiksesi (plural translative)
-nkaisettasi (abessive singular)
-nkaisittasi (abessive plural)
-nkaisinesi (comitative plural)
-nkaisemme (nominative singular)
-nkaisemme (nominative plural)
-nkaisemme (accusative nominative singular)
-nkaisemme (accusative nominative plural)
-nkaisemme (accusative genitive singular)
-nkaisemme (accusative genitive plural)
-nkaisemme (genitive singular)
-nkaistemme (genitive plural)
-nkaisiemme (genitive plural)
-nkaistamme (partitive singular)
-nkaisiamme (partitive plural)
-nkaisessamme (inessive singular)
-nkaisissamme (inessive plural)
-nkaisestamme (elative singular)
-nkaisistamme (elative plural)
-nkaiseemme (illative singular)
-nkaisiimme (illative plural)
-nkaisellamme (adessive singular)
-nkaisillamme (adessive plural)
-nkaiseltamme (ablative singular)
-nkaisiltamme (ablative plural)
-nkaisellemme (allative singular)
-nkaisillemme (allative plural)
-nkaisenamme (essive singular)
-nkaisinamme (essive plural)
-nkaiseksemme (singular translative)
-nkaisiksemme (plural translative)
-nkaisettamme (abessive singular)
-nkaisittamme (abessive plural)
-nkaisinemme (comitative plural)
-nkaisenne (nominative singular)
-nkaisenne (nominative plural)
-nkaisenne (accusative nominative singular)
-nkaisenne (accusative nominative plural)
-nkaisenne (accusative genitive singular)
-nkaisenne (accusative genitive plural)
-nkaisenne (genitive singular)
-nkaistenne (genitive plural)
-nkaisienne (genitive plural)
-nkaistanne (partitive singular)
-nkaisianne (partitive plural)
-nkaisessanne (inessive singular)
-nkaisissanne (inessive plural)
-nkaisestanne (elative singular)
-nkaisistanne (elative plural)
-nkaiseenne (illative singular)
-nkaisiinne (illative plural)
-nkaisellanne (adessive singular)
-nkaisillanne (adessive plural)
-nkaiseltanne (ablative singular)
-nkaisiltanne (ablative plural)
-nkaisellenne (allative singular)
-nkaisillenne (allative plural)
-nkaisenanne (essive singular)
-nkaisinanne (essive plural)
-nkaiseksenne (singular translative)
-nkaisiksenne (plural translative)
-nkaisettanne (abessive singular)
-nkaisittanne (abessive plural)
-nkaisinenne (comitative plural)
-nkaisensa (nominative singular)
-nkaisensa (nominative plural)
-nkaisensa (accusative nominative singular)
-nkaisensa (accusative nominative plural)
-nkaisensa (accusative genitive singular)
-nkaisensa (accusative genitive plural)
-nkaisensa (genitive singular)
-nkaistensa (genitive plural)
-nkaisiensa (genitive plural)
-nkaistaan (partitive singular)
-nkaistansa (partitive singular)
-nkaisiaan (partitive plural)
-nkaisiansa (partitive plural)
-nkaisessaan (inessive singular)
-nkaisessansa (inessive singular)
-nkaisissaan (inessive plural)
-nkaisissansa (inessive plural)
-nkaisestaan (elative singular)
-nkaisestansa (elative singular)
-nkaisistaan (elative plural)
-nkaisistansa (elative plural)
-nkaiseensa (illative singular)
-nkaisiinsa (illative plural)
-nkaisellaan (adessive singular)
-nkaisellansa (adessive singular)
-nkaisillaan (adessive plural)
-nkaisillansa (adessive plural)
-nkaiseltaan (ablative singular)
-nkaiseltansa (ablative singular)
-nkaisiltaan (ablative plural)
-nkaisiltansa (ablative plural)
-nkaiselleen (allative singular)
-nkaisellensa (allative singular)
-nkaisilleen (allative plural)
-nkaisillensa (allative plural)
-nkaisenaan (essive singular)
-nkaisenansa (essive singular)
-nkaisinaan (essive plural)
-nkaisinansa (essive plural)
-nkaisekseen (singular translative)
-nkaiseksensa (singular translative)
-nkaisikseen (plural translative)
-nkaisiksensa (plural translative)
-nkaisettaan (abessive singular)
-nkaisettansa (abessive singular)
-nkaisittaan (abessive plural)
-nkaisittansa (abessive plural)
-nkaisineen (comitative plural)
-nkaisinensa (comitative plural)

Forms nouns, often with a diminutive meaning.


-хава

-xawa (romanization)
-хава (nominative singular)
-хавахӑʼ (dual nominative)
-хаваˮ (nominative plural)
-хаваʼ (genitive singular)
-хавахӑʼ (dual genitive)
-хавиˮ (genitive plural)
-хавам (-xawam°) (accusative singular)
-хавахӑʼ (accusative dual)
-хави (accusative plural)
-хаван (-xawan°) (allative singular)
-хавахӑняʼ (allative dual)
-хавахӑˮ (allative plural)
-хавахӑна (locative singular)
-хавахӑняна (dual locative)
-хавахӑˮна (locative plural)
-хавахӑд (-xawaxăd°) (ablative singular)
-хавахӑняд (-xawaxănyad°) (ablative dual)
-хавахӑт (-xawaxăt°) (ablative plural)
-хававна (prolative singular)
-хавахӑнямна (dual prolative)
-хавиˮмӑна (plural prolative)

Used to denote an emphatic contrast: though

If the preceding sound is -э-

The shape of the suffix changes depending on the sound preceding it


las-

Contracted from leath is (“the side that is”)

prefixed to adverbs of stationary location to indicate location on the side indicated


-skari

-skari (front vowel harmony variant -skäri, linguistic notation -skAri)

Slang suffix, generally for nouns (with clipping).


-ajaa

-ajaa (front vowel harmony variant -äjää, stem -aja-, linguistic notation -AjA- or -AjAA)

-äjää (front-vowel)
-aja- (stem)
-ajan (first-person indicative positive present singular)
en -aja (first-person indicative negative present singular)
olen -annut (first-person indicative perfect positive singular)
en ole -annut (first-person indicative negative perfect singular)
-ajat (indicative positive present second-person singular)
et -aja (indicative negative present second-person singular)
olet -annut (indicative perfect positive second-person singular)
et ole -annut (indicative negative perfect second-person singular)
-ajaa (indicative positive present singular third-person)
ei -aja (indicative negative present singular third-person)
on -annut (indicative perfect positive singular third-person)
ei ole -annut (indicative negative perfect singular third-person)
-ajamme (first-person indicative plural positive present)
emme -aja (first-person indicative negative plural present)
olemme -anneet (first-person indicative perfect plural positive)
emme ole -anneet (first-person indicative negative perfect plural)
-ajatte (indicative plural positive present second-person)
ette -aja (indicative negative plural present second-person)
olette -anneet (indicative perfect plural positive second-person)
ette ole -anneet (indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
-ajavat (indicative plural positive present third-person)
eivät -aja (indicative negative plural present third-person)
ovat -anneet (indicative perfect plural positive third-person)
eivät ole -anneet (indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
-ataan (indicative passive positive present)
ei -ata (indicative negative passive present)
on -attu (indicative passive perfect positive)
ei ole -attu (indicative negative passive perfect)
-ajin (first-person indicative past positive singular)
-asin (first-person indicative past positive singular)
en -annut (first-person indicative negative past singular)
olin -annut (first-person indicative pluperfect positive singular)
en ollut -annut (first-person indicative negative pluperfect singular)
-ajit (indicative past positive second-person singular)
-asit (indicative past positive second-person singular)
et -annut (indicative negative past second-person singular)
olit -annut (indicative pluperfect positive second-person singular)
et ollut -annut (indicative negative pluperfect second-person singular)
-aji (indicative past positive singular third-person)
-asi (indicative past positive singular third-person)
ei -annut (indicative negative past singular third-person)
oli -annut (indicative pluperfect positive singular third-person)
ei ollut -annut (indicative negative pluperfect singular third-person)
-ajimme (first-person indicative past plural positive)
-asimme (first-person indicative past plural positive)
emme -anneet (first-person indicative negative past plural)
olimme -anneet (first-person indicative pluperfect plural positive)
emme olleet -anneet (first-person indicative negative pluperfect plural)
-ajitte (indicative past plural positive second-person)
-asitte (indicative past plural positive second-person)
ette -anneet (indicative negative past plural second-person)
olitte -anneet (indicative pluperfect plural positive second-person)
ette olleet -anneet (indicative negative pluperfect plural second-person)
-ajivat (indicative past plural positive third-person)
-asivat (indicative past plural positive third-person)
eivät -anneet (indicative negative past plural third-person)
olivat -anneet (indicative pluperfect plural positive third-person)
eivät olleet -anneet (indicative negative pluperfect plural third-person)
-attiin (indicative passive past positive)
ei -attu (indicative negative passive past)
oli -attu (indicative passive pluperfect positive)
ei ollut -attu (indicative negative passive pluperfect)
-ajaisin (conditional first-person positive present singular)
en -ajaisi (conditional first-person negative present singular)
olisin -annut (conditional first-person perfect positive singular)
en olisi -annut (conditional first-person negative perfect singular)
-ajaisit (conditional positive present second-person singular)
et -ajaisi (conditional negative present second-person singular)
olisit -annut (conditional perfect positive second-person singular)
et olisi -annut (conditional negative perfect second-person singular)
-ajaisi (conditional positive present singular third-person)
ei -ajaisi (conditional negative present singular third-person)
olisi -annut (conditional perfect positive singular third-person)
ei olisi -annut (conditional negative perfect singular third-person)
-ajaisimme (conditional first-person plural positive present)
emme -ajaisi (conditional first-person negative plural present)
olisimme -anneet (conditional first-person perfect plural positive)
emme olisi -anneet (conditional first-person negative perfect plural)
-ajaisitte (conditional plural positive present second-person)
ette -ajaisi (conditional negative plural present second-person)
olisitte -anneet (conditional perfect plural positive second-person)
ette olisi -anneet (conditional negative perfect plural second-person)
-ajaisivat (conditional plural positive present third-person)
eivät -ajaisi (conditional negative plural present third-person)
olisivat -anneet (conditional perfect plural positive third-person)
eivät olisi -anneet (conditional negative perfect plural third-person)
-ajattaisiin (conditional passive positive present)
ei -attaisi (conditional negative passive present)
olisi -attu (conditional passive perfect positive)
ei olisi -attu (conditional negative passive perfect)
-aja (imperative positive present second-person singular)
älä -aja (imperative negative present second-person singular)
-atkoon (imperative positive present singular third-person)
älköön -atko (imperative negative present singular third-person)
olkoon -annut (imperative perfect positive singular third-person)
älköön olko -annut (imperative negative perfect singular third-person)
-atkaamme (first-person imperative plural positive present)
älkäämme -atko (first-person imperative negative plural present)
-atkaa (imperative plural positive present second-person)
älkää -atko (imperative negative plural present second-person)
-atkoot (imperative plural positive present third-person)
älkööt -atko (imperative negative plural present third-person)
olkoot -anneet (imperative perfect plural positive third-person)
älkööt olko -anneet (imperative negative perfect plural third-person)
-attakoon (imperative passive positive present)
älköön -attako (imperative negative passive present)
olkoon -attu (imperative passive perfect positive)
älköön olko -attu (imperative negative passive perfect)
-annen (first-person positive potential present singular)
en -anne (first-person negative potential present singular)
lienen -annut (first-person perfect positive potential singular)
en liene -annut (first-person negative perfect potential singular)
-annet (positive potential present second-person singular)
et -anne (negative potential present second-person singular)
lienet -annut (perfect positive potential second-person singular)
et liene -annut (negative perfect potential second-person singular)
-annee (positive potential present singular third-person)
ei -anne (negative potential present singular third-person)
lienee -annut (perfect positive potential singular third-person)
ei liene -annut (negative perfect potential singular third-person)
-annemme (first-person plural positive potential present)
emme -anne (first-person negative plural potential present)
lienemme -anneet (first-person perfect plural positive potential)
emme liene -anneet (first-person negative perfect plural potential)
-annette (plural positive potential present second-person)
ette -anne (negative plural potential present second-person)
lienette -anneet (perfect plural positive potential second-person)
ette liene -anneet (negative perfect plural potential second-person)
-annevat (plural positive potential present third-person)
eivät -anne (negative plural potential present third-person)
lienevät -anneet (perfect plural positive potential third-person)
eivät liene -anneet (negative perfect plural potential third-person)
-attaneen (passive positive potential present)
ei -attane (negative passive potential present)
lienee -attu (passive perfect positive potential)
ei liene -attu (negative passive perfect potential)
-ajaa (infinitive infinitive-i)
-ata (infinitive infinitive-i)
-ajava (active participle present)
-attava (participle passive present)
-atakseen (infinitive infinitive-i-long)
-annut (active participle past)
-attu (participle passive past)
-atessa (active inessive infinitive infinitive-ii)
-attaessa (inessive infinitive infinitive-ii passive)
-ajama (agent participle)
-aten (active infinitive infinitive-ii instructive)
-ajamaton (negative participle)
-ajamassa (active inessive infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ajamasta (active elative infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ajamaan (active illative infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ajamalla (active adessive infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ajamatta (abessive active infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ajaman (active infinitive infinitive-iii instructive)
-ajattaman (infinitive infinitive-iii instructive passive)
-ajaminen (infinitive infinitive-iv noun-from-verb)
-ajamaisillaan (infinitive infinitive-v)

fi-conj

These verbs are all archaic or dialectal. The paradigm presented here might not match all varieties, and some forms may effectively be theoretical.

-ajaa

fi-conj-table

-ajaa

[-ɑ̝jɑ̝ː(ʔ)]

From Proto-Finnic *-ait'ak. Dialectally the infinitive stem may also be -a(i)ta.

Forms frequentative verbs, often from onomatopoeic stems.


-इन

Inherited from Sanskrit -इनी (-inī), feminine of -इन् (-in, possessive suffix).

माली (mālī, “gardener”) + -इन (-in) → मालिन (mālin)

नाग (nāg, “snake”) + -इन (-in) → नागिन (nāgin)


-पणा

head

-पणा • (-paṇā)

Forms masculine abstract nouns from adjectives and other nouns. -ity, -ness, -hood, -ship, etc.


-isz

-isz (canonical inanimate masculine)
m animal or (canonical masculine person)
-isz (nominative singular)
-isze (nominative plural)
-iszu (genitive singular)
-iszy (genitive plural)
-iszowi (dative singular)
-iszom (dative plural)
-isz (accusative singular)
-isze (accusative plural)
-iszem (instrumental singular)
-iszami (instrumental plural)
-iszu (locative singular)
-iszach (locative plural)
-iszu (singular vocative)
-isze (plural vocative)
-isz (nominative singular)
-isze (nominative plural)
-isza (genitive singular)
-iszy (genitive plural)
-iszowi (dative singular)
-iszom (dative plural)
-isza (accusative singular)
-isze (accusative plural)
-iszem (instrumental singular)
-iszami (instrumental plural)
-iszu (locative singular)
-iszach (locative plural)
-iszu (singular vocative)
-isze (plural vocative)
-isz (nominative singular)
-isze (nominative plural)
-isza (genitive singular)
-iszy (genitive plural)
-iszowi (dative singular)
-iszom (dative plural)
-isza (accusative singular)
-iszy (accusative plural)
-iszem (instrumental singular)
-iszami (instrumental plural)
-iszu (locative singular)
-iszach (locative plural)
-iszu (singular vocative)
-isze (plural vocative)

złoty + -isz → złocisz


-trīks

-tōr (masculine)
-trīks (nominative singular)
-trīkes (nominative plural)
-trīks (singular vocative)
-trīkes (plural vocative)
-trīkem (accusative singular)
-trīkens (accusative plural)
-trīkes (genitive singular)
-trīkos (genitive singular)
-trīkom (genitive plural)
-trīkei (dative singular)
-trīkβos (dative plural)
-trīki? -trīke? (ablative singular)
-trīkβos (ablative plural)
-trīki? -trīke? (locative singular)
-trīkβos (locative plural)

Latin: -trīx (see there for further descendants)

Marrucinian: -crix

Paelignian: -cirix

From Proto-Indo-European *-trih₂ followed by an unknown additional velar suffix.

sakrāō (“to sanctify”) + *-trīks → *sakrātrīks (“priestess”)


De-

De- + Shawna → DeShawna

De- + Angelo → DeAngelo

De- + Andre → DeAndre

(US, African-American Vernacular, anthroponymy) Unisex prefix used in African-American given names.