-ahtaa

-ahan (first-person positive present singular)
en -aha (first-person negative present singular)
oon -ahtant (first-person perfect positive singular)
oon -ahtanut (first-person perfect positive singular)
en oo -ahtant (first-person negative perfect singular)
en oo -ahtanut (first-person negative perfect singular)
-ahat (positive present second-person singular)
et -aha (negative present second-person singular)
oot -ahtant (perfect positive second-person singular)
oot -ahtanut (perfect positive second-person singular)
et oo -ahtant (negative perfect second-person singular)
et oo -ahtanut (negative perfect second-person singular)
-ahtaa (positive present singular third-person)
ei -aha (negative present singular third-person)
ono -ahtant (perfect positive singular third-person)
ono -ahtanut (perfect positive singular third-person)
ei oo -ahtant (negative perfect singular third-person)
ei oo -ahtanut (negative perfect singular third-person)
-ahamma (first-person plural positive present)
emmä -aha (first-person negative plural present)
oomma -ahtanneet (first-person perfect plural positive)
emmä oo -ahtanneet (first-person negative perfect plural)
-ahatta (plural positive present second-person)
että -aha (negative plural present second-person)
ootta -ahtanneet (perfect plural positive second-person)
että oo -ahtanneet (negative perfect plural second-person)
-ahtaat (plural positive present third-person)
-ahtavat (plural positive present third-person)
-ahettaa (plural positive present third-person)
evät -aha (negative plural present third-person)
ei -aheta (negative plural present third-person)
ovat -ahtanneet (perfect plural positive third-person)
evät oo -ahtanneet (negative perfect plural third-person)
ei oo -ahettu (negative perfect plural third-person)
-ahettaa (impersonal positive present)
ei -aheta (impersonal negative present)
ono -ahettu (impersonal perfect positive)
ei oo -ahettu (impersonal negative perfect)
-ahin (first-person imperfect positive singular)
en -ahtant (first-person imperfect negative singular)
en -ahtanut (first-person imperfect negative singular)
olin -ahtant (first-person pluperfect positive singular)
olin -ahtanut (first-person pluperfect positive singular)
en olt -ahtant (first-person negative pluperfect singular)
en olt -ahtanut (first-person negative pluperfect singular)
-ahit (imperfect positive second-person singular)
et -ahtant (imperfect negative second-person singular)
et -ahtanut (imperfect negative second-person singular)
olit -ahtant (pluperfect positive second-person singular)
olit -ahtanut (pluperfect positive second-person singular)
et olt -ahtant (negative pluperfect second-person singular)
et olt -ahtanut (negative pluperfect second-person singular)
-ahti (imperfect positive singular third-person)
ei -ahtant (imperfect negative singular third-person)
ei -ahtanut (imperfect negative singular third-person)
oli -ahtant (pluperfect positive singular third-person)
oli -ahtanut (pluperfect positive singular third-person)
ei olt -ahtant (negative pluperfect singular third-person)
ei olt -ahtanut (negative pluperfect singular third-person)
-ahimma (first-person imperfect plural positive)
emmä -ahtanneet (first-person imperfect negative plural)
olimma -ahtanneet (first-person pluperfect plural positive)
emmä olleet -ahtanneet (first-person negative pluperfect plural)
-ahitta (imperfect plural positive second-person)
että -ahtanneet (imperfect negative plural second-person)
olitta -ahtanneet (pluperfect plural positive second-person)
että olleet -ahtanneet (negative pluperfect plural second-person)
-ahtiit (imperfect plural positive third-person)
-ahtivat (imperfect plural positive third-person)
-ahettii (imperfect plural positive third-person)
evät -ahtanneet (imperfect negative plural third-person)
ei -ahettu (imperfect negative plural third-person)
olivat -ahtanneet (pluperfect plural positive third-person)
evät olleet -ahtanneet (negative pluperfect plural third-person)
ei olt -ahettu (negative pluperfect plural third-person)
-ahettii (imperfect impersonal positive)
ei -ahettu (imperfect impersonal negative)
oli -ahettu (impersonal pluperfect positive)
ei olt -ahettu (impersonal negative pluperfect)
-ahtaisin (first-person positive present singular)
en -ahtais (first-person negative present singular)
olisin -ahtant (first-person perfect positive singular)
olisin -ahtanut (first-person perfect positive singular)
en olis -ahtant (first-person negative perfect singular)
en olis -ahtanut (first-person negative perfect singular)
-ahtaisit (positive present second-person singular)
-ahtaist (positive present second-person singular)
et -ahtais (negative present second-person singular)
olisit -ahtant (perfect positive second-person singular)
olisit -ahtanut (perfect positive second-person singular)
et olis -ahtant (negative perfect second-person singular)
et olis -ahtanut (negative perfect second-person singular)
-ahtais (positive present singular third-person)
ei -ahtais (negative present singular third-person)
olis -ahtant (perfect positive singular third-person)
olis -ahtanut (perfect positive singular third-person)
ei olis -ahtant (negative perfect singular third-person)
ei olis -ahtanut (negative perfect singular third-person)
-ahtaisimma (first-person plural positive present)
emmä -ahtais (first-person negative plural present)
olisimma -ahtanneet (first-person perfect plural positive)
emmä olis -ahtanneet (first-person negative perfect plural)
-ahtaisitta (plural positive present second-person)
että -ahtais (negative plural present second-person)
olisitta -ahtanneet (perfect plural positive second-person)
että olis -ahtanneet (negative perfect plural second-person)
-ahtaisiit (plural positive present third-person)
-ahtaisivat (plural positive present third-person)
-ahettais (plural positive present third-person)
evät -ahtais (negative plural present third-person)
ei -ahettais (negative plural present third-person)
olisivat -ahtanneet (perfect plural positive third-person)
evät olis -ahtanneet (negative perfect plural third-person)
ei olis -ahettu (negative perfect plural third-person)
-ahettais (impersonal positive present)
ei -ahettais (impersonal negative present)
olis -ahettu (impersonal perfect positive)
ei olis -ahettu (impersonal negative perfect)
-aha (positive present second-person singular)
elä -aha (negative present second-person singular)
oo -ahtant (perfect positive second-person singular)
oo -ahtanut (perfect positive second-person singular)
elä oo -ahtant (negative perfect second-person singular)
elä oo -ahtanut (negative perfect second-person singular)
-ahtakkoo (positive present singular third-person)
elköö -ahtako (negative present singular third-person)
olkoo -ahtant (perfect positive singular third-person)
olkoo -ahtanut (perfect positive singular third-person)
elköö olko -ahtant (negative perfect singular third-person)
elköö olko -ahtanut (negative perfect singular third-person)
-ahtakkaa (plural positive present second-person)
elkää -ahtako (negative plural present second-person)
olkaa -ahtanneet (perfect plural positive second-person)
elkää olko -ahtanneet (negative perfect plural second-person)
-ahtakkoot (plural positive present third-person)
elkööt -ahtako (negative plural present third-person)
elköö -ahettako (negative plural present third-person)
olkoot -ahtanneet (perfect plural positive third-person)
elkööt olko -ahtanneet (negative perfect plural third-person)
elköö olko -ahettu (negative perfect plural third-person)
-ahettakoo (impersonal positive present)
elköö -ahettako (impersonal negative present)
olkoo -ahettu (impersonal perfect positive)
elköö olko -ahettu (impersonal negative perfect)
-ahtanen (first-person positive present singular)
en -ahtane (first-person negative present singular)
-ahtanet (positive present second-person singular)
et -ahtane (negative present second-person singular)
-ahtannoo (positive present singular third-person)
ei -ahtane (negative present singular third-person)
-ahtanemma (first-person plural positive present)
emmä -ahtane (first-person negative plural present)
-ahtanetta (plural positive present second-person)
että -ahtane (negative plural present second-person)
-ahtannoot (plural positive present third-person)
evät -ahtane (negative plural present third-person)
ei -ahettane (negative plural present third-person)
-ahettanoo (impersonal positive present)
ei -ahettane (impersonal negative present)
-ahtaa (infinitive infinitive-i)
-ahtava (active participle present)
-ahettava (participle passive present)
-ahtaes (inessive infinitive infinitive-ii)
-ahtant (active participle past)
-ahtanut (active participle past)
-ahettu (participle passive past)
-ahtaen (infinitive infinitive-ii instructive)
-ahtammaa (illative infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ahtamas (inessive infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ahtamast (elative infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ahtamata (abessive infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ahtamiin (infinitive infinitive-iv nominative)
-ahtamista (infinitive infinitive-iv partitive)
-ahtamist (infinitive infinitive-iv partitive)

From Proto-Finnic *-ahtadak. Cognates include Finnish -ahtaa.

vilkkaa (“to flash”) + -ahtaa → vilkahtaa (“to flash past”)


-umas

-ùmas (canonical masculine stress-pattern-2)
-ùmai (plural)
-ùmas (nominative singular)
-ùmai (nominative plural)
-ùmo (genitive singular)
-ùmų (genitive plural)
-ùmui (dative singular)
-ùmams (dative plural)
-ùmą (accusative singular)
-umùs (accusative plural)
-umù (instrumental singular)
-ùmais (instrumental plural)
-umè (locative singular)
-ùmuose (locative plural)
-ùme (singular vocative)
-ùmai (plural vocative)

Added mostly to adjectives ending in -as and -us to form nouns indicating a state of being, similar to (and frequently corresponding to) -ness, -ence


-ean

From Latin -ānus, following Latin stems ending in -e(us), -ē(us) (many from Ancient Greek -ηιος), or -æ(us) (many from -αιος).

Forms adjectives, usually from proper nouns.


-ean

head

-ean m (feminine singular -eanã, masculine plural -eanj or -enj, feminine plural -eani or -eane)

-eanã (feminine singular)
-eanj (masculine plural)
-enj (masculine plural)
-eani (feminine plural)
-eane (feminine plural)

Pindu (“Pindus”) + -ean → pindean (“pindian”)

Gramusti (“Grammos village”) + -ean → grãmustean (“Grammostian”)

Forms adjectives and nouns indicating origin or place of birth (such as from a certain city or region).


-ean

ro-adj

-ean m or n (feminine singular -eană or -eancă, masculine plural -eni, feminine and neuter plural -ene or -eance)

-eană (feminine singular)
-eancă (feminine singular)
-eni (masculine plural)
-ene (feminine neuter plural)
-eance (feminine neuter plural)
-ean (indefinite masculine neuter singular)
-eană (feminine indefinite singular)
-eni (indefinite masculine singular)
-ene (feminine indefinite neuter plural)
-eanul (definite masculine neuter singular)
-eana (definite feminine singular)
-enii (definite masculine singular)
-enele (definite feminine neuter plural)
-ene (feminine indefinite singular)
-eanului (definite masculine neuter singular)
-enei (definite feminine singular)
-enilor (definite masculine singular)
-enelor (definite feminine neuter plural)

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic -ѣнинъ (-ěninŭ), from Proto-Slavic *-ěninъ. Might also be conflated with Latin -iānus.

bor+

Ardeal (“Transylvania”) + -ean → ardelean (“Transylvanian”)

București (“Bucharest”) + -ean → bucureștean (“Bucharestian”)

Forms adjectives and nouns indicating origin or place of birth (such as from a certain city or region), or occasionally nationality.


-tate

-ty (suffix used to form nouns, often denoting a quality or a property)


pneumat-

Alternative form of pneumato- before a vowel


-phonic

Formed in English of -phone + -ic, from Ancient Greek -φωνος (-phōnos), combining form of φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”). Attested from the 19th century.


-ই

* For the adjectival and agentive suffix, merged from Sanskrit -इक (-ika, adjectival and agentive suffix) and -ई (-ī, adjectival suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *-ikos and *-iHs respectively. Also influenced by the cognate Classical Persian ـی (-ī) and the unrelated Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy).
* For the feminine suffix, from Sanskrit -ई (-ī), from Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂.

inh

forms adjectives and agent nouns from nouns and adjectives


-iform

Alternative form of -form (with interfix -i-)


αγριο-

From Ancient Greek ἄγριος (ágrios, “wild, fierce”).

der

αγριο- (agrio-) + μιλώ (miló, “to speak”) → αγριομιλώ (agriomiló, “to speak harshly”)

expressing: wildness, roughness, unruliness, crudity


αγρι-

αγριο- αγριο-#Greek


αγριό-

αγριο- αγριο-#Greek


-ký

chlapec (“boy”) + -ký → chlapecký (“boyish”)

appended to nouns to form adjectives expressing relation to the group of people or animal species

vesnice (“village”) + -ký → vesnický (“rural”)

appended to nouns describing places to form adjectives expressing relation to the place


prìomh-

From Old Irish prím-, prím (“first, primary”) (compare Irish príomh-, Manx preeu-), from Latin prīmus.

primary, principal, first, prime, main, chief


-amail

Irish: -úil

Manx: -oil

Scottish Gaelic: -ail

-like (used to form adjectives from nouns, or occasionally other adjectives)


-amail

Middle Irish: -amhail


-oil

From Middle Irish -amail (compare Irish -úil, Scottish Gaelic -ail, -eil), from Old Irish -amail.

An adjectival suffix applied to various words, usually nouns, to make an adjective.


magnet-

Partially from μᾰ́γνητ- (mắgnēt-), the stem of the Ancient Greek μᾰ́γνης (mắgnēs, “magnet”), and partially a combining form of the English magnet.


־לעך

-lekh (romanization)
־לעך (predicative)
־לעכער (masculine nominative)
־לעך (indefinite neuter nominative)
־לעכע (definite neuter nominative)
־לעכס (neuter nominative postpositional)
־לעכע (feminine nominative)
־לעכע (nominative plural)
־לעכן (accusative masculine)
־לעך (accusative indefinite neuter)
־לעכע (accusative definite neuter)
־לעכס (accusative neuter postpositional)
־לעכע (accusative feminine)
־לעכע (accusative plural)
־לעכן (dative masculine)
־לעך (dative indefinite neuter)
־לעכן (dative definite neuter)
־לעכן (dative neuter postpositional)
־לעכער (dative feminine)
־לעכע (dative plural)

From Middle High German -lich, from Old High German -līh, from Proto-Germanic *-līkaz (“having the body or form of”).


־ונג

From Old High German -unga, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō (compare German -ung, English -ing).


-craft

From Middle English -craft, -creft, from Old English -cræft (“art or skill in”), from cræft (“art, skill”). More at craft.

statecraft

stagecraft


-cræft

-cræft (nominative singular)
-cræftas (nominative plural)
-cræft (accusative singular)
-cræftas (accusative plural)
-cræftes (genitive singular)
-cræfta (genitive plural)
-cræfte (dative singular)
-cræftum (dative plural)

Middle English: -craft, -creft

English: -craft

Identical to the noun cræft (“art, skill, strength”).

hand (“hand”) + -cræft → handcræft (“dexterity”)

sċip (“ship”) + -cræft → sċipcræft (“naval power”)


αερό-

αερο- αερο-#Greek


αερο-

αερο- (aero-) + θερμός (thermós, “warm”) → αερόθερμο (aeróthermo, “fan heater”)

αερο- (aero-) + μεταφέρω (metaféro, “transfer, bear”) → αερομεταφερόμενος (aerometaferómenos, “airborne”)

αερο- (aero-) + φρένο (fréno, “brake”) → αερόφρενο (aerófreno, “air brake”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words connected with the air, the atmosphere or the wind:

αερο- (aero-) + πλοίο (ploío, “ship”) → αερόπλοιο (aeróploio, “airship”)

αερο- (aero-) + γραμμή (grammí, “line”) → αερογραμμή (aerogrammí, “airline”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words connected with aviation; aero-:

αερο- (aero-) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, word”) → αερολογία (aerología, “drivel, nonsense”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words connected with airiness or emptiness:


αερ-

αερο- αερο-#Greek


আ-

Inherited from Sanskrit अ- (a-), with lengthening due to initial stress.


ornitho-

From Ancient Greek ὄρνιθ- (órnith-), the stem of ὄρνις (órnis, “bird”).


pachy-

From Ancient Greek παχύς (pakhús, “thick”).


frilufts-

From fri + luft, used in compound words.


-iam

nominative (indefinite)
-iam (indefinite singular)
vocative (indefinite)
a -iam (indefinite singular)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an -iam (definite singular)
genitive (definite)
dative (definite)
leis an -iam (definite singular)
don -iam (definite singular)


veder-

In most cases the same as German preposition wider (“against, versus”).
In some compounds, rather wieder (“again”).
Possibly also weder (“either, neither, whether”).

Vedermöda, vederlägga och vedergälla är vedertagna ord som kan verka vederkvickande vid vederbörlig användning. Vedervärdig och vederstygglig är i ymnigt bruk, vilket knappast längre kan sägas om vederfara, vedervåga och vedermäle.


-hede

English: -hood, -head

Scots: -heid

From Old English *-hǣd, -hād, *-hǣdu, from Proto-Germanic *haiduz. Compare hod.
The shift of the vowel from /ɔː/ to /oː/ is unexpected. Compare with a similar change in two and who (though in those cases, it is due to the influence of preceding /w/).

Affixed to nouns and adjectives to form nouns denoting position, quality, state, condition or collectivity.


-main

-main (nominative singular)
-maiset (nominative plural)
-maisen (genitive singular)
-maisiin (genitive plural)
-maista (partitive singular)
-maist (partitive singular)
-maisia (partitive plural)
-maisee (illative singular)
-maisii (illative plural)
-maisees (inessive singular)
-maisiis (inessive plural)
-maisest (elative singular)
-maisist (elative plural)
-maiselle (allative singular)
-maisille (allative plural)
-maiseel (adessive singular)
-maisiil (adessive plural)
-maiselt (ablative singular)
-maisilt (ablative plural)
-maiseks (singular translative)
-maisiks (plural translative)
-maisenna (essive singular)
-maiseen (essive singular)
-maisinna (essive plural)
-maisiin (essive plural)
-maisent (exessive singular)
-maisint (exessive plural)

ääri (“edge”) + -main → äärimäin (“extreme”)

Used to form adjectives denoting resemblance to the suffixed noun: -ly


-main

From Latin mente, ablative singular of mēns (“mind”).

(Grischun, Sursilvan) Used to form adverbs from adjectives; -wise, -ly, -ally


av-

off, from, down (see adjective, adverb av, German ab-, Danish af-)


heli-

helico-

indirectly related through the root for spiral/helix


-λάτρης

grc-noun

-λᾰ́τρης • (-lắtrēs) m (genitive -λᾰ́τρου); first declension

-λᾰ́τρης (canonical)
-lắtrēs (romanization)
-λᾰ́τρου (genitive)
-λᾰ́τρης (nominative singular)
-λᾰ́τρᾱ (dual nominative)
-λᾰ́τραι (nominative plural)
-λᾰ́τρου (genitive singular)
-λᾰ́τραιν (dual genitive)
-λᾰτρῶν (genitive plural)
-λᾰ́τρῃ (dative singular)
-λᾰ́τραιν (dative dual)
-λᾰ́τραις (dative plural)
-λᾰ́τρην (accusative singular)
-λᾰ́τρᾱ (accusative dual)
-λᾰ́τρᾱς (accusative plural)
-λᾰ́τρᾰ (singular vocative)
-λᾰ́τρᾱ (dual vocative)
-λᾰ́τραι (plural vocative)

→ English: -later

→ French: -lâtre

> Greek: -λάτρης (-látris) (inherited)

→ Italian: -latra

→ Latin: -latrēs

→ Spanish: -latra

→ Portuguese: -latra

From λᾰτρ- (lătr-), stem of λατρεύω (latreúō, “to serve, serve gods”) + -ης (-ēs).

-later (server, to be subject, to serve gods)


sheer-

sheer- (mutation mutation-radical)
heer- (lenition mutation)
after "yn" (lenition mutation)
çheer- (lenition mutation)

From Old Irish sír (“lasting, constant”) (compare Irish síor-, Scottish Gaelic sìor-).

continuous, endless, permanent, interminable, perpetual, ceaseless, persistent, lasting, continual, unending, constant


-ան

From Middle Armenian -ան (-an), from Old Armenian -ան (-an).

խցան


-ան

Armenian: -ան (-an)


-որ

From Proto-Indo-European *-(e)ro- suffix with a preceding -o- vowel, which probably arose by regressive assimilation. See also -ար (-ar).

an unproductive suffix of unknown function


-iasis

A Latin word-forming element meaning "process" or "morbid condition". Originally from Ancient Greek ἴασις (íasis).

(pathology) A pathological condition or process.


tessara-

From the Ancient Greek τέσσᾰρᾰ (téssără), the neuter plural and combining form of τέσσᾰρες (téssăres, “four”); compare tetra-.


-eh

(added to nouns) possessor, owner; indicates a noun that possesses the root noun, either as property or as an attribute.


-είο

-eío (romanization)
-είο (nominative singular)
-εία (nominative plural)
-είου (genitive singular)
-είων (genitive plural)
-είο (accusative singular)
-εία (accusative plural)
-είο (singular vocative)
-εία (plural vocative)

Esperanto: -ejo

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -εῖον (-eîon). Often found already in ancient words, or used to create new modern terms.

lbor

ιατρός (iatrós, “doctor”) + -είο (-eío) → ιατρείο (iatreío, “doctor's surgery”)

νεκρός (nekrós, “dead”) + τάφος (táfos, “grave”) + -είο (-eío) → νεκροταφείο (nekrotafeío, “cemetery”)

έλαιο (élaio, “oil”) + τρίβω (trívo, “to grind”) + -είο (-eío) → ελαιοτριβείο (elaiotriveío, “olive press”)

άρτος (ártos, “bread”) + πωλώ (poló, “to sell”) + -είο (-eío) → αρτοπωλείο (artopoleío, “bread shop”)

denotes a relationship with a place, building, etc

κυβερν(άω, -ώ) (kyvern(áo, -ó), “govern”) + -είο (-eío) → κυβερνείο (kyverneío, “government house”)

(by extension) the service based in this building


by-

Partly from a combining form of by (“by, near, around”), and partly continuing Middle English bi-, by-, from Old English bī- (“by, near, around”), from Proto-Germanic *bi- (“by-”). Cognate with Dutch bij-, German bei-.

bystander, bypass


kül-

kül- + város (“city”) → külváros (“suburb”)

kül- + föld (“land”) → külföld (“foreign countries”)

(noun prefix) external, foreign, outside of something


medel-

See the noun medel. Originally an adjective, now extinct, lives on as a prefix.


ga-

desctree

Old English: ġe-, i- — Late West Saxon, gæ- — Anglian, gi- — Northumbrian, ie- — Kentish
Middle English: ȝe-, i-, y-
English: a-, y-, i- (obsolete)

desc

Old Frisian: ge-, gi-, je-, ie-, e-, i-, a-

Saterland Frisian: ge-

West Frisian: ge-

desctree

Old Saxon: gi-, i-, ge-, ga-
Middle Low German: ge-
Low German: ge-, e-, je-

Old Dutch: gi-, ge-
Middle Dutch: ghe-, ge-, (West-Flanders) i-, y-
Dutch: ge-
Afrikaans: ge-
West Flemish: ge-, e-

Old High German: gi-, ga-, ki-, ka-
Middle High German: ge-
Alemannic German: g- or ge- (euphonic)
Bavarian: g-
German: ge-
Luxembourgish: ge-
Vilamovian: gy-
Yiddish: גע־ (ge-)

past participles
past participle#English

forms past participles or participle adjectives from verbs


irid-

From stem of Ancient Greek of ἶρις (îris, “the rainbow; colored circle, colored portion of the eye, something bent or curved”).


-ell

Inherited from Old Catalan -ell, from Latin -ellus, an extension of -lus.

Coordinate term: (feminine) -ella

added to masculine nouns to denote a diminutive form


-ell

Borrowed from French -el, ultimately from Latin -ālis.

pertaining or adhering to; adjectival suffix attaching to nouns


-ell

-al, of or pertaining to; making an adjective based on a noun


tekno-

Internationalism (see English techno-), ultimately from Ancient Greek τέχνη (tékhnē).


haza-

From haz, an older form of ház (“house, home”) + -a.

haza- + megy (“to go”) → hazamegy (“to go home”)

(verbal prefix) home (it indicates one's home or country)


-köpfig

Ein 20-köpfiges Team von Top-Bergsteigern aus Nepal will sich Ende April auf den Weg in die Gipfelregion des Mount Everest machen, […]

2010, Der Spiegel, number 5/2010, page 101:

A team of 20 top mountain climbers from Nepal wants to head to the summit region of Mount Everest at the end of April, […]


-nta

head

-nta (front vowel harmony variant -ntä, linguistic notation -ntA)

From Proto-Finnic *-nta, equal to -na (essive suffix) + -ta (partitive suffix, from Uralic ablative). Cognate with Estonian -nt and Ingrian -nt.

erota presidentintä


-হীন

Derived from Sanskrit हीन (hīna, “abandoned; devoid of”), accompanying a change in the word class, from an adjective to a suffix for expressing the lack of something. This word has been semi-nativised and is sometimes used in non-Sanskrit derived words, but not typically.

der+

প্রেমহীন ― premhīn ― loveless

Suffix appended to nouns to create adjectives, indicating a lack of; -less


-ত্ব

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit -त्व (-tva).


-óc

-óc (nominative singular)
-óic (dual nominative)
-óca (nominative plural)
-óc (singular vocative)
-óic (dual vocative)
-óca (plural vocative)
-óic (accusative singular)
-óic (accusative dual)
-óca (accusative plural)
-óice (genitive singular)
-óc (dual genitive)
-óc (genitive plural)
-óic (dative singular)
-ócaib (dative dual)
-ócaib (dative plural)

Irish: -óg

Manx: -ag

Scottish Gaelic: -ag

Borrowed from Proto-Brythonic *-ọg, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos. Doublet of -ach.

tu (“your”) + med (“weight?”) + -óc → Tu-Medóc (hypocoristic)

do (“your”) + bec (“little”) + -óc → Do-Becóc (hypocoristic)

mo (“my”) + cíar (“black”) + -óc → Mo-Chíaróc (hypocoristic)


bun-

(except of d, s, t) (triggers-lenition)
bun-
bhun-
mbun-

basic, fundamental, primary, ultimate, original, base, elementary


bun-

bun- (mutation mutation-radical)
vun- (lenition mutation)
mun- (eclipsis mutation)


-oto

pt-noun

-oto m (noun-forming suffix, plural -otos)


hopl-

From the Ancient Greek ὅπλον (hóplon, “weapon; piece of armour”); related to hoplite.


-তা

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit -ता (-tā).


-grafi

From the Ancient Greek verb γράφω (gráphō).


-grafi

-graphy; pertaining to writing and recording


-edo

bovo (“head of cattle”); bovedoj (“bovids, the Bovidae family”)

cervo (“deer”); cervedoj (“cervids, the Cervidae family”)

homo (“human”); homedoj (“hominids, the Hominidae family”)

leporo (“rabbit”); leporedoj (“leporids, the Leporidae family”)

urso (“bear”); ursedoj (“ursids, the Ursidae family”)

(zoology) member of taxonomic family named after an animal


-edo

-ēdō (canonical feminine)
-ēdinis (genitive)
-ēdō (nominative singular)
-ēdinēs (nominative plural)
-ēdinis (genitive singular)
-ēdinum (genitive plural)
-ēdinī (dative singular)
-ēdinibus (dative plural)
-ēdinem (accusative singular)
-ēdinēs (accusative plural)
-ēdine (ablative singular)
-ēdinibus (ablative plural)
-ēdō (singular vocative)
-ēdinēs (plural vocative)

Old Galician-Portuguese: -een

Galician: -én

absūmō + -ēdō → absūmēdō

dulcis + -ēdō → dulcēdō

gravis + -ēdō → gravēdō

torpeō + -ēdō → torpēdō

suffixed to the roots of adjectives and verbs, chiefly forms abstract nouns


-edo

pt-noun

-edo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -edos)

árvore (“tree”) + -edo → arvoredo (“grove”)


-edo

haya (“beech”) + -edo → hayedo (“beech wood”)

forms collective nouns, most commonly regarding plants


-մն

From Proto-Indo-European *-men-, *-mn̥ suffix. Compare -ումն (-umn).


-ունք

Abstracted away from the plural ending of n-type nouns: թոռն (tʻoṙn) - թոռունք (tʻoṙunkʻ), հարսն (harsn) - հարսունք (harsunkʻ), ողն (ołn) - ողունք (ołunkʻ) from Proto-Indo-European *-on-es. See also -ինք (-inkʻ).


-meal

From Middle English mele, from Old English melu (“meal, flour”), from Proto-Germanic *melwą (“meal, flour”), from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to grind, mill”). More at meal.


-pter

From Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing”).


hermi-

Compare the verb herma (“to mimic”) and the noun hermir (“a simulator”).


athero-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek ἀθάρη (athárē, “gruel”).

(medicine) arterial conditions that are characterised by gruel-like lesions

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


hippo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos).


hylo-

hylo- + biologia → hylobiologia


dactylo-

New Latin dactylo- (from Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”))


dactylo-

From Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”).


-phyll

From Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”).


mast-

From Ancient Greek μάσταξ (mástax, “jaws, what chews”).


ichno-

From Ancient Greek ἴχνος (íkhnos, “footprint”).


ichthyo-

From Ancient Greek ἰχθύς (ikhthús, “fish”).


-corn

Latin caducus + -corn → caducicorn

culmen + -corn → culminicorn

deca- + -corn → decacorn


mytho-

Derived from Ancient Greek μῦθος m (mûthos). Compare Latin mȳthos m.
Cognates include English mytho-, Italian mito-.


oneiro-

From Ancient Greek ὄνειρος (óneiros, “dream”).


-odont

From the oblique stem of Ancient Greek ὀδούς (odoús).


panto-

From Ancient Greek παντ- (pant-), combining form of πᾶς (pâs, “all”).


pterido-

From Ancient Greek πτέρις (ptéris, “fern”).


spondylo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek σπόνδυλος (spóndulos).

(biology, medicine) Vertebra; vertebral column (spine, spinal).


taxi-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τάξις (táxis, “arrangement, ordering”).


taxi-

bor+

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τάξις (táxis, “arrangement, ordering”)


K-

K-beauty, K-drama, K-pop

Korean; used to denote nouns relating to the (popular) culture of South Korea.


־ין

From Middle High German -inne, -in, -īn (cognate to German -in).

קיניג (kinig, “king”) + ־ין (-in) → קיניגין (kinigin, “queen”)

Suffixed to animate nouns to create a feminine form


-ari

ca-adj

-ari (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ària, masculine plural -aris, feminine plural -àries)

-ària (feminine)
-aris (masculine plural)
-àries (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin -ārius. Doublet of -er.

revolució (“revolution”) + -ari → revolucionari (“revolutionary”)

forms adjectives, from nouns, meaning “of or related to the suffixed nouns”


-ari

fo-noun

-ari m (genitive singular -ara, plural -arar)

-ara (genitive singular)
-arar (plural)
-ari (indefinite nominative singular)
-arin (definite nominative singular)
-arar (indefinite nominative plural)
-ararnir (definite nominative plural)
-ara (accusative indefinite singular)
-aran (accusative definite singular)
-arar (accusative indefinite plural)
-ararnar (accusative definite plural)
-ara (dative indefinite singular)
-aranum (dative definite singular)
-arum (dative indefinite plural)
-arunum (dative definite plural)
-ara (genitive indefinite singular)
-arans (definite genitive singular)
-ara (genitive indefinite plural)
-aranna (definite genitive plural)

From the Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”), from Middle Low German [Term?], from Latin -ārius.

inh

at baka (“to bake”) + -ari → bakari (“a baker”).

-er, -or; (a masculine suffix used to form agent nouns from verb and noun stems)


-ari

is-noun

-ari m (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -ara, nominative plural -arar)

-ara (genitive singular)
-arar (nominative plural)
-ari (indefinite nominative singular)
-arinn (definite nominative singular)
-arar (indefinite nominative plural)
-ararnir (definite nominative plural)
-ara (accusative indefinite singular)
-arann (accusative definite singular)
-ara (accusative indefinite plural)
-arana (accusative definite plural)
-ara (dative indefinite singular)
-aranum (dative definite singular)
-urum (dative indefinite plural)
-urunum (dative definite plural)
-ara (genitive indefinite singular)
-arans (definite genitive singular)
-ara (genitive indefinite plural)
-aranna (definite genitive plural)

Inherited from Old Norse -ari (suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs). This suffix is not Germanic, ultimately deriving from Latin -ārius through borrowings, and lives on in different guises in the Germanic languages, e.g., in the German -er, used for the same purpose.

inh+

leika (“to act”) + -ari → leikari (“actor”)

-er, -or; a masculine suffix used to form agent nouns from verb and noun stems


-ari

Middle High German: -ære, -er

Alemannic German: -er

Bavarian: -er

Cimbrian: -ar

German: -er

Luxembourgish: -er

Yiddish: ־ער (-er)

from nouns: buoch (“book”) + -āri → buochāri (“scholar”)

from verbs: hëlfan (“to help”) + -āri → hëlfāri (“helper”)


-aggio

it-noun

-aggio m (noun-forming suffix, plural -aggi)

From Latin -āticum, probably through Old Occitan -atge; cf. also Old French -age, Sicilian -aju. Doublet of -atico.

montare (“to assemble”) + -aggio → montaggio (“assembly”)

-age; forms nouns indicating an action or result related to the root verb

tenda (“curtain”) + -aggio → tendaggio (“curtains, blinds”)

-age; forms nouns indicating collection or appurtenance


-är

From French -aire. Doublet of -er and -ar.

Revolution + -är → Revolutionär


-är

revolution + -är → revolutionär (“revolutionary”)

spektakel (“spectacle”) + -är → spektakulär (“spectacular”)

-ar, -ary, -air; turning a noun into an adjective


-ejar

ca-verb

-ejar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -ejo, first-person singular preterite -egí, past participle -ejat)

-ejo (first-person present singular)
-egí (first-person preterite singular)
-ejat (participle past)

Inherited from Late Latin -izāre. Doublet of -itzar, which was borrowed.


-ejar

Inherited from Late Latin -izāre. Doublet of -izar, which was borrowed.


-ejar

pt-verb

-ejar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -ejo, first-person singular preterite -ejei, past participle -ejado)

-ejo (first-person present singular)
-ejei (first-person preterite singular)
-ejado (participle past)
-ejar (impersonal infinitive)
-ejar (first-person infinitive singular)
-ejares (infinitive second-person singular)
-ejar (infinitive singular third-person)
-ejarmos (first-person infinitive plural)
-ejardes (infinitive plural second-person)
-ejarem (infinitive plural third-person)
-ejando (gerund)
-ejado (masculine participle past singular)
-ejados (masculine participle past plural)
-ejada (feminine participle past singular)
-ejadas (feminine participle past plural)
-ejo (first-person indicative present singular)
-ejas (indicative present second-person singular)
-eja (indicative present singular third-person)
-ejamos (first-person indicative plural present)
-ejais (indicative plural present second-person)
-ejam (indicative plural present third-person)
-ejava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-ejavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-ejava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-ejávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-ejáveis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-ejavam (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-ejei (first-person indicative preterite singular)
-ejaste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
-ejou (indicative preterite singular third-person)
-ejamos (Brazil first-person indicative plural preterite)
-ejámos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
-ejastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
-ejaram (indicative plural preterite third-person)
-ejara (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
-ejaras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
-ejara (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
-ejáramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
-ejáreis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
-ejaram (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
-ejarei (first-person future indicative singular)
-ejarás (future indicative second-person singular)
-ejará (future indicative singular third-person)
-ejaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
-ejareis (future indicative plural second-person)
-ejarão (future indicative plural third-person)
-ejaria (conditional first-person singular)
-ejarias (conditional second-person singular)
-ejaria (conditional singular third-person)
-ejaríamos (conditional first-person plural)
-ejaríeis (conditional plural second-person)
-ejariam (conditional plural third-person)
-eje (first-person present singular subjunctive)
-ejes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
-eje (present singular subjunctive third-person)
-ejemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
-ejeis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
-ejem (plural present subjunctive third-person)
-ejasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-ejasses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-ejasse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-ejássemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-ejásseis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-ejassem (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-ejar (first-person future singular subjunctive)
-ejares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
-ejar (future singular subjunctive third-person)
-ejarmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
-ejardes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
-ejarem (future plural subjunctive third-person)
-eja (imperative positive second-person singular)
-eje (imperative positive singular third-person)
-ejemos (first-person imperative plural positive)
-ejai (imperative plural positive second-person)
-ejem (imperative plural positive third-person)
não -ejes (imperative negative second-person singular)
não -eje (imperative negative singular third-person)
não -ejemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
não -ejeis (imperative negative plural second-person)
não -ejem (imperative negative plural third-person)

From Old Galician-Portuguese -ejar, inherited from Late Latin -izāre. Doublet of -izar, which was borrowed.

gota (“drop”) + -ejar → gotejar (“to drip”)

-le (forms verbs with the frequentative aspect)


-իք

-ikʻ (romanization)
-իք (nominative singular)
-իքներ (nominative plural)
-իքի (dative singular)
-իքների (dative plural)
-իքից (ablative singular)
-իքներից (ablative plural)
-իքով (instrumental singular)
-իքներով (instrumental plural)
-իքում (locative singular)
-իքներում (locative plural)
-իքը (definite nominative singular)
-իքն (definite nominative singular)
-իքները (definite nominative plural)
-իքներն (definite nominative plural)
-իքին (dative definite singular)
-իքներին (dative definite plural)
-իքս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
-իքներս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
-իքիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
-իքներիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
-իքիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
-իքներիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
-իքովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
-իքներովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
-իքումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
-իքներումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
-իքդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
-իքներդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
-իքիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
-իքներիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
-իքիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
-իքներիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
-իքովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
-իքներովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
-իքումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
-իքներումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

-իքները/-իքներն


-իք

-ikʻ (romanization)
-իք (nominative plural-only)
-եաց (genitive plural-only)
-եաց (dative plural-only)
-իս (accusative plural-only)
-եաց (ablative plural-only)
-եաւք = -եօք (-eawkʻ = -eōkʻ) (instrumental plural-only)
-իս (locative plural-only)

xcl-decl-noun-pl

-եաւք = -եօք


síor-

From síor (“eternal, perpetual; continual”), from Old Irish sír (“lasting, constant”) (compare Manx sheer-, Scottish Gaelic sìor-).

síorchaint

(act of) talking continually; never-ending talk

síoraí

eternal, perpetual; unceasing, continual; constant, persevering


wither-

From Middle English wither-, from Old English wiþer- (“again, against”), from Proto-West Germanic *wiþra-, from Proto-Germanic *wiþrą (“against, toward”), from Proto-Indo-European *wī-tero- (“further apart”), *wī- (“separate, alone”). Cognate with Low German wedder (“against”), Dutch weer (“again, back”), German wider (“against, contrary to”), wieder (“again”). More at with.

der

(now chiefly UK dialectal, Scotland) Prefix meaning: "against", "in opposition to"; "in return"; "counter-"; "contrary (to)"; "in the opposite direction (of or to)"; "backwards".


dí-

From Proto-Celtic *dī-, from Proto-Indo-European *de; cognate with Latin dē-.


-aght

From Old Irish -acht (compare Scottish Gaelic -achd, Irish -acht).

Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns roughly corresponding to English -ness, -hood, -ity, or -ure.


-pis

-pis (nominative singular)
-pisy (nominative plural)
-pisu (genitive singular)
-pisů (genitive plural)
-pisu (dative singular)
-pisům (dative plural)
-pis (accusative singular)
-pisy (accusative plural)
-pise (singular vocative)
-pisy (plural vocative)
-pise (locative singular)
-pisu (locative singular)
-pisech (locative plural)
-pisem (instrumental singular)
-pisy (instrumental plural)


-íssim

ca-adj

-íssim (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -íssima, masculine plural -íssims, feminine plural -íssimes)

-íssima (feminine)
-íssims (masculine plural)
-íssimes (feminine plural)

absolute superlative
absolute superlative#English

forms the absolute superlative of adjectives


सु-

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀼- (su-), from Sanskrit सु- (su-), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hsu-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-. Also borrowed from Sanskrit सु- (su-) in many cases.

inh+

सु- (su-) + कर्म (karm, “deed”) → सुकर्म (sukarm, “a good deed”)


सु-

Inherited from Old Marathi सु- (su-), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀲𑀼- (su-), from Sanskrit सु- (su-). Also borrowed from Sanskrit सु- (su-) in many cases.

सु- (su-) + दैव (daiv, “fortune”) → सुदैव (sudaiv, “good fortune”)


सु-

Pali: su-

→ Assamese: সু- (xu-)

→ Bengali: সু- (śu-)

→ Burmese: သု (su.)

→ Gujarati: સુ- (su-)

→ Hindi: सु- (su-)

→ Kannada: ಸು- (su-)

→ Odia: ସୁ- (su-)

→ Old Marathi: सु- (su-)

Marathi: सु- (su-)

→ Punjabi: ਸੁ- (su-)

→ Telugu: సు- (su-)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wes-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-
Sanskrit सु- (su-)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hsu-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-.

etymon

सु- (su-) + गन्ध (gandha, “smell”) → सुगन्ध (sugandha, “good smell, perfume”)


-rel

From Middle English -rel, -erel, from Old French -erel, -erelle.

waste + -rel → wastrel

cock + -rel → cockerel


-ισσα

grc-noun

-ῐσσᾰ • (-ĭssă) f (genitive -ῐ́σσης); first declension

-ῐσσᾰ (canonical)
-ĭssă (romanization)
-ῐ́σσης (genitive)
-ῐσσᾰ (nominative singular)
-ῐσσᾱ (dual nominative)
-ῐσσαι (nominative plural)
-ῐσσης (genitive singular)
-ῐσσαιν (dual genitive)
-ῐσσῶν (genitive plural)
-ῐσσῃ (dative singular)
-ῐσσαιν (dative dual)
-ῐσσαις (dative plural)
-ῐσσᾰν (accusative singular)
-ῐσσᾱ (accusative dual)
-ῐσσᾱς (accusative plural)
-ῐσσᾰ (singular vocative)
-ῐσσᾱ (dual vocative)
-ῐσσαι (plural vocative)

Greek: -ισσα (-issa)

desctree

Latin: -issa
Aromanian: -easã
Catalan: -essa
Italian: -essa
Old French: -esse
Middle French: -esse
French: -esse
Norman: -êsse
→ Middle Dutch: -esse
Dutch: -es, -esse
→ Middle English: -esse, -es, -ess, -asse, -as, -eyse, -eys, -eis, -isse, -ysse, -iss, -yss, -ys, -is
English: -ess
Portuguese: -esa
Romanian: -easă, -esă
Sicilian: -issa
Spanish: -esa
→ Albanian: -eshë
→ Proto-Brythonic: *-issā
Welsh: -es
Breton: -ez

Extracted from feminine derivations in -ια (-ia) of demonyms in -ικ- (with palatalisation), like Κίλισσα (Kílissa) from Κίλιξ (Kílix).

στῡλῑ́της (stūlī́tēs) + -ισσα (-issa) → στῡλῑ́τῐσσᾰ f (stūlī́tĭssă)

femininizes masculine nouns in the first declension


-ισσα

-issa (romanization)
-ισσα (nominative singular)
-ισσες (nominative plural)
-ισσας (genitive singular)
-ισσών (genitive plural)
-ισσα (accusative singular)
-ισσες (accusative plural)
-ισσα (singular vocative)
-ισσες (plural vocative)

βασιλιάς m (vasiliás, “king”) + -ισσα (-issa) → βασίλισσα f (vasílissa, “queen”)

μάγειρας m (mágeiras, “cook”) + -ισσα (-issa) → μαγείρισσα f (mageírissa, “cook”)

feminises masculine nouns ending in -ας, -ης, -ος, etc.


-rey

Collective suffix, attached to nouns or adjectives, used to form nouns


för-

From Old Norse for-, fyr-, fir-, Proto-Germanic *fra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“before, in front of”).

der

förort

förfader

förhud

förhistoria

förindustriell

fördom

förbeställa

fore-, pre-, before; related to German vor-, emphasis on 1st syllable, see also före-


-side

Deeside, Humberside, Merseyside, Tameside, Teesside

(chiefly UK) Forms proper nouns naming the conurbation around a river.


-wich

From Middle English wic, from Old English wīc (“abode, dwelling-place”), an early borrowing from Latin vīcus (“village”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ- (“village, household”).
Latin cognate to Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍃 (weihs), Old High German weihs (“village, settlement”), from Proto-Germanic *wīhsą (“village, settlement”) of the same Proto-Indo-European root. Cognate to Dutch wijk (“neighbourhood”), and may replace it in borrowings. A related form with similar origin is Icelandic vík.

cog

(in placenames) Village; settlement; hamlet; trading centre.


-ologo

Ancient Greek, reinforced by many other languages

-logist (indicates a scientific profession)


אנטי־

he-prefix

אַנְטִי־ • (anti-)

אַנְטִי־ (canonical)
anti- (romanization)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).

אנטישמי

אנטי־חומר — anti-khomer — antimatter

אנטי גיבור — ánti gibór — antihero

כאתאיסטים ואנטי-מיליטריסטים, צמחונים ואנטי-אלכוהוליסטים, […]
k'ate'ístim v'anti-militarístim, tsimkhoním v'anti-alkoholístim, […]

2011 October 19, Dalia Karpel (דליה קרפל), “סיפורו המופלא של ההולנדי מהגליל, שעד יום מותו לא ידע שהוא יהודי”, (sipúr hamuflá shél haholándi meihagalíl, she'ád yóm motó ló yadá shehú y'hudí, “The amazing story of the Dutchman from the Galilee, who died never knowing that he was Jewish”), in Haaretz online

As atheists and anti-militarists, vegetarians and anti-alcoholists, […]

Anti-: forming words and compounds indicating antagonism, hostility, complementarity, reversal, and so on.


ημι-

From Ancient Greek ἥμισυς (hḗmisus, “half”).

ημι- (imi-) + αστέρας (astéras, “star”) → ημιαστέρας (imiastéras, “quasar”)


-άδα

-áda (romanization)
-άδα (nominative singular)
-άδες (nominative plural)
-άδας (genitive singular)
-άδων (genitive plural)
-άδα (accusative singular)
-άδες (accusative plural)
-άδα (singular vocative)
-άδες (plural vocative)

βάρκα (várka, “boat”) + -άδα (-áda) → βαρκάδα (varkáda, “boating”)

άμαξα (ámaxa, “carriage”) + -άδα (-áda) → αμαξάδα (amaxáda, “going for a drive”)

φρόνιμος (frónimos, “sensible”) + -άδα (-áda) → φρονιμάδα (fronimáda, “wisdom”)

νόστιμος (nóstimos, “tasty”) + -άδα (-áda) → νοστιμάδα (nostimáda, “flavour, piquancy”)

πορτοκάλι (portokáli, “orange”) + -άδα (-áda) → πορτοκαλάδα (portokaláda, “orangeade”)

τρία (tría, “three”) + -άδα (-áda) → τριάδα (triáda, “triad, set of three”)

δώδεκα (dódeka, “twelve”) + -άδα (-áda) → δωδεκάδα (dodekáda, “dozen”)

είκοσι (eíkosi, “twenty”) + -άδα (-áda) → εικοσάδα (eikosáda, “score, set of twenty”)

collective numeral
collective numeral#English

Used to form a collective numeral from a cardinal number (meaning a group of or a set of):


-ού

-oú (romanization)
-άς (masculine)
-ού (nominative singular)
-ούδες (nominative plural)
-ούς (genitive singular)
-ούδων (genitive plural)
-ού (accusative singular)
-ούδες (accusative plural)
-ού (singular vocative)
-ούδες (plural vocative)

Transformation of Byzantine Greek -ώ (-ṓ), (a suffix used in female name) using the ending of ἀλωπού (alōpoú, “fox”) as a phonetic basis.

μύλος (mýlos, “mill”) + -ού (-oú) → μυλωνού (mylonoú, “miller”)

ψάρι (psári, “fish”) + -ού (-oú) → ψαρού (psaroú, “fisherwoman”)

αβγό (avgó, “egg”) + -ού (-oú) → αβγουλού (avgouloú, “eggseller”)

added to a noun to create occupation nouns for female people:

γλώσσα (glóssa, “tongue, cheek”) + -ού (-oú) → γλωσσού (glossoú, “gobby woman”)

χείλος (cheílos, “lip”) + -ού (-oú) → χειλού (cheiloú, “big-lipped woman”)

added to a noun to create augmentative nouns for female people, in other words that they possess the quality in excess:

Μιχαλάς (Michalás, “Michalas”) + -ού (-oú) → Μιχαλού (Michaloú)

Νικολάς (Nikolás, “Nicholas”) + -ού (-oú) → Νικολού (Nikoloú)


-άς

grc-noun

-ᾰ́ς • (-ắs) f (genitive -ᾰ́δος); third declension

-ᾰ́ς (canonical)
-ắs (romanization)
-ᾰ́δος (genitive)
-ᾰ́ς (nominative singular)
-ᾰ́δε (dual nominative)
-ᾰ́δες (nominative plural)
-ᾰ́δος (genitive singular)
-ᾰ́δοιν (dual genitive)
-ᾰ́δων (genitive plural)
-ᾰ́δῐ (dative singular)
-ᾰ́δοιν (dative dual)
-ᾰ́σῐ (dative plural)
-ᾰ́σῐν (dative plural)
-ắsĭ (dative plural)
-ắsĭn (dative plural)
-ᾰ́δᾰ (accusative singular)
-ᾰ́δε (accusative dual)
-ᾰ́δᾰς (accusative plural)
-ᾰ́ς (singular vocative)
-ᾰ́δε (dual vocative)
-ᾰ́δες (plural vocative)

Related to -άζω (-ázō, verb-forming suffix) and possibly -ων (-ōn). Cognate with Sanskrit -अत् (-at) and Hittite -𒀭𒍝.

δέκᾰ (dékă, “ten”) + -άς (-ás) → δεκάς (dekás, “the number ten, group of ten”)

Forms abstract or collective nouns of number from numerals.


-άς

-ás (romanization)
-ού (feminine)
-άς (nominative singular)
-άδες (nominative plural)
-ά (genitive singular)
-άδων (genitive plural)
-ά (accusative singular)
-άδες (accusative plural)
-ά (singular vocative)
-άδες (plural vocative)

μύλος (mýlos, “mill”) + -άς (-ás) → μυλωνάς (mylonás, “miller”)

γάλα (gála, “milk”) + -άς (-ás) → γαλατάς (galatás, “milkman, dairyman”)

γυναίκα (gynaíka, “woman”) + -άς (-ás) → γυναικάς (gynaikás, “womaniser”)

φαγητό (fagitó, “food”) + -άς (-ás) → φαγάς (fagás, “gourmand, greedy guts”)

added to another noun to create agent nouns:


-ύτητα

-ýtita (romanization)
-ύτητα (nominative singular)
-ύτητας (genitive singular)
-ύτητα (accusative singular)
-ύτητα (singular vocative)
-ύτητα (nominative singular)
-ύτητες (nominative plural)
-ύτητας (genitive singular)
-υτήτων (genitive plural)
-ύτητα (accusative singular)
-ύτητες (accusative plural)
-ύτητα (singular vocative)
-ύτητες (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek -τητᾰ (-tētă), accusative singular form of Ancient Greek -της (-tēs).

-ότητα -ότητα#Greek


hi-

hi- + l- (“classifier”) + -ghaał (“wriggle”) → hilghaał (“he/she is wriggling (somewhere)”)

Marks the seriative subaspect, which describes actions that take place seriatim.


hi-

Borrowed from English he- as in "he-ass", "he-bear", "he-bitch", "he-goat", "he-wolf".


ji-

Borrowed from English she- as in "she-ass", "she-bear", "she-bitch", "she-goat", "she-wolf", "She-Ra".


-arie

arkiv (“archive”) → arkivarie (“archivist”)

-ary, -ist; (forms the name of a profession)


-itet

-ity (forming abstract nouns from adjectives, especially ones of Romance origin)


-öp

kipedön (“to keep”) → kipedöp (“store (storage place)”)


-ωμα

Greek: -ωμα (-oma)

→ English: -oma, -ome

→ French: -ome

→ Italian: -oma

→ Portuguese: -oma

→ Spanish: -oma

From -όω (-óō) + -μα (-ma) (from Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥), which lengthens a preceding vowel.

a suffix indicating a structure or mass (especially pathological)


-ωμα

-oma (romanization)
-ωμα (nominative singular)
-ώματα (nominative plural)
-ώματος (genitive singular)
-ωμάτων (genitive plural)
-ωμα (accusative singular)
-ώματα (accusative plural)
-ωμα (singular vocative)
-ώματα (plural vocative)

a suffix indicating a structure, system, or object


-ingaz

-ingaz (nominative singular)
-ingōz (nominative plural)
-ingōs (nominative plural)
-ing (singular vocative)
-ingōz (plural vocative)
-ingōs (plural vocative)
-ingą (accusative singular)
-inganz (accusative plural)
-ingas (genitive singular)
-ingis (genitive singular)
-ingǫ̂ (genitive plural)
-ingai (dative singular)
-ingamaz (dative plural)
-ingō (instrumental singular)
-ingamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *-ing

Old English: -ing

Middle English: -ing, -yng

English: -ing

Scots: -ing, -in, -een

Old Frisian: -ing

Saterland Frisian: -ing

West Frisian: -ing

Old Saxon: -ing

Middle Low German: -inc

German Low German: -ing

Old Dutch: -ing

Middle Dutch: -inc

Dutch: -ing (also -ink in names)

Old High German: -ing

Middle High German: -inc

German: -ing

desctree

Old Norse: -ingr
Icelandic: -ingur
Faroese: -ingur
Norwegian Nynorsk: -ing
Norwegian Bokmål: -ing
Old Swedish: -inger
Swedish: -ing, -ling
Danish: -ing

→ Vulgar Latin: *-ingus, *-engus

Spanish: -(l)engo

desc

French: -(l)ingien, -(l)ange, -(l)ans, -(l)ine, -(l)ingues

Italian: -ingo, -engo, -lengo

Galician: -(l)engo

Portuguese: -engo

Occitan: -enc

Catalan: -enc

Unknown. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-, or possibly from *-īnaz + *-gaz. Compare *-ungō (suffix forming gerunds).

Forms derivatives of nouns with sense of 'belonging to, coming from, descending from'.


-hw

Gothic: -𐌿𐌷 (-uh)

From Proto-Indo-European *-kʷe. Cognate with Latin -que.

Forms distributives from interrogatives.


-iskaz

-iskaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
-iskai (masculine nominative plural strong)
-iskō (feminine nominative singular strong)
-iskôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
-iską (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
-iskō (neuter nominative plural strong)
-iskanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
-iskanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
-iskǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
-iskōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
-iską (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
-iskō (accusative neuter plural strong)
-iskas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-iskis (genitive masculine singular strong)
-iskaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
-iskaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
-iskaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
-iskas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-iskis (genitive neuter singular strong)
-iskaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
-iskammai (dative masculine singular strong)
-iskaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
-iskaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
-iskaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
-iskammai (dative neuter singular strong)
-iskaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
-iskanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
-iskaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
-iskaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
-iskaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
-iskanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
-iskaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
-iskô (masculine nominative singular weak)
-iskaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
-iskǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
-iskōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
-iskô (neuter nominative singular weak)
-iskōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
-iskanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
-iskanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
-iskōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
-iskōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
-iskô (accusative neuter singular weak)
-iskōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
-iskiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
-iskanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
-iskōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
-iskōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
-iskiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
-iskanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
-iskini (dative masculine singular weak)
-iskammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
-iskōni (dative feminine singular weak)
-iskōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
-iskini (dative neuter singular weak)
-iskammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
-iskinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
-iskammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
-iskōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
-iskōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
-iskinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
-iskammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *-isk
Old English: -isċ, -isċe
Middle English: -ish, -isch
Scots: -is, -ish
English: -ish
Old Frisian: -isk
Saterland Frisian: -sk, -isk
West Frisian: -sk
Old Saxon: -isk, -isc
Low German: -isch, -isk
Plautdietsch: -isch
Old Dutch: *-isk, *-sk
Middle Dutch: -sc, -sch
Dutch: -s
Old High German: -isc
Middle High German: -isch
German: -isch
→ Dutch: -isch
Afrikaans: -ies
→ Indonesian: -is
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: -isch
Luxembourgish: -esch
Vilamovian: -yś
Yiddish: ־יש (-ish)
→ Late Latin: -iscus (see there for further descendants)
English: -esque

Old Norse: -skr, -iskr

Icelandic: -skur, -iskur

Faroese: -skur, -iskur

Norwegian Bokmål: -sk, -isk

Norwegian Nynorsk: -sk, -isk

Swedish: -sk, -isk

Danish: -sk, -isk

Gothic: -𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (-isks)

From Proto-Indo-European *-iskos (suffix).

Forms adjectives from nouns with the sense “characteristic of; pertaining to”.


-erska

making a female agent noun (role or profession) from a verb, e.g. sköta (“to care for, to nurse”) → sköterska (“a nurse”)


-isera

similar to -era; -ize (makes a verb from a noun or adjective)


περι-

→ English: peri-

περι- (peri-) + τειχίζω (teikhízō, “build a wall”) → περιτειχίζω (periteikhízō, “build a wall around”)

περι- (peri-) + τρέχω (trékhō, “run”) → περιτρέχω (peritrékhō, “run around”)


περι-

From Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, around”).

der

περι- (peri-) + γράφω (gráfo, “draw, write”) → περιγραφή (perigrafí, “describe”)

περι- (peri-) + φράζω (frázo, “enclose”) → περίφραξη (perífraxi, “fence”)


-eri

From Low German -erie, from Old French -erie.

bage (“to bake”) + -eri → bageri (“bakery”)


-eri

used to form nouns from verbs and other nouns


-eri

Possibly inherited from Occitan/Iberian stratum, from Vulgar Latin *-airu, from the metathesis of Latin -ārius -ārium. Compare Italian -iere, Catalan -er, Spanish -ero, Portuguese -eiro. Doublet of -aru.

canceḍḍu (“gate”) + -eri → canciḍḍeri (“gatekeeper, chancelor”)

cavaḍḍu (“horse”) + -eri → cavaleri (“knight”)

panettu (“loaf”) + -eri → panitteri (“baker”)

porta (“door”) + -eri → purteri (“goalkeeper”)

forms occupations and other agent nouns from nouns


-eri

-ery, making a business from a verb, e.g. baka (“to bake”) → bageri (“a bakery”)


myko-

Derived from Ancient Greek μύκης (múkēs).

der+

myko- + -logia → mykologia


öko-

From Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos, “house”).


-iaeth

From Proto-Brythonic *-aɨθ, from Insular Celtic *-axtā, suffixal use of Proto-Celtic *axtā. Cognate with Cornish -ieth.

arwr (“hero”) + -iaeth → arwriaeth (“heroism”)

deintydd (“dentist”) + -iaeth → deintyddiaeth (“dentistry”)

cydnabod (“recognise, acknowledge”) + -iaeth → cydnabyddiaeth (“recognition, acknowledgement”)

llaw (“hand”) + trin (“to treat”) + -iaeth → llawdriniaeth (“surgery”)


-go

Bats: -გო (-go)

Vainakh:

Chechen: -га (-ga)

Ingush: -га (-ga)


-gi

pátí (“mountain”) + -gi → pátígi (“hill”)

ena (“mammal”) + -gi → nan̄gi (“domesticated mammal; goat”)

ǹdá (“father”) + -gi → ǹdági (“paternal uncle”)

ǹná (“mother”) + -gi → ǹnági (“maternal aunt”)

yaká (“chili pepper”) + -gi → yakági (“small chili pepper”)

diminutive suffix; used to form nouns meaning a smaller form of something.


-gi

From Ottoman Turkish ـگی (-gi), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـکو (-gü), from Proto-Turkic *-gü.

bilmek (“to know”) + -gi → bilgi (“knowledge”)

övmek (“to praise”) + -gi → övgü (“praise”)

çizmek (“to draw a line”) + -gi → çizgi (“line”)

Suffix creating a new word related to its root.


-di

elorri (“hawthorn”) + -di → elordi (“hawthorn grove”)

pinu (“pine tree”) + -di → pinudi (“pine forest”)

Collective suffix usually attached to plant names.


-ör

Used to form (male) agent nouns from verbs.


-iikka

-iikka (nominative singular)
-iikat (nominative plural)
-iikka (accusative nominative singular)
-iikat (accusative nominative plural)
-iikan (accusative genitive singular)
-iikat (accusative genitive plural)
-iikan (genitive singular)
-iikoiden (genitive plural)
-iikoitten (genitive plural)
-iikkojen (genitive plural)
-iikkain (genitive plural rare)
-iikkaa (partitive singular)
-iikoita (partitive plural)
-iikkoja (partitive plural)
-iikassa (inessive singular)
-iikoissa (inessive plural)
-iikasta (elative singular)
-iikoista (elative plural)
-iikkaan (illative singular)
-iikoihin (illative plural)
-iikkoihin (illative plural)
-iikalla (adessive singular)
-iikoilla (adessive plural)
-iikalta (ablative singular)
-iikoilta (ablative plural)
-iikalle (allative singular)
-iikoille (allative plural)
-iikkana (essive singular)
-iikkoina (essive plural)
-iikaksi (singular translative)
-iikoiksi (plural translative)
-iikatta (abessive singular)
-iikoitta (abessive plural)
-iikoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-iikkani (nominative singular)
-iikkani (nominative plural)
-iikkani (accusative nominative singular)
-iikkani (accusative nominative plural)
-iikkani (accusative genitive singular)
-iikkani (accusative genitive plural)
-iikkani (genitive singular)
-iikoideni (genitive plural)
-iikoitteni (genitive plural)
-iikkojeni (genitive plural)
-iikkaini (genitive plural rare)
-iikkaani (partitive singular)
-iikoitani (partitive plural)
-iikkojani (partitive plural)
-iikassani (inessive singular)
-iikoissani (inessive plural)
-iikastani (elative singular)
-iikoistani (elative plural)
-iikkaani (illative singular)
-iikoihini (illative plural)
-iikkoihini (illative plural)
-iikallani (adessive singular)
-iikoillani (adessive plural)
-iikaltani (ablative singular)
-iikoiltani (ablative plural)
-iikalleni (allative singular)
-iikoilleni (allative plural)
-iikkanani (essive singular)
-iikkoinani (essive plural)
-iikakseni (singular translative)
-iikoikseni (plural translative)
-iikattani (abessive singular)
-iikoittani (abessive plural)
-iikkoineni (comitative plural)
-iikkasi (nominative singular)
-iikkasi (nominative plural)
-iikkasi (accusative nominative singular)
-iikkasi (accusative nominative plural)
-iikkasi (accusative genitive singular)
-iikkasi (accusative genitive plural)
-iikkasi (genitive singular)
-iikoidesi (genitive plural)
-iikoittesi (genitive plural)
-iikkojesi (genitive plural)
-iikkaisi (genitive plural rare)
-iikkaasi (partitive singular)
-iikoitasi (partitive plural)
-iikkojasi (partitive plural)
-iikassasi (inessive singular)
-iikoissasi (inessive plural)
-iikastasi (elative singular)
-iikoistasi (elative plural)
-iikkaasi (illative singular)
-iikoihisi (illative plural)
-iikkoihisi (illative plural)
-iikallasi (adessive singular)
-iikoillasi (adessive plural)
-iikaltasi (ablative singular)
-iikoiltasi (ablative plural)
-iikallesi (allative singular)
-iikoillesi (allative plural)
-iikkanasi (essive singular)
-iikkoinasi (essive plural)
-iikaksesi (singular translative)
-iikoiksesi (plural translative)
-iikattasi (abessive singular)
-iikoittasi (abessive plural)
-iikkoinesi (comitative plural)
-iikkamme (nominative singular)
-iikkamme (nominative plural)
-iikkamme (accusative nominative singular)
-iikkamme (accusative nominative plural)
-iikkamme (accusative genitive singular)
-iikkamme (accusative genitive plural)
-iikkamme (genitive singular)
-iikoidemme (genitive plural)
-iikoittemme (genitive plural)
-iikkojemme (genitive plural)
-iikkaimme (genitive plural rare)
-iikkaamme (partitive singular)
-iikoitamme (partitive plural)
-iikkojamme (partitive plural)
-iikassamme (inessive singular)
-iikoissamme (inessive plural)
-iikastamme (elative singular)
-iikoistamme (elative plural)
-iikkaamme (illative singular)
-iikoihimme (illative plural)
-iikkoihimme (illative plural)
-iikallamme (adessive singular)
-iikoillamme (adessive plural)
-iikaltamme (ablative singular)
-iikoiltamme (ablative plural)
-iikallemme (allative singular)
-iikoillemme (allative plural)
-iikkanamme (essive singular)
-iikkoinamme (essive plural)
-iikaksemme (singular translative)
-iikoiksemme (plural translative)
-iikattamme (abessive singular)
-iikoittamme (abessive plural)
-iikkoinemme (comitative plural)
-iikkanne (nominative singular)
-iikkanne (nominative plural)
-iikkanne (accusative nominative singular)
-iikkanne (accusative nominative plural)
-iikkanne (accusative genitive singular)
-iikkanne (accusative genitive plural)
-iikkanne (genitive singular)
-iikoidenne (genitive plural)
-iikoittenne (genitive plural)
-iikkojenne (genitive plural)
-iikkainne (genitive plural rare)
-iikkaanne (partitive singular)
-iikoitanne (partitive plural)
-iikkojanne (partitive plural)
-iikassanne (inessive singular)
-iikoissanne (inessive plural)
-iikastanne (elative singular)
-iikoistanne (elative plural)
-iikkaanne (illative singular)
-iikoihinne (illative plural)
-iikkoihinne (illative plural)
-iikallanne (adessive singular)
-iikoillanne (adessive plural)
-iikaltanne (ablative singular)
-iikoiltanne (ablative plural)
-iikallenne (allative singular)
-iikoillenne (allative plural)
-iikkananne (essive singular)
-iikkoinanne (essive plural)
-iikaksenne (singular translative)
-iikoiksenne (plural translative)
-iikattanne (abessive singular)
-iikoittanne (abessive plural)
-iikkoinenne (comitative plural)
-iikkansa (nominative singular)
-iikkansa (nominative plural)
-iikkansa (accusative nominative singular)
-iikkansa (accusative nominative plural)
-iikkansa (accusative genitive singular)
-iikkansa (accusative genitive plural)
-iikkansa (genitive singular)
-iikoidensa (genitive plural)
-iikoittensa (genitive plural)
-iikkojensa (genitive plural)
-iikkainsa (genitive plural rare)
-iikkaansa (partitive singular)
-iikoitaan (partitive plural)
-iikkojaan (partitive plural)
-iikoitansa (partitive plural)
-iikkojansa (partitive plural)
-iikassaan (inessive singular)
-iikassansa (inessive singular)
-iikoissaan (inessive plural)
-iikoissansa (inessive plural)
-iikastaan (elative singular)
-iikastansa (elative singular)
-iikoistaan (elative plural)
-iikoistansa (elative plural)
-iikkaansa (illative singular)
-iikoihinsa (illative plural)
-iikkoihinsa (illative plural)
-iikallaan (adessive singular)
-iikallansa (adessive singular)
-iikoillaan (adessive plural)
-iikoillansa (adessive plural)
-iikaltaan (ablative singular)
-iikaltansa (ablative singular)
-iikoiltaan (ablative plural)
-iikoiltansa (ablative plural)
-iikalleen (allative singular)
-iikallensa (allative singular)
-iikoilleen (allative plural)
-iikoillensa (allative plural)
-iikkanaan (essive singular)
-iikkanansa (essive singular)
-iikkoinaan (essive plural)
-iikkoinansa (essive plural)
-iikakseen (singular translative)
-iikaksensa (singular translative)
-iikoikseen (plural translative)
-iikoiksensa (plural translative)
-iikattaan (abessive singular)
-iikattansa (abessive singular)
-iikoittaan (abessive plural)
-iikoittansa (abessive plural)
-iikkoineen (comitative plural)
-iikkoinensa (comitative plural)
-iikka (nominative singular)
-iikat (nominative plural)
-iikka (accusative nominative singular)
-iikat (accusative nominative plural)
-iikan (accusative genitive singular)
-iikat (accusative genitive plural)
-iikan (genitive singular)
-iikkojen (genitive plural)
-iikkain (genitive plural rare)
-iikkaa (partitive singular)
-iikkoja (partitive plural)
-iikassa (inessive singular)
-iikoissa (inessive plural)
-iikasta (elative singular)
-iikoista (elative plural)
-iikkaan (illative singular)
-iikkoihin (illative plural)
-iikalla (adessive singular)
-iikoilla (adessive plural)
-iikalta (ablative singular)
-iikoilta (ablative plural)
-iikalle (allative singular)
-iikoille (allative plural)
-iikkana (essive singular)
-iikkoina (essive plural)
-iikaksi (singular translative)
-iikoiksi (plural translative)
-iikatta (abessive singular)
-iikoitta (abessive plural)
-iikoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-iikkani (nominative singular)
-iikkani (nominative plural)
-iikkani (accusative nominative singular)
-iikkani (accusative nominative plural)
-iikkani (accusative genitive singular)
-iikkani (accusative genitive plural)
-iikkani (genitive singular)
-iikkojeni (genitive plural)
-iikkaini (genitive plural rare)
-iikkaani (partitive singular)
-iikkojani (partitive plural)
-iikassani (inessive singular)
-iikoissani (inessive plural)
-iikastani (elative singular)
-iikoistani (elative plural)
-iikkaani (illative singular)
-iikkoihini (illative plural)
-iikallani (adessive singular)
-iikoillani (adessive plural)
-iikaltani (ablative singular)
-iikoiltani (ablative plural)
-iikalleni (allative singular)
-iikoilleni (allative plural)
-iikkanani (essive singular)
-iikkoinani (essive plural)
-iikakseni (singular translative)
-iikoikseni (plural translative)
-iikattani (abessive singular)
-iikoittani (abessive plural)
-iikkoineni (comitative plural)
-iikkasi (nominative singular)
-iikkasi (nominative plural)
-iikkasi (accusative nominative singular)
-iikkasi (accusative nominative plural)
-iikkasi (accusative genitive singular)
-iikkasi (accusative genitive plural)
-iikkasi (genitive singular)
-iikkojesi (genitive plural)
-iikkaisi (genitive plural rare)
-iikkaasi (partitive singular)
-iikkojasi (partitive plural)
-iikassasi (inessive singular)
-iikoissasi (inessive plural)
-iikastasi (elative singular)
-iikoistasi (elative plural)
-iikkaasi (illative singular)
-iikkoihisi (illative plural)
-iikallasi (adessive singular)
-iikoillasi (adessive plural)
-iikaltasi (ablative singular)
-iikoiltasi (ablative plural)
-iikallesi (allative singular)
-iikoillesi (allative plural)
-iikkanasi (essive singular)
-iikkoinasi (essive plural)
-iikaksesi (singular translative)
-iikoiksesi (plural translative)
-iikattasi (abessive singular)
-iikoittasi (abessive plural)
-iikkoinesi (comitative plural)
-iikkamme (nominative singular)
-iikkamme (nominative plural)
-iikkamme (accusative nominative singular)
-iikkamme (accusative nominative plural)
-iikkamme (accusative genitive singular)
-iikkamme (accusative genitive plural)
-iikkamme (genitive singular)
-iikkojemme (genitive plural)
-iikkaimme (genitive plural rare)
-iikkaamme (partitive singular)
-iikkojamme (partitive plural)
-iikassamme (inessive singular)
-iikoissamme (inessive plural)
-iikastamme (elative singular)
-iikoistamme (elative plural)
-iikkaamme (illative singular)
-iikkoihimme (illative plural)
-iikallamme (adessive singular)
-iikoillamme (adessive plural)
-iikaltamme (ablative singular)
-iikoiltamme (ablative plural)
-iikallemme (allative singular)
-iikoillemme (allative plural)
-iikkanamme (essive singular)
-iikkoinamme (essive plural)
-iikaksemme (singular translative)
-iikoiksemme (plural translative)
-iikattamme (abessive singular)
-iikoittamme (abessive plural)
-iikkoinemme (comitative plural)
-iikkanne (nominative singular)
-iikkanne (nominative plural)
-iikkanne (accusative nominative singular)
-iikkanne (accusative nominative plural)
-iikkanne (accusative genitive singular)
-iikkanne (accusative genitive plural)
-iikkanne (genitive singular)
-iikkojenne (genitive plural)
-iikkainne (genitive plural rare)
-iikkaanne (partitive singular)
-iikkojanne (partitive plural)
-iikassanne (inessive singular)
-iikoissanne (inessive plural)
-iikastanne (elative singular)
-iikoistanne (elative plural)
-iikkaanne (illative singular)
-iikkoihinne (illative plural)
-iikallanne (adessive singular)
-iikoillanne (adessive plural)
-iikaltanne (ablative singular)
-iikoiltanne (ablative plural)
-iikallenne (allative singular)
-iikoillenne (allative plural)
-iikkananne (essive singular)
-iikkoinanne (essive plural)
-iikaksenne (singular translative)
-iikoiksenne (plural translative)
-iikattanne (abessive singular)
-iikoittanne (abessive plural)
-iikkoinenne (comitative plural)
-iikkansa (nominative singular)
-iikkansa (nominative plural)
-iikkansa (accusative nominative singular)
-iikkansa (accusative nominative plural)
-iikkansa (accusative genitive singular)
-iikkansa (accusative genitive plural)
-iikkansa (genitive singular)
-iikkojensa (genitive plural)
-iikkainsa (genitive plural rare)
-iikkaansa (partitive singular)
-iikkojaan (partitive plural)
-iikkojansa (partitive plural)
-iikassaan (inessive singular)
-iikassansa (inessive singular)
-iikoissaan (inessive plural)
-iikoissansa (inessive plural)
-iikastaan (elative singular)
-iikastansa (elative singular)
-iikoistaan (elative plural)
-iikoistansa (elative plural)
-iikkaansa (illative singular)
-iikkoihinsa (illative plural)
-iikallaan (adessive singular)
-iikallansa (adessive singular)
-iikoillaan (adessive plural)
-iikoillansa (adessive plural)
-iikaltaan (ablative singular)
-iikaltansa (ablative singular)
-iikoiltaan (ablative plural)
-iikoiltansa (ablative plural)
-iikalleen (allative singular)
-iikallensa (allative singular)
-iikoilleen (allative plural)
-iikoillensa (allative plural)
-iikkanaan (essive singular)
-iikkanansa (essive singular)
-iikkoinaan (essive plural)
-iikkoinansa (essive plural)
-iikakseen (singular translative)
-iikaksensa (singular translative)
-iikoikseen (plural translative)
-iikoiksensa (plural translative)
-iikattaan (abessive singular)
-iikattansa (abessive singular)
-iikoittaan (abessive plural)
-iikoittansa (abessive plural)
-iikkoineen (comitative plural)
-iikkoinensa (comitative plural)

Internationalism, ultimately from Latin -icus, Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós).

-ics (suffix used to form names of fields of knowledge or practice)


-ibly

Euphonic blend of -ible + -ly, due to difficulty of pronouncing *-iblely. Compare same sound change in unrelated feebly, nimbly, and nobly.

audible → audibly

Used to form adverbs corresponding to adjectives that end in -ible.


-eble

From -ebla (“-able, -ible”) + -e (adverbial ending).


haja-

From Proto-Finnic *haja-, probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *sājan-, *sēaną (compare Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (saian), Swedish så).

hajalla

apart; dispersed, scattered, in pieces; smashed, broken; disassembled

hajalle

apart; dispersed; smashed; broken; disassembled; scattered; in pieces

hajanainen

scattered, dispersed; sporadic; incoherent

hajota

to disperse, scatter, break up, run in all directions

hajottaa

to scatter, disperse, break up, dissipate, drive off, send scurrying


-grama

pt-noun

-grama m (noun-forming suffix, plural -gramas)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

bor+

-gram (forms the names of documents with recorded information)


nom-

Representing νομ- (nom-), the stem of the Ancient Greek νόμος (nómos, “law”).


R-

* (stereochemistry): Abbreviation of Latin rectus (“right”)

(stereochemistry, chemistry) one of two mirror-image forms of a stereocenter, part of a diastereomer

chemical engineering
chemical engineering

(chemical engineering) the prefix indicating a codified refigerant


C++

Notepad++

(computing) Indicates a product with additional features or functionality.


race-

(chemistry) Denoting a racemic mix or racemate of enantiomers.


rac-

(chemistry) Alternative form of race-; Denoting a racemic mix or racemate (before a vowel)


-atum

From Proto-Semitic *-at-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *-t, *-Vt (feminine suffix). Cognate with Arabic ـَة (-a) and Biblical Hebrew ־ָה (-ɔ).

inh

Suffix used to form feminine adjectives from masculine adjectives.

Suffix used to form feminine nouns from masculine nouns referring to people.


-iv

Borrowed from French -if, -ive, from Latin -īvus.


-iv

ro-adj

-iv m or n (feminine singular -ivă, masculine plural -ivi, feminine and neuter plural -ive)

-ivă (feminine singular)
-ivi (masculine plural)
-ive (feminine neuter plural)
-iv (indefinite masculine neuter singular)
-ivă (feminine indefinite singular)
-ivi (indefinite masculine singular)
-ive (feminine indefinite neuter plural)
-ivul (definite masculine neuter singular)
-iva (definite feminine singular)
-ivii (definite masculine singular)
-ivele (definite feminine neuter plural)
-ive (feminine indefinite singular)
-ivului (definite masculine neuter singular)
-ivei (definite feminine singular)
-ivilor (definite masculine singular)
-ivelor (definite feminine neuter plural)

Borrowed from French -if, -ive, Latin -īvus. Compare the older inherited -iu.


-iv

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ivъ, from Proto-Slavic *-vъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-was, from Proto-Indo-European *-wós.

pobijed(iti) (“to win”) + -iv → pobjediv (“vincible, defeatable”)

Suffix appended to verb roots to create an adjective denoting the capability or suitability to have the corresponding action done to a subject; -able, -ible

milost (“mercy”) + -iv → milostiv (“merciful”)

pogriješ(iti) (“to err”) + -iv → pogrešiv (“fallible”)

Suffix appended to noun or verb roots to create an adjective denoting that the subject exhibits the corresponding quality or is capable of performing the corresponding action; -ous, -ive


-av

Field of knowledge involving the stem word.


-mânt

-minte (plural)
-mânt (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
-mântul (accusative definite nominative singular)
-minte (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
-mintele (accusative definite nominative plural)
-mânt (indefinite singular)
-mântului (definite singular)
-minte (indefinite singular)
-mintelor (definite plural)
-mântule (singular vocative)
-mintelor (vocative)

Inherited from Late Latin -mentum, from Latin -menta.

jura (“to vow”) + -mânt → jurământ (“vow”)

lega (“to bind”) + -mânt → legământ (“pledge, promise; vow”)

crede (“to trust”) + -mânt → crezământ (“trust”)

așeza (“to settle”) + -mânt → așezământ (“settlement”)

încălța (“to put on shoes”) + -minte → încălțăminte (“footwear”)

Forms nouns that indicate the action or result of a verb; -ment


yester-

From Middle English yester-, yister-, from Old English ġeostran-, ġiestran- (“previous day, prior day”), from Proto-Germanic *gistr- (“yesterday”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyés (“yesterday”). Compare Dutch gisteren, German gestern (“yesterday”), Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (gistradagis, “tomorrow”), Latin hesternus (“of yesterday”), Ancient Greek χθές (khthés, “yesterday”), Sanskrit ह्यस् (hyás, “yesterday”). More at yesterday.

cog

(rare) Belonging to the day preceding the present; next before the present.


-usaq

kl-suffix

-usaq (n-n, truncative, uses -j- as interfix)


-liaq

someone who hunts, collects or travels to [noun]


-rujussuaq

qaqutigorsuarujussuaq

sivisoorujussuarmik atassavoq.


-siaq

erneq (“son”) -> ernersiaq (“fosterson”)

inuk (“human”) -> inussiaq (“slave”)


-suaq

itisooq (“deep”) -> itisoorsuaq (“very deep”)

silarsuarmiut

ila suersuaq!

pi -> persuaq (“large object”)

uli (“high tide”) -> ulersuaq (“flood”)

ajortoq (“evil, wicked”) -> Ajortorsuaq (“Satan, the Devil”)


tve-

From Old Norse tve-, tví-, from Proto-Germanic *twi-, *twī-.


-taaq

ukiortaaq

ernertaaq


-koorfik

nuakoorfik
A spittoon.

a place for discarding, receptacle of undesired things


-lunda

From the genitive plural of Old Swedish lund (“manner; state of mind”). Doublet of lynne (“mindset; mood”). Compare Icelandic lund (“temperament”) and Icelandic biðlund (“patience”). See also Danish -lunde.


-städes

(dated) -place, -where; making an adverb; cognate with the English stead


-yer

From Middle English, partly an alteration of -ier; and partly from -yere, -iere, -ȝere, the suffix -er appended to words ending in ȝ or g. More at -ier, -er.

law + -yer → lawyer

saw + -yer → sawyer

(rare, usually no longer productive) Agent suffix, equivalent to -er, appended to some nouns (especially those ending in the letter "w" or "v").


-ô

gem-decl-noun-table

*-ô (an-stem)

-ô (nominative singular)
-aniz (nominative plural)
-ô (singular vocative)
-aniz (plural vocative)
-anų (accusative singular)
-anunz (accusative plural)
-iniz (genitive singular)
-anǫ̂ (genitive plural)
-ini (dative singular)
-ammaz (dative plural)
-inē (instrumental singular)
-ammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *-ō
Old English: -a
Middle English: -e (fossilised)
Old Frisian: -a
Old Saxon: -o
Middle Low German: -e
Old Dutch: -o
Middle Dutch: -e
Old High German: -o
Middle High German: -e
German: -e (fossilised)

q

Old Norse: -i (merged with *-jô in nominative singular)

Icelandic: -i

Old Swedish: -e

Gothic: -𐌰 (-a)

From Proto-Indo-European *-ō. Proto-Germanic masculine n-stems continue Proto-Indo-European amphikinetic n-stems, meaning the vowel grade in the root, the suffix, and the ending alternated throughout the paradigm. Stem ablaut was not preserved in any later Germanic language, but it is indirectly tangible through such pairs as English corn and German Kern (“seed”). Suffix ablaut is clearly visible in the paradigm below, by way of the *ô ~ *a ~ *i alternation.

-er. Forms agent nouns, often from the zero-grade form of the base.


-iþō

-iþō (nominative singular)
-iþôz (nominative plural)
-iþō (singular vocative)
-iþôz (plural vocative)
-iþǭ (accusative singular)
-iþōz (accusative plural)
-iþōz (genitive singular)
-iþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
-iþōi (dative singular)
-iþōmaz (dative plural)
-iþō (instrumental singular)
-iþōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *-iþu
Old English: -þ, -þu, -þo, -t, -to
Middle English: -the, -ðe, -ðhe, -eth, -ethe, -ith, -ithe, -th, -þ, -þe, -yth, -t, -te (following fricatives)
English: -th, -t
Scots: -th, -t
Old Frisian: -ithe, -te
Saterland Frisian: -te
West Frisian: -te
Old Saxon: -itha
Middle Low German: -ede, -de, -te
Low German: -de, -te
→ German: -te
Old Dutch: -itha
Middle Dutch: -ede, -de, -te
Dutch: -te, -de
Old High German: -ida
Middle High German: -ede
German: -de (rare, not productive)
Luxembourgish: -t

Old Norse: -ð, -d, -t
Icelandic: -ð, -d, -t
Faroese: -d
Swedish: -d
Danish: -de
Norwegian: -de, -d

Gothic: -𐌹𐌸𐌰 (-iþa), -𐌹𐌳𐌰 (-ida)

From Proto-Indo-European *-iteh₂ (“-th”), *-teh₂.

-ness, -th. Forms abstract nouns from verbs, adjectives or other nouns.


-līkaz

-līkaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
-līkai (masculine nominative plural strong)
-līkō (feminine nominative singular strong)
-līkôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
-līką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
-līkō (neuter nominative plural strong)
-līkanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
-līkanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
-līkǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
-līkōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
-līką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
-līkō (accusative neuter plural strong)
-līkas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-līkis (genitive masculine singular strong)
-līkaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
-līkaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
-līkaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
-līkas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-līkis (genitive neuter singular strong)
-līkaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
-līkammai (dative masculine singular strong)
-līkaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
-līkaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
-līkaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
-līkammai (dative neuter singular strong)
-līkaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
-līkanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
-līkaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
-līkaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
-līkaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
-līkanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
-līkaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
-līkô (masculine nominative singular weak)
-līkaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
-līkǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
-līkōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
-līkô (neuter nominative singular weak)
-līkōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
-līkanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
-līkanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
-līkōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
-līkōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
-līkô (accusative neuter singular weak)
-līkōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
-līkiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
-līkanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
-līkōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
-līkōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
-līkiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
-līkanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
-līkini (dative masculine singular weak)
-līkammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
-līkōni (dative feminine singular weak)
-līkōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
-līkini (dative neuter singular weak)
-līkammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
-līkinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
-līkammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
-līkōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
-līkōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
-līkinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
-līkammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *-līk
Old English: -līċ, -līh, -lī
Middle English: -ly, -li, -lych, -lich
English: -ly
Scots: -lie
Old Frisian: -līk
Saterland Frisian: -elk
West Frisian: -lyk
Old Saxon: -līk
Middle Low German: -līk, -lik, -lick (inflected -lik-)
Low German: -lich, -lig, -lik, -lick, -li (Eastfalian), -elk (East Frisian)
Plautdietsch: -lich
Old Dutch: -līk
Middle Dutch: -lijc
Dutch: -lijk
Afrikaans: -lik
Jersey Dutch: -lik, -lek, -lā́ik
Old High German: -līh
Middle High German: -lich
German: -lich
Luxembourgish: -lech
Yiddish: ־לעך (-lekh)

Proto-Norse:

Old Norse: -ligr, -líkr
Icelandic: -legur
Faroese: -ligur
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: -lig
Norwegian Nynorsk: -leg
Old Swedish: -līker
Swedish: -lig
Old Danish: -lig
Danish: -lig

Gothic: -𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (-leiks)

See *līką (“body, corpse”) for more; the sense of "similar to" appears to be the original sense.

-like, -ly. Forms adjectives from nouns and adjectives with the sense of 'similar to, characteristic of'.


frith-

Middle Irish: frith-

Irish: frith-

Scottish Gaelic: frith-

From Proto-Celtic *writ- (compare Welsh wrth, prefix gwrth-), from the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”) (compare Latin versus (“against”)).


twiz-

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *twiʀ-, *tuʀ-, *tiʀ-

Old English: te-, ti-, tō-

Middle English: to-

English: to- (obsolete)

Old Frisian: te-, ti-, tō-

Saterland Frisian: tou-

West Frisian: ta-

Old Saxon: te-, ti-, tō

Middle Low German: to-, tô-

German Low German: to-

Old Dutch: *ti-, *tō

Middle Dutch: te-, toe-

Dutch: (obsolete) te-, toe-

Old High German: zi-, zir-, zar-, zur-

Middle High German: zer-, zur-, zu-

German: zer-, zu-

Yiddish: צע־ (tse-)

Gothic: 𐍄𐍅𐌹𐍃- (twis-)

>? Gothic: 𐌳𐌹𐍃- (dis-)

From Proto-Indo-European *dwís. Cognates include Latin dis-, Ancient Greek δίς (dís) and Sanskrit द्वीह् (dvīh).


uz-

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *uʀ-
Old English: or-
Middle English: or-
English: or-
Old Frisian: or-
Saterland Frisian: uur-
West Frisian: oar-
Old Saxon: ur-, or-
Middle Low German: or-
German Low German: oor-
Old Dutch: ur-, or-
Middle Dutch: or-, oor-
Dutch: oor-
Old High German: ur-
Middle High German: ur-
German: ur-
→ English: ur-
→ Dutch: oer-
Yiddish: אור־ (ur-)

Old Norse: ør-

Swedish: ur-

Norwegian Bokmål: ur-

Norwegian Nynorsk: ur-

Danish: ur-

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃- (us-)

From Proto-Indo-European *ud-s- (“up, out”), from Proto-Indo-European *úd (“up, out”); or perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂u-s- (“off, from”), related to Latin au-, Sanskrit अव- (ava-, “off, down”). Etymologically identical with Proto-Germanic *uz (“out, out of”).


uz-

Usually found on verbs (and their derived nouns or adjectives) with the meaning 'on', 'onto', 'over', 'above' (like German auf- or Russian на- (na-)).


uz-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vъz (Russian воз- (voz-), Polish wz-). Cognate with Lithuanian už.


-falt

-fold; suffixing a number, creating an adverb


-faldig

-faldig (indefinite positive)
-faldigt (indefinite neuter positive singular)
-faldiga (indefinite plural positive)
-faldige (archaic indefinite masculine plural positive)
-faldige (definite masculine positive singular)
-faldiga (definite positive)

From Old Norse -faldr, from Proto-Germanic *-falþaz.

-fold; suffixing a number, creating an adjective


ביו־

בִּיּוֹ־ (canonical)
biyo- (romanization)
bio- (romanization)


-riĉa

-rich: relatively full of whatever property is indicated by the stem


-merous

From French -mère and its etymon Ancient Greek -μερής (-merḗs, “having (the specified number of) parts”, “sharing”): the combining form of μέρος (méros, “part”)) with the English suffix -ous; compare the English -mer and -mere, as well as the French -mère and the German -mer.

der

(biology, forming adjectives) Having parts of the specified quality.


-atör

-ator; creating an agent noun, similar to -ör


t-

head

t- (class A infixed pronoun, triggers lenition)

do·goa (“s/he chooses”) + t- → dot·goa (“s/he chooses you”)

ní·ben (“s/he does not strike”) + t- → nít·ben (“s/he does not strike you”)

L means this form triggers lenition.N means this form triggers nasalization(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.


-fóbach

nominative (positive)
-fóbach (masculine singular)
-fóbacha (plural)
vocative (positive)
genitive (positive)
-fóbaí (feminine singular)
-fóbacha (plural strong)
-fóbach (plural weak)
dative (positive)
-fóbach (feminine singular)
-fóbaigh (archaic feminine singular)
níos -fóbaí (comparative)
is -fóbaí (superlative)

From Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos, “fear”) + -ach.


acra-

From Ancient Greek ἄκρος (ákros, “highest, at the extremity”).


bith-

fírinne apostolorum et omnium iustorum bith-ingabál mundo

the righteousness of the apostles and all just people is a perpetual reproach to the world


mona-

From Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “alone, only, sole, single”).


-sdi

From -s (adjective-forming suffix) + -di (diminutive suffix).

affix

háború (“war”) + -sdi → háborúsdi (“playing soldiers”)

A gyerekek egyik kedvenc játéka a háborúsdi volt.

One of the favorites of the children was to play soldiers.

a szöveg (…) leplezetlenül mutatja, hogy a deviza-leértékelősdi/elinflálósdi milyen mélyen beleivódott a dél-amerikai szokásokba.

the text (…) blatantly demonstrates how deeply the (reckless) currency devaluation/inflation is ingrained in the South American habits.

(nominal-forming suffix) Added to a noun or a present participle to form a noun or an adjective, indicating playful, non-serious actions or depreciatingly those considered pointless or reckless.


-inna

From Old Swedish -inna, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *-inī.

-ess; makes a female version of a title, often referring to the bearer's wife


styv-

From Old Swedish stiūp-, stiūf-, from the Old Norse stjúp-, from Proto-Germanic *steupa- (“orphaned, step-”).

der

step-; in family relations, represents incompleteness, sharing just one parent


svär-

From Old Swedish svær, from Old Norse *svær, from Proto-Germanic *swehuraz, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱuros (“father-in-law”).

-in-law; related through marriage, derives from svåger


-me

-me (nominative singular)
-mék (nominative plural)
-mét (accusative singular)
-méket (accusative plural)
-mének (dative singular)
-méknek (dative plural)
-mével (instrumental singular)
-mékkel (instrumental plural)
-méért (causal-final singular)
-mékért (causal-final plural)
-mévé (singular translative)
-mékké (plural translative)
-méig (singular terminative)
-mékig (plural terminative)
-meként (essive-formal singular)
-mékként (essive-formal plural)
-méül (essive-modal singular)
-mékül (essive-modal plural)
-mében (inessive singular)
-mékben (inessive plural)
-mén (singular superessive)
-méken (plural superessive)
-ménél (adessive singular)
-méknél (adessive plural)
-mébe (illative singular)
-mékbe (illative plural)
-mére (singular sublative)
-mékre (plural sublative)
-méhez (allative singular)
-mékhez (allative plural)
-méből (elative singular)
-mékből (elative plural)
-méről (delative singular)
-mékről (delative plural)
-métől (ablative singular)
-méktől (ablative plural)
-méé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-méké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-mééi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-mékéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-mém (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
-méim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
-méd (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
-méid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
-méje (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
-méi (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
-ménk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
-méink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
-métek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
-méitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
-méjük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
-méik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries. The neologists formed new words with it after artificially deducing it from words ending in -ma/-me.

hu-langref

ér (“to be worth something”) + -me → érme (“coin”)

(noun-forming suffix, rare) Added to a word to form a noun. No longer productive.


-me

Added to adjectives (sometimes to nouns) to form abstract nouns, especially those referring to the state or property that corresponds to the original adjective (like, e.g., Eng. -ity).


-me

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـمه, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *-me.

Coordinate term: -dik (realis)

Okuldan sonra eczaneye gitmeyi unuttum.

I forgot to go to the pharmacy after school (i.e. going to the pharmacy did not happen).

forms irrealis verbal nouns, or non-subject participles.


-me

seb- (“to love”) + *-me → *sebme- (“to not love”)


-me

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-me and Proto-Uralic *-ma

tüg- (“to tie, to knot”) + *-me → *tügme (“button”)


justitie-

justice, pertaining to law and law enforcement; compounds formed with justis


Perhaps derived from -er, with influence from the Latinate -or. Spelling due to leet.

that's true jak. you still may play with my hairs if you like. and gru, you too. we'll have a hairs party, and lay out in a circle, providing people with a hair swimming pool in the middle, eh? and jak, we've still got to get married and take S33kr1t Bat Snogging Pix0rs!! yes, my hair is still all here. it's getting a trim at the beginning of december, and im *scared*! im going to let my stylist cut it so it only reaches the top of my bum, i think. sigh.

1998 November 13, GothFaeri, “hair pouting”, in alt.gothic.fashion (Usenet), retrieved 2022-12-09:

2001 October 14, Pr|cK, “why the fux0r am i here when im not even a melb person?”, in melb.general (Usenet), retrieved 2022-12-09:

i'm actually quite flattered, i like being androgonous...but in that pix0r i thought i was being incredibly girly and i find it so amusing that you mistook me for a man! it made my morning! btw, what exactly in the pic of me said "man!" to you? i'm really curious!

2002 November 14, silver_cyber_aj, “Cyberdog in Vogue”, in uk.people.gothic (Usenet), retrieved 2022-12-09:

A 1337 hax0r huh? :)
In alt.hacker the method of getting a key or password by asking for it is called "social engineered" cracking. Kindof like the one running in the chat channels right now where the guy says you can find out your "standing in bnet" by simply whispering your login (and password) to him. Or the guy who says he can modify your account so that you have all godly items but he needs your CD key to do it
Im not saying anything you said is untrue. Im just commenting on the leet hax0r thing in the subject.

2003 May 17, Gandalf Parker, “need a cd-key (im a l337 hax0r)”, in alt.games.diablo2 (Usenet), retrieved 2022-12-09:

1) Cut just before Angel says 'Let's go to work' to a slow motion run of the gang towards the demons. (LOTR styleee innit!) lik0r, the intro title screen with Angel walking through an Alley, except it shows Angel and co chargings towards impossible forces.[…]
14) Spike and Angel are trying to kill0r the middle huge demons but are doing sweet FA damage. Cue some Fatherly and Son dialogue between Spike, Angel and Connor.[…]
16) Gunn is laying on the stairs and picks a few of the Grenades CONNOR left. CUE DRAMA music, and he walks up to the medium sized demons, and tells everyone to fu><0r off. "IT WAS A GOOD FIGHT, YEAH GUYS? RUN"

2004 May 23, Dan Lam, “Part two of the Angel Final Episode”, in alt.tv.angel (Usenet), retrieved 2022-12-09:

Play0r:
Mario and Weegie Partners in Time: DS. Just simply ACEBESTEST. It's funny, it's clever, it's explorey, it's rythmny and it's portable.[…]
Want0r:
Not really much in the way of games. Zelda, obviously. Some more DS stuff. Nothing specific.
 The usual migration stuff.
Binn0r:
Shit jobs.

2006 February 13, Sir Chewbury Gubbins, “Valentine (Almost) Play, Want, Bin”, in uk.games.video.misc (Usenet), retrieved 2022-12-09:

(Internet slang, leetspeak, nonstandard) General-purpose suffix for purposes of "leet" respelling, sometimes replacing -er or -or.


ärke-

ärke- + biskop (“bishop”) → ärkebiskop (“archbishop”)

arch-; describing seniority or superiority


dà-

dà-chruthach

doubly formed, compounded of two forms, biformed


-él

köt (“to bind”) + -él → kötél (“rope”)

(archaic noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun.


-él

met (“(archaic) to cut out”) + -él → metél (“to mince, chop up into small pieces”)

(frequentative suffix) Added to a verb to form a verb to express repetitive action. No longer productive.


arkeo-

Extracted from Finnish arkeologia; ultimately a learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos).


arkeo-

archaeo-, archeo-; old, ancient, corresponding to Swedish adjective forn-


kata-

From Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “downwards”).


kosmo-

cosmo-; pertaining to space and the universe


psyko-

Internationalism (see English psycho-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ).


psyko-

psycho-; pertaining to the mind and mental processes


fysio-

physio-; pertaining to nature, medicine and the human body


gyneko-

gynaeco-, gyneco-; pertaining to woman and things female


-graf

Derived from Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō).


-graf

nominative (indefinite)
-graf (indefinite singular)
-graif (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a -graif (indefinite singular)
a -grafa (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
-graif (indefinite singular)
-graf (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an -graf (definite singular)
na -graif (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an -graif (definite singular)
na -graf (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an -graf (definite singular)
don -graf (definite singular)
leis na -graif (definite plural)


-graf

-graph, -grapher; pertaining to writing and recording


-gnos

From Ancient Greek γιγνώσκειν (gignṓskein, “to learn”).