-ко

-ко (canonical)
-ко ́ (canonical)
-ko (romanization)
-kó (romanization)
-ко (nominative singular)
-ко́ (nominative singular)
-ки (irregular nominative plural)
-ки́ (irregular nominative plural)
-ка (genitive singular)
-ка́ (genitive singular)
-ок (genitive plural)
-о́к (genitive plural)
-ку (dative singular)
-ку́ (dative singular)
-кам (dative plural)
-ка́м (dative plural)
-ко (accusative singular)
-ко́ (accusative singular)
-ки (accusative irregular plural)
-ки́ (accusative irregular plural)
-ком (instrumental singular)
-ко́м (instrumental singular)
-ками (instrumental plural)
-ка́ми (instrumental plural)
-ке (prepositional singular)
-ке́ (prepositional singular)
-ках (plural prepositional)
-ка́х (plural prepositional)

я́блоко (jábloko, “apple”) + -ко (-ko) → я́блочко (jábločko, “small apple”)

пи́во (pívo, “beer”) + -ко́ (-kó) → пивко́ (pivkó, “beer”)

се́рдце (sérdce, “heart”) + -ко (-ko) → серде́чко (serdéčko, “small heart; heart symbol”)

ведро́ (vedró, “bucket”) + -ко (-ko) → ведёрко (vedjórko, “small bucket, small pail”)

тихо́нько (tixónʹko, “quiet”) + -ко (-ko) → тихо́нечко (tixónečko, “very quiet”)

солове́й (solovéj, “nightingale”) + -ко (-ko) → солове́йко (solovéjko, “small nightingale”)

Creates diminutives of normally neuter nouns and adverbs, normally having a colloquial register.


-иња

Suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun, denoting a profession, social status, kinship or to form a pejorative.


-иво

Suffix appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually denoting a material or an object.


-ич

-ič (romanization)
-ич (nominative singular)
-ичи (nominative plural)
-ича (genitive singular)
-ичей (genitive plural)
-ичу (dative singular)
-ичам (dative plural)
-ича (accusative singular)
-ичей (accusative plural)
-ичем (instrumental singular)
-ичами (instrumental plural)
-иче (prepositional singular)
-ичах (plural prepositional)

Inherited from Old East Slavic -ичь (-ičĭ), from Proto-Slavic *-iťь.

inh+

И́горь (Ígorʹ, “Igor”) + -ич (-ič) → И́горич (Ígorič, “son of Igor”)

Тимофе́й (Timoféj, “Timothy”) + -ич (-ič) → Тимофе́ич (Timoféič, “son of Timothy”)

A masculine patronymic suffix added to a given name ending in a soft (palatalized) consonant: son of


-ње

чита (čita, “to read”) + -ње (-nje) → читање (čitanje, “reading”)

пишува (pišuva, “to write”) + -ње (-nje) → пишување (pišuvanje, “writing”)

пее (pee, “to sing”) + -ње (-nje) → пеење (peenje, “singing”)

учи (uči, “to learn”) + -ње (-nje) → учење (učenje, “learning”)

Suffix appended to verbs to create a neuter verbal noun.


-ота

гроз- (groz-, “disgusting”) + -ота (-ota) → грозота (grozota, “disgustingness”)

добр- (dobr-, “good”) + -ота (-ota) → доброта (dobrota, “goodness”)

Suffix appended to adjectives to create a feminine noun, usually an abstract noun denoting a quality.


-ота

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-ота́ • (-otá)

-ота ́ (canonical)
-otá (romanization)
-ота́ (nominative singular)
-о́ты (nominative plural)
-оты́ (genitive singular)
-о́т (genitive plural)
-оте́ (dative singular)
-о́там (dative plural)
-оту́ (accusative singular)
-о́ты (accusative plural)
-ото́й (instrumental singular)
-ото́ю (instrumental singular)
-о́тами (instrumental plural)
-оте́ (prepositional singular)
-о́тах (plural prepositional)

хри́п(лый) (xríp(lyj), “hoarse”) + -ота́ (-otá) → хрипота́ (xripotá, “hoarseness”)

кра́с(ный) (krás(nyj), “beautiful”) (poetic) + -ота́ (-otá) → красота́ (krasotá, “beauty”)

пусто́й (pustój, “empty”) + -ота́ (-otá) → пустота́ (pustotá, “emptiness”)


-ота

-о́та (canonical)
-ота (canonical)
-óta (romanization)
-ota (romanization)
-о́та (nominative singular)
-о́ты (nominative plural)
-о́ты (genitive singular)
-о́т (genitive plural)
-о́те (dative singular)
-о́там (dative plural)
-о́ту (accusative singular)
-о́ты (accusative plural)
-о́той (instrumental singular)
-о́тою (instrumental singular)
-о́тами (instrumental plural)
-о́те (prepositional singular)
-о́тах (plural prepositional)

дрема́ть (dremátʹ, “to sleep”) + -о́та (-óta) → дремо́та (dremóta, “drowsiness”)

лома́ть (lomátʹ, “to ache”) + -о́та (-óta) → ломо́та (lomóta, “aching, pain”)

паха́ть (paxátʹ, “to plow”) + -ота (-ota) → па́хота (páxota, “plowing, plowed field”)

Suffix appended to verbs to create a feminine noun, usually an abstract noun denoting a quality.


-ота

-ота ́ (canonical)
-otá (romanization)
-ота́ (nominative singular)
-о́ти (nominative plural)
-оти́ (genitive singular)
-о́т (genitive plural)
-оті́ (dative singular)
-о́там (dative plural)
-оту́ (accusative singular)
-о́ти (accusative plural)
-ото́ю (instrumental singular)
-о́тами (instrumental plural)
-оті́ (locative singular)
-о́тах (locative plural)
-о́то (singular vocative)
-о́ти (plural vocative)

Suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun, usually an abstract noun denoting a quality.


-еж

крпеж, трпеж, јадеж, бодеж, свиреж, грабеж, стремеж

Suffix appended to imperfective verbs to create a masculine noun usually denoting action, but also objects or tools.


-уша

де̏вер → девѐруша

ке̑р → кѐруша

кро̀мпӣр → кромпѝруша

навла́чити → навла̀куша

намиги́вати → намѝгуша

подриги́вати → подрѝгуша

потр̀кати → потр̀куша

са̀чекати → сачѐкуша

си̏ктер → сиктѐруша

спо̏нзор → спонзо̀руша

торо̀кати → торо̀куша

чегр̀тати → чегр̀туша

Appended to words to create a feminine noun, usually denoting a complexion, animal or plant, or to form a pejorative.


-ан

ӱп (üp, “hair”) + -ан (-an) → ӱпан (üpan, “-haired”)


-ан

Suffix appended to words to create an adjective or a male given name.


-ан

-а́н • (-án)

друг (drug, “friend”) + -а́н (-án) → друга́н (drugán, “friend, mate”) (familiar)

стари́к (starík, “old man”) + -а́н (-án) → старика́н (starikán, “old man”) (colloquial, familiar)

(colloquial) added to a noun stem, produces a masculine noun with emotional colouring/coloring


-атор

-а́тор • (-átor)

-а́тор (canonical)
-átor (romanization)
-а́тор (nominative singular)
-а́торы (nominative plural)
-а́тора (genitive singular)
-а́торов (genitive plural)
-а́тору (dative singular)
-а́торам (dative plural)
-а́тора (accusative animate singular)
-а́торов (accusative animate plural)
-а́тор (accusative inanimate singular)
-а́торы (accusative inanimate plural)
-а́тором (instrumental singular)
-а́торами (instrumental plural)
-а́торе (prepositional singular)
-а́торах (plural prepositional)

Borrowed from Latin -ātor, from -tor added to verbs in -āre. Influenced by French -ateur, itself a borrowing from the same Latin suffix.

декори́ровать (dekorírovatʹ, “to decorate”) + -а́тор (-átor) → декора́тор (dekorátor, “decorator”)

эксплуати́ровать (ekspluatírovatʹ, “to exploit”) + -а́тор (-átor) → эксплуата́тор (ekspluatátor, “exploiter”)

экзаменова́ть (ekzamenovátʹ, “to test (with an exam)”) + -а́тор (-átor) → экзамена́тор (ekzamenátor, “examiner, tester (someone who administers an exam)”)

-и́ровать -ировать#Russian

-ирова́ть -ировать#Russian

-ова́ть -овать#Russian

Suffix used to form agent nouns (both animate and inanimate) from verbs in -и́ровать (-írovatʹ), -ирова́ть (-irovátʹ) and -ова́ть (-ovátʹ): -ator, -er


-ач

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ačь and Proto-Slavic *-(a)čь.

играя (igraja, “to play”) + -ач (-ač) → играч (igrač, “player”)

готвя (gotvja, “to cook”) + -ач (-ač) → готвач (gotvač, “cook, chef”)

копая (kopaja, “to dig”) + -ач (-ač) → копач (kopač, “digger”)

(productive) Forms agent nouns from verbs.


-ач

-ać (romanization)
-яч (soft stem variant)

Used to form nouns denoting (mostly animate) action nouns; -er


-ач

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-(a)čь (“agent noun”).

inh+

копа (kopa) + -ач (-ač) → копач (kopač)

мете (mete) + -ач (-ač) → метач (metač)

ора (ora) + -ач (-ač) → орач (orač)

води (vodi) + -ач (-ač) → водач (vodač)

готви (gotvi) + -ач (-ač) → готвач (gotvač)

(appended to imperfective verbs) A person that performs the action denoted by the verb.


-ач

Inherited from Old East Slavic -ачь (-ačĭ), from Proto-Slavic *-ačь.


-ач

From Old East Slavic -ачь (-ačĭ), from Proto-Slavic *-ačь.


-аш

пастеризова́ть (pasterizovát) + -аш (-aš) → пастеризоватлаш (pasterizovatlaš)


-аш

By hybridization of the inherited Proto-Slavic *-ašь (as in бога̀та̄ш (“rich man”), from *bogatašь) and the borrowed Hungarian -ás (as in па̏прика̄ш, from paprikás).

на̏фта + -аш → на̀фта̄ш

ло́ва + -аш → ло̀ва̄ш

Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a person who does something, performer, age, athlete, or a follower.


-ба

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic -ьба (-ĭba), from Proto-Slavic *-ьba.

мо́ля (mólja, “to ask; to beseech”) + -ба (-ba) → молба́ (molbá, “request; petition”)

творя́ (tvorjá, “to create”) + -ба (-ba) → творба́ (tvorbá, “piece of art or music; creation”)

крада́ (kradá, “to steal”) + -ба (-ba) → кра́жба (krážba, “theft”)

сват (svat, “matchmaker”) + -ба (-ba) → сва́тба (svátba, “wedding”)

врач (vrač, “fortune teller”) + -ба (-ba) → врачба́ (vračbá, “fortune-telling”)

гост (gost, “guest”) + -ба (-ba) → го́зба (gózba, “dish”) (originally, food served to guests)

Forms action nouns from verbs or other nouns.


-ба

дели (deli) + -ба (-ba) → делба (delba)

моли (moli) + -ба (-ba) → молба (molba)

гради (gradi) + -ба (-ba) → градба (gradba)

сретне (sretne) + -ба (-ba) → средба (sredba)

Suffix appended to verbs to create feminine nouns.


-ба

-ba (romanization)
-ба (nominative singular)
-бы (nominative plural)
-бы (genitive singular)
-б (genitive plural)
-бе (dative singular)
-бам (dative plural)
-бу (accusative singular)
-бы (accusative plural)
-бой (instrumental singular)
-бою (instrumental singular)
-бами (instrumental plural)
-бе (prepositional singular)
-бах (plural prepositional)

дру́жба

стрельба́


-енце

прст m (prst) + -енце (-ence) → прстенце n (prstence)

еж m (ež) + -енце (-ence) → еженце n (ežence)

кукла f (kukla) + -енце (-ence) → кукленце n (kuklence)

девојче n (devojče) + -енце (-ence) → девојченце n (devojčence)

писмо n (pismo) + -енце (-ence) → писменце n (pismence)

куче n (kuče) + -енце (-ence) → кученце n (kučence)

Appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually to form a diminutive or as an expression of endearment.


-ење

лет(ј)ети (“to fly”) → летење (“(the act of) flying”).

Suffix appended to verb roots to create a neuter verbal noun denoting an action or the result of an action. Analogous to English gerund suffix -ing.


-иште

ѕвериште, јуначиште, детиште, бабиште, носиште

Suffix appended to nouns to form augmentatives:


-лук

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ـلق (Turkish -luk).

кукавица (kukavica) + -лук (-luk) → кукавичлук (kukavičluk)

без (bez) + образ (obraz) + -лук (-luk) → безобразлук (bezobrazluk)

дуња (dunja) + -лук (-luk) → дуњалук (dunjaluk)

Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun.


-ло

ши́я (šíja, “to sew”) + -ло (-lo) → ши́ло (šílo, “awl”)

жи́ля (žílja, “to sting”) + -ло (-lo) → жи́ло (žílo, “stinger”)

ора́ (orá, “to plough”) + -ло (-lo) → ра́ло (rálo, “a plough”)

Forms deverbal nouns denoting a tool or instrument


-ло

брои (broi, “to count”) + -ло (-lo) → броило (broilo, “meter”)

вози (vozi, “to drive”) + -ло (-lo) → возило (vozilo, “vehicle”)

лепи (lepi, “to stick, to glue”) + -ло (-lo) → лепило (lepilo, “glue”)

лета (leta, “to fly”) + -ло (-lo) → летало (letalo, “aircraft (any flying machine), kite”)

Suffix appended to verbs to create a neuter noun.


-ло

-ло (canonical)
-ло ́ (canonical)
-lo (romanization)
-ló (romanization)
-ло (nominative singular)
-ло́ (nominative singular)
-ла (nominative plural)
-ла́ (nominative plural)
-ла (genitive singular)
-ла́ (genitive singular)
-л (genitive plural)
-лу (dative singular)
-лу́ (dative singular)
-лам (dative plural)
-ла́м (dative plural)
-ло (accusative singular)
-ло́ (accusative singular)
-ла (accusative plural)
-ла́ (accusative plural)
-лом (instrumental singular)
-ло́м (instrumental singular)
-лами (instrumental plural)
-ла́ми (instrumental plural)
-ле (prepositional singular)
-ле́ (prepositional singular)
-лах (plural prepositional)
-ла́х (plural prepositional)

точи́ть (točítʹ, “to sharpen, to hone”) + -ло (-lo) → точи́ло (točílo, “whetstone, grindstone”)

ора́ть (orátʹ, “to plow”) + -ло (-lo) → ора́ло (orálo, “plowshare”) (archaic)

мыть (mytʹ, “to wash”) + -ло (-lo) → мы́ло (mýlo, “soap”)

скреб- (skreb-, “to scrape”) + -ло́ (-ló) → скребло́ (skrebló, “scraper”)

ме́рить (méritʹ, “to measure”) + -ло (-lo) → мери́ло (merílo, “standard, criterion; measure”)

Suffix appended to verbs to create a neuter noun, normally denoting a tool.

буха́ть (buxátʹ, “to booze, to drink”) (colloquial) + -ло́ (-ló) → бухло́ (buxló, “booze, alcoholic drinks”) (colloquial)

треп(а́ться) (trep(átʹsja), “to blab, to blabber”) (colloquial) + -ло́ (-ló) → трепло́ (trepló, “garrulous person, boastful person, liar”) (colloquial)

еба́ть (jebátʹ, “to fuck”) (vulgar) + -ло (-lo) → еба́ло (jebálo, “face, mug”) (vulgar)

ба́б(ки) (báb(ki), “money”) (slang) + -ло́ (-ló) → бабло́ (babló, “money, dough”) (slang)

Suffix appended to verbs or sometimes other words to create a colloquial or slang neuter noun with various meanings.


-лиште

и́гра (ígra, “to play”) + -лиште (-lište) → игра́лиште (igrálište, “playground”)

пли́ва (plíva, “to swim”) + -лиште (-lište) → плива́лиште (pliválište, “swimming pool”)

у́чи (úči, “to learn”) + -лиште (-lište) → учи́лиште (učílište, “school”)

Suffix appended to verbs to create a neuter noun, usually denoting a place where an action occurs.


-ьstvo

-ьstvo (nominative singular)
-ьstvě (dual nominative)
-ьstva (nominative plural)
-ьstva (genitive singular)
-ьstvu (dual genitive)
-ьstvъ (genitive plural)
-ьstvu (dative singular)
-ьstvoma (dative dual)
-ьstvomъ (dative plural)
-ьstvo (accusative singular)
-ьstvě (accusative dual)
-ьstva (accusative plural)
-ьstvъmь (instrumental singular)
-ьstvomь (instrumental singular)
-ьstvoma (dual instrumental)
-ьstvy (instrumental plural)
-ьstvě (locative singular)
-ьstvu (dual locative)
-ьstvěxъ (locative plural)
-ьstvo (singular vocative)
-ьstvě (dual vocative)
-ьstva (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ьство (-ĭstvo)

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Belarusian: -ства (-stva), -ство́ (-stvó)

Russian: -ство (-stvo)

Ukrainian: -ство (-stvo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: -ьство (-ĭstvo)

Glagolitic: ⱐⱄⱅⰲⱁ (ĭstvo)

Bulgarian: -ство (-stvo)

Macedonian: -ство (-stvo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ство

Latin script: -stvo

Slovene: -stvo

West Slavic:

Czech: -stvo, -ství

desctree

Old Polish: -stwo
Polish: -stwo
Silesian: -stwo

Slovak: -stvo

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: -stwo

Slovincian: -stwô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -stwo

Upper Sorbian: -stwo

Borrowings:

desc

→ Yiddish: ־סטווע (-stve) (via Belarusian, Polish, Russian, and Ukrainian)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-istwa, from Proto-Indo-European *-twom. See also *-tvo.
Compare Sanskrit -त्व (-tva, “-ness, -hood”).

bogatъ (“rich, wealth”) → *bogatьstvo (“wealth, fortune; richness”)

lǫkavъ (“evil, cunning”) → *lǫkavьstvo (“wickedness, cunningness”)

mъnogъ (“many”) → *mъnožьstvo (“multitude, crowd”)

Deadjectival, forming nouns denoting a condition or state. Equivalent of English -hood, -ness.

gospodь (“lord, master”) → *gospodьstvo (“power, rule, government”)

děva (“maiden, virgin”) → *děvьstvo (“virginity, purity”)

mǫžь (“man, husband”) → *mǫžьstvo (“masculinity, manhood”)

Denominal, forming nouns denoting a performance or carrying of action. Equivalent of English -hood, -ness.

dějati (“to do, act”) → *dějьstvo (“performance, operation”)

čuti (“to feel, perceive”) → *čujьstvo, *čuvьstvo (“feeling, emotion”)

Deverbal, forming nouns denoting an action. Equivalent of English -hood, -ness.


-чић

Re-analysed from diminutives in -ић of nouns words ending in -к, -ац, -ач.

Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually to form a diminutive or to denote a family name.


-онок

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-о́нок • (-ónok)

-о́нок (canonical)
-ónok (romanization)
-о́нок (nominative singular)
-а́та (irregular nominative plural)
-о́нка (genitive singular)
-а́т (genitive irregular plural)
-о́нку (dative singular)
-а́там (dative irregular plural)
-о́нка (accusative singular)
-а́т (accusative irregular plural)
-о́нком (instrumental singular)
-а́тами (instrumental irregular plural)
-о́нке (prepositional singular)
-а́тах (irregular plural prepositional)

Alternative form of -ёнок (-jónok) (used after the hushing consonants ч ж ш щ)


-ёнок

-jónok (romanization)
-ёнок (nominative singular)
-я́та (nominative plural)
-ёнка (genitive singular)
-я́т (genitive plural)
-ёнку (dative singular)
-я́там (dative plural)
-ёнка (accusative singular)
-я́т (accusative plural)
-ёнком (instrumental singular)
-я́тами (instrumental plural)
-ёнке (prepositional singular)
-я́тах (plural prepositional)

пацанёнок

негритёнок


-gans

Added to adjectives to form "weakened" adjectives, less intense or less prototypical than the original adjectives (like English -ish).


-mënter

From Latin mente, ablative singular of mēns (“mind”).

generalmënter (“generally”)

Used to form adverbs from adjectives, compare English -wise, -ly or -ally.


-poda

New Latin, from Ancient Greek, plural of πούς (poús, “foot”)

Used to form taxonomic names of a rank higher than genus of animals having feet or foot-like parts


vi-

Inherited from Sanskrit वि- (vi-), from वि (vi).


w-

w- + stać → wstać


-ta-

Proto-Samoyedic: *-tå-, ? *-rå-

Ugric:

Hungarian: -z

Mansi:

Eastern Mansi: [script needed] (-t-)

Khanty:

Eastern Khanty: [script needed] (-t-)

Proto-Permic: *-atni (see there for further descendants)

Mari:

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Eastern Mari: -едаш (-jedaš), -даш (-daš), -таш (-taš) (stem -(е)де-, -те-)

Western Mari: -едӓш (-jedäš), -дӓш (-däš), -тӓш (-täš) (stem -(е)де-, -те-)

Proto-Mordvinic: *-dams, *-dəms, *-ďəms (stem *-da-/*-də-/-ďə-)

Erzya: -дамс (-dams), -домс (-doms), -демс (-ďems)

Moksha: -дамс (-dams), -домс (-doms), -демс (-ďems)

*-tadak<qq:stem <i class="Latn mention" lang="urj-fin-pro">*-ta-</i>>

*-t'ak<id:causative><qq:stem <i class="Latn mention" lang="urj-fin-pro">*-da-</i>>

Proto-Finnic: *-tadak (stem *-ta-), *-t'ak (stem *-da-)

Proto-Samic: *-tētēk (stem *-tē-/*-tā-)

Khanty:

Eastern Khanty: -та (-ta)

>? Proto-Mordvinic: *-də

>? Erzya: -до (-do)

>? Moksha: -да (-da)

Proto-Finnic: *-dak (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Samic: *-tēk (see there for further descendants)


pos-

pos- + domani (“tomorrow”) → posdomani (“the day after tomorrow, overmorrow”)


-čuga

-чуга (Cyrillic)
-čuga (nominative singular)
-čuge (nominative plural)
-čuge (genitive singular)
-čuga (genitive plural)
-čugi (genitive plural)
-čugi (dative singular)
-čugama (dative plural)
-čugu (accusative singular)
-čuge (accusative plural)
-čugo (singular vocative)
-čuge (plural vocative)
-čugi (locative singular)
-čugama (locative plural)
-čugom (instrumental singular)
-čugama (instrumental plural)

First attested in the late 1970s. According to Babić, it has spread from the word cr̀nčuga (“nigger”) (originally formed as crnc- + -juga), which was reanalyzed by native speakers as if being composed of cȓn (“black”) + -čuga. The word cr̀nčuga was the most common pejorative in subtitled American films and television as shown on Yugoslav television stations, acting as a calque for the English word nigger. From there, the suffix became productive, forming new nouns with similar pejorative connotations.

kȁmēn → kamenčuga

cȓn → cr̀nčuga

pȋvo → pivčuga

Suffix appended to nominal stems to a create a noun, usually an augmentative with pejorative connotations.


-чуга

-čuga (romanization)
-чуга (nominative singular)
-чуге (nominative plural)
-чуге (genitive singular)
-чуга (genitive plural)
-чуги (genitive plural)
-чуги (dative singular)
-чугама (dative plural)
-чугу (accusative singular)
-чуге (accusative plural)
-чуго (singular vocative)
-чуге (plural vocative)
-чуги (locative singular)
-чугама (locative plural)
-чугом (instrumental singular)
-чугама (instrumental plural)

sh-decl-noun

-чуга / -чуги

First attested in the late 1970s. According to Babić, it has spread from the word цр̀нчуга (“nigger”) (originally formed as црнц- + -југа), which was reanalyzed by native speakers as if being composed of цр̑н (“black”) + -чуга. The word цр̀нчуга was the most common pejorative in subtitled American movies shown on television, acting as a translation for the English word nigger. From there, the suffix has spread forming other words, built on a similar pattern, and with similar pejorative connotations.

ка̏ме̄н → каменчуга

цр̑н → цр̀нчуга

пи̑во → пивчуга


-ьnъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *-ьnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *-ьnъ (hard)

-ьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
-ьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
-ьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
-ьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
-ьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
-ьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
-ьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
-ьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
-ьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
-ьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
-ьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
-ьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
-ьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
-ьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
-ьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
-ьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
-ьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
-ьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
-ьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
-ьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
-ьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
-ьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
-ьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
-ьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
-ьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
-ьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
-ьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
-ьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
-ьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
-ьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
-ьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
-ьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
-ьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
-ьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
-ьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
-ьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
-ьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
-ьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
-ьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
-ьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
-ьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
-ьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
-ьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
-ьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
-ьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
-ьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
-ьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
-ьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
-ьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
-ьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
-ьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
-ьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
-ьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
-ьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
-ьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
-ьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
-ьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
-ьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
-ьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
-ьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
-ьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
-ьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
-ьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
-ьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
-ьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
-ьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
-ьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
-ьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
-ьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
-ьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
-ьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
-ьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
-ьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
-ьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
-ьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
-ьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
-ьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
-ьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
-ьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
-ьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
-ьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
-ьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
-ьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
-ьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
-ьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
-ьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
-ьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
-ьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
-ьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
-ьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
-ьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
-ьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
-ьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
-ьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
-ьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
-ьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
-ьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
-ьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
-ьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
-ьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
-ьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
-ьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
-ьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
-ьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
-ьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
-ьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
-ьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
-ьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
-ьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
-ьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
-ьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
-ьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
-ьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
-ьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
-ьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
-ьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
-ьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
-ьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
-ьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
-ьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
-ьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
-ьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
-ьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
-ьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
-ьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
-ьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ьнъ (-ĭnŭ)

Old Ruthenian: -ный (-nyj)

Belarusian: -ны (-ny)

Ukrainian: -ний (-nyj)

Russian: -ный (-nyj)

Old Novgorodian: -ьне (-ĭne)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -ьнъ (-ĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: -ен (-en), -ън (-ǎn) (Torlakian dialect)

Macedonian: -ен (-en)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ан

Latin script: -an

Slovene: -en

West Slavic:

Czech: -ný, -ní

Old Polish: -ny
Polish: -ny

Slovak: -ný, -ny

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: -ny

Slovincian: -ny

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: -ni

Lower Sorbian: -ny

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-inas, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. Cognate with Lithuanian -inas and Old Prussian -ins.

-ish, -ic, -al, -ed; having a particular quality of, pertaining to, associated with

bezbordьnъ < *bezbordъ

bezrǫčьnъ < *bezrǫkъ

besormьnъ < *besormъ

bezǫbьnъ < *bezǫbъ

domaťьnъ < *domaťь


-ěnъ

Indefinite declension of *-ěnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *-ěnъ (hard)

ěnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
ěna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
ěno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
ěna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
ěny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
ěna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
ěnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
ěně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
ěnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
ěnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
ěnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
ěno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
ěnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
ěnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
ěnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
ěně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
ěně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
ěně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
ěne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
ěno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
ěno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
ěna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
ěně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
ěně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
ěnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
ěnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
ěnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
ěnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
ěnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
ěnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
ěna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
ěně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
ěně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
ěnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
ěnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
ěnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
ěnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
ěnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
ěnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
ěna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
ěně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
ěně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
ěni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
ěny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
ěna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
ěnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
ěnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
ěnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
ěnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
ěnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
ěnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
ěny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
ěny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
ěna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
ěny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
ěnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
ěny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
ěněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
ěnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
ěněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
ěni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
ěny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
ěna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
ěnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
ěnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
ěnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
ěnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
ěnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
ěnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
ěnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
ěněji (dative definite feminine singular)
ěnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
ěnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
ěnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
ěnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
ěnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
ěnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
ěnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
ěnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
ěněji (definite feminine locative singular)
ěnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
ěnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
ěnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
ěnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
ěnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
ěněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
ěněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
ěnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
ěnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
ěnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
ěnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
ěnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
ěnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
ěnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
ěněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
ěněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
ěnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
ěnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
ěnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
ěnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
ěnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
ěnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
ěnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
ěněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
ěněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
ěniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
ěnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
ěnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
ěnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
ěnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
ěnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
ěnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
ěnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
ěnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
ěnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
ěnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
ěnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
ěnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
ěnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
ěnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
ěnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
ěnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
ěnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
ěniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
ěnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
ěnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: -ѣнъ (-jěnŭ), -ꙗнъ (-janŭ)

Old Ruthenian: -ꙗный (-janyj)

Ukrainian: -яний (-janyj)

Russian: -яно́й (-janój), -я́ный (-jányj); -я́нный (-jánnyj) (< *-ěnьnъ)

Old Novgorodian: -ѣне (-jěne)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: -ⱑⱀⱏ (-ěnŭ)

Old Cyrillic script: -ѣнъ (-ěnŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ен

Latin script: -en

Slovene: -en

West Slavic:

Czech: -ěný

Old Polish: -any

Polish: -any

Slovak: -ený

Taken from old consonantal stem nouns in *-en- with a generalized long grade. This is also suggested by the adjectives built from a */men/-stem nouns, e.g.
* *kamy (“stone”) → *kaměnъ (“stony, rocky, made of stone”) (and not **kameněnъ as in Bulgarian, for example)
* *polmy (“flame”) → *polměnъ (“fiery”) (and not **polmeněnъ as in Bulgarian, for example)

volsъ (“hair”) → *volsěnъ (“made of (horse) hair”)

dervo (“tree”) → *dervěnъ (“wooden, made of wood”)

lьnъ (“linen”) → *lьněnъ (“flaxen, linen”)

Forming adjectives meaning 'made of '; -en

děti, *dějati (“to do, make”) → *dobro-dějanъ (“virtuous”)

piti (“drink”) → *pьjanъ (“drunk”)


-ovъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *-ovъ (hard)

Definite declension of *-ovъ (hard)

-ovъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
-ova (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
-ovo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
-ova (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
-ovy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
-ova (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
-ovu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
-ově (dative feminine indefinite singular)
-ovu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
-ovъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
-ovǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
-ovo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
-ovomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
-ovojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
-ovomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
-ově (indefinite locative masculine singular)
-ově (feminine indefinite locative singular)
-ově (indefinite locative neuter singular)
-ove (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
-ovo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
-ovo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
-ova (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
-ově (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
-ově (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
-ovu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
-ovu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
-ovu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
-ovoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
-ovama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
-ovoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
-ova (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
-ově (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
-ově (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
-ovoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
-ovama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
-ovoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
-ovu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
-ovu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
-ovu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
-ova (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
-ově (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
-ově (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
-ovi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
-ovy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
-ova (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
-ovъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
-ovъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
-ovъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
-ovomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
-ovamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
-ovomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
-ovy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
-ovy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
-ova (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
-ovy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
-ovami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
-ovy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
-ověxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
-ovaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
-ověxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
-ovi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
-ovy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
-ova (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
-ovъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
-ovaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
-ovoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
-ovajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
-ovyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
-ovajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
-ovujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
-ověji (dative definite feminine singular)
-ovujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
-ovъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
-ovǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
-ovoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
-ovyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
-ovǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
-ovyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
-ovějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
-ověji (definite feminine locative singular)
-ovějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
-ovъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
-ovaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
-ovoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
-ovaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
-ověji (definite dual feminine nominative)
-ověji (definite dual neuter nominative)
-ovuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
-ovuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
-ovuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
-ovyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
-ovyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
-ovyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
-ovaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
-ověji (accusative definite dual feminine)
-ověji (accusative definite dual neuter)
-ovyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
-ovyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
-ovyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
-ovuju (definite dual locative masculine)
-ovuju (definite dual feminine locative)
-ovuju (definite dual locative neuter)
-ovaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
-ověji (definite dual feminine vocative)
-ověji (definite dual neuter vocative)
-oviji (definite masculine nominative plural)
-ovyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
-ovaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
-ovъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
-ovъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
-ovъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
-ovyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
-ovyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
-ovyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
-ovyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
-ovyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
-ovaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
-ovyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
-ovyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
-ovyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
-ovyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
-ovyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
-ovyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
-oviji (definite masculine plural vocative)
-ovyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
-ovaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: -аў (-aŭ) (unstressed), -оў (-oŭ) (stressed)

Russian: -ов (-ov)

Ukrainian: -ів (-iv), -овий (-ovyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -овъ (-ovŭ)

Bulgarian: -ов (-ov)

Macedonian: -ов (-ov)

Serbo-Croatian: -ov/-ов

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -óv

Czech: -ův

Old Polish: -ów, -owy

Polish: -ów, -owy

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: -ów, -owi

Slovincian: -ó, -ôwy

Old Slovak: -ov

Pannonian Rusyn: -ов (-ov), -ови (-ovi)

Slovak: -ov

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -owy

Extracted from thematisations of u-stem nouns, such as *domovъ (“domestic”) from *domъ. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-ew-, the oblique stem of u-stem nouns (*-us) plus the o-stem ending *-os (see also *-ъ for the discussion about the unexpected reflex of *-os).

of, belonging to; creates possessive adjectives. Also productive for creating family names, which indicated origin or relationship.


-inъ

Indefinite declension of *-inъ (hard)

Definite declension of *-inъ (hard)

-inъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
-ina (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
-ino (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
-ina (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
-iny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
-ina (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
-inu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
-ině (dative feminine indefinite singular)
-inu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
-inъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
-inǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
-ino (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
-inomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
-inojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
-inomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
-ině (indefinite locative masculine singular)
-ině (feminine indefinite locative singular)
-ině (indefinite locative neuter singular)
-ine (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
-ino (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
-ino (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
-ina (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
-ině (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
-ině (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
-inu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
-inu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
-inu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
-inoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
-inama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
-inoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
-ina (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
-ině (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
-ině (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
-inoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
-inama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
-inoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
-inu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
-inu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
-inu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
-ina (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
-ině (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
-ině (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
-ini (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
-iny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
-ina (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
-inъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
-inъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
-inъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
-inomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
-inamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
-inomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
-iny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
-iny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
-ina (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
-iny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
-inami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
-iny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
-iněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
-inaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
-iněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
-ini (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
-iny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
-ina (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
-inъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
-inaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
-inoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
-inajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
-inyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
-inajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
-inujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
-iněji (dative definite feminine singular)
-inujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
-inъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
-inǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
-inoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
-inyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
-inǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
-inyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
-inějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
-iněji (definite feminine locative singular)
-inějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
-inъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
-inaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
-inoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
-inaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
-iněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
-iněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
-inuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
-inuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
-inuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
-inyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
-inyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
-inyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
-inaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
-iněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
-iněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
-inyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
-inyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
-inyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
-inuju (definite dual locative masculine)
-inuju (definite dual feminine locative)
-inuju (definite dual locative neuter)
-inaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
-iněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
-iněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
-iniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
-inyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
-inaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
-inъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
-inъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
-inъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
-inyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
-inyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
-inyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
-inyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
-inyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
-inaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
-inyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
-inyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
-inyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
-inyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
-inyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
-inyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
-iniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
-inyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
-inaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -инъ (-inŭ)

Belarusian: -ін (-in)

Russian: -ин (-in)

Carpathian Rusyn: -ин (-yn)

Ukrainian: -ин (-yn)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -инъ (-inŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ин

Latin script: -in

Bulgarian: -ин (-in)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -in

Czech: -in

Old Polish: -in

Polish: -in, -yn, -iny, -yny

Slovak: -in

Pomeranian:

Slovincian: -yn

→ German: -in

Adjective-forming suffix. From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. Cognate with Lithuanian collective-forming suffix -ýnas, Latin -īnus. Compare also *-ina for forming both collectives and singulatives (from Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh₂). E.g.
* *svinъ (“of or pertaining to pigs”) from Proto-Balto-Slavic *swīˀnas from Proto-Indo-European *suH-iHnos (cognate formation with Latvian svīns (“dirty”), Latin suīnus (“swine”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 (swein, “pig”)).
Later it was productively applied to inherited i-stems:
* *zvěrь (“beast”) → *zvěrinъ (“beastly, animal”)
* *gostь (“guest”) → *gostinъ (“guest's, guest-”)
The singulative meaning derives from original possessive meaning, for example the meaning of *čeľadinъ “member of the tribe or household” is derived from “belonging to the tribe or household”.

-ine (of or pertaining to) Creates relative and possessive adjectives from nouns other than o-stems.


-inъ

-inъ (nominative singular)
-ina (dual nominative)
-ini (nominative plural)
-ina (genitive singular)
-inu (dual genitive)
-inъ (genitive plural)
-inu (dative singular)
-inoma (dative dual)
-inomъ (dative plural)
-inъ (accusative singular)
-ina (accusative dual)
-iny (accusative plural)
-inъmь (instrumental singular)
-inomь (instrumental singular)
-inoma (dual instrumental)
-iny (instrumental plural)
-ině (locative singular)
-inu (dual locative)
-iněxъ (locative plural)
-ine (singular vocative)
-ina (dual vocative)
-ini (plural vocative)

bratъ (“brother”) → *bratьja (“brothers (collectively)”) → *bratinъ (“brother”)

čeľadь (“family, ancestral community, everyone in household”) → *čeľadinъ (“one belonging to the family, tribe or household”)

gospoda (“lords (collectively)”) → *gospodinъ (“master, lord”)

ľudь, *ľudьje (“people, folks (collectively)”) → *ľudinъ (“man”)

Obre (“Avars”) → *obrinъ (“Avar; giant”)

voji (“army”) → *vojinъ (“soldier, warrior”)

Rusь (“Rus'”) → *Rusinъ

Creates singulatives, mostly with consonantal-stem pluralia tantum or collective nouns denoting nationalities, names of residents of an area, names of tribes and place names.

melti (“to grind”) → *mьlinъ (“(type of) pancake”) (if not *mъlinъ from molinus)

kolti (“to hit with something sharp; to split”) → *kъlinъ (“wedge, splitting tool”)

Exceptionally occurs in several unmotivated formations, usually to create an instrument or agent noun


-mantic

Forms adjectives corresponding to nouns ending in -mancy.


-išķs

Added to nouns to derive adjectives with the meaning 'typical of' or 'characterized by' the original noun.


-ajo

Borrowed from Esperanto -aĵo, English -age, French -age, Italian -aggio, Spanish -aje, from Latin -aticum.

io-bor

alkoholo (“alcohol”) + -ajo → alkoholajo (“spirituous liquor”)

reda (“red”) + -ajo → redajo (“substance red”)

used with a noun or adjective to indicate an object so characterised, or an act


-ajo

es-noun

-ajo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ajos)

forms pejorative diminutives of adjectives and nouns


-ин

баба (baba) + -ин (-in) → бабин (babin)

дедо (dedo) + -ин (-in) → дедин (dedin)

кучка (kučka) + -ин (-in) → кучкин (kučkin)

пчела (pčela) + -ин (-in) → пчелин (pčelin)

смоква (smokva) + -ин (-in) → смоквин (smokvin)

possessive adjectives
possessive adjectives#English

Appended to nouns to create possessive adjectives.


-ин

-ин (canonical)
-и́н (canonical)
-in (romanization)
-ín (romanization)
-ин (masculine nominative possessive)
-и́н (masculine nominative possessive)
-ино (neuter nominative possessive)
-и́но (neuter nominative possessive)
-ина (feminine nominative possessive)
-и́на (feminine nominative possessive)
-ины (nominative plural possessive)
-и́ны (nominative plural possessive)
-иного (genitive masculine neuter possessive)
-ина (genitive masculine neuter obsolete possessive)
-и́ного (genitive masculine neuter possessive)
-и́на (genitive masculine neuter obsolete possessive)
-иной (feminine genitive possessive)
-и́ной (feminine genitive possessive)
-иных (genitive plural possessive)
-и́ных (genitive plural possessive)
-иному (dative masculine neuter possessive)
-ину (dative masculine neuter obsolete possessive)
-и́ному (dative masculine neuter possessive)
-и́ну (dative masculine neuter obsolete possessive)
-иной (dative feminine possessive)
-и́ной (dative feminine possessive)
-иным (dative plural possessive)
-и́ным (dative plural possessive)
-иного (accusative animate masculine possessive)
-ина (accusative animate masculine obsolete possessive)
-и́ного (accusative animate masculine possessive)
-и́на (accusative animate masculine obsolete possessive)
-ино (accusative neuter possessive)
-и́но (accusative neuter possessive)
-ину (accusative feminine possessive)
-и́ну (accusative feminine possessive)
-иных (accusative animate plural possessive)
-и́ных (accusative animate plural possessive)
-ин (accusative inanimate masculine possessive)
-и́н (accusative inanimate masculine possessive)
-ины (accusative inanimate plural possessive)
-и́ны (accusative inanimate plural possessive)
-иным (instrumental masculine neuter possessive)
-и́ным (instrumental masculine neuter possessive)
-иной (feminine instrumental possessive)
-иною (feminine instrumental possessive)
-и́ной (feminine instrumental possessive)
-и́ною (feminine instrumental possessive)
-иными (instrumental plural possessive)
-и́ными (instrumental plural possessive)
-ином (masculine neuter possessive prepositional)
-и́ном (masculine neuter possessive prepositional)
-иной (feminine possessive prepositional)
-и́ной (feminine possessive prepositional)
-иных (plural possessive prepositional)
-и́ных (plural possessive prepositional)
-ин (masculine nominative possessive)
-и́н (masculine nominative possessive)
-ино (neuter nominative possessive)
-и́но (neuter nominative possessive)
-ина (feminine nominative possessive)
-и́на (feminine nominative possessive)
-ины (nominative plural possessive)
-и́ны (nominative plural possessive)
-ина (genitive masculine neuter possessive)
-и́на (genitive masculine neuter possessive)
-иной (feminine genitive possessive)
-и́ной (feminine genitive possessive)
-иных (genitive plural possessive)
-и́ных (genitive plural possessive)
-ину (dative masculine neuter possessive)
-и́ну (dative masculine neuter possessive)
-иной (dative feminine possessive)
-и́ной (dative feminine possessive)
-иным (dative plural possessive)
-и́ным (dative plural possessive)
-ина (accusative animate masculine possessive)
-и́на (accusative animate masculine possessive)
-ино (accusative neuter possessive)
-и́но (accusative neuter possessive)
-ину (accusative feminine possessive)
-и́ну (accusative feminine possessive)
-иных (accusative animate plural possessive)
-и́ных (accusative animate plural possessive)
-ин (accusative inanimate masculine possessive)
-и́н (accusative inanimate masculine possessive)
-ины (accusative inanimate plural possessive)
-и́ны (accusative inanimate plural possessive)
-иным (instrumental masculine neuter possessive)
-и́ным (instrumental masculine neuter possessive)
-иной (feminine instrumental possessive)
-иною (feminine instrumental possessive)
-и́ной (feminine instrumental possessive)
-и́ною (feminine instrumental possessive)
-иными (instrumental plural possessive)
-и́ными (instrumental plural possessive)
-ином (masculine neuter possessive prepositional)
-и́ном (masculine neuter possessive prepositional)
-иной (feminine possessive prepositional)
-и́ной (feminine possessive prepositional)
-иных (plural possessive prepositional)
-и́ных (plural possessive prepositional)
-ин (masculine nominative)
-и́н (masculine nominative)
-ина (feminine nominative)
-и́на (feminine nominative)
-ины (nominative plural)
-и́ны (nominative plural)
-ина (genitive masculine)
-и́на (genitive masculine)
-иной (feminine genitive)
-и́ной (feminine genitive)
-иных (genitive plural)
-и́ных (genitive plural)
-ину (dative masculine)
-и́ну (dative masculine)
-иной (dative feminine)
-и́ной (dative feminine)
-иным (dative plural)
-и́ным (dative plural)
-ина (accusative masculine)
-и́на (accusative masculine)
-ину (accusative feminine)
-и́ну (accusative feminine)
-иных (accusative plural)
-и́ных (accusative plural)
-иным (instrumental masculine)
-и́ным (instrumental masculine)
-иной (feminine instrumental)
-иною (feminine instrumental rare)
-и́ной (feminine instrumental)
-и́ною (feminine instrumental rare)
-иными (instrumental plural)
-и́ными (instrumental plural)
-ине (masculine prepositional)
-и́не (masculine prepositional)
-иной (feminine prepositional)
-и́ной (feminine prepositional)
-иных (plural prepositional)
-и́ных (plural prepositional)

ru-decl-adj

Possessive

Possessive (older)

Used in names

Inherited from Old East Slavic -инъ (-inŭ), from Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

inh+

Илья́ (Ilʹjá, “Ilya, Elias”) + -и́н (-ín) → Ильи́н (Ilʹín, “Ilya's, Elias's”)

Лу́ка (Lúka, “Luke”) + -ин (-in) → Лу́кин (Lúkin, “Luke's”)

Лу́кин день

Ники́та (Nikíta, “Nikita, Victor”) + -ин (-in) → Ники́тин (Nikítin, “Nikita's, Victor's”)

Са́ша (Sáša, “Sasha”) + -ин (-in) → Са́шин (Sášin, “Sasha's”)

дя́дя (djádja, “uncle”) + -ин (-in) → дя́дин (djádin, “uncle's”)

жена́ (žená, “wife”) + -ин (-in) → же́нин (žénin, “wife's”)

сестра́ (sestrá, “sister”) + -ин (-in) → се́стрин (séstrin, “sister's”)


-ин

ті́тка (títka, “aunt”) + -ин (-yn) → ті́тчин (títčyn, “aunt's”)

сестра́ (sestrá, “sister”) + -ин (-yn) → се́стрин (séstryn, “sister's”)

ма́тір (mátir, “mother”) + -ин (-yn) → ма́терин (máteryn, “mother's”)

Тетя́на (Tetjána, “Tetiana”) + -ин (-yn) → Тетя́нин (Tetjányn, “Tetiana's”)

соба́ка m (sobáka, “dog”) + -ин (-yn) → соба́чин (sobáčyn, “dog's”)

Ілля́ m (Illjá, “Illia, Elijah”) + -ин (-yn) → Ілли́н (Illýn, “Illia's, Elijah's”)

added to feminine nouns to form possessive adjectives, akin to English -'s


-ын

автор (avtor, “author”) + -ын (-yn) → авторын (avtoryn, “author's”)


-ын

шочмо (šočmo, “Monday”) + -ын (-yn) → шочмын (šočmyn, “on Monday”)


-lect

From the terminal element of dialect, thus representing the Ancient Greek element -λεκτος (-lektos), ultimately from λέγω (légō, “I say or speak”).


दुस्-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dews-?
Proto-Indo-European *dus-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-
Sanskrit दुस्- (dus-)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-. Cognate with Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “hard, difficult”), Old Armenian տ- (t-, a negative prefix), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬱- (duš-), Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌶- (tuz-); Old Irish do-.


-oidei

Used to form taxonomic names of fish at the level of suborders


-sine

-sine (nominative singular)
-sine (singular vocative)
-sini (accusative singular)
-sine (genitive singular)
-sini (dative singular)

céile (“servant”) → céilsine (“service”)

gell (“hostage”) → géilsine (“hostageship”)


-atra

Borrowed from French -âtre, Italian -astro.

io-bor

reda (“red”) + -atra → redatra (“reddish”)

of the nature of, or having nearly the same appearance, quality or characteristic (ordinarily used with nonverbal roots)


-eyo

denoting the place of, or for, an object or action


we-

we- + pchnąć → wepchnąć


-erio

Borrowed from English -ery, French -erie, German -erei, Italian -eria and Spanish -ería.

libro (“book”) + -erio → librerio (“book printery”)

papero (“paper”) + -erio → papererio (“paper factory”)

lakto (“milk”) + -erio → lakterio (“dairy”)

fabrikar (“to manufacture”) + -erio → fabrikerio (“factory”)

imprimar (“to print”) + -erio → imprimerio (“printworks”)

direktar (“to direct; manage, conduct”) + -erio → direkterio (“manager's house or office”)

suffix denoting an establishment, institution, company


-igo

Suffix added (1) to an adjective or noun to form a transitive verb denoting: to make, render or transform into; (2.1) to an intransitive verb to give it an active sense; (2.2) to a transitive verb, to give a passive sense (i.e. igar -ata), usually followed by the preposition da.


-igo

-īgō (canonical feminine)
-īginis (genitive)
-īgō (nominative singular)
-īginēs (nominative plural)
-īginis (genitive singular)
-īginum (genitive plural)
-īginī (dative singular)
-īginibus (dative plural)
-īginem (accusative singular)
-īginēs (accusative plural)
-īgine (ablative singular)
-īginibus (ablative plural)
-īgō (singular vocative)
-īginēs (plural vocative)

Italian: -igine

Sicilian: -ìniga, -ìnija

A metanalysis of vertex + nasal suffix *-n- > *vertign- > *vertīgin- > vertīgō (“gyration, dizziness”) as vertō (“to turn”) + -īgō. Compare -ūgō (suffix forming nouns).

impetō + -īgō → impetīgō

prūriō + -īgō → prūrīgō

rōbus + -īgō → rōbīgō

scaturriō + -īgō → scaturrīgō

Suffixed to nouns and to verbs, forms nouns usually denoting diseased conditions.


-mar

Irish: -mhar

Scottish Gaelic: -mhor

Manx: -r, -yr

Derives from the use of már, mór (“big”) (< Proto-Celtic *māros) to form compounds like nertmar (“strong”, literally “having great strength”) (< Proto-Celtic *nertomāros).

grían (“sun”) + -mar → gríanmar (“sunny”)

úath (“terror”) + -mar → úathmar (“terrible”)


-ifo

(added to a nominal root to form an intransitive verb) to generate, produce (naturally or artificially) or secrete


мини-

mini- (a smaller than usual version of an item)


-ki

lau (“four”) + -ki → lauki (“square”)

Forms nouns with a given number of components.

estali (“to cover”) + -ki → estalki (“lid, cap”)

Forms nouns denoting objects used to perform an action.


-ki

Used to form adverbs from adjectives; -wise, -ly


-ki

From Proto-Finnic *-kik. Cognates include Finnish -kin and Estonian -gi.

Peenet lapset i neki talvia evät pölkää.

1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 11:

Little children, even they aren't afraid of the winter.


-ki

-ki → ngoah poalpoalki jiloapas (“I am chopping with an axe”)

Allows an intransitive verb to specify the instrument by which an action was performed

Inoangpase mwehu. (“This story is good.”) + -ki → Ngoah mwehuki inoangpase (“I like this story”)

Allows a stative verb to specify a person affected by the state

-ki → Ngoah koakoahkki oai doadoahk (“I'm tired because of my work”)

Allows a stative verb to specify the cause of the state

Turns an intransitive verb transitive
Ih koaul (“he sang”) + -ki → Ih koaulki koaulpas (“he sang a song”)

An "associative suffix" with the following uses:


-ki

-ki (masculine nominative singular)
-ka (feminine nominative singular)
-kie (neuter nominative singular)
-cy (nominative plural virile)
-kie (nominative plural)
-kiego (genitive masculine singular)
-kiej (feminine genitive singular)
-kiego (genitive neuter singular)
-kich (genitive plural)
-kich (genitive plural virile)
-kiemu (dative masculine singular)
-kiej (dative feminine singular)
-kiemu (dative neuter singular)
-kim (dative plural)
-kim (dative plural virile)
-kiego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-ki (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-ką (accusative feminine singular)
-kie (accusative neuter singular)
-kich (accusative plural virile)
-kie (accusative plural)
-kim (instrumental masculine singular)
-ką (feminine instrumental singular)
-kim (instrumental neuter singular)
-kimi (instrumental plural)
-kimi (instrumental plural virile)
-kim (locative masculine singular)
-kiej (feminine locative singular)
-kim (locative neuter singular)
-kich (locative plural)
-kich (locative plural virile)

jeden + -ki → jednaki


ἀπο-

Greek: απο- (apo-)

ἀποβαίνω (apobaínō, “step off”)

ἀποτέμνω (apotémnō, “cut off”)

Indicating breaking one part from another: un-, asunder, apart, off

ἀπαλγέω (apalgéō, “put away sorrow for”), ἀπόσῑτος (apósītos, “having eaten nothing”)

Indicating ending or finishing, or almost like the negative ἀ- (a-, “not”), especially in adjectives

Simply emphasizing the meaning of the verb


ανα-

Inherited from Ancient Greek ἀνα- (ana-)

inh+

ανα- (ana-) + βαστάζω (vastázo, “to carry or support”) → αναβαστάζω (anavastázo, “to hold up high”)


przy-

Polish: przy-

Silesian: przi-

Proto-Slavic *pri-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *prei, from Proto-Indo-European *prey.

przy- + ić → przyć


buan-

From buan (“enduring, permanent; steadfast, solid”).


-ny

mező (“field, open country”) + -ny → mezőny (“field (in sports)”)

(nominal-forming suffix) Added to a word to form a noun or an adjective.


-ny

abstrakcjô + -ny → abstrakcyjny


-ny

Polish: -ny

aksamit + -ny → aksamitny


-ny

-ny (masculine nominative singular)
-na (feminine nominative singular)
-ne (neuter nominative singular)
-ni (nominative plural virile)
-ne (nominative plural)
-nego (genitive masculine singular)
-nej (feminine genitive singular)
-nego (genitive neuter singular)
-nych (genitive plural)
-nych (genitive plural virile)
-nemu (dative masculine singular)
-nej (dative feminine singular)
-nemu (dative neuter singular)
-nym (dative plural)
-nym (dative plural virile)
-nego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-ny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-ną (accusative feminine singular)
-ne (accusative neuter singular)
-nych (accusative plural virile)
-ne (accusative plural)
-nym (instrumental masculine singular)
-ną (feminine instrumental singular)
-nym (instrumental neuter singular)
-nymi (instrumental plural)
-nymi (instrumental plural virile)
-nym (locative masculine singular)
-nej (feminine locative singular)
-nym (locative neuter singular)
-nych (locative plural)
-nych (locative plural virile)

Latin ratiōnālis + -ny → racjonalny

German chemisch + -ny → chemiczny

French brutal + -ny → brutalny

Ancient Greek ἑκτικός (hektikós) + -ny → hektyczny


-ny

aléj + -ny → alejny


-ьce

-ьce (nominative singular)
-ьci (dual nominative)
-ьca (nominative plural)
-ьca (genitive singular)
-ьcu (dual genitive)
-ьcь (genitive plural)
-ьcu (dative singular)
-ьcema (dative dual)
-ьcemъ (dative plural)
-ьce (accusative singular)
-ьci (accusative dual)
-ьca (accusative plural)
-ьcьmь (instrumental singular)
-ьcemь (instrumental singular)
-ьcema (dual instrumental)
-ьci (instrumental plural)
-ьci (locative singular)
-ьcu (dual locative)
-ьcixъ (locative plural)
-ьce (singular vocative)
-ьci (dual vocative)
-ьca (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ице (-ice)

Belarusian: -ца (-ca), -цо (-co)

Russian: -це (-ce)

Carpathian Rusyn: -це (-ce)

Ukrainian: -це (-ce)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: -ьце (-ĭce), -ице (-ice) (when attached to roots ending in *-je)

Glagolitic: -ⱐⱌⰵ (-ĭce), -ⰹⱌⰵ (-ice) (when attached to roots ending in *-je)

Bulgarian: -це (-ce)

Macedonian: -це (-ce)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -це

Latin script: -ce

Slovene: -ce

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -ce

Czech: -ce

Kashubian: -ce

Polish: -ce

Slovak: -ce

Slovincian: -icê

Reflects Proto-Indo-European *-ikóm, a neutral counter-part to Proto-Slavic *-ьcь m, Proto-Slavic *-ьca f.

moldę (“cub, baby”) → *moldętьce (“puppy, kitten, little one, etc.”)

město (“city, place, space, room”) → *městьce (“small town, tiny space/room”)

okъno (“window”) → *okъnьce (“small window”)

pero (“feather”) → *perьce (“plumule”)

nebo (“heaven”) → *nebьce (“palate”)

aje (“ovum, egg”) → *ajьce (“egg”)

Denominal, forms diminutives from neutral nouns.


-opsia

From Koine Greek -οψία (-opsía), related to ὀπτικός (optikós, “optic, pertaining to sight”).

(ophthalmology) Forming compound nouns denoting specific deficiencies of sight.


-ti

gezur (“lie”) + -ti → gezurti (“liar”)


-ti

koht "place" → kohati "in places", "in some areas"

paik "place" → paiguti "in places", "in some areas"

riik "country" → riigiti "in countries", "country-by-country"

rööpne "parallel" (adjective) → rööbiti "in a parallel relationship"

Derives adverbs, which are generally distributive.

hommik "morning" → hommikuti "in the mornings"

reede "Friday" → reedeti "on Fridays"


-lógico

pt-adj

-lógico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -lógica, masculine plural -lógicos, feminine plural -lógicas)

-lógica (feminine)
-lógicos (masculine plural)
-lógicas (feminine plural)

-logical; -logic (forms adjectives relating to scientific fields that end in -logia)


макро-

LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Po ukraińsku (Andriana)-макро-.wav


-īvs

Ultimately from Latin -ivus; found only in words borrowed from other languages (compare English -ive, French -if, German -iv).

Usually added to foreign words to form adjectives.


ta-

1992, Erik Münster (quoting anonymous), "Kinguaassiuutikkut nappaataava", Atuagagdliutit
Pasipiluppara kinguaassiuutitigut nappaat herpes pineqarsoralugu, tassami pineqartumut receptimi allassimammat tarnut Zovirax. Taanna forkølelsessårinut atorneqarneq ajorpoq, ilaa?

I strongly suspect that the person in question has the venereal disease of herpes, for a prescription for Zovirax cream was written to the person in question. This is ineffective against cold sores, right?

Prepends to demonstrative pronouns, making them refer to something previously mentioned.


ta-

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ta-.


staro-

staro- + čeština (“Czech”) → staročeština (“Old Czech”)

staro- + řečtina (“Greek”) → starořečtina (“Ancient Greek”)

staro- + římský (“Roman”) → starořímský (“Ancient Roman”)

staro- + usedlík (“resident”) → starousedlík (“old resident”)


staro-

staro- + polski → staropolski

prefix used to create an adjective denoting an older form of language, corresponding to English Old


-έω

-éō (romanization)
-έω (active first-person indicative singular)
-έεις (active indicative second-person singular)
-έει (active indicative singular third-person)
-έετον (active dual indicative second-person)
-έετον (active dual indicative third-person)
-έομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
-έετε (active indicative plural second-person)
-έουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
-έουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
-έω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-έῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-έῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-έητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-έητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
-έωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-έητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-έωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-έωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-έοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
-έοις (active optative second-person singular)
-έοι (active optative singular third-person)
-έοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
-εοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
-έοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
-έοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
-έοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
-εε (active imperative second-person singular)
-εέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
-έετον (active dual imperative second-person)
-εέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
-έετε (active imperative plural second-person)
-εόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
-έομαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
-έῃ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
-έει (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
-έεται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
-έεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
-έεσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
-εόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
-έεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
-έονται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
-έωμαι (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
-έῃ (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-έηται (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-έησθον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
-έησθον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
-εώμεθᾰ (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
-έησθε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-έωνται (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-εοίμην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
-έοιο (middle optative passive second-person singular)
-έοιτο (middle optative passive singular third-person)
-έοισθον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
-εοίσθην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
-εοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative passive plural)
-έοισθε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
-έοιντο (middle optative passive plural third-person)
-έου (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
-εέσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
-έεσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
-εέσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
-έεσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
-εέσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
-έειν (active infinitive)
-έεσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
-έων (active masculine participle)
-εόμενος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
-έουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
-εομένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
-έον (active neuter participle)
-εόμενον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
-ῶ (active first-person indicative singular)
-εῖς (active indicative second-person singular)
-εῖ (active indicative singular third-person)
-εῖτον (active dual indicative second-person)
-εῖτον (active dual indicative third-person)
-οῦμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
-εῖτε (active indicative plural second-person)
-οῦσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
-οῦσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
-ῶ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-ῇς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-ῇ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-ῆτον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-ῆτον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
-ῶμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-ῆτε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-ῶσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-ῶσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-οίην (active first-person optative singular)
-οῖμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
-οίης (active optative second-person singular)
-οῖς (active optative second-person singular)
-οίη (active optative singular third-person)
-οῖ (active optative singular third-person)
-οῖτον (active dual optative second-person)
-οίητον (active dual optative second-person)
-οίτην (active dual optative third-person)
-οιήτην (active dual optative third-person)
-οῖμεν (active first-person optative plural)
-οίημεν (active first-person optative plural)
-οῖτε (active optative plural second-person)
-οίητε (active optative plural second-person)
-οῖεν (active optative plural third-person)
-οίησᾰν (active optative plural third-person)
-ει (active imperative second-person singular)
-είτω (active imperative singular third-person)
-εῖτον (active dual imperative second-person)
-είτων (active dual imperative third-person)
-εῖτε (active imperative plural second-person)
-ούντων (active imperative plural third-person)
-οῦμαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
-εῖ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
-ῇ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
-εῖται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
-εῖσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
-εῖσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
-ούμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
-εῖσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
-οῦνται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
-ῶμαι (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
-ῇ (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-ῆται (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-ῆσθον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
-ῆσθον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
-ώμεθᾰ (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
-ῆσθε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-ῶνται (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-οίμην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
-οῖο (middle optative passive second-person singular)
-οῖτο (middle optative passive singular third-person)
-οῖσθον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
-οίσθην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
-οίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative passive plural)
-οῖσθε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
-οῖντο (middle optative passive plural third-person)
-οῦ (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
-είσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
-εῖσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
-είσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
-εῖσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
-είσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
-εῖν (active infinitive)
-εῖσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
-ῶν (active masculine participle)
-ούμενος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
-οῦσᾰ (active feminine participle)
-ουμένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
-οῦν (active neuter participle)
-ούμενον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
-εον (active first-person indicative singular)
-εες (active indicative second-person singular)
-εε (active indicative singular third-person)
-εεν (active indicative singular third-person)
-έετον (active dual indicative second-person)
-εέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
-έομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
-έετε (active indicative plural second-person)
-εον (active indicative plural third-person)
-εόμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
-έου (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
-έετο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
-έεσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
-εέσθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
-εόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
-έεσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
-έοντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
-ουν (active first-person indicative singular)
-εις (active indicative second-person singular)
-ει (active indicative singular third-person)
-εῖτον (active dual indicative second-person)
-είτην (active dual indicative third-person)
-οῦμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
-εῖτε (active indicative plural second-person)
-ουν (active indicative plural third-person)
-ούμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
-οῦ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
-εῖτο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
-εῖσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
-είσθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
-ούμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
-εῖσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
-οῦντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
-ήσω (active first-person indicative singular)
-ήσεις (active indicative second-person singular)
-ήσει (active indicative singular third-person)
-ήσετον (active dual indicative second-person)
-ήσετον (active dual indicative third-person)
-ήσομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
-ήσετε (active indicative plural second-person)
-ήσουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
-ήσουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
-ήσοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
-ήσοις (active optative second-person singular)
-ήσοι (active optative singular third-person)
-ήσοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
-ησοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
-ήσοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
-ήσοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
-ήσοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
-ήσομαι (first-person indicative middle singular)
-ήσῃ (indicative middle second-person singular)
-ήσει (indicative middle second-person singular)
-ήσεται (indicative middle singular third-person)
-ήσεσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
-ήσεσθον (dual indicative middle third-person)
-ησόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
-ήσεσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
-ήσονται (indicative middle plural third-person)
-ησοίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
-ήσοιο (middle optative second-person singular)
-ήσοιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
-ήσοισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
-ησοίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
-ησοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
-ήσοισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
-ήσοιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
-ηθήσομαι (first-person indicative passive singular)
-ηθήσῃ (indicative passive second-person singular)
-ηθήσεται (indicative passive singular third-person)
-ηθήσεσθον (dual indicative passive second-person)
-ηθήσεσθον (dual indicative passive third-person)
-ηθησόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative passive plural)
-ηθήσεσθε (indicative passive plural second-person)
-ηθήσονται (indicative passive plural third-person)
-ηθησοίμην (first-person optative passive singular)
-ηθήσοιο (optative passive second-person singular)
-ηθήσοιτο (optative passive singular third-person)
-ηθήσοισθον (dual optative passive second-person)
-ηθησοίσθην (dual optative passive third-person)
-ηθησοίμεθᾰ (first-person optative passive plural)
-ηθήσοισθε (optative passive plural second-person)
-ηθήσοιντο (optative passive plural third-person)
-ήσειν (active infinitive)
-ήσεσθαι (infinitive middle second-person third-person)
-ηθήσεσθαι (infinitive passive)
-ήσων (active masculine participle)
-ησόμενος (masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
-ηθησόμενος (masculine participle passive)
-ήσουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
-ησομένη (feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
-ηθησομένη (feminine participle passive)
-ῆσον (active neuter participle)
-ησόμενον (middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
-ηθησόμενον (neuter participle passive)
-ησᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
-ησᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
-ησε (active indicative singular third-person)
-ησεν (active indicative singular third-person)
-ήσᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
-ησᾰ́την (active dual indicative third-person)
-ήσᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
-ήσᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
-ησᾰν (active indicative plural third-person)
-ήσω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-ήσῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-ήσῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-ήσητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-ήσητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
-ήσωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-ήσητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-ήσωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-ήσωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-ήσαιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
-ήσειᾰς (active optative second-person singular)
-ήσαις (active optative second-person singular)
-ήσειε (active optative singular third-person)
-ήσειεν (active optative singular third-person)
-ήσαι (active optative singular third-person)
-ήσαιτον (active dual optative second-person)
-ησαίτην (active dual optative third-person)
-ήσαιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
-ήσαιτε (active optative plural second-person)
-ήσειᾰν (active optative plural third-person)
-ήσαιεν (active optative plural third-person)
-ησον (active imperative second-person singular)
-ησᾰ́τω (active imperative singular third-person)
-ήσᾰτον (active dual imperative second-person)
-ησᾰ́των (active dual imperative third-person)
-ήσᾰτε (active imperative plural second-person)
-ησᾰ́ντων (active imperative plural third-person)
-ησᾰ́μην (first-person indicative middle singular)
-ήσω (indicative middle second-person singular)
-ήσᾰτο (indicative middle singular third-person)
-ήσᾰσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
-ησᾰ́σθην (dual indicative middle third-person)
-ησᾰ́μεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
-ήσᾰσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
-ήσᾰντο (indicative middle plural third-person)
-ήσωμαι (first-person middle singular subjunctive)
-ήσῃ (middle second-person singular subjunctive)
-ήσηται (middle singular subjunctive third-person)
-ήσησθον (dual middle second-person subjunctive)
-ήσησθον (dual middle subjunctive third-person)
-ησώμεθᾰ (first-person middle plural subjunctive)
-ήσησθε (middle plural second-person subjunctive)
-ήσωνται (middle plural subjunctive third-person)
-ησαίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
-ήσαιο (middle optative second-person singular)
-ήσαιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
-ήσαισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
-ησαίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
-ησαίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
-ήσαισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
-ήσαιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
-ησαι (imperative middle second-person singular)
-ησᾰ́σθω (imperative middle singular third-person)
-ήσᾰσθον (dual imperative middle second-person)
-ησᾰ́σθων (dual imperative middle third-person)
-ήσᾰσθε (imperative middle plural second-person)
-ησᾰ́σθων (imperative middle plural third-person)
-ήθην (first-person indicative passive singular)
-ήθης (indicative passive second-person singular)
-ήθη (indicative passive singular third-person)
-ήθητον (dual indicative passive second-person)
-ηθήτην (dual indicative passive third-person)
-ήθημεν (first-person indicative passive plural)
-ήθητε (indicative passive plural second-person)
-ήθησᾰν (indicative passive plural third-person)
-ηθῶ (first-person passive singular subjunctive)
-ηθῇς (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-ηθῇ (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-ηθῆτον (dual passive second-person subjunctive)
-ηθῆτον (dual passive subjunctive third-person)
-ηθῶμεν (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
-ηθῆτε (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-ηθῶσῐ (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-ηθῶσῐν (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-ηθείην (first-person optative passive singular)
-ηθείης (optative passive second-person singular)
-ηθείη (optative passive singular third-person)
-ηθεῖτον (dual optative passive second-person)
-ηθείητον (dual optative passive second-person)
-ηθείτην (dual optative passive third-person)
-ηθειήτην (dual optative passive third-person)
-ηθεῖμεν (first-person optative passive plural)
-ηθείημεν (first-person optative passive plural)
-ηθεῖτε (optative passive plural second-person)
-ηθείητε (optative passive plural second-person)
-ηθεῖεν (optative passive plural third-person)
-ηθείησᾰν (optative passive plural third-person)
-ήθητῐ (imperative passive second-person singular)
-ηθήτω (imperative passive singular third-person)
-ήθητον (dual imperative passive second-person)
-ηθήτων (dual imperative passive third-person)
-ήθητε (imperative passive plural second-person)
-ηθέντων (imperative passive plural third-person)
-ῆσαι (active infinitive)
-ήσᾰσθαι (infinitive middle second-person third-person)
-ηθῆναι (infinitive passive)
-ήσᾱς (active masculine participle)
-ησᾰ́μενος (masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
-ηθείς (masculine participle passive)
-ήσᾱσᾰ (active feminine participle)
-ησᾰμένη (feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
-ηθεῖσᾰ (feminine participle passive)
-ῆσᾰν (active neuter participle)
-ησᾰ́μενον (middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
-ηθέν (neuter participle passive)
-ηκᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
-ηκᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
-ηκε (active indicative singular third-person)
-ηκεν (active indicative singular third-person)
-ήκᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
-ήκᾰτον (active dual indicative third-person)
-ήκᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
-ήκᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
-ήκᾱσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
-ήκᾱσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
-ήκω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-ήκῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-ήκῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-ήκητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-ήκητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
-ήκωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-ήκητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-ήκωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-ήκωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-ήκοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
-ηκοίην (active first-person optative singular)
-ήκοις (active optative second-person singular)
-ηκοίης (active optative second-person singular)
-ήκοι (active optative singular third-person)
-ηκοίη (active optative singular third-person)
-ήκοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
-ηκοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
-ήκοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
-ήκοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
-ήκοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
-ηκε (active imperative second-person singular)
-ηκέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
-ήκετον (active dual imperative second-person)
-ηκέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
-ήκετε (active imperative plural second-person)
-ηκόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
-ημαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
-ησαι (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
-ηται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
-ησθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
-ησθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
-ήμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
-ησθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
-ηνται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
-ημένος ὦ (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
-ημένος ᾖς (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-ημένος ᾖ (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-ημένω ἦτον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
-ημένω ἦτον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
-ημένοι ὦμεν (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
-ημένοι ἦτε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-ημένοι ὦσῐ (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-ημένοι ὦσῐν (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-ημένος εἴην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
-ημένος εἴης (middle optative passive second-person singular)
-ημένος εἴη (middle optative passive singular third-person)
-ημένω εἴητον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
εἶτον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
-ημένω εἰήτην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
εἴτην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
-ημένοι εἴημεν (first-person middle optative passive plural)
εἶμεν (first-person middle optative passive plural)
-ημένοι εἴητε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
εἶτε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
-ημένοι εἴησᾰν (middle optative passive plural third-person)
εἶεν (middle optative passive plural third-person)
-ησο (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
-ήσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
-ησθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
-ήσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
-ησθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
-ήσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
-ηκέναι (active infinitive)
-ῆσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
-ηκώς (active masculine participle)
-ημένος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
-ηκυῖᾰ (active feminine participle)
-ημένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
-ηκός (active neuter participle)
-ημένον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
-ήκειν (active first-person indicative singular)
-ήκη (active first-person indicative singular)
-ήκεις (active indicative second-person singular)
-ήκης (active indicative second-person singular)
-ήκει (active indicative singular third-person)
-ήκειν (active indicative singular third-person)
-ήκετον (active dual indicative second-person)
-ηκέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
-ήκεμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
-ήκετε (active indicative plural second-person)
-ήκεσᾰν (active indicative plural third-person)
-ήμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
-ησο (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
-ητο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
-ησθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
-ήσθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
-ήμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
-ησθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
-ηντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)

There are five main sources:
# Primary verbs (present verbs of the simple thematic class in origin) from roots ending in *-w-, *-y-, *-s- with intervocalic loss of this consonant: e.g. ῥέω (rhéō), δέω (déō), ζέω (zéō)
# Denominative verbs with *-eyéti, from *-e- (noun thematic vowel) + *-yéti (denominative suffix), usually from nouns or adjectives in -ος (-os) or -ον (-on): e.g. οἰκέω (oikéō) from οἶκος (oîkos), μετρέω (metréō) from μέτρον (métron)
# Denominative verbs with *-esyéti, usually from adjectives in -ής (-ḗs) or neuter nouns in -ος (-os): e.g. τελέω (teléō) from τέλος (télos). These often have an alternative form in -είω (-eíō), for instance τελείω (teleíō).
# Stative verbs with *-éh₁yeti (stative suffix): e.g. φιλέω (philéō), ἀλγέω (algéō)
# Causative or frequentative verbs from o-grade of a root with *-éyeti (causative suffix): e.g. σοβέω (sobéō), φορέω (phoréō)

Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs. Often, not always, added to the stems of thematic nouns or adjectives in -ος (-os).

-είω

etymology #3: verbs that are derived from adjectives in -ής (-ḗs) or neuter nouns in -ος (-os)


অভি-

From Sanskrit अभि (abhi), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Habʰi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi.


અભિ-

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अभि (abhi).


उप-

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उप- (upa-).

उप- (up-) + ग्रह (grah, “planet”) → उपग्रह (upagrah, “moon, satellite”)


वि-

Prefix to verbs or nouns and other parts of speech derived from verbs, to express division, distinction, distribution, arrangement, order, opposition, or deliberation.


वि-

→ Hindi: वि- (vi-)

→ Malayalam: വി- (vi-)

→ Marathi: वि- (vi-)

Pali: vi-

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *wi- (“apart, away”). Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (nawi, “not yet”), Old English wiþ (whence English with). Prefixal form of वि (vi).

cog

वि- (vi-) + फल (phala, “fruit, result”) → विफल (viphala, “fruitless, useless”)


উপ-

From Sanskrit उप- (upa-), from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“under, below”).

der

উপ- (up-) + জেলা (jela, “district”) → উপজেলা (upojela, “subdistrict, upazila”)

উপ- (up-) + পরিচালক (poricalok, “director”) → উপপরিচালক (upoporicalok, “vice-director”)

under, below, subordinate, deputy; sub-, under-, vice-

উপ- (up-) + সাগর (śagor, “sea”) → উপসাগর (upośagor, “bay, gulf”)

উপ- (up-) + জাতি (jati, “nation”) → উপজাতি (upojati, “tribe”)

উপ- (up-) + গ্রহ (groho, “planet”) → উপগ্রহ (upogroho, “satellite”)


বি-

From Sanskrit वि (vi), from Proto-Indo-European *wi (“apart, away”). Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (nawi, “not yet”), Old English wiþ.


বি-

From Sanskrit वि (vi), from Proto-Indo-European *wi (“apart, away”). Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (nawi, “not yet”), Old English wiþ (whence English with).


-kaa

mi- (“what”) + -kaa → mikkää (“nothing”)

(nonproductive) Used to form negative indefinite pronouns


-ornis

New Latin, from Ancient Greek ὄρνις (órnis, “bird”)


-viridae

Used to form taxonomic names of families of viruses


-sion

From Latin, from words suffixed with -iō with a preceding -s-.

allusion, confusion, vision

Variant of -tion, most common in words inherited directly from Latin with an accusative singular ending in -sionem.


-morphia

Used to create taxonomic names of animals at the level of infraclass


-arka

-arz (masculine)
-arka (nominative singular)
-arki (nominative plural)
-arki (genitive singular)
-arek (genitive plural)
-arce (dative singular)
-arkom (dative plural)
-arkę (accusative singular)
-arki (accusative plural)
-arką (instrumental singular)
-arkami (instrumental plural)
-arce (locative singular)
-arkach (locative plural)
-arko (singular vocative)
-arki (plural vocative)

więzień + -arka → więźniarka

forms feminine nouns referring to devices and machines; -er