-eta

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-eta (front vowel harmony variant -etä, stem -ne- or -ene-, linguistic notation -ne- or -ene- or -etA)

-etä (front-vowel)
-ne- (stem)
-ene- (stem)
-enen (first-person indicative positive present singular)
en -ene (first-person indicative negative present singular)
olen -ennut (first-person indicative perfect positive singular)
en ole -ennut (first-person indicative negative perfect singular)
-enet (indicative positive present second-person singular)
et -ene (indicative negative present second-person singular)
olet -ennut (indicative perfect positive second-person singular)
et ole -ennut (indicative negative perfect second-person singular)
-enee (indicative positive present singular third-person)
ei -ene (indicative negative present singular third-person)
on -ennut (indicative perfect positive singular third-person)
ei ole -ennut (indicative negative perfect singular third-person)
-enemme (first-person indicative plural positive present)
emme -ene (first-person indicative negative plural present)
olemme -enneet (first-person indicative perfect plural positive)
emme ole -enneet (first-person indicative negative perfect plural)
-enette (indicative plural positive present second-person)
ette -ene (indicative negative plural present second-person)
olette -enneet (indicative perfect plural positive second-person)
ette ole -enneet (indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
-enevat (indicative plural positive present third-person)
eivät -ene (indicative negative plural present third-person)
ovat -enneet (indicative perfect plural positive third-person)
eivät ole -enneet (indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
-etaan (indicative passive positive present)
ei -eta (indicative negative passive present)
on -ettu (indicative passive perfect positive)
ei ole -ettu (indicative negative passive perfect)
-enin (first-person indicative past positive singular)
en -ennut (first-person indicative negative past singular)
olin -ennut (first-person indicative pluperfect positive singular)
en ollut -ennut (first-person indicative negative pluperfect singular)
-enit (indicative past positive second-person singular)
et -ennut (indicative negative past second-person singular)
olit -ennut (indicative pluperfect positive second-person singular)
et ollut -ennut (indicative negative pluperfect second-person singular)
-eni (indicative past positive singular third-person)
ei -ennut (indicative negative past singular third-person)
oli -ennut (indicative pluperfect positive singular third-person)
ei ollut -ennut (indicative negative pluperfect singular third-person)
-enimme (first-person indicative past plural positive)
emme -enneet (first-person indicative negative past plural)
olimme -enneet (first-person indicative pluperfect plural positive)
emme olleet -enneet (first-person indicative negative pluperfect plural)
-enitte (indicative past plural positive second-person)
ette -enneet (indicative negative past plural second-person)
olitte -enneet (indicative pluperfect plural positive second-person)
ette olleet -enneet (indicative negative pluperfect plural second-person)
-enivat (indicative past plural positive third-person)
eivät -enneet (indicative negative past plural third-person)
olivat -enneet (indicative pluperfect plural positive third-person)
eivät olleet -enneet (indicative negative pluperfect plural third-person)
-ettiin (indicative passive past positive)
ei -ettu (indicative negative passive past)
oli -ettu (indicative passive pluperfect positive)
ei ollut -ettu (indicative negative passive pluperfect)
-enisin (conditional first-person positive present singular)
en -enisi (conditional first-person negative present singular)
olisin -ennut (conditional first-person perfect positive singular)
en olisi -ennut (conditional first-person negative perfect singular)
-enisit (conditional positive present second-person singular)
et -enisi (conditional negative present second-person singular)
olisit -ennut (conditional perfect positive second-person singular)
et olisi -ennut (conditional negative perfect second-person singular)
-enisi (conditional positive present singular third-person)
ei -enisi (conditional negative present singular third-person)
olisi -ennut (conditional perfect positive singular third-person)
ei olisi -ennut (conditional negative perfect singular third-person)
-enisimme (conditional first-person plural positive present)
emme -enisi (conditional first-person negative plural present)
olisimme -enneet (conditional first-person perfect plural positive)
emme olisi -enneet (conditional first-person negative perfect plural)
-enisitte (conditional plural positive present second-person)
ette -enisi (conditional negative plural present second-person)
olisitte -enneet (conditional perfect plural positive second-person)
ette olisi -enneet (conditional negative perfect plural second-person)
-enisivat (conditional plural positive present third-person)
eivät -enisi (conditional negative plural present third-person)
olisivat -enneet (conditional perfect plural positive third-person)
eivät olisi -enneet (conditional negative perfect plural third-person)
-ettaisiin (conditional passive positive present)
ei -ettaisi (conditional negative passive present)
olisi -ettu (conditional passive perfect positive)
ei olisi -ettu (conditional negative passive perfect)
-ene (imperative positive present second-person singular)
älä -ene (imperative negative present second-person singular)
-etkoon (imperative positive present singular third-person)
älköön -etko (imperative negative present singular third-person)
olkoon -ennut (imperative perfect positive singular third-person)
älköön olko -ennut (imperative negative perfect singular third-person)
-etkaamme (first-person imperative plural positive present)
älkäämme -etko (first-person imperative negative plural present)
-etkaa (imperative plural positive present second-person)
älkää -etko (imperative negative plural present second-person)
-etkoot (imperative plural positive present third-person)
älkööt -etko (imperative negative plural present third-person)
olkoot -enneet (imperative perfect plural positive third-person)
älkööt olko -enneet (imperative negative perfect plural third-person)
-ettakoon (imperative passive positive present)
älköön -ettako (imperative negative passive present)
olkoon -ettu (imperative passive perfect positive)
älköön olko -ettu (imperative negative passive perfect)
-ennen (first-person positive potential present singular)
en -enne (first-person negative potential present singular)
lienen -ennut (first-person perfect positive potential singular)
en liene -ennut (first-person negative perfect potential singular)
-ennet (positive potential present second-person singular)
et -enne (negative potential present second-person singular)
lienet -ennut (perfect positive potential second-person singular)
et liene -ennut (negative perfect potential second-person singular)
-ennee (positive potential present singular third-person)
ei -enne (negative potential present singular third-person)
lienee -ennut (perfect positive potential singular third-person)
ei liene -ennut (negative perfect potential singular third-person)
-ennemme (first-person plural positive potential present)
emme -enne (first-person negative plural potential present)
lienemme -enneet (first-person perfect plural positive potential)
emme liene -enneet (first-person negative perfect plural potential)
-ennette (plural positive potential present second-person)
ette -enne (negative plural potential present second-person)
lienette -enneet (perfect plural positive potential second-person)
ette liene -enneet (negative perfect plural potential second-person)
-ennevat (plural positive potential present third-person)
eivät -enne (negative plural potential present third-person)
lienevät -enneet (perfect plural positive potential third-person)
eivät liene -enneet (negative perfect plural potential third-person)
-ettaneen (passive positive potential present)
ei -ettane (negative passive potential present)
lienee -ettu (passive perfect positive potential)
ei liene -ettu (negative passive perfect potential)
-eta (infinitive infinitive-i)
-eneva (active participle present)
-ettava (participle passive present)
-etakseni (first-person possessive singular)
-etaksemme (first-person plural possessive)
-etaksesi (possessive second-person singular)
-etaksenne (plural possessive second-person)
-etakseen (possessive third-person)
-etaksensa (possessive third-person)
-ennut (infinitive-i-long past)
-ettu (infinitive-i-long past)
-etessa (inessive second-person)
-ettaessa (inessive second-person)
-enema (agent)
-etessani (first-person possessive singular)
-etessamme (first-person plural possessive)
-etessasi (possessive second-person singular)
-etessanne (plural possessive second-person)
-etessaan (possessive third-person)
-etessansa (possessive third-person)
-enematon (inessive negative second-person)
-eten (instructive second-person)
-enemassa (inessive third-person)
-enemasta (elative third-person)
-enemaan (illative third-person)
-enemalla (adessive third-person)
-enematta (abessive third-person)
-eneman (instructive third-person)
-ettaman (instructive third-person)
-eneminen (fourth-person noun-from-verb)
-enemaisillani (first-person possessive singular)
-enemaisillamme (first-person plural possessive)
-enemaisillasi (possessive second-person singular)
-enemaisillanne (plural possessive second-person)
-enemaisillaan (possessive third-person)
-enemaisillansa (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ak (stem *-në-), from Proto-Uralic *-me-. Related to Estonian -nema, -neda and Veps -eta. The stem has been reworked considerably in some forms; see the Proto-Finnic entry for more details.

tumma (“dark”) + -eta → tummeta (“to darken”)

Forms translative verbs from adjectives, meaning "to become (adjective)" or "to become more (adjective)".


-eta

es-noun

-eta f (noun-forming suffix, plural -etas)

Borrowed from French -ette and Italian -etta. Doublet of -ita and -eta.

banca (“bench”) + -eta → banqueta (“footstool, small bench”)

casa (“house”) + -eta → caseta (“hut”)

Alternative form of -ete; forms diminutives from nouns and adjectives, or gives a particularizing sense


-bilidad

-bilidad f (noun-forming suffix, plural -bilidades)

culpable (“culpable or blameworthy”) + -bilidad → culpabilidad (“culpability”)

-bility; form of -dad used generally for adjectives ending in -ble, comparable generally to English suffix -ity


-edad

-edad f (noun-forming suffix, plural -edades)

Inherited from Latin -itātem. Doublet of -idad.

sucio (“dirty”) + -edad → suciedad (“dirtiness”)


-azgo

-azgo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -azgos)

From earlier -adgo, from Old Spanish -adgo, from Latin -āticus. Doublet of -aje.

almirante (“admiral”) + -azgo → almirantazgo (“admiralship”)

hallar (“to find”) + -azgo → hallazgo (“discovery”)

harto (“full”) + -azgo → hartazgo (“surfeit”)

novio (“boyfriend”) + -azgo → noviazgo (“dating relationship”)

forms the effect or condition of the base word


-scopia

From Ancient Greek σκοπιά (skopiá), from σκοπέω (skopéō, “I look, look at, examine”).


-scopia

-scopia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -scopias)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -σκοπία (-skopía), from σκοπέω (skopéō, “to look, look at, examine”).


-scopio

gl-noun

-scopio m (noun-forming suffix, plural -scopios)

From Latin -scopium, based on Ancient Greek σκοπέω (skopéō, “I look, look at, examine”).


-scopio

From Latin -scopium, based on Ancient Greek σκοπέω (skopéō, “to look, look at, examine”).


-istico

it-adj

-istico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -istica, masculine plural -istici, feminine plural -istiche)

-istica (feminine)
-istici (masculine plural)
-istiche (feminine plural)

From -ist(a) (“-ist”, nominal derivational suffix) + -ico (“-ic”, adjectival derivational suffix).


-iere

it-noun

-iere m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ieri, feminine -iera)

Borrowed from Old French -ier, from Latin -arius. Doublet of the inherited suffix -aio. Cognate with Sicilian -eri.

giardino (“garden”) + -iere → giardiniere (“gardener”)

gioiello (“jewel”) + -iere → gioielliere (“jeweller”)

used to form masculine nouns (often of French origin) that represent a person who makes or sells a specified article; -er, -or


-iera

Borrowed from French -ière, Italian -iera, Portuguese -eria/Spanish -era, all ultimately from Latin -ārius.

sucro (“sugar”) + -iera → sucriera (“sugar bowl”)

bira (“beer”) + -iera → biriera (“beer can”)

garretto (“hollow of the knee”) + -iera → garrettiera (“garter”)

forms nouns from nouns, denoting a container or cover; container

ris (“rice”) + -iera → risiera (“rice field”)

carbon (“coal”) + -iera → carboniera (“coal pit”)

baca (“berry”) + -iera → bachiera (“berry patch”)

forms nouns from nouns, denoting an area where something grows or is found; field, patch, mine, quarry


-iera

-iera f (noun-forming suffix, plural -iere, masculine -iero)

cartuccia (“cartridge”) + -iera → cartucciera (“cartridge box”)

dente (“tooth”) + -iera → dentiera (“dentures”)

scacchi (“chess”) + -iera → scacchiera (“chessboard”)

added to nouns to form other concrete nouns; -er; -or


쇠-

쇠 (soe-, “of a cow”) + 고기 (gogi, “meat”) → 쇠고기 (soegogi, “beef”, literally “meat of a cow”)


and-

From Old Norse and-, from Proto-Germanic *anda-, *andi-. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent- (“face, front”).


and-

From Proto-West Germanic *anda-, from Proto-Germanic *andi-, representive of a combining form of and (“and”).
Cognate with Middle Dutch ont- (Dutch ont-), Old High German ant- (German ant-, ent-), Old Norse and- (Icelandic and- (“against, anti-, opposed to, in the face of”), Swedish an-), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-).

cog

andswaru


-weg

From weg (“gone, away”). The first word of this type is verreweg, attested in late Middle Dutch verre wech (“by far”, literally “far away”). Other words were subsequently formed by analogy with verreweg, but lacked a clear semantic link to weg (“gone, away”), thus transforming -weg into a true (and still productive) derivational suffix.

der

-ly, -wise; forms adverbs from adjectives.


rhin-

(used before a vowel) Alternative form of rhino-.


elő-

elő- + fizet (“to pay”) → előfizet (“to subscribe”)

(verbal prefix) in front of, to the front, forward (in space) or before, in advance (in time)


kinesi-

From Ancient Greek κίνησις (kínēsis, “movement, motion”).


kripto-

From Ancient Greek κρυπτός (kruptós, “hidden, secret”).

(sciences) crypto- (hidden, invisible, secret)


so-

From Old Irish so-, su- (“good”), from Proto-Celtic *su-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-. Cognate with Welsh hy- (“very, easy to”), Ancient Greek εὖ (eû), Sanskrit सु- (su-). Doublet of eo-.


phyco-

From combining form of Ancient Greek φῦκος (phûkos, “seaweed”).


-yl

Via French méthylène from Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “wood, material”).

(organic chemistry) A univalent radical or functional group formed from a given molecule. Thus propyl from propane, benzyl from benzene, and so forth.


benz-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of benzo-.


-γραφία

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-γραφίᾱ • (-graphíā)

-γραφίᾱ (canonical)
-graphíā (romanization)

desc

Greek: -γραφία f (-grafía, “writing, literature”)

→ Catalan: -grafia

→ English: -graphy

→ Finnish: -grafia

→ French: -graphie

→ Hungarian: -gráfia

→⇒ Irish: -grafaíocht

→ Italian: -grafia

→ Latin: -graphia

→ Polish: -grafia

→ Portuguese: -grafia

→ Slovak: -grafia

→ Spanish: -grafía

Abstract noun used only in compounds, equivalent to γραφή (graphḗ), from γράφω (gráphō, “I carve, write”).


-itol

From reanalysis of the ending of mannitol, sorbitol and so on, from -ite (an old, non-specific use of this suffix) + -ol.

polyhydric alcohol
polyhydric alcohol#English

(organic chemistry) Forming the names of polyhydric alcohols (sugar alcohols).

-it

forming the names of polyhydric alcohols


agro-

Derived from Ancient Greek ἀγρός (agrós).

der+

agro- + biologia → agrobiologia


hozzá-

hozzá- + ír (“to write”) → hozzáír (“to add by writing”)


-dalom

-dalom (nominative singular)
-dalmak (nominative plural)
-dalmat (accusative singular)
-dalmakat (accusative plural)
-dalomnak (dative singular)
-dalmaknak (dative plural)
-dalommal (instrumental singular)
-dalmakkal (instrumental plural)
-dalomért (causal-final singular)
-dalmakért (causal-final plural)
-dalommá (singular translative)
-dalmakká (plural translative)
-dalomig (singular terminative)
-dalmakig (plural terminative)
-dalomként (essive-formal singular)
-dalmakként (essive-formal plural)
-dalomban (inessive singular)
-dalmakban (inessive plural)
-dalmon (singular superessive)
-dalmakon (plural superessive)
-dalomnál (adessive singular)
-dalmaknál (adessive plural)
-dalomba (illative singular)
-dalmakba (illative plural)
-dalomra (singular sublative)
-dalmakra (plural sublative)
-dalomhoz (allative singular)
-dalmakhoz (allative plural)
-dalomból (elative singular)
-dalmakból (elative plural)
-dalomról (delative singular)
-dalmakról (delative plural)
-dalomtól (ablative singular)
-dalmaktól (ablative plural)
-dalomé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-dalmaké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-daloméi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-dalmakéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-dalmam (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
-dalmaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
-dalmad (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
-dalmaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
-dalma (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
-dalmai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
-dalmunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
-dalmaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
-dalmatok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
-dalmaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
-dalmuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
-dalmaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Formed in the Old Hungarian era either from -d (frequentative suffix) + -alom (noun-forming suffix), or from -dal (frequentative suffix) + -om (noun-forming suffix).

af

fáj (“to hurt”) + -dalom → fájdalom (“pain”)

(noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb or a noun to form an abstract noun.


-szerű

-szerű (nominative singular)
-szerűek (nominative plural)
-szerűt (accusative singular)
-szerűeket (accusative plural)
-szerűnek (dative singular)
-szerűeknek (dative plural)
-szerűvel (instrumental singular)
-szerűekkel (instrumental plural)
-szerűért (causal-final singular)
-szerűekért (causal-final plural)
-szerűvé (singular translative)
-szerűekké (plural translative)
-szerűig (singular terminative)
-szerűekig (plural terminative)
-szerűként (essive-formal singular)
-szerűekként (essive-formal plural)
-szerűben (inessive singular)
-szerűekben (inessive plural)
-szerűn (singular superessive)
-szerűeken (plural superessive)
-szerűnél (adessive singular)
-szerűeknél (adessive plural)
-szerűbe (illative singular)
-szerűekbe (illative plural)
-szerűre (singular sublative)
-szerűekre (plural sublative)
-szerűhöz (allative singular)
-szerűekhez (allative plural)
-szerűből (elative singular)
-szerűekből (elative plural)
-szerűről (delative singular)
-szerűekről (delative plural)
-szerűtől (ablative singular)
-szerűektől (ablative plural)
-szerűé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-szerűeké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-szerűéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-szerűekéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)

From szer (“manner”) + -ű (adjective-forming suffix).

affix

sport (“sport”) + -szerű → sportszerű (“sportsmanlike”)

(adjective-forming suffix) -like, resembling, in the nature of (added to a word to form an adjective)


proteo-

Derived from New Latin Prōteus, from Ancient Greek Πρωτεύς (Prōteús, “Proteus, a sea god who could change his shape at will”)


ի

→ Armenian: ի (i) (learned)

PIE word
 *h₁én
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

ի քաղաքէ

ի տանէ

յինէն

ի ծնէ

յերկրէ ի յերկինս

մեկնեցաւ ի Փլորենտիոյ

որ ելանէ ի բերանոյ՝ ի սրտէ անտի գայ

that which comes out of the mouth comes from the heart

շրջել ի ցպոյ

ոչ կարէր տեսանել ի բազմութենէն

he could not see on account of the crowd

(with ablative) from (almost always used with ablative)


-arius

-ārius (canonical masculine)
-āriī (genitive)
-ārī (genitive)
-ārius (nominative singular)
-āriī (nominative plural)
-āriī (genitive singular)
-ārī (genitive singular)
-āriōrum (genitive plural)
-āriō (dative singular)
-āriīs (dative plural)
-ārium (accusative singular)
-āriōs (accusative plural)
-āriō (ablative singular)
-āriīs (ablative plural)
-ārie (singular vocative)
-āriī (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: -ar m, -aru, -ariu

Romanian: -ar m, -ariu m

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: -aghju

Italian: -aio

Sicilian: -aru

Western Romance: *-āirum

desctree

Old French: -ier
Middle French: -er
French: -ier, -er
→ English: -eer, -er
→ Italian: -iere
→ Old Irish: -aire
Irish: -aire
Scottish Gaelic: -air
→ Sicilian: -eri

Old Occitan: -ier

Catalan: -er, -era

Occitan: -ièr

Sicilian: -eri, -era

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: -âr

Venetan: -aro, -ar, -er

West Iberian:

Old Leonese: -ero

Asturian: -eru

Old Galician-Portuguese: -eyro

Portuguese: -eiro

Galician: -eiro

Old Spanish: -ero

Spanish: -ero

→ Albanian: -ar

→ Asturian: -ariu

→ Catalan: -ari

→ English: -ary, -arian

→ German: -är

→ Galician: -ario

→ German: -ar

→ Greek: -άρης (-áris)

→ Occitan: -ari

→ Polish: -ariusz

→ Portuguese: -ário

→ Proto-Germanic: *-ārijaz (see there for further descendants)

Gothic: -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-āreis)

→ Proto-Slavic: *-ařь (see there for further descendants)

→ Sicilian: -àriu

→ Spanish: -ario

→ Basque: -ari

argentum (“silver”) + -ārius → argentārius (“banker”)

avicula (“little bird”) + -ārius → aviculārius (“bird keeper”)

rēte (“net”) + -ārius → rētiārius (“net fighter”)

(masculine only) -er; Used to form nouns denoting an agent of use, such as a dealer or artisan, from other nouns.


-ություն

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-ություն • (-utʻyun) (traditional orthography spelling -ութիւն)

-utʻyun (romanization)
orthography spelling -ութիւն (traditional)
-ություն (nominative singular)
-ություններ (nominative plural)
-ության (dative singular)
-ությունների (dative plural)
-ությանց (-utʻyunneri, -utʻyancʻ**) (dative plural)
-ությունից (ablative singular)
-ություններից (ablative plural)
-ությամբ (instrumental singular)
-ությունով (-utʻyamb, -utʻyunov*) (instrumental singular)
-ություններով (instrumental plural)
-ությունում (locative singular)
-ություններում (locative plural)
-ությունը (definite nominative singular)
-ությունն (definite nominative singular)
-ությունները (definite nominative plural)
-ություններն (definite nominative plural)
-ությանը (dative definite singular)
-ությանն (dative definite singular)
-ություններին (dative definite plural)
-ությունս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
-ություններս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
-ությանս (dative first-person possessive singular)
-ություններիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
-ությանցս (-utʻyunneris, -utʻyancʻs**) (dative first-person plural possessive)
-ությունիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
-ություններիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
-ությամբս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
-ությունովս (-utʻyambs, -utʻyunovs*) (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
-ություններովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
-ությունումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
-ություններումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
-ությունդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
-ություններդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
-ությանդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
-ություններիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
-ությանցդ (-utʻyunnerid, -utʻyancʻd**) (dative plural possessive second-person)
-ությունիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
-ություններիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
-ությամբդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
-ությունովդ (-utʻyambd, -utʻyunovd*) (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
-ություններովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
-ությունումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
-ություններումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

-ությունը/-ությունն

-ությունները/-ություններն

-ությանը/-ությանն

-ությունների, -ությանց**

-ություններին

-ություններից

-ությամբ, -ությունով*

-ություններով

-ություններում

-ություններս

-ություններիս, -ությանցս**

-ություններիցս

-ությամբս, -ությունովս*

-ություններովս

-ությունումս

-ություններումս

-ություններդ

-ություններիդ, -ությանցդ**

-ություններիցդ

-ությամբդ, -ությունովդ*

-ություններովդ

-ությունումդ

-ություններումդ

լուրջ (lurǰ, “serious”) + -ություն (-utʻyun) → լրջություն (lrǰutʻyun, “seriousness”)

ահաբեկիչ (ahabekičʻ, “terrorist”) + -ություն (-utʻyun) → ահաբեկչություն (ahabekčʻutʻyun, “terrorism”)

մտավորական (mtavorakan, “intellectual”) + -ություն (-utʻyun) → մտավորականություն (mtavorakanutʻyun, “intelligentsia”)

Forming abstract and collective nouns, -ity, -ness, -dom, -hood, -y, -ship.


-իչ

head

-իչ • (-ičʻ)

hy-suffix

-իչ • (-ičʻ)

From Middle Armenian -իչ (-ičʻ), from Old Armenian -իչ (-ičʻ).


-իչ

head

-իչ • (-ičʻ)

Armenian: -իչ (-ičʻ)


-իչ

-իչ • (-ičʻ)

xcl-suffix

-իչ • (-ičʻ)

-ičʻ (romanization)
-իչ (nominative singular)
-իչք (nominative plural)
-չի (genitive singular)
-չաց (genitive plural)
-չի (dative singular)
-չաց (dative plural)
-իչ (accusative singular)
-իչս (accusative plural)
-չէ (ablative singular)
-չաց (ablative plural)
-չաւ (instrumental singular)
-չաւք = -չօք (-čʻawkʻ = -čʻōkʻ) (instrumental plural)
-չի (locative singular)
-իչս (locative plural)

xcl-decl-noun

-չաւք = -չօք

desctree

Middle Armenian: -իչ (-ičʻ)
Armenian: -իչ (-ičʻ)

From the stem vowel -ի- (-i-) + Proto-Indo-European *-kyā-, from *-k- + *-yā-. Compare Old Church Slavonic которичь (kotoričĭ, “quarrelsome”).


-ա-

գետ (get, “river”) + -ա- (-a-) + ձի (ji, “horse”) → գետաձի (getaji, “hippopotamus”)


-ա-

Armenian: -ա- (-a-)

մգլահոտ


-ա-

desctree

Middle Armenian: -ա- (-a-)
Armenian: -ա- (-a-)

ծայր-ա-քաղաք ― cayr-a-kʻałakʻ ― acropolis


-անոց

-anocʻ (romanization)
-անոց (nominative singular)
-անոցներ (nominative plural)
-անոցի (dative singular)
-անոցների (dative plural)
-անոցից (ablative singular)
-անոցներից (ablative plural)
-անոցով (instrumental singular)
-անոցներով (instrumental plural)
-անոցում (locative singular)
-անոցներում (locative plural)
-անոցը (definite nominative singular)
-անոցն (definite nominative singular)
-անոցները (definite nominative plural)
-անոցներն (definite nominative plural)
-անոցին (dative definite singular)
-անոցներին (dative definite plural)
-անոցս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
-անոցներս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
-անոցիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
-անոցներիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
-անոցիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
-անոցներիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
-անոցովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
-անոցներովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
-անոցումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
-անոցներումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
-անոցդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
-անոցներդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
-անոցիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
-անոցներիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
-անոցիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
-անոցներիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
-անոցովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
-անոցներովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
-անոցումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
-անոցներումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

-անոցը/-անոցն

-անոցները/-անոցներն

-անոցներումս

-անոցներումդ


-անոց

-anocʻ (romanization)
-անոց (nominative singular)
-անոցք (nominative plural)
-անոցի (genitive singular)
-անոցաց (genitive plural)
-անոցի (dative singular)
-անոցաց (dative plural)
-անոց (accusative singular)
-անոցս (accusative plural)
-անոցէ (ablative singular)
-անոցաց (ablative plural)
-անոցաւ (instrumental singular)
-անոցի (locative singular)
-անոցս (locative plural)

xcl-decl-noun

-անոցաւք = -անոցօք

Armenian: -անոց (-anocʻ)

From -ան (-an) + -ոց (-ocʻ). The -ան (-an) has different origins: it is a part of the stem in ամարանոց (amaranocʻ), ձմերանոց (jmeranocʻ), կողմանոց (kołmanocʻ), possibly the pluralization suffix -ան (-an) in Iranian borrowings such as աշակերտանոց (ašakertanocʻ), աւազականոց (awazakanocʻ), երիտասարդանոց (eritasardanocʻ).


-osi

satani + -osi → satanosi


-osi

ca-noun

-osi f (noun-forming suffix, plural -osis)


-osi

From Ancient Greek -ωσις (-ōsis, “abnormal condition or state”).


-patia

-patia (nominative singular)
-patiat (nominative plural)
-patia (accusative nominative singular)
-patiat (accusative nominative plural)
-patian (accusative genitive singular)
-patiat (accusative genitive plural)
-patian (genitive singular)
-patioiden (genitive plural)
-patioitten (genitive plural)
-patiain (genitive plural rare)
-patiaa (partitive singular)
-patioita (partitive plural)
-patiassa (inessive singular)
-patioissa (inessive plural)
-patiasta (elative singular)
-patioista (elative plural)
-patiaan (illative singular)
-patioihin (illative plural)
-patialla (adessive singular)
-patioilla (adessive plural)
-patialta (ablative singular)
-patioilta (ablative plural)
-patialle (allative singular)
-patioille (allative plural)
-patiana (essive singular)
-patioina (essive plural)
-patiaksi (singular translative)
-patioiksi (plural translative)
-patiatta (abessive singular)
-patioitta (abessive plural)
-patioin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-patiani (nominative singular)
-patiani (nominative plural)
-patiani (accusative nominative singular)
-patiani (accusative nominative plural)
-patiani (accusative genitive singular)
-patiani (accusative genitive plural)
-patiani (genitive singular)
-patioideni (genitive plural)
-patioitteni (genitive plural)
-patiaini (genitive plural rare)
-patiaani (partitive singular)
-patioitani (partitive plural)
-patiassani (inessive singular)
-patioissani (inessive plural)
-patiastani (elative singular)
-patioistani (elative plural)
-patiaani (illative singular)
-patioihini (illative plural)
-patiallani (adessive singular)
-patioillani (adessive plural)
-patialtani (ablative singular)
-patioiltani (ablative plural)
-patialleni (allative singular)
-patioilleni (allative plural)
-patianani (essive singular)
-patioinani (essive plural)
-patiakseni (singular translative)
-patioikseni (plural translative)
-patiattani (abessive singular)
-patioittani (abessive plural)
-patioineni (comitative plural)
-patiasi (nominative singular)
-patiasi (nominative plural)
-patiasi (accusative nominative singular)
-patiasi (accusative nominative plural)
-patiasi (accusative genitive singular)
-patiasi (accusative genitive plural)
-patiasi (genitive singular)
-patioidesi (genitive plural)
-patioittesi (genitive plural)
-patiaisi (genitive plural rare)
-patiaasi (partitive singular)
-patioitasi (partitive plural)
-patiassasi (inessive singular)
-patioissasi (inessive plural)
-patiastasi (elative singular)
-patioistasi (elative plural)
-patiaasi (illative singular)
-patioihisi (illative plural)
-patiallasi (adessive singular)
-patioillasi (adessive plural)
-patialtasi (ablative singular)
-patioiltasi (ablative plural)
-patiallesi (allative singular)
-patioillesi (allative plural)
-patianasi (essive singular)
-patioinasi (essive plural)
-patiaksesi (singular translative)
-patioiksesi (plural translative)
-patiattasi (abessive singular)
-patioittasi (abessive plural)
-patioinesi (comitative plural)
-patiamme (nominative singular)
-patiamme (nominative plural)
-patiamme (accusative nominative singular)
-patiamme (accusative nominative plural)
-patiamme (accusative genitive singular)
-patiamme (accusative genitive plural)
-patiamme (genitive singular)
-patioidemme (genitive plural)
-patioittemme (genitive plural)
-patiaimme (genitive plural rare)
-patiaamme (partitive singular)
-patioitamme (partitive plural)
-patiassamme (inessive singular)
-patioissamme (inessive plural)
-patiastamme (elative singular)
-patioistamme (elative plural)
-patiaamme (illative singular)
-patioihimme (illative plural)
-patiallamme (adessive singular)
-patioillamme (adessive plural)
-patialtamme (ablative singular)
-patioiltamme (ablative plural)
-patiallemme (allative singular)
-patioillemme (allative plural)
-patianamme (essive singular)
-patioinamme (essive plural)
-patiaksemme (singular translative)
-patioiksemme (plural translative)
-patiattamme (abessive singular)
-patioittamme (abessive plural)
-patioinemme (comitative plural)
-patianne (nominative singular)
-patianne (nominative plural)
-patianne (accusative nominative singular)
-patianne (accusative nominative plural)
-patianne (accusative genitive singular)
-patianne (accusative genitive plural)
-patianne (genitive singular)
-patioidenne (genitive plural)
-patioittenne (genitive plural)
-patiainne (genitive plural rare)
-patiaanne (partitive singular)
-patioitanne (partitive plural)
-patiassanne (inessive singular)
-patioissanne (inessive plural)
-patiastanne (elative singular)
-patioistanne (elative plural)
-patiaanne (illative singular)
-patioihinne (illative plural)
-patiallanne (adessive singular)
-patioillanne (adessive plural)
-patialtanne (ablative singular)
-patioiltanne (ablative plural)
-patiallenne (allative singular)
-patioillenne (allative plural)
-patiananne (essive singular)
-patioinanne (essive plural)
-patiaksenne (singular translative)
-patioiksenne (plural translative)
-patiattanne (abessive singular)
-patioittanne (abessive plural)
-patioinenne (comitative plural)
-patiansa (nominative singular)
-patiansa (nominative plural)
-patiansa (accusative nominative singular)
-patiansa (accusative nominative plural)
-patiansa (accusative genitive singular)
-patiansa (accusative genitive plural)
-patiansa (genitive singular)
-patioidensa (genitive plural)
-patioittensa (genitive plural)
-patiainsa (genitive plural rare)
-patiaansa (partitive singular)
-patioitaan (partitive plural)
-patioitansa (partitive plural)
-patiassaan (inessive singular)
-patiassansa (inessive singular)
-patioissaan (inessive plural)
-patioissansa (inessive plural)
-patiastaan (elative singular)
-patiastansa (elative singular)
-patioistaan (elative plural)
-patioistansa (elative plural)
-patiaansa (illative singular)
-patioihinsa (illative plural)
-patiallaan (adessive singular)
-patiallansa (adessive singular)
-patioillaan (adessive plural)
-patioillansa (adessive plural)
-patialtaan (ablative singular)
-patialtansa (ablative singular)
-patioiltaan (ablative plural)
-patioiltansa (ablative plural)
-patialleen (allative singular)
-patiallensa (allative singular)
-patioilleen (allative plural)
-patioillensa (allative plural)
-patianaan (essive singular)
-patianansa (essive singular)
-patioinaan (essive plural)
-patioinansa (essive plural)
-patiakseen (singular translative)
-patiaksensa (singular translative)
-patioikseen (plural translative)
-patioiksensa (plural translative)
-patiattaan (abessive singular)
-patiattansa (abessive singular)
-patioittaan (abessive plural)
-patioittansa (abessive plural)
-patioineen (comitative plural)
-patioinensa (comitative plural)

From a common European suffix with Ancient Greek elements (πάθος (páthos, “suffering”) + -ία (-ía)).


-patia

-patia (nominative singular)
-patie (nominative plural)
-patii (genitive singular)
-patii (genitive plural)
-patyj (archaic genitive plural)
-patii (dative singular)
-patiom (dative plural)
-patię (accusative singular)
-patie (accusative plural)
-patią (instrumental singular)
-patiami (instrumental plural)
-patii (locative singular)
-patiach (locative plural)
-patio (singular vocative)
-patie (plural vocative)

allel + -patia → allelopatia


ath-

From Old Irish aith-, ath-, from Proto-Celtic *ati-.


pře-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *per-, from Proto-Indo-European *per-.

pře- + počítat → přepočítat


-ում

-um (romanization)
-ում (nominative singular)
-ումներ (nominative plural)
-ման (dative singular)
-ումի (dative singular)
-ումների (dative plural)
-ումից (ablative singular)
-ումներից (ablative plural)
-մամբ (instrumental singular)
-ումով (instrumental singular)
-ումներով (instrumental plural)
-ումում (-umum*) (locative singular)
-ումներում (locative plural)
-ումը (definite nominative singular)
-ումն (definite nominative singular)
-ումները (definite nominative plural)
-ումներն (definite nominative plural)
-մանը (dative definite singular)
-մանն (dative definite singular)
-ումին (dative definite singular)
-ումներին (dative definite plural)
-ումս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
-ումներս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
-մանս (dative first-person possessive singular)
-ումիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
-ումներիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
-ումիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
-ումներիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
-ումովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
-ումներովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
-ումումս (-umums*) (first-person locative possessive singular)
-ումներումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
-ումդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
-ումներդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
-մանդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
-ումիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
-ումներիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
-ումիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
-ումներիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
-ումովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
-ումներովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
-ումումդ (-umumd*) (locative possessive second-person singular)
-ումներումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

-ումները/-ումներն

-մանը/-մանն, -ումին

-մամբ, -ումով

-մանս/-ումիս

-մանդ/-ումիդ

միացնել (miacʻnel, “to connect”) + -ում (-um) → միացում (miacʻum, “connection”)

ուղարկել (uġarkel, “to send”) + -ում (-um) → ուղարկում (uġarkum, “sending”)


-ի

ծիրանի


-ի

xcl-decl-noun

-եաւք = -եօք

-ի (-i nominative singular)
-իք (nominative plural)
-ւոյ (genitive singular)
-եաց (genitive plural)
-ւոյ (dative singular)
-եաց (dative plural)
-ի (-i accusative singular)
-իս (accusative plural)
-ւոյ (ablative singular)
-եաց (ablative plural)
-եաւ (instrumental singular)
-եաւք = -եօք (-eawkʻ = -eōkʻ) (instrumental plural)
-ի (-i locative singular)
-իս (locative plural)

Armenian: -ի (-i)

Middle Armenian: -ի (-i)

From the Proto-Indo-European *-yo- or *-yeh₂ suffix. Compare the same suffix in Sanskrit स्वप्न्य (svápnya), Ancient Greek δεξιός (dexiós), Latin somnium. The genitive ending -ի (-i) may have the same origin.

կաղին

կաղնի

կտաւ

կտաւի


-ու

Contamination of Proto-Indo-European *-u stem vowel with the *-yo, *-yā suffix.

found in a few words, such as արու (aru), եղջերու (ełǰeru), մեղու (mełu), ուրջու (urǰu)


-ուց

Middle Armenian: -ուց (-ucʻ)

From the stem vowel -u- + Proto-Indo-European *-sko- suffix, later applied to other stems. See also -ուցք (-ucʻkʻ).


-ին

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-enos and partly perhaps from the *-iHnos suffix, variants of *-nós.

inh+

լռին

ջերին

դիւրին

խրթին

խորին

մթին


-lins

From a variant of -lings, an ablaut variant, with genitive -s, of -lang (compare English -long). More at English -lings.

Suffix used to form adverbs from adjectives or quasi-adjectives, to connote direction and also manner, condition, degree.


-óttur

From Old Norse -óttr, from Proto-Germanic *-uhtaz; cognate with Faroese -utur and Norwegian -ôtt.

díll (“spot”) + -óttur → dílóttur (“spotted”)

set with a pattern (of certain shapes) or characterized by a certain shape or feature (especially on the surface or in its texture, etc.)


-cske

-cske (nominative singular)
-cskék (nominative plural)
-cskét (accusative singular)
-cskéket (accusative plural)
-cskének (dative singular)
-cskéknek (dative plural)
-cskével (instrumental singular)
-cskékkel (instrumental plural)
-cskéért (causal-final singular)
-cskékért (causal-final plural)
-cskévé (singular translative)
-cskékké (plural translative)
-cskéig (singular terminative)
-cskékig (plural terminative)
-cskeként (essive-formal singular)
-cskékként (essive-formal plural)
-cskéül (essive-modal singular)
-cskékül (essive-modal plural)
-cskében (inessive singular)
-cskékben (inessive plural)
-cskén (singular superessive)
-cskéken (plural superessive)
-cskénél (adessive singular)
-cskéknél (adessive plural)
-cskébe (illative singular)
-cskékbe (illative plural)
-cskére (singular sublative)
-cskékre (plural sublative)
-cskéhez (allative singular)
-cskékhez (allative plural)
-cskéből (elative singular)
-cskékből (elative plural)
-cskéről (delative singular)
-cskékről (delative plural)
-cskétől (ablative singular)
-cskéktől (ablative plural)
-cskéé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-cskéké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-cskééi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-cskékéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-cském (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
-cskéim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
-cskéd (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
-cskéid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
-cskéje (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
-cskéi (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
-cskénk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
-cskéink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
-cskétek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
-cskéitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
-cskéjük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
-cskéik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


-ական

-akan (romanization)
-ական (nominative singular)
-ականներ (nominative plural)
-ականի (dative singular)
-ականների (dative plural)
-ականից (ablative singular)
-ականներից (ablative plural)
-ականով (instrumental singular)
-ականներով (instrumental plural)
-ականում (locative singular)
-ականներում (locative plural)
-ականը (definite nominative singular)
-ականն (definite nominative singular)
-ականները (definite nominative plural)
-ականներն (definite nominative plural)
-ականին (dative definite singular)
-ականներին (dative definite plural)
-ականս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
-ականներս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
-ականիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
-ականներիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
-ականիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
-ականներիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
-ականովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
-ականներովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
-ականումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
-ականներումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
-ականդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
-ականներդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
-ականիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
-ականներիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
-ականիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
-ականներիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
-ականովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
-ականներովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
-ականումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
-ականներումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

-ականը/-ականն

-ականները/-ականներն

-ականներումս

-ականներումդ

մեկ (mek) + -ական (-akan) → մեկական (mekakan, “one to each”)

տասը (tasə) + -ական (-akan) → տասական (tasakan, “ten to each”)

forming distributive numerals when affixed to cardinal numbers


-ային

-ayin (romanization)
-ային (nominative singular)
-այիններ (nominative plural)
-այինի (dative singular)
-այինների (dative plural)
-այինից (ablative singular)
-այիններից (ablative plural)
-այինով (instrumental singular)
-այիններով (instrumental plural)
-այինում (locative singular)
-այիններում (locative plural)
-այինը (definite nominative singular)
-այինն (definite nominative singular)
-այինները (definite nominative plural)
-այիններն (definite nominative plural)
-այինին (dative definite singular)
-այիններին (dative definite plural)
-այինս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
-այիններս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
-այինիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
-այիններիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
-այինիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
-այիններիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
-այինովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
-այիններովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
-այինումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
-այիններումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
-այինդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
-այիններդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
-այինիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
-այիններիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
-այինիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
-այիններիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
-այինովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
-այիններովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
-այինումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
-այիններումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

-այինը/-այինն

-այինները/-այիններն

-այիններումս

-այիններումդ

բևեռ (beweṙ, “pole”) + -ային (-ayin) → բևեռային (beweṙayin, “polar”)

արև (arew, “sun”) + -ային (-ayin) → արևային (arewayin, “solar”)

միջուկ (miǰuk, “nucleus”) + -ային (-ayin) → միջուկային (miǰukayin, “nuclear”)


-ային

-ayin (romanization)
-ային (nominative singular)
-այինք (nominative plural)
-այնոյ (genitive singular)
-այնոց (genitive plural)
-այնոյ (dative singular)
-այնոց (dative plural)
-ային (accusative singular)
-այինս (accusative plural)
-այնոյ (ablative singular)
-այնոց (ablative plural)
-այնով (instrumental singular)
-այնովք (instrumental plural)
-ային (locative singular)
-այինս (locative plural)

Armenian: -ային (-ayin)

Probably from the stem vowel -ա(յ) (-a(y)) + -ին (-in).

գիշեր

գիշերային

օդ

օդային


-յան

head

-յան • (-yan) (traditional orthography spelling -եան)

-yan (romanization)
orthography spelling -եան (traditional)
-յան (nominative singular)
-յաններ (nominative plural)
-յանի (dative singular)
-յանների (dative plural)
-յանից (ablative singular)
-յաններից (ablative plural)
-յանով (instrumental singular)
-յաններով (instrumental plural)
-յանում (locative singular)
-յաններում (locative plural)
-յանը (definite nominative singular)
-յանն (definite nominative singular)
-յանները (definite nominative plural)
-յաններն (definite nominative plural)
-յանին (dative definite singular)
-յաններին (dative definite plural)
-յանս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
-յաններս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
-յանիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
-յաններիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
-յանիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
-յաններիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
-յանովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
-յաններովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
-յանումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
-յաններումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
-յանդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
-յաններդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
-յանիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
-յաններիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
-յանիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
-յաններիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
-յանովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
-յաններովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
-յանումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
-յաններումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

-յանները/-յաններն

Iranian Persian: ـِیَان (-iyân)

Պետրոս (Petros, “Peter”) + -յան (-yan) → Պետրոսյան (Petrosyan, “Petrosyan”)

Հարություն (Harutʻyun, “Harutyun”) + -յան (-yan) → Հարությունյան (Harutʻyunyan, “Harutyunyan”)

Սարգիս (Sargis, “Sargis”) + -յան (-yan) → Սարգսյան (Sargsyan, “Sargsyan”)


-rrhea

From Ancient Greek ῥοία (rhoía, “flow, flux”).

bor

-rrhagia

emphasizes heavy flow, often of blood specifically


half-

From Middle English half-, from Old English healf-, from Proto-Germanic *halba- (“half-”), from *halbaz (“half”). Cognate with Dutch half- (“half-”), German halb- (“half-”), Swedish halv- (“half-”), Icelandic hálf- (“half-”). More at half.

Used before brother, sister, uncle, aunt, and so forth, to indicate that the person being identified is related only through one parent, grandparent, and so forth, rather than two.


-ք

Armenian: -ք (-kʻ)

The origin is uncertain. What follows is Matasović’s summary of opinions, word for word (adjusted for Wiktionary style).
Some scholars (e.g. Meillet and Godel) take the obvious course and derive it from Proto-Indo-European *-s [the masculine-feminine plural nominative case ending], but the sound development of word final *-s to *-kʿ is not universally accepted, though it may be supported by the development of PIE *treyes (“three”) (Latin trēs) > Arm. երեք (erekʻ), and *kʷetwores > Arm. չորք (čʻorkʻ). Other linguists assume a pronominal particle added to the bare stem, but the origin of that particle has never been explained. A recent hypothesis derives the morpheme *-kʿ- from the agglutinated Proto-Indo-European *dwoh₁ (“two”); it would have been originally a dual marker, subsequently replacing the inherited plural. It is worth noting another possibility, although it is a mere speculation: the plural marker *-kʿ can be regularly derived from *-s-wes, with the ending of the u-stems *-w-es agglutinated to the regular Nom[inative] plural marker *-s (cf. the Vedic agglutinated Nom[inative] pl[ural] in -ās-as, e.g. अश्वासस् (aśvāsas)).

հայ

հայք

Հայք ― Haykʻ ― Armenia, the country of Armenians


տ-

From *տի- (*ti-), from Proto-Indo-European *déh₁. Cognate with Latin dē (“from, without”), as in dē-bilis (“without strength, incapable”). See also տիեզերք (tiezerkʻ).

գեղ

տգեղ

հաճ

տհաճ

քնեմ

տքնեմ


-երեն

ռուսերեն (ṙuseren)

Forms names of languages when appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions:

ռուսերեն (ṙuseren)

Forms adverbs with the meaning of a language:

ռուսերեն (ṙuseren)

Forms adjectives with the meaning of a language:


-ենի

Armenian: -ենի (-eni)


-ias

head

-ias (front vowel harmony variant -iäs, linguistic notation -iAs)

-iäs (front-vowel)
-ias (nominative singular)
-iaat (nominative plural)
-ias (accusative nominative singular)
-iaat (accusative nominative plural)
-iaan (accusative genitive singular)
-iaat (accusative genitive plural)
-iaan (genitive singular)
-iaiden (genitive plural)
-iaitten (genitive plural)
-iasten (genitive plural rare)
-iasta (partitive singular)
-iaita (partitive plural)
-iaassa (inessive singular)
-iaissa (inessive plural)
-iaasta (elative singular)
-iaista (elative plural)
-iaaseen (illative singular)
-iaisiin (illative plural)
-iaihin (illative plural rare)
-iaalla (adessive singular)
-iailla (adessive plural)
-iaalta (ablative singular)
-iailta (ablative plural)
-iaalle (allative singular)
-iaille (allative plural)
-iaana (essive singular)
-iaina (essive plural)
-iaaksi (singular translative)
-iaiksi (plural translative)
-iaatta (abessive singular)
-iaitta (abessive plural)
-iain (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-iaani (nominative singular)
-iaani (nominative plural)
-iaani (accusative nominative singular)
-iaani (accusative nominative plural)
-iaani (accusative genitive singular)
-iaani (accusative genitive plural)
-iaani (genitive singular)
-iaideni (genitive plural)
-iaitteni (genitive plural)
-iasteni (genitive plural rare)
-iastani (partitive singular)
-iaitani (partitive plural)
-iaassani (inessive singular)
-iaissani (inessive plural)
-iaastani (elative singular)
-iaistani (elative plural)
-iaaseeni (illative singular)
-iaisiini (illative plural)
-iaihini (illative plural rare)
-iaallani (adessive singular)
-iaillani (adessive plural)
-iaaltani (ablative singular)
-iailtani (ablative plural)
-iaalleni (allative singular)
-iailleni (allative plural)
-iaanani (essive singular)
-iainani (essive plural)
-iaakseni (singular translative)
-iaikseni (plural translative)
-iaattani (abessive singular)
-iaittani (abessive plural)
-iaineni (comitative plural)
-iaasi (nominative singular)
-iaasi (nominative plural)
-iaasi (accusative nominative singular)
-iaasi (accusative nominative plural)
-iaasi (accusative genitive singular)
-iaasi (accusative genitive plural)
-iaasi (genitive singular)
-iaidesi (genitive plural)
-iaittesi (genitive plural)
-iastesi (genitive plural rare)
-iastasi (partitive singular)
-iaitasi (partitive plural)
-iaassasi (inessive singular)
-iaissasi (inessive plural)
-iaastasi (elative singular)
-iaistasi (elative plural)
-iaaseesi (illative singular)
-iaisiisi (illative plural)
-iaihisi (illative plural rare)
-iaallasi (adessive singular)
-iaillasi (adessive plural)
-iaaltasi (ablative singular)
-iailtasi (ablative plural)
-iaallesi (allative singular)
-iaillesi (allative plural)
-iaanasi (essive singular)
-iainasi (essive plural)
-iaaksesi (singular translative)
-iaiksesi (plural translative)
-iaattasi (abessive singular)
-iaittasi (abessive plural)
-iainesi (comitative plural)
-iaamme (nominative singular)
-iaamme (nominative plural)
-iaamme (accusative nominative singular)
-iaamme (accusative nominative plural)
-iaamme (accusative genitive singular)
-iaamme (accusative genitive plural)
-iaamme (genitive singular)
-iaidemme (genitive plural)
-iaittemme (genitive plural)
-iastemme (genitive plural rare)
-iastamme (partitive singular)
-iaitamme (partitive plural)
-iaassamme (inessive singular)
-iaissamme (inessive plural)
-iaastamme (elative singular)
-iaistamme (elative plural)
-iaaseemme (illative singular)
-iaisiimme (illative plural)
-iaihimme (illative plural rare)
-iaallamme (adessive singular)
-iaillamme (adessive plural)
-iaaltamme (ablative singular)
-iailtamme (ablative plural)
-iaallemme (allative singular)
-iaillemme (allative plural)
-iaanamme (essive singular)
-iainamme (essive plural)
-iaaksemme (singular translative)
-iaiksemme (plural translative)
-iaattamme (abessive singular)
-iaittamme (abessive plural)
-iainemme (comitative plural)
-iaanne (nominative singular)
-iaanne (nominative plural)
-iaanne (accusative nominative singular)
-iaanne (accusative nominative plural)
-iaanne (accusative genitive singular)
-iaanne (accusative genitive plural)
-iaanne (genitive singular)
-iaidenne (genitive plural)
-iaittenne (genitive plural)
-iastenne (genitive plural rare)
-iastanne (partitive singular)
-iaitanne (partitive plural)
-iaassanne (inessive singular)
-iaissanne (inessive plural)
-iaastanne (elative singular)
-iaistanne (elative plural)
-iaaseenne (illative singular)
-iaisiinne (illative plural)
-iaihinne (illative plural rare)
-iaallanne (adessive singular)
-iaillanne (adessive plural)
-iaaltanne (ablative singular)
-iailtanne (ablative plural)
-iaallenne (allative singular)
-iaillenne (allative plural)
-iaananne (essive singular)
-iainanne (essive plural)
-iaaksenne (singular translative)
-iaiksenne (plural translative)
-iaattanne (abessive singular)
-iaittanne (abessive plural)
-iainenne (comitative plural)
-iaansa (nominative singular)
-iaansa (nominative plural)
-iaansa (accusative nominative singular)
-iaansa (accusative nominative plural)
-iaansa (accusative genitive singular)
-iaansa (accusative genitive plural)
-iaansa (genitive singular)
-iaidensa (genitive plural)
-iaittensa (genitive plural)
-iastensa (genitive plural rare)
-iastaan (partitive singular)
-iastansa (partitive singular)
-iaitaan (partitive plural)
-iaitansa (partitive plural)
-iaassaan (inessive singular)
-iaassansa (inessive singular)
-iaissaan (inessive plural)
-iaissansa (inessive plural)
-iaastaan (elative singular)
-iaastansa (elative singular)
-iaistaan (elative plural)
-iaistansa (elative plural)
-iaaseensa (illative singular)
-iaisiinsa (illative plural)
-iaihinsa (illative plural rare)
-iaallaan (adessive singular)
-iaallansa (adessive singular)
-iaillaan (adessive plural)
-iaillansa (adessive plural)
-iaaltaan (ablative singular)
-iaaltansa (ablative singular)
-iailtaan (ablative plural)
-iailtansa (ablative plural)
-iaalleen (allative singular)
-iaallensa (allative singular)
-iailleen (allative plural)
-iaillensa (allative plural)
-iaanaan (essive singular)
-iaanansa (essive singular)
-iainaan (essive plural)
-iainansa (essive plural)
-iaakseen (singular translative)
-iaaksensa (singular translative)
-iaikseen (plural translative)
-iaiksensa (plural translative)
-iaattaan (abessive singular)
-iaattansa (abessive singular)
-iaittaan (abessive plural)
-iaittansa (abessive plural)
-iaineen (comitative plural)
-iainensa (comitative plural)

Forms adjectives and sometimes nouns, often from verbs describing doing such an action often.


-ias

-ias (nominative singular)
-iasak (nominative plural)
-iasat (accusative singular)
-iast (accusative singular)
-iasakat (accusative plural)
-iasnak (dative singular)
-iasaknak (dative plural)
-iassal (instrumental singular)
-iasakkal (instrumental plural)
-iasért (causal-final singular)
-iasakért (causal-final plural)
-iassá (singular translative)
-iasakká (plural translative)
-iasig (singular terminative)
-iasakig (plural terminative)
-iasként (essive-formal singular)
-iasakként (essive-formal plural)
-iasban (inessive singular)
-iasakban (inessive plural)
-iason (singular superessive)
-iasakon (plural superessive)
-iasnál (adessive singular)
-iasaknál (adessive plural)
-iasba (illative singular)
-iasakba (illative plural)
-iasra (singular sublative)
-iasakra (plural sublative)
-iashoz (allative singular)
-iasakhoz (allative plural)
-iasból (elative singular)
-iasakból (elative plural)
-iasról (delative singular)
-iasakról (delative plural)
-iastól (ablative singular)
-iasaktól (ablative plural)
-iasé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-iasaké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-iaséi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-iasakéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)

From -i (adjective-forming suffix) + -as (adjective-forming suffix).

compound

város (“city, town”) + -ias → városias (“urban, reminding of/appropriate to a city or town”)

(adjective-forming suffix) reminding of, appropriate to, characteristic of (added to a noun to form an adjective)


ենթա-

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian ենթա- (entʻa-).


ենթա-

→ Armenian: ենթա- (entʻa-) (learned)

Adapted by the Hellenizing School from ընդ (ənd) + -ա- (-a-). The spelling ընթա- (əntʻa-) reflects an intermediate form.


fear-

fear-treòrachaidh


-an-

From Esperanto -an-, from English -an, French -en, Italian -ano, -ana, Spanish -ano, -ana, from Latin -ānus.

Anglia (“England”) + -ana → Angliana (“English”)

civito (“city, town (as a political body)”) + -ano → civitano (“citizen”)

a person or a thing that pertain to a domain (country, society)


-an-

This is really an interfix variant of the suffix -an, used to form directional adverbs. From Old Norse suffix -an, from Proto-Germanic *-anē, used to denote ablativ adverbs.

Used to bind together a directional adverb and a preposition to create composite ones.


-mane

Borrowed from French -mane, from Ancient Greek -μανής (-manḗs).

Forming compound nouns with the sense of person who has a mania for.


-mane

→ English: -mane

Adapted borrowing of Ancient Greek -μανης (-manēs), from μανία f (manía).

abor

-mane, -maniac; Used to form adjectives and nouns describing sufferers of a mania


bean-

bean-stiùiread


-lice

Middle English: -lice, -liche, -li, -ly

English: -ly

Scots: -lie, -ly

From Proto-Germanic *-līkê, equivalent to -līċ (adjectival suffix) + -e (adverbial suffix). Compare Old Norse -liga.


-ar-

suffix denoting a collection, group or set of objects or beings


-em-

gunung → gemunung

Used to form a numeral (set, many, or various).


-estr-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of estrogens.


ան-

Armenian: ան- (an-)

From Old Armenian ան- (an-), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.


vy-

perfective aspect
perfective aspect#English

a prefix, often indicating the perfective aspect

vy- + truchlit (“grieve”) → vytruchlit se (“have enough time to grieve”)

vy- + lyžovat (“ski”) → vylyžovat se (“do a lot of skiing”)

(as an imperfective verb) (often used with se) intensification: added to mean very much, with more or less positive result


vy-

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вꙑ- (vy-)

Old Ruthenian: вы- (vy-)

Belarusian: вы- (vy-)

Ukrainian: ви- (vy-)

Russian: вы- (vy-)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вꙑ- (vy-)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱏⰹ- (vy-)

West Slavic:

Czech: vy-

Polabian: voi-

Polish: wy-

Old Slovak: vy-

Pannonian Rusyn: ви- (vi-)

Slovak: vy-

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wë-

Slovincian: wë-

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wu-

Lower Sorbian: wu-

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ū́, from Proto-Indo-European *úd. The *y < *ū is a result of Winter's law.
Judging by the dictionaries, there is no attested Baltic cognates and adverb/preposition **vy.


u-

u- + řeknout (“say once”) → uřeknout (“misspeak, say unintentionally once”)

(on perfective verbs) unintentionally, inadvertently, by mistake


u-

in-, un-, non-; (prefix meaning not, reversing the meaning)


u-

u- + wiązać → uwiązać


na-

The noun article. Added to nouns and verb stems to affirm nominal use. Has an element of definiteness. Also used in derivation.


na-

na- + dalus (“cleanliness”) → nadalus (“clean”)


na-

Marks the diversitative aspect on certain verbs, indicating action taking place in multiple places ("here and there") without taking place over a specific period of time


na-

na- + ochac → naochac

added to verbs to make them perfective, often meaning "to do X verb much or enough"


pod-

pod- + kładać → podkładać


pode-

pode- + słać → podesłać

alternative form of pod-, used before certain consonant clusters


nad-

nad- + chodzić → nadchodzić


nad-

nad- + ludzki → nadludzki


nade-

brać → nadebrać

alternative form of nad-, used before certain consonant clusters


od-

a prefix, usually indicating movement away, detachment or separation


od-

od- + ić → odejć

od- + sypać → odsypać

indicates repetition of some process; re-

od- + dać → oddać

indicates returning an action to someone; back


od-

Inherited from Old Polish od-, from Proto-Slavic *otъ-. Compare Old English ed-.

od- + łączyć → odłączyć

od- + budować → odbudować

od- + dzwonić → oddzwonić

od- + iść → odejść


ode-

ode- + brać → odebrać

alternative form of od-, used before certain consonant clusters


v-

From Proto-Slavic *vъ-. Prefixed form of the preposition v.

v- + státi (“to stand”) → vstáti (“to stand up”)

Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:


ve-

There is some disagreement on origin of this prefix:
* From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“out, away”). Compare Latin au-, Sanskrit अव (áva), Old Irish úa (“from, of”).
* From Proto-Italic *s(w)ē-, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”), whence also Latin sē- (“separately; without”), sē (“oneself”), sed (“but”).
* By reanalysis of the contracted form of vehemēns (“very eager, furious”), vēmēns, as vē- and mēns (“mind”).

Used to indicate a fault of excess or deficiency, too much, too little


při-

a prefix, usually expressing the idea of something getting closer to something else


se-

From Malay se-, from Classical Malay se-, from se, shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

se- + tinggi (“height”) → setinggi (“as tall as”)

adjectival equative: same, sharing [base], having the same [base]


roz-

roz- + měnit → rozměnit

Mohl byste mi rozměnit pětistovku?

roz- + lepit → rozlepit

Obálka se rozlepila.


roze-

a prefix, sometimes used instead of roz- in front of a consonant


roze-

roze- + brać → rozebrać

alternative form of roz-, used before certain consonant clusters


z-

From Early Proto-Albanian *dis- > *diš- > *dš- > *tš- > s- before unvoiced phonemes, z- before voiced phonemes. It is mainly connected with the formation of verbs.


z-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz-, prefix form of *jьz.

forms perfective verbs from imperfective ones


ze-

ze- + psuć → zepsuć

ze- + mdleć → zemdleć

alternative form of z-, used before certain consonant clusters


-ális

zseniális (“genial, marked by genius”)

speciális (“special”)

kulturális (“cultural”)

admirális (“admiral”)

Added to foreign words to create an adjective or a noun.


-ուհի

-uhi (romanization)
-ուհի (nominative singular)
-ուհիներ (nominative plural)
-ուհու (dative singular)
-ուհիների (dative plural)
-ուհուց (ablative singular)
-ուհիներից (ablative plural)
-ուհով (instrumental singular)
-ուհիով (instrumental singular)
-ուհիներով (instrumental plural)
-ուհին (definite nominative singular)
-ուհիները (definite nominative plural)
-ուհիներն (definite nominative plural)
-ուհուն (dative definite singular)
-ուհիներին (dative definite plural)
-ուհիս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
-ուհիներս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
-ուհուս (dative first-person possessive singular)
-ուհիներիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
-ուհուցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
-ուհիներիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
-ուհովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
-ուհիովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
-ուհիներովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
-ուհիդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
-ուհիներդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
-ուհուդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
-ուհիներիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
-ուհուցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
-ուհիներիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
-ուհովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
-ուհիովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
-ուհիներովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

-ուհիները/-ուհիներն

-ուհով, -ուհիով

-ուհովս, -ուհիովս

-ուհովդ, -ուհիովդ

պարուհի (paruhi)

երգչուհի (ergčʻuhi)

սիրուհի (siruhi)

հայուհի (hayuhi) — female Armenian

-ess, -ette. Forms nouns denoting female gender.


-ուհի

-uhi (romanization)
-ուհի (nominative singular)
-ուհիք (nominative plural)
-ուհւոյ (genitive singular)
-ուհեաց (genitive plural)
-ուհւոյ (dative singular)
-ուհեաց (dative plural)
-ուհի (accusative singular)
-ուհիս (accusative plural)
-ուհւոյ (ablative singular)
-ուհեաց (ablative plural)
-ուհեաւ (instrumental singular)
-ուհեաւք = -ուհեօք (-uheawkʻ = -uheōkʻ) (instrumental plural)
-ուհի (locative singular)
-ուհիս (locative plural)

xcl-decl-noun

-ուհեաւք = -ուհեօք

Armenian: -ուհի (-uhi)

The older spelling is -ուրհի (-urhi). Probably an Iranian borrowing, but the exact source is disputed.
According to Godel, it is likely to derive from re-analysis of the loanword թագու(ր)հի (tʻagu(r)hi, “queen”) from Proto-Iranian *tāga-brθr̥yā, the feminine form of թագաւոր (tʻagawor, “king”), owing to which the suffix was generalized. An alternative proposal is the derivation from Iranian -purhi. It has also been compared with աւրի- (awri-) in աւրիորդ (awriord).

տիրուհի

քրմուհի ― kʻrmuhi ― priestess

forming nouns denoting female gender; -ess, -ette


obe-

a prefix, sometimes used instead of ob- in front of a consonant


obe-

obe- + znać → obeznać

alternative form of ob-, used before certain consonant clusters


-aszt

From -sz (frequentative suffix) + -t (causative suffix).

múlik (“to pass”) + -aszt → mulaszt (“to miss, i.e. to make or let something pass”)

lyuk (“hole”) + -aszt → lyukaszt (“to punch a hole”)

(causative suffix) Added to a verb or less frequently to a noun to form a transitive verb.


-sa

From Old Irish -sa (1st person singular), -su (2nd person singular), and -si (3rd person singular feminine/2nd person plural).

-se

used after palatalized consonants and front vowels

Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor

and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject

and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object

emphatic suffix of the following persons; used after velarized consonants and back vowels:


-sa

Irish: -sa

Manx: -s

Scottish Gaelic: -sa

co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu

so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my (emphatic) speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] lips and what I might think with [my] heart might be different

Bíuu-sa oc irbáig dar far cenn-si fri Maccidóndu.

I (emphatic) am boasting about you to the Macedonians.

Níta chumme-se friusom.

I (emphatic) am not like them (emphatic).


-sa

From Old Irish -sa (1st person singular) and Old Irish -su (2nd person singular).


-se

From the inflected form of the suffix -s, denoting characteristic.

Suffix denoting a female inhabitant of a place.


-se

Alternative form of -sa (used after palatalized consonants and front vowels:)


-se

ciamâ (“to call”) + -se → ciamâse (“to call oneself; to be called”)

Appended to present infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive forms


-se

From Old Irish -si (3rd person singular feminine; 2nd person plural).


heraus-

Compound of the prefixes her- + aus-, or rather simply heraus in compounds.

A prefix, conveying a movement out of something.


herunter-

a prefix; down-(?) (towards the speaker)


vz-

vz- + letẹ́ti (“to fly”) → vzletẹ́ti (“to fly up”)

Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:


vze-

a prefix, sometimes used instead of vz- in front of a consonant


herauf-

A prefix, conveying a movement on something.


herein-

From herein (“inwards (toward the speaker)”).

A verbal prefix indicating movement inwards towards the speaker


aus-

A prefixed variation of the preposition aus. Compare English out-.


auseinander-

a prefix bearing the meaning asunder or apart


nej-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *naj-. From parts *na and particle *i. Approximates to prefix *nad-.

used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs; similar to most and -est, as in nejdelší—the longest


bei-

From bei, from Middle High German bī, from Old High German bī, from Proto-West Germanic *bī, from Proto-Germanic *bi. Compare Dutch bij- and English by-.

(with nouns) temporally concurrent or physically present


auf-

aufnehmen (“to pick up”), aufstehen, aufwachsen

A separable prefix; similar to English up-

aufhören, aufgeben

aufmachen, aufschließen

aufschreiben (“to write down”), auftragen (“to put on, apply”)

aufwachsen, aufgeben, aufstehen


vor-

From Middle High German vor-, vore-, from Old High German fora-, furi-, from Proto-West Germanic *forē-. Cognate with English fore-.

pre- (denotes primarily that something is before or in front of another thing or higher in a hierarchy)


fort-

Used in a number of German loan-words, from the German prefix fort-, related to English forth.

forthwith, continued, further; e.g. fortgå, fortplanta, fortsätta, fortvara


wieder-

wieder- prefix somewhat similar to re- (canonical)

Adverb wieder used as particle in verb compounds.

wiedergrüßen, wiederhauen, wiederlieben

An action is reciprocated or rewarded with the same or a similar action


zu-

From Middle High German zuo-, from Old High German zuo-, from Proto-West Germanic *tō (“to”), from Proto-Germanic *tō (“to”).


durch-

A prefixed variation of the preposition durch.


nach-

Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns#Infixed pronouns

Alternative form of nád (negative particle used in relative and noun clauses) used before an infixed pronoun


ein-

Middle High German īn-, a variation (like ein (“indicating motion into something”) as in waldein) of the preposition in, from Old High German in, from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én. Compare English in-.

generally indicating (concrete or abstract/metaphorical) motion into something


ein-

Ein-

a forliður for Icelandic personal names; Einar, Einbjörn, Einvarður


mit-

Alternative form of mito-, used before a vowel.


mit-

From mit (“with”). Compare Dutch mee-, mede-.

mit- + tanzen (“to dance”) → mittanzen (“to dance with others, to join others in dancing, to dance along”)

a prefix of nearly unlimited productivity, expressing that something is done together with others who do the same thing, sometimes equivalent to English co- or along.


-իկ

Armenian: -իկ (-ik)


-ուկ

desctree

Middle Armenian: -ուկ (-uk)
Armenian: -ուկ (-uk)

From earlier *-ուկն (*-ukn), from the stem element *-ū̆- + Proto-Indo-European *-kon- suffix. See also -իկ (-ik). The plant-name-forming suffix may have developed from this.

այր

այրուկ


-plasia

From New Latin -plasia, from Ancient Greek πλάσις (plásis, “molding, formation”).


-el-

tapak → telapak

kupas → kelupas


-el-

tapak → telapak

kupas → kelupas


-k

-ku (genitive)
-kut (partitive)
-k (nominative singular)
-kud (nominative plural)
-k (accusative nominative singular)
-kud (accusative nominative plural)
-ku (accusative genitive singular)
-kud (accusative genitive plural)
-ku (genitive singular)
-kute (genitive plural)
-kut (partitive singular)
-kuid (partitive plural)
-kusse (illative singular)
-kutesse (illative plural)
-kuisse (illative plural)
-kus (inessive singular)
-kutes (inessive plural)
-kuis (inessive plural)
-kust (elative singular)
-kutest (elative plural)
-kuist (elative plural)
-kule (allative singular)
-kutele (allative plural)
-kuile (allative plural)
-kul (adessive singular)
-kutel (adessive plural)
-kuil (adessive plural)
-kult (ablative singular)
-kutelt (ablative plural)
-kuilt (ablative plural)
-kuks (singular translative)
-kuteks (plural translative)
-kuiks (plural translative)
-kuni (singular terminative)
-kuteni (plural terminative)
-kuna (essive singular)
-kutena (essive plural)
-kuta (abessive singular)
-kuteta (abessive plural)
-kuga (comitative singular)
-kutega (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *-kkoi. Cognate with Finnish -kko.

minema (“to go”) → minek (“a going”)

ründama (“to attack”) → rünnak (“an attack”)

Derives nouns from verbs, or sometimes from other nominals. The derivations can express the following:

õppima (“to study”) → õpik (“textbook”)


-k

-ki (genitive)
-kit (partitive)
-k (nominative singular)
-kid (nominative plural)
-k (accusative nominative singular)
-kid (accusative nominative plural)
-ki (accusative genitive singular)
-kid (accusative genitive plural)
-ki (genitive singular)
-kite (genitive plural)
-kit (partitive singular)
-keid (partitive plural)
-kisse (illative singular)
-kitesse (illative plural)
-keisse (illative plural)
-kis (inessive singular)
-kites (inessive plural)
-keis (inessive plural)
-kist (elative singular)
-kitest (elative plural)
-keist (elative plural)
-kile (allative singular)
-kitele (allative plural)
-keile (allative plural)
-kil (adessive singular)
-kitel (adessive plural)
-keil (adessive plural)
-kilt (ablative singular)
-kitelt (ablative plural)
-keilt (ablative plural)
-kiks (singular translative)
-kiteks (plural translative)
-keiks (plural translative)
-kini (singular terminative)
-kiteni (plural terminative)
-kina (essive singular)
-kitena (essive plural)
-kita (abessive singular)
-kiteta (abessive plural)
-kiga (comitative singular)
-kitega (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *-kkei. Cognate with Finnish -kki.

sõitma (“to drive”) → sõiduk (“vehicle”)

hõljuma (“to hover”) → hõljuk (“hovercraft”)

tõstma (“to raise”) → tõstuk (“lift”)

Derives nouns from verbs denoting an instrument of action.


-k

used on masculine nouns to form a diminutive


-k

Used to form diminutives of masculine nouns.


-k

uŕa- (“to be taller; to be longer”) + *-k → *uŕak (“far; long (time), late”)

Used to form intransitive-passive nouns.


-k

Finnish: -∅ (no visible spelling)

Possibly from Proto-Uralic *-k, but such a lative suffix may not have actually existed in Proto-Uralic; perhaps instead from Proto-Uralic *-ŋ.


-k

q

Estonian: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)

Finnish: -∅ (no visible spelling)

Ingrian: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)

Karelian: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)

Livonian: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change; imperative only)

Livvi: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)

Ludian: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)

Veps: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)

Võro: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change), -q (sometimes)

Votic: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change), -g (Eastern Votic)


-արան

-aran (romanization)
-արան (nominative singular)
-արաններ (nominative plural)
-արանի (dative singular)
-արանների (dative plural)
-արանից (ablative singular)
-արաններից (ablative plural)
-արանով (instrumental singular)
-արաններով (instrumental plural)
-արանում (locative singular)
-արաններում (locative plural)
-արանը (definite nominative singular)
-արանն (definite nominative singular)
-արանները (definite nominative plural)
-արաններն (definite nominative plural)
-արանին (dative definite singular)
-արաններին (dative definite plural)
-արանս (first-person nominative possessive singular)
-արաններս (first-person nominative plural possessive)
-արանիս (dative first-person possessive singular)
-արաններիս (dative first-person plural possessive)
-արանիցս (ablative first-person possessive singular)
-արաններիցս (ablative first-person plural possessive)
-արանովս (first-person instrumental possessive singular)
-արաններովս (first-person instrumental plural possessive)
-արանումս (first-person locative possessive singular)
-արաններումս (first-person locative plural possessive)
-արանդ (nominative possessive second-person singular)
-արաններդ (nominative plural possessive second-person)
-արանիդ (dative possessive second-person singular)
-արաններիդ (dative plural possessive second-person)
-արանիցդ (ablative possessive second-person singular)
-արաններիցդ (ablative plural possessive second-person)
-արանովդ (instrumental possessive second-person singular)
-արաններովդ (instrumental plural possessive second-person)
-արանումդ (locative possessive second-person singular)
-արաններումդ (locative plural possessive second-person)

hy-decl-noun

-արանը/-արանն

-արանները/-արաններն

-արաններումս

-արաններումդ

առողջ (aṙoġǰ, “healthy”) + -արան (-aran) → առողջարան (aṙoġǰaran, “sanatorium”)

forming nouns of places or containers; -ery, -arium


-արան

-aran (romanization)
-արան (nominative singular)
-արանք (nominative plural)
-արանի (genitive singular)
-արանաց (genitive plural)
-արանի (dative singular)
-արանաց (dative plural)
-արան (accusative singular)
-արանս (accusative plural)
-արանէ (ablative singular)
-արանաց (ablative plural)
-արանաւ (instrumental singular)
-արանի (locative singular)
-արանս (locative plural)

xcl-decl-noun

-արանաւք = -արանօք

Armenian: -արան (-aran)

From Iranian *-a-δan(a)-, from the stem element *-a- + *dana- (“place”).

գործ

գործարան ― gorcaran ― manufactory

դատ

դատարան ― dataran ― court of justice


mimo-

mimo- + jazda → mimojazdowy

avoidance, going around, going outside of


abba-

abba- + hagy (“to let, leave, allow”) → abbahagy (“to stop, cease, discontinue”)

Abbahagyta az iskolát.

(verbal prefix) Indicates an action that is no longer continued.


-szer

hét (“seven”) + -szer → hétszer (“seven times”)

mennyi (“how many”) + -szer → mennyiszer (“how many times”)

Már negyedszer látom ezt a filmet.

I'm seeing this movie for the fourth time.


-ször

öt (“five”) + -ször → ötször (“five times”)

több (“more”) + -ször → többször (“many times”)

Már ötödször látom ezt a filmet.

I'm seeing this movie for the fifth time.


-emia

From the New Latin combining form of Ancient Greek αἷμᾰ (haîmă), αἵμᾰτος (haímătos, “blood”).

(chiefly Canada, US) Alternative spelling of -aemia


-emia

it-noun

-emia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -emie)


-emia

-emia (nominative singular)
-emie (nominative plural)
-emii (genitive singular)
-emii (genitive plural)
-emij (archaic genitive plural)
-emii (dative singular)
-emiom (dative plural)
-emię (accusative singular)
-emie (accusative plural)
-emią (instrumental singular)
-emiami (instrumental plural)
-emii (locative singular)
-emiach (locative plural)
-emio (singular vocative)
-emie (plural vocative)

an- + -emia → anemia


-emia

pt-noun

-emia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -emias)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).

lbor

(pathology) -aemia (forms the names of conditions affecting the blood or the bloodstream)


-emia

From Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).


-եան

Probably from Iranian *-yān, a postvocalic variant of the pluralization suffix *-ān, whence -ան (-an). Alternatively, from Etymology 1, contaminated with the Iranian pluralization suffix.


-անք

Inherited from Old Armenian -անք (-ankʻ), the plural of -ան (-an).

inh+

Մեժլումանք ― Mežlumankʻ ― Mezhlum's

(dialectal) forming plural nouns from animate referents (compare -ենք (-enkʻ), -ոնք (-onkʻ), -ունք (-unkʻ))


-անք

-ankʻ (romanization)
-անք (nominative plural-only)
-անաց (genitive plural-only)
-անաց (dative plural-only)
-անս (accusative plural-only)
-անաց (ablative plural-only)
-անաւք = -անօք (-anawkʻ = -anōkʻ) (instrumental plural-only)
-անս (locative plural-only)

xcl-decl-noun-pl

-անաւք = -անօք

Armenian: -անք (-ankʻ)

From the verbal suffix -ան- (-an-) + -ք (-kʻ). Compare աղքատ-ան-ամ (ałkʻat-an-am) → աղքատանք (ałkʻatankʻ), գտ-ան-եմ (gt-an-em) → գտանք (gtankʻ).

աղաչեմ

աղաչանք

կալում

կալանք


-ակ

-ak (romanization)
-ակ (nominative singular)
-ակք (nominative plural)
-ակի (genitive singular)
-ակաց (genitive plural)
-ակի (dative singular)
-ակաց (dative plural)
-ակ (accusative singular)
-ակս (accusative plural)
-ակէ (ablative singular)
-ակաց (ablative plural)
-ակաւ (instrumental singular)
-ակաւք = -ակօք (-akawkʻ = -akōkʻ) (instrumental plural)
-ակի (locative singular)
-ակս (locative plural)

xcl-decl-noun

-ակաւք = -ակօք

Armenian: -ակ (-ak)

From Middle Iranian *-ak, from Proto-Iranian *-akah. The agent-noun-forming suffix is probably etymologically distinct and is borrowed from Middle Iranian *-āk; it is found in the following wholly borrowed terms: դերձակ (derjak), վարձակ (varjak), պատմուճակ (patmučak), նուիրակ (nuirak) and perhaps աւազակ (awazak).

գտանեմ

գտակ

լողամ

լողակ


-ածո

գտնել (gtnel, “to find”) + -ածո (-aco) → գտածո (gtaco, “a found thing”)

պահել (pahel, “to keep”) + -ածո (-aco) → պահածո (pahaco, “canned food”)

Forms nouns and adjectives with the meaning of a consequence of an action.


-de

From Middle High German -ede, from Old High German -ida, from Proto-Germanic *-iþō. Compare the equally rare doublet -te (from Low German). Cognate with Dutch -te, English -th.

gemein (“common”) + -de → Gemeinde (“community”)

(rare, not productive) forms abstract nouns from adjectives


-de

-de (nominative singular)
-dék (nominative plural)
-dét (accusative singular)
-déket (accusative plural)
-dének (dative singular)
-déknek (dative plural)
-dével (instrumental singular)
-dékkel (instrumental plural)
-déért (causal-final singular)
-dékért (causal-final plural)
-dévé (singular translative)
-dékké (plural translative)
-déig (singular terminative)
-dékig (plural terminative)
-deként (essive-formal singular)
-dékként (essive-formal plural)
-déül (essive-modal singular)
-dékül (essive-modal plural)
-dében (inessive singular)
-dékben (inessive plural)
-dén (singular superessive)
-déken (plural superessive)
-dénél (adessive singular)
-déknél (adessive plural)
-débe (illative singular)
-dékbe (illative plural)
-dére (singular sublative)
-dékre (plural sublative)
-déhez (allative singular)
-dékhez (allative plural)
-déből (elative singular)
-dékből (elative plural)
-déről (delative singular)
-dékről (delative plural)
-détől (ablative singular)
-déktől (ablative plural)
-déé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-déké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-dééi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-dékéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-dém (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
-déim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
-déd (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
-déid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
-déje (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
-déi (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
-dénk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
-déink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
-détek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
-déitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
-déjük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
-déik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

zene (“music”) + -de → zenede (“school of music”)

(noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun indicating the place of the action.


-de

From Middle Low German -ede, from Old Saxon -itha, from Proto-Germanic *-iþō. Cognate with Dutch -te, English -th.

hooch + -de → Hööchde

deep + -de → Deepde

eng + -de → Engde

lang (“long”) + -de → Längde (“length”)

appended to an adjective, it makes a feminine noun referring to the size of the quality referred to by the adjective, cognate to -th.

schamen + -de → Schaamde

bögen + -de → Böögde

appended to the stem of a verb, yields a feminine noun which refers to the object of such a verb.


-de

-dɨkue (affirmative feminine first-person masculine singular)
-ñedɨkue (feminine first-person masculine negative singular)
-itɨkue (affirmative feminine first-person masculine singular)
-ñeitɨkue (feminine first-person masculine negative singular)
-do (affirmative feminine masculine second-person singular)
-ñedo (feminine masculine negative second-person singular)
-ito (affirmative feminine masculine second-person singular)
-ñeito (feminine masculine negative second-person singular)
-dɨmɨe (affirmative masculine)
-dɨñaiño (affirmative feminine)
-ñedɨmɨe (masculine negative)
-ñedɨñaiño (feminine negative)
-itɨmɨe (affirmative masculine)
-itɨñaiño (affirmative feminine)
-ñeitɨmɨe (masculine negative)
-ñeitɨñaiño (feminine negative)
-dɨkoko (affirmative masculine)
-dɨkaɨñaɨ (affirmative feminine)
-ñedɨkoko (masculine negative)
-ñedɨkaɨñaɨ (feminine negative)
-itɨkoko (affirmative masculine)
-itɨkaɨñaɨ (affirmative feminine)
-ñeitɨkoko (masculine negative)
-ñeitɨkaɨñaɨ (feminine negative)
-domɨko (affirmative masculine)
-domɨñoɨ (affirmative feminine)
-ñedomɨko (masculine negative)
-ñedomɨñoɨ (feminine negative)
-itomɨko (affirmative masculine)
-itomɨñoɨ (affirmative feminine)
-ñeitomɨko (masculine negative)
-ñeitomɨñoɨ (feminine negative)
-daɨmaiaɨ (affirmative masculine)
-daɨñuaɨ (affirmative feminine)
-ñedaɨmaiaɨ (masculine negative)
-ñedaɨñuaɨ (feminine negative)
-itaɨmaiaɨ (affirmative masculine)
-itaɨñuaɨ (affirmative feminine)
-ñeitaɨmaiaɨ (masculine negative)
-ñeitaɨñuaɨ (feminine negative)
-dɨkaɨ (affirmative feminine first-person masculine plural)
-ñedɨkaɨ (feminine first-person masculine negative plural)
-itɨkaɨ (affirmative feminine first-person masculine plural)
-ñeitɨkaɨ (feminine first-person masculine negative plural)
-domoɨ (affirmative feminine masculine plural second-person)
-ñedomoɨ (feminine masculine negative plural second-person)
-itomoɨ (affirmative feminine masculine plural second-person)
-ñeitomoɨ (feminine masculine negative plural second-person)
-dɨmakɨ (affirmative feminine masculine)
-ñedɨmakɨ (feminine masculine negative)
-itɨmakɨ (affirmative feminine masculine)
-ñeitɨmakɨ (feminine masculine negative)
-de (affirmative feminine masculine)
-ñede (feminine masculine negative)
-ite (affirmative feminine masculine)
-ñeite (feminine masculine negative)
-no! (imperative)
-nokai! (affirmative imperative)
-ñeno! (affirmative imperative prohibitive)
-iza! (negative)
-ye (negative)
-ga (passive)
-yɨ (affirmative future passive)
-ñega (affirmative)
-ñeyɨ (future negative)
-kana (negative)
-ia (conditional)
-na (conditional)
-kaina (conditional)

Cognates include Minica Huitoto -de and Nüpode Huitoto -de.


-de

Inherited from Proto-Celtic *-adyos, cognate with Middle Welsh -eid.

Gréc (“Greek”, noun) + -de → grécdae (“Greek”, adjective)

Used to form adjectives from nouns, denoting quality, kind, origin or material.


-de

From Ottoman Turkish ـدا (-de, “locative suffix”), from Proto-Turkic *-te (“locative suffix”), front vowel variant of *-ta. Cognate with Karakhanid ـدا (-dē, “locative suffix”), Old Turkic 𐱅𐰀 (t²a /-te/, “locative suffix”).

cog

köy (“village”) + -de → köyde (“in/at village”)

beşte

kapanış saatinde


-eno

head

-eno m (feminine -ena, masculine plural -enos, feminine plural -enas)

-ena (feminine)
-enos (masculine plural)
-enas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -ēnus, an extended form of -nus (suffix used to form distributive/collective numerals). Cognate with Catalan -è.


-eca

hundo (“dog”) + -eca → hundeca (“doglike”)


lip-

Alternative form of lipo- (before a vowel)


audio-

From the root audi of Latin audiō (“I hear; I listen”) + -o-.
Cognates include Proto-Germanic *awiz (“obvious”), Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “manifestly, evidently”) and Ancient Greek αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “perceive, notice”) whence English aesthetic.


audio-

audio- + -graf → audiograf


-ike

From -i (diminutive suffix) + -ke (diminutive suffix).

af

őz (“roe deer”) + -ike → őzike (“fawn”)

(diminutive suffix) Added to a noun to express smallness, youth, or endearment.


-ár

váj (“to deepen”) + -ár → vájár (“collier, miner”)

(nominal-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun or an adjective indicating the place of the action or the doer or the result of the action.


-ár

klamať + -ár → klamár

suffix used to form agent nouns from verbs


-ály

-ály (nominative singular)
-ályok (nominative plural)
-ályt (accusative singular)
-ályokat (accusative plural)
-álynak (dative singular)
-ályoknak (dative plural)
-állyal (instrumental singular)
-ályokkal (instrumental plural)
-ályért (causal-final singular)
-ályokért (causal-final plural)
-állyá (singular translative)
-ályokká (plural translative)
-ályig (singular terminative)
-ályokig (plural terminative)
-ályként (essive-formal singular)
-ályokként (essive-formal plural)
-ályban (inessive singular)
-ályokban (inessive plural)
-ályon (singular superessive)
-ályokon (plural superessive)
-álynál (adessive singular)
-ályoknál (adessive plural)
-ályba (illative singular)
-ályokba (illative plural)
-ályra (singular sublative)
-ályokra (plural sublative)
-ályhoz (allative singular)
-ályokhoz (allative plural)
-ályból (elative singular)
-ályokból (elative plural)
-ályról (delative singular)
-ályokról (delative plural)
-álytól (ablative singular)
-ályoktól (ablative plural)
-ályé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-ályoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-ályéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-ályokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-ályom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
-ályaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
-ályod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
-ályaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
-álya (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
-ályai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
-ályunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
-ályaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
-ályotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
-ályaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
-ályuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
-ályaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

tart (“to hold, to contain”) + -ály → tartály (“container”)

(noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb or other parts of speech to form a noun indicating the thing doing the action. No longer productive.


-hetetlen

-hetetlen (nominative singular)
-hetetlenek (nominative plural)
-hetetlent (accusative singular)
-hetetleneket (accusative plural)
-hetetlennek (dative singular)
-hetetleneknek (dative plural)
-hetetlennel (instrumental singular)
-hetetlenekkel (instrumental plural)
-hetetlenért (causal-final singular)
-hetetlenekért (causal-final plural)
-hetetlenné (singular translative)
-hetetlenekké (plural translative)
-hetetlenig (singular terminative)
-hetetlenekig (plural terminative)
-hetetlenként (essive-formal singular)
-hetetlenekként (essive-formal plural)
-hetetlenül (essive-modal singular)
-hetetlenben (inessive singular)
-hetetlenekben (inessive plural)
-hetetlenen (singular superessive)
-hetetleneken (plural superessive)
-hetetlennél (adessive singular)
-hetetleneknél (adessive plural)
-hetetlenbe (illative singular)
-hetetlenekbe (illative plural)
-hetetlenre (singular sublative)
-hetetlenekre (plural sublative)
-hetetlenhez (allative singular)
-hetetlenekhez (allative plural)
-hetetlenből (elative singular)
-hetetlenekből (elative plural)
-hetetlenről (delative singular)
-hetetlenekről (delative plural)
-hetetlentől (ablative singular)
-hetetlenektől (ablative plural)
-hetetlené (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-hetetleneké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-hetetlenéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-hetetlenekéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)

From -het (potential suffix) + -etlen (“-less, un-, dis-”, privative suffix).

compound

ért (“to understand”) + -hetetlen → érthetetlen (“incomprehensible”)

mér (“to measure”) + -hetetlen → mérhetetlen (“unmeasurable”)

megfizet (“to pay”) + -hetetlen → megfizethetetlen (“priceless”)

(adjective-forming suffix) un- ... -able, ir- ... -able, -less (a compound suffix added to a verb to form an adjective)


-hatatlan

-hatatlan (nominative singular)
-hatatlanok (nominative plural)
-hatatlant (accusative singular)
-hatatlanokat (accusative plural)
-hatatlannak (dative singular)
-hatatlanoknak (dative plural)
-hatatlannal (instrumental singular)
-hatatlanokkal (instrumental plural)
-hatatlanért (causal-final singular)
-hatatlanokért (causal-final plural)
-hatatlanná (singular translative)
-hatatlanokká (plural translative)
-hatatlanig (singular terminative)
-hatatlanokig (plural terminative)
-hatatlanként (essive-formal singular)
-hatatlanokként (essive-formal plural)
-hatatlanul (essive-modal singular)
-hatatlanban (inessive singular)
-hatatlanokban (inessive plural)
-hatatlanon (singular superessive)
-hatatlanokon (plural superessive)
-hatatlannál (adessive singular)
-hatatlanoknál (adessive plural)
-hatatlanba (illative singular)
-hatatlanokba (illative plural)
-hatatlanra (singular sublative)
-hatatlanokra (plural sublative)
-hatatlanhoz (allative singular)
-hatatlanokhoz (allative plural)
-hatatlanból (elative singular)
-hatatlanokból (elative plural)
-hatatlanról (delative singular)
-hatatlanokról (delative plural)
-hatatlantól (ablative singular)
-hatatlanoktól (ablative plural)
-hatatlané (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-hatatlanoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-hatatlanéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-hatatlanokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)

From -hat (potential suffix) + -atlan (privative suffix).

megszámlál (“to count”) + -hatatlan → megszámlálhatatlan (“uncountable”)

pótol (“to replace”) + -hatatlan → pótolhatatlan (“irreplaceable”)

(adjective-forming suffix) un- ... -able, ir- ... -able (a compound suffix added to a verb to form an adjective)


-fest

From fest, from German Fest (“festival”).

snooze + -fest → snoozefest

slug + -fest → slugfest

action + -fest → actionfest

joke + -fest → jokefest

(informal) Appended to a noun to denote a thing, especially an event or artistic work, characterized by the noun's referent.


-xor

He's a real haxor, man.

(Internet slang) used in respelling words ending in -cker or -ker


-ոտ

կեղտ (keġt, “dirt”) + -ոտ (-ot) → կեղտոտ (keġtot, “dirty”)


-ոտ

Armenian: -ոտ (-ot)

Probably from հոտ (hot, “smell”), with the loss of h-, as in -ատ (-at). For the semantics, compare Ancient Greek -ώδης (-ṓdēs).


ön-

From the ö- stem of a Proto-Finno-Ugric third-person singular pronoun (present-day ő), with the obsolete pronoun suffix -n.

ön- + életrajz (“biography”) → önéletrajz (“autobiography”)