-αῖος

-aîos (romanization)
-αίᾱ (feminine)
-αῖον (neuter)
-αῖος (masculine nominative singular)
-αίᾱ (feminine nominative singular)
-αῖον (neuter nominative singular)
-αίω (dual masculine nominative)
-αίᾱ (dual feminine nominative)
-αίω (dual neuter nominative)
-αῖοι (masculine nominative plural)
-αῖαι (feminine nominative plural)
-αῖᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
-αίου (genitive masculine singular)
-αίᾱς (feminine genitive singular)
-αίου (genitive neuter singular)
-αίοιν (dual genitive masculine)
-αίαιν (dual feminine genitive)
-αίοιν (dual genitive neuter)
-αίων (genitive masculine plural)
-αίων (feminine genitive plural)
-αίων (genitive neuter plural)
-αίῳ (dative masculine singular)
-αίᾳ (dative feminine singular)
-αίῳ (dative neuter singular)
-αίοιν (dative dual masculine)
-αίαιν (dative dual feminine)
-αίοιν (dative dual neuter)
-αίοις (dative masculine plural)
-αίαις (dative feminine plural)
-αίοις (dative neuter plural)
-αῖον (accusative masculine singular)
-αίᾱν (accusative feminine singular)
-αῖον (accusative neuter singular)
-αίω (accusative dual masculine)
-αίᾱ (accusative dual feminine)
-αίω (accusative dual neuter)
-αίους (accusative masculine plural)
-αίᾱς (accusative feminine plural)
-αῖᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
-αῖε (masculine singular vocative)
-αίᾱ (feminine singular vocative)
-αῖον (neuter singular vocative)
-αίω (dual masculine vocative)
-αίᾱ (dual feminine vocative)
-αίω (dual neuter vocative)
-αῖοι (masculine plural vocative)
-αῖαι (feminine plural vocative)
-αῖᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
-αίως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
-αιότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
-αιότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)
-αῖος (masculine nominative singular)
-αίη (feminine nominative singular)
-αῖον (neuter nominative singular)
-αίω (dual masculine nominative)
-αίᾱ (dual feminine nominative)
-αίω (dual neuter nominative)
-αῖοι (masculine nominative plural)
-αῖαι (feminine nominative plural)
-αῖᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
-αίου (genitive masculine singular)
-αιοῖο (genitive masculine singular)
-αίοιο (genitive masculine singular)
-αιόο (genitive masculine singular)
-αίοο (genitive masculine singular)
-αίης (feminine genitive singular)
-αίου (genitive neuter singular)
-αιοῖο (genitive neuter singular)
-αίοιο (genitive neuter singular)
-αιόο (genitive neuter singular)
-αίοο (genitive neuter singular)
-αίοιῐν (dual genitive masculine)
-αίαιν (dual feminine genitive)
-αίαιῐν (dual feminine genitive)
-αίῃῐν (dual feminine genitive)
-aíain (dual feminine genitive)
-aíaiĭn (dual feminine genitive)
-aíēiĭn (dual feminine genitive)
-αίοιῐν (dual genitive neuter)
-αίων (genitive masculine plural)
-αιᾱ́ων (feminine genitive plural)
-αιέ͜ων (feminine genitive plural)
-αιῶν (feminine genitive plural)
-αίων (genitive neuter plural)
-αίῳ (dative masculine singular)
-αίῃ (dative feminine singular)
-αίῳ (dative neuter singular)
-αίοιῐν (dative dual masculine)
-αίαιν (dative dual feminine)
-αίαιῐν (dative dual feminine)
-αίῃῐν (dative dual feminine)
-aíain (dative dual feminine)
-aíaiĭn (dative dual feminine)
-aíēiĭn (dative dual feminine)
-αίοιῐν (dative dual neuter)
-αίοισῐ (dative masculine plural)
-αίοισῐν (dative masculine plural)
-αίοις (dative masculine plural)
-aíoisĭ (dative masculine plural)
-aíoisĭn (dative masculine plural)
-aíois (dative masculine plural)
-αίῃσῐ (dative feminine plural)
-αίῃσῐν (dative feminine plural)
-αίῃς (dative feminine plural)
-αίαις (dative feminine plural)
-aíēisĭ (dative feminine plural)
-aíēisĭn (dative feminine plural)
-aíēis (dative feminine plural)
-aíais (dative feminine plural)
-αίοισῐ (dative neuter plural)
-αίοισῐν (dative neuter plural)
-αίοις (dative neuter plural)
-aíoisĭ (dative neuter plural)
-aíoisĭn (dative neuter plural)
-aíois (dative neuter plural)
-αῖον (accusative masculine singular)
-αίην (accusative feminine singular)
-αῖον (accusative neuter singular)
-αίω (accusative dual masculine)
-αίᾱ (accusative dual feminine)
-αίω (accusative dual neuter)
-αίους (accusative masculine plural)
-αίᾱς (accusative feminine plural)
-αῖᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
-αῖε (masculine singular vocative)
-αίη (feminine singular vocative)
-αῖον (neuter singular vocative)
-αίω (dual masculine vocative)
-αίᾱ (dual feminine vocative)
-αίω (dual neuter vocative)
-αῖοι (masculine plural vocative)
-αῖαι (feminine plural vocative)
-αῖᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
-αίως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
-αιότερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
-αιότᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

From -ιος (-ios) contracted with a preceding α.

Suffix added to nouns or adjectives, forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to ("of").


-fotad

having a certain kind or number of feet, -footed


-likas

-likas (nominative singular)
-likkaat (nominative plural)
-likkaan (genitive singular)
-likkain (genitive plural)
-likasta (partitive singular)
-likast (partitive singular)
-likkaita (partitive plural)
-likkaja (partitive plural)
-likkaasse (illative singular)
-likkaisse (illative plural)
-likkaas (inessive singular)
-likkais (inessive plural)
-likkaast (elative singular)
-likkaist (elative plural)
-likkaalle (allative singular)
-likkaille (allative plural)
-likkaal (adessive singular)
-likkail (adessive plural)
-likkaalt (ablative singular)
-likkailt (ablative plural)
-likkaaks (singular translative)
-likkaiks (plural translative)
-likkaanna (essive singular)
-likkaan (essive singular)
-likkainna (essive plural)
-likkain (essive plural)
-likkaant (exessive singular)
-likkaint (exessive plural)

onni (“happiness”) + -likas → onnelikas (“happy”)


-бирати

-бира́ти (canonical)
-byráty (romanization)
-бира́ти (imperfective infinitive)
-бира́ть (imperfective infinitive)
-бира́ючи (adverbial imperfective present)
-бира́вши (adverbial imperfective past)
-бира́ю (first-person imperfective present singular)
бу́ду -бира́ти (first-person future imperfective singular)
бу́ду -бира́ть (first-person future imperfective singular)
-бира́тиму (first-person future imperfective singular)
-бира́єш (imperfective present second-person singular)
бу́деш -бира́ти (future imperfective second-person singular)
бу́деш -бира́ть (future imperfective second-person singular)
-бира́тимеш (future imperfective second-person singular)
-бира́є (imperfective present singular third-person)
бу́де -бира́ти (future imperfective singular third-person)
бу́де -бира́ть (future imperfective singular third-person)
-бира́тиме (future imperfective singular third-person)
-бира́єм (first-person imperfective plural present)
-бира́ємо (first-person imperfective plural present)
бу́демо -бира́ти (first-person future imperfective plural)
бу́демо -бира́ть (first-person future imperfective plural)
-бира́тимемо (first-person future imperfective plural)
-бира́тимем (first-person future imperfective plural)
-бира́єте (imperfective plural present second-person)
бу́дете -бира́ти (future imperfective plural second-person)
бу́дете -бира́ть (future imperfective plural second-person)
-бира́тимете (future imperfective plural second-person)
-бира́ють (imperfective plural present third-person)
бу́дуть -бира́ти (future imperfective plural third-person)
бу́дуть -бира́ть (future imperfective plural third-person)
-бира́тимуть (future imperfective plural third-person)
-бира́ймо (first-person imperative plural)
-бира́й (imperative second-person singular)
-бира́йте (imperative plural second-person)
-бира́в (masculine past singular)
-бира́ли (masculine past plural)
-бира́ла (feminine past singular)
-бира́ли (feminine past plural)
-бира́ло (neuter past singular)
-бира́ли (neuter past plural)

From imperfective lengthening of the Proto-Slavic perfective infinitive stem *-bьr- (from the infinitive *bьrati) + -а́ти (-áty). Compare Russian -бира́ть (-birátʹ), Belarusian -біра́ць (-birácʹ).

ви́брати pf (výbraty) → вибира́ти impf (vybyráty)

зібра́ти pf (zibráty) → збира́ти impf (zbyráty)

прибра́ти pf (prybráty) → прибира́ти impf (prybyráty)

розібра́ти pf (rozibráty) → розбира́ти impf (rozbyráty)

бра́ти брати#Ukrainian

Combining form used to form imperfective counterparts of prefixed derivatives of бра́ти (bráty, “to take”).


-льний

-lʹnyj (romanization)
-льний (masculine nominative)
-льне (neuter nominative)
-льна (feminine nominative)
-льні (nominative plural)
-льного (genitive masculine neuter)
-льної (feminine genitive)
-льних (genitive plural)
-льному (dative masculine neuter)
-льній (dative feminine)
-льним (dative plural)
-льного (accusative animate masculine)
-льне (accusative neuter)
-льну (accusative feminine)
-льних (accusative animate plural)
-льний (accusative inanimate masculine)
-льні (accusative inanimate plural)
-льним (instrumental masculine neuter)
-льною (feminine instrumental)
-льними (instrumental plural)
-льному (locative masculine neuter)
-льнім (locative masculine neuter)
-льній (feminine locative)
-льних (locative plural)

uk-adecl-manual

-льному,-льнім

відповіда́ти (vidpovidáty, “to respond, to answer”) + -льний (-lʹnyj) → відповіда́льний (vidpovidálʹnyj, “responsible, accountable, liable”)

живи́ти (žyvýty, “to nourish”) + -льний (-lʹnyj) → живи́льний (žyvýlʹnyj, “nourishing”)

поглина́ти (pohlynáty, “to absorb”) + -льний (-lʹnyj) → поглина́льний (pohlynálʹnyj, “absorbing, absorptive”)

молоди́ти (molodýty, “to rejuvenate”) + -льний (-lʹnyj) → молоди́льний (molodýlʹnyj, “rejuvenating”)

Used to form deverbal adjectives with the meanings:

Performs or is able to perform the action


-नामा

-nāmā (romanization)
نامَہ (Urdu)
-नामा (direct singular)
-नामे (direct plural)
-नामे (oblique singular)
-नामों (oblique plural)
-नामे (singular vocative)
-नामो (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian نامه (-nāma).

bor+

Forms compounds referring to a document or writing


-лий

гни́ти (hnýty, “to rot”) + -лий (-lyj) → гнили́й (hnylýj, “rotted, rotten”)

трива́ти (tryváty, “to last”) + -лий (-lyj) → трива́лий (tryvályj, “lasting, extended, prolonged”)

ки́снути (kýsnuty, “to turn sour”) + -лий (-lyj) → ки́слий (kýslyj, “sour”)

засма́гнути (zasmáhnuty, “to tan”) + -лий (-lyj) → засма́глий (zasmáhlyj, “tan, tanned”)

поме́рти (pomérty, “to die”) + -лий (-lyj) → поме́рлий (pomérlyj, “dead, deceased”)

used to form participle-like adjectives from intransitive verbs, usually the ones that describe state of being or change of state


-лий

-lyj (romanization)
-лий (masculine nominative)
-ле (neuter nominative)
-ла (feminine nominative)
-лі (nominative plural)
-лого (genitive masculine neuter)
-лої (feminine genitive)
-лих (genitive plural)
-лому (dative masculine neuter)
-лій (dative feminine)
-лим (dative plural)
-лого (accusative animate masculine)
-ле (accusative neuter)
-лу (accusative feminine)
-лих (accusative animate plural)
-лий (accusative inanimate masculine)
-лі (accusative inanimate plural)
-лим (instrumental masculine neuter)
-лою (feminine instrumental)
-лими (instrumental plural)
-лому (locative masculine neuter)
-лім (locative masculine neuter)
-лій (feminine locative)
-лих (locative plural)

ви́бути (výbuty, “to quit, to drop out”) + -лий (-lyj) → ви́булий (výbulyj)

поме́рти (pomérty, “to die”) + -лий (-lyj) → поме́рлий (pomérlyj)

заги́нути (zahýnuty, “to perish”) + -лий (-lyj) → заги́блий (zahýblyj)

мину́ти (mynúty, “to pass”) + -лий (-lyj) → мину́лий (mynúlyj)

зрости́ (zrostý, “to grow”) + -лий (-lyj) → зро́слий (zróslyj)

впа́сти (vpásty, “to fall down”) + -лий (-lyj) → впа́лий (vpályj)

відпочи́ти (vidpočýty, “to rest”) + -лий (-lyj) → відпочи́лий (vidpočýlyj)

used to form past active perfective participles from intransitive perfective verbs, usually the ones that describe change of state


رینوـ

Borrowed from French rhino-, from Ancient Greek ῥινός (rhinós), genitive of ῥίς (rhís, “nose”).


ـپلاستی

head

ـپلاستی • (-plâsti)

Borrowed from French -plastie, from Ancient Greek πλαστός (plastós, “molded, formed”).


-뱅이

게으름 (geeureum, “laziness”) + 뱅이 (-baeng'i) → 게으름뱅이 (geeureumbaeng'i, “lazybone; slacker”)

주정(酒酊) (jujeong, “drunkenness”) + 뱅이 (-baeng'i) → 주정(酒酊)뱅이 (jujeongbaeng'i, “drunkard”)

(derogatory, after a noun) person or thing characterized


dicho-

From Ancient Greek δῐ́χᾰ (dĭ́khă, “apart”).


ദുസ്-

ദുസ്- (dus-) + കർമ്മം (kaṟmmaṁ, “act, action”) → ദുഷ്കർമ്മം (duṣkaṟmmaṁ, “evil act”)

badly, hardly; slight, inferior, etc., often = English in- or un-.


-gena

-genae (genitive)
forms identical to feminine forms (masculine neuter)
-gena (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
-genae (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-gena (neuter nominative plural)
-genae (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-genārum (feminine genitive masculine neuter)
-genae (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-genīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
-genam (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-gena (accusative neuter singular)
-genās (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-gena (accusative neuter plural)
-genā (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-genīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
-gena (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
-genae (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-gena (neuter plural vocative)

From gigno (“bear, beget, engender”) + -a (suffix forming agent nouns). Compare the variant -genus.


-iitta

-iitta (nominative singular)
-iitat (nominative plural)
-iitta (accusative nominative singular)
-iitat (accusative nominative plural)
-iitan (accusative genitive singular)
-iitat (accusative genitive plural)
-iitan (genitive singular)
-iittojen (genitive plural)
-iittain (genitive plural rare)
-iittaa (partitive singular)
-iittoja (partitive plural)
-iitassa (inessive singular)
-iitoissa (inessive plural)
-iitasta (elative singular)
-iitoista (elative plural)
-iittaan (illative singular)
-iittoihin (illative plural)
-iitalla (adessive singular)
-iitoilla (adessive plural)
-iitalta (ablative singular)
-iitoilta (ablative plural)
-iitalle (allative singular)
-iitoille (allative plural)
-iittana (essive singular)
-iittoina (essive plural)
-iitaksi (singular translative)
-iitoiksi (plural translative)
-iitatta (abessive singular)
-iitoitta (abessive plural)
-iitoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-iittani (nominative singular)
-iittani (nominative plural)
-iittani (accusative nominative singular)
-iittani (accusative nominative plural)
-iittani (accusative genitive singular)
-iittani (accusative genitive plural)
-iittani (genitive singular)
-iittojeni (genitive plural)
-iittaini (genitive plural rare)
-iittaani (partitive singular)
-iittojani (partitive plural)
-iitassani (inessive singular)
-iitoissani (inessive plural)
-iitastani (elative singular)
-iitoistani (elative plural)
-iittaani (illative singular)
-iittoihini (illative plural)
-iitallani (adessive singular)
-iitoillani (adessive plural)
-iitaltani (ablative singular)
-iitoiltani (ablative plural)
-iitalleni (allative singular)
-iitoilleni (allative plural)
-iittanani (essive singular)
-iittoinani (essive plural)
-iitakseni (singular translative)
-iitoikseni (plural translative)
-iitattani (abessive singular)
-iitoittani (abessive plural)
-iittoineni (comitative plural)
-iittasi (nominative singular)
-iittasi (nominative plural)
-iittasi (accusative nominative singular)
-iittasi (accusative nominative plural)
-iittasi (accusative genitive singular)
-iittasi (accusative genitive plural)
-iittasi (genitive singular)
-iittojesi (genitive plural)
-iittaisi (genitive plural rare)
-iittaasi (partitive singular)
-iittojasi (partitive plural)
-iitassasi (inessive singular)
-iitoissasi (inessive plural)
-iitastasi (elative singular)
-iitoistasi (elative plural)
-iittaasi (illative singular)
-iittoihisi (illative plural)
-iitallasi (adessive singular)
-iitoillasi (adessive plural)
-iitaltasi (ablative singular)
-iitoiltasi (ablative plural)
-iitallesi (allative singular)
-iitoillesi (allative plural)
-iittanasi (essive singular)
-iittoinasi (essive plural)
-iitaksesi (singular translative)
-iitoiksesi (plural translative)
-iitattasi (abessive singular)
-iitoittasi (abessive plural)
-iittoinesi (comitative plural)
-iittamme (nominative singular)
-iittamme (nominative plural)
-iittamme (accusative nominative singular)
-iittamme (accusative nominative plural)
-iittamme (accusative genitive singular)
-iittamme (accusative genitive plural)
-iittamme (genitive singular)
-iittojemme (genitive plural)
-iittaimme (genitive plural rare)
-iittaamme (partitive singular)
-iittojamme (partitive plural)
-iitassamme (inessive singular)
-iitoissamme (inessive plural)
-iitastamme (elative singular)
-iitoistamme (elative plural)
-iittaamme (illative singular)
-iittoihimme (illative plural)
-iitallamme (adessive singular)
-iitoillamme (adessive plural)
-iitaltamme (ablative singular)
-iitoiltamme (ablative plural)
-iitallemme (allative singular)
-iitoillemme (allative plural)
-iittanamme (essive singular)
-iittoinamme (essive plural)
-iitaksemme (singular translative)
-iitoiksemme (plural translative)
-iitattamme (abessive singular)
-iitoittamme (abessive plural)
-iittoinemme (comitative plural)
-iittanne (nominative singular)
-iittanne (nominative plural)
-iittanne (accusative nominative singular)
-iittanne (accusative nominative plural)
-iittanne (accusative genitive singular)
-iittanne (accusative genitive plural)
-iittanne (genitive singular)
-iittojenne (genitive plural)
-iittainne (genitive plural rare)
-iittaanne (partitive singular)
-iittojanne (partitive plural)
-iitassanne (inessive singular)
-iitoissanne (inessive plural)
-iitastanne (elative singular)
-iitoistanne (elative plural)
-iittaanne (illative singular)
-iittoihinne (illative plural)
-iitallanne (adessive singular)
-iitoillanne (adessive plural)
-iitaltanne (ablative singular)
-iitoiltanne (ablative plural)
-iitallenne (allative singular)
-iitoillenne (allative plural)
-iittananne (essive singular)
-iittoinanne (essive plural)
-iitaksenne (singular translative)
-iitoiksenne (plural translative)
-iitattanne (abessive singular)
-iitoittanne (abessive plural)
-iittoinenne (comitative plural)
-iittansa (nominative singular)
-iittansa (nominative plural)
-iittansa (accusative nominative singular)
-iittansa (accusative nominative plural)
-iittansa (accusative genitive singular)
-iittansa (accusative genitive plural)
-iittansa (genitive singular)
-iittojensa (genitive plural)
-iittainsa (genitive plural rare)
-iittaansa (partitive singular)
-iittojaan (partitive plural)
-iittojansa (partitive plural)
-iitassaan (inessive singular)
-iitassansa (inessive singular)
-iitoissaan (inessive plural)
-iitoissansa (inessive plural)
-iitastaan (elative singular)
-iitastansa (elative singular)
-iitoistaan (elative plural)
-iitoistansa (elative plural)
-iittaansa (illative singular)
-iittoihinsa (illative plural)
-iitallaan (adessive singular)
-iitallansa (adessive singular)
-iitoillaan (adessive plural)
-iitoillansa (adessive plural)
-iitaltaan (ablative singular)
-iitaltansa (ablative singular)
-iitoiltaan (ablative plural)
-iitoiltansa (ablative plural)
-iitalleen (allative singular)
-iitallensa (allative singular)
-iitoilleen (allative plural)
-iitoillensa (allative plural)
-iittanaan (essive singular)
-iittanansa (essive singular)
-iittoinaan (essive plural)
-iittoinansa (essive plural)
-iitakseen (singular translative)
-iitaksensa (singular translative)
-iitoikseen (plural translative)
-iitoiksensa (plural translative)
-iitattaan (abessive singular)
-iitattansa (abessive singular)
-iitoittaan (abessive plural)
-iitoittansa (abessive plural)
-iittoineen (comitative plural)
-iittoinensa (comitative plural)

Internationalism (see English -ite), ultimately from Latin -ītēs, Ancient Greek -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs).


чотири-

LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Po ukraińsku (Andriana)-чотири-.wav


-méadrach

From méadrach, from méadar (“metre”) + -ach, a calque of English -metric with phono-semantic matching.


-bulcus

Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *-bʰolḱ-os (“supporter”) from the root *bʰelḱ-, whence also Latin fulciō (“to support”). Traditionally connected with Ancient Greek φύλαξ (phúlax, “guard”), though this is phonologically unconvincing.

sūs (“swine”) + -bulcus → subulcus (“swineherd”)

bōs (“ox”) + -bulcus → bubulcus (“ox-driver”)


keter- -an

makan (“to eat”) → ketermakanan (“edibility”)


-jar

Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, a person who does something, or an animal who does something.


prif-

From prif, from Latin prīmus. Compare Irish príomh-, English prime.


-innah

From the -h converb of ínna (“likeness”).

á (“this”) + -innah → ánnah (“like this”)

inkí (“one”) + -innah → inkínnah (“once”)


-itsa

head

-itsa (front vowel harmony variant -itsä, linguistic notation -itsA)

From Proto-Finnic *-icca, from Proto-Uralic [Term?]. Cognate with Livvi -čču.

A diminutive suffix. No longer productive.


-'jö

From Proto-Cariban *-tɨpô, *-tupô; compare Kari'na -`po.

indicates that an object no longer survives in its originally intended usage; former, ex-


-ewicz

-ewicz (nominative singular)
-ewicze (nominative plural)
-ewicza (genitive singular)
-ewiczy (genitive plural)
-ewiczowi (dative singular)
-ewiczom (dative plural)
-ewicza (accusative singular)
-ewiczy (accusative plural)
-ewiczem (instrumental singular)
-ewiczami (instrumental plural)
-ewiczu (locative singular)
-ewiczach (locative plural)
-ewiczu (singular vocative)
-ewicze (plural vocative)

Antoszek + -ewicz → Antoszkiewicz

alternative form of -owicz, forms surnames, used typically on soft stems


-yny

-yny (nominative plural)
-yn (genitive plural)
-ynom (dative plural)
-yny (accusative plural)
-ynami (instrumental plural)
-ynach (locative plural)
-yny (plural vocative)

postrzyc + -yny → postrzyżyny


pinag-

Pinagluto ko siya ng sinigang.

Pagod na pagod ako kahapon, kaya ginawa ko pinagpahinga ko muna sarili ko.

I'm really tired yesterday, so what I did was I took a rest (for the sake of myself).

attaches to a noun or a root verb which:

indicates that someone willingly did it for oneself or another someone

Pinagsulat ba naman ako ni Dwayne ng documentation naming kahaba-haba, nanakit tuloy nang sobra kamay ko!

Dwayne literally made me write that super lengthy documentation of ours, it made my hand hurt so badly!

Imbes na isuspinde ako dahil dun sa offense ko, pinaglinis na lang nila ako ng school grounds kada umaga nang isang buwan.

Instead of me being suspended because of my offense, they simply made me clean the school grounds every morning for a month.

indicates that someone tasked someone else to do something

pinag- + gawa (“to do”) → pinaggagawa (“what someone did after all this time”)

pinag- + taasan (“to raise the amount”) → pinagtataasan (“had raised the amount on or of every single one”)

pinag- + sabi (“to say”) → pinagsasabi (“every single thing that one said”)

(informal, slightly vulgar, usually negative)

(with duplication of first syllable of root) intensifies the verb and indicates that the effect brought by the verb was largely significant

pinag- + sabi (“to say”) → pinagsasasabi (“what have someone has been saying intensively to the point it sounds nonsense”)

pinag- + kana (“to attempt to do something”) → pinagkakakana (“what someone's been doing after so much going on”)

pinag- + daldal (“to chat intensively”) → pinagdadadaldal (“what someone's been blabbering about”)

pinag- + lampaso (“(extension) to scold someone badly”) → pinaglalalampaso (“to have each and every single one scolded as if to the point of nonstop”)

(with triplication of first syllable of root) intensifies the verb and indicates that the effect brought by the verb is largely significant and still gives an impact up to this time being


гіга-

From Ancient Greek γίγας (gígas, “giant”), whence also гіга́нт (hihánt).


-실

실 (canonical)
-sil (romanization)
室 (hanja)

기획(企劃) (gihoek, “planning”) + 실 (-sil) → 기획실(企劃室) (gihoeksil, “planning section”)


-van

ـڤان (Arabic)
-van (definite feminine masculine nominative)
-van (definite feminine masculine nominative plural)
-vana (construct definite feminine masculine)
-vanê (construct definite feminine masculine)
-vanên (construct definite feminine masculine plural)
-vanê (definite feminine masculine oblique)
-vanî (definite feminine masculine oblique)
-vanan (definite feminine masculine oblique plural)
wê -vanê (definite demonstrative feminine masculine oblique)
wî -vanî (definite demonstrative feminine masculine oblique)
wan -vanan (definite demonstrative feminine masculine oblique plural)
-vanê (definite feminine masculine vocative)
-vano (definite feminine masculine vocative)
-vanino (definite feminine masculine plural vocative)
-vanek (feminine masculine nominative)
-vanin (feminine indefinite masculine nominative plural)
-vaneke (construct feminine masculine)
-vanekî (construct feminine masculine)
-vanine (construct feminine indefinite masculine plural)
-vanekê (feminine masculine oblique)
-vanekî (feminine masculine oblique)
-vaninan (feminine indefinite masculine oblique plural)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect; to shepherd”). Compare Persian ـبان (-bân).

der

ajot(in) (“to drive”) + -van → ajotvan (“driver, chauffeur”)

used to form nouns denoting someone who is an expert in an area or who takes part in an activity: -man, -er, -ist


-éu

pt-noun

-éu m (noun-forming suffix, plural -éus)

ilha (“island”) + -éu → ilhéu (“islet”)

mastro (“mast”) + -éu → mastaréu (“topmast, small mast”)

manto (“cloak”) + -éu → mantéu (“ruff”)

arpão (“harpoon”) + -éu → arpéu (“grappling hook”)

forms the diminutive of nouns
indicates smallness


대-

대 (canonical)
dae- (romanization)
大 (hanja)

From 대(大) (dae, “large size; important thing”).

대 (dae-) + 가족(家族) (gajok, “family”) → 대가족(大家族) (daegajok, “extended family”)

대 (dae-) + 성공(成功) (seonggong, “success”) → 대성공(大成功) (daeseonggong, “great success”)


-배

배 (canonical)
-bae (romanization)
輩 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 輩 (“certain type of people”).

ko-sino

불량(不良) (bullyang, “misconduct, bad character”) + 배 (-bae) → 불량배(不良輩) (bullyangbae, “thugs, troublemakers”)

소인(小人) (soin, “small-minded person”) + 배 (-bae) → 소인배(小人輩) (soinbae, “those with narrow and cunning minds”)


-탕

탕 (canonical)
-tang (romanization)
湯 (hanja)

갈근(葛根) (galgeun, “kudzu root”) + 탕 (-tang) → 갈근탕(葛根湯) (galgeuntang, “kudzu root decoction”)

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(alternative medicine) liquid remedy, tonic, decoction


-jö

(non-productive) forms certain nouns whose possessed forms take no further suffix, with no clear semantic contribution


tru-

tru- + fan → trufan

tru- + trans → trutrans


-copter

The clipped form copter predates it, which raises the question of compounding versus affixing, but regardless, it is now widely reanalyzed as a suffix derived from helicopter.

referring to a vehicle that works with one or more vertical rotors similar to that of a helicopter


soleno-

From Ancient Greek σωλήν (sōlḗn, “channel, syringe”).

der

Having a cavity by which something can pass, like venom


통-

통 (tong-) + 닭 (dak, “chicken”) → 통닭 (tongdak, “whole chicken”)


-ꞌ

illi (“to die”) + -ꞌ → illiꞌ (“death”)

impa (“to eat”) + -ꞌ → impaꞌ (“food”)


Guiano-

the Guiano-Brazilian subregion


Himalo-

the Himalo-Chinese subregion

Himalo-Caucasian


-풍

풍 (canonical)
-pung (romanization)
風 (hanja)

From 풍(風) (pung, “atmosphere; trend; custom”).

현대(現代) (hyeondae, “modern times”) + 풍 (-pung) → 현대풍(現代風) (hyeondaepung, “modern style”)

동양(東洋) (dong'yang, “the Orient”) + 풍 (-pung) → 동양풍(東洋風) (dong'yangpung, “Oriental style”)

비틀스풍으로 노래를 하는 새 밴드

Biteulseu-pung-euro norae-reul haneun sae baendeu


-gil

Oghuz:

desc

Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (-gil)

Classical Azerbaijani: -gilen

Azerbaijani: -ginen, -ynen (dial.), -gilen, -gile (South Azerbaijani)

Turkmeneli Turkic: -ginen

Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (-gil)

Turkish: -gilen, -gilene (dialect in Dulkadirli, Kırşehir)

Salar: -gil

Turkmen: -gin (dial.)

Karluk:

Karakhanid: [script needed] (-gil), [script needed] (-ğıl)

Chagatai: [script needed] (gil), [script needed] (-gin)

Uyghur: [script needed] (-gil), [script needed] (-gin)

Uzbek: -gil, -gin

Kipchak: [script needed] (-gil)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: -ҡыла (-qıla), -келе (-kele) (dial.)

South Kipchak:

East Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: -гыла (-gıla), -гула (-gula) (dial.)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰏𐰠 (-gil)

Old Uyghur: -gyl (-gil)

ẹĺit- (“to listen”) + *-gil → *ẹĺitgil (“Listen!”)

(Common Turkic) Forms the second-person singular imperative.

-eyin

suffix forming first-person singular imperative

-zün

suffix forming third-person singular imperative

-elim

suffix forming first-person plural imperative

-iŋ

suffix forming second-person plural imperative


-gučï

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: -ici, -ıcı, -ucu, -ücü, -yici, -yıcı, -yucu, -yücü

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: -ici, -ıcı, -ucu, -ücü, -yici, -yıcı, -yucu, -yücü, -giç, -gıç, -guç, -güç

Salar: -güci, -ğuci

From Proto-Turkic *-gü + *-či. Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-xecin.

ay- (“to speak”) + *-gučï → *aygučï (“speaker”)


-нэһкь

Borrowed from Russian -ник (-nik).
Related to Ingrian -nikka, Latvian -nieks and Estonian -nik.

соа̄гк (såågk, “word”) + -нэһкь (-nehk’) → соа̄гкнэһкь (såågknehk’, “dictionary”)

пӣрас (pīras, “family”) + -нэһкь (-nehk’) → пӣраснэһкь (pīrasnehk’, “family man”)

пуаз (puaz, “reindeer”) + -нэһкь (-nehk’) → пуазнэһкь (puaznehk’, “person with personal reindeer”)

Appended to noun stems, creating noun, usually denoting a professional, performer, adherent, place, object, tool or a feature.


-gey

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: -a, -ə, -ya, -yə

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: -a, -e, -ya, -ye

öl- (“to die”) + *-gey → *ölgey (“(I hope, I predict) she/he/it dies/will die.”)

Suffix creating optative mood or predictive future.


-egü

Common Turkic: *-agu

Oghuz:

Old Anatolian Turkish:

Azerbaijani: -ov, -öv

Ottoman Turkish:

Turkish: -ey

Karluk:

Chagatai:

Uzbek: -ov

Kipchak:

West Kipchak:

Karachay-Balkar: -еу (-yeu)

Kumyk: -ев (-yew)

North Kipchak:

Bashkir: -әү (-əw)

Tatar: -әү (-äw), -ау (-aw)

South Kipchak:

Aral:

Kazakh: -еу (-eu)

Kirgiz-Kipchak:

Kyrgyz: -өө (-öö)

Southern Altai: -ӱ (-ü)

Siberian:

Old Turkic: 𐰏𐰇 (-egü)


-ümsin

kül- (“to laugh”) + *-ümsin → *külümsin- (“to smile”)

Suffix forming pretense verbs from verbs.


한-

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 하 + ㄴ (Yale: ha- + -n).

ko-nat

한 (han-) + 복판 (bokpan, “the middle”) → 한복판 (hanbokpan, “the very middle”)

한 (han-) + 여름 (yeoreum, “summer”) → 한여름 (hanyeoreum, “midsummer”)

(for nouns) correct, accurate; full-blown, in full swing, peak, mid-


abi-

abi- + oyún (“pregnancy”) → aboyún (“pregnant person”)

abi- + ilé (“house”) + ọkọ (“husband”) → abilékọ (“married woman”)

abi- + ìyẹ́ (“bird”) → abìyẹ́ (“winged animal”)

abi- + ìlà (“line”) → abìlà (“linear; having distinctive lines”)

abi- + iké (“hunchback”) → abuké (“one with a hunchback”)

prefix (added to nouns to create to detail ownership or association)


oli-

From o- (“nominalizing prefix”) + lí (“to have; to own”). The "o" prefix harmonizes with the initial vowel associated with the noun it precedes. Because /n/ and /l/ are allophonic, both oní- and olí- are essentially the same, and in Standard Yoruba, oní- will often have an /l/ when in compounds. However, in certain dialects, the /n/ and /l/ are not allophonic in this case, /l/ is primarily used like in Egba and Ekiti, while in Ondo or Ijebu, only /n/ is used.

af

(Ẹgba) oli- + ilé (“house”) → olílé (“landlord”)

oli- + òòṣà (“deity, orisha”) → olóòṣà (“worshipper of the orisha”)

(Ekiti) oli- + ụgbajúmọ̀ (“fame”) → ọlụ́gbajúmọ̀ (“celebrity”)

(Ekiti) oli- + ọ̀fịn (“palace”) → Ọlọ́fịn (“title associated with kingship and royalty”)

(Ekiti) oli- + ọ̀yị́nyị́n (“gossip”) → ọlọ́yị́nyị́n (“gossiper”)

(Ẹgba) oli- + ìgbín (“a drum associated with the deity Obatala”) + dé (“to arrive”) → Olígbìndé (“A Yoruba surname meaning "The igbin drummer has arrived"”)

oli- + ọwá (“palace, king”) → Ọlọ́wá (“title of a king”)

(Ekiti) oli- + ió (“money”) → olíó (“rich person”)

(Ikalẹ) oli- + oghó (“money”) → ológhó (“rich person”)

(Ondo) oli- + ọ̀bùn (“market”) → Lọ́bùn (“chief of commerce”)

(Ondo) oli- + èkìkì (“oriki”) → lékìkì (“oriki chanter”)

Alternative form of oní- (“a prefix (added to nouns to detail ownership or association to the noun)”)


அவ-

அவ- (ava-) + மானம் (māṉam, “respect, honor”) → அவமானம் (avamāṉam, “disrespect, contempt”)


-𐍄𐍉𐌾𐌹𐍃

From the root of 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taujan, “to do, make”).


п'яти-

LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Po ukraińsku (Andriana)-п'яти-.wav


flergångs-

flergångs- (indefinite nominative singular)
flergångs-s (genitive indefinite singular)
flergångs-en (definite nominative singular)
flergångs-ens (definite genitive singular)
flergångs-ar (indefinite nominative plural)
flergångs-ars (genitive indefinite plural)
flergångs-arna (definite nominative plural)
flergångs-arnas (definite genitive plural)

that can be used several times, reusable


-장

앞 (ap, “front”) + 장 (-jang) → 앞장 (apjang, “lead of a crowd”)


-파

파 (canonical)
-pa (romanization)
波 (hanja)

지진(地震) (jijin, “earthquake”) + 파 (-pa) → 지진파(地震波) (jijinpa, “seismic wave”)

선미(船尾) (seonmi, “stern”) + 파 (-pa) → 선미파(船尾波) (seonmipa, “ship wake”)


-awczy

-awczy (masculine nominative singular)
-awcza (feminine nominative singular)
-awcze (neuter nominative singular)
-awczy (nominative plural virile)
-awcze (nominative plural)
-awczego (genitive masculine singular)
-awczej (feminine genitive singular)
-awczego (genitive neuter singular)
-awczych (genitive plural)
-awczych (genitive plural virile)
-awczemu (dative masculine singular)
-awczej (dative feminine singular)
-awczemu (dative neuter singular)
-awczym (dative plural)
-awczym (dative plural virile)
-awczego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-awczy (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-awczą (accusative feminine singular)
-awcze (accusative neuter singular)
-awczych (accusative plural virile)
-awcze (accusative plural)
-awczym (instrumental masculine singular)
-awczą (feminine instrumental singular)
-awczym (instrumental neuter singular)
-awczymi (instrumental plural)
-awczymi (instrumental plural virile)
-awczym (locative masculine singular)
-awczej (feminine locative singular)
-awczym (locative neuter singular)
-awczych (locative plural)
-awczych (locative plural virile)

opowiadać + -awczy → opowiadawczy


신-

신 (canonical)
sin- (romanization)
新 (hanja)

신 (sin-) + 기록(記錄) (girok, “record”) → 신기록(新記錄) (sin'girok, “new record”)


еко-

Internationalism ultimately from Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos, “house, household”).

der

еко- (eko-) + систе́ма (systéma) → екосисте́ма (ekosystéma)


-류

류 (canonical)
-ryu (romanization)
瘤 (hanja)

정맥(靜脈) (jeongmaek, “vein”) + 류 (-ryu) → 정맥류(靜脈瘤) (jeongmaengnyu, “venous varix”)

(medicine, pathology) aneurysm, varix; outpouching in the circulatory system


-씨

씨 (canonical)
-ssi (romanization)
氏 (hanja)

형수씨

무명(無名) (mumyeong, “anonymity”) + 씨 (-ssi) → 무명씨(無名氏) (mumyeongssi, “Mr. John Doe/Ms. Jane Doe”)

(honorific, referring to one's identity or status) Mr., Ms., Mrs.


-sire

Common Turkic:

Siberian:

Old Turkic: [script needed] (sire-)

Old Uyghur: [script needed] (sire-)

Kipchak

South Kipchak

Nogai: -сире (-sire)

East Kipchak

Kyrgyz: -сире (-sire), -сүрө (-sürö)

desc

Southern Altai: -зире (-zire), -зӱре (-züre), -сире (-sire), -сӱре (-süre)

ȫg (“mind”) + *-sire → *ȫgsire- (“to faint”)

(Old Turkic) Suffix creating a verb with the meaning of "to be without, to be deprived of" from a noun.


-huvad

-headed, having a head with a certain property


-hövdad

-headed (having a certain number or kind of heads)


უ- -ელი

სწავლა (sc̣avla, “to learn”) → უსწავლელი (usc̣avleli, “ignorant, uneducated”)

ლმობიერება (lmobiereba, “mercy”) → ულმობელი (ulmobeli, “merciless”)

ხსენება (xseneba, “to mention”) → უხსენებელი (uxsenebeli, “something that cannot be named, i.e. snake”)

კვლევა (ḳvleva, “to research, inquire”) → უკვლეველი (uḳvleveli, “unresearched, unexamined, unanalyzed, unstudied, untrodden, undiscovered”) (usually used with prefix გამო- (gamo-), as გამოკვლევა (gamoḳvleva))

ქრობა (kroba, “to extinguish/become extinguished”) → უქრობელი (ukrobeli, “unextinguishable, unquenchable”)

შრეტა (šreṭa, “to exhaust/become exhausted, drained, to be used up”) → უშრეტელი (ušreṭeli, “infinite, drainless, everlasting, boundless, bottomless”)

ზრდა (zrda, “to grow”) → უზრდელი (uzrdeli, “impolite, rude, i.e. badly raised, without proper upbringing”)

დარდი (dardi, “sorrow, worry”) → უდარდელი (udardeli, “careless, carefree, untroubled, light-hearted”)

Circumfixed to nouns or verbal nouns to form adjectives meaning 'without (noun affixed)': -less, un-.


უ- -ელი

head

უ- -ელი • (u- -eli) (Latin spelling u- -eli)

გჲარი (gyari, “food”) → უგჲარელი (ugyareli, “hungry”)

მჭკუდი (mç̌ǩudi, “bread”) → უმჭკუდელი (umç̌ǩudeli, “breadless, without bread”)

მითი (miti, “someone”) → უმითელი (umiteli, “orphan”)

ნენა (nena, “tongue”) → უნენელი (uneneli, “quiet”)

Circumfixed to nouns to form adjectives and adverbs meaning 'without (noun affixed)'


𐰇𐰼

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-ür. Cognate with Turkish -ur.

𐰚𐰠 (kel-, “to come”) + 𐰇𐰼 (ür²) → -𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼 (kelür-, “to bring”)


dxʷ-

[derivational prefix referring to matters of the mind]


पूर्व-

hi-prefix

पूर्व- • (pūrv-)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पूर्व (pūrva).


anatomo-

[The CT scanner and the temporomandibular joint. Anatomo-radiologic comparisons. Apropos of 14 cases of algodysfunctional of the manducator system] Vanneroy F, et al. J Radiol 1989 Feb;70(2):127-32 (Eng. Abstr.)

1989, Cumulated Index Medicus (NIH Publication No. 90-259), volumes 30, 1989, subject index Sp-Z, Bethesda, Md.: National Library of Medicine, →ISSN, page 12558, column 1:


-ਧਾਰੀ

head

-ਧਾਰੀ • (-dhārī)

ਖੜਗ (khaṛag, “sword”) + -ਧਾਰੀ (-dhārī) → ਖੜਗਧਾਰੀ (khaṛgadhārī, “sword-bearing”)

ਥਣ (thaṇ, “breast”) + -ਧਾਰੀ (-dhārī) → ਥਣਧਾਰੀ (thaṇdhārī, “mammal (literally "breast-bearing")”)

-bearing; (forms adjectives and nouns from indicating possession of the root noun)

ਖੱਦਰ (khaddar, “homespun”) + -ਧਾਰੀ (-dhārī) → ਖੱਦਰਧਾਰੀ (khaddardhārī, “wearing homespun”)

ਭੇਖ (bhekh, “distinctive dress of a sect”) + -ਧਾਰੀ (-dhārī) → ਭੇਖਧਾਰੀ (bhekhdhārī, “member of a sect”)

-wearing, -clad (forms adjectives and nouns indicating wearing of the root noun)


-iaidd

From Middle Welsh -eid, from Proto-Celtic *‑adi̯os. Cognate with Old Irish -de, Greek -άδα (-áda), Latin -idus.

llun (“shape, form”) + -iaidd → lluniaidd (“shapely, well-formed”)

dewin (“wizard”) + -iaidd → dewiniaidd (“divinatory”)


அல்-

From the root அ (a, “that”, distal pronominal base), from Proto-Dravidian *a-, compare இல்- (il-), from Proto-Dravidian *ī-. See also அல்ல (alla).

அல்- (al-) + திணை (tiṇai, “class, type”) → அஃறிணை (aḥṟiṇai, “no class, lower class”)

added to nouns and verbs so as to negate it's sense


-पा

Inherited from Prakrit -𑀧𑁆𑀧 (-ppa) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-), from Sanskrit -त्व (-tva), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-twam, from Proto-Indo-European *-twom, thematicized from *-tu. Compare -पन (-pan).

Forms masculine abstract nouns from adjectives and other nouns: -ity, -ness, -hood, -ship, etc.


-изировать

-изи́ровать • (-izírovatʹ)

-изи́ровать (canonical)
-izírovatʹ (romanization)

[ʲɪˈzʲirəvətʲ]


-owiszcze

-owiszcze (nominative singular)
-owiszcza (nominative plural)
-owiszcza (genitive singular)
-owiszczy (genitive plural)
-owiszczu (dative singular)
-owiszczom (dative plural)
-owiszcze (accusative singular)
-owiszcza (accusative plural)
-owiszczem (instrumental singular)
-owiszczami (instrumental plural)
-owiszczu (locative singular)
-owiszczach (locative plural)
-owiszcze (singular vocative)
-owiszcza (plural vocative)

/ɔˈviʂ.t͡ʂɛ/

From Proto-Slavic *-ovъ + Proto-Slavic *-išče.


-þi

Forms abstract nouns from verbs, adjectives or other nouns.


paṭi-

Inherited from Sanskrit प्रति- (prati-).

Verbal prefix:
against, in opposition to, opposite


-ਮੁਖੀ

ਅੰਤਰ (antar, “interior”) + -ਮੁਖੀ (-mukhī) → ਅੰਤਰਮੁਖੀ (antarmukhī, “inward-facing; introverted”)

ਸੂਰਜ (sūraj, “sun”) + -ਮੁਖੀ (-mukhī) → ਸੂਰਜਮੁਖੀ (sūrjamukhī, “sunflower”)

-facing (forms adjectives and nouns from nouns)

ਚੁ- (cu-, “four (combining form)”) + -ਮੁਖੀ (-mukhī) → ਚੁਮੁਖੀ (cumukhī, “having four sides or corners”)

ਬਹੁ- (bahu-, “many; multi-”) + -ਮੁਖੀ (-mukhī) → ਬਹੁਮੁਖੀ (bahumukhī, “multifaceted”)

-faceted (forms adjectives and nouns from nouns)


-ulu

Inherited from Latin -ulus. Compare Italian -olo.


-zɨ

Cognates include Minica Huitoto -zɨ and Nüpode Huitoto -tɨ.

Classifier for small oval-shaped objects.


thigmo-

From Ancient Greek θῐ́γμᾰ (thĭ́gmă) + -o-, from the root of θῐγγᾰ́νω (thĭngắnō, “to touch”).

thigmo- + tropism (“movement, turning”) → thigmotropism (“movement of a plant because of touching”)

(biology, botany) related to touching, usually a plant.


ਅੰਤਰ-

ਅੰਤਰ- (antara-) + ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ (rāśṭarī, “national”) → ਅੰਤਰਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ (antarrāśaṭrī, “internationl”)


-ਈਕਰਨ

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit -ईकरण (-īkaraṇa).

lbor

ਸ਼ਹਿਰ (śahir, “city”) + -ਈਕਰਨ (-īkaran) → ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀਕਰਨ (śahirīkran, “urbanization”)

ਵਾਸ਼ਪ (vāśap, “vapour”) + -ਈਕਰਨ (-īkaran) → ਵਾਸ਼ਪੀਕਰਨ (vāśpīkaran, “vaporization”)

-ization (suffix forming nouns denoting the act, process, or result of doing or making something.)


𐱅

Derived from Sogdian 𐼜 (t, “taw”), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܬ (“taw”).

A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /t/, used with front vowels.


-ωσις

→ Catalan: -osi

→ Dutch: -ose

→ English: -osis

→ Esperanto: -ozo

→ French: -ose

→ German: -ose

→ Interlingua: -osis

→ Irish: -óis

→ Italian: -osi

→ Latin: -ōsis

→ Polish: -oza

→ Portuguese: -ose

→ Russian: -оз (-oz)

→ Spanish: -osis

→ Ukrainian: -оз (-oz)

Originally the ending -σις (-sis) when suffixed to verbs ending in -όω (-óō) or occasionally verbs whose root ends in ω, but later reinterpreted as a suffix in its own right.


şamaq

head

şamaq (third-person singular aorist şayır, second person singular imperative şayı)

şayır (aorist singular third-person)
şayı (imperative second-person singular)
şamaq (infinitive)
şama (noun-from-verb)
şadı (adverbial)
şayı
şağılı (impersonal participle)
şayan (impersonal participle)
şadıq (participle personal)
şamış
şağılıq
şamalığ
şamalı
şağır
şayım (aorist indicative singular)
şayııñ (aorist indicative singular)
şayır (aorist indicative singular)
şayımız (aorist indicative plural)
şayıñız (aorist indicative plural)
şayılar (aorist indicative plural)
şayır-artım (aorist indicative singular)
şayır-artııñ (aorist indicative singular)
şayır-artı (aorist indicative singular)
şayır-artıq (aorist indicative plural)
şayır-artıñız (aorist indicative plural)
şayır-artılar (aorist indicative plural)
şayır-amışam (aorist indicative singular)
şayır-amışañ (aorist indicative singular)
şayır-amış (aorist indicative singular)
şayır-amışaq (aorist indicative plural)
şayır-amışañız (aorist indicative plural)
şayır-amışallar (aorist indicative plural)
şayôrım (indicative present singular)
şayôrııñ (indicative present singular)
şayôr (indicative present singular)
şayôrı (indicative present singular)
şayôrıq (indicative plural present)
şayôrıñız (indicative plural present)
şayullar (indicative plural present)
şayôr-artım (indicative past present progressive singular)
şayôr-artııñ (indicative past present progressive singular)
şayôr-artı (indicative past present progressive singular)
şayôr-artıq (indicative past plural present progressive)
şayôr-artıñız (indicative past plural present progressive)
şayôr-aortılar (indicative past plural present progressive)
şayôr-amışam (indicative perfect present progressive singular)
şayôr-amışañ (indicative perfect present progressive singular)
şayôr-amış (indicative perfect present progressive singular)
şayôr-amışaq (indicative perfect plural present progressive)
şayôr-amışañız (indicative perfect plural present progressive)
şayôr-amışallar (indicative perfect plural present progressive)
şadım (indicative past singular)
şadııñ (indicative past singular)
şadı (indicative past singular)
şadıq (indicative past plural)
şadıñız (indicative past plural)
şadılar (indicative past plural)
şayıtım (indicative past singular)
şaytım (indicative past singular)
şayıtııñ (indicative past singular)
şaytııñ (indicative past singular)
şayıtı (indicative past singular)
şaytı (indicative past singular)
şayıtıq (indicative past plural)
şaytıq (indicative past plural)
şayıtıñız (indicative past plural)
şaytıñız (indicative past plural)
şayıtılar (indicative past plural)
şaytılar (indicative past plural)
şamışam (indicative perfect singular)
şamışañ (indicative perfect singular)
şamış (indicative perfect singular)
şamışaq (indicative perfect plural)
şamışañız (indicative perfect plural)
şamışallar (indicative perfect plural)
şamış-artım (indicative perfect pluperfect singular)
şamış-artııñ (indicative perfect pluperfect singular)
şamış-artı (indicative perfect pluperfect singular)
şamış-artıq (indicative perfect pluperfect plural)
şamış-artıñız (indicative perfect pluperfect plural)
şamış-artılar (indicative perfect pluperfect plural)
şamış-amışam (indicative perfect singular)
şamış-amışañ (indicative perfect singular)
şamış-amış (indicative perfect singular)
şamış-amışaq (indicative perfect plural)
şamış-amışañız (indicative perfect plural)
şamış-amışallar (indicative perfect plural)
şasam (conditional singular)
şasañ (conditional singular)
şasa (conditional singular)
şasaq (conditional plural)
şasañız (conditional plural)
şasalar (conditional plural)
şayığam (intentive singular)
şayğam (intentive singular)
şayığañ (intentive singular)
şayğañ (intentive singular)
şayığa (intentive singular)
şayğa (intentive singular)
şayığaq (intentive plural)
şayğaq (intentive plural)
şayığañız (intentive plural)
şayğañız (intentive plural)
bənâ şayığalar (intentive plural)
bənâ şayğalar (intentive plural)
şayıdım (imperative singular)
şaydım (imperative singular)
şayı (imperative singular)
şay (imperative singular)
şayıta (imperative singular)
şayta (imperative singular)
şayıdıq (imperative plural)
şaydıq (imperative plural)
şayıdııñ (imperative plural)
şaydııñ (imperative plural)
şayıtalar (imperative plural)
şaytalar (imperative plural)
şamamaq (infinitive negative)
şamam (aorist indicative negative singular)
şamañ (aorist indicative negative singular)
şamaz (aorist indicative negative singular)
şamamız (aorist indicative negative plural)
şamañız (aorist indicative negative plural)
şamazlar (aorist indicative negative plural)
şamaz-artım (aorist indicative negative singular)
şamaz-artııñ (aorist indicative negative singular)
şamaz-artı (aorist indicative negative singular)
şamaz-artıq (aorist indicative negative plural)
şamaz-artıñız (aorist indicative negative plural)
şamaz-artılar (aorist indicative negative plural)
şamaz-amışam (aorist indicative negative singular)
şamaz-amışañ (aorist indicative negative singular)
şamaz-amış (aorist indicative negative singular)
şamaz-amışaq (aorist indicative negative plural)
şamaz-amışañız (aorist indicative negative plural)
şamaz-amışallar (aorist indicative negative plural)
şamayôrım (indicative negative present singular)
şamayôrııñ (indicative negative present singular)
şamayôr (indicative negative present singular)
şamayôrı (indicative negative present singular)
şamayôrıq (indicative negative plural present)
şamayôrıñız (indicative negative plural present)
şamayullar (indicative negative plural present)
şamayôr-artım (indicative negative past present progressive singular)
şamayôr-artııñ (indicative negative past present progressive singular)
şamayôr-artı (indicative negative past present progressive singular)
şamayôr-artıq (indicative negative past plural present progressive)
şamayôr-artıñız (indicative negative past plural present progressive)
şamayôr-artılar (indicative negative past plural present progressive)
şamayôr-amışam (indicative negative perfect present progressive singular)
şamayôr-amışañ (indicative negative perfect present progressive singular)
şamayôr-amış (indicative negative perfect present progressive singular)
şamayôr-amışaq (indicative negative perfect plural present progressive)
şamayôr-amışañız (indicative negative perfect plural present progressive)
şamayôr-amışallar (indicative negative perfect plural present progressive)
şamadım (indicative negative past singular)
şamadııñ (indicative negative past singular)
şamadı (indicative negative past singular)
şamadıq (indicative negative past plural)
şamadıñız (indicative negative past plural)
şamadılar (indicative negative past plural)
şamadıqam (indicative negative perfect singular)
şamadıqañ (indicative negative perfect singular)
şamadıq (indicative negative perfect singular)
şamadıqaq (indicative negative perfect plural)
şamadıqañız (indicative negative perfect plural)
şamadıqallar (indicative negative perfect plural)
şamadıq-artım (indicative negative perfect pluperfect singular)
şamadıq-artııñ (indicative negative perfect pluperfect singular)
şamadıq-artı (indicative negative perfect pluperfect singular)
şamadıq-artıq (indicative negative perfect pluperfect plural)
şamadıq-artıñız (indicative negative perfect pluperfect plural)
şamadıq-artılar (indicative negative perfect pluperfect plural)
şamadıq-amışam (indicative negative perfect singular)
şamadıq-amışañ (indicative negative perfect singular)
şamadıq-amış (indicative negative perfect singular)
şamadıq-amışaq (indicative negative perfect plural)
şamadıq-amışañız (indicative negative perfect plural)
şamadıq-amışallar (indicative negative perfect plural)
şamasam (conditional negative singular)
şamasañ (conditional negative singular)
şamasa (conditional negative singular)
şamasaq (conditional negative plural)
şamasañız (conditional negative plural)
şamasalar (conditional negative plural)
şamağam (intentive negative singular)
şamağañ (intentive negative singular)
şamağa (intentive negative singular)
şamağaq (intentive negative plural)
şamağañız (intentive negative plural)
şamağalar (intentive negative plural)
şamadım (imperative negative singular)
şama (imperative negative singular)
şamata (imperative negative singular)
şamadıq (imperative negative plural)
şamadııñ (imperative negative plural)
şamatalar (imperative negative plural)

klj-conj-v

şayıtııñ, şaytııñ

şayıtıñız, şaytıñız

şayığañ, şayğañ

şayığañız, şayğañız

şayıdııñ, şaydııñ

klj-conj-head

şayıtııñ, şaytııñ

şayıtıñız, şaytıñız

şamış-artııñ

şamış-amışañ

şamış-amışañız

şayığañ, şayğañ

şayığañız, şayğañız

şayıdııñ, şaydııñ

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *īĺč, through an earlier *ışamaq.

(auxiliary verb) Forms verbs from nouns and adjectives


-nurkkain

-nurkkain (nominative singular)
-nurkkaiset (nominative plural)
-nurkkaisen (genitive singular)
-nurkkaisiin (genitive plural)
-nurkkaista (partitive singular)
-nurkkaist (partitive singular)
-nurkkaisia (partitive plural)
-nurkkaisee (illative singular)
-nurkkaisii (illative plural)
-nurkkaisees (inessive singular)
-nurkkaisiis (inessive plural)
-nurkkaisest (elative singular)
-nurkkaisist (elative plural)
-nurkkaiselle (allative singular)
-nurkkaisille (allative plural)
-nurkkaiseel (adessive singular)
-nurkkaisiil (adessive plural)
-nurkkaiselt (ablative singular)
-nurkkaisilt (ablative plural)
-nurkkaiseks (singular translative)
-nurkkaisiks (plural translative)
-nurkkaisenna (essive singular)
-nurkkaiseen (essive singular)
-nurkkaisinna (essive plural)
-nurkkaisiin (essive plural)
-nurkkaisent (exessive singular)
-nurkkaisint (exessive plural)
-nurkkain (nominative singular)
-nurkkaiset (nominative plural)
-nurkkaist (nominative plural)
-nurkkaisen (genitive singular)
-nurkkaisiin (genitive plural)
-nurkaista (partitive singular)
-nurkaist (partitive singular)
-nurkkaisia (partitive plural)
-nurkkaisee (illative singular)
-nurkkaisii (illative plural)
-nurkkaisees (inessive singular)
-nurkkaisiis (inessive plural)
-nurkkaiseest (elative singular)
-nurkkaisiist (elative plural)
-nurkkaiselle (allative singular)
-nurkkaisille (allative plural)
-nurkkaiseel (adessive singular)
-nurkkaisiil (adessive plural)
-nurkkaiseelt (ablative singular)
-nurkkaisiilt (ablative plural)
-nurkkaiseeks (singular translative)
-nurkkaisiiks (plural translative)
-nurkkaiseen (essive singular)
-nurkkaisiin (essive plural)
-nurkkaiseent (exessive singular)
-nurkkaisiint (exessive plural)

From nurkka (“angle”) + -in. Akin to Finnish -nurkkainen.

Used to form names of polygons: -gon, -angle


-ইনী

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit -इनी (-inī).

lbor

তট (toṭ, “coast”) + -ইনী (-ini) → তটিনী (toṭini, “river”)


-oan

bismuth + -oan → bismuthoan (“containing trivalent bismuth”)

cupro- (“copper”) + -oan → cuproan (“containing monovalent copper”)

plumbo- (“lead”) + -oan → plumboan (“containing divalent lead”)

Used to convert the name of an atom or ion to an adjective that means containing cations or anions of that atom or ion.


Carpatho-

the Carpatho-Russian people


-wardas

-wardas (masculine nominative singular)
-wardasu (feminine nominative singular)
-wardas (neuter nominative singular)
-wardasanā (accusative masculine singular)
-wardasā (accusative feminine singular)
-wardas (accusative neuter singular)
-wardasas (genitive masculine singular)
-wardaseʀā (feminine genitive singular)
-wardasas (genitive neuter singular)
-wardasumē (dative masculine singular)
-wardaseʀē (dative feminine singular)
-wardasumē (dative neuter singular)
-wardasu (instrumental masculine singular)
-wardaseʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
-wardasu (instrumental neuter singular)
-wardasē (masculine nominative plural)
-wardasō (feminine nominative plural)
-wardasu (neuter nominative plural)
-wardasā (accusative masculine plural)
-wardasā (accusative feminine plural)
-wardasu (accusative neuter plural)
-wardaseʀō (genitive masculine plural)
-wardaseʀō (feminine genitive plural)
-wardaseʀō (genitive neuter plural)
-wardasēm (dative masculine plural)
-wardasum (dative masculine plural)
-wardasēm (dative feminine plural)
-wardasum (dative feminine plural)
-wardasēm (dative neuter plural)
-wardasum (dative neuter plural)
-wardasēm (instrumental masculine plural)
-wardasum (instrumental masculine plural)
-wardasēm (feminine instrumental plural)
-wardasum (feminine instrumental plural)
-wardasēm (instrumental neuter plural)
-wardasum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Old English: -weardes
Middle English: -wardes, -wardis, -wardus
English: -wards
Scots: -wardis

Old Saxon: *-wardes

Middle Low German: -wērdes

Low German: -warts

→ Swedish: -värtes

Old Dutch: -wardes, *-werdes

Middle Dutch: -waerts, -werts

Dutch: -waarts

Old High German: -wartes, -wertes

Middle High German: -wertes

German: -wärts

Fossilized from the genitive singular of *-ward.


holt-

holt- + tér (“area, space”) → holttér (“blind spot”, literally “unusable space”)


𐰠𐰀

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-le. Cognate with Chuvash -ла (-la), Turkish -la, Kazakh -лау (-lau), Yakut -лаа (-laa). Compare also Mongolian -лах (-lax), Manchu ᠊ᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (-lambi).

𐰉 (ab, “hunt”) + 𐰠𐰀 (l²a) → 𐰉𐰞𐰀 (abla-, “to hunt”)


-vu

-legea (“to be loose”) + -vu → -legevu (“loose”)

-lemaa (“to be disabled”) + -vu → ulemavu (“disability”)

suffix used to derive a noun or adjective from a verb with stem ending in a vowel


ਕਮ-

From ਕਮ (kam, “little, less”), from Classical Persian کم (kam).

ਕਮ- (kama-) + ਖਰਚ (kharac, “expenditure”) → ਕਮਖਰਚ (kamkharac, “frugal”)

little, less (added to nouns to form nouns or adjectives indicating a lesser extent or amount)


־באַר

head

־באַר • (-bar)

From Middle High German -bære, from Old High German -bāri, from Proto-Germanic *bēriz.


-měr

-měr (nominative singular)
-měry (nominative plural)
-měru (genitive singular)
-měrů (genitive plural)
-měru (dative singular)
-měrům (dative plural)
-měr (accusative singular)
-měry (accusative plural)
-měre (singular vocative)
-měry (plural vocative)
-měru (locative singular)
-měrech (locative plural)
-měrem (instrumental singular)
-měry (instrumental plural)

elektro- + -měr → elektroměr

palivo + -měr → palivoměr

rychlý + -o- + -měr → rychloměr


-hjuling

-wheeler (vehicle having a certain number or kind of wheels)


-mynt

-mouthed (having a mouth with certain characteristics)


ਖ਼ੁਦ

Borrowed from Classical Persian خود (xʷud).


-ऊ

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀉𑀕 (-uga) from Sanskrit -उक (-uka) from Proto-Indo-European *-u-kos.

inh+

पतला (patlā, “thin”) + -ऊ (-ū) → पतलू (patlū, “(endearing) skinny one”)

चिपकना (cipaknā, “to stick”) + -ऊ (-ū) → चिपकू (cipkū, “(slang, derogatory) a clingy person”)

(added to adjectives or nouns) a person characterized by (often with diminutive, endearing, or pejorative meaning)


-आपयति

-āpáyati (romanization)
-आपयति (present)
-आपयते (present)
-आपयति (active indicative singular third-person)
-आपयतः (active dual indicative third-person)
-आपयन्ति (active indicative plural third-person)
-आपयते (indicative singular third-person)
-आपयेते (dual indicative third-person)
-आपयन्ते (indicative plural third-person)
-आपयसि (active indicative second-person singular)
-आपयथः (active dual indicative second-person)
-आपयथ (active indicative plural second-person)
-आपयसे (indicative second-person singular)
-आपयेथे (dual indicative second-person)
-आपयध्वे (indicative plural second-person)
-आपयामि (active first-person indicative singular)
-आपयावः (active dual first-person indicative)
-आपयामः (active first-person indicative plural)
-आपयामसि1 (active first-person indicative plural)
-आपये (first-person indicative singular)
-आपयावहे (dual first-person indicative)
-आपयामहे (first-person indicative plural)
-आपयतु (active imperative singular third-person)
-आपयताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
-आपयन्तु (active imperative plural third-person)
-आपयताम् (imperative singular third-person)
-आपयेताम् (dual imperative third-person)
-आपयन्ताम् (imperative plural third-person)
-आपय (active imperative second-person singular)
-आपयतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
-आपयत (active imperative plural second-person)
-आपयस्व (imperative second-person singular)
-आपयेथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
-आपयध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
-आपयानि (active first-person imperative singular)
-आपयाव (active dual first-person imperative)
-आपयाम (active first-person imperative plural)
-आपयै (first-person imperative singular)
-आपयावहै (dual first-person imperative)
-आपयामहै (first-person imperative plural)
-आपयेत् (active imperative singular third-person)
-आपयेताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
-आपयेयुः (active imperative plural third-person)
-आपयेत (imperative singular third-person)
-आपयेयाताम् (dual imperative third-person)
-आपयेरन् (imperative plural third-person)
-आपयेः (active imperative second-person singular)
-आपयेतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
-आपयेत (active imperative plural second-person)
-आपयेथाः (imperative second-person singular)
-आपयेयाथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
-आपयेध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
-आपयेयम् (active first-person imperative singular)
-आपयेव (active dual first-person imperative)
-आपयेम (active first-person imperative plural)
-आपयेय (first-person imperative singular)
-आपयेवहि (dual first-person imperative)
-आपयेमहि (first-person imperative plural)
-आपयात् (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-आपयाति (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-आपयातः (active dual subjunctive third-person)
-आपयान् (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-आपयाते (singular subjunctive third-person)
-आपयातै (singular subjunctive third-person)
-आपयैते (dual subjunctive third-person)
-आपयन्त (plural subjunctive third-person)
-आपयान्तै (plural subjunctive third-person)
-आपयाः (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-आपयासि (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-आपयाथः (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-आपयाथ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-आपयासे (second-person singular subjunctive)
-आपयासै (second-person singular subjunctive)
-आपयैथे (dual second-person subjunctive)
-आपयाध्वै (plural second-person subjunctive)
-आपयानि (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-आपयाव (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-आपयाम (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-आपयै (first-person singular subjunctive)
-आपयावहै (dual first-person subjunctive)
-आपयामहै (first-person plural subjunctive)
-आपयत् (active participle)
-आपयमान (participle)
-आपयान2 (participle)
-आपयत् (imperfect)
-आपयत (imperfect)
-आपयत् (active indicative singular third-person)
-आपयताम् (active dual indicative third-person)
-आपयन् (active indicative plural third-person)
-आपयत (indicative singular third-person)
-आपयेताम् (dual indicative third-person)
-आपयन्त (indicative plural third-person)
-आपयः (active indicative second-person singular)
-आपयतम् (active dual indicative second-person)
-आपयत (active indicative plural second-person)
-आपयथाः (indicative second-person singular)
-आपयेथाम् (dual indicative second-person)
-आपयध्वम् (indicative plural second-person)
-आपयम् (active first-person indicative singular)
-आपयाव (active dual first-person indicative)
-आपयाम (active first-person indicative plural)
-आपये (first-person indicative singular)
-आपयावहि (dual first-person indicative)
-आपयामहि (first-person indicative plural)

Prakrit: -𑀆𑀯𑁂𑀤𑀺 (-āvedi)

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Old Gujarati: -आविवउं (-āvivaũ)

Gujarati: -આવવું (-āvavũ)

Marathi: -आवणे (-āvṇe)

Nepali: -आउनु (-āunu)

Hindustani:

Hindi: -आना (-ānā)

Urdu: آنا (ānā)

Old Punjabi: -ਆਵਣਾ (-āvaṇā)

Gurmukhi script: -ਆਉਣਾ (-āuṇā)

Romani: -avel

Pali: -āpeti

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti, with an intervening unexplained -p-; this would make it a cognate with Latin -o. Otherwise, it is a secondary development in Sanskrit from -आ (-ā) + -प्- (-p-) + -अयति (-ayati).
Cognates include Latin -āre (the whole first conjugation in the present) together with its Proto-Italic ancestor *-āō, Ancient Greek -άω (-áō, contracted verb), Proto-Germanic *-ōną (referring to the whole conjugation in which the infinitive is *-ōną) and Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei (whence the infinite Proto-Slavic *-ati, referring again to the whole conjugation).

cog

कर्मकार (karmakāra, “worker, servant”) + -आपयति (-āpayati) → कर्मकारापयति (karmakārāpayati, “causes to work as a servant”)

forms some denominative verbs, sometimes with causative meaning


hunan-

hunan- + eglur (“clear”) → hunaneglur (“self-evident”)

hunan- + lladdiad (“killing”) → hunanladdiad (“suicide”)

hunan- + parch (“respect”) → hunan-barch (“self-respect”)

hunan- + ynysu (“to isolate”) → hunanynysu (“to self-isolate”)


-ev

Based on the Kipchak reflexes of Proto-Turkic *-g (compare Southern Altai -у (-u)) during the language reform. Doublet of -i.

işle- (“to handle”) + -ev → işlev (“function”)

sına- (“to try, to test”) + -av → sınav (“test, exam”)


-yeva

forms feminine patronymic surnames, masculine equivalent -yev


-vod

cs-noun

-vod m inan or m anim (noun-forming suffix)

-vod (nominative singular)
-vody (nominative plural)
-vodu (genitive singular)
-vodů (genitive plural)
-vodu (dative singular)
-vodům (dative plural)
-vod (accusative singular)
-vody (accusative plural)
-vode (singular vocative)
-vody (plural vocative)
-vodu (locative singular)
-vodech (locative plural)
-vodem (instrumental singular)
-vody (instrumental plural)
-vod (nominative singular)
-vodi (nominative plural)
-voda (genitive singular)
-vodů (genitive plural)
-vodovi (dative singular)
-vodu (dative singular)
-vodům (dative plural)
-voda (accusative singular)
-vody (accusative plural)
-vode (singular vocative)
-vodi (plural vocative)
-vodovi (locative singular)
-vodu (locative singular)
-vodech (locative plural)
-vodem (instrumental singular)
-vody (instrumental plural)

loď + -vod → lodivod

pes + -o- + -vod → psovod

Denotes a person who leads or directs something


vodo-

vodo- + -měr (“-meter”) → vodoměr (“water meter”)

vodo- + pád (“fall”) → vodopád (“waterfall”)

vodo- + -pis (“-graphy”) → vodopis (“hydrography”)

vodo- + -vod → vodovod (“waterworks, plumbing”)


-ਦਾਨ

head

-ਦਾਨ • (-dān) m (diminutive -ਦਾਨੀ, Shahmukhi spelling ـدان)

-dān (romanization)
-ਦਾਨੀ (diminutive)
ـدان (Shahmukhi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian ـدان (-dān). Compare Hindi -दान (-dān).

bor+

ਫੁੱਲ (phulla, “flower”) + -ਦਾਨ (-dān) → ਫੁੱਲਦਾਨ (phulladān, “flowerpot”)

ਕੂੜਾ (kūṛā, “rubbish”) + -ਦਾਨ (-dān) → ਕੂੜੇਦਾਨ (kūṛedān, “dustbin”)

forms nouns referring to containers or recepticles


-आबाद

Borrowed from Classical Persian ـآباد (-âbâd).


-mbëdhjetë

Univerbation of mbë + dhjetë, literally “in ten”. Compare parallel formation in Romanian -sprezece, Proto-Slavic *na desęte.

univ

një (“one”) + -mbëdhjetë → njëmbëdhjetë (“eleven”)

gjashtë (“six”) + -mbëdhjetë → gjashtëmbëdhjetë (“sixteen”)


(m)aN-

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maN-.


אויפֿ־

head

אויפֿ־ • (oyf-)

אויף (oyf) in compounds. Compare German auf-.

אויפֿהערן אויפֿהערן


-sprezece

Univerbation of spre + zece, literally “to ten”. The formation is otherwise unknown to the Romance languages, and was influenced by neighbouring languages, such as Albanian -mbëdhjetë and Old Church Slavonic на десѧте (na desęte).

cog

un (“one”) + -sprezece → unsprezece (“eleven”)

cinci (“five”) + -sprezece → cincisprezece (“fifteen”)


-надцать

head

-на́дцать or -надцать • (-nádcatʹ or -nadcatʹ)

-на́дцать (canonical)
-надцать (canonical)
-nádcatʹ (romanization)
-nadcatʹ (romanization)
-надцать (nominative singular)
-надцати (genitive singular)
-надцати (dative singular)
-надцать (accusative singular)
-надцатью (instrumental singular)
-надцати (prepositional singular)

→ English: Nadsat

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na desęte. Compare Old Church Slavonic на десѧте (na desęte), Polish -naście. By surface analysis, на (na) + десять (desjatʹ), literally “on ten”.

surf

три (tri, “three”) + -надцать (-nadcatʹ) → трина́дцать (trinádcatʹ, “thirteen”)


smäck-

Cognate of the prefix in Danish smækfed. Likely cognate of English smack (“a slap”).

smäck- + fet (“fat”) → smäckfet (“very fat”)

very (in particular in reference to volumes)


უ- -ური

წიგნი (c̣igni, “book”) → უწიგნური (uc̣ignuri, “illiterate, uneducated”)

სახე (saxe, “face”) → უსახური (usaxuri, “ugly, disfigured”)

მადლიერი (madlieri, “grateful”) → უმადური (umaduri, “thankless, ungrateful”)

ბედი (bedi, “destiny, fate, fortune”) → უბედური (ubeduri, “unhappy, unlucky, unfortunate”)

დაბა (daba, “small settlement”) → უდაბური (udaburi, “deserted, desolate”)

Circumfixed to nouns or verbal nouns to form adjectives meaning 'without (noun affixed)': -less, un-, in- im-, lacking in something, devoid of something.


-roida

head

-roida (front vowel harmony variant -röidä, stem -roi-, linguistic notation -rOi- or -rOidA)


უ- -არი

ძილი (ʒili, “sleep”) → უძილარი (uʒilari, “sleepless”)

ძილი (ʒili, “sleep”) → უძინარი (uʒinari, “sleepless”) (variation of the version above)

ცოდნა (codna, “knowledge”) → უცოდინარი (ucodinari, “ignorant”)

მეცნიერი (mecnieri, “scholar, scientist, learned, erudite”) → უმეცარი (umecari, “ignorant”)

სიცილი (sicili, “laughter”) → უცინარი (ucinari, “someone who doesn’t laugh, mirthless, glum, sullen, sulky”)

ჩენა (čena, “appearing”) → უჩინარი (učinari, “invisible”)

წყენა (c̣q̇ena, “offence, hurt, wrong, injury”) → უწყინარი (uc̣q̇inari, “harmless, innocuous”)

ხსოვნა (xsovna, “remembrance, recollection, memories of past things/people”) → უხსოვარი (uxsovari, “immemorial, extremely old, dateless”)


-ăc

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьcь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ikas, from Proto-Indo-European *-ikos.

brot + -ăc → brotăc

büg + -ăc → büzăc


-zoj

Alternative form of -oj. Forms verbs from nouns and adjectives.


־ינקע

Either ־ין (-in) + ־קע (-ke), or directly borrowed from Slavic; compare Polish -eńka, Russian -енька (-enʹka).

Forms diminutive, often endearing, nouns from other nouns and adjectives.


-phalangia

From Latin phalanx, with combining form phalang-.

a- + -phalangia → aphalangia

brachy- + -phalangia → brachyphalangia

(medicine) Denoting a condition of the phalange bones in the fingers and toes.


უ- -ალი

ტირილი (ṭirili, “crying”) → უტირალი (uṭirali, “tearless, without crying”)


𐰾𐰔

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-siŕ (“-less”). Cognate with Old Uyghur -𐽻𐽶𐽴 (-siz), Chuvash -сӗр (-sĕr), Turkish -siz, Uzbek -siz, Bashkir -һеҙ (-heź), Tuvan -сиз (-siz).

inh+

-less; a suffix denoting the lack of something


kaca-

Uncertain. Likely akin to Greek κατσο- (katso-) and possibly borrowed from it. Alternatively from kec, kac (“goat, lamb”).

A prefixoid denoting sharpness, roughness, abruptness and/or curvity.


-onjës

Derived from the active first-person singular indicative form of the verb ending in -nj.

lexoj + -onjës → lexonjës

mësoj + -onjës → mësonjës

punoj + -onjës → punonjës

(Tosk or archaic) forms male agent nouns.


-ëh

-ëh / *-eh (canonical)
-ëh (nominative singular)
-ëhët (nominative plural)
-ëhën (accusative singular)
-ëhët (accusative plural)
-ëhën (genitive singular)
-ëhtën (genitive plural)
-ëhidën (genitive plural)
-ëhta (partitive singular)
-ëhita (partitive plural)
-ëhëssa (inessive singular)
-ëhëhna (inessive singular)
-ëhissa (inessive plural)
-ëhihna (inessive plural)
-ëhësta (elative singular)
-ëhista (elative plural)
-ëhësën (illative singular)
-ëhisën (illative plural)
-ëhëlla (adessive singular)
-ëhilla (adessive plural)
-ëhëlta (ablative singular)
-ëhilta (ablative plural)
-ëhëlën (allative singular)
-ëhëlëk (allative singular)
-ëhilën (allative plural)
-ëhilëk (allative plural)
-ëhëna (essive singular)
-ëhina (essive plural)
-ëhëksi (singular translative)
-ëhiksi (plural translative)
-ëhën (instructive singular)
-ëhin (instructive plural)
-ëhënëk (comitative singular)
-ëhinëk (comitative plural)
-ëhëtta (abessive singular)
-ëhitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: -e, -es

Finnish: -e

Ingrian: -e

Karelian: -eh

Ludian: -eh

Livvi: -eh

Veps: -eh

Võro: -e/-õ, -eh/-õh

Votic: -e/-õ

From Proto-Uralic *-eš. Cognate with Proto-Samic *-ës.


-lliin

-lliin (nominative singular)
-lliset (nominative plural)
-llisen (genitive singular)
-llisiin (genitive plural)
-llistä (partitive singular)
-llist (partitive singular)
-llisiä (partitive plural)
-llisee (illative singular)
-llisii (illative plural)
-llises (inessive singular)
-llisis (inessive plural)
-llisest (elative singular)
-llisist (elative plural)
-lliselle (allative singular)
-llisille (allative plural)
-llisel (adessive singular)
-llisil (adessive plural)
-lliselt (ablative singular)
-llisilt (ablative plural)
-lliseks (singular translative)
-llisiks (plural translative)
-llisennä (essive singular)
-lliseen (essive singular)
-llisinnä (essive plural)
-llisiin (essive plural)
-llisent (exessive singular)
-llisint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *-llinen. Cognates include Finnish -llinen and Estonian -line.

tapa (“custom”) + -lliin → tavalliin (“ordinary”)

rauha (“peace”) + -lliin → rauhalliin (“peaceful”)

Forms adjectives indicating likeness to or having the characteristics of the suffixed noun: -like


-zë

Coordinate term: -th m

Forms diminutive feminine nouns of endearment.


-φαγία

grc-noun

-φᾰγίᾱ • (-phăgíā) f (genitive -φᾰγίᾱς); first declension

-φᾰγίᾱ (canonical)
-phăgíā (romanization)
-φᾰγίᾱς (genitive)

→ Catalan: -fàgia

→ English: -phagia, -phagy

→ Finnish: -fagia

→ French: -phagie

→ Greek: -φαγία (-fagía) (learned)

→ Italian: -fagia

→ Polish: -fagia

→ Portuguese: -fagia

→ Spanish: -fagia


-fish

"As long as men height-fish, income-fish, marital status-fish, I will keep hood fishing!!!!" said another.

2024 August 10, Deirdre Bardolf, anonymous quotee, “What is ’hoodfishing’? The sneaky new trend singles are trying to cast a wider net in NYC”, in New York Post, New York, N.Y.: News Corp, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-09-17:

According to Jared Freid, a 39-year-old comedian and co-host of the dating podcast "U Up?," this is known as hoodfishing, a coinage — though not his own — referring to people claiming to be from the city they are dating in but really are living somewhere else entirely.

2024 August 29, Gina Cherelus, “The Irresistible Urge to Change Your Location on a Dating App”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-09-18:

(neologism) Forming terms denoting disingenuous ways by which people seek to attract attention, especially on a dating app.


-δαπός

-δᾰπός (canonical)
-dăpós (romanization)
-δᾰπή (feminine)
-δᾰπόν (neuter)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷos, seen in Latin prop-inquus and Proto-Germanic *-ingaz. The d may come from a reanalysis of ποδαπός (podapós, “from what country?”), which would be from Proto-Indo-European *kʷod-n̥kʷós.


მო- -ო

Attaches to adjectives in order to lessen their force; comparable to the English -ish


-anon

hari (“king”) + -anon → harianon (“royal”)

tawo (“person”) + -anon → tawhanon (“human”)

having the characteristic of the noun root

Bohol + -anon → Bol-anon (“of Bohol; inhabitant of Bohol”)

bukid (“mountain”) + -anon → bukidnon (“from the mountains; mountain dweller”)

(with place nouns) from or of that place

forms adjectives from noun roots
from or of that place


шудан

šudan (romanization)
spelling شدن (Persian)
шудан (infinitive)
шав (present)
шуд (past stem)
шаванда (participle present)
шуда (participle past)
хоҳам шуд (first-person future indicative singular)
хоҳем шуд (first-person indicative plural)
шудам (first-person indicative singular)
шудем (first-person indicative plural)
хоҳӣ шуд (future indicative second-person singular)
хоҳед шуд (indicative plural second-person)
хоҳед шуд (indicative polite second-person singular)
шудӣ (indicative second-person singular)
шудед (indicative plural second-person)
шудед (indicative polite second-person singular)
хоҳад шуд (future indicative singular third-person)
хоҳанд шуд (indicative plural third-person)
шуд (indicative singular third-person)
шуданд (indicative plural third-person)
мешавам (first-person indicative present singular)
мешавем (first-person indicative plural)
мешудам (first-person indicative singular)
мешудем (first-person indicative plural)
мешавӣ (indicative present second-person singular)
мешавед (indicative plural second-person)
мешавед (indicative polite second-person singular)
мешудӣ (indicative second-person singular)
мешудед (indicative plural second-person)
мешудед (indicative polite second-person singular)
мешавад (indicative present singular third-person)
мешаванд (indicative plural third-person)
мешуд (indicative singular third-person)
мешуданд (indicative plural third-person)
шуда истодаам (first-person indicative present progressive singular)
шуда истодаем (first-person indicative plural)
шуда истода будам (first-person indicative singular)
шуда истода будем (first-person indicative plural)
шуда истодаӣ (indicative present progressive second-person singular)
шуда истодаед (indicative plural second-person)
шуда истодаед (indicative polite second-person singular)
шуда истода будӣ (indicative second-person singular)
шуда истода будед (indicative plural second-person)
шуда истода будед (indicative polite second-person singular)
шуда истодааст (indicative present progressive singular third-person)
шуда истодаанд (indicative plural third-person)
шуда истода буд (indicative singular third-person)
шуда истода буданд (indicative plural third-person)
шудаам (first-person indicative perfect present singular)
шудаем (first-person indicative plural)
шуда будам (first-person indicative singular)
шуда будем (first-person indicative plural)
шудаӣ (indicative perfect present second-person singular)
шудаед (indicative plural second-person)
шудаед (indicative polite second-person singular)
шуда будӣ (indicative second-person singular)
шуда будед (indicative plural second-person)
шуда будед (indicative polite second-person singular)
шудааст (indicative perfect present singular third-person)
шудаанд (indicative plural third-person)
шуда буд (indicative singular third-person)
шуда буданд (indicative plural third-person)
шавам (first-person present singular subjunctive)
шавем (first-person plural subjunctive)
шуда бошам (first-person singular subjunctive)
шуда бошем (first-person plural subjunctive)
шавӣ (present second-person singular subjunctive)
шавед (plural second-person subjunctive)
шавед (polite second-person singular subjunctive)
шуда бошӣ (second-person singular subjunctive)
шуда бошед (plural second-person subjunctive)
шуда бошед (polite second-person singular subjunctive)
шавад (present singular subjunctive third-person)
шаванд (plural subjunctive third-person)
шуда бошад (singular subjunctive third-person)
шуда бошанд (plural subjunctive third-person)
шав (imperative second-person singular)

tg-conj-head

шуда истодаам

шуда истодаем

шуда истодаӣ

шуда истодаед

шуда истодааст

шуда истодаанд

шуда истода будам

шуда истода будем

шуда истода будӣ

шуда истода будед

шуда истода буд

шуда истода буданд

Inherited from Classical Persian شُدَن (šudan).


-আনী

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit -আনী (-ānī).

lbor

বন (bon, “forest”) + -আনী (-ani) → বনানী (bonani)

চাকর (cakor, “servant”) + -আনী (-ani) → চাকরানী (cakrani, “maid”)


-loquus

-loqua (feminine)
-loquum (neuter)
-loquentior (comparative)
-loquentissimus (superlative)
-loquus (masculine nominative singular)
-loqua (feminine nominative singular)
-loquum (neuter nominative singular)
-loquī (masculine nominative singular)
-loquae (feminine nominative plural)
-loqua (neuter nominative plural)
-loquī (genitive masculine singular)
-loquae (feminine genitive singular)
-loquī (genitive neuter singular)
-loquōrum (genitive masculine singular)
-loquārum (feminine genitive plural)
-loquōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-loquō (dative masculine singular)
-loquae (dative feminine singular)
-loquō (dative neuter singular)
-loquīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
-loquum (accusative masculine singular)
-loquam (accusative feminine singular)
-loquum (accusative neuter singular)
-loquōs (accusative masculine singular)
-loquās (accusative feminine plural)
-loqua (accusative neuter plural)
-loquō (ablative masculine singular)
-loquā (ablative feminine singular)
-loquō (ablative neuter singular)
-loquīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
-loque (masculine singular vocative)
-loqua (feminine singular vocative)
-loquum (neuter singular vocative)
-loquī (masculine singular vocative)
-loquae (feminine plural vocative)
-loqua (neuter plural vocative)

loquor (“I speak”) + -us (adjective-forming suffix).

suffix

vānus (“vain, idle”) > vāniloquus (“talking idly, lying, boastful”)

malus (“evil, bad”) > maliloquus (“evil-speaking, slanderous”)

venter (“belly”) > ventriloquus (“speaking with the belly, a ventriloquist”)

Forms adjectives that specify the manner of one's speech


-volus

-vola (feminine)
-volum (neuter)
-volus (masculine nominative singular)
-vola (feminine nominative singular)
-volum (neuter nominative singular)
-volī (masculine nominative singular)
-volae (feminine nominative plural)
-vola (neuter nominative plural)
-volī (genitive masculine singular)
-volae (feminine genitive singular)
-volī (genitive neuter singular)
-volōrum (genitive masculine singular)
-volārum (feminine genitive plural)
-volōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-volō (dative masculine singular)
-volae (dative feminine singular)
-volō (dative neuter singular)
-volīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
-volum (accusative masculine singular)
-volam (accusative feminine singular)
-volum (accusative neuter singular)
-volōs (accusative masculine singular)
-volās (accusative feminine plural)
-vola (accusative neuter plural)
-volō (ablative masculine singular)
-volā (ablative feminine singular)
-volō (ablative neuter singular)
-volīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
-vole (masculine singular vocative)
-vola (feminine singular vocative)
-volum (neuter singular vocative)
-volī (masculine singular vocative)
-volae (feminine plural vocative)
-vola (neuter plural vocative)

From volō (“I fly”) + -us (adjective-forming suffix).

vēlum (“sail”) > vēlivolus (“flying by sail, quick-sailing”)

altus (“high”) > altivolus (“flying high, soaring”)

Forms adjectives denoting the manner of flying


-tecă

From French -thèque, from Ancient Greek -θήκη (-thḗkē, “case, scabbard”).


-ък

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ via Old Church Slavonic -ъкъ (-ŭkŭ).

гладък (gladǎk), дързък (dǎrzǎk), крепък (krepǎk), крехък (krehǎk)

Non-productive adjective suffix which corresponded to doublet forms in Proto-Slavic, e.g.:


-alni

Komi:

Komi-Permyak: -авны (-avny)

Komi-Yazva: -алнө (-alnå)

Komi-Zyrian: -авны (-avny)

desc

Udmurt: -ылыны (-ylyny), -алляны (-alľany)

From Proto-Uralic *-le-. Cognate with Proto-Finnic *-ldak and Proto-Samic *-ëlëtēk.

Used to form verbs denoting a dispersed action: ... around


-λόγος

grc-noun

-λόγος • (-lógos) m (genitive -λογου); second declension

Greek: -λόγος (-lógos)

→ Latin: -logus

→ Czech: -log

→ Dutch: -loog
→ Indonesian: -log

→ English: -log, -logue

French: -logue

Italian: -logo

→ Norwegian Bokmål: -log

→ Polish: -log

Portuguese: -logo

Spanish: -logo

→ Swedish: -log

→ Russian: -лог (-log)

→ Ukrainian: -лог (-loh)

denoting a student of or specialist in a field; -logist


־ערײַ

From Middle High German -erīe, from Old French -erie. Compare German -erei.

ניסן (nisn, “to sneeze”) + ־ערײַ (-eray) → ניסערײַ (niseray, “a sneezing fit”)


צע־

From Middle High German ze-, zer-. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *twiz-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. Compare German zer-.


-ვე

იგი (igi) + -ვე (-ve) → იგივე (igive)

conveys emphasis, the basic sense being something like 'that very [same]'


-pūn

Perhaps akin to Proto-Mongolic *-xun (“noun-forming suffix”).

cog

pupu- (“to saw”) + *-pūn → *pubupūn (“saw”) (> *pūpūn later)

sekte- (“to make a bed; litter”) + *-pūn → *sektepǖn (“bed; litter, mat”)

sila- (“to roast on a spit”) + *-pūn → *silepǖn (“roast skewer”)

öŋti- + *-pūn → *öŋtipǖn

gisi- (“to drum, beat a drum”) + *-pūn → *gisipǖn (“shaman mallets, drumstick”)


־אַרניע

הינט (hint, “dogs”) + ־אַרניע (-arnye) → הינטאַרניע (hintarnye, “dog kennel”)

forms names of designated rooms or shops


-хай

mn-suffix

-хай • (-xaj) (Mongolian spelling ᠬᠠᠶ (qay))

(forming adjectives and nouns out of verbs)

(forming adjectives and nouns out of adjectives, denoting proneness to the state)

forming adjectives and nouns out of adjectives; denoting proneness to the state; forming adjectives and nouns out of adjectives; denoting proneness to the state


-бэ

-be (romanization)
-бэ (nominative singular unpossessed-form)
-бэпул (nominative plural unpossessed-form)
-бэги (nominative possessed-form singular unpossessed-form)
-бэпки (nominative plural possessed-form unpossessed-form)
-бэлэк (long-form predicative singular unpossessed-form)
-бэплэк (long-form plural predicative unpossessed-form)
-бэк (predicative short-form singular unpossessed-form)
-бэпулэк (plural predicative short-form unpossessed-form)
-бэгэлэ (accusative singular unpossessed-form)
-бэпулгэлэ (accusative plural unpossessed-form)
-бэдэйлэ (accusative possessed-form singular unpossessed-form)
-бэптэйлэ (accusative plural possessed-form unpossessed-form)
-бэлэ (instrumental singular unpossessed-form)
-бэплэ (instrumental plural unpossessed-form)
-бэдэлэ (instrumental possessed-form singular unpossessed-form)
-бэптэлэ (instrumental plural possessed-form unpossessed-form)
-бэҥин (dative singular unpossessed-form)
-бэпулҥин (dative plural unpossessed-form)
-бэдин (dative possessed-form singular unpossessed-form)
-бэптин (dative plural possessed-form unpossessed-form)
-бэгэ (locative singular unpossessed-form)
-бэпулгэ (locative plural unpossessed-form)
-бэдэгэ (locative possessed-form singular unpossessed-form)
-бэптэгэ (locative plural possessed-form unpossessed-form)
-бэгэт (ablative singular unpossessed-form)
-бэпулгэт (ablative plural unpossessed-form)
-бэдэгэт (ablative possessed-form singular unpossessed-form)
-бэптэгэт (ablative plural possessed-form unpossessed-form)
-бэгэн (prolative singular unpossessed-form)
-бэпулгэн (plural prolative unpossessed-form)
-бэдэгэн (possessed-form prolative singular unpossessed-form)
-бэптэгэн (plural possessed-form prolative unpossessed-form)
-бэньэ (comitative singular unpossessed-form)
-бэпулньэ (comitative plural unpossessed-form)
-бэдэньэ (comitative possessed-form singular unpossessed-form)
-бэптэньэ (comitative plural possessed-form unpossessed-form)

ажуу (ažū, “word; language”) + -бэ (-be) → ажуубэ (ažūbe, “conversation”)

мой- (moj-, “hold”) + -бэ (-be) → мойбэ (mojbe, “handle; notch”, literally “place where people hold”)

ходоо- (qodō-, “lie”) + -бэ (-be) → ходообэ (qodōbe, “bed”, literally “place where people lie”)

Used to form locative nouns: place where people do...


-диэ

-die (romanization)
-диэ (nominative singular unpossessed-form)
-диэпэ (nominative plural unpossessed-form)
-диэги (nominative possessed-form singular unpossessed-form)
-диэпэги (nominative plural possessed-form unpossessed-form)
-диэлэк (long-form predicative singular unpossessed-form)
-диэпэлэк (long-form plural predicative unpossessed-form)
-диэк (predicative short-form singular unpossessed-form)
-диэпэк (plural predicative short-form unpossessed-form)
-диэгэлэ (accusative singular unpossessed-form)
-диэпэгэлэ (accusative plural unpossessed-form)
-диэдэйлэ (accusative possessed-form singular unpossessed-form)
-диэпэдэйлэ (accusative plural possessed-form unpossessed-form)
-диэлэ (instrumental singular unpossessed-form)
-диэпэлэ (instrumental plural unpossessed-form)
-диэдэлэ (instrumental possessed-form singular unpossessed-form)
-диэпэдэлэ (instrumental plural possessed-form unpossessed-form)
-диэҥин (dative singular unpossessed-form)
-диэпэҥин (dative plural unpossessed-form)
-диэдин (dative possessed-form singular unpossessed-form)
-диэпэдин (dative plural possessed-form unpossessed-form)
-диэгэ (locative singular unpossessed-form)
-диэпэгэ (locative plural unpossessed-form)
-диэдэгэ (locative possessed-form singular unpossessed-form)
-диэпэдэгэ (locative plural possessed-form unpossessed-form)
-диэгэт (ablative singular unpossessed-form)
-диэпэгэт (ablative plural unpossessed-form)
-диэдэгэт (ablative possessed-form singular unpossessed-form)
-диэпэдэгэт (ablative plural possessed-form unpossessed-form)
-диэгэн (prolative singular unpossessed-form)
-диэпэгэн (plural prolative unpossessed-form)
-диэдэгэн (possessed-form prolative singular unpossessed-form)
-диэпэдэгэн (plural possessed-form prolative unpossessed-form)
-диэньэ (comitative singular unpossessed-form)
-диэпэньэ (comitative plural unpossessed-form)
-диэдэньэ (comitative possessed-form singular unpossessed-form)
-диэпэдэньэ (comitative plural possessed-form unpossessed-form)


-ди

-di (romanization)
эл -ндьэ (first-person negative singular)
эл -ндьэк (negative second-person singular)
эл -ди (negative singular third-person)
эл -ндьэли (first-person negative plural)
эл -ндьэмэт (negative plural second-person)
эл -нҥи (negative plural third-person)
-ндьэ (first-person indefinite participle singular v-focus)
-ндьэк (indefinite participle second-person singular v-focus)
-ди (indefinite participle singular third-person v-focus)
-ндьэли (first-person indefinite participle plural v-focus)
-ндьэмэт (indefinite participle plural second-person v-focus)
-нҥи (indefinite participle plural third-person v-focus)
-дул (first-person indefinite n-focus participle singular)
-дул (indefinite n-focus participle second-person singular)
-дул (indefinite n-focus participle singular third-person)
-дул (first-person indefinite n-focus participle plural)
-дул (indefinite n-focus participle plural second-person)
-нҥил (indefinite n-focus participle plural third-person)
эл -ттэйэ (first-person future negative singular)
эл -ттэйэк (future negative second-person singular)
эл -ттэй (future negative singular third-person)
эл -ттиили (first-person future negative plural)
эл -ттиимэт (future negative plural second-person)
эл -нҥитэй (future negative plural third-person)
-ттэйэ (first-person future indefinite participle singular v-focus)
-ттэйэк (future indefinite participle second-person singular v-focus)
-ттэй (future indefinite participle singular third-person v-focus)
-ттиили (first-person future indefinite participle plural v-focus)
-ттиимэт (future indefinite participle plural second-person v-focus)
-нҥитэй (future indefinite participle plural third-person v-focus)
-ттэл (first-person future indefinite n-focus participle singular)
-ттэл (future indefinite n-focus participle second-person singular)
-ттэл (future indefinite n-focus participle singular third-person)
-ттэл (first-person future indefinite n-focus participle plural)
-ттэл (future indefinite n-focus participle plural second-person)
-нҥитэл (future indefinite n-focus participle plural third-person)
-т (imperative second-person singular)
-нгэн (imperative singular third-person)
-нгэ (first-person imperative plural)
-нҥик (imperative plural second-person)
-нҥигэн (imperative plural third-person)
-нгэк (imperative second-person singular)
-нҥигэк (imperative plural second-person)
эл -ллэк (second-person singular)
эл -нгэн (singular third-person)
эл -нгэ (first-person plural)
эл -нҥилэк (plural second-person)
эл -нҥигэн (plural third-person)
-дум (first-person interrogative singular)
-дук (interrogative second-person singular)
-т (interrogative singular third-person)
-доок (first-person interrogative plural)
-нмэт (interrogative plural second-person)
-нҥи (interrogative plural third-person)
-ди (attributive)
-ндьэ (attributive future)
от (first-person irrealis singular)
мэт -ндьэ (first-person irrealis singular)
от (irrealis second-person singular)
мэт -ндьэк (irrealis second-person singular)
от (irrealis singular third-person)
мэт -ди (irrealis singular third-person)
от (first-person irrealis plural)
мэт -ндьэли (first-person irrealis plural)
от (irrealis plural second-person)
мэт -ндьэмэт (irrealis plural second-person)
от (irrealis plural third-person)
мэт -нҥи (irrealis plural third-person)
-лльэлдьэ (first-person singular)
-лльэлдьэк (second-person singular)
-лльэл (singular third-person)
-лльэлдьэли (first-person plural)
-лльэлдьэмэт (plural second-person)
-лльэлҥи (plural third-person)
-нможи (first-person prospective singular)
-нможимэк (prospective second-person singular)
-нможим (prospective singular third-person)
-нможий (first-person plural prospective)
-нможимэт (plural prospective second-person)
-нможиҥаа (plural prospective third-person)
-лльэлтэйэ (first-person hypothetical singular)
-лльэлтэйэк (hypothetical second-person singular)
-лльэлтэй (hypothetical singular third-person)
-лльэлтиили (first-person hypothetical plural)
-лльэлтиимэт (hypothetical plural second-person)
-лльэлҥитэй (hypothetical plural third-person)
-дул (future hypothetical)
-доол (second-person singular)
-ндьоон (first-person plural subjective)
-ндин (plural supine third-person)
-дулбэн (future hypothetical)
-дибэн (singular)
-ттиибэн (singular subjective)
-дул можуу (plural prospective supine)
-доол можуу (plural prospective third-person)
-дулгэ (singular)
-дулгэнэ (singular)
-дут (imperfective plural prospective)
-ндэллэ (perfective plural third-person)
-ндэгэ (singular)
-ндэйнэ (singular)
-ндэ (plural prospective)
-нҥидэ (conditional plural third-person)
-нҥидэгэ (singular)
-нҥидэйнэ (singular)
эл -т чуөн (negative plural prospective)
-ннит (plural third-person)

yux-conj-table

от/мэт -ндьэ

от/мэт -ндьэк

от/мэт -ндьэли

от/мэт -ндьэмэт

-лльэлдьэмэт

-лльэлтиимэт

тэрикэ (terike, “wife”) + -ди (-di) → тэрикэди (terikedi, “marry”, literally “begin to have a wife”)

Used to form intransitive proprietive verbs from nouns: begin to have...


-вам

запозна́я (zapoznája) + -вам (-vam) → запозна́вам (zapoznávam, “to acquaint”)

опи́там (opítam) + -вам (-vam) → опи́твам (opítvam, “to attempt”)

Forms an imperfective partner verb, with the same meaning, from a perfective verb.


-цах

mn-suffix

-цах • (-cax) (Mongolian spelling ᠴᠠᠬᠤ (čaqu))


-իլիոն

head

-իլիոն • (-ilion) (traditional orthography spelling -իլիոն or -իլիօն)

-ilion (romanization)
orthography spelling -իլիոն (traditional)
-իլիօն (traditional)
-իլիոն (nominative singular)
-իլիոններ (nominative plural)
-իլիոնի (dative singular)
-իլիոնների (dative plural)
-իլիոնից (ablative singular)
-իլիոններից (ablative plural)
-իլիոնով (instrumental singular)
-իլիոններով (instrumental plural)
-իլիոնում (locative singular)
-իլիոններում (locative plural)
-իլիոնը (definite nominative singular)
-իլիոնն (definite nominative singular)
-իլիոնները (definite nominative plural)
-իլիոններն (definite nominative plural)
-իլիոնին (dative definite singular)
-իլիոններին (dative definite plural)
-իլիոնս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
-իլիոններս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
-իլիոնիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
-իլիոններիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
-իլիոնիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
-իլիոններիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
-իլիոնովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
-իլիոններովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
-իլիոնումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
-իլիոններումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
-իլիոնդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
-իլիոններդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
-իլիոնիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
-իլիոններիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
-իլիոնիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
-իլիոններիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
-իլիոնովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
-իլիոններովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
-իլիոնումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
-իլիոններումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)
-իլիոն (nominative singular)
-իլիոններ (nominative plural)
-իլիոնի (dative singular)
-իլիոններու (dative plural)
-իլիոնէ (ablative singular)
-իլիոններէ (ablative plural)
-իլիոնով (instrumental singular)
-իլիոններով (instrumental plural)
-իլիոնը (definite nominative singular)
-իլիոնն (definite nominative singular)
-իլիոնները (definite nominative plural)
-իլիոններն (definite nominative plural)
-իլիոնին (dative definite singular)
-իլիոններուն (dative definite plural)
-իլիոնէն (ablative definite singular)
-իլիոններէն (ablative definite plural)
-իլիոնովը (definite instrumental singular)
-իլիոնովն (definite instrumental singular)
-իլիոններովը (definite instrumental plural)
-իլիոններովն (definite instrumental plural)
-իլիոնս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
-իլիոններս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
-իլիոնիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
-իլիոններուս (dative first-person plural possessive)
-իլիոնէս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
-իլիոններէս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
-իլիոնովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
-իլիոններովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
-իլիոնդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
-իլիոններդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
-իլիոնիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
-իլիոններուդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
-իլիոնէդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
-իլիոններէդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
-իլիոնովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
-իլիոններովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

-իլիոնը/-իլիոնն

-իլիոնները/-իլիոններն

-իլիոններում

-իլիոններիցս

-իլիոններովս

-իլիոններումս

-իլիոններիցդ

-իլիոններովդ

-իլիոններումդ

hyw-decl-noun

-իլիոնը/-իլիոնն

-իլիոնները/-իլիոններն

-իլիոնովը/-իլիոնովն

-իլիոններուն

-իլիոններովը/-իլիոններովն

-իլիոններուս

-իլիոններովս

-իլիոններուդ

-իլիոններովդ

Back-formation from միլիոն (milion), as if it contains մի (mi, “one”).


-urrio

-urriō (canonical)
-urrīre (infinitive present)
-urrīvī (active perfect)
-urrītum (supine)

Possibly an alternative form of the 'desiderative' suffix -turiō, but this is disputed. The spellings with two Rs seem to be older than those with a single R, based on manuscript evidence; none of the forms is attested in inscriptions.


פֿונאַנדער־

head

פֿונאַנדער־ • (funander-)

A verbal complement, usually with a sense of separation.


־יקייט

yi-noun

־יקייט • (-ikeyt) f, plural ־יקייטן (-ikeytn)

-ikeyt (romanization)
-ikeytn (romanization)

Essentially ־יק (-ik) + ־קייט (-keyt); compare German -igkeit (especially the Austrian/Southern German pronunciation).

אַרבעטסלאָז (arbetsloz, “unemployed”) + ־יקייט (-ikeyt) → אַרבעטסלאָזיקייט (arbetslozikeyt, “unemployment, joblessness”)

forms (usually abstract) nouns from adjectives


צו־

From Old High German zuo, from Proto-Germanic *tō. Compare German zu-.


katra-

From katra, definite singular nominative of katër (“four”).


-zi

What are now vowel-final verb stems originally had an -l-, which resurfaces whenever a suffix is added. After addition of the suffix -i, this -l- was then spirantized to -z-.

-kimbia (“to run”) + -zi → mkimbizi (“refugee”)

-teua (“to choose”) + -zi → uteuzi (“nomination”)

suffix used after a vowel in nominal forms of verbs, in conjunction with a noun class prefix


wiþi-

desctree

Old English: wiþ-
Middle English: wid-, vid-, vith-, with-
English: with-
Scots: with-

Old Frisian: with-

Old Saxon: with-

From Proto-Germanic *wiþi-. Cognate with Old Norse við-.


-kir

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-kire (“suffix forming imitative verb”).

noncog

bar (“sound of shouting”) + *-kir → *barkïr- (“to shout”)

Forms imitative verbs from onomatopoeia.


-ოსი

Occupational suffix attached to nouns that come one way or another from Greek or are erroneously thought to


-ання

-ання (canonical)
-а́ння (canonical)
-annja (romanization)
-ánnja (romanization)

Rebracketing of -ння (-nnja), from Proto-Slavic *-nьje. Compare Russian -ание (-anije), Belarusian -анне (-annje), Polish -anie.

гарантува́ти impf or pf (harantuváty, “to guarantee”) + -а́ння (-ánnja) → гарантува́ння (harantuvánnja, “guaranteeing”)

покара́ти pf (pokaráty, “to punish”) + -а́ння (-ánnja) → покара́ння (pokaránnja, “punishment”)

підтри́мати pf (pidtrýmaty, “to support”) + -ання (-annja) → підтри́мання (pidtrýmannja, “support(ing)”)

Suffix used to form verbal nouns from verbs; added especially to verbs ending in -ати (-aty): -ing, -tion, -ence, -ance, -ment, etc.


-ення

Rebracketing of -ння (-nnja), from Proto-Slavic *-nьje. Compare Russian -ение (-enije), Belarusian -энне (-ennje), Polish -enie.

ми́слити impf (mýslyty, “to think”) + -ення (-ennja) → ми́слення (mýslennja, “thinking”)

ріши́ти pf (rišýty, “to decide, to solve”) + -ення (-ennja) → рі́шення (ríšennja, “decision, solution”)

ви́ключити pf (výključyty, “to exclude, to except”) + -ення (-ennja) → ви́ключення (výključennja, “exclusion, exception”)

Suffix used to form verbal nouns from verbs; added especially to verbs ending in -ити (-yty): -ing, -tion, -ence, -ance, -ment, etc.