-uz

-uz (nominative singular)
-used (nominative plural)
-usen (accusative singular)
-used (accusative plural)
-usen (genitive singular)
-usiden (genitive plural)
-ust (partitive singular)
-usid (partitive plural)
-usen (essive-instructive singular)
-usin (essive-instructive plural)
-useks (singular translative)
-usikš (plural translative)
-uses (inessive singular)
-usiš (inessive plural)
-usespäi (elative singular)
-usišpäi (elative plural)
-usehe (illative singular)
-usihe (illative plural)
-usel (adessive singular)
-usil (adessive plural)
-uselpäi (ablative singular)
-usilpäi (ablative plural)
-usele (allative singular)
-usile (allative plural)
-useta (abessive singular)
-usita (abessive plural)
-usenke (comitative singular)
-usidenke (comitative plural)
-ustme (prolative singular)
-usidme (plural prolative)
-usenno (approximative approximative-i singular)
-usidenno (approximative approximative-i plural)
-usennoks (approximative approximative-ii singular)
-usidennoks (approximative approximative-ii plural)
-usennopäi (egressive singular)
-usidennopäi (egressive plural)
-usehesai (singular terminative terminative-i)
-usihesai (plural terminative terminative-i)
-uselesai (singular terminative terminative-ii)
-usilesai (plural terminative terminative-ii)
-usessai (singular terminative terminative-iii)
-usehepäi (additive additive-i singular)
-usihepäi (additive additive-i plural)
-uselepäi (additive additive-ii singular)
-usilepäi (additive additive-ii plural)


-uz'

-uz' (nominative singular)
-uded (nominative plural)
-uden (accusative singular)
-uded (accusative plural)
-uden (genitive singular)
-uziden (genitive plural)
-ut (partitive singular)
-uzid (partitive plural)
-uden (essive-instructive singular)
-uzin (essive-instructive plural)
-udeks (singular translative)
-uzikš (plural translative)
-udes (inessive singular)
-uziš (inessive plural)
-udespäi (elative singular)
-uzišpäi (elative plural)
-udehe (illative singular)
-uzihe (illative plural)
-udel (adessive singular)
-uzil (adessive plural)
-udelpäi (ablative singular)
-uzilpäi (ablative plural)
-udele (allative singular)
-uzile (allative plural)
-udeta (abessive singular)
-uzita (abessive plural)
-udenke (comitative singular)
-uzidenke (comitative plural)
-utme (prolative singular)
-uzidme (plural prolative)
-udenno (approximative approximative-i singular)
-uzidenno (approximative approximative-i plural)
-udennoks (approximative approximative-ii singular)
-uzidennoks (approximative approximative-ii plural)
-udennopäi (egressive singular)
-uzidennopäi (egressive plural)
-udehesai (singular terminative terminative-i)
-uzihesai (plural terminative terminative-i)
-udelesai (singular terminative terminative-ii)
-uzilesai (plural terminative terminative-ii)
-udessai (singular terminative terminative-iii)
-udehepäi (additive additive-i singular)
-uzihepäi (additive additive-i plural)
-udelepäi (additive additive-ii singular)
-uzilepäi (additive additive-ii plural)


-वादी

hi-suffix

-वादी • (-vādī) m

समानता (samāntā, “equality”) + -वादी (-vādī) → समानतावादी (samāntāvādī, “equalitarian”)


-इका

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit -इका (-ikā).

lbor

प्रेम (prem, “love”) + -इका (-ikā) → प्रेमिका (premikā, “lover (female)”)


-इका

-ikā (romanization)
-इका (nominative singular)
-इके (dual nominative)
-इकाः (nominative plural)
-इके (singular vocative)
-इके (dual vocative)
-इकाः (plural vocative)
-इकाम् (accusative singular)
-इके (accusative dual)
-इकाः (accusative plural)
-इकया (instrumental singular)
-इका1 (instrumental singular)
-इकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
-इकाभिः (instrumental plural)
-इकायै (dative singular)
-इकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
-इकाभ्यः (dative plural)
-इकायाः (ablative singular)
-इकायै2 (ablative singular)
-इकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
-इकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
-इकायाः (genitive singular)
-इकायै2 (genitive singular)
-इकयोः (dual genitive)
-इकानाम् (genitive plural)
-इकायाम् (locative singular)
-इकयोः (dual locative)
-इकासु (locative plural)

क्रीड् (krīḍ, “to play”) + -इका (-ikā) → क्रीडिका (krīḍikā, “player (female)”)


-ama

pt-noun

-ama f (noun-forming suffix, plural -amas)

cipó (“liana”) + -ama → cipoama (“jumble of lianas”)

gente (“people”) + -ama → gentama (“rabble”)

forms nouns indicating a disorderly group or collection of the suffixed thing


-ama

-ganda (“to coagulate”) + -ama → -gandama (“to adhere”)


-atic

ro-adj

-atic m or n (feminine singular -atică, masculine plural -atici, feminine and neuter plural -atice)

-atică (feminine singular)
-atici (masculine plural)
-atice (feminine neuter plural)
-atic (indefinite masculine neuter singular)
-atică (feminine indefinite singular)
-atici (indefinite masculine singular)
-atice (feminine indefinite neuter plural)
-aticul (definite masculine neuter singular)
-atica (definite feminine singular)
-aticii (definite masculine singular)
-aticele (definite feminine neuter plural)
-atice (feminine indefinite singular)
-aticului (definite masculine neuter singular)
-aticei (definite feminine singular)
-aticilor (definite masculine singular)
-aticelor (definite feminine neuter plural)

From the older form -atec, from Latin -āticus. No longer a productive suffix in Romanian. Compare Aromanian -atic.

iarnă (“winter”) + -atic → iernatic (“of the winter, hibernal”)

toamnă (“autumn”) + -atic → tomnatic (“of the autumn, autumnal”)

zână (“fairy”) + -atic → zănatic (“crazy”)

(unproductive) Used to form some adjectives (and sometimes nouns derived from them) meaning "of", "like", "characteristic of", etc.


बे-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó
Classical Persian اَبی (abē)
Classical Persian بی (bē)bor.
Hindi बे- (be-)
Borrowed from Classical Persian بی (bē), from اَبی (abē), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó.


बे-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó
Classical Persian اَبی (abē)
Classical Persian بی (bē)bor.
Marathi बे- (be-)
Borrowed from Classical Persian بی (bē), from اَبی (abē), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó.


-αδόρος

-adóros (romanization)
-αδόρος (nominative singular)
-αδόροι (nominative plural)
-αδόρου (genitive singular)
-αδόρων (genitive plural)
-αδόρο (accusative singular)
-αδόρους (accusative plural)
-αδόρε (singular vocative)
-αδόροι (plural vocative)

Ultimately (through Venetan -ador) from Latin -ator

κομπίνα (kompína, “racket”) + -αδόρος (-adóros) → κομπιναδόρος (kompinadóros, “racketeer”)

λουφάρω (loufáro, “to skive”) + -αδόρος (-adóros) → λουφαδόρος (loufadóros, “skiver”)

added to another noun or verb to create agent nouns denoting illegal or negative actions:

μπάλα (bála, “ball”) + -αδόρος (-adóros) → μπαλαδόρος (baladóros, “skilled footballer”)

καντάδα (kantáda, “serenade”) + -αδόρος (-adóros) → κανταδόρος (kantadóros, “serenader”)

added to another noun or verb to create agent nouns denoting great ability at something:

παρκάρω (parkáro, “to park”) + -αδόρος (-adóros) → παρκαδόρος (parkadóros, “valet car parker”)

πίτσα (pítsa, “pizza”) + -αδόρος (-adóros) → πιτσαδόρος (pitsadóros, “pizza maker”)

added to another noun or verb to create agent nouns denoting employment:

κοτσάρω (kotsáro, “to hitch or connect”) + -αδόρος (-adóros) → κοτσαδόρος (kotsadóros, “tow bar/trailer hitch”)

μαρκάρω (markáro, “to mark”) + -αδόρος (-adóros) → μαρκαδόρος (markadóros, “marker”)

added to another noun or verb to create agent nouns denoting implements or tools:


-ιά

grc-noun

-ῐᾱ́ • (-ĭā́) f (genitive -ῐᾱ́ς); first declension

-ῐᾱ́ (canonical)
-ĭā́ (romanization)
-ῐᾱ́ς (genitive)


-ilji

Probably from Latin -īlia, neuter plural of -īlis. Compare Romanian -ie.

Used with a stem to create a (usually abstract) noun relating to it; can be compared to -ship, -hood, -ness, -ity, etc.


-eatsã

From Latin -itia(m). Compare Romanian -eață.

-ness, -ity; used to form nouns from adjectives


-ciuni

From Latin -tiō, -tiōnem. Compare Romanian -ciune.

roughly equivalent to -tion; used to form a noun when added to a verb root, describing that action or state related to the verb (also used with adjective roots sometimes)


-azzo

it-noun

-azzo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -azzi)

Variant of the suffix -accio, from Latin -āceus.

amore (“love”) + -azzo → amorazzo (“superficial, dishonest love”)

pupo (“small child; puppet”) + -azzo → pupazzo (“puppet”)

coda (“tail”) + -azzo → codazzo (“throng (of following people)”)


-azzare

it-verb

-azzàre (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -àzzo, first-person singular past historic -azzài, past participle -azzàto, auxiliary avére)

-azzàre (canonical)
-àzzo (first-person present singular)
-azzài (first-person historic past singular)
-azzàto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
-azzàre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
-azzàndo (gerund)
-azzànte (participle present)
-azzàto (participle past)
-àzzo (first-person indicative present singular)
-àzzi (indicative present second-person singular)
-àzza (indicative present singular third-person)
-azziàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
-azzàte (indicative plural present second-person)
-àzzano (indicative plural present third-person)
-azzàvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-azzàvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-azzàva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-azzavàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-azzavàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-azzàvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-azzài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
-azzàsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
-azzò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
-azzàmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
-azzàste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
-azzàrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
-azzerò (first-person future indicative singular)
-azzerài (future indicative second-person singular)
-azzerà (future indicative singular third-person)
-azzerémo (first-person future indicative plural)
-azzeréte (future indicative plural second-person)
-azzerànno (future indicative plural third-person)
-azzerèi (conditional first-person singular)
-azzerésti (conditional second-person singular)
-azzerèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
-azzerébbe (conditional singular third-person)
-azzerémmo (conditional first-person plural)
-azzeréste (conditional plural second-person)
-azzerèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
-azzerébbero (conditional plural third-person)
-àzzi (first-person present singular subjunctive)
-àzzi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
-àzzi (present singular subjunctive third-person)
-azziàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
-azziàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
-àzzino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
-azzàssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-azzàssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-azzàsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-azzàssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-azzàste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-azzàssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-àzza (imperative second-person singular)
-àzzi (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
-azziàmo (first-person imperative plural)
-azzàte (imperative plural second-person)
-àzzino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
non -azzàre (imperative negative second-person singular)
non -àzzi (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
non -azziàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
non -azzàte (imperative negative plural second-person)
non -àzzino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

From -azzo + -are (1st conjugation verbal suffix).

af

s- + copia (“copy, imitation”) + -azzare → scopiazzare (“to badly copy or imitate”)

s- + correre (“to run”) + -azzare → scorrazzare (“to run about”)

a- + vino (“wine”) + -azzare + -si → avvinazzarsi (“to drink large amounts of wine”)

used to form verbs with frequentative and intensifying value, usually with a pejorative connotation


-еский

-eskij (romanization)
-еский (masculine nominative)
-еское (neuter nominative)
-еская (feminine nominative)
-еские (nominative plural)
-еского (genitive masculine neuter)
-еской (feminine genitive)
-еских (genitive plural)
-ескому (dative masculine neuter)
-еской (dative feminine)
-еским (dative plural)
-еского (accusative animate masculine)
-еское (accusative neuter)
-ескую (accusative feminine)
-еских (accusative animate plural)
-еский (accusative inanimate masculine)
-еские (accusative inanimate plural)
-еским (instrumental masculine neuter)
-еской (feminine instrumental)
-ескою (feminine instrumental)
-ескими (instrumental plural)
-еском (masculine neuter prepositional)
-еской (feminine prepositional)
-еских (plural prepositional)

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic -ьскъ (-ĭskŭ), from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ. Doublet of -ский (-skij).

bor+

уча́стник (učástnik, “participant”) + -еский (-eskij) → уча́стнический (učástničeskij, “participant (relational)”)

комме́рция (kommércija, “commerce”) + -еский (-eskij) → комме́рческий (kommérčeskij, “commercial”)

враг (vrag, “enemy”) + -еский (-eskij) → вра́жеский (vrážeskij, “enemy, hostile”)

мона́х (monáx, “monk”) + -еский (-eskij) → мона́шеский (monášeskij, “monastic”)

това́рищ (továrišč, “comrade, friend”) + -еский (-eskij) → това́рищеский (továriščeskij, “friendly”)

князь (knjazʹ, “prince; duke”) + -еский (-eskij) → кня́жеский (knjážeskij, “princely, prince's; duke's”)

Used to form adjectives from nouns or sometimes other adjectives, often relational (meaning "related to X"); a variant of -ский (-skij): -ian, -ic, -ish


-dem

Misinterpretation of -em. When the old ablative cases of is, eōd, eād, became eō, eā, the true forms eōd-em, eād-em were interpreted as eō-dem, eā-dem. The neuter nominative singular id-em is natural and gives earlier emem (= later eundem). The new marker -dem then served to create totidem, tantumdem, ibīdem, etc. Compare tam-en with its later doublet: tan-dem (← *tam-dem).

ibī (“in that place”) > ibidem (“in that very place”)

ita (“in this way”) > itidem (“likewise”)

quī (“whereby”) > quidem (“indeed”)

is (“he, it”) > īdem (“the same”)

tam (“to such an extent”) > tandem (“finally”)

tantus (“of much size”) > tantusdem (“just as much”)

pri ("before") > prīdem (“long ago; previously”)


-dem

teŋri (“1. sky, heaven 2. deity, god”) + *-dem → *teŋridem (“holy”)


alpha-

Related to or characteristic of an alphabet or alphabetic characters.


-bol

pt-noun

-bol m (noun-forming suffix, uncountable)

Back-formation of words like futebol (“football”) and voleibol (“volleyball”), which are loanwords of English compounds ending in ball.


sъ-

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *su-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su- (“good”).

eu- (prefix expressing actuality or genuineness)


-iruida

-iruin (first-person indicative present singular)
-iruin (first-person indicative past singular)
-iruid (indicative present second-person singular)
-iruid (indicative past second-person singular)
-irui (imperative second-person singular)
-iruib (indicative present singular third-person)
-irui (indicative past singular third-person)
-iruigaha (imperative singular third-person)
-iruim (first-person indicative plural present)
-iruim (first-person indicative past plural)
-iruigam (first-person imperative plural)
-iruit (indicative plural present second-person)
-iruit (indicative past plural second-person)
-iruigat (imperative plural second-person)
-iruidas (indicative plural present third-person)
-iruiba (indicative plural present third-person)
-iruiba (indicative past plural third-person)
-iruigaha (imperative plural third-person)
-irui (connegative indicative present singular)
-iruind (connegative indicative past singular)
-irui (connegative imperative singular)
-iruigoi (connegative indicative plural present)
-iruinugoi (connegative indicative past plural)
-iruigoi (connegative imperative plural)
-iruižin (conditional first-person present singular)
-iruinuižin (conditional first-person past singular)
-iruinen (first-person potential singular)
-iruižid (conditional present second-person singular)
-iruinuižid (conditional past second-person singular)
-iruined (potential second-person singular)
-iruiži (conditional present singular third-person)
-iruinuiži (conditional past singular third-person)
-iruineb (potential singular third-person)
-iruižim (conditional first-person plural present)
-iruinuižim (conditional first-person past plural)
-iruinem (first-person plural potential)
-iruižit (conditional plural present second-person)
-iruinuižit (conditional past plural second-person)
-iruinet (plural potential second-person)
-iruižiba (conditional plural present third-person)
-iruinuižiba (conditional past plural third-person)
-iruineba (plural potential third-person)
-iruiži (conditional connegative present)
-iruinuiži (conditional connegative past)
-iruine (connegative potential)
-iruida (infinitive infinitive-i)
-iruides (conditional inessive present)
-iruimas (inessive potential)
-iruiden (conditional instructive present)
-iruimaha (illative potential)
-iruimaspäi (elative participle potential)
-irui (active participle present)
-iruimal (adessive potential)
-iruinu (active participle past)
-iruimat (abessive potential)
-iruidud (participle passive past)

Borrowed from Russian -и́ровать (-írovatʹ), specifically the present stem -и́руй- (-íruj-). The Russian suffix is itself borrowed from German -ieren, ultimately originating from Latin -āre.

to -ate; attached to verbs that originate (often via Russian) from Latin or Romance languages.


-acii

-acii (nominative singular)
-acijad (nominative plural)
-acijan (accusative singular)
-acijad (accusative plural)
-acijan (genitive singular)
-acijoiden (genitive plural)
-acijad (partitive singular)
-acijoid (partitive plural)
-acijan (essive-instructive singular)
-acijoin (essive-instructive plural)
-acijaks (singular translative)
-acijoikš (plural translative)
-acijas (inessive singular)
-acijoiš (inessive plural)
-acijaspäi (elative singular)
-acijoišpäi (elative plural)
-acijaha (illative singular)
-acijoihe (illative plural)
-acijal (adessive singular)
-acijoil (adessive plural)
-acijalpäi (ablative singular)
-acijoilpäi (ablative plural)
-acijale (allative singular)
-acijoile (allative plural)
-acijata (abessive singular)
-acijoita (abessive plural)
-acijanke (comitative singular)
-acijoidenke (comitative plural)
-acijadme (prolative singular)
-acijoidme (plural prolative)
-acijanno (approximative approximative-i singular)
-acijoidenno (approximative approximative-i plural)
-acijannoks (approximative approximative-ii singular)
-acijoidennoks (approximative approximative-ii plural)
-acijannopäi (egressive singular)
-acijoidennopäi (egressive plural)
-acijahasai (singular terminative terminative-i)
-acijoihesai (plural terminative terminative-i)
-acijalesai (singular terminative terminative-ii)
-acijoilesai (plural terminative terminative-ii)
-acijassai (singular terminative terminative-iii)
-acijahapäi (additive additive-i singular)
-acijoihepäi (additive additive-i plural)
-acijalepäi (additive additive-ii singular)
-acijoilepäi (additive additive-ii plural)

Borrowed from Russian -а́ция (-ácija), ultimately originating from Latin -ātio.

-ation; attached to nouns that originate (often via Russian) from Latin or Romance languages.


cristo-

From Cristo (“Christ”), from Latin Christus, from Ancient Greek Χριστός (Khristós), proper noun use of χριστός (khristós, “the anointed one”).

pertaining to Christ or Christianity; Christo-


-ировать

head

-и́ровать or -ирова́ть • (-írovatʹ or -irovátʹ)

-и́ровать (canonical)
-ирова́ть (canonical)
-írovatʹ (romanization)
-irovátʹ (romanization)
-и́ровать (imperfective infinitive)
-ирова́ть (imperfective infinitive)
-и́рующий (active participle present)
-иру́ющий (active participle present)
-и́ровавший (active participle past)
-ирова́вший (active participle past)
-и́руемый (participle passive present)
-иру́емый (participle passive present)
-и́рованный (participle passive past)
-иро́ванный (participle passive past)
-и́руя (adverbial participle present)
-иру́я (adverbial participle present)
-и́ровав (adverbial participle past)
-ирова́в (adverbial participle past)
-и́ровавши (adverbial participle past)
-ирова́вши (adverbial participle past)
-и́рую (first-person present singular)
-иру́ю (first-person present singular)
бу́ду -и́ровать (first-person future singular)
бу́ду -ирова́ть (first-person future singular)
-и́руешь (present second-person singular)
-иру́ешь (present second-person singular)
бу́дешь -и́ровать (future second-person singular)
бу́дешь -ирова́ть (future second-person singular)
-и́рует (present singular third-person)
-иру́ет (present singular third-person)
бу́дет -и́ровать (future singular third-person)
бу́дет -ирова́ть (future singular third-person)
-и́руем (first-person plural present)
-иру́ем (first-person plural present)
бу́дем -и́ровать (first-person future plural)
бу́дем -ирова́ть (first-person future plural)
-и́руете (plural present second-person)
-иру́ете (plural present second-person)
бу́дете -и́ровать (future plural second-person)
бу́дете -ирова́ть (future plural second-person)
-и́руют (plural present third-person)
-иру́ют (plural present third-person)
бу́дут -и́ровать (future plural third-person)
бу́дут -ирова́ть (future plural third-person)
-и́руй (imperative singular)
-иру́й (imperative singular)
-и́руйте (imperative plural)
-иру́йте (imperative plural)
-и́ровал (masculine past singular)
-ирова́л (masculine past singular)
-и́ровали (masculine past plural)
-ирова́ли (masculine past plural)
-и́ровала (feminine past singular)
-ирова́ла (feminine past singular)
-и́ровали (feminine past plural)
-ирова́ли (feminine past plural)
-и́ровало (neuter past singular)
-ирова́ло (neuter past singular)
-и́ровали (neuter past plural)
-ирова́ли (neuter past plural)
-и́ровать (infinitive perfective)
-ирова́ть (infinitive perfective)
-и́ровавший (active participle past)
-ирова́вший (active participle past)
-и́рованный (participle passive past)
-иро́ванный (participle passive past)
-и́ровав (adverbial participle past)
-ирова́в (adverbial participle past)
-и́ровавши (adverbial participle past)
-ирова́вши (adverbial participle past)
-и́рую (first-person future singular)
-иру́ю (first-person future singular)
-и́руешь (future second-person singular)
-иру́ешь (future second-person singular)
-и́рует (future singular third-person)
-иру́ет (future singular third-person)
-и́руем (first-person future plural)
-иру́ем (first-person future plural)
-и́руете (future plural second-person)
-иру́ете (future plural second-person)
-и́руют (future plural third-person)
-иру́ют (future plural third-person)
-и́руй (imperative singular)
-иру́й (imperative singular)
-и́руйте (imperative plural)
-иру́йте (imperative plural)
-и́ровал (masculine past singular)
-ирова́л (masculine past singular)
-и́ровали (masculine past plural)
-ирова́ли (masculine past plural)
-и́ровала (feminine past singular)
-ирова́ла (feminine past singular)
-и́ровали (feminine past plural)
-ирова́ли (feminine past plural)
-и́ровало (neuter past singular)
-ирова́ло (neuter past singular)
-и́ровали (neuter past plural)
-ирова́ли (neuter past plural)

Borrowed from German -ieren (ultimately from Latin -āre) + -овать (-ovatʹ) (or -ова́ть (-ovátʹ) in its final-stressed variant).

af

-ова́ть (-ovátʹ)

a productive verbal suffix, also used to create new verbs, especially from loanwords


pyelo-

From Ancient Greek πύελος (púelos, “pelvis, wash basin”).

uder

(anatomy, medicine, surgery) Forms terms relating to the renal pelvis, such as pyelonephritis, pyelography, and others.


-ище

head

-ище or -и́ще • (-išče or -íšče) n inan or n anim or m inan or m anim

-ище (canonical)
-и́ще (canonical)
-išče (romanization)
-íšče (romanization)
-ище (nominative singular)
-ища (nominative plural)
-ища (genitive singular)
-ищ (genitive plural)
-ищу (dative singular)
-ищам (dative plural)
-ище (accusative animate singular)
-ищ (accusative animate plural)
-ище (accusative inanimate singular)
-ища (accusative inanimate plural)
-ищем (instrumental singular)
-ищами (instrumental plural)
-ище (prepositional singular)
-ищах (plural prepositional)
-ище (nominative singular)
-ища (nominative plural)
-ищи (irregular nominative plural)
-ища (genitive singular)
-ищ (genitive plural)
-ищу (dative singular)
-ищам (dative plural)
-ище (accusative singular)
-ища (accusative plural)
-ищи (accusative irregular plural)
-ищем (instrumental singular)
-ищами (instrumental plural)
-ище (prepositional singular)
-ищах (plural prepositional)
-ище (nominative singular)
-ищи (irregular nominative plural)
-ища (genitive singular)
-ищи (colloquial genitive singular uncommon)
-ищ (genitive plural)
-ищу (dative singular)
-ище (colloquial dative singular uncommon)
-ищам (dative plural)
-ища (accusative singular)
-ищу (accusative colloquial singular)
-ищ (accusative plural)
-ищем (instrumental singular)
-ищей (colloquial instrumental singular uncommon)
-ищами (instrumental plural)
-ище (prepositional singular)
-ищах (plural prepositional)

самова́р (samovár, “samovar”) + -ище (-išče) → самова́рище n inan (samovárišče, “large samovar”)

ко́готь (kógotʹ, “claw, talon”) (genitive singular ко́гтя (kógtja)) + -и́ще (-íšče) → когти́ще m inan (kogtíšče, “large claw or talon”)

волк (volk, “wolf”) + -и́ще (-íšče) → волчи́ще m anim (volčíšče, “large wolf”)

Аttached to nouns to form augmentatives.

пожа́р (požár, “fire”) + -ище (-išče) → пожа́рище (požárišče, “site of a fire”)

дно (dno, “bottom”) + -и́ще (-íšče) → дни́ще (dníšče, “bottom (of a barrel, ship, etc.)”)

убега́ть (ubegátʹ, “to flee”) or убежа́ть (ubežátʹ, “to flee”) + -ище (-išče) → убе́жище (ubéžišče, “refuge, asylum, shelter”)

Attached to nouns and verbs to form neuter nouns indicating locations.

посмеши́ть (posmešítʹ, “to laugh for a while”) + -ище (-išče) → посме́шище (posméšišče, “laughing stock”)

уеба́ть (ujebátʹ, “to fuck up, to destroy; to hit; to exhaust; etc.”) (vulgar) + -ище (-išče) → уёбище (ujóbišče, “something ugly or disgusting, shit, dreck; asshole, dipshit, fuckwad”) (vulgar)

Attached to verbs to form neuter, often colloquial, nouns indicating objects having the quality of the verb.


-ăciune

-ăciuni (plural)
-ăciune (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
-ăciunea (accusative definite nominative singular)
ăciuni (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
ăciunile (accusative definite nominative plural)
ăciuni (indefinite singular)
ăciunii (definite singular)
ăciunilor (definite plural)
-ăciune (singular vocative)
-ăciuneo (singular vocative)
ăciunilor (vocative)


-elette

diminutive suffix utilized to form feminine nouns or adjectives


taga-

From Proto-Philippine *taga-. Compare Pangasinan taga.

taga- + bundok (“mountain”) → tagabundok (“person from the mountains”)

taga- + Maynila (“Manila”) → taga-Maynila (“person from Manila”)

prefix used to denote place or origin, birth, or residence of a person

taga- + luto (“to cook”) → tagaluto (“cook; chef”)

taga- + payo (“to advise”) → tagapayo (“adviser”)

taga- + linis (“to clean”) → tagalinis (“cleaner”)

prefix used to denote the occupation or duty assigned to someone


-išt

-išt (nominative singular)
-ištod (nominative plural)
-išton (accusative singular)
-ištod (accusative plural)
-išton (genitive singular)
-ištoiden (genitive plural)
-ištod (partitive singular)
-ištoid (partitive plural)
-išton (essive-instructive singular)
-ištoin (essive-instructive plural)
-ištoks (singular translative)
-ištoikš (plural translative)
-ištos (inessive singular)
-ištoiš (inessive plural)
-ištospäi (elative singular)
-ištoišpäi (elative plural)
-ištho (illative singular)
-ištoho (illative singular)
-ištoihe (illative plural)
-ištol (adessive singular)
-ištoil (adessive plural)
-ištolpäi (ablative singular)
-ištoilpäi (ablative plural)
-ištole (allative singular)
-ištoile (allative plural)
-ištota (abessive singular)
-ištoita (abessive plural)
-ištonke (comitative singular)
-ištoidenke (comitative plural)
-ištodme (prolative singular)
-ištoidme (plural prolative)
-ištonno (approximative approximative-i singular)
-ištoidenno (approximative approximative-i plural)
-ištonnoks (approximative approximative-ii singular)
-ištoidennoks (approximative approximative-ii plural)
-ištonnopäi (egressive singular)
-ištoidennopäi (egressive plural)
-išthosai (singular terminative terminative-i)
-ištohosai (singular terminative terminative-i)
-ištoihesai (plural terminative terminative-i)
-ištolesai (singular terminative terminative-ii)
-ištoilesai (plural terminative terminative-ii)
-ištossai (singular terminative terminative-iii)
-išthopäi (additive additive-i singular)
-ištohopäi (additive additive-i singular)
-ištoihepäi (additive additive-i plural)
-ištolepäi (additive additive-ii singular)
-ištoilepäi (additive additive-ii plural)

Forms nouns for a place associated with something.


-abilitate

-abilități (plural)
-abilitate (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
-abilitatea (accusative definite nominative singular)
-abilități (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
-abilitățile (accusative definite nominative plural)
-abilități (indefinite singular)
-abilității (definite singular)
-abilităților (definite plural)
-abilitate (singular vocative)
-abilitateo (singular vocative)
-abilităților (vocative)


-lin

phabaj (“apple”) + -lin → phabalin (“apple tree”)

used to form the names of trees bearing a particular type of fruit


-ως

Beekes states that this common adverbial suffix cannot be demonstrated to go back to the Proto-Indo-European era.

ἄξιος (áxios, “worthy”) + -ως (-ōs) → ἀξίως (axíōs, “worthily”)

Added to the stem of adjectives or pronouns to form adverbs


-lathach

nominative (positive)
-lathach (masculine singular)
-lathacha (plural)
vocative (positive)
genitive (positive)
-lathaí (feminine singular)
-lathacha (plural strong)
-lathach (plural weak)
dative (positive)
-lathach (feminine singular)
-lathaigh (archaic feminine singular)
níos -lathaí (comparative)
is -lathaí (superlative)


-lathas

nominative (indefinite)
-lathas (indefinite singular)
-lathais (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a -lathais (indefinite singular)
a -lathasa (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
-lathais (indefinite singular)
-lathas (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an -lathas (definite singular)
na -lathais (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an -lathais (definite singular)
na -lathas (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an -lathas (definite singular)
don -lathas (definite singular)
leis na -lathais (definite plural)


-lathaí

nominative (indefinite)
-lathaí (indefinite singular)
-lathaithe (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a -lathaí (indefinite singular)
a -lathaithe (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an -lathaí (definite singular)
na -lathaithe (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
dative (definite)
leis an -lathaí (definite singular)
don -lathaí (definite singular)
leis na -lathaithe (definite plural)


-енный

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic -еньнъ (-enĭnŭ), from енъ (enŭ) + ьнъ (ĭnŭ). Originally used to form adjectives from past passive participles in Old Church Slavonic, later reinterpreted as a past passive participle suffix within the Russian literary language. Compare the native past participle suffix -еный (-enyj), which developed into an adjective suffix. For the same development compare -ячий (-jačij).

bor+

просла́вить (proslávitʹ, “to celebrate”) + -енный (-ennyj) → просла́вленный (proslávlennyj, “celebrated”)

used to form past passive participles from verbs in -ить (-itʹ) and -еть (-etʹ), which are frequently lexicalized into adjectives


-al-

Borrowed from English -al, French -al, -el, -aille, German -al, Italian -ale, -aglia, Spanish -al, all ultimately from Latin -ālis.

amiko (“friend”) + -al- → amikala (“friendly, amicable”)

naciono (“nation”) + -al- → nacionala (“national”)

artifico (“artifice”) + -al- → artificale (“artificially”)

ideo (“idea”) + -al- → idealo (“ideal”)

Suffix used with a noun to make an adjective out of said noun pertaining to, relating to, appropriate to.


-ивать

-ivatʹ (romanization)
-́ивать (imperfective infinitive)
-́ивающий (active participle present)
-́ивавший (active participle past)
-́иваемый (participle passive present)
-́ивая (adverbial participle present)
-́ивав (adverbial participle past)
-́ивавши (adverbial participle past)
-́иваю (first-person present singular)
бу́ду -́ивать (first-person future singular)
-́иваешь (present second-person singular)
бу́дешь -́ивать (future second-person singular)
-́ивает (present singular third-person)
бу́дет -́ивать (future singular third-person)
-́иваем (first-person plural present)
бу́дем -́ивать (first-person future plural)
-́иваете (plural present second-person)
бу́дете -́ивать (future plural second-person)
-́ивают (plural present third-person)
бу́дут -́ивать (future plural third-person)
-́ивай (imperative singular)
-́ивайте (imperative plural)
-́ивал (masculine past singular)
-́ивали (masculine past plural)
-́ивала (feminine past singular)
-́ивали (feminine past plural)
-́ивало (neuter past singular)
-́ивали (neuter past plural)

-я́ть

another way to form imperfective verbs from prefixed perfective verbs, usually in -ить (-itʹ), and with iotation

-а́ть

spelling variant of the above after hushing consonants (ш ж ч щ)

-а́ть

a different, homophonous suffix used to form imperfective verbs from prefixed perfective verbs of certain classes, without iotation

-ва́ть

a suffix used to form imperfective verbs from perfective verbs with vowel-final roots, as well as class-1 verbs in -еть (-etʹ)

оцени́ть pf (ocenítʹ) + -ивать (-ivatʹ) → оце́нивать impf (océnivatʹ)

сноси́ть pf (snosítʹ) + -ивать (-ivatʹ) → сна́шивать impf (snášivatʹ)

вы́здороветь pf (výzdorovetʹ) + -ивать (-ivatʹ) → выздора́вливать impf (vyzdorávlivatʹ)

Used to form imperfective verbs from prefixed perfective verbs in -ить (-itʹ) and sometimes -еть (-etʹ), with iotation of the final consonant.

вмеша́ться pf (vmešátʹsja) + -ивать (-ivatʹ) → вме́шиваться impf (vméšivatʹsja)

вы́толкнуть pf (výtolknutʹ) + -ивать (-ivatʹ) → выта́лкивать impf (vytálkivatʹ)

подскочи́ть pf (podskočítʹ) + -ивать (-ivatʹ) → подска́кивать impf (podskákivatʹ)

-ывать -ывать#Russian

Used as a spelling variant in place of -ывать (-yvatʹ) to form imperfective verbs from prefixed perfective verbs in -ать (-atʹ), -нуть (-nutʹ) and sometimes -ить (-itʹ) with root-final velars (к г х) and hushing consonants (ш ж ч щ), without iotation of the final consonant.

суди́ть impf (sudítʹ, “to judge”) + -ивать (-ivatʹ) → су́живать impf (súživatʹ, “to judge repeatedly”)

Used to form frequentative verbs from non-prefixed verbs in -ить (-itʹ) and sometimes -еть (-etʹ), with iotation of the final consonant.

-ывать -ывать#Russian

Used as a spelling variant in place of -ывать (-yvatʹ) to form frequentative verbs from non-prefixed verbs in -ать (-atʹ), -нуть (-nutʹ) and sometimes -ить (-itʹ) with root-final velars (к г х) and hushing consonants (ш ж ч щ), without iotation of the final consonant.


-ывать

-yvatʹ (romanization)
-́ывать (imperfective infinitive)
-́ывающий (active participle present)
-́ывавший (active participle past)
-́ываемый (participle passive present)
-́ывая (adverbial participle present)
-́ывав (adverbial participle past)
-́ывавши (adverbial participle past)
-́ываю (first-person present singular)
бу́ду -́ывать (first-person future singular)
-́ываешь (present second-person singular)
бу́дешь -́ывать (future second-person singular)
-́ывает (present singular third-person)
бу́дет -́ывать (future singular third-person)
-́ываем (first-person plural present)
бу́дем -́ывать (first-person future plural)
-́ываете (plural present second-person)
бу́дете -́ывать (future plural second-person)
-́ывают (plural present third-person)
бу́дут -́ывать (future plural third-person)
-́ывай (imperative singular)
-́ывайте (imperative plural)
-́ывал (masculine past singular)
-́ывали (masculine past plural)
-́ывала (feminine past singular)
-́ывали (feminine past plural)
-́ывало (neuter past singular)
-́ывали (neuter past plural)

отде́лать pf (otdélatʹ) → отде́лывать impf (otdélyvatʹ)

записа́ть pf (zapisátʹ) → запи́сывать impf (zapísyvatʹ)

срабо́тать pf (srabótatʹ) → сраба́тывать impf (srabátyvatʹ)

опроки́нуть pf (oprokínutʹ) → опроки́дывать impf (oprokídyvatʹ)

обхвати́ть pf (obxvatítʹ) → обхва́тывать impf (obxvátyvatʹ)

заката́ть pf (zakatátʹ) → зака́тывать impf (zakátyvatʹ)

Used to form imperfective verbs from prefixed perfective verbs. Normally used with stems ending in paired non-palatal consonants, but occasionally found with stems ending in paired palatal consonants, with the consonant becoming non-palatal before this suffix.


-ание

-а́ние (canonical)
-ание (canonical)
-ánije (romanization)
-anije (romanization)
-а́ние (nominative singular)
-ание (nominative singular)
-а́ния (nominative plural)
-ания (nominative plural)
-а́ния (genitive singular)
-ания (genitive singular)
-а́ний (genitive plural)
-аний (genitive plural)
-а́нию (dative singular)
-анию (dative singular)
-а́ниям (dative plural)
-аниям (dative plural)
-а́ние (accusative singular)
-ание (accusative singular)
-а́ния (accusative plural)
-ания (accusative plural)
-а́нием (instrumental singular)
-анием (instrumental singular)
-а́ниями (instrumental plural)
-аниями (instrumental plural)
-а́нии (prepositional singular)
-ании (prepositional singular)
-а́ниях (plural prepositional)
-аниях (plural prepositional)

надоеда́ть (nadojedátʹ, “to annoy”) + -а́ние (-ánije) → надоеда́ние (nadojedánije, “annoyance”)

сде́рживать (sdérživatʹ, “to deter”) + -ание (-anije) → сде́рживание (sdérživanije, “deterrence”)

ве́шать (véšatʹ, “to hang”) + -ание (-anije) → ве́шание (véšanije, “hanging”)

ды́хать (dýxatʹ, “to breathe”) + -а́ние (-ánije) → дыха́ние (dyxánije, “breath, breathing”)

-tion, -ence, -ance, -ity, etc. (suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs; added especially to verbs ending in -ать (-atʹ))


-ический

head

-и́ческий • (-íčeskij)

-и́ческий (canonical)
-íčeskij (romanization)
-и́ческий (masculine nominative)
-и́ческое (neuter nominative)
-и́ческая (feminine nominative)
-и́ческие (nominative plural)
-и́ческого (genitive masculine neuter)
-и́ческой (feminine genitive)
-и́ческих (genitive plural)
-и́ческому (dative masculine neuter)
-и́ческой (dative feminine)
-и́ческим (dative plural)
-и́ческого (accusative animate masculine)
-и́ческое (accusative neuter)
-и́ческую (accusative feminine)
-и́ческих (accusative animate plural)
-и́ческий (accusative inanimate masculine)
-и́ческие (accusative inanimate plural)
-и́ческим (instrumental masculine neuter)
-и́ческой (feminine instrumental)
-и́ческою (feminine instrumental)
-и́ческими (instrumental plural)
-и́ческом (masculine neuter prepositional)
-и́ческой (feminine prepositional)
-и́ческих (plural prepositional)

[ˈʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪj]

Used to form adjectives from nouns or sometimes other adjectives, often relational (meaning "related to X"). Often equivalent to -al, -ic, or -ical.


-о

я́сен (jásen, “clear”) + -о (-o) → я́сно (jásno, “clearly”)

Suffix added to adjectives to produce adverbs.


-о

-о (canonical)
-о ́ (canonical)
-o (romanization)
-ó (romanization)

однозна́чный (odnoznáčnyj, “unambiguous”) + -о (-o) → однозна́чно (odnoznáčno, “unambiguously”)

бы́стрый (býstryj, “quick, fast”) + -о (-o) → бы́стро (býstro, “quickly”)

сме́лый (smélyj, “brave”) + -о (-o) → сме́ло (smélo, “bravely”)

го́рький (górʹkij, “bitter”) + -о (-o) → го́рько (górʹko, “bitterly”)

со́бственный (sóbstvennyj, “(one's) own”) + -о (-o) → со́бственно (sóbstvenno, “in fact, as a matter of fact”)

больно́й (bolʹnój, “sick, painful”) + -о (-o) → бо́льно (bólʹno, “painfully; extremely”)

глухо́й (gluxój, “deaf; dull, muffled”) + -о (-o) → глу́хо (glúxo, “deafly; dully, in a muffled manner”)

дорого́й (dorogój, “expensive, dear”) + -о (-o) → до́рого (dórogo, “expensively, dearly”)

ра́вный (rávnyj, “equal”) + -о́ (-ó) → равно́ (ravnó, “equally”)

смешно́й (smešnój, “funny, comic”) + -о́ (-ó) → смешно́ (smešnó, “in a funny manner, comically”)

у́мный (úmnyj, “clever, wise”) + -о́ (-ó) → умно́ (umnó, “cleverly, wisely”)

лёгкий (ljóxkij, “light; easy”) + -о́ (-ó) → легко́ (lexkó, “lightly; easily”)

хоро́ший (xoróšij, “good”) + -о́ (-ó) → хорошо́ (xorošó, “well”)

горя́чий (gorjáčij, “hot; hot-tempered”) + -о́ (-ó) → горячо́ (gorjačó, “hotly, warmly; passionately”)

да́вний (dávnij, “old, ancient, bygone”) + -о́ (-ó) → давно́ (davnó, “long ago”)

Suffix added to adjectives to produce adverbs; highly productive

-и

used to form adverbs from adjectives whose stem ends in -ск- or -ий-/-j-


-κός

-kós (romanization)
-κή (feminine)
-κόν (neuter)
-κός (masculine nominative singular)
-κή (feminine nominative singular)
-κόν (neuter nominative singular)
-κώ (dual masculine nominative)
-κᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
-κώ (dual neuter nominative)
-κοί (masculine nominative plural)
-καί (feminine nominative plural)
-κᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
-κοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
-κῆς (feminine genitive singular)
-κοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
-κοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
-καῖν (dual feminine genitive)
-κοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
-κῶν (genitive masculine plural)
-κῶν (feminine genitive plural)
-κῶν (genitive neuter plural)
-κῷ (dative masculine singular)
-κῇ (dative feminine singular)
-κῷ (dative neuter singular)
-κοῖν (dative dual masculine)
-καῖν (dative dual feminine)
-κοῖν (dative dual neuter)
-κοῖς (dative masculine plural)
-καῖς (dative feminine plural)
-κοῖς (dative neuter plural)
-κόν (accusative masculine singular)
-κήν (accusative feminine singular)
-κόν (accusative neuter singular)
-κώ (accusative dual masculine)
-κᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
-κώ (accusative dual neuter)
-κούς (accusative masculine plural)
-κᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
-κᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
-κέ (masculine singular vocative)
-κή (feminine singular vocative)
-κόν (neuter singular vocative)
-κώ (dual masculine vocative)
-κᾱ́ (dual feminine vocative)
-κώ (dual neuter vocative)
-κοί (masculine plural vocative)
-καί (feminine plural vocative)
-κᾰ́ (neuter plural vocative)
-κῶς (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
-κότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
-κότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

From Proto-Hellenic *-kos, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos.
Cognate with Latin -cus, Proto-Germanic *-gaz, Sanskrit -शस् (-śas) and Old Church Slavonic -ъkъ (-ŭkŭ).
PIE *-ko- on noun stems carried the meaning 'characteristic of, like, typical, pertaining to', and on adjectival stems it acted emphatically.

forms adjectives with the sense of 'of or pertaining to', 'in the manner of'


-овой

-ово́й • (-ovój)

-ово́й (canonical)
-ovój (romanization)
-ово́й (masculine nominative)
-ово́е (neuter nominative)
-ова́я (feminine nominative)
-овы́е (nominative plural)
-ово́го (genitive masculine neuter)
-ово́й (feminine genitive)
-овы́х (genitive plural)
-ово́му (dative masculine neuter)
-ово́й (dative feminine)
-овы́м (dative plural)
-ово́го (accusative animate masculine)
-ово́е (accusative neuter)
-ову́ю (accusative feminine)
-овы́х (accusative animate plural)
-ово́й (accusative inanimate masculine)
-овы́е (accusative inanimate plural)
-овы́м (instrumental masculine neuter)
-ово́й (feminine instrumental)
-ово́ю (feminine instrumental)
-овы́ми (instrumental plural)
-ово́м (masculine neuter prepositional)
-ово́й (feminine prepositional)
-овы́х (plural prepositional)

тип (tip, “type, model”) + -ово́й (-ovój) → типово́й (tipovój, “type, model (relational)”)

го́лос (gólos, “voice”) + -ово́й (-ovój) → голосово́й (golosovój, “vocal”)

used to form adjectives from nouns, often relational


з-

Inherited from Old East Slavic въз- (vŭz-), from Proto-Slavic *vъz-.

inh+

зі- (zi-) + йти impf (jty, “to go”) → зійти́ pf (zijtý, “to go up, to ascend”)

з- (z-) + леті́ти impf (letíty, “to fly”) → злеті́ти pf (zletíty, “to fly up, to take off”)

з- (z-) + вести impf (vesty, “to lead, to take”) → звести́ pf (zvestý, “to raise, to erect, to lift up, to cock (a trigger)”)

з- (z-) + рости́ти impf (rostýty, “to grow, to raise”) → зрости́ти pf (zrostýty, “to grow, to bring up”)

з- (z-) + би́ти impf (býty, “to beat”) → зби́ти pf (zbýty, “to fluff (pillow), to whip, to whisk, to beat (eggs)”)

вс- (vs-) + ста́ти impf (státy, “to stand”) → вста́ти pf (vstáty, “to stand up, to rise, to wake up”)

(used with verbs) up, upward, upwards (indicates upward movement)

з- (z-) + буди́ти impf (budýty, “to wake up, to awaken”) → збуди́ти pf (zbudýty, “to excite, to arouse, to stimulate”)

с- (s-) + кри́кнути pf (krýknuty, “to shout out, to cry out”) → скри́кнути pf (skrýknuty, “to shout out suddenly”)

з- (z-) + -ривати impf (-ryvaty, “to tear”) → зрива́ти impf (zryváty, “to blow up, to trigger”)

с- (s-) + палахну́ти pf (palaxnúty, “to inflame, to flash, to blaze”) → спалахну́ти pf (spalaxnúty, “to blaze up, to burst into flames, to break out”)

(used with verbs) indicates suddenness, abruptness or intensity


з-

Inherited from Old East Slavic из- (iz-), from Proto-Slavic *jьz-.

з- (z-) + ї́здити impf (jízdyty, “to go”) → з'ї́здити pf (zʺjízdyty, “to have gone/traveled everywhere”)

с- (s-) + писа́ти impf (pysáty, “to fly”) → списа́ти pf (spysáty, “to write all over, to fill with writings”)

іс- (is-) + -пи́тувати impf (-pýtuvaty, “to ask”) → іспи́тувати impf (ispýtuvaty, “to test, to trial”)

з- (z-) + -міни́ти impf (-minýty, “to change”) → зміни́ти pf (zminýty, “to change, to alter, to modify”)

з- (z-) + cуши́ти impf (cušýty, “to dry”) → зсуши́ти pf (zsušýty, “to dry out, to desiccate, to exhaust”)

(used with verbs) indicates full extent, intensity or full completion

з- (z-) + вести́ impf (vestý, “to lead, to drive”) → звести́ pf (zvestý, “to exterminate, to torment, to waste”)

з- (z-) + жи́ти impf (žýty, “to live”) → зжи́ти pf (zžýty, “to get rid of, to eradicate”)

с- (s-) + -корени́ти impf (-korenýty, “to root”) → скорени́ти pf (skorenýty, “to eradicate, to root out”)

з- (z-) + ни́кнути impf (nýknuty, “to droop, to wilt”) → зни́кнути pf (znýknuty, “to disappear, to perish”)

(used with verbs) ex-, out (indicates elimination, exhaustion or brining to an end)

з- (z-) + ходи́ти impf (xodýty, “to walk”) → зхо́дити impf (zxódyty, “to leave”)

(used with verbs, obsolete or dialectal) ex-, out (indicates outward movement)


-нуть

-нуть (canonical)
-ну́ть (canonical)
-nutʹ (romanization)
-nútʹ (romanization)
-нуть (imperfective infinitive)
-нущий (active participle present)
-ший (active participle past)
-ши (adverbial participle past)
-ну (first-person present singular)
бу́ду -нуть (first-person future singular)
-нешь (present second-person singular)
бу́дешь -нуть (future second-person singular)
-нет (present singular third-person)
бу́дет -нуть (future singular third-person)
-нем (first-person plural present)
бу́дем -нуть (first-person future plural)
-нете (plural present second-person)
бу́дете -нуть (future plural second-person)
-нут (plural present third-person)
бу́дут -нуть (future plural third-person)
-нь (imperative singular)
-ньте (imperative plural)
no suffix (masculine past singular)
-ли (masculine past plural)
-ла (feminine past singular)
-ли (feminine past plural)
-ло (neuter past singular)
-ли (neuter past plural)
-нуть (infinitive perfective)
-ну́ть (infinitive perfective)
-нувший (active participle past)
-ну́вший (active participle past)
-нутый (participle passive past)
-нув (adverbial participle past)
-ну́в (adverbial participle past)
-нувши (adverbial participle past)
-ну́вши (adverbial participle past)
-ну (first-person future singular)
-ну́ (first-person future singular)
-нешь (future second-person singular)
-нёшь (future second-person singular)
-нет (future singular third-person)
-нёт (future singular third-person)
-нем (first-person future plural)
-нём (first-person future plural)
-нете (future plural second-person)
-нёте (future plural second-person)
-нут (future plural third-person)
-ну́т (future plural third-person)
-нь (imperative singular)
-ни́ (imperative singular)
-ньте (imperative plural)
-ни́те (imperative plural)
-нул (masculine past singular)
-ну́л (masculine past singular)
-нули (masculine past plural)
-ну́ли (masculine past plural)
-нула (feminine past singular)
-ну́ла (feminine past singular)
-нули (feminine past plural)
-ну́ли (feminine past plural)
-нуло (neuter past singular)
-ну́ло (neuter past singular)
-нули (neuter past plural)
-ну́ли (neuter past plural)

suffix used to create primary imperfective intransitive verbs


-евой

head

-ево́й • (-evój)

-ево́й (canonical)
-evój (romanization)
-ево́й (masculine nominative)
-ево́е (neuter nominative)
-ева́я (feminine nominative)
-евы́е (nominative plural)
-ево́го (genitive masculine neuter)
-ево́й (feminine genitive)
-евы́х (genitive plural)
-ево́му (dative masculine neuter)
-ево́й (dative feminine)
-евы́м (dative plural)
-ево́го (accusative animate masculine)
-ево́е (accusative neuter)
-еву́ю (accusative feminine)
-евы́х (accusative animate plural)
-ево́й (accusative inanimate masculine)
-евы́е (accusative inanimate plural)
-евы́м (instrumental masculine neuter)
-ево́й (feminine instrumental)
-ево́ю (feminine instrumental)
-евы́ми (instrumental plural)
-ево́м (masculine neuter prepositional)
-ево́й (feminine prepositional)
-евы́х (plural prepositional)

о́трасль (ótraslʹ, “branch, sector”) + -ево́й (-evój) → отраслево́й (otraslevój, “branch, sector (relational)”)

край (kraj, “edge; krai”) + -ево́й (-evój) → краево́й (krajevój, “edge (relational); krai (relational); regional”)


-ed-

cervo (“deer”) + -ed- → cervedo (“cervid”)

homo (“human”) + -ed- → homedo (“hominid”)


culturicide

en-noun

culturicide (countable and uncountable, plural culturicides)

/kʌlˈt͡ʃʊəɹɪˌsaɪd/

If culturicide is to be prevented, certain means must be employed.

1969, New Physician, volume 18, Reston, Va.: American Medical Student Association, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 617:

In effect, the textbooks commit what we term culturecide: the destruction of a culture, either by physical force or through symbolic means. The textbooks contribute to such destruction by distorting and omitting information […]

1974, George Dearborn Spindler, editor, Education and Cultural Process: Toward an Anthropology of Education, New York, N.Y., London: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, →ISBN, page 529:

When culture-groups, in majority or minority, in national or political systems, attempt to eliminate the social practices of other culture-groups over which they have power, there is cultural domination and hypothesized Culturicide. Culturicide examples include Germans stamping out Hebrew language of Jews in the 1930s, Spanish outlawing Aztec and Maya codexes in 16th century Central America, Chinese establishing provincial restrictions of Mandarin in various dynasties, and the United States suppressing native languages of our indigenous "Indian" nations for over one hundred years.

1998, James V. Fenelon, “Culturicide Processes over Native Nations”, in Culturicide, Resistance, and Survival of the Lakota (“Sioux Nation”) (Native Americans: Interdisciplinary Perspectives), New York, N.Y., London: Garland Publishing, →ISBN, pages 36–37:

Though culturecide is in and of itself not genocide, it does threaten the existence of a group if individual actions assume a quantitative mass whose collective impact can result in the demise of a group.

1998, David O. Friedrichs, editor, State Crime (International Library of Criminology, Criminal Justice and Penology), volumes I (Defining, Delineating, and Explaining State Crime), Aldershot, Hampshire: Dartmouth, →ISBN, page 384:

In contrast, culturicide is an attempt to kill a culture, whether or not its members survive and whether or not they retain a separate identity […]

2003, Wilma A. Dunaway, editor, Emerging Issues in the 21st Century World-system. Volume I: Crises and Resistance in the 21st Century World-system (Contributions in Economics and Economic History; 230 [Studies in the Political Economy of the World-system]), volume I, Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishing, →ISBN, page 182:

Culturecide, referred to also as cultural genocide or deculturation, signifies processes that have usually been purposely introduced and that result in the decline or demise of a culture, without necessarily resulting in the physical destruction of its bearers.

2004, Stuart Stein, “Culturecide”, in Ellis Cashmore, editor, Encyclopedia of Race and Ethnic Studies, London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN:

Ethnic cleansing is a poor euphemism for forms of culturcide, ethnocide, ghettoization, displacement of people to reservations, and forced removal of populations.

2009, Timothy Pytell, “Weighing Genocide”, in Brian Levin, editor, Hate Crimes, volumes 1 (Understanding and Defining Hate Crime), Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishing, →ISBN, page 210:

While situated in Darwinian ideas of evolutionary progress, [Edward Burnett] Tylor's work shows interesting analogies with both [Immanuel] Kant's moral telos and its implied culturcide, and [Johann Gottfried] Herder's universalism of partitioned cultures.

2010, Chetan Bhatt, “The Spirit Lives On: Races and Disciplines”, in Patricia Hill Collins, John Solomos, editors, The SAGE Handbook of Race and Ethnic Studies, Los Angeles, Calif.: SAGE Publications, →ISBN, page 102:

(uncountable) The systematic destruction of a culture, particularly one unique to a specific ethnicity, or a political, religious, or social group.


-ōs

-ōs (nominative singular)
é-ōs (nominative singular)
é₁ (dual nominative)
é₁e (dual nominative)
-oses (nominative plural)
é-oses (nominative plural)
-os (singular vocative)
é-os (singular vocative)
é₁ (dual vocative)
é₁e (dual vocative)
-oses (plural vocative)
é-oses (plural vocative)
-osm̥ (accusative singular)
é-osm̥ (accusative singular)
é₁ (accusative dual)
é₁e (accusative dual)
-osm̥s (accusative plural)
é-osm̥s (accusative plural)
-sés (genitive singular)
Ø-sés (genitive singular)
-sóHom (genitive plural)
Ø-sóHom (genitive plural)
-sés (ablative singular)
Ø-sés (ablative singular)
-smós (ablative plural)
Ø-smós (ablative plural)
-sbʰós (ablative plural)
Ø-sbʰós (ablative plural)
-séy (dative singular)
Ø-séy (dative singular)
-smós (dative plural)
Ø-smós (dative plural)
-sbʰós (dative plural)
Ø-sbʰós (dative plural)
-és (locative singular)
Ø-és (locative singular)
-ési (locative singular)
Ø-ési (locative singular)
-sú (locative plural)
Ø-sú (locative plural)
Ø-séh₁ (instrumental singular)
-smís (instrumental plural)
Ø-smís (instrumental plural)
-sbʰís (instrumental plural)
Ø-sbʰís (instrumental plural)

Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: some -ως (-ōs)/ -ώς (-ṓs) (ἠώς f (ēṓs), αἰδώς f (aidṓs), γέλως m (gélōs))

Proto-Italic: *-ōs

Latin: -or

From *(é)-os-s from *(é)-os (neuter s-stem) + *-s (non-neuter nominative), with simplification of the geminate consonant /s/ and compensatory lengthening. Compare *-yōs.

af

Creates masculine and feminine action nouns or result nouns from verbs.


-ōs

Latin: -or

Creates masculine action nouns or result nouns from verbs.


-dab

-dab (nominative singular)
-dabad (nominative plural)
-daban (accusative singular)
-dabad (accusative plural)
-daban (genitive singular)
-dabiden (genitive plural)
-dabad (partitive singular)
-dabid (partitive plural)
-daban (essive-instructive singular)
-dabin (essive-instructive plural)
-dabaks (singular translative)
-dabikš (plural translative)
-dabas (inessive singular)
-dabiš (inessive plural)
-dabaspäi (elative singular)
-dabišpäi (elative plural)
-dabaha (illative singular)
-dabihe (illative plural)
-dabal (adessive singular)
-dabil (adessive plural)
-dabalpäi (ablative singular)
-dabilpäi (ablative plural)
-dabale (allative singular)
-dabile (allative plural)
-dabata (abessive singular)
-dabita (abessive plural)
-dabanke (comitative singular)
-dabidenke (comitative plural)
-dabadme (prolative singular)
-dabidme (plural prolative)
-dabanno (approximative approximative-i singular)
-dabidenno (approximative approximative-i plural)
-dabannoks (approximative approximative-ii singular)
-dabidennoks (approximative approximative-ii plural)
-dabannopäi (egressive singular)
-dabidennopäi (egressive plural)
-dabahasai (singular terminative terminative-i)
-dabihesai (plural terminative terminative-i)
-dabalesai (singular terminative terminative-ii)
-dabilesai (plural terminative terminative-ii)
-dabassai (singular terminative terminative-iii)
-dabahapäi (additive additive-i singular)
-dabihepäi (additive additive-i plural)
-dabalepäi (additive additive-ii singular)
-dabilepäi (additive additive-ii plural)

(no longer productive) -ed; forms a secondary present passive participle of a few verbs.


-v

-va (genitive)
-vat (partitive)
-v (nominative singular)
-vad (nominative plural)
-v (accusative nominative singular)
-vad (accusative nominative plural)
-va (accusative genitive singular)
-vad (accusative genitive plural)
-va (genitive singular)
-vate (genitive plural)
-vat (partitive singular)
-vaid (partitive plural)
-vasse (illative singular)
-vatesse (illative plural)
-vaisse (illative plural)
-vas (inessive singular)
-vates (inessive plural)
-vais (inessive plural)
-vast (elative singular)
-vatest (elative plural)
-vaist (elative plural)
-vale (allative singular)
-vatele (allative plural)
-vaile (allative plural)
-val (adessive singular)
-vatel (adessive plural)
-vail (adessive plural)
-valt (ablative singular)
-vatelt (ablative plural)
-vailt (ablative plural)
-vaks (singular translative)
-vateks (plural translative)
-vaiks (plural translative)
-vani (singular terminative)
-vateni (plural terminative)
-vana (essive singular)
-vatena (essive plural)
-vata (abessive singular)
-vateta (abessive plural)
-vaga (comitative singular)
-vatega (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *-pa, cognate to Finnish -va.

kirjutama "to write" → kirjutav tüdruk "the/a girl who is writing"

võistlema "to compete" → võistlev mees "the/a man who is competing"

Forms the present active participle of a verb, which is normally used like an adjective.


-v

-v (nominative singular)
-vad (nominative plural)
-van (accusative singular)
-vad (accusative plural)
-van (genitive singular)
-viden (genitive plural)
-vad (partitive singular)
-vid (partitive plural)
-van (essive-instructive singular)
-vin (essive-instructive plural)
-vaks (singular translative)
-vikš (plural translative)
-vas (inessive singular)
-viš (inessive plural)
-vaspäi (elative singular)
-višpäi (elative plural)
-vaha (illative singular)
-vihe (illative plural)
-val (adessive singular)
-vil (adessive plural)
-valpäi (ablative singular)
-vilpäi (ablative plural)
-vale (allative singular)
-vile (allative plural)
-vata (abessive singular)
-vita (abessive plural)
-vanke (comitative singular)
-videnke (comitative plural)
-vadme (prolative singular)
-vidme (plural prolative)
-vanno (approximative approximative-i singular)
-videnno (approximative approximative-i plural)
-vannoks (approximative approximative-ii singular)
-vidennoks (approximative approximative-ii plural)
-vannopäi (egressive singular)
-vidennopäi (egressive plural)
-vahasai (singular terminative terminative-i)
-vihesai (plural terminative terminative-i)
-valesai (singular terminative terminative-ii)
-vilesai (plural terminative terminative-ii)
-vassai (singular terminative terminative-iii)
-vahapäi (additive additive-i singular)
-vihepäi (additive additive-i plural)
-valepäi (additive additive-ii singular)
-vilepäi (additive additive-ii plural)

From Proto-Finnic *-va, from Proto-Uralic *-ŋa.

Forms adjectives from nouns, indicating the possession or abundance of something.


-tanga

From a conflation of Proto-Polynesian *-laŋa and *-raŋa, from a rebracketing of Proto-Oceanic nouns ending in /t/, /ɟ/ and *-aŋa.


tig-

tig-isa

(appended to numbers) used to indicate quantity for each one or for each group


-овый

-овый (canonical)
-о́вый (canonical)
-ovyj (romanization)
-óvyj (romanization)
-овый (masculine nominative)
-о́вый (masculine nominative)
-овое (neuter nominative)
-о́вое (neuter nominative)
-овая (feminine nominative)
-о́вая (feminine nominative)
-овые (nominative plural)
-о́вые (nominative plural)
-ового (genitive masculine neuter)
-о́вого (genitive masculine neuter)
-овой (feminine genitive)
-о́вой (feminine genitive)
-овых (genitive plural)
-о́вых (genitive plural)
-овому (dative masculine neuter)
-о́вому (dative masculine neuter)
-овой (dative feminine)
-о́вой (dative feminine)
-овым (dative plural)
-о́вым (dative plural)
-ового (accusative animate masculine)
-о́вого (accusative animate masculine)
-овое (accusative neuter)
-о́вое (accusative neuter)
-овую (accusative feminine)
-о́вую (accusative feminine)
-овых (accusative animate plural)
-о́вых (accusative animate plural)
-овый (accusative inanimate masculine)
-о́вый (accusative inanimate masculine)
-овые (accusative inanimate plural)
-о́вые (accusative inanimate plural)
-овым (instrumental masculine neuter)
-о́вым (instrumental masculine neuter)
-овой (feminine instrumental)
-овою (feminine instrumental)
-о́вой (feminine instrumental)
-о́вою (feminine instrumental)
-овыми (instrumental plural)
-о́выми (instrumental plural)
-овом (masculine neuter prepositional)
-о́вом (masculine neuter prepositional)
-овой (feminine prepositional)
-о́вой (feminine prepositional)
-овых (plural prepositional)
-о́вых (plural prepositional)

ru-decl-adj

-овый,-о́вый

пла́стик (plástik, “plastic”) + -овый (-ovyj) → пла́стиковый (plástikovyj, “plastic”)

ба́за (báza, “base”) + -овый (-ovyj) → ба́зовый (bázovyj, “base, basic”)

сосна́ (sosná, “pine”) + -о́вый (-óvyj) → сосно́вый (sosnóvyj, “pine”) (relational)

кулачо́к (kulačók, “cam”) + -о́вый (-óvyj) → кулачко́вый (kulačkóvyj, “cam”) (relational)


-ебный

head

-е́бный • (-ébnyj)

-е́бный (canonical)
-ébnyj (romanization)
-е́бный (masculine nominative)
-е́бное (neuter nominative)
-е́бная (feminine nominative)
-е́бные (nominative plural)
-е́бного (genitive masculine neuter)
-е́бной (feminine genitive)
-е́бных (genitive plural)
-е́бному (dative masculine neuter)
-е́бной (dative feminine)
-е́бным (dative plural)
-е́бного (accusative animate masculine)
-е́бное (accusative neuter)
-е́бную (accusative feminine)
-е́бных (accusative animate plural)
-е́бный (accusative inanimate masculine)
-е́бные (accusative inanimate plural)
-е́бным (instrumental masculine neuter)
-е́бной (feminine instrumental)
-е́бною (feminine instrumental)
-е́бными (instrumental plural)
-е́бном (masculine neuter prepositional)
-е́бной (feminine prepositional)
-е́бных (plural prepositional)
-е́бен (masculine short-form)
-е́бно (neuter short-form)
-е́бна (feminine short-form)
-е́бны (plural short-form)

Rebracketing of words such as сва́дебный (svádebnyj), where -еб- is part of the radical (сва́дьба (svádʹba) + -ный (-nyj)).


-kъ

-kъ (nominative singular)
-ka (dual nominative)
-ci (nominative plural)
-ka (genitive singular)
-ku (dual genitive)
-kъ (genitive plural)
-ku (dative singular)
-koma (dative dual)
-komъ (dative plural)
-kъ (accusative singular)
-ka (accusative dual)
-ky (accusative plural)
-kъmь (instrumental singular)
-komь (instrumental singular)
-koma (dual instrumental)
-ky (instrumental plural)
-cě (locative singular)
-ku (dual locative)
-cěxъ (locative plural)
-če (singular vocative)
-ka (dual vocative)
-ci (plural vocative)

Nominal suffix. From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kas, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.

From verbs in a-theme declension or adjectives, forming agent nouns. Equivalent to *-akъ (see there for examples)


ec-

Related to Oscan 𐌄𐌊𐌊𐌖𐌌 (ekkum) via Proto-Italic; further etymology uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *é(y) or *h₁é + *(-)ḱe.
May be apocopated or back-formed from ecce. An old hypothesis proposed *ed-ke underlying Latin ecce (in which case, all ec- may simply be *ed-) and *ed-ke-om underlying Oscan 𐌄𐌊𐌊𐌖𐌌 (ekkum), comparing the first element of Proto-Slavic *ed-ìnъ (“one”) and *ed(ъ)-và (“only”), which would point to Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ed-, but the latter is nowadays reconstructed as *h₁edʰ- in accordance with Winter's law.

ec- + -ce → ecce

ec- + quandō → ecquandō

ec- + quis → ecquis

prefixed to interrogatives, has intensive or indefinite force


-onimo

From Ancient Greek ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”).


-c

First attested in 1351. A variant of the -sz noun-forming suffix.

bohó (“playful, foolish”) + -c → bohóc (“clown”)

(noun-forming suffix, rare) Added to a word to form a noun with a diminutive sense. No longer productive.


ce-

ce- + -dō → cedō


־יסט

־יסט • (-íst) m

From Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs).

-ist (one who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory)

-ist (a member of a profession, or someone who uses something)


-δε

ὁ (ho, “the”) + -δε (-de) → ὅδε (hóde, “this here”)

Added to demonstratives to form proximal demonstratives


-альный

-альный or -а́льный • (-alʹnyj or -álʹnyj)

-альный (canonical)
-а́льный (canonical)
-alʹnyj (romanization)
-álʹnyj (romanization)
-альный (masculine nominative)
-а́льный (masculine nominative)
-альное (neuter nominative)
-а́льное (neuter nominative)
-альная (feminine nominative)
-а́льная (feminine nominative)
-альные (nominative plural)
-а́льные (nominative plural)
-ального (genitive masculine neuter)
-а́льного (genitive masculine neuter)
-альной (feminine genitive)
-а́льной (feminine genitive)
-альных (genitive plural)
-а́льных (genitive plural)
-альному (dative masculine neuter)
-а́льному (dative masculine neuter)
-альной (dative feminine)
-а́льной (dative feminine)
-альным (dative plural)
-а́льным (dative plural)
-ального (accusative animate masculine)
-а́льного (accusative animate masculine)
-альное (accusative neuter)
-а́льное (accusative neuter)
-альную (accusative feminine)
-а́льную (accusative feminine)
-альных (accusative animate plural)
-а́льных (accusative animate plural)
-альный (accusative inanimate masculine)
-а́льный (accusative inanimate masculine)
-альные (accusative inanimate plural)
-а́льные (accusative inanimate plural)
-альным (instrumental masculine neuter)
-а́льным (instrumental masculine neuter)
-альной (feminine instrumental)
-альною (feminine instrumental)
-а́льной (feminine instrumental)
-а́льною (feminine instrumental)
-альными (instrumental plural)
-а́льными (instrumental plural)
-альном (masculine neuter prepositional)
-а́льном (masculine neuter prepositional)
-альной (feminine prepositional)
-а́льной (feminine prepositional)
-альных (plural prepositional)
-а́льных (plural prepositional)
-ален (masculine short-form)
-а́лен (masculine short-form)
-ально (neuter short-form)
-а́льно (neuter short-form)
-альна (feminine short-form)
-а́льна (feminine short-form)
-альны (plural short-form)
-а́льны (plural short-form)

ru-decl-adj

-альный,-а́льный

игра́ть (igrátʹ, “to play”) + -а́льный (-álʹnyj) → игра́льный (igrálʹnyj, “(relational) playing”)

приста́ть (pristátʹ, “to adhere”) + -альный (-alʹnyj) → при́стальный (prístalʹnyj, “intent, rapt”)

Used to form adjectives from verbs, especially those in -ать (-atʹ).


-ις

grc-noun

-ῐς • (-ĭs) f (genitive -ῐδος); third declension

-ῐς (canonical)
-ĭs (romanization)
-ῐδος (genitive)
-ῐς (nominative singular)
-ῐδε (dual nominative)
-ῐδες (nominative plural)
-ῐδος (genitive singular)
-ῐδοιν (dual genitive)
-ῐδων (genitive plural)
-ῐδῐ (dative singular)
-ῐδοιν (dative dual)
-ῐσῐ (dative plural)
-ῐσῐν (dative plural)
-ĭsĭ (dative plural)
-ĭsĭn (dative plural)
-ῐδᾰ (accusative singular)
-ῐδε (accusative dual)
-ῐδᾰς (accusative plural)
-ῐς (singular vocative)
-ῐδε (dual vocative)
-ῐδες (plural vocative)

Uncertain, but compare Latin -idus (forming adjectives). Furnée and Beekes also consider it a common Pre-Greek suffix, related to -ιτ- (-it-), -ινδ- (-ind-) and -ινθ- (-inth-).

Ἕλλην (Héllēn, “Greek man”) + -ις (-is) → Ἑλληνίς (Hellēnís, “Greek woman”)

Ἰλλυριός (Illuriós, “Illyrian man”) + -ις (-is) → Ἰλλυρίς (Illurís, “Illyrian woman”)

Forms feminine nouns, or feminine forms of adjectives (often accented on the ultima)


-atico

it-adj

-atico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -atica, masculine plural -atici, feminine plural -atiche)

-atica (feminine)
-atici (masculine plural)
-atiche (feminine plural)

Most likely inherited from Latin -āticus. Doublet of -aggio, from Old Occitan or Old French.
Etymological notes
This suffix was traditionally seen as a borrowing from Latin, as it was believed that -āticus would be expected to develop into *-acco via syncope of the post-tonic vowel (such as in freddo < frigidus); furthermore, most words formed with this suffix are learned terms, such as problematico (← problēmaticus).
However, the claim that *-acco is the regular reflex of -āticus is unwarranted; Fleischman (citing E. L. Dawson) notes that "a thorough examination of Medieval Latin and Italian texts has not only failed to produce a single example in *-acco, but also discovered none showing syncope of the posttonic vowel between a dental and a velar". She also adduces a solid core of non-learned formations using -atico, such as lugliatico (< Medieval Latin iūliāticus).

iniziare (“to initiate”) + -atico → iniziatico (“initiatory”)

magma + -atico → magmatico (“magmatic”)

used to derive adjectives with a meaning of “of, pertaining to”


-ίων

grc-noun

-ῑ́ων • (-ī́ōn) m or f (genitive -ῑ́ωνος or -ῑ́ονος); third declension

-ῑ́ων (canonical)
-ī́ōn (romanization)
-ῑ́ωνος (genitive)
-ῑ́ονος (genitive)
-ῑ́ων (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-ῑ́ωνε (dual feminine masculine nominative)
-ῑ́ωνες (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-ῑ́ωνος (feminine genitive masculine singular)
-ῑώνοιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
-ῑώνων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
-ῑ́ωνῐ (dative feminine masculine singular)
-ῑώνοιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
-ῑ́ωσῐ (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ῑ́ωσῐν (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ī́ōsĭ (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ī́ōsĭn (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ῑ́ωνᾰ (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-ῑ́ωνε (accusative dual feminine masculine)
-ῑ́ωνᾰς (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ῑ́ων (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-ῑ́ωνε (dual feminine masculine vocative)
-ῑ́ωνες (feminine masculine plural vocative)
-ῑ́ων (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-ῑ́ονε (dual feminine masculine nominative)
-ῑ́ονες (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-ῑ́ονος (feminine genitive masculine singular)
-ῑόνοιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
-ῑόνων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
-ῑ́ονῐ (dative feminine masculine singular)
-ῑόνοιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
-ῑ́οσῐ (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ῑ́οσῐν (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ī́osĭ (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ī́osĭn (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ῑ́ονᾰ (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-ῑ́ονε (accusative dual feminine masculine)
-ῑ́ονᾰς (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ῖον (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-ῑ́ονε (dual feminine masculine vocative)
-ῑ́ονες (feminine masculine plural vocative)
-ῑ́ων (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-ῑ́ωνε (dual feminine masculine nominative)
-ῑ́ωνες (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-ῑ́ωνος (feminine genitive masculine singular)
-ῑώνοιῐν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
-ῑώνων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
-ῑ́ωνῐ (dative feminine masculine singular)
-ῑώνοιῐν (dative dual feminine masculine)
-ῑ́ωσῐ (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ῑ́ωσῐν (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ῑώνεσσῐ (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ῑώνεσσῐν (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ῑώνεσῐ (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ῑώνεσῐν (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ī́ōsĭ (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ī́ōsĭn (dative feminine masculine plural)
-īṓnessĭ (dative feminine masculine plural)
-īṓnessĭn (dative feminine masculine plural)
-īṓnesĭ (dative feminine masculine plural)
-īṓnesĭn (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ῑ́ωνᾰ (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-ῑ́ωνε (accusative dual feminine masculine)
-ῑ́ωνᾰς (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ῑ́ων (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-ῑ́ωνε (dual feminine masculine vocative)
-ῑ́ωνες (feminine masculine plural vocative)
-ῑ́ων (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-ῑ́ονε (dual feminine masculine nominative)
-ῑ́ονες (feminine masculine nominative plural)
-ῑ́ονος (feminine genitive masculine singular)
-ῑόνοιῐν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
-ῑόνων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
-ῑ́ονῐ (dative feminine masculine singular)
-ῑόνοιῐν (dative dual feminine masculine)
-ῑ́οσῐ (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ῑ́οσῐν (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ῑόνεσσῐ (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ῑόνεσσῐν (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ῑόνεσῐ (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ῑόνεσῐν (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ī́osĭ (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ī́osĭn (dative feminine masculine plural)
-īónessĭ (dative feminine masculine plural)
-īónessĭn (dative feminine masculine plural)
-īónesĭ (dative feminine masculine plural)
-īónesĭn (dative feminine masculine plural)
-ῑ́ονᾰ (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-ῑ́ονε (accusative dual feminine masculine)
-ῑ́ονᾰς (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ῖον (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-ῑ́ονε (dual feminine masculine vocative)
-ῑ́ονες (feminine masculine plural vocative)

Πηλεύς (Pēleús, “Peleus”) + -ίων (-íōn) → Πηλεΐων (Pēleḯōn, “son of Peleus”)

(chiefly Epic) Suffix added to father's name that forms masculine patronymic, meaning "son of"


-άλα

-ála (romanization)
-άλα (nominative singular)
-άλες (nominative plural)
-άλας (genitive singular)
-άλα (accusative singular)
-άλες (accusative plural)
-άλα (singular vocative)
-άλες (plural vocative)

Modern Greek coinage which follows patterns set out in such word groups as πηλαλώ (pilaló, “run”) → πηλάλα (pilála, “running”) and κεφάλι (kefáli, “head”) → κεφάλα (kefála, “big head”).

τρέχω (trécho, “run”) + -άλα (-ála) → τρεχάλα (trechála, “running, at full speed”)

κρεμώ (kremó, “hang”) + -άλα (-ála) → κρεμάλα (kremála, “noose, gallows”)

φεύγω (févgo, “leave”) + -άλα (-ála) → φευγάλα (fevgála, “flight, escape”)

φουσκώνω (fouskóno, “inflate, blow up”) + -άλα (-ála) → φουσκάλα (fouskála, “blister”)

added to a verb, to create nouns or adverbs describing an action or the resulting action:


-aci

ca-adj

-aci (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -àcia, masculine plural -acis, feminine plural -àcies)

-àcia (feminine)
-acis (masculine plural)
-àcies (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin -āceus. Doublet of -às, which was inherited.

-aceous (belonging to a taxonomic family)


-tico

pt-adj

-tico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -tica, masculine plural -ticos, feminine plural -ticas)

-tica (feminine)
-ticos (masculine plural)
-ticas (feminine plural)


-ari-

Borrowed from English -ary, French -arie, Italian -ario, Spanish -ario, from Latin -ārius. Paronym to -er-.

suffix indicating the object of an action

donacar (“to give, donate”) + -ari- → donacario (“donee”)

suffix indicating the recipient of an action or one upon whom a right, especially legal, is conferred


-þu

English: -th

From Proto-West Germanic *-iþu, from Proto-Germanic *-iþō.

forming abstract nouns from verbs, adjectives or other nouns; generally causing mutation of root or preceding vowels


-foro

es-noun

-foro m (noun-forming suffix, plural -foros)


-iatria

-iatria (nominative singular)
-iatrii (genitive singular)
-iatrii (dative singular)
-iatrię (accusative singular)
-iatrią (instrumental singular)
-iatrii (locative singular)
-iatrio (singular vocative)

psycho- + -iatria → psychiatria


-овать

-овать (canonical)
-ова́ть (canonical)
-ovatʹ (romanization)
-ovátʹ (romanization)
-́овать (imperfective infinitive)
-ова́ть (imperfective infinitive)
-́ующий (active participle present)
-у́ющий (active participle present)
-́овавший (active participle past)
-ова́вший (active participle past)
-́уемый (participle passive present)
-у́емый (participle passive present)
-́ованный (participle passive past)
-о́ванный (participle passive past)
-́уя (adverbial participle present)
-у́я (adverbial participle present)
-́овав (adverbial participle past)
-ова́в (adverbial participle past)
-́овавши (adverbial participle past)
-ова́вши (adverbial participle past)
-́ую (first-person present singular)
-у́ю (first-person present singular)
бу́ду -́овать (first-person future singular)
бу́ду -ова́ть (first-person future singular)
-́уешь (present second-person singular)
-у́ешь (present second-person singular)
бу́дешь -́овать (future second-person singular)
бу́дешь -ова́ть (future second-person singular)
-́ует (present singular third-person)
-у́ет (present singular third-person)
бу́дет -́овать (future singular third-person)
бу́дет -ова́ть (future singular third-person)
-́уем (first-person plural present)
-у́ем (first-person plural present)
бу́дем -́овать (first-person future plural)
бу́дем -ова́ть (first-person future plural)
-́уете (plural present second-person)
-у́ете (plural present second-person)
бу́дете -́овать (future plural second-person)
бу́дете -ова́ть (future plural second-person)
-́уют (plural present third-person)
-у́ют (plural present third-person)
бу́дут -́овать (future plural third-person)
бу́дут -ова́ть (future plural third-person)
-́уй (imperative singular)
-у́й (imperative singular)
-́уйте (imperative plural)
-у́йте (imperative plural)
-́овал (masculine past singular)
-ова́л (masculine past singular)
-́овали (masculine past plural)
-ова́ли (masculine past plural)
-́овала (feminine past singular)
-ова́ла (feminine past singular)
-́овали (feminine past plural)
-ова́ли (feminine past plural)
-́овало (neuter past singular)
-ова́ло (neuter past singular)
-́овали (neuter past plural)
-ова́ли (neuter past plural)

штраф (štraf, “fine”) + -ова́ть (-ovátʹ) → штрафова́ть (štrafovátʹ, “to fine”)

ре́вн(ость) (révn(ostʹ), “jealousy”) + -ова́ть (-ovátʹ) → ревнова́ть (revnovátʹ, “to be jealous”)

German integrieren (“to integrate”) + -овать (-ovatʹ) → интегри́ровать (intɛgrírovatʹ, “to integrate”)

Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives, or foreign verbs.


deseti-

deseti- + boj (“fight”) → desetiboj (“decathlon”)

deseti- + léto (“year”) + -í → desetiletí (“decade”)

deseti- + stěna (“face”) → desetistěn (“decahedron”)

deseti- + úhel (“angle”) + -ník → desetiúhelník (“decagon”)


myringo-

From myringa, which is from New Latin; more at myringa § Etymology.

Of or relating to the eardrum (also known as the myringa, myrinx, or tympanum).


tympano-

tympanostomy


thallo-

New Latin, from Ancient Greek θαλλός (thallós, “young shoot, twig”) thallus

der

Relating to or consisting of undifferentiated plant tissue, as algae.


-ización

gl-noun

-ización f (noun-forming suffix, plural -izacións)


-ización

es-noun

-ización f (noun-forming suffix, plural -izaciones)


blenno-

From Ancient Greek βλέννα (blénna, “mucous discharge”).


-ение

head

-е́ние • (-énie)

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic -ньѥ (-nĭje), from Proto-Slavic *-nьje.

inh+

-tion, -ence, -ance, -ity, etc. (suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs, and occasionally from other parts of speech)


-ение

head

-е́ние • (-énie)


-ение

-е́ние (canonical)
-ение (canonical)
-énije (romanization)
-enije (romanization)
-е́ние (nominative singular)
-ение (nominative singular)
-е́ния (nominative plural)
-ения (nominative plural)
-е́ния (genitive singular)
-ения (genitive singular)
-е́ний (genitive plural)
-ений (genitive plural)
-е́нию (dative singular)
-ению (dative singular)
-е́ниям (dative plural)
-ениям (dative plural)
-е́ние (accusative singular)
-ение (accusative singular)
-е́ния (accusative plural)
-ения (accusative plural)
-е́нием (instrumental singular)
-ением (instrumental singular)
-е́ниями (instrumental plural)
-ениями (instrumental plural)
-е́нии (prepositional singular)
-ении (prepositional singular)
-е́ниях (plural prepositional)
-ениях (plural prepositional)

отчи́слить (otčíslitʹ, “to deduct, to dismiss”) + -е́ние (-énije) → отчисле́ние (otčislénije, “deduction, dismissal”)

порази́ть (porazítʹ, “to defeat”) (past passive participle поражённый (poražónnyj)) + -е́ние (-énije) → пораже́ние (poražénije, “defeat”)

прови́деть (provídetʹ, “to foresee”) (past passive participle прови́денный (provídennyj)) + -ение (-enije) → прови́дение (provídenije, “foresight”)

прови́деть (provídetʹ, “to foresee”) (past passive participle прови́денный (provídennyj)) + -е́ние (-énije) → провиде́ние (providénije, “Providence”)

обсуди́ть (obsudítʹ, “to discuss”) (past passive participle обсуждённый (obsuždjónnyj)) + -е́ние (-énije) → обсужде́ние (obsuždénije, “discussion”)

напра́вить (naprávitʹ, “to direct”) (past passive participle напра́вленный (naprávlennyj)) + -е́ние (-énije) → направле́ние (napravlénije, “direction”)

расти́ (rastí, “to grow, to sprout”) (third person singular растёт (rastjót)) + -е́ние (-énije) → расте́ние (rasténije, “plant”)

течь (tečʹ, “to flow”) (third person singular течёт (tečót)) + -е́ние (-énije) → тече́ние (tečénije, “current, flow”)

сжечь (sžečʹ, “to burn up”) (third person singular сожжёт (sožžót)) + -е́ние (-énije) → сожже́ние (sožžénije, “burning up”)

уме́ть (umétʹ, “to be able”) + -е́ние (-énije) → уме́ние (uménije, “ability”)


-εύς

grc-noun

-εύς • (-eús) m (genitive -έως); third declension

-eús (romanization)
-έως (genitive)
ὁ -εύς (nominative singular)
τὼ -ῆ (dual nominative)
οἱ -ῆς (nominative plural)
-εῖς (nominative plural)
τοῦ -έως (genitive singular)
τοῖν -έοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν -έων (genitive plural)
τῷ -εῖ (dative singular)
τοῖν -έοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς -εῦσῐ (dative plural)
-εῦσῐν (dative plural)
toîs -eûsĭ (dative plural)
toîs -eûsĭn (dative plural)
τὸν -έᾱ (accusative singular)
τὼ -ῆ (accusative dual)
τοὺς -έᾱς (accusative plural)
-εῦ (singular vocative)
-ῆ (dual vocative)
-ῆς (plural vocative)
-εῖς (plural vocative)
-εύς (nominative singular)
-ῆε (dual nominative)
-ῆες (nominative plural)
-ῆος (genitive singular)
-έος (genitive singular)
-ήοιῐν (dual genitive)
-ήων (genitive plural)
-ῆῐ̈ (dative singular)
-έῐ̈ (dative singular)
-ήοιῐν (dative dual)
-ήεσσῐ (dative plural)
-ήεσσῐν (dative plural)
-εῦσῐ (dative plural)
-εῦσῐν (dative plural)
-ḗessĭ (dative plural)
-ḗessĭn (dative plural)
-eûsĭ (dative plural)
-eûsĭn (dative plural)
-ῆᾰ (accusative singular)
-έᾰ (accusative singular)
-ῆε (accusative dual)
-ῆᾰς (accusative plural)
-εῦ (singular vocative)
-ῆε (dual vocative)
-ῆες (plural vocative)

Added to an ancestor's or place name to form a demonym: -ian


-ια

-ῐᾰ • (-ĭă) f (genitive -ῐ́ᾱς); first declension

-ῐᾰ (canonical)
-ĭă (romanization)
-ῐ́ᾱς (genitive)
-ῐᾰ (nominative singular)
-ῐᾱ (dual nominative)
-ῐαι (nominative plural)
-ῐᾱς (genitive singular)
-ῐαιν (dual genitive)
-ῐῶν (genitive plural)
-ῐᾳ (dative singular)
-ῐαιν (dative dual)
-ῐαις (dative plural)
-ῐᾰν (accusative singular)
-ῐᾱ (accusative dual)
-ῐᾱς (accusative plural)
-ῐᾰ (singular vocative)
-ῐᾱ (dual vocative)
-ῐαι (plural vocative)
-ῐᾰ (nominative singular)
-ῐᾱ (dual nominative)
-ῐαι (nominative plural)
-ῐης (genitive singular)
-ῐαιν (dual genitive)
-ῐαιῐν (dual genitive)
-ῐῃῐν (dual genitive)
-ĭain (dual genitive)
-ĭaiĭn (dual genitive)
-ĭēiĭn (dual genitive)
-ῐᾱ́ων (genitive plural)
-ῐέ͜ων (genitive plural)
-ῐῶν (genitive plural)
-ῐῃ (dative singular)
-ῐαιν (dative dual)
-ῐαιῐν (dative dual)
-ῐῃῐν (dative dual)
-ĭain (dative dual)
-ĭaiĭn (dative dual)
-ĭēiĭn (dative dual)
-ῐῃσῐ (dative plural)
-ῐῃσῐν (dative plural)
-ῐῃς (dative plural)
-ῐαις (dative plural)
-ĭēisĭ (dative plural)
-ĭēisĭn (dative plural)
-ĭēis (dative plural)
-ĭais (dative plural)
-ῐᾰν (accusative singular)
-ῐᾱ (accusative dual)
-ῐᾱς (accusative plural)
-ῐᾰ (singular vocative)
-ῐᾱ (dual vocative)
-ῐαι (plural vocative)
-ῐᾰ (nominative singular)
-ῐᾱ (dual nominative)
-ῐαι (nominative plural)
-ῐης (genitive singular)
-ῐαιν (dual genitive)
-ῐέων (genitive plural)
-ῐῶν (genitive plural)
-ῐῃ (dative singular)
-ῐαιν (dative dual)
-ῐῃσῐ (dative plural)
-ῐῃσῐν (dative plural)
-ĭēisĭ (dative plural)
-ĭēisĭn (dative plural)
-ῐᾰν (accusative singular)
-ῐᾱ (accusative dual)
-ῐᾱς (accusative plural)
-ῐᾰ (singular vocative)
-ῐᾱ (dual vocative)
-ῐαι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂ ~ *-yéh₂s, related to -ίᾱ (-íā) (from Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂). Cognate with Latin -ia. In some contexts, (e.g. in words like ἀλήθεια (alḗtheia) and πᾰρᾰ́νοιᾰ (părắnoiă)) the use of this suffix may have been an innovative replacement of earlier formations in -ίᾱ (-íā) (which was kept or changed to -ίη (-íē) in some dialects).
After a consonant, the vowel *i changed to a semivowel *y and triggered palatalization in Proto-Greek, resulting in many nouns and adjectives ending in -σσᾰ (-ssă), -ττᾰ (-ttă), -ζᾰ (-ză). It also undergoes metathesis, resulting in -ιρᾰ (-iră), and -ινᾰ (-ină).

ᾰ̓ληθής (ălēthḗs, “true”) + -ῐᾰ (-ĭă) → ᾰ̓λήθειᾰ (ălḗtheiă, “truth”)

Suffix added to the stems of adjectives in -ής (-ḗs) to form abstract nouns


-στης

-στης • (-stēs) m (genitive -στου); first declension

-stēs (romanization)
-στου (genitive)
-στης (nominative singular)
-στᾱ (dual nominative)
-σται (nominative plural)
-στου (genitive singular)
-σταιν (dual genitive)
-στῶν (genitive plural)
-στῃ (dative singular)
-σταιν (dative dual)
-σταις (dative plural)
-στην (accusative singular)
-στᾱ (accusative dual)
-στᾱς (accusative plural)
-στᾰ (singular vocative)
-στᾱ (dual vocative)
-σται (plural vocative)

Alternative form of -της (-tēs) or -τής (-tḗs, masculine suffix), with a sigma σ added by rebracketing of agent nouns from verbs in -άζω (-ázō). Used on stems ending in α, such as δυνά-στης (duná-stēs) from δύνα-μαι (dúna-mai).


-σκω

-skō (romanization)
-σκω (active first-person indicative singular)
-σκεις (active indicative second-person singular)
-σκει (active indicative singular third-person)
-σκετον (active dual indicative second-person)
-σκετον (active dual indicative third-person)
-σκομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
-σκετε (active indicative plural second-person)
-σκουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
-σκουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
-σκω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-σκῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-σκῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-σκητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-σκητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
-σκωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-σκητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-σκωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-σκωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-σκοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
-σκοις (active optative second-person singular)
-σκοι (active optative singular third-person)
-σκοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
-σκοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
-σκοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
-σκοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
-σκοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
-σκε (active imperative second-person singular)
-σκέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
-σκετον (active dual imperative second-person)
-σκέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
-σκετε (active imperative plural second-person)
-σκόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
-σκομαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
-σκῃ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
-σκει (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
-σκεται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
-σκεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
-σκεσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
-σκόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
-σκεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
-σκονται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
-σκωμαι (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
-σκῃ (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-σκηται (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-σκησθον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
-σκησθον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
-σκώμεθᾰ (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
-σκησθε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-σκωνται (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-σκοίμην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
-σκοιο (middle optative passive second-person singular)
-σκοιτο (middle optative passive singular third-person)
-σκοισθον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
-σκοίσθην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
-σκοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative passive plural)
-σκοισθε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
-σκοιντο (middle optative passive plural third-person)
-σκου (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
-σκέσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
-σκεσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
-σκέσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
-σκεσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
-σκέσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
-σκειν (active infinitive)
-σκεσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
-σκων (active masculine participle)
-σκόμενος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
-σκουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
-σκομένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
-σκον (active neuter participle)
-σκόμενον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
-σκον (active first-person indicative singular)
-σκες (active indicative second-person singular)
-σκε (active indicative singular third-person)
-σκεν (active indicative singular third-person)
-σκετον (active dual indicative second-person)
-σκέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
-σκομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
-σκετε (active indicative plural second-person)
-σκον (active indicative plural third-person)
-σκόμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
-σκου (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
-σκετο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
-σκεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
-σκέσθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
-σκόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
-σκεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
-σκοντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)

From Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti, inchoative or inceptive suffix.

Primitive suffix used to form present-tense stems, very rarely associated with the inchoative meaning of becoming


xéiri-

From Ancient Greek ξηρός (xērós, “dry”).


-kaps

-kaps (nominative singular)
-kapes (nominative plural)
-kaps (singular vocative)
-kapes (plural vocative)
-kapem (accusative singular)
-kapens (accusative plural)
-kapes (genitive singular)
-kapos (genitive singular)
-kapom (genitive plural)
-kapei (dative singular)
-kapβos (dative plural)
-kapi? -kape? (ablative singular)
-kapβos (ablative plural)
-kapi? -kape? (locative singular)
-kapβos (locative plural)
-kaps (masculine nominative singular)
-kaps (feminine nominative singular)
-kap (neuter nominative singular)
-kaps (masculine singular vocative)
-kaps (feminine singular vocative)
-kap (neuter singular vocative)
-kapem (accusative masculine singular)
-kapem (accusative feminine singular)
-kap (accusative neuter singular)
-kapes (genitive masculine singular)
-kapos (genitive masculine singular)
-kapes (feminine genitive singular)
-kapos (feminine genitive singular)
-kapes (genitive neuter singular)
-kapos (genitive neuter singular)
-kapei (dative masculine singular)
-kapei (dative feminine singular)
-kapei (dative neuter singular)
-kapi? -kape? (ablative masculine singular)
-kapi? -kape? (ablative feminine singular)
-kapi? -kape? (ablative neuter singular)
-kapi? -kape? (locative masculine singular)
-kapi? -kape? (feminine locative singular)
-kapi? -kape? (locative neuter singular)
-kapes (masculine nominative plural)
-kapes (feminine nominative plural)
-kapā (neuter nominative plural)
-kapes (masculine plural vocative)
-kapes (feminine plural vocative)
-kapā (neuter plural vocative)
-kapens (accusative masculine plural)
-kapens (accusative feminine plural)
-kapā (accusative neuter plural)
-kapom (genitive masculine plural)
-kapom (feminine genitive plural)
-kapom (genitive neuter plural)
-kapəβos (dative masculine plural)
-kapβos (dative feminine plural)
-kapβos (dative neuter plural)
-kapəβos (ablative masculine plural)
-kapβos (ablative feminine plural)
-kapβos (ablative neuter plural)
-kapəβos (locative masculine plural)
-kapβos (feminine locative plural)
-kapβos (locative neuter plural)

Latin: -ceps

-catcher (as a noun), -catching (as an adjective)


-eō

-eō (active first-person indicative present singular)
-eōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
-ēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
-ēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
-ēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
-ētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
-ēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
-ēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
-ētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
-ēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
-eont (active indicative plural present third-person)
-eontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
-eām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
-eār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
-eās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
-eāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
-eād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
-eātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
-eāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
-eāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
-eātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
-eām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
-eānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
-eāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
-sai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
-sistai (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
-se (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
-sed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
-somos (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
-sistes (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
-sēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
-ē (active imperative present second-person singular)
-ēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
-ēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
-ētōd (active future imperative)
-ēnts (present)
-tos (past)
-tum (tu-derivative)
-ēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: -eō, -ēre (second conjugation)

From earlier *-ejō, from Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti (causative) in which the first person singular ended in *-éyoh₂. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-janą, Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éiˀtei (whence Proto-Slavic *-iti).

Forms causative verbs from basic (3rd conjugation) verbs.


-tāts

-tāts (nominative singular)
-tātes (nominative plural)
-tāts (singular vocative)
-tātes (plural vocative)
-tātem (accusative singular)
-tātens (accusative plural)
-tātes (genitive singular)
-tātos (genitive singular)
-tātom (genitive plural)
-tātei (dative singular)
-tātβos (dative plural)
-tāti? -tāte? (ablative singular)
-tātβos (ablative plural)
-tāti? -tāte? (locative singular)
-tātβos (locative plural)

Latin: -tās (see there for further descendants)

desc

⇒ *herent-tāts f (“Herentas, an Italic goddess”, noun)

Paelignian: (nom.sg.) herentas

Oscan:

(gen.sg.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌉𐌔 (herentateis), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌕𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌔 (herettates)

(dat.sg.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝 (herentateí), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌉 (heretatei)

⇒ *louðor-tāts f (“liberty”, noun)

Latin: libertas

Faliscan: 𐌋𐌏𐌉𐌅𐌉𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌏 (loifirtato)

aiwom (“age”) > *aiwotāts (“age”)

juwenis (“young”) > *juwentāts (“youth”)

nogʷedos (“naked”) > *nogʷetāts (“nudity”)

seɣwēros (“severe”) > *seɣwērotāts (“severity”)

wēros (“true”) > *wērotāts (“truth”)

used to form nouns representing state of being


acet-

Alternative spelling of aceto-, used before vowels.


acr-

Alternative spelling of acro-, used before a vowel.


andr-

Alternative form of andro-, used before vowels


anthrop-

Alternative form of anthropo-, used before vowels.


-δην

Added to verbal nouns or the roots of verbs to form a deverbal adverb


-ος

grc-noun

-ος • (-os) m (genitive -ου); second declension

From Proto-Hellenic *-os, from Proto-Indo-European *-os. Cognate with the Latin masculine -us (from Old Latin and Proto-Italic *-os both in names and adjectives).

Added to verbal roots to form an o-grade action noun.


-foros

-feros (masculine nominative singular)
-ferā (feminine nominative singular)
-ferom (neuter nominative singular)
-fere (masculine singular vocative)
-fera (feminine singular vocative)
-ferom (neuter singular vocative)
-ferom (accusative masculine singular)
-feram (accusative feminine singular)
-ferom (accusative neuter singular)
-ferosjo (genitive masculine singular)
-ferī (genitive masculine singular)
-ferās (feminine genitive singular)
-ferosjo (genitive neuter singular)
-ferī (genitive neuter singular)
-ferōi (dative masculine singular)
-ferāi (dative feminine singular)
-ferōi (dative neuter singular)
-ferōd (ablative masculine singular)
-ferād (ablative feminine singular)
-ferōd (ablative neuter singular)
-ferei (locative masculine singular)
-ferāi (feminine locative singular)
-ferei (locative neuter singular)
-ferōs (masculine nominative plural)
-feroi (masculine nominative plural)
-ferās (feminine nominative plural)
-ferā (neuter nominative plural)
-ferōs (masculine plural vocative)
-feroi (masculine plural vocative)
-ferās (feminine plural vocative)
-ferā (neuter plural vocative)
-ferons (accusative masculine plural)
-ferans (accusative feminine plural)
-ferā (accusative neuter plural)
-ferom (genitive masculine plural)
-ferāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
-ferom (genitive neuter plural)
-ferois (dative masculine plural)
-ferais (dative feminine plural)
-ferois (dative neuter plural)
-ferois (ablative masculine plural)
-ferais (ablative feminine plural)
-ferois (ablative neuter plural)
-ferois (locative masculine plural)
-ferais (feminine locative plural)
-ferois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: -fer (-ifer)


-chruthach

nominative (positive)
-chruthach (masculine singular)
-chruthacha (plural)
vocative (positive)
genitive (positive)
-chruthaí (feminine singular)
-chruthacha (plural strong)
-chruthach (plural weak)
dative (positive)
-chruthach (feminine singular)
-chruthaigh (archaic feminine singular)
níos -chruthaí (comparative)
is -chruthaí (superlative)

From cruth (“shape”) + -ach (adjectival suffix).


hoʻo-

From Proto-Polynesian *faka. Cognate to Tahitian haʻa-, Maori whaka-, etc.

malu (“safe”) → hoʻomalu (“to protect; to appease”)

ākea (“broad”) → hoʻākea (“to broaden”)


-евый

-evyj (romanization)
-евый (masculine nominative)
-евое (neuter nominative)
-евая (feminine nominative)
-евые (nominative plural)
-евого (genitive masculine neuter)
-евой (feminine genitive)
-евых (genitive plural)
-евому (dative masculine neuter)
-евой (dative feminine)
-евым (dative plural)
-евого (accusative animate masculine)
-евое (accusative neuter)
-евую (accusative feminine)
-евых (accusative animate plural)
-евый (accusative inanimate masculine)
-евые (accusative inanimate plural)
-евым (instrumental masculine neuter)
-евой (feminine instrumental)
-евою (feminine instrumental)
-евыми (instrumental plural)
-евом (masculine neuter prepositional)
-евой (feminine prepositional)
-евых (plural prepositional)

ви́шня (víšnja, “cherry”) + -евый (-evyj) → ви́шневый (víšnevyj, “cherry”) (dated, relational)

suffixed used to form adjectives from nouns, often specifically relational