-ottaa

-ottaa (front vowel harmony variant -öttää, stem -otta-, linguistic notation -OttA- or -OttAA)

-öttää (front-vowel)
-otta- (stem)
-otan (first-person indicative positive present singular)
en -ota (first-person indicative negative present singular)
olen -ottanut (first-person indicative perfect positive singular)
en ole -ottanut (first-person indicative negative perfect singular)
-otat (indicative positive present second-person singular)
et -ota (indicative negative present second-person singular)
olet -ottanut (indicative perfect positive second-person singular)
et ole -ottanut (indicative negative perfect second-person singular)
-ottaa (indicative positive present singular third-person)
ei -ota (indicative negative present singular third-person)
on -ottanut (indicative perfect positive singular third-person)
ei ole -ottanut (indicative negative perfect singular third-person)
-otamme (first-person indicative plural positive present)
emme -ota (first-person indicative negative plural present)
olemme -ottaneet (first-person indicative perfect plural positive)
emme ole -ottaneet (first-person indicative negative perfect plural)
-otatte (indicative plural positive present second-person)
ette -ota (indicative negative plural present second-person)
olette -ottaneet (indicative perfect plural positive second-person)
ette ole -ottaneet (indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
-ottavat (indicative plural positive present third-person)
eivät -ota (indicative negative plural present third-person)
ovat -ottaneet (indicative perfect plural positive third-person)
eivät ole -ottaneet (indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
-otetaan (indicative passive positive present)
ei -oteta (indicative negative passive present)
on -otettu (indicative passive perfect positive)
ei ole -otettu (indicative negative passive perfect)
-otin (first-person indicative past positive singular)
en -ottanut (first-person indicative negative past singular)
olin -ottanut (first-person indicative pluperfect positive singular)
en ollut -ottanut (first-person indicative negative pluperfect singular)
-otit (indicative past positive second-person singular)
et -ottanut (indicative negative past second-person singular)
olit -ottanut (indicative pluperfect positive second-person singular)
et ollut -ottanut (indicative negative pluperfect second-person singular)
-otti (indicative past positive singular third-person)
ei -ottanut (indicative negative past singular third-person)
oli -ottanut (indicative pluperfect positive singular third-person)
ei ollut -ottanut (indicative negative pluperfect singular third-person)
-otimme (first-person indicative past plural positive)
emme -ottaneet (first-person indicative negative past plural)
olimme -ottaneet (first-person indicative pluperfect plural positive)
emme olleet -ottaneet (first-person indicative negative pluperfect plural)
-otitte (indicative past plural positive second-person)
ette -ottaneet (indicative negative past plural second-person)
olitte -ottaneet (indicative pluperfect plural positive second-person)
ette olleet -ottaneet (indicative negative pluperfect plural second-person)
-ottivat (indicative past plural positive third-person)
eivät -ottaneet (indicative negative past plural third-person)
olivat -ottaneet (indicative pluperfect plural positive third-person)
eivät olleet -ottaneet (indicative negative pluperfect plural third-person)
-otettiin (indicative passive past positive)
ei -otettu (indicative negative passive past)
oli -otettu (indicative passive pluperfect positive)
ei ollut -otettu (indicative negative passive pluperfect)
-ottaisin (conditional first-person positive present singular)
en -ottaisi (conditional first-person negative present singular)
olisin -ottanut (conditional first-person perfect positive singular)
en olisi -ottanut (conditional first-person negative perfect singular)
-ottaisit (conditional positive present second-person singular)
et -ottaisi (conditional negative present second-person singular)
olisit -ottanut (conditional perfect positive second-person singular)
et olisi -ottanut (conditional negative perfect second-person singular)
-ottaisi (conditional positive present singular third-person)
ei -ottaisi (conditional negative present singular third-person)
olisi -ottanut (conditional perfect positive singular third-person)
ei olisi -ottanut (conditional negative perfect singular third-person)
-ottaisimme (conditional first-person plural positive present)
emme -ottaisi (conditional first-person negative plural present)
olisimme -ottaneet (conditional first-person perfect plural positive)
emme olisi -ottaneet (conditional first-person negative perfect plural)
-ottaisitte (conditional plural positive present second-person)
ette -ottaisi (conditional negative plural present second-person)
olisitte -ottaneet (conditional perfect plural positive second-person)
ette olisi -ottaneet (conditional negative perfect plural second-person)
-ottaisivat (conditional plural positive present third-person)
eivät -ottaisi (conditional negative plural present third-person)
olisivat -ottaneet (conditional perfect plural positive third-person)
eivät olisi -ottaneet (conditional negative perfect plural third-person)
-otettaisiin (conditional passive positive present)
ei -otettaisi (conditional negative passive present)
olisi -otettu (conditional passive perfect positive)
ei olisi -otettu (conditional negative passive perfect)
-ota (imperative positive present second-person singular)
älä -ota (imperative negative present second-person singular)
-ottakoon (imperative positive present singular third-person)
älköön -ottako (imperative negative present singular third-person)
olkoon -ottanut (imperative perfect positive singular third-person)
älköön olko -ottanut (imperative negative perfect singular third-person)
-ottakaamme (first-person imperative plural positive present)
älkäämme -ottako (first-person imperative negative plural present)
-ottakaa (imperative plural positive present second-person)
älkää -ottako (imperative negative plural present second-person)
-ottakoot (imperative plural positive present third-person)
älkööt -ottako (imperative negative plural present third-person)
olkoot -ottaneet (imperative perfect plural positive third-person)
älkööt olko -ottaneet (imperative negative perfect plural third-person)
-otettakoon (imperative passive positive present)
älköön -otettako (imperative negative passive present)
olkoon -otettu (imperative passive perfect positive)
älköön olko -otettu (imperative negative passive perfect)
-ottanen (first-person positive potential present singular)
en -ottane (first-person negative potential present singular)
lienen -ottanut (first-person perfect positive potential singular)
en liene -ottanut (first-person negative perfect potential singular)
-ottanet (positive potential present second-person singular)
et -ottane (negative potential present second-person singular)
lienet -ottanut (perfect positive potential second-person singular)
et liene -ottanut (negative perfect potential second-person singular)
-ottanee (positive potential present singular third-person)
ei -ottane (negative potential present singular third-person)
lienee -ottanut (perfect positive potential singular third-person)
ei liene -ottanut (negative perfect potential singular third-person)
-ottanemme (first-person plural positive potential present)
emme -ottane (first-person negative plural potential present)
lienemme -ottaneet (first-person perfect plural positive potential)
emme liene -ottaneet (first-person negative perfect plural potential)
-ottanette (plural positive potential present second-person)
ette -ottane (negative plural potential present second-person)
lienette -ottaneet (perfect plural positive potential second-person)
ette liene -ottaneet (negative perfect plural potential second-person)
-ottanevat (plural positive potential present third-person)
eivät -ottane (negative plural potential present third-person)
lienevät -ottaneet (perfect plural positive potential third-person)
eivät liene -ottaneet (negative perfect plural potential third-person)
-otettaneen (passive positive potential present)
ei -otettane (negative passive potential present)
lienee -otettu (passive perfect positive potential)
ei liene -otettu (negative passive perfect potential)
-ottaa (infinitive infinitive-i)
-ottava (active participle present)
-otettava (participle passive present)
-ottaakseni (first-person possessive singular)
-ottaaksemme (first-person plural possessive)
-ottaaksesi (possessive second-person singular)
-ottaaksenne (plural possessive second-person)
-ottaakseen (possessive third-person)
-ottaaksensa (possessive third-person)
-ottanut (infinitive-i-long past)
-otettu (infinitive-i-long past)
-ottaessa (inessive second-person)
-otettaessa (inessive second-person)
-ottama (agent)
-ottaessani (first-person possessive singular)
-ottaessamme (first-person plural possessive)
-ottaessasi (possessive second-person singular)
-ottaessanne (plural possessive second-person)
-ottaessaan (possessive third-person)
-ottaessansa (possessive third-person)
-ottamaton (inessive negative second-person)
-ottaen (instructive second-person)
-ottamassa (inessive third-person)
-ottamasta (elative third-person)
-ottamaan (illative third-person)
-ottamalla (adessive third-person)
-ottamatta (abessive third-person)
-ottaman (instructive third-person)
-otettaman (instructive third-person)
-ottaminen (fourth-person noun-from-verb)
-ottamaisillani (first-person possessive singular)
-ottamaisillamme (first-person plural possessive)
-ottamaisillasi (possessive second-person singular)
-ottamaisillanne (plural possessive second-person)
-ottamaisillaan (possessive third-person)
-ottamaisillansa (possessive third-person)

Variant of -ttaa with a frequentative nuance.


-amh

From Old Irish -em, -am, from Proto-Celtic *-īmā (whence Welsh -i).


-यते

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *-yáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-yáti, from Proto-Indo-European *-yéti. Partial cognates with Ancient Greek -έω (-éō) and Latin -io.


-teràpia

ca-noun

-teràpia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -teràpies)

From Ancient Greek θεραπεία (therapeía, “service, medical treatment”), from θεραπεύω (therapeúō, “to serve, treat medically”).


-ஆர்

head

-ஆர் • (-ār)


-stomia

it-noun

-stomia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -stomie)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek στομία (stomía), from Ancient Greek στόμα (stóma).


rhiz-

Alternative form of rhizo- (before a vowel)


-కారి

From Sanskrit -कारी (-kārī), nominate singular of -कारिन् (-kārin, “doer, causer”).


-మారి

-er: a doer, one who commits, one who is accustomed to.


raditya

Javanese: ꦫꦢꦶꦠꦾ (raditya, “Sunday”)

→ Balinese: ᬋᬤᬶᬢᬾ (Redité, “Sunday”)

Affixed ra- + āditya, borrowed from Sanskrit आदित्य (āditya).

com

आदित्य (āditya)


-inki

-inki (nominative singular)
-ingit (nominative plural)
-inki (accusative nominative singular)
-ingit (accusative nominative plural)
-ingin (accusative genitive singular)
-ingit (accusative genitive plural)
-ingin (genitive singular)
-inkien (genitive plural)
-inkia (partitive singular)
-inkeja (partitive plural)
-ingissa (inessive singular)
-ingeissa (inessive plural)
-ingista (elative singular)
-ingeista (elative plural)
-inkiin (illative singular)
-inkeihin (illative plural)
-ingilla (adessive singular)
-ingeilla (adessive plural)
-ingilta (ablative singular)
-ingeilta (ablative plural)
-ingille (allative singular)
-ingeille (allative plural)
-inkina (essive singular)
-inkeina (essive plural)
-ingiksi (singular translative)
-ingeiksi (plural translative)
-ingitta (abessive singular)
-ingeitta (abessive plural)
-ingein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-inkini (nominative singular)
-inkini (nominative plural)
-inkini (accusative nominative singular)
-inkini (accusative nominative plural)
-inkini (accusative genitive singular)
-inkini (accusative genitive plural)
-inkini (genitive singular)
-inkieni (genitive plural)
-inkiani (partitive singular)
-inkejani (partitive plural)
-ingissani (inessive singular)
-ingeissani (inessive plural)
-ingistani (elative singular)
-ingeistani (elative plural)
-inkiini (illative singular)
-inkeihini (illative plural)
-ingillani (adessive singular)
-ingeillani (adessive plural)
-ingiltani (ablative singular)
-ingeiltani (ablative plural)
-ingilleni (allative singular)
-ingeilleni (allative plural)
-inkinani (essive singular)
-inkeinani (essive plural)
-ingikseni (singular translative)
-ingeikseni (plural translative)
-ingittani (abessive singular)
-ingeittani (abessive plural)
-inkeineni (comitative plural)
-inkisi (nominative singular)
-inkisi (nominative plural)
-inkisi (accusative nominative singular)
-inkisi (accusative nominative plural)
-inkisi (accusative genitive singular)
-inkisi (accusative genitive plural)
-inkisi (genitive singular)
-inkiesi (genitive plural)
-inkiasi (partitive singular)
-inkejasi (partitive plural)
-ingissasi (inessive singular)
-ingeissasi (inessive plural)
-ingistasi (elative singular)
-ingeistasi (elative plural)
-inkiisi (illative singular)
-inkeihisi (illative plural)
-ingillasi (adessive singular)
-ingeillasi (adessive plural)
-ingiltasi (ablative singular)
-ingeiltasi (ablative plural)
-ingillesi (allative singular)
-ingeillesi (allative plural)
-inkinasi (essive singular)
-inkeinasi (essive plural)
-ingiksesi (singular translative)
-ingeiksesi (plural translative)
-ingittasi (abessive singular)
-ingeittasi (abessive plural)
-inkeinesi (comitative plural)
-inkimme (nominative singular)
-inkimme (nominative plural)
-inkimme (accusative nominative singular)
-inkimme (accusative nominative plural)
-inkimme (accusative genitive singular)
-inkimme (accusative genitive plural)
-inkimme (genitive singular)
-inkiemme (genitive plural)
-inkiamme (partitive singular)
-inkejamme (partitive plural)
-ingissamme (inessive singular)
-ingeissamme (inessive plural)
-ingistamme (elative singular)
-ingeistamme (elative plural)
-inkiimme (illative singular)
-inkeihimme (illative plural)
-ingillamme (adessive singular)
-ingeillamme (adessive plural)
-ingiltamme (ablative singular)
-ingeiltamme (ablative plural)
-ingillemme (allative singular)
-ingeillemme (allative plural)
-inkinamme (essive singular)
-inkeinamme (essive plural)
-ingiksemme (singular translative)
-ingeiksemme (plural translative)
-ingittamme (abessive singular)
-ingeittamme (abessive plural)
-inkeinemme (comitative plural)
-inkinne (nominative singular)
-inkinne (nominative plural)
-inkinne (accusative nominative singular)
-inkinne (accusative nominative plural)
-inkinne (accusative genitive singular)
-inkinne (accusative genitive plural)
-inkinne (genitive singular)
-inkienne (genitive plural)
-inkianne (partitive singular)
-inkejanne (partitive plural)
-ingissanne (inessive singular)
-ingeissanne (inessive plural)
-ingistanne (elative singular)
-ingeistanne (elative plural)
-inkiinne (illative singular)
-inkeihinne (illative plural)
-ingillanne (adessive singular)
-ingeillanne (adessive plural)
-ingiltanne (ablative singular)
-ingeiltanne (ablative plural)
-ingillenne (allative singular)
-ingeillenne (allative plural)
-inkinanne (essive singular)
-inkeinanne (essive plural)
-ingiksenne (singular translative)
-ingeiksenne (plural translative)
-ingittanne (abessive singular)
-ingeittanne (abessive plural)
-inkeinenne (comitative plural)
-inkinsa (nominative singular)
-inkinsa (nominative plural)
-inkinsa (accusative nominative singular)
-inkinsa (accusative nominative plural)
-inkinsa (accusative genitive singular)
-inkinsa (accusative genitive plural)
-inkinsa (genitive singular)
-inkiensa (genitive plural)
-inkiaan (partitive singular)
-inkiansa (partitive singular)
-inkejaan (partitive plural)
-inkejansa (partitive plural)
-ingissaan (inessive singular)
-ingissansa (inessive singular)
-ingeissaan (inessive plural)
-ingeissansa (inessive plural)
-ingistaan (elative singular)
-ingistansa (elative singular)
-ingeistaan (elative plural)
-ingeistansa (elative plural)
-inkiinsa (illative singular)
-inkeihinsa (illative plural)
-ingillaan (adessive singular)
-ingillansa (adessive singular)
-ingeillaan (adessive plural)
-ingeillansa (adessive plural)
-ingiltaan (ablative singular)
-ingiltansa (ablative singular)
-ingeiltaan (ablative plural)
-ingeiltansa (ablative plural)
-ingilleen (allative singular)
-ingillensa (allative singular)
-ingeilleen (allative plural)
-ingeillensa (allative plural)
-inkinaan (essive singular)
-inkinansa (essive singular)
-inkeinaan (essive plural)
-inkeinansa (essive plural)
-ingikseen (singular translative)
-ingiksensa (singular translative)
-ingeikseen (plural translative)
-ingeiksensa (plural translative)
-ingittaan (abessive singular)
-ingittansa (abessive singular)
-ingeittaan (abessive plural)
-ingeittansa (abessive plural)
-inkeineen (comitative plural)
-inkeinensa (comitative plural)
-inki (nominative singular)
-ingit (nominative plural)
-inki (accusative nominative singular)
-ingit (accusative nominative plural)
-ingin (accusative genitive singular)
-ingit (accusative genitive plural)
-ingin (genitive singular)
-inkien (genitive plural)
-inkiä (partitive singular)
-inkejä (partitive plural)
-ingissä (inessive singular)
-ingeissä (inessive plural)
-ingistä (elative singular)
-ingeistä (elative plural)
-inkiin (illative singular)
-inkeihin (illative plural)
-ingillä (adessive singular)
-ingeillä (adessive plural)
-ingiltä (ablative singular)
-ingeiltä (ablative plural)
-ingille (allative singular)
-ingeille (allative plural)
-inkinä (essive singular)
-inkeinä (essive plural)
-ingiksi (singular translative)
-ingeiksi (plural translative)
-ingittä (abessive singular)
-ingeittä (abessive plural)
-ingein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-inkini (nominative singular)
-inkini (nominative plural)
-inkini (accusative nominative singular)
-inkini (accusative nominative plural)
-inkini (accusative genitive singular)
-inkini (accusative genitive plural)
-inkini (genitive singular)
-inkieni (genitive plural)
-inkiäni (partitive singular)
-inkejäni (partitive plural)
-ingissäni (inessive singular)
-ingeissäni (inessive plural)
-ingistäni (elative singular)
-ingeistäni (elative plural)
-inkiini (illative singular)
-inkeihini (illative plural)
-ingilläni (adessive singular)
-ingeilläni (adessive plural)
-ingiltäni (ablative singular)
-ingeiltäni (ablative plural)
-ingilleni (allative singular)
-ingeilleni (allative plural)
-inkinäni (essive singular)
-inkeinäni (essive plural)
-ingikseni (singular translative)
-ingeikseni (plural translative)
-ingittäni (abessive singular)
-ingeittäni (abessive plural)
-inkeineni (comitative plural)
-inkisi (nominative singular)
-inkisi (nominative plural)
-inkisi (accusative nominative singular)
-inkisi (accusative nominative plural)
-inkisi (accusative genitive singular)
-inkisi (accusative genitive plural)
-inkisi (genitive singular)
-inkiesi (genitive plural)
-inkiäsi (partitive singular)
-inkejäsi (partitive plural)
-ingissäsi (inessive singular)
-ingeissäsi (inessive plural)
-ingistäsi (elative singular)
-ingeistäsi (elative plural)
-inkiisi (illative singular)
-inkeihisi (illative plural)
-ingilläsi (adessive singular)
-ingeilläsi (adessive plural)
-ingiltäsi (ablative singular)
-ingeiltäsi (ablative plural)
-ingillesi (allative singular)
-ingeillesi (allative plural)
-inkinäsi (essive singular)
-inkeinäsi (essive plural)
-ingiksesi (singular translative)
-ingeiksesi (plural translative)
-ingittäsi (abessive singular)
-ingeittäsi (abessive plural)
-inkeinesi (comitative plural)
-inkimme (nominative singular)
-inkimme (nominative plural)
-inkimme (accusative nominative singular)
-inkimme (accusative nominative plural)
-inkimme (accusative genitive singular)
-inkimme (accusative genitive plural)
-inkimme (genitive singular)
-inkiemme (genitive plural)
-inkiämme (partitive singular)
-inkejämme (partitive plural)
-ingissämme (inessive singular)
-ingeissämme (inessive plural)
-ingistämme (elative singular)
-ingeistämme (elative plural)
-inkiimme (illative singular)
-inkeihimme (illative plural)
-ingillämme (adessive singular)
-ingeillämme (adessive plural)
-ingiltämme (ablative singular)
-ingeiltämme (ablative plural)
-ingillemme (allative singular)
-ingeillemme (allative plural)
-inkinämme (essive singular)
-inkeinämme (essive plural)
-ingiksemme (singular translative)
-ingeiksemme (plural translative)
-ingittämme (abessive singular)
-ingeittämme (abessive plural)
-inkeinemme (comitative plural)
-inkinne (nominative singular)
-inkinne (nominative plural)
-inkinne (accusative nominative singular)
-inkinne (accusative nominative plural)
-inkinne (accusative genitive singular)
-inkinne (accusative genitive plural)
-inkinne (genitive singular)
-inkienne (genitive plural)
-inkiänne (partitive singular)
-inkejänne (partitive plural)
-ingissänne (inessive singular)
-ingeissänne (inessive plural)
-ingistänne (elative singular)
-ingeistänne (elative plural)
-inkiinne (illative singular)
-inkeihinne (illative plural)
-ingillänne (adessive singular)
-ingeillänne (adessive plural)
-ingiltänne (ablative singular)
-ingeiltänne (ablative plural)
-ingillenne (allative singular)
-ingeillenne (allative plural)
-inkinänne (essive singular)
-inkeinänne (essive plural)
-ingiksenne (singular translative)
-ingeiksenne (plural translative)
-ingittänne (abessive singular)
-ingeittänne (abessive plural)
-inkeinenne (comitative plural)
-inkinsä (nominative singular)
-inkinsä (nominative plural)
-inkinsä (accusative nominative singular)
-inkinsä (accusative nominative plural)
-inkinsä (accusative genitive singular)
-inkinsä (accusative genitive plural)
-inkinsä (genitive singular)
-inkiensä (genitive plural)
-inkiään (partitive singular)
-inkiänsä (partitive singular)
-inkejään (partitive plural)
-inkejänsä (partitive plural)
-ingissään (inessive singular)
-ingissänsä (inessive singular)
-ingeissään (inessive plural)
-ingeissänsä (inessive plural)
-ingistään (elative singular)
-ingistänsä (elative singular)
-ingeistään (elative plural)
-ingeistänsä (elative plural)
-inkiinsä (illative singular)
-inkeihinsä (illative plural)
-ingillään (adessive singular)
-ingillänsä (adessive singular)
-ingeillään (adessive plural)
-ingeillänsä (adessive plural)
-ingiltään (ablative singular)
-ingiltänsä (ablative singular)
-ingeiltään (ablative plural)
-ingeiltänsä (ablative plural)
-ingilleen (allative singular)
-ingillensä (allative singular)
-ingeilleen (allative plural)
-ingeillensä (allative plural)
-inkinään (essive singular)
-inkinänsä (essive singular)
-inkeinään (essive plural)
-inkeinänsä (essive plural)
-ingikseen (singular translative)
-ingiksensä (singular translative)
-ingeikseen (plural translative)
-ingeiksensä (plural translative)
-ingittään (abessive singular)
-ingittänsä (abessive singular)
-ingeittään (abessive plural)
-ingeittänsä (abessive plural)
-inkeineen (comitative plural)
-inkeinensä (comitative plural)

The -i- was re-extracted from stems, particularly -ia verbs.


-inko

head

-inko (front vowel harmony variant -inkö, linguistic notation -inkO)

-inkö (front-vowel)
-inko (nominative singular)
-ingot (nominative plural)
-inko (accusative nominative singular)
-ingot (accusative nominative plural)
-ingon (accusative genitive singular)
-ingot (accusative genitive plural)
-ingon (genitive singular)
-inkojen (genitive plural)
-inkoa (partitive singular)
-inkoja (partitive plural)
-ingossa (inessive singular)
-ingoissa (inessive plural)
-ingosta (elative singular)
-ingoista (elative plural)
-inkoon (illative singular)
-inkoihin (illative plural)
-ingolla (adessive singular)
-ingoilla (adessive plural)
-ingolta (ablative singular)
-ingoilta (ablative plural)
-ingolle (allative singular)
-ingoille (allative plural)
-inkona (essive singular)
-inkoina (essive plural)
-ingoksi (singular translative)
-ingoiksi (plural translative)
-ingotta (abessive singular)
-ingoitta (abessive plural)
-ingoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-inkoni (nominative singular)
-inkoni (nominative plural)
-inkoni (accusative nominative singular)
-inkoni (accusative nominative plural)
-inkoni (accusative genitive singular)
-inkoni (accusative genitive plural)
-inkoni (genitive singular)
-inkojeni (genitive plural)
-inkoani (partitive singular)
-inkojani (partitive plural)
-ingossani (inessive singular)
-ingoissani (inessive plural)
-ingostani (elative singular)
-ingoistani (elative plural)
-inkooni (illative singular)
-inkoihini (illative plural)
-ingollani (adessive singular)
-ingoillani (adessive plural)
-ingoltani (ablative singular)
-ingoiltani (ablative plural)
-ingolleni (allative singular)
-ingoilleni (allative plural)
-inkonani (essive singular)
-inkoinani (essive plural)
-ingokseni (singular translative)
-ingoikseni (plural translative)
-ingottani (abessive singular)
-ingoittani (abessive plural)
-inkoineni (comitative plural)
-inkosi (nominative singular)
-inkosi (nominative plural)
-inkosi (accusative nominative singular)
-inkosi (accusative nominative plural)
-inkosi (accusative genitive singular)
-inkosi (accusative genitive plural)
-inkosi (genitive singular)
-inkojesi (genitive plural)
-inkoasi (partitive singular)
-inkojasi (partitive plural)
-ingossasi (inessive singular)
-ingoissasi (inessive plural)
-ingostasi (elative singular)
-ingoistasi (elative plural)
-inkoosi (illative singular)
-inkoihisi (illative plural)
-ingollasi (adessive singular)
-ingoillasi (adessive plural)
-ingoltasi (ablative singular)
-ingoiltasi (ablative plural)
-ingollesi (allative singular)
-ingoillesi (allative plural)
-inkonasi (essive singular)
-inkoinasi (essive plural)
-ingoksesi (singular translative)
-ingoiksesi (plural translative)
-ingottasi (abessive singular)
-ingoittasi (abessive plural)
-inkoinesi (comitative plural)
-inkomme (nominative singular)
-inkomme (nominative plural)
-inkomme (accusative nominative singular)
-inkomme (accusative nominative plural)
-inkomme (accusative genitive singular)
-inkomme (accusative genitive plural)
-inkomme (genitive singular)
-inkojemme (genitive plural)
-inkoamme (partitive singular)
-inkojamme (partitive plural)
-ingossamme (inessive singular)
-ingoissamme (inessive plural)
-ingostamme (elative singular)
-ingoistamme (elative plural)
-inkoomme (illative singular)
-inkoihimme (illative plural)
-ingollamme (adessive singular)
-ingoillamme (adessive plural)
-ingoltamme (ablative singular)
-ingoiltamme (ablative plural)
-ingollemme (allative singular)
-ingoillemme (allative plural)
-inkonamme (essive singular)
-inkoinamme (essive plural)
-ingoksemme (singular translative)
-ingoiksemme (plural translative)
-ingottamme (abessive singular)
-ingoittamme (abessive plural)
-inkoinemme (comitative plural)
-inkonne (nominative singular)
-inkonne (nominative plural)
-inkonne (accusative nominative singular)
-inkonne (accusative nominative plural)
-inkonne (accusative genitive singular)
-inkonne (accusative genitive plural)
-inkonne (genitive singular)
-inkojenne (genitive plural)
-inkoanne (partitive singular)
-inkojanne (partitive plural)
-ingossanne (inessive singular)
-ingoissanne (inessive plural)
-ingostanne (elative singular)
-ingoistanne (elative plural)
-inkoonne (illative singular)
-inkoihinne (illative plural)
-ingollanne (adessive singular)
-ingoillanne (adessive plural)
-ingoltanne (ablative singular)
-ingoiltanne (ablative plural)
-ingollenne (allative singular)
-ingoillenne (allative plural)
-inkonanne (essive singular)
-inkoinanne (essive plural)
-ingoksenne (singular translative)
-ingoiksenne (plural translative)
-ingottanne (abessive singular)
-ingoittanne (abessive plural)
-inkoinenne (comitative plural)
-inkonsa (nominative singular)
-inkonsa (nominative plural)
-inkonsa (accusative nominative singular)
-inkonsa (accusative nominative plural)
-inkonsa (accusative genitive singular)
-inkonsa (accusative genitive plural)
-inkonsa (genitive singular)
-inkojensa (genitive plural)
-inkoaan (partitive singular)
-inkoansa (partitive singular)
-inkojaan (partitive plural)
-inkojansa (partitive plural)
-ingossaan (inessive singular)
-ingossansa (inessive singular)
-ingoissaan (inessive plural)
-ingoissansa (inessive plural)
-ingostaan (elative singular)
-ingostansa (elative singular)
-ingoistaan (elative plural)
-ingoistansa (elative plural)
-inkoonsa (illative singular)
-inkoihinsa (illative plural)
-ingollaan (adessive singular)
-ingollansa (adessive singular)
-ingoillaan (adessive plural)
-ingoillansa (adessive plural)
-ingoltaan (ablative singular)
-ingoltansa (ablative singular)
-ingoiltaan (ablative plural)
-ingoiltansa (ablative plural)
-ingolleen (allative singular)
-ingollensa (allative singular)
-ingoilleen (allative plural)
-ingoillensa (allative plural)
-inkonaan (essive singular)
-inkonansa (essive singular)
-inkoinaan (essive plural)
-inkoinansa (essive plural)
-ingokseen (singular translative)
-ingoksensa (singular translative)
-ingoikseen (plural translative)
-ingoiksensa (plural translative)
-ingottaan (abessive singular)
-ingottansa (abessive singular)
-ingoittaan (abessive plural)
-ingoittansa (abessive plural)
-inkoineen (comitative plural)
-inkoinensa (comitative plural)


-pilled

en-adj

-pilled (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -pilled, superlative most -pilled)

more -pilled (comparative)
most -pilled (superlative)

Influenced by redpilled, blackpilled, etc. whose stems refer to the colour of the notional pill rather than their actual effects.

bread + -pilled → breadpilled (referring to The Conquest of Bread and anarcho-communism)

No longer simply an allegory for the trans experience in the Matrix, or right wing radicalisation on shady corners of the internet, the 'pilled' suffix has moved beyond internet-speak and has become a part of our everyday vernacular. Have you discovered the benefits of fish oil? You're fish oil-pilled. Are you fangirling over Rihanna? You're Riri-pilled. Are you obsessed with the salacious dynamic between Euphoria's Maddy and Cassie? You're bitchpilled.

[2022 June 3, Günseli Yalcinkaya, “Are you content? How the internet rewired our brains”, in Dazed, archived from the original on 2022-12-16:

Like a lot of the online-pilled, my brain has been rotted by memes, which have become cornerstones of the way I talk to my friends who suffer from the same affliction.

2023 January 9, Lauren O'Neil, “I Simply Love To Put A Little 'X' After Everything”, in Refinery29, archived from the original on 2023-01-16:

By merely looking at a pie, I can tell you whether the cornicione is too puffy or just right, if the crust could use a bit more leoparding, and whether the dough should have spent another day in the fridge. I am now, in a word, pizza-pilled.

2023 January 13, Saahil Desai, “You Don't Know How Bad the Pizza Box Is”, in The Atlantic, archived from the original on 2023-01-16:

The social media app, in which users are encouraged to log, rate, and review every movie they’re watching and have ever watched, has in recent years become the social platform du jour. Martin Scorsese is Letterboxd-pilled.

2024 February 29, Jack King, “Why everyone you know is suddenly a Letterboxd head”, in GQ:

(originally 4chan slang) Forming adjectives denoting dedication to or a heightened awareness of something.


-xan

This suffix is commonly used in various animal, color names etc.


ⲗⲁ-

Perhaps from Egyptian nj (“belonging to, possessing”) n:y.

inh

(Sahidic, Bohairic) denominative prefix forming adjectives meaning possessing, endowed with


-arella

it-noun

-arella f (noun-forming suffix, plural -arelle)

cacare (“to shit”) + -arella → cacarella (“diarrhea”)

pisciare (“to piss”) + -arella → pisciarella (“overactive bladder”)

tremare (“to shake”) + -arella → tremarella (“tremor”)

sudare (“to sweat”) + -arella → sudarella (“hyperhidrosis”)

(uncountable) Forms nouns of diseases or situations with compulsory action of the verb.


-samaz

-samaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
-samai (masculine nominative plural strong)
-samō (feminine nominative singular strong)
-samôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
-samą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
-samō (neuter nominative plural strong)
-samanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
-samanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
-samǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
-samōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
-samą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
-samō (accusative neuter plural strong)
-samas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-samis (genitive masculine singular strong)
-samaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
-samaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
-samaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
-samas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-samis (genitive neuter singular strong)
-samaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
-samammai (dative masculine singular strong)
-samaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
-samaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
-samaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
-samammai (dative neuter singular strong)
-samaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
-samanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
-samaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
-samaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
-samaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
-samanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
-samaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
-samô (masculine nominative singular weak)
-samaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
-samǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
-samōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
-samô (neuter nominative singular weak)
-samōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
-samanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
-samanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
-samōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
-samōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
-samô (accusative neuter singular weak)
-samōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
-saminiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
-samanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
-samōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
-samōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
-saminiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
-samanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
-samini (dative masculine singular weak)
-samammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
-samōni (dative feminine singular weak)
-samōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
-samini (dative neuter singular weak)
-samammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
-saminē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
-samammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
-samōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
-samōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
-saminē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
-samammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *-sam
Old English: -sum
Middle English: -sum, -som, -some
English: -some
Scots: -some
Old Frisian: -sam
Saterland Frisian: -soam
West Frisian: -sum
Old Saxon: -sam
Middle Low German: -sam
German Low German: -saam
Old Dutch: -sam
Middle Dutch: -sam
Dutch: -zaam
Old High German: -sam
Middle High German: -sam
German: -sam

Old Norse: -samr

Icelandic: -samur

Faroese: -samur

Norwegian: -som

Swedish: -sam

Danish: -som

Gothic: -𐍃𐌰𐌼𐍃 (-sams)

-some. Forms adjectives from nouns and adjectives expressing similarity or the possession of a quality.


-щина

head

-щи́на • (-ščína)

-щи́на (canonical)
-ščína (romanization)
-щи́на (nominative singular)
-щи́ны (nominative plural)
-щи́ны (genitive singular)
-щи́н (genitive plural)
-щи́не (dative singular)
-щи́нам (dative plural)
-щи́ну (accusative singular)
-щи́н (accusative plural)
-щи́ной (instrumental singular)
-щи́ною (instrumental singular)
-щи́нами (instrumental plural)
-щи́не (prepositional singular)
-щи́нах (plural prepositional)

дед (ded, “grandfather, an experienced soldier”) + -щина (-ščina) → дедовщи́на (dedovščína, “dedovshchina, hazing”)

ба́рин (bárin, “nobleman, a boyar”) + -щина (-ščina) → ба́рщина (bárščina, “corvee”)

Suffix added to stems to show that it is a collective or a condition; -hood, -dom, -ness, -ism


-minci

From a compound of Proto-Turkic *-m (“ordinal suffix”) + Proto-Turkic *-inč (“ordinal suffix”). Cognate with Chuvash -мӗш (-mĕš).


rea-

Clipping of reaktionsmotor (“reaction engine”).


-zaur

-zaur (nominative singular)
-zaury (nominative plural)
-zaura (genitive singular)
-zaurów (genitive plural)
-zaurowi (dative singular)
-zaurom (dative plural)
-zaura (accusative singular)
-zaury (accusative plural)
-zaurem (instrumental singular)
-zaurami (instrumental plural)
-zaurze (locative singular)
-zaurach (locative plural)
-zaurze (singular vocative)
-zaury (plural vocative)

Derived from Ancient Greek σαῦρος (saûros).


-olъ

-olъ (nominative singular)
-ola (dual nominative)
-oli (nominative plural)
-ola (genitive singular)
-olu (dual genitive)
-olъ (genitive plural)
-olu (dative singular)
-oloma (dative dual)
-olomъ (dative plural)
-olъ (accusative singular)
-ola (accusative dual)
-oly (accusative plural)
-olъmь (instrumental singular)
-olomь (instrumental singular)
-oloma (dual instrumental)
-oly (instrumental plural)
-olě (locative singular)
-olu (dual locative)
-olěxъ (locative plural)
-ole (singular vocative)
-ola (dual vocative)
-oli (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-alas. Cognates include Lithuanian -alas.

inh+

gogotati (“to make a go! go! sound”) → *gogolъ (“wild duck”)

sokotati (“about the sounds of birds”) → *sokolъ (“falcon”)

vьrxъ (“summit, peak”) → *vьrxolъ (“summit, peak”)

kosa (“hair”) → *kosolъ (“crest, topknot”)


umadum-

umadum- + foan (“drive, ride”) → umadumfoan (“drive, ride without a destination”)


ainisi-

From Ancient Greek ἄνισος (ánisos, “unequal”).


-ইয়া

head

-ইয়া • (-iẏa)

Inherited from Sanskrit -ईय (-īya) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-).

ঢাকা (ḍhaka, “Dhaka”) + -ইয়া (-iẏa) → ঢাকাইয়া (ḍhakaiẏa, adjective)

(in adjectives) coming from, related to, like


-내

From Middle Korean 내〯 (-nǎy). See 내 (nae, “through, throughout”), the adverb form.

겨울 (gyeoul, “winter”) + 내 (-nae) → 겨우내 (gyeounae, “throughout the winter”)


-tı

al- (“to take”) + -ın- (“to take offense”) + -tı → alıntı (“quotation, citation”)

kaşı- (“transitive; to itch, scratch”) + -n- (“reflexive; to itch, to scratch oneself”) + -tı → kaşıntı (“itch, itchiness”)

gez- (“to wander around, to travel”) + -in- (“to wander around, to walk about”) + -ti → gezinti (“stroll, trip”)

gör- (“to see”) + -ün- (“to appear, to come in sight”) + -tü → görüntü (“image, sight, view”)

sık- (“to squeeze, to bore”) + -ın- (“to strain oneself, to force oneself”) + -tı → sıkıntı (“boredom, distress, annoyance”)

çırp- (“to clap, to beat, to whip”) + -ın- (“to struggle, to flutter”) + -tı → çırpıntı (“fluttering, shaking”)

sığ- (“to fit in, to squeeze in”) + -ın- (“to take refuge in, to take shelter in”) + -tı → sığıntı (“a person whose stay is unwanted or unwelcome”)

sapla- (“to stab, to dig into, to jab”) + -n- (“to sink into, to be stuck in”) + -tı → saplantı (“obsession, fixation”)

eğle- (“transitive; to stall, to keep waiting”) + -n- (“to have fun, to enjoy oneself, to wait somewhere”) + -ti → eğlenti (“party, enjoyable meeting”)

kur- (“to set, to build”) + -un- (“to make up (in mind), to form ideas”) + -tu → kuruntu (“wild fancy, delusion”)

söyle- (“to say, to tell”) + -n- (“to talk to oneself, to complain”) + -ti → söylenti (“rumor”)

Derives nouns from verbs, of a result or product of the action, with the suffix -n, which derives Reflexive forms of verbs.

çök- (“to collapse, to cave in”) + -ün- + -tü → çöküntü (“collapse, breakdown”) ("çökünmek" does not exist in modern Turkish. Compare with چوكنمك (t͡ʃœ.cyn.mec) in Ottoman Turkish.)

çöz- (“to solve, to untangle, to dissolve”) + -el- + -ti → çözelti (“solution, resulting substance of dissolution”) (Derived through false analogy to çökmek into çökelmek into çökelti; "çözelmek" does not exist as a separate verb.)

ak- (“to flow”) + -ın- + -tı → akıntı (“flow, current, stream”)

ayır- (“to separate, to split”) + -ın- + -tı → ayrıntı (“detail”)

üz- (“to upset, to aggrieve”) + -ün- + -tü → üzüntü (“sorrow, grief”)

sız- (“to leak, to ooze”) + -ın- + -tı → sızıntı (“leak, leakage”)

sars- (“to shake, to jolt”) + -ın- + -tı → sarsıntı (“shake, concussion, shock”)

bekle- (“to wait, to expect”) + -n- + -ti → beklenti (“expectation”)

Some verb roots either do not have Reflexive forms due to being New Turkish words derived through false analogy or these forms fell off use in modern Turkish.

çıt (“click or crack sound”) + -ır- + -tı → çıtırtı (“clicking, cracking”)

fıs (“soft hiss sound”) + -ıl- + -tı → fısıltı (“whisper, whispering”)

gür (“rumble or clatter sound”) + -ül- + -tü → gürültü (“noise, rumbling”)

mır (“murmur sound”) + -ıl- + -tı → mırıltı (“murmuring, mumbling”)

Derives onomatopoeic nouns, with suffixes -ır or -ıl, which derive onomatopoeic verbs in Turkic dialects.

kara (“black”) + -ar- (“to turn black”) + -tı → karartı (“darkness, blackness, shadow”)

ak (“white, light”) + -ar- (“to turn white”) + -tı → ağartı (“whitening, breaking of dawn”)

mor (“purple”) + -ar- (“to turn purple”) + -tı → morartı (“bruise, a purplish spot”)

Derives nouns with the suffix -ar, which derives intransitive verbs from the names of colors, of an area that turns that color.


-atë

Found suffixed exclusively to verbs loaned from Latin verbs in the first conjugation, -ō, -āre, hence likely itself borrowed from Latin -āta n pl (“-ed things”). Compare gjykatë (“court”), akin to Romanian judecată (“judgement; court”), and note also Italian -ata often used found in the same deverbal scope.

bor+

kafshoj (“to bite”) + -atë → kafshatë (“bite”)

kungoj (“to give communion”) + -atë → kungatë (“Eucharist”).

dhuroj (“to give”) + -atë → dhuratë (“gift”)

mërgoj (“to emigrate”) + -atë → mërgatë (“diaspora”)

lëvdoj (“to praise”) + -atë → lëvdatë (“praise”)

liroj (“to free”) + -atë → liratë (“freedom, permission”)

Forms nouns from verbs, chiefly action nouns and result nouns.


-kë

Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *-ъka, compare Romanian -ică.

çupë + -kë → çupkë


-life

From Proto-Germanic *-lībijaz, equivalent to līf + -e.


-ošь

-ošь (nominative singular)
-oši (dual nominative)
-ošьje (nominative plural)
-oši (genitive singular)
-ošьju (dual genitive)
-ošьjь (genitive plural)
-oši (dative singular)
-ošьma (dative dual)
-ošьmъ (dative plural)
-ošь (accusative singular)
-oši (accusative dual)
-oši (accusative plural)
-ošьmь (instrumental singular)
-ošьma (dual instrumental)
-ošьmi (instrumental plural)
-oši (locative singular)
-ošьju (dual locative)
-ošьxъ (locative plural)
-oši (singular vocative)
-oši (dual vocative)
-ošьje (plural vocative)
-ošь (nominative singular)
-oši (dual nominative)
-oši (nominative plural)
-oši (genitive singular)
-ošьju (dual genitive)
-ošьjь (genitive plural)
-oši (dative singular)
-ošьma (dative dual)
-ošьmъ (dative plural)
-ošь (accusative singular)
-oši (accusative dual)
-oši (accusative plural)
-ošьjǫ (instrumental singular)
-ošьma (dual instrumental)
-ošьmi (instrumental plural)
-oši (locative singular)
-ošьju (dual locative)
-ošьxъ (locative plural)
-oši (singular vocative)
-oši (dual vocative)
-oši (plural vocative)

kvě̑tъ (“flower”) → *Květošь

bagy (“wetland”) → *Bagošь

moky (“wet place”) → *Mokošь (theonym)

Forming female (hypocoristic) given names


simel-

Represents either the adverb simle or the adjective simel, which is otherwise recorded only in the phrase on simel.


-आई

-āī (romanization)
-आई (direct singular)
-आइयाँ (direct plural)
-आई (oblique singular)
-आइयों (oblique plural)
-आई (singular vocative)
-आइयो (plural vocative)

From Old Hindi -आई (-āī). As this suffix can be applied to both nominals and verbs, possibly from a merger of:
* Prakrit -𑀅𑀇𑀆 (-aïā), Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀅𑀤𑀺𑀕𑀸 (-adigā), from Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-) + -𑀢𑀸- (-tā-) + -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-), pleonastic suffixes attached to Sanskrit -ता (-tā), from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂. This makes it a cognate through Indo-European with English -ty.
* Prakrit -𑀆𑀯𑀺𑀆 (-āviā), from Sanskrit -आपय (-āpaya, “causative-forming suffix”) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸- (-ikā-). See Sanskrit -आपयति (-āpayati), Hindi -आना (-ānā) for more.


-ਨਵੀਸ

Borrowed from Classical Persian نویس (nawīs), stem of نوشتن (nawištan, “to write”). Compare Bengali -নবিস (-nobiś).

bor+

ਨਕਸ਼ਾ (nakśā, “map”) + -ਨਵੀਸ (-navīs) → ਨਕਸ਼ਾ ਨਵੀਸ (nakśā navīs, “mapmaker”)

ਅਖਬਾਰ (akhabār, “news”) + -ਨਵੀਸ (-navīs) → ਅਖਬਾਰ ਨਵੀਸ (akhabār navīs, “journalist”)

(added to nouns) used to form an agent noun indicating someone who writes or draws.


-focon

Phonetic blend of hydro-pho-bic + con-tact lens.

(medicine) Hydrophobic rigid contact lens material.


-filcon

Phonetic blend of hydro-phil-ic + con-tact lens.

(medicine) Hydrophilic soft contact lens material.


-அல்

வரு (varu, “to come”) + -அல் (-al) → வரல் (varal, “coming”)

வேண்டு (vēṇṭu, “to worship, supplicate, beg”) + -அல் (-al) → வேண்டல் (vēṇṭal, “begging, worshipping”)


־ציה

From Slavic languages, such as Russian -ция (-cija), Polish -cja, and thence also Yiddish ־ציע (-tsye). Ultimately from Latin -tiō.


ਅਧ-

ਅਧ- (adha-) + ਰਿੜਕਾ (riṛkā, “churning”) → ਅਧਰਿੜਕਾ (adhariṛkā, “half-churned curd”)

ਅਧ- (adha-) + ਮੋਇਆ (moiā, “dead”) → ਅਧਮੋਇਆ (adhamoiā, “half-dead”)


крипто-

From Ancient Greek κρυπτός (kruptós, “hidden, secret”).


-графія

-гра́фія (canonical)
-hráfija (romanization)
-гра́фія (nominative singular)
-гра́фії (nominative plural)
-гра́фії (genitive singular)
-гра́фій (genitive plural)
-гра́фії (dative singular)
-гра́фіям (dative plural)
-гра́фію (accusative singular)
-гра́фії (accusative plural)
-гра́фією (instrumental singular)
-гра́фіями (instrumental plural)
-гра́фії (locative singular)
-гра́фіях (locative plural)
-гра́фіє (singular vocative)
-гра́фії (plural vocative)

LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Po ukraińsku (Andriana)--графія.wav

From Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō, “I write”).

крипто- (krypto-) + гра́фія (hráfija) → криптогра́фія (kryptohráfija)


-hert(ī)

-hert (canonical)
ī (romanization)
hert (masculine nominative singular)
hertu (feminine nominative singular)
hert (neuter nominative singular)
hertanā (accusative masculine singular)
hertā (accusative feminine singular)
hert (accusative neuter singular)
hertas (genitive masculine singular)
herteʀā (feminine genitive singular)
hertas (genitive neuter singular)
hertumē (dative masculine singular)
herteʀē (dative feminine singular)
hertumē (dative neuter singular)
hertu (instrumental masculine singular)
herteʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hertu (instrumental neuter singular)
hertē (masculine nominative plural)
hertō (feminine nominative plural)
hertu (neuter nominative plural)
hertā (accusative masculine plural)
hertā (accusative feminine plural)
hertu (accusative neuter plural)
herteʀō (genitive masculine plural)
herteʀō (feminine genitive plural)
herteʀō (genitive neuter plural)
hertēm (dative masculine plural)
hertum (dative masculine plural)
hertēm (dative feminine plural)
hertum (dative feminine plural)
hertēm (dative neuter plural)
hertum (dative neuter plural)
hertēm (instrumental masculine plural)
hertum (instrumental masculine plural)
hertēm (feminine instrumental plural)
hertum (feminine instrumental plural)
hertēm (instrumental neuter plural)
hertum (instrumental neuter plural)
hirtī (masculine nominative singular)
hirtiju (feminine nominative singular)
hirtī (neuter nominative singular)
hirtijanā (accusative masculine singular)
hirtijā (accusative feminine singular)
hirtī (accusative neuter singular)
hirtijas (genitive masculine singular)
hirtijeʀā (feminine genitive singular)
hirtijas (genitive neuter singular)
hirtijumē (dative masculine singular)
hirtijeʀē (dative feminine singular)
hirtijumē (dative neuter singular)
hirtiju (instrumental masculine singular)
hirtijeʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
hirtiju (instrumental neuter singular)
hirtijē (masculine nominative plural)
hirtijō (feminine nominative plural)
hirtiju (neuter nominative plural)
hirtijā (accusative masculine plural)
hirtijā (accusative feminine plural)
hirtiju (accusative neuter plural)
hirtijeʀō (genitive masculine plural)
hirtijeʀō (feminine genitive plural)
hirtijeʀō (genitive neuter plural)
hirtijēm (dative masculine plural)
hirtijum (dative masculine plural)
hirtijēm (dative feminine plural)
hirtijum (dative feminine plural)
hirtijēm (dative neuter plural)
hirtijum (dative neuter plural)
hirtijēm (instrumental masculine plural)
hirtijum (instrumental masculine plural)
hirtijēm (feminine instrumental plural)
hirtijum (feminine instrumental plural)
hirtijēm (instrumental neuter plural)
hirtijum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: -heort

Old Saxon: -hert

⇒ Old Saxon: gramhert

Old High German: herzi, -herz

From Proto-Germanic *-hertaz + *-ī (adjective suffix). Cognate with Gothic -𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍃 (-hairts).


-mece

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـمهجه (-maca, -mece), equivalent to -me + -ce.

inh+

boğ- (“to choke”) + -maca → boğmaca (“whooping cough”)


-ahî

used to derive abstract nouns; -ness, -ity


-imsi

-ımsı (back-vowel-harmony unrounded-harmony)
-imsi (front-vowel-harmony unrounded-harmony)
-umsu (back-vowel-harmony rounded-harmony)
-ümsü (front-vowel-harmony rounded-harmony)

Sarımsı renklere bayılırım.

Commonly used to liken or compare the word to the semantically stronger one, similar to; equivalent to English -ish and -al.


-ntadak

head

*-ntadak / *-ntädäk (stem *-nta- / *-ntä-)

-ntadak / *-ntädäk (canonical)
-nta- / *-ntä- (stem)
-ndan (first-person present singular)
-ndoin (first-person past singular)
-ntagon (first-person optative singular)
-ndat (present second-person singular)
-ndoit (past second-person singular)
-ndak (imperative second-person singular)
-ntagos (optative second-person singular)
-ntapi (present singular third-person)
-nta (present singular third-person)
-ntoi (past singular third-person)
-ntakahën (imperative singular third-person)
-ntakohën (optative singular third-person)
-ndakmëk (first-person plural present)
-ndakmak (first-person plural present)
-ntoimëk (first-person past plural)
-ntoimak (first-person past plural)
-ntakadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
-ntakadamak (first-person imperative plural)
-ntakodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
-ntakodamak (first-person optative plural)
-ndaktëk (plural present second-person)
-ndaktak (plural present second-person)
-ntoidëk (past plural second-person)
-ntoidak (past plural second-person)
-ntakadë (imperative plural second-person)
-ntakada (imperative plural second-person)
-ntagot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
-ntakodadak (optative plural second-person)
-ntabat (plural present third-person)
-nta (plural present third-person)
-ntoi (past plural third-person)
-ntakahën (imperative plural third-person)
-ntakohën (optative plural third-person)
-ndaksën (passive present)
-ndat'aksën (passive present)
-ntatihën (passive past)
-ndattihën (passive past)
-ntatagasën (imperative passive)
-ndattagasën (imperative passive)
-ntatagosën (optative passive)
-ndattagosën (optative passive)
-ndak (connegative present)
-ntagak (connegative imperative)
-ntagok (connegative optative)
-ndaktak (connegative passive present)
-ntatagak (connegative imperative passive)
-ndattagak (connegative imperative passive)
-ntatagok (connegative optative passive)
-ndattagok (connegative optative passive)
-ndakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
-ntoicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
-ntanën (first-person potential singular)
-ndakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
-ntoicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
-ntanët (potential second-person singular)
-ndakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
-ntoici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
-ntani (potential singular third-person)
-ndakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
-ndakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
-ntoicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
-ntoicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
-ntanëmëk (first-person plural potential)
-ntanëmak (first-person plural potential)
-ndakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
-ndakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
-ntoicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
-ntoicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
-ntanëdëk (plural potential second-person)
-ntanëdak (plural potential second-person)
-ndakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
-ntoici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
-ntani (plural potential third-person)
-ntadakcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
-ndat'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
-ntaticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
-ndatticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
-ntatanësën (passive potential)
-ndattanësën (passive potential)
-ndakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
-ntoicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
-ntanëk (connegative potential)
-ntadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
-ndat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
-ntaticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
-ndatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
-ntatanëk (connegative passive potential)
-ndattanëk (connegative passive potential)
-ntadak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
-ntapa (active participle present)
-ntataba (participle passive present)
-ndattaba (participle passive present)
-ntatë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
-ntanut (active participle past)
-ntatu (participle passive past)
-ndattu (participle passive past)
-ntama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
-ntaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

A variant of *-t'ak (frequentative verb suffix); this variation may even date back to a Proto-Uralic *-nta-, which would be a variant of *-nte-. Like etymology 1, *-t'ak and *-ldak, causes a stem-final -A- to change into -e-.


masse-

massemord, -fremstilling, -hysteri

being done by or to, or affecting, a large number of entities


-кодь

-кодь • (-koď)

Used to form adverbs and adjectives having resemblance to the suffixed term: -like


-keş

From Persian کش (keš), present stem form of کشیدن.


-izëm

Internationalism. Ultimately from Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós).


-ськ

Донець (Donecʹ, “Donets”) + -ськ (-sʹk) → Донецьк (Donecʹk, “Donetsk”)


-väsen

-väsen (indefinite nominative singular)
-väsens (genitive indefinite singular)
-väsendet (definite nominative singular)
-väsendets (definite genitive singular)
-väsen (indefinite nominative plural)
-väsens (genitive indefinite plural)
-väsendena (definite nominative plural)
-väsendenas (definite genitive plural)

everything making up (the (compound) thing before), (sometimes) system


-väsende

-väsende (indefinite nominative singular)
-väsendes (genitive indefinite singular)
-väsendet (definite nominative singular)
-väsendets (definite genitive singular)
-väsenden (indefinite nominative plural)
-väsendens (genitive indefinite plural)
-väsendena (definite nominative plural)
-väsendenas (definite genitive plural)

everything making up (the (compound) thing before)


-নী

নাতি (nati, “grandson”) + -নী (-ni) → নাতনী (natni, “granddaughter”)

দুঃখী (dukkhi) + -নী (-ni) → দুঃখিনী (dukkhini)

পেত (pet, “ghost”) + -নী (-ni) → পেত্নী (petni, “female ghost”)


efterkrigs-

post-war, postbellum (of the period following a war, often World War II or World War I)


-oshiꞌ

From the same Proto-Muskogean term as oshiꞌ. Compare Choctaw -ushi and Alabama -osi.

abooha (“house”) + -oshiꞌ → abooshiꞌ (“a small house”)


-ერი

პიჩვ- (p̌içv-, “to fast”) + -ერი (-eri) → პიჩვერი (p̌içveri, “fasting, hungry”)

ლახ- (lax-, “to go mad, to go crazy”) + -ერი (-eri) → ლახერი (laxeri, “crazy, mad, lunatic, insane”)

მბარ- (mbar-, “to swell”) + -ერი (-eri) → მბარერი (mbareri, “swelled”)

დოდგ- (dodg-, “to stop”) + -ერი (-eri) → დოდგინერი (dodgineri, “still”)


ile-

Alternative form of ileo- (before a vowel)


-istak

*-istak / *-istäk (stem *-isë- / *-ise-)

-istak / *-istäk (canonical)
-isë- / *-ise- (stem)

Estonian: -isema/-iseda

Finnish: -ista

Ingrian: -issa

Karelian: -issa

>? Livonian: -īkšõ

Ludian: -ista

Veps: -išta

Võro: -istaq, -isõma

Votic: -isõ

Probably a variant of *-it'ak (stem *-icce-).

Forms continuative or frequentative verbs, mostly from onomatopoeic stems.


-ait'ak

*-ait'ak / *-äit'äk (stem *-aida- / *-äidä-)

-ait'ak / *-äit'äk (canonical)
-aida- / *-äidä- (stem)

desc

Finnish: -ajaa (dialectal, stem -aja-, e.g. heläjää, kumajaa)

Veps: -aita

Probably a variant of *-it'ak with rebracketing/re-extraction from a-stems into the suffix. The lack of the standard labialization *-ai- > *-oi- suggests a relatively recent origin or prevention of the sound change by analogy.

Forms verbs, often continuative or frequentative, mainly from nominal stems.


-uculus

Alteration, probably by rebracketing, of diminutive suffix -culus. (Some words ending in -uculus can be analyzed as containing -culus preceded by the stem vowel -u- of the fourth declension, such as genuculum from genū̆.)

added to a noun to form a diminutive of that noun.


esophag-

Alternative form of esophago- (before a vowel)


oesophag-

(digraph, especially UK) Alternative form of esophago-


etio-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek roots; more at aetiology § Etymology.

(biology, medicine) cause; causes; causation.

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


aetio-

(digraph, especially UK) Alternative form of etio-


ـگرایی

head

ـگرایی • (-garâyi)

a non-joining suffix that forms nouns, with a meaning roughly equivalent to -ism, that is, a belief or something people engage in


ਉਪ-

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उप- (upa-).

lbor

ਉਪ- (upa-) + ਗ੍ਰਹਿ (grhi, “planet”) → ਉਪਗ੍ਰਹਿ (upagrhi, “moon, satellite”)

ਉਪ- (upa-) + ਸਮੂਹ (samūh, “set, group”) → ਉਪਸਮੂਹ (upsamūh, “subset”)

ਉਪ- (upa-) + ਕੁਲਪਤੀ (kulpatī, “chancellor”) → ਉਪਕੁਲਪਤੀ (upakulpatī, “vice chancellor”)

ਉਪ- (upa-) + ਮੰਤਰੀ (mantrī, “minister”) → ਉਪਮੰਤਰੀ (upamantrī, “deputy minister”)


తొలు-

Combining form and stem of తొలుత (toluta, “first”).


-ਪਣ

Inherited from Prakrit -𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀡 (-ppaṇa), from Sanskrit -त्व (-tva).

Forms masculine abstract nouns from adjectives and other nouns: -ity, -ness, -hood, -ship, etc.


-ciño

gl-noun

-ciño m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ciños, feminine -ciña, feminine plural -ciñas)

-ciños (plural)
-ciña (feminine)
-ciñas (feminine plural)

From -c- + -iño. Compare Portuguese -zinho.

furón (“ferret”) + -ciño → furonciño (“wood mouse”)

can (“dog”) + -ciño → canciño (“little dog; pup”)


-olare

it-verb

-olàre (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -olo, first-person singular past historic -olài, past participle -olàto, auxiliary avére)

-olàre (canonical)
-olo (first-person present singular)
-olài (first-person historic past singular)
-olàto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
-olàre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
-olàndo (gerund)
-olànte (participle present)
-olàto (participle past)
-olo (first-person indicative present singular)
-oli (indicative present second-person singular)
-ola (indicative present singular third-person)
-oliàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
-olàte (indicative plural present second-person)
-olano (indicative plural present third-person)
-olàvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-olàvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-olàva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-olavàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-olavàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-olàvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-olài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
-olàsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
-olò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
-olàmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
-olàste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
-olàrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
-olerò (first-person future indicative singular)
-olerài (future indicative second-person singular)
-olerà (future indicative singular third-person)
-olerémo (first-person future indicative plural)
-oleréte (future indicative plural second-person)
-olerànno (future indicative plural third-person)
-olerèi (conditional first-person singular)
-olerésti (conditional second-person singular)
-olerèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
-olerébbe (conditional singular third-person)
-olerémmo (conditional first-person plural)
-oleréste (conditional plural second-person)
-olerèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
-olerébbero (conditional plural third-person)
-oli (first-person present singular subjunctive)
-oli (present second-person singular subjunctive)
-oli (present singular subjunctive third-person)
-oliàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
-oliàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
-olino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
-olàssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-olàssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-olàsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-olàssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-olàste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-olàssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-ola (imperative second-person singular)
-oli (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
-oliàmo (first-person imperative plural)
-olàte (imperative plural second-person)
-olino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
non -olàre (imperative negative second-person singular)
non -oli (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
non -oliàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
non -olàte (imperative negative plural second-person)
non -olino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

Rebracketing of denominal verbs ending in -are, formed from nouns ending in the diminutive suffix -olo. By surface analysis, -olo + -are.

branca (“claw, talon”) + -olare → brancolare (“to grope, to feel one's way in the dark”)

chioccia (“brooding hen”) + -olare → chiocciolare (“to cluck”) (of a hen)

svagare (“to amuse, to distract”) + -olare → svagolare (“to distract”) (Tuscan)

-ify; used to derive verbs related to a base noun or verb


tendo-

See tendo § Etymology and teno- § Etymology.


-phemia

Borrowed from New Latin -phēmia, from Ancient Greek φήμη (phḗmē, “voice”).

Synonym of -phasia: forms names of speech disorders.


екзо-

From Ancient Greek ἔξω (éxō, “outer; external”). Compare Russian экзо- (ekzo-), Belarusian экза- (ekza-).

der

екзо- (ekzo-) + плане́та (planéta, “planet”) → екзоплане́та (ekzoplanéta, “exoplanet”)

екзо- (ekzo-) + сфе́ра (sféra, “sphere”) → екзосфе́ра (ekzosféra, “exosphere”)


-ᶰ

Bats: -ჼ (-̃)

Vainakh:

Chechen: -н (-n)

Ingush: -а (-a)


-ceᶰ

Bats: -ციჼ (-cĩ)

Vainakh:

Chechen: -ца (-ca)

Ingush: -ца (-ca)

The comitative or instrumental singular marker.


-aniaeth

gwlyb (“wet”) + -aniaeth → gwlybaniaeth (“moisture”)

crydd (“cobbler”) + -aniaeth → cryddaniaeth (“shoemaking”)

brwd (“enthusiastic”) + -aniaeth → brwdaniaeth (“fervour”)

drud (“expensive”) + -aniaeth → drudaniaeth (“costliness”)


-anaeth

drud (“expensive”) + -anaeth → drudanaeth (“costliness”)


-तव्य

-tavyá (romanization)
-तव्यः (nominative singular)
-तव्यौ (dual nominative)
-तव्या1 (dual nominative)
-तव्याः (nominative plural)
-तव्यासः1 (nominative plural)
-तव्य (singular vocative)
-तव्यौ (dual vocative)
-तव्या1 (dual vocative)
-तव्याः (plural vocative)
-तव्यासः1 (plural vocative)
-तव्यम् (accusative singular)
-तव्यौ (accusative dual)
-तव्या1 (accusative dual)
-तव्यान् (accusative plural)
-तव्येन (instrumental singular)
-तव्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
-तव्यैः (instrumental plural)
-तव्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
-तव्याय (dative singular)
-तव्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
-तव्येभ्यः (dative plural)
-तव्यात् (ablative singular)
-तव्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
-तव्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
-तव्यस्य (genitive singular)
-तव्ययोः (dual genitive)
-तव्यानाम् (genitive plural)
-तव्ये (locative singular)
-तव्ययोः (dual locative)
-तव्येषु (locative plural)
-तव्या (nominative singular)
-तव्ये (dual nominative)
-तव्याः (nominative plural)
-तव्ये (singular vocative)
-तव्ये (dual vocative)
-तव्याः (plural vocative)
-तव्याम् (accusative singular)
-तव्ये (accusative dual)
-तव्याः (accusative plural)
-तव्यया (instrumental singular)
-तव्या1 (instrumental singular)
-तव्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
-तव्याभिः (instrumental plural)
-तव्यायै (dative singular)
-तव्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
-तव्याभ्यः (dative plural)
-तव्यायाः (ablative singular)
-तव्यायै2 (ablative singular)
-तव्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
-तव्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
-तव्यायाः (genitive singular)
-तव्यायै2 (genitive singular)
-तव्ययोः (dual genitive)
-तव्यानाम् (genitive plural)
-तव्यायाम् (locative singular)
-तव्ययोः (dual locative)
-तव्यासु (locative plural)
-तव्यम् (nominative singular)
-तव्ये (dual nominative)
-तव्यानि (nominative plural)
-तव्या1 (nominative plural)
-तव्य (singular vocative)
-तव्ये (dual vocative)
-तव्यानि (plural vocative)
-तव्या1 (plural vocative)
-तव्यम् (accusative singular)
-तव्ये (accusative dual)
-तव्यानि (accusative plural)
-तव्या1 (accusative plural)
-तव्येन (instrumental singular)
-तव्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
-तव्यैः (instrumental plural)
-तव्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
-तव्याय (dative singular)
-तव्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
-तव्येभ्यः (dative plural)
-तव्यात् (ablative singular)
-तव्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
-तव्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
-तव्यस्य (genitive singular)
-तव्ययोः (dual genitive)
-तव्यानाम् (genitive plural)
-तव्ये (locative singular)
-तव्ययोः (dual locative)
-तव्येषु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-tus
Sanskrit -तुम् (-tum)
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Sanskrit -य (-ya)
Sanskrit -तव्य (-tavya)
From a guṇa strengthening of -तुम् (-tum, “infinitive ending”) (i.e. to -तव् (-tav)), from Proto-Indo-European *-tu, with -य (-ya), from Proto-Indo-European *-yós.


-य

-ya (romanization)
-यः (nominative singular)
-यौ (dual nominative)
-या1 (dual nominative)
-याः (nominative plural)
-यासः1 (nominative plural)
-य (singular vocative)
-यौ (dual vocative)
-या1 (dual vocative)
-याः (plural vocative)
-यासः1 (plural vocative)
-यम् (accusative singular)
-यौ (accusative dual)
-या1 (accusative dual)
-यान् (accusative plural)
-येन (instrumental singular)
-याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
-यैः (instrumental plural)
-येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
-याय (dative singular)
-याभ्याम् (dative dual)
-येभ्यः (dative plural)
-यात् (ablative singular)
-याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
-येभ्यः (ablative plural)
-यस्य (genitive singular)
-ययोः (dual genitive)
-यानाम् (genitive plural)
-ये (locative singular)
-ययोः (dual locative)
-येषु (locative plural)
-या (nominative singular)
-ये (dual nominative)
-याः (nominative plural)
-ये (singular vocative)
-ये (dual vocative)
-याः (plural vocative)
-याम् (accusative singular)
-ये (accusative dual)
-याः (accusative plural)
-यया (instrumental singular)
-या1 (instrumental singular)
-याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
-याभिः (instrumental plural)
-यायै (dative singular)
-याभ्याम् (dative dual)
-याभ्यः (dative plural)
-यायाः (ablative singular)
-यायै2 (ablative singular)
-याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
-याभ्यः (ablative plural)
-यायाः (genitive singular)
-यायै2 (genitive singular)
-ययोः (dual genitive)
-यानाम् (genitive plural)
-यायाम् (locative singular)
-ययोः (dual locative)
-यासु (locative plural)
-यम् (nominative singular)
-ये (dual nominative)
-यानि (nominative plural)
-या1 (nominative plural)
-य (singular vocative)
-ये (dual vocative)
-यानि (plural vocative)
-या1 (plural vocative)
-यम् (accusative singular)
-ये (accusative dual)
-यानि (accusative plural)
-या1 (accusative plural)
-येन (instrumental singular)
-याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
-यैः (instrumental plural)
-येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
-याय (dative singular)
-याभ्याम् (dative dual)
-येभ्यः (dative plural)
-यात् (ablative singular)
-याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
-येभ्यः (ablative plural)
-यस्य (genitive singular)
-ययोः (dual genitive)
-यानाम् (genitive plural)
-ये (locative singular)
-ययोः (dual locative)
-येषु (locative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-yós. Cognate with Latin -ius.

inh+

creates adjectives from noun or verb stems


-आवट

hi-suffix

-आवट • (-āvaṭ)

-āvaṭ (romanization)
-आवट (direct singular)
-आवटें (direct plural)
-आवट (oblique singular)
-आवटों (oblique plural)
-आवट (singular vocative)
-आवटो (plural vocative)

Compare -आहट (-āhaṭ), both of which may possibly be inherited from Sanskrit -तव्य (-tavya) + -त्व (-tva).


-ონი

პეპერი (p̌ep̌eri, “pepper”) + -ონი (-oni) → პეპერონი (p̌ep̌eroni, “hot, peppery”)

სოლოღანი (soloğani, “wave”) + -ონი (-oni) → სოლოღანონი (soloğanoni, “wavy”)

დიცხირი (diʒxiri, “blood”) + -ონი (-oni) → დიცხირონი (diʒxironi, “bloօdy”)

ფიმბილი (pimbili, “beard”) + -ონი (-oni) → ფიმბილონი (pimbiloni, “bearded”)


-એ

suffix of masculine marked locative nouns


автообозреватель

ru-noun+

автообозрева́тель

автообозрева́тельница

автообозрева́тель • (avtoobozrevátelʹ) m anim (genitive автообозрева́теля, nominative plural автообозрева́тели, genitive plural автообозрева́телей, feminine автообозрева́тельница)

автообозрева́тель (canonical)
avtoobozrevátelʹ (romanization)
автообозрева́теля (genitive)
автообозрева́тели (nominative plural)
автообозрева́телей (genitive plural)
автообозрева́тельница (feminine)
автообозрева́тель (nominative singular)
автообозрева́тели (nominative plural)
автообозрева́теля (genitive singular)
автообозрева́телей (genitive plural)
автообозрева́телю (dative singular)
автообозрева́телям (dative plural)
автообозрева́теля (accusative singular)
автообозрева́телей (accusative plural)
автообозрева́телем (instrumental singular)
автообозрева́телями (instrumental plural)
автообозрева́теле (prepositional singular)
автообозрева́телях (plural prepositional)

From авто- (avto-) + обозрева́тель (obozrevátelʹ). Literally, “autoreviewer”.

pre

обозрева́тель


-ਦਾਰ

-dār (romanization)
-ਦਾਰ (direct singular)
-ਦਾਰ (direct plural)
-ਦਾਰ (oblique singular)
-ਦਾਰਾਂ (oblique plural)
-ਦਾਰਾ (singular vocative)
-ਦਾਰੋ (plural vocative)
-ਦਾਰੋਂ (ablative singular)
-ਦਾਰੇ (locative singular)
-ਦਾਰੀਂ (locative plural)
-ਦਾਰੇ (instrumental singular)
-ਦਾਰੀਂ (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from Classical Persian ـدار (-dār). Compare Hindi -दार (-dār).

bor+

ਝਿਰੀ (jhirī, “slot, groove”) + -ਦਾਰ (-dār) → ਝਿਰੀਦਾਰ (jhirīdār, “slotted, grooved”)


зидди-

head

зидди- • (zidd-i-) (Persian spelling ضد)

zidd-i- (romanization)
spelling ضد (Persian)

Inherited from Classical Persian ضِدِّ (zidd-i).


ـستیزی

ـستیزی + سرمایهداری (sarmâye-dâri, “capitalism”) → سرمایهداریستیزی (sarmâye-dâri-setizi, “anticapitalism”)

ـستیزی + زن (zan, “woman”) → زنستیزی (zan-setizi, “misogyny”)

ـستیزی + مرد (mard, “man”) → مردستیزی (mard-setizi, “misandry”)

ـستیزی + مردم (mardom, “human”) → مردمستیزی (mardom-setizi, “misanthropy”)


chaeto-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form; see English chaeta and New Latin chaeta, from Ancient Greek χαίτη (khaítē, “crest, mane, flowing hair, foliage”).

uder

(biology, medicine) chaeta (“chitinous bristle”).


-ilu

-ilu (nominative singular)
-ilō (nominative plural)
-ilā (accusative singular)
-ilā (accusative plural)
-ilā (genitive singular)
-ilō (genitive plural)
-ilē (dative singular)
-ilōm (dative plural)
-ilum (dative plural)
-ilu (instrumental singular)
-ilōm (instrumental plural)
-ilum (instrumental plural)

From Proto-Germanic *-ilō, from *-ilaz (agent and instrumental suffix) + *-ō (nominal suffix).

af

Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument.


-ஐ

Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *-ay; cognate with Kannada -ಎ (-e).

வில் (vil, “sell”) + -ஐ (-ai) → விலை (vilai, “price”)


-ilā

-ilā (nominative singular)
-ilōn (nominative plural)
-ilōn (accusative singular)
-ilōn (accusative plural)
-ilōn (genitive singular)
-ilōnō (genitive plural)
-ilōn (dative singular)
-ilōm (dative plural)
-ilum (dative plural)
-ilōn (instrumental singular)
-ilōm (instrumental plural)
-ilum (instrumental plural)

Suffix appended to animal and plant names.


-gâh

From Ottoman Turkish ـكاه (-ǵah), from Classical Persian ـگاه (-gâh).

Forms nouns denoting places where an action is done


-ਵਾਦ

From Sanskrit वाद (vāda, “saying, speech; assertion; dispute”).

der

ਸਾਮਰਾਜ (sāmrāj, “empire”) + -ਵਾਦ (-vād) → ਸਾਮਰਾਜਵਾਦ (sāmrājavād, “imperialism”)

-ism; (added to nouns to form terms for ideologies or philosophies)


психо-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ).


психо-

LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Po ukraińsku (Andriana)-психо-.wav


-atý

-atý (masculine nominative singular)
-atá (feminine nominative singular)
-até (neuter nominative singular)
-atého (genitive masculine singular)
-até (feminine genitive singular)
-atého (genitive neuter singular)
-atému (dative masculine singular)
-até (dative feminine singular)
-atému (dative neuter singular)
-atého (accusative animate masculine singular)
-atý (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-atou (accusative feminine singular)
-até (accusative neuter singular)
-atém (locative masculine singular)
-até (feminine locative singular)
-atém (locative neuter singular)
-atým (instrumental masculine singular)
-atou (feminine instrumental singular)
-atým (instrumental neuter singular)
-atí (animate masculine nominative plural)
-até (feminine nominative plural)
-até (inanimate masculine nominative plural)
-atá (neuter nominative plural)
-atých (genitive plural)
-atým (dative plural)
-até (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-atá (accusative neuter plural)
-atých (locative plural)
-atými (instrumental plural)

vous + -atý → vousatý

koule + -atý → kulatý

from nouns forms adjective meaning of or relating to


невро-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek νευρο- (neuro-), combining form of νεῦρον (neûron, “sinew, tendon, cord”).


нейро-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “nerve”). Doublet of невро- (nevro-).


нейро-

head

не́йро- • (néjro-)

не́йро- (canonical)
néjro- (romanization)

LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Po ukraińsku (Andriana)-нейро-.wav


-अयति

-áyati (romanization)
-अयति (present)
-अयते (present)
-अयति (active indicative singular third-person)
-अयतः (active dual indicative third-person)
-अयन्ति (active indicative plural third-person)
-अयते (indicative singular third-person)
-अयेते (dual indicative third-person)
-अयन्ते (indicative plural third-person)
-अयसि (active indicative second-person singular)
-अयथः (active dual indicative second-person)
-अयथ (active indicative plural second-person)
-अयसे (indicative second-person singular)
-अयेथे (dual indicative second-person)
-अयध्वे (indicative plural second-person)
-अयामि (active first-person indicative singular)
-अयावः (active dual first-person indicative)
-अयामः (active first-person indicative plural)
-अयामसि1 (active first-person indicative plural)
-अये (first-person indicative singular)
-अयावहे (dual first-person indicative)
-अयामहे (first-person indicative plural)
-अयतु (active imperative singular third-person)
-अयताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
-अयन्तु (active imperative plural third-person)
-अयताम् (imperative singular third-person)
-अयेताम् (dual imperative third-person)
-अयन्ताम् (imperative plural third-person)
-अय (active imperative second-person singular)
-अयतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
-अयत (active imperative plural second-person)
-अयस्व (imperative second-person singular)
-अयेथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
-अयध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
-अयानि (active first-person imperative singular)
-अयाव (active dual first-person imperative)
-अयाम (active first-person imperative plural)
-अयै (first-person imperative singular)
-अयावहै (dual first-person imperative)
-अयामहै (first-person imperative plural)
-अयेत् (active imperative singular third-person)
-अयेताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
-अयेयुः (active imperative plural third-person)
-अयेत (imperative singular third-person)
-अयेयाताम् (dual imperative third-person)
-अयेरन् (imperative plural third-person)
-अयेः (active imperative second-person singular)
-अयेतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
-अयेत (active imperative plural second-person)
-अयेथाः (imperative second-person singular)
-अयेयाथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
-अयेध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
-अयेयम् (active first-person imperative singular)
-अयेव (active dual first-person imperative)
-अयेम (active first-person imperative plural)
-अयेय (first-person imperative singular)
-अयेवहि (dual first-person imperative)
-अयेमहि (first-person imperative plural)
-अयात् (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-अयाति (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-अयातः (active dual subjunctive third-person)
-अयान् (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-अयाते (singular subjunctive third-person)
-अयातै (singular subjunctive third-person)
-अयैते (dual subjunctive third-person)
-अयन्त (plural subjunctive third-person)
-अयान्तै (plural subjunctive third-person)
-अयाः (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-अयासि (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-अयाथः (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-अयाथ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-अयासे (second-person singular subjunctive)
-अयासै (second-person singular subjunctive)
-अयैथे (dual second-person subjunctive)
-अयाध्वै (plural second-person subjunctive)
-अयानि (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-अयाव (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-अयाम (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-अयै (first-person singular subjunctive)
-अयावहै (dual first-person subjunctive)
-अयामहै (first-person plural subjunctive)
-अयत् (active participle)
-अयमान (participle)
-अयत् (imperfect)
-अयत (imperfect)
-अयत् (active indicative singular third-person)
-अयताम् (active dual indicative third-person)
-अयन् (active indicative plural third-person)
-अयत (indicative singular third-person)
-अयेताम् (dual indicative third-person)
-अयन्त (indicative plural third-person)
-अयः (active indicative second-person singular)
-अयतम् (active dual indicative second-person)
-अयत (active indicative plural second-person)
-अयथाः (indicative second-person singular)
-अयेथाम् (dual indicative second-person)
-अयध्वम् (indicative plural second-person)
-अयम् (active first-person indicative singular)
-अयाव (active dual first-person indicative)
-अयाम (active first-person indicative plural)
-अये (first-person indicative singular)
-अयावहि (dual first-person indicative)
-अयामहि (first-person indicative plural)

Pali: -एति (-eti), -अयति (-ayati) (see Pali seventh conjugation verbs)

desc

Ashokan Prakrit: -𑀏𑀢𑀺 (-eti), -𑀅𑀬𑀢𑀺 (-ayati) (as in 𑀅𑀭𑀥𑁂𑀢𑀺 (aradheti) < आराधयति (ārādhayati))

Prakrit: -एइ (-ei), -एदि (-edi)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *-áyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-áyati, from Proto-Indo-European *(o)-éyeti. Cognate with Avestan -𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (-aiieⁱti), Latin -et (from Proto-Italic *-ēt), Proto-Germanic *-ī̆þi, and Proto-Slavic *-iti.


-वाना

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀆𑀯𑁂𑀤𑀺 (-āvedi), from Sanskrit आपयति (āpayati).

inh+

Appendix:Hindi verbal derivation#Second causative

(highly productive) forms second causatives


-अत

-at (romanization)
-अत (direct singular)
-अतें (direct plural)
-अत (oblique singular)
-अतों (oblique plural)
-अत (singular vocative)
-अतो (plural vocative)


-geh

ـگەھ (Arabic)
-geh (definite feminine nominative singular)
-geh (definite feminine nominative plural)
-geha (construct definite feminine singular)
-gehên (construct definite feminine plural)
-gehê (definite feminine oblique singular)
-gehan (definite feminine oblique plural)
wê -gehê (definite demonstrative feminine oblique singular)
wan -gehan (definite demonstrative feminine oblique plural)
-gehê (definite feminine singular vocative)
-gehino (definite feminine plural vocative)
-gehek (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
-gehin (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
-geheke (construct feminine indefinite singular)
-gehine (construct feminine indefinite plural)
-gehekê (feminine indefinite oblique singular)
-gehinan (feminine indefinite oblique plural)

Compare Persian ـگاه (-gâh, suffix forming location nouns).


-cest

(informal) A suffix combined with a noun or surname to create a word for incest or an inappropriate relationship involving the referent(s).


পুনর্-

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पुनर् (punar).


-nas

Used to form nouns denoting a person who studies or practices a particular discipline: -ist, -ian


-xwaz

From xwaz-, xaz-, present stems of the verb xwestin (“to want, wish”), derived from Proto-Iranian *xwaz- (“to want; to wish”).

der

aştî (“peace”) + -xwaz → aştîxwaz (“peace-loving”)

azadî (“freedom”) + -xwaz → azadîxwaz (“freedom-seeking”)

Used to form adjectives meaning “that loves or pursues the object expressed by the root noun”: -lover, -seeker


-ā

From Proto-Polynesian *-haʻa. Compare the second element of Tongan kaihaʻa.

ʻai + -ā → ʻaiā


zyto-

From neo-Latin cytus (“cell”), from Ancient Greek κύτος (kútos, “a hollow”).


-বাদ

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वाद (vāda, “speech; thesis, doctrine”). Current meanings formed from the secondary meaning of "thesis" or "doctrine", itself from the primary meaning "speech". Cognate with Hindi -वाद (-vād).

lbor

Used to form names of a tendency of behaviour, action, state, condition or opinion belonging to a class or group of persons, or the result of a doctrine, ideology or principle or lack thereof. Equivalent to English -ism.


cythero-

From Ancient Greek Κύθηρα (Kúthēra, “Cythera”).


planeto-

planeto- + -centric → planetocentric

Used to form astronomical terms related to planets


ασπρο-

ασπρο- (aspro-) + γένι (géni, “beard”) + -ης (-is) → ασπρογένης (asprogénis, “whitebeard”)

ασπρό- (aspró-) + ρούχο (roúcho, “garment”) → ασπρόρουχο (aspróroucho, “undergarment; whites, linen”)

ασπρό- (aspró-) + χώμα (chóma, “soil”) → ασπρόχωμα (aspróchoma, “chalky soil”)

ασπρ- (aspr-) + αγκάθι (agkáthi, “thorn”) → ασπράγκαθο (asprágkatho, “name of various thorny plants”)

ασπρο- (aspro-) + θάλασσα (thálassa, “sea”) + -ίτης (-ítis) + -ικος (-ikos) → ασπροθαλασσίτικος (asprothalassítikos, “relating to the Aegean”)

λευκο- λευκο-#Greek

prefix denoting the property of being white (colloquial, compare more formal λευκο- (lefko-))


-ties

Originating from the reflexive verb form *-tise, from the Old Latvian verb forming suffix *-ti (now -t) combined with the old reflexive pronoun *se. The current pronunciation is explained either by metathesis (-tise > -ties), or by the dropping of the final "e" and expansion of the "i" to "ie" (-tise > -tis > -ties).
In either case, the specifically reflexive nature of the suffix appears to have been forgotten, evidenced by the absence of a reflexive meaning in multiple modern verbs (E.g. vēlēt becoming vēlēties, with the original meaning (To wish, desire, want) having shifted to the latter. The present meaning of vēlēt (To vote, elect) being artificially added in the 1800s or 1900s).
While in other instances forming verbs with meanings unrelated to the reflexive (E.g. klausīt - to obey, comply. klausīties - to listen in, to hear).

Added to roots to form a verb (sometimes reflexive).


ασπρ-

ασπρ- (aspr-) + αγκάθι (agkáthi, “thorn”) → ασπράγκαθο (asprágkatho)

ασπρο- ασπρο-#Greek


-ıt

From Ottoman Turkish ـید (-ıd, -id, -ıt, -it) (alternatively ـوت (-ut) or ـت (-t)), from Proto-Turkic *-t.

inh

geç- (“to pass”) + -it → geçit (“passage”)

an- (“to remember”) + -ıt → anıt (“monument”)

yak- (“to burn”) + -ıt → yakıt (“fuel”)

dön- (“to return, to turn”) + -üt → dönüt (“feedback”)


-івна

-і́вна (canonical)
-ívna (romanization)
-і́вна (nominative singular)
-і́вни (nominative plural)
-і́вни (genitive singular)
-і́вен (genitive plural)
-і́вні (dative singular)
-і́внам (dative plural)
-і́вну (accusative singular)
-і́вен (accusative plural)
-і́вною (instrumental singular)
-і́внами (instrumental plural)
-і́вні (locative singular)
-і́внах (locative plural)
-і́вно (singular vocative)
-і́вни (plural vocative)

Степа́н (Stepán) + -івна (-ivna) → Степа́нівна (Stepánivna, “daughter of Stepan”)

Іва́н (Iván) + -івна (-ivna) → Іва́нівна (Ivánivna, “daughter of Ivan”)

Петро́ (Petró) + -івна (-ivna) → Петрі́вна (Petrívna, “daughter of Petro”)

A feminine patronymic suffix added to a given name: daughter of


-ївна

-jivna (romanization)
-ї́вна (nominative singular)
-ї́вни (nominative plural)
-ї́вни (genitive singular)
-ї́вен (genitive plural)
-ї́вні (dative singular)
-ї́внам (dative plural)
-ї́вну (accusative singular)
-ї́вен (accusative plural)
-ї́вною (instrumental singular)
-ї́внами (instrumental plural)
-ї́вні (locative singular)
-ї́внах (locative plural)
-ї́вно (singular vocative)
-ї́вни (plural vocative)

Сергі́й (Serhíj) + -ївна (-jivna) → Сергі́ївна (Serhíjivna, “daughter of Serhii”)

Андрі́й (Andríj) + -ївна (-jivna) → Андрі́ївна (Andríjivna, “daughter of Andriy”)

A feminine patronymic suffix added to a given name ending in -й: daughter of


-ਸ਼ੀਲ

head

-ਸ਼ੀਲ • (-śīl)

Derived from Sanskrit शील (śīla, “conduct, disposition”).

der

ਨਿਆਂ (niā̃, “justice”) + -ਸ਼ੀਲ (-śīl) → ਨਿਆਂਸ਼ੀਲ (niā̃śīl, “just”)

ਪਤਨ (patan, “fall”) + -ਸ਼ੀਲ (-śīl) → ਪਤਨਸ਼ੀਲ (patnaśīl, “fallible; decadent”)

Used to form adjectives from Sanskrit-derived nouns with the sense of possessing the quality expressed by the noun.


-ਮੰਦ

Borrowed from Classical Persian ـمَند (-mand).

bor+

ਫ਼ਿਕਰ (fikar, “worry”) + -ਮੰਦ (-mand) → ਫ਼ਿਕਰਮੰਦ (fikramand, “worried”)

ਅਕ਼ਲ (aqal, “intelligence”) + -ਮੰਦ (-mand) → ਅਕ਼ਲਮੰਦ (aqalmand, “intelligent”)

Used to form adjectives from nouns with the sense of possessing the quality expressed by the noun.


-iy

Inherited from Chagatai ـی, from Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy).


-шній

-šnij (romanization)
-шні́й (masculine nominative)
-шнє́ (neuter nominative)
-шня́ (feminine nominative)
-шні́ (nominative plural)
-шньо́го (genitive masculine neuter)
-шньо́ї (feminine genitive)
-шні́х (genitive plural)
-шньо́му (dative masculine neuter)
-шні́й (dative feminine)
-шні́м (dative plural)
-шньо́го (accusative animate masculine)
-шнє́ (accusative neuter)
-шню́ (accusative feminine)
-шні́х (accusative animate plural)
-шні́й (accusative inanimate masculine)
-шні́ (accusative inanimate plural)
-шні́м (instrumental masculine neuter)
-шньо́ю (feminine instrumental)
-шні́ми (instrumental plural)
-шньо́му (locative masculine neuter)
-шні́м (locative masculine neuter)
-шні́й (feminine locative)
-шні́х (locative plural)

Inherited from Old Ruthenian -шний (-šnij), from Old East Slavic -чьнии, -шьнии (-čĭnii, -šĭnii), from Proto-Slavic *-ťь + *-ьňь or extracted from Proto-Slavic *domaťьňь.

inh

-чьнии, -шьнии

*-ťь + *-ьňь

ді́м (dím, “house”) + -шній (-šnij) → дома́шній (domášnij, “domestic, household”)

діл (dil, “bottom”) + -шній (-šnij) → до́лішній (dólišnij, “lowermost, bottom”)

коли́ (kolý, “when”) + -шній (-šnij) → коли́шній (kolýšnij, “former, ex-”)

за́втра (závtra, “tomorrow”) + -шній (-šnij) → за́втрашній (závtrašnij, “tomorrow's”)


-ejszy

-ejszy (masculine nominative singular)
-ejsza (feminine nominative singular)
-ejsze (neuter nominative singular)
-ejsi (nominative plural virile)
-ejsze (nominative plural)
-ejszego (genitive masculine singular)
-ejszej (feminine genitive singular)
-ejszego (genitive neuter singular)
-ejszych (genitive plural)
-ejszych (genitive plural virile)
-ejszemu (dative masculine singular)
-ejszej (dative feminine singular)
-ejszemu (dative neuter singular)
-ejszym (dative plural)
-ejszym (dative plural virile)
-ejszego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-ejszy (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-ejszą (accusative feminine singular)
-ejsze (accusative neuter singular)
-ejszych (accusative plural virile)
-ejsze (accusative plural)
-ejszym (instrumental masculine singular)
-ejszą (feminine instrumental singular)
-ejszym (instrumental neuter singular)
-ejszymi (instrumental plural)
-ejszymi (instrumental plural virile)
-ejszym (locative masculine singular)
-ejszej (feminine locative singular)
-ejszym (locative neuter singular)
-ejszych (locative plural)
-ejszych (locative plural virile)

dziś + -ejszy → dzisiejszy

forms relational adjectives from temporal adverbs


-abilmek

-abilmek (after-consonant back-vowel-harmony)
-ebilmek (after-consonant)
-yabilmek (after-vowel back-vowel-harmony)
-yebilmek (after-vowel)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـهبیلمك, analyzable as bilmek with a connecting vowel.

İstersen yardım edebilirim

-abilecekmiş

-abilecek (will able to; in the Future Tense)

-abilirdi

-abilir (can, might, may; in the Simple Present Tense)


hemangio-

Compound of hem- (“blood”) + angio- (“vessel”).

com+

hemangio- + blast → hemangioblast

hemangio- + -oma → hemangioma

hemangio- + sarcoma → hemangiosarcoma

(medicine) Relating to the blood vessels.


-gaç

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـكچ (-gaç, -geç) and sometimes ـكج (-gac, -gec), from Proto-Turkic *-gač, *-geč. In many cases in Modern Turkish the "g" falls off and the suffix presents as -aç/-eç.

inh+

yüz- (“to swim”) + -geç → yüzgeç (“fin, flipper”)

süz- (“to strain, to filter”) + -geç → süzgeç (“filter, sieve”)

kıs- (“to pinch, to tighten”) + -kaç → kıskaç (“clamp, pincers, claw”)

solu- (“to breathe”) + -(n)gaç → solungaç (“gill”)

bakır (“copper”) + -aç → bakraç (“a small copper bucket”)

ayır- (“to separate”) + -aç → ayraç (“separator, bookmark”)

kaldır- (“to lift”) + -aç → kaldıraç (“lever, crank”)

Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük
w:tr:Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük

Derives names of tools from verbs or nouns.

utan- (“to be ashamed, to be shy”) + -gaç → utangaç (“shy, timid”)

üşen- (“to feel too lazy (to do something)”) + -geç → üşengeç (“lazy, lethargic”)

gül- (“to smile, to laugh”) + -eç → güleç (“smiling often, habitually”)

alın- (“to be offended”) + -gaç → (regional) alıngaç (“shy, timid”)

In rare cases derives adjectives from verbs, of inclination or habit.

sür- (“to drive, to last”) + -eç → süreç (“process, continuum”)

kaya (“stone, boulder”) + -(a)ç → kayaç (“rock(any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals)”)

tümle- (“to complete, to complement”) + -(e)ç → tümleç (“object in a sentence”)

Derives various nouns from verbs or other nouns.


епі-

From Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí, “on top of”).


-ç

From Ottoman Turkish ـج (-c), as a result of phonetic change from the combination of -in (reflexive suffix) and -iş (reciprocal suffix), hence it is often classified as one suffix as -ınç.

inan- (“to believe”) + -ç → inanç (“belief, faith”)

utan- (“to be ashamed”) + -ç → utanç (“shame”)

Derives nouns from some verbs, where the reflexive form replaced the main form and the suffix -in has lost function.


-saam

Inherited from Dutch -zaam, from Middle Dutch -sam, from Old Dutch -sam, from Proto-Germanic *-samaz, from *samaz (“same”). Cognate with English -some, German -sam, Old Norse -samr.

selde (“rarely”) + -saam → seldsaam (“rare”)

spraak (“speech”) + -saam → spraaksaam (“talkative”)

spaar (“to save”) + -saam → spaarsaam (“frugal”)

Used to form adjectives of the base word's quality; compare English -able, English -some.


-шкуэдтӭ

по̄ррэ (pōrre, “to eat”) + -шкуэдтӭ (-škuedt’e) → по̄рэшкуэдтӭ (pōreškuedt’e, “to begin to eat”)

моа̄йнсэ (mååjnse, “to tell; to narrate”) + -шкуэдтӭ (-škuedt’e) → моа̄йнсэшкудтӭ (mååjnseškudt’e, “to begin to tell”)

Forms inchoative verbs, indicating the beginning of an action.


-куэдтӭ

вуэӆӆькэ (vuel̥l̥’ke, “to glitter; to sparkle”) + -куэдтӭ (-kuedt’e) → вуэӆӆькуэдтӭ (vuel̥l̥’kuedt’e, “to begin to glitter; to begin to sparkle”)

ло̄гкэ (lōgke, “to read; to count”) + -куэдтӭ (-kuedt’e) → ло̄гкуэдтӭ (lōgkuedt’e, “to begin to read; to begin to count”)


-гуэдтӭ

ла̄ввлэ (lāvvle, “to sing”) + -гуэдтӭ (-guedt’e) → ла̄ввлгуэдтӭ (lāvvlguedt’e, “to begin to sing”)

оаввлэ (åvvle, “to scream; to yell”) + -гуэдтӭ (-guedt’e) → оаввлгуэдтӭ (åvvlguedt’e, “to begin to scream; to begin to yell”)


-ли

From Proto-Turkic *-lig. Cognates with Turkish -li, Uyghur ـلىك (-lik).

кир (kir, “dirt”) + -ли (-li) → кирли (kirli, “dirty”)

бала (bala, “child”) + -лы (-lı) → балалы (balalı, “that who has a child”)

Forms adjectives denoting possession of a thing, containing a thing, with a thing etc.


-აშე

გამა-ღმალ- (gama-ğmal-, “to be removed from”) + -აშე (-aşe) → მანდრეგამაღმალაშე (mandregamağmalaşe, “rake used for pulling manure in barns”)

წილ- (ǯil-, “to pick”) + -აშე (-aşe) → ოწილაშე (oǯilaşe, “a tool with a hook on the end of a long stick used to pluck fruit from a high branch, with a bag made under it”)

ბაზგ- (bazg-, “to support”) + -აშე (-aşe) → ობაზგაშე (obazgaşe, “pole”)

ქოს- (kos-, “to sweep”) + -აშე (-aşe) → ფავრიოქოსაშე (pavriokosaşe, “leaf picker rake”)

produces the tool name by appending it to the verb stem


-eshë

-éshë (canonical feminine)
forming (noun)

From Late Latin -issa. Compare Romanian -easă, Italian -essa.

lúan (“lion”) + -eshë → luanéshë (“lioness”)

múrg (“monk”) + -eshë → murgéshë (“nun”)

búrrë (“man”) + -eshë → burrnéshë (“sworn virgin”)

forms female equivalents to male nouns. -ess


agrár-

Borrowed from German Agrar, from Latin agrarius.


Burmo-

the Burmo-Chinese frontier


-iyos

-yos (masculine nominative singular stem)
-you (dual masculine nominative stem)
-yoi (masculine nominative plural stem)
-ye (masculine singular stem vocative)
-you (dual masculine stem vocative)
-yoi (masculine plural stem vocative)
-yom (accusative masculine singular stem)
-you (accusative dual masculine stem)
-yoms (accusative masculine plural stem)
-yī (genitive masculine singular stem)
-yous (dual genitive masculine stem)
-yom (genitive masculine plural stem)
-yūi (dative masculine singular stem)
-yobom (dative dual masculine stem)
-yobos (dative masculine plural stem)
-yei (locative masculine singular stem)
-yū (instrumental masculine singular stem)
-yobim (dual instrumental masculine stem)
-yūis (instrumental masculine plural stem)

Proto-Brythonic: *-ɨð

Welsh: -ydd

From an enlargement of *-os (agent suffix) by analogy with the feminine abstract suffix *-iyā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-ós (agent suffix).

sag- (“to seek”) + *-iyos → *sagiyos (“seeker”)


դեր-

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian դեր- (der-), from which also դեր (der, “role”).

lbor

դերբայ ― derbay ― participle, converb

դերկոմս ― derkoms ― viscount

դերնախագահ


-khot

Cognate with German -keit; see there for more.

arm (“poor”) + -khot → èrmakhot (“poverty”)

bill (“stupid”) + -khot → billekhot (“stupidity”)

(Sette Comuni) Used to form a noun from an adjective: -ness, -th, -ity


-onjë

-ónjë (canonical feminine)
forming (noun)

From Proto-Albanian *-ānjā, either from Proto-Indo-European *-h₃onh₂- or from Latin -ōnea, whence Romanian -oaie and Aromanian -oanji -oanje -onje.

úlk (“wolf”) + -onjë → ulkónjë (“she-wolf”)


caeco-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Latin caecum, as at caecum § Etymology.


papyro-

From combining forms of Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros, “papyrus, paper”).

bor

Of, similar to, or related to paper or things made from paper such as paperwork.


-sy

Perhaps originally two distinct suffixes, one diminutive and the other adjectival; sources of both are uncertain. If so, then equivalent to -s + -y.

(nouns): Betsy; footsy; mumsy; Patsy; popsy; tootsy

(adjectives): artsy (or art + -s + -y); cutesy; limpsy; mumsy; pudsy; teensy (from tiny)

Suffix forming nouns or adjectives, sometimes diminutive and usually informal or jocular.


обі-

Alternative form of об- (ob-) (used before certain consonant clusters)


peitri-

From Latin petra (“stone, rock”), from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “stone, rock”).


віді-

Alternative form of від- (vid-) (used before certain consonant clusters)


-ρός

-able, tending to be X'ed (for a verb X)


-sâp

Probably from sâpohtêw (“pass through”).

Used to form numerals from ten to twenty: -teen


-मत्

-mát (romanization)
-मान् (nominative singular)
-मन्तौ (dual nominative)
-मन्ता1 (dual nominative)
-मन्तः (nominative plural)
-मन् (singular vocative)
-मः2 (singular vocative)
-मन्तौ (dual vocative)
-मन्ता1 (dual vocative)
-मन्तः (plural vocative)
-मन्तम् (accusative singular)
-मन्तौ (accusative dual)
-मन्ता1 (accusative dual)
-मतः (accusative plural)
-मता (instrumental singular)
-मद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
-मद्भिः (instrumental plural)
-मते (dative singular)
-मद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
-मद्भ्यः (dative plural)
-मतः (ablative singular)
-मद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
-मद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
-मतः (genitive singular)
-मतोः (dual genitive)
-मताम् (genitive plural)
-मति (locative singular)
-मतोः (dual locative)
-मत्सु (locative plural)
-मती (nominative singular)
-मत्यौ (dual nominative)
-मती1 (dual nominative)
-मत्यः (nominative plural)
-मतीः1 (nominative plural)
-मति (singular vocative)
-मत्यौ (dual vocative)
-मती1 (dual vocative)
-मत्यः (plural vocative)
-मतीः1 (plural vocative)
-मतीम् (accusative singular)
-मत्यौ (accusative dual)
-मती1 (accusative dual)
-मतीः (accusative plural)
-मत्या (instrumental singular)
-मतीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
-मतीभिः (instrumental plural)
-मत्यै (dative singular)
-मतीभ्याम् (dative dual)
-मतीभ्यः (dative plural)
-मत्याः (ablative singular)
-मत्यै2 (ablative singular)
-मतीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
-मतीभ्यः (ablative plural)
-मत्याः (genitive singular)
-मत्यै2 (genitive singular)
-मत्योः (dual genitive)
-मतीनाम् (genitive plural)
-मत्याम् (locative singular)
-मत्योः (dual locative)
-मतीषु (locative plural)
-मत् (nominative singular)
-मती (dual nominative)
-मन्ति (nominative plural)
-मत् (singular vocative)
-मती (dual vocative)
-मन्ति (plural vocative)
-मत् (accusative singular)
-मती (accusative dual)
-मन्ति (accusative plural)
-मता (instrumental singular)
-मद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
-मद्भिः (instrumental plural)
-मते (dative singular)
-मद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
-मद्भ्यः (dative plural)
-मतः (ablative singular)
-मद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
-मद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
-मतः (genitive singular)
-मतोः (dual genitive)
-मताम् (genitive plural)
-मति (locative singular)
-मतोः (dual locative)
-मत्सु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *-mánts, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-mánts, from Proto-Indo-European *-ménts. Cognate with Avestan -𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬝 (-mant̰) and Persian ـمند (-mand).


겉-

From 겉 (geot, “surface, outside; appearance, exposure”).

겉밤

겉절이

freshly eaten pickled vegetables (without fermentation)

unpeeled, unhulled; without further preparation (of grains or fruit)


-erija

siment (“cement”) + -erija → simenterija (“cement factory”)

added to nouns to form other nouns meaning "place of" (an art, craft, or practice)


-odes

Borrowed from Latin -odēs (“-like, -oid”), Ancient Greek -ώδης (-ṓdēs, “-like”)


-kok

Borrowed from French -coque, from New Latin coccus, from Ancient Greek κόκκος (kókkos, “grain, seed”). Compare Persian ـکوک (-kok).


pnömo-

Borrowed from French pneumo-, from Ancient Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn, “lung”). Compare Persian پنوموـ (penomo-).


پنوموـ

Borrowed from French pneumo-, from Ancient Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn, “lung”). Compare Turkish pnömo-.


ـلوژی

head

ـلوژی • (-loži)

Borrowed from French -logie. Compare Turkish -loji.


-loji

Borrowed from French -logie. Compare Persian ـلوژی (-loži).


استرپتوـ

Borrowed from French strepto-, from Ancient Greek στρεπτός (streptós, “twisted”). Compare Turkish strepto-.


-coc

Borrowed from French -coque, from New Latin coccus, from Ancient Greek κόκκος (kókkos, “grain, seed”).


अन्-

From Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not, un-”) when followed by laryngeal and a vowel: that is, in an open syllable of the n̥HV- form. Compare Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-).


аудіо-

а́удіо (áudio)