etmək

edən (non-past participle subjective)
etmiş (participle past subjective)
edəcək (definite future participle subjective)
(mənim +) edəcəyim
(sənin +) edəcəyin
(onun +) edəcəyi
(bizim +) edəcəyimiz
(sizin +) edəcəyiniz
(onların +) edəcəyi
edəcəkləri
(mənim +) etdiyim
(sənin +) etdiyin
(onun +) etdiyi
(bizim +) etdiyimiz
(sizin +) etdiyiniz
(onların +) etdiyi
etdikləri
edib (converb)
edəndə (general participle temporal)
etdikcə (intensifier participle)
edərkən (participle specific temporal)
edə-edə
edərək (modal participle)
etmək (infinitive)
etmə (noun-from-verb)
edirəm (first-person indicative present singular)
edirsən (indicative present second-person singular)
edir (indicative present singular third-person)
edirik (first-person indicative plural present)
edirsiniz (indicative plural present second-person)
edirlər (indicative plural present third-person)
etmişəm (first-person indicative perfect perfect-i present singular)
etmisən (indicative perfect perfect-i present second-person singular)
etmişsən (indicative perfect perfect-i present second-person singular)
etmişdir (indicative perfect perfect-i present singular third-person)
etmişik (first-person indicative perfect perfect-i plural present)
etmisiniz (indicative perfect perfect-i plural present second-person)
etmişsiniz (indicative perfect perfect-i plural present second-person)
etmişlər (indicative perfect perfect-i plural present third-person)
edibsən (indicative perfect perfect-ii present second-person singular)
etib (indicative perfect perfect-ii present singular third-person)
etibdir (indicative perfect perfect-ii present singular third-person)
edibsiniz (indicative perfect perfect-ii plural present second-person)
ediblər (indicative perfect perfect-ii plural present third-person)
edibdirlər (indicative perfect perfect-ii plural present third-person)
etdim (first-person indicative past singular)
etdin (indicative past second-person singular)
etdi (indicative past singular third-person)
etdik (first-person indicative past plural)
etdiniz (indicative past plural second-person)
etdilər (indicative past plural third-person)
edirdim (continuative first-person indicative past singular)
edirdin (continuative indicative past second-person singular)
edirdi (continuative indicative past singular third-person)
edirdik (continuative first-person indicative past plural)
edirdiniz (continuative indicative past plural second-person)
edirdilər (continuative indicative past plural third-person)
etmişdim (first-person indicative past perfect singular)
etmişdin (indicative past perfect second-person singular)
etmişdi (indicative past perfect singular third-person)
etmişdik (first-person indicative past perfect plural)
etmişdiniz (indicative past perfect plural second-person)
etmişdilər (indicative past perfect plural third-person)
edəcəyəm (definite first-person future indicative singular)
edəcəksən (definite future indicative second-person singular)
edəcək (definite future indicative singular third-person)
edəcəyik (definite first-person future indicative plural)
edəcəksiniz (definite future indicative plural second-person)
edəcəklər (definite future indicative plural third-person)
edərəm (first-person future indefinite indicative singular)
edərsən (future indefinite indicative second-person singular)
edər (future indefinite indicative singular third-person)
edərik (first-person future indefinite indicative plural)
edərsiniz (future indefinite indicative plural second-person)
edərlər (future indefinite indicative plural third-person)
edəcəkdim (definite first-person indicative past-future singular)
edəcəkdin (definite indicative past-future second-person singular)
edəcəkdi (definite indicative past-future singular third-person)
edəcəkdik (definite first-person indicative past-future plural)
edəcəkdiniz (definite indicative past-future plural second-person)
edəcəkdilər (definite indicative past-future plural third-person)
edərdim (first-person indefinite indicative past-future singular)
edərdin (indefinite indicative past-future second-person singular)
edərdi (indefinite indicative past-future singular third-person)
edərdik (first-person indefinite indicative past-future plural)
edərdiniz (indefinite indicative past-future plural second-person)
edərdilər (indefinite indicative past-future plural third-person)
etsəm (conditional first-person present singular)
etsən (conditional present second-person singular)
etsə (conditional present singular third-person)
etsək (conditional first-person plural present)
etsəniz (conditional plural present second-person)
etsələr (conditional plural present third-person)
etsəydim (conditional first-person past singular)
etsəydin (conditional past second-person singular)
etsəydi (conditional past singular third-person)
etsəydik (conditional first-person past plural)
etsəydiniz (conditional past plural second-person)
etsəydilər (conditional past plural third-person)
edəm (first-person singular subjunctive)
edəsən (second-person singular subjunctive)
edə (singular subjunctive third-person)
edək (first-person plural subjunctive)
edəsiniz (plural second-person subjunctive)
edələr (plural subjunctive third-person)
edəsiyəm (first-person hortative singular)
edəsisən (hortative second-person singular)
edəsidir (hortative singular third-person)
edəsiyik (first-person hortative plural)
edəsisiniz (hortative plural second-person)
edəsidirlər (hortative plural third-person)
etməliyəm (first-person obligative present singular)
etməlisən (obligative present second-person singular)
etməlidir (obligative present singular third-person)
etməliyik (first-person obligative plural present)
etməlisiniz (obligative plural present second-person)
etməlidirlər (obligative plural present third-person)
etməliydim (first-person obligative past singular)
etməliydin (obligative past second-person singular)
etməliydi (obligative past singular third-person)
etməliydik (first-person obligative past plural)
etməliydiniz (obligative past plural second-person)
etməliydilər (obligative past plural third-person)
edirmişəm (evidential first-person present singular)
edirmişsən (evidential present second-person singular)
edirmiş (evidential present singular third-person)
edirmişik (evidential first-person plural present)
edirmişsiniz (evidential plural present second-person)
edirmişlər (evidential plural present third-person)
edibmişəm (evidential first-person past singular)
edibmişsən (evidential past second-person singular)
edibmiş (evidential past singular third-person)
edibmişik (evidential first-person past plural)
edibmişsiniz (evidential past plural second-person)
edibmişlər (evidential past plural third-person)
edim (first-person imperative singular)
et (imperative second-person singular)
etsin (imperative singular third-person)
edək (first-person imperative plural)
edəlim (first-person imperative plural)
edin (imperative plural second-person)
etsinlər (imperative plural third-person)
etməyən (negative non-past participle subjective)
etməmiş (negative participle past subjective)
etməyəcək (definite future negative participle subjective)
(mənim +) etməyəcəyim (first-person negative singular)
(sənin +) etməyəcəyin (negative second-person singular)
(onun +) etməyəcəyi (negative singular third-person)
(bizim +) etməyəcəyimiz (first-person negative plural)
(sizin +) etməyəcəyiniz (negative plural second-person)
(onların +) etməyəcəyi (negative plural third-person)
etməyəcəkləri (negative plural third-person)
(mənim +) etmədiyim (first-person negative non-subject participle singular)
(sənin +) etmədiyin (negative non-subject participle second-person singular)
(onun +) etmədiyi (negative non-subject participle singular third-person)
(bizim +) etmədiyimiz (first-person negative non-subject participle plural)
(sizin +) etmədiyiniz (negative non-subject participle plural second-person)
(onların +) etmədiyi (negative non-subject participle plural third-person)
etmədikləri (negative non-subject participle plural third-person)
etmədən (negative)
etməyəndə (general negative participle temporal)
etmədikcə (intensifier negative participle)
etməyərkən (negative participle specific temporal)
etməyərək (modal negative participle)
etməmək (infinitive negative)
etmirəm (first-person indicative negative present singular)
etmirsən (indicative negative present second-person singular)
etmir (indicative negative present singular third-person)
etmirik (first-person indicative negative plural present)
etmirsiniz (indicative negative plural present second-person)
etmirlər (indicative negative plural present third-person)
etməmişəm (first-person indicative negative perfect perfect-i present singular)
etməmisən (indicative negative perfect perfect-i present second-person singular)
etməmişsən (indicative negative perfect perfect-i present second-person singular)
etməmiş (indicative negative perfect perfect-i present singular third-person)
etməmişik (first-person indicative negative perfect perfect-i plural present)
etməmisiniz (indicative negative perfect perfect-i plural present second-person)
etməmişsiniz (indicative negative perfect perfect-i plural present second-person)
etməmişlər (indicative negative perfect perfect-i plural present third-person)
etməyibsən (indicative negative perfect perfect-ii present second-person singular)
etməyib (indicative negative perfect perfect-ii present singular third-person)
etməyibdir (indicative negative perfect perfect-ii present singular third-person)
etməyibsiniz (indicative negative perfect perfect-ii plural present second-person)
etməyiblər (indicative negative perfect perfect-ii plural present third-person)
etməyibdirlər (indicative negative perfect perfect-ii plural present third-person)
etmədim (first-person indicative negative past singular)
etmədin (indicative negative past second-person singular)
etmədi (indicative negative past singular third-person)
etmədik (first-person indicative negative past plural)
etmədiniz (indicative negative past plural second-person)
etmədilər (indicative negative past plural third-person)
etmirdim (continuative first-person indicative negative past singular)
etmirdin (continuative indicative negative past second-person singular)
etmirdi (continuative indicative negative past singular third-person)
etmirdik (continuative first-person indicative negative past plural)
etmirdiniz (continuative indicative negative past plural second-person)
etmirdilər (continuative indicative negative past plural third-person)
etməmişdim (first-person indicative negative past perfect singular)
etməmişdin (indicative negative past perfect second-person singular)
etməmişdi (indicative negative past perfect singular third-person)
etməmişdik (first-person indicative negative past perfect plural)
etməmişdiniz (indicative negative past perfect plural second-person)
etməmişdilər (indicative negative past perfect plural third-person)
etməyəcəyəm (definite first-person future indicative negative singular)
etməyəcəksən (definite future indicative negative second-person singular)
etməyəcək (definite future indicative negative singular third-person)
etməyəcəyik (definite first-person future indicative negative plural)
etməyəcəksiniz (definite future indicative negative plural second-person)
etməyəcəklər (definite future indicative negative plural third-person)
etmərəm (first-person future indefinite indicative negative singular)
etmərsən (future indefinite indicative negative second-person singular)
etməzsən (future indefinite indicative negative second-person singular)
etməz (future indefinite indicative negative singular third-person)
etmərik (first-person future indefinite indicative negative plural)
etmərsiniz (future indefinite indicative negative plural second-person)
etməzsiniz (future indefinite indicative negative plural second-person)
etməzlər (future indefinite indicative negative plural third-person)
etməyəcəkdim (definite first-person indicative negative past-future singular)
etməyəcəkdin (definite indicative negative past-future second-person singular)
etməyəcəkdi (definite indicative negative past-future singular third-person)
etməyəcəkdik (definite first-person indicative negative past-future plural)
etməyəcəkdiniz (definite indicative negative past-future plural second-person)
etməyəcəkdilər (definite indicative negative past-future plural third-person)
etməzdim (first-person indefinite indicative negative past-future singular)
etməzdin (indefinite indicative negative past-future second-person singular)
etməzdi (indefinite indicative negative past-future singular third-person)
etməzdik (first-person indefinite indicative negative past-future plural)
etməzdiniz (indefinite indicative negative past-future plural second-person)
etməzdilər (indefinite indicative negative past-future plural third-person)
etməsəm (conditional first-person negative present singular)
etməsən (conditional negative present second-person singular)
etməsə (conditional negative present singular third-person)
etməsək (conditional first-person negative plural present)
etməsəniz (conditional negative plural present second-person)
etməsələr (conditional negative plural present third-person)
etməsəydim (conditional first-person negative past singular)
etməsəydin (conditional negative past second-person singular)
etməsəydi (conditional negative past singular third-person)
etməsəydik (conditional first-person negative past plural)
etməsəydiniz (conditional negative past plural second-person)
etməsəydilər (conditional negative past plural third-person)
etməyəm (first-person negative singular subjunctive)
etməyəsən (negative second-person singular subjunctive)
etməyə (negative singular subjunctive third-person)
etməyək (first-person negative plural subjunctive)
etməyəsiniz (negative plural second-person subjunctive)
etməyələr (negative plural subjunctive third-person)
etməyəsiyəm (first-person hortative negative singular)
etməyəsisən (hortative negative second-person singular)
etməyəsi (hortative negative singular third-person)
etməyəsiyik (first-person hortative negative plural)
etməyəsisiniz (hortative negative plural second-person)
etməyəsilər (hortative negative plural third-person)
etməməliyəm (first-person negative obligative present singular)
etməməlisən (negative obligative present second-person singular)
etməməli (negative obligative present singular third-person)
etməməliyik (first-person negative obligative plural present)
etməməlisiniz (negative obligative plural present second-person)
etməməlilər (negative obligative plural present third-person)
etməməliydim (first-person negative obligative past singular)
etməməliydin (negative obligative past second-person singular)
etməməliydi (negative obligative past singular third-person)
etməməliydik (first-person negative obligative past plural)
etməməliydiniz (negative obligative past plural second-person)
etməməliydilər (negative obligative past plural third-person)
etməyirmişəm (evidential first-person negative present singular)
etməyirmişsən (evidential negative present second-person singular)
etməyirmiş (evidential negative present singular third-person)
etməyirmişik (evidential first-person negative plural present)
etməyirmişsiniz (evidential negative plural present second-person)
etməyirmişlər (evidential negative plural present third-person)
etməyibmişəm (evidential first-person negative past singular)
etməyibmişsən (evidential negative past second-person singular)
etməyibmiş (evidential negative past singular third-person)
etməyibmişik (evidential first-person negative past plural)
etməyibmişsiniz (evidential negative past plural second-person)
etməyibmişlər (evidential negative past plural third-person)
etməyim (first-person imperative negative singular)
etmə (imperative negative second-person singular)
etməsin (imperative negative singular third-person)
etməyək (first-person imperative negative plural)
edməyəlim (first-person imperative negative plural)
etməyin (imperative negative plural second-person)
etməsinlər (imperative negative plural third-person)
edəmməyən (negative non-past participle potential subjective)
edəmməyəcəq (definite future negative participle potential subjective)
(mənim +) edəmmədiyim (first-person negative non-subject participle potential singular)
(sənin +) edəmmədiyin (negative non-subject participle potential second-person singular)
(onun +) edəmmədiyi (negative non-subject participle potential singular third-person)
(bizim +) edəmmədiyimiz (first-person negative non-subject participle plural potential)
(sizin +) edəmmədiyiniz (negative non-subject participle plural potential second-person)
(onların +) edəmmədiyi (negative non-subject participle plural potential third-person)
edəmmədikləri (negative non-subject participle plural potential third-person)
edəmmədən (negative potential)
edəmməyəndə (general negative participle potential temporal)
edəmmədikcə (intensifier negative participle potential)
edəmməyərkən (negative participle potential specific temporal)
edəmməyərək (modal negative participle potential)
edəmməmək (infinitive negative potential)
edəmmirəm (first-person indicative negative present singular)
edəmmirsən (indicative negative present second-person singular)
edəmmir (indicative negative present singular third-person)
edəmmirik (first-person indicative negative plural present)
edəmmirsiniz (indicative negative plural present second-person)
edəmmirlər (indicative negative plural present third-person)
edəmməmişəm (first-person indicative negative perfect perfect-i present singular)
edəmməmisən (indicative negative perfect perfect-i present second-person singular)
edəmməmişsən (indicative negative perfect perfect-i present second-person singular)
edəmməmişdir (indicative negative perfect perfect-i present singular third-person)
edəmməmişik (first-person indicative negative perfect perfect-i plural present)
edəmməmisiniz (indicative negative perfect perfect-i plural present second-person)
edəmməmişsiniz (indicative negative perfect perfect-i plural present second-person)
edəmməşmilər (indicative negative perfect perfect-i plural present third-person)
edəmməyibsən (indicative negative perfect perfect-ii present second-person singular)
edəmməyib (indicative negative perfect perfect-ii present singular third-person)
edəmməyibdir (indicative negative perfect perfect-ii present singular third-person)
edəmməyibsiniz (indicative negative perfect perfect-ii plural present second-person)
edəmməyiblər (indicative negative perfect perfect-ii plural present third-person)
edəmməyibdirlər (indicative negative perfect perfect-ii plural present third-person)
edəmmədim (first-person indicative negative past singular)
edəmmədin (indicative negative past second-person singular)
edəmmədi (indicative negative past singular third-person)
edəmmədik (first-person indicative negative past plural)
edəmmədiniz (indicative negative past plural second-person)
edəmmədilər (indicative negative past plural third-person)
edəmmirdim (continuative first-person indicative negative past singular)
edəmmirdin (continuative indicative negative past second-person singular)
edəmmirdi (continuative indicative negative past singular third-person)
edəmmirdik (continuative first-person indicative negative past plural)
edəmmirdiniz (continuative indicative negative past plural second-person)
edəmmirdilir (continuative indicative negative past plural third-person)
edəmməmişdim (first-person indicative negative past perfect singular)
edəmməmişdin (indicative negative past perfect second-person singular)
edəmməmişdi (indicative negative past perfect singular third-person)
edəmməmişdik (first-person indicative negative past perfect plural)
edəmməmişdiniz (indicative negative past perfect plural second-person)
edəmməmişdilər (indicative negative past perfect plural third-person)
edəmməyəcəyəm (definite first-person future indicative negative singular)
edəmməyəcəksən (definite future indicative negative second-person singular)
edəmməyəcək (definite future indicative negative singular third-person)
edəmməyəcəyik (definite first-person future indicative negative plural)
edəmməyəcəksiniz (definite future indicative negative plural second-person)
edəmməyəcəklər (definite future indicative negative plural third-person)
edəmmərəm (first-person future indefinite indicative negative singular)
edəmmərsən (future indefinite indicative negative second-person singular)
edəmməzsən (future indefinite indicative negative second-person singular)
edəmməz (future indefinite indicative negative singular third-person)
edəmmərik (first-person future indefinite indicative negative plural)
edəmmərsiniz (future indefinite indicative negative plural second-person)
edəmməzsiniz (future indefinite indicative negative plural second-person)
edəmməzlər (future indefinite indicative negative plural third-person)
edəmməyəcəkdim (definite first-person indicative negative past-future singular)
edəmməyəcəkdin (definite indicative negative past-future second-person singular)
edəmməyəcəkdi (definite indicative negative past-future singular third-person)
edəmməyəcəkdik (definite first-person indicative negative past-future plural)
edəmməyəcəkdiniz (definite indicative negative past-future plural second-person)
edəmməyəcəkdilər (definite indicative negative past-future plural third-person)
edəmməzdim (first-person indefinite indicative negative past-future singular)
edəmməzdin (indefinite indicative negative past-future second-person singular)
edəmməzdi (indefinite indicative negative past-future singular third-person)
edəmməzdik (first-person indefinite indicative negative past-future plural)
edəmməzdiniz (indefinite indicative negative past-future plural second-person)
edəmməzdilər (indefinite indicative negative past-future plural third-person)
edəmməsəm (conditional first-person negative present singular)
edəmməsən (conditional negative present second-person singular)
edəmməsə (conditional negative present singular third-person)
edəmməsək (conditional first-person negative plural present)
edəmməsəniz (conditional negative plural present second-person)
edəmməsələr (conditional negative plural present third-person)
edəmməsəydim (conditional first-person negative past singular)
edəmməsəydin (conditional negative past second-person singular)
edəmməsəydi (conditional negative past singular third-person)
edəmməsəydik (conditional first-person negative past plural)
edəmməsəydiniz (conditional negative past plural second-person)
edəmməsəydilər (conditional negative past plural third-person)
edəmməyəm (first-person negative singular subjunctive)
edəmməyəsən (negative second-person singular subjunctive)
edəmməyə (negative singular subjunctive third-person)
edəmməyək (first-person negative plural subjunctive)
edəmməyəsiniz (negative plural second-person subjunctive)
edəmməyələr (negative plural subjunctive third-person)
edəmməyim (first-person imperative negative singular)
edəmmə (imperative negative second-person singular)
edəmməsin (imperative negative singular third-person)
edəmməyək (first-person imperative negative plural)
edəmməyin (imperative negative plural second-person)
edəmməsinlər (imperative negative plural third-person)

From Proto-Turkic *ēt-. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰃𐱅 (et-, “to make”), Turkish etmek.


-cigótico

es-adj

-cigótico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -cigótica, masculine plural -cigóticos, feminine plural -cigóticas)

-cigótica (feminine)
-cigóticos (masculine plural)
-cigóticas (feminine plural)


-ugo

-ūgō (canonical feminine)
-ūginis (genitive)
-ūgō (nominative singular)
-ūginēs (nominative plural)
-ūginis (genitive singular)
-ūginum (genitive plural)
-ūginī (dative singular)
-ūginibus (dative plural)
-ūginem (accusative singular)
-ūginēs (accusative plural)
-ūgine (ablative singular)
-ūginibus (ablative plural)
-ūgō (singular vocative)
-ūginēs (plural vocative)

A metanalysis of aerūca + nasal suffix *-n- > *aerūgn- > *aerūgin- > aerūgō as aes + -ūgō. Compare -īgō (suffix forming nouns).

aes (oblique stem: aer-) + -ūgō → aerūgō

albus + -ūgō → albūgō

aurum + -ūgō → aurūgō

ferrum + -ūgō → ferrūgō

lāna + -ūgō → lānūgō

salsus + -ūgō → salsūgō

vesper + -ūgō → vesperūgō

Suffixed to nouns and to adjectives, forms nouns denoting thin or superficial coatings, films, layers, platings vel sim. of materials.


typo-

Borrowed from Latin typo-, from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos).

typo- + -sphere → typosphere (“the community of typewriter enthusiasts”)

typo- + -meter → typometer (“a ruler used to measure typography”)

Forming terms relating to typing or typography.


bora-

(organic chemistry) Describing any compound in which a carbon atom (or a >CH group) has been replaced by one of boron


avio-

avio- + truppa (“troop”) → aviotruppa (“airborne troop”)

avio- + trasportare (“to carry, transport”) → aviotrasportare (“to transport by air”)

denoting connection to aircraft and aerial navigation in general; aero-


-ach-

From earlier -ac-, from Italian -accio. (Compare Esperanto -aĉ-).

kavalo (“horse”) + -ach- → kavalacho (“nag; a horse of low or bad quality”)

populo (“a people, population”) + -ach- → populacho (“rabble, riffraff; a blunt and badly led people”)

bela (“beautiful”) + -ach- → belacho (“insipid beauty, inexpressive, has no charm”)

dolca (“sweet”) + -ach- → dolcacha (“tasteless, flavorless, flat (of persons and things)”)

bravo (“a brave person”) + -ach- → bravacho (“swaggerer, blusterer, false braveness”)

papero (“paper”) + -ach- → paperacho (“useless paper, invaluable”)

Used to add a pejorative meaning, expressing a very low quality, nuance of despise, antipathy, disgust or repugnance, etc.


fibro-

(physiology, pathology) fibre/fiber; fibrous


-ans

From English -ance, from Middle English -aunce, -ance, from Anglo-Norman -aunce and continental Old French -ance, from Latin -antia, -entia.

ambulans

insurans

varians


oxaza-

(organic chemistry) Used to name compounds in which two carbon atoms have been replaced by one of oxygen and one of nitrogen


-sylindret

-cylinder (having a certain number of cylinders; used to form adjectives)


vacci-

vacci- + -cide → vaccicide


ـلەر

گۈل (gül) + ـلەر (-ler) → گۈللەر (güller)

ئۆي (öy) + ـلەر (-ler) → ئۆيلەر (öyler)

Used to form plurals of nouns, the last vowel of which is a front vowel.


ـلار

.تۇرغانلار ئۆيگە ماڭدى

Turghan (and others with him) went to home.

When talking about the group of people in the name of the leader.


-nema

From Ancient Greek νῆμᾰ (nêmă, “thread”). Compare nemat-.

(chiefly biology) Characteristic of, pertaining to, or possessing a filiform structure.


-kʾn'

Persian: ـگان (-gân)

Compare Old Armenian -ական (-akan), an Iranian borrowing.


-sifret

-digit (attributive; preceded by a number, e.g. five-digit)


splanchno-

From Ancient Greek σπλάγχνα (splánkhna, “viscera”).


augne-

used as the first part of compound words relating to the eye.


-adwy

credu (“to believe”) + -adwy → credadwy (“believable”)

dibynnu (“to depend”) + -adwy → dibynadwy (“dependable”)

bioddiraddio (“to biodegrade”) + -adwy → bioddiraddiadwy (“biodegradable”)

ofni (“to fear”) + -adwy → ofnadwy (“terrible”)

adjectival suffix indicating capability to be -able, -ible

rhuo (“to roar”) + -adwy → rhuadwy (“roaring”)

sefyll (“to stand”) + -adwy → safadwy (“standing”)

adjectival suffix indicating the performing the root


-elen

From Middle Dutch -elen, from Old Dutch -lon, from Proto-Germanic *-lōną.

frequentative verbal suffix; indicating repetition


-elen

English: -le

Scots: -le

From Old English -lian, from Proto-West Germanic *-lōn, from Proto-Germanic *-lōną.

A frequentative suffix of verbs, indicating repetition or continuousness; -le.


-𐍉𐌽𐍃

-ōns (romanization)
-𐍉𐌽𐍃 (nominative singular)
-𐍉𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃 (nominative plural)
-𐍉𐌽 (singular vocative)
-𐍉𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃 (plural vocative)
-𐍉𐌽 (accusative singular)
-𐍉𐌽𐌹𐌽𐍃 (accusative plural)
-𐍉𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍃 (genitive singular)
-𐍉𐌽𐌴 (genitive plural)
-𐍉𐌽𐌰𐌹 (dative singular)
-𐍉𐌽𐌹𐌼 (dative plural)

Forms feminine i-stem nouns from class 2 weak verbs


-𐌰𐌲𐍃

-ags (romanization)
-𐌰𐌲𐍃 (masculine nominative singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰 (feminine nominative singular)
-𐌰𐌲 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰 (accusative masculine singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰 (accusative feminine singular)
-𐌰𐌲 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (genitive masculine singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 (feminine genitive singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (genitive neuter singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 (dative masculine singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹 (dative feminine singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 (dative neuter singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹 (masculine nominative plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐍉𐍃 (feminine nominative plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰 (neuter nominative plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍃 (accusative masculine plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐍉𐍃 (accusative feminine plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰 (accusative neuter plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 (genitive masculine plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉 (feminine genitive plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 (genitive neuter plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌼 (dative masculine plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌼 (dative feminine plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌼 (dative neuter plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰 (masculine nominative singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐍉 (feminine nominative singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐍉 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽 (accusative masculine singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌽 (accusative feminine singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐍉 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍃 (genitive masculine singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌽𐍃 (feminine genitive singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍃 (genitive neuter singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽 (dative masculine singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌽 (dative feminine singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽 (dative neuter singular)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍃 (masculine nominative plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌽𐍃 (feminine nominative plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌽𐌰 (neuter nominative plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌽𐍃 (accusative feminine plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌽𐌰 (accusative neuter plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌴 (genitive masculine plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌽𐍉 (feminine genitive plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌴 (genitive neuter plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼 (dative masculine plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌼 (dative feminine plural)
-𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼 (dative neuter plural)


-𐌿𐌲𐍃

-ugs (romanization)
-𐌿𐌲𐍃 (masculine nominative singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰 (feminine nominative singular)
-𐌿𐌲 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰 (accusative masculine singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰 (accusative feminine singular)
-𐌿𐌲 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐌹𐍃 (genitive masculine singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 (feminine genitive singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐌹𐍃 (genitive neuter singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 (dative masculine singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹 (dative feminine singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 (dative neuter singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹 (masculine nominative plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐍉𐍃 (feminine nominative plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰 (neuter nominative plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍃 (accusative masculine plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐍉𐍃 (accusative feminine plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰 (accusative neuter plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 (genitive masculine plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉 (feminine genitive plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 (genitive neuter plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌼 (dative masculine plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌼 (dative feminine plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌼 (dative neuter plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰 (masculine nominative singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐍉 (feminine nominative singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐍉 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (accusative masculine singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐍉𐌽 (accusative feminine singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐍉 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍃 (genitive masculine singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐍉𐌽𐍃 (feminine genitive singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍃 (genitive neuter singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽 (dative masculine singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐍉𐌽 (dative feminine singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽 (dative neuter singular)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍃 (masculine nominative plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐍉𐌽𐍃 (feminine nominative plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐍉𐌽𐌰 (neuter nominative plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐍉𐌽𐍃 (accusative feminine plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐍉𐌽𐌰 (accusative neuter plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌴 (genitive masculine plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐍉𐌽𐍉 (feminine genitive plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌴 (genitive neuter plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌼 (dative masculine plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐍉𐌼 (dative feminine plural)
-𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌼 (dative neuter plural)


-енька

head

-енька • (-enʹka) m anim or m inan or f anim or f inan

-enʹka (romanization)
-енька (nominative singular)
-еньки (nominative plural)
-еньки (genitive singular)
-енек (genitive plural)
-еньке (dative singular)
-енькам (dative plural)
-еньку (accusative animate singular)
-енек (accusative animate plural)
-еньку (accusative inanimate singular)
-еньки (accusative inanimate plural)
-енькой (instrumental singular)
-енькою (instrumental singular)
-еньками (instrumental plural)
-еньке (prepositional singular)
-еньках (plural prepositional)

бог (box, “god”) + -енька (-enʹka) → бо́женька (bóženʹka, “god (endearing form)”)

тётя (tjótja, “aunt”) + -енька (-enʹka) → тётенька (tjótenʹka, “auntie (endearing form)”)

-онька -онька#Russian

alternative form of -онька (-onʹka) (used after soft consonants, the hushing consonants ш ж ч щ as well as ц): suffix forming diminutive, often endearing, nouns from other nouns and adjectives


-ίσκος

grc-noun

-ῐ́σκος • (-ĭ́skos) m (genitive -ῐ́σκου); second declension

-ῐ́σκος (canonical)
-ĭ́skos (romanization)
-ῐ́σκου (genitive)
-ῐ́σκος (nominative singular)
-ῐ́σκω (dual nominative)
-ῐ́σκοι (nominative plural)
-ῐ́σκου (genitive singular)
-ῐ́σκοιν (dual genitive)
-ῐ́σκων (genitive plural)
-ῐ́σκῳ (dative singular)
-ῐ́σκοιν (dative dual)
-ῐ́σκοις (dative plural)
-ῐ́σκον (accusative singular)
-ῐ́σκω (accusative dual)
-ῐ́σκους (accusative plural)
-ῐ́σκε (singular vocative)
-ῐ́σκω (dual vocative)
-ῐ́σκοι (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *-iskos, and cognate with English -ish. For more, see -ish.


-ιον

-ῐον • (-ĭon) n (genitive -ῐ́ου); second declension

-ῐον (canonical)
-ĭon (romanization)
-ῐ́ου (genitive)
-ῐον (nominative singular)
-ῐω (dual nominative)
-ῐᾰ (nominative plural)
-ῐου (genitive singular)
-ῐοιν (dual genitive)
-ῐων (genitive plural)
-ῐῳ (dative singular)
-ῐοιν (dative dual)
-ῐοις (dative plural)
-ῐον (accusative singular)
-ῐω (accusative dual)
-ῐᾰ (accusative plural)
-ῐον (singular vocative)
-ῐω (dual vocative)
-ῐᾰ (plural vocative)

Perhaps neuter substantivisation of -ιος (-ios, “adjective suffix”), from Proto-Indo-European *-yós.
For the development from adjective to diminutive, compare Sanskrit -क (-ka) and Proto-Slavic *-ъka. From the development from adjective to place, compare Latin -ārium.

Termination of neuter substantivations of adjectives in -ιος (-ios, “belonging to”, also forms parasynthetic compounds).


-άριον

-ᾰ́ρῐον • (-ắrĭon) n (genitive -ᾰρῐ́ου); second declension

-ᾰ́ρῐον (canonical)
-ắrĭon (romanization)
-ᾰρῐ́ου (genitive)
-ᾰ́ρῐον (nominative singular)
-ᾰρῐ́ω (dual nominative)
-ᾰ́ρῐᾰ (nominative plural)
-ᾰρῐ́ου (genitive singular)
-ᾰρῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
-ᾰρῐ́ων (genitive plural)
-ᾰρῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
-ᾰρῐ́οιν (dative dual)
-ᾰρῐ́οις (dative plural)
-ᾰ́ρῐον (accusative singular)
-ᾰρῐ́ω (accusative dual)
-ᾰ́ρῐᾰ (accusative plural)
-ᾰ́ρῐον (singular vocative)
-ᾰρῐ́ω (dual vocative)
-ᾰ́ρῐᾰ (plural vocative)


-mæssig

From German -mäßig, from Maß (“measure”) + -ig (“-y, -ly”).

forms adjectives meaning "regarding, concerning, in terms of"


-ович

-ovič (romanization)
-ович (nominative singular)
-овичи (nominative plural)
-овича (genitive singular)
-овичей (genitive plural)
-овичу (dative singular)
-овичам (dative plural)
-овича (accusative singular)
-овичей (accusative plural)
-овичем (instrumental singular)
-овичами (instrumental plural)
-овиче (prepositional singular)
-овичах (plural prepositional)

→ Komi-Zyrian: вич (vić)

Па́вел (Pável, “Paul”) + -ович (-ovič) → Па́влович (Pávlovič, “son of Pavel (Paul)”)

Ива́н (Iván, “John”) + -ович (-ovič) → Ива́нович (Ivánovič, “son of Ivan (John)”)

A masculine patronymic suffix added to a given name ending in a hard (unpalatalized) consonant: son of


-ович

-ovyč (romanization)
-о́вич (nominative singular)
-о́вичі (nominative plural)
-о́вича (genitive singular)
-о́вичів (genitive plural)
-о́вичеві (dative singular)
-о́вичу (dative singular)
-о́вичам (dative plural)
-о́вича (accusative singular)
-о́вичів (accusative plural)
-о́вичем (instrumental singular)
-о́вичами (instrumental plural)
-о́вичеві (locative singular)
-о́вичу (locative singular)
-о́вичі (locative singular)
-о́вичах (locative plural)
-о́вичу (singular vocative)
-о́вичі (plural vocative)

Павло́ (Pavló, “Paul”) + -ович (-ovyč) → Па́влович (Pávlovyč, “son of Pavel (Paul)”)

Іва́н (Iván, “John”) + -ович (-ovyč) → Іва́нович (Ivánovyč, “son of Ivan (John)”)


-ыч

-yč (romanization)
-ыч (nominative singular)
-ычи (nominative plural)
-ыча (genitive singular)
-ычей (genitive plural)
-ычу (dative singular)
-ычам (dative plural)
-ыча (accusative singular)
-ычей (accusative plural)
-ычем (instrumental singular)
-ычами (instrumental plural)
-ыче (prepositional singular)
-ычах (plural prepositional)

Па́вел (Pável, “Paul”) + -ыч (-yč) → Па́лыч (Pályč, “son of Paul”)

Ива́н (Iván, “John”) + -ыч (-yč) → Ива́ныч (Iványč, “son of John”)


-евич

-evič (romanization)
-евич (nominative singular)
-евичи (nominative plural)
-евича (genitive singular)
-евичей (genitive plural)
-евичу (dative singular)
-евичам (dative plural)
-евича (accusative singular)
-евичей (accusative plural)
-евичем (instrumental singular)
-евичами (instrumental plural)
-евиче (prepositional singular)
-евичах (plural prepositional)

И́горь (Ígorʹ, “Igor”) + -евич (-evič) → И́горевич (Ígorevič, “son of Igor”)

Тимофе́й (Timoféj, “Timothy”) + -евич (-evič) → Тимофе́евич (Timoféjevič, “son of Timothy”)

A masculine patronymic suffix added to a given name ending in a soft (palatalized) consonant: son of


-евич

-evyč (romanization)
-е́вич (nominative singular)
-е́вичі (nominative plural)
-е́вича (genitive singular)
-е́вичів (genitive plural)
-е́вичеві (dative singular)
-е́вичу (dative singular)
-е́вичам (dative plural)
-е́вича (accusative singular)
-е́вичів (accusative plural)
-е́вичем (instrumental singular)
-е́вичами (instrumental plural)
-е́вичеві (locative singular)
-е́вичу (locative singular)
-е́вичі (locative singular)
-е́вичах (locative plural)
-е́вичу (singular vocative)
-е́вичі (plural vocative)

І́гор (Íhor, “Paul”) + -евич (-evyč) → І́горевич (Íhorevyč, “son of Igor”)


scapho-

From Ancient Greek σκᾰ́φη (skắphē, “boat”).


-𐌹𐌶𐌰

-iza (romanization)
-𐌹𐌶𐌰 (masculine nominative singular)
-𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹 (feminine nominative singular)
-𐌹𐌶𐍉 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌽 (accusative masculine singular)
-𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽 (accusative feminine singular)
-𐌹𐌶𐍉 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐌹𐌶𐌹𐌽𐍃 (genitive masculine singular)
-𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (feminine genitive singular)
-𐌹𐌶𐌹𐌽𐍃 (genitive neuter singular)
-𐌹𐌶𐌹𐌽 (dative masculine singular)
-𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽 (dative feminine singular)
-𐌹𐌶𐌹𐌽 (dative neuter singular)
-𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌽𐍃 (masculine nominative plural)
-𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (feminine nominative plural)
-𐌹𐌶𐍉𐌽𐌰 (neuter nominative plural)
-𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌽𐍃 (accusative masculine plural)
-𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (accusative feminine plural)
-𐌹𐌶𐍉𐌽𐌰 (accusative neuter plural)
-𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌽𐌴 (genitive masculine plural)
-𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉 (feminine genitive plural)
-𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌽𐌴 (genitive neuter plural)
-𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌼 (dative masculine plural)
-𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌼 (dative feminine plural)
-𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌼 (dative neuter plural)

-er; forms comparative adjectives from grammatically positive adjectives


-𐍉𐌶𐌰

-ōza (romanization)
-𐍉𐌶𐌰 (masculine nominative singular)
-𐍉𐌶𐌴𐌹 (feminine nominative singular)
-𐍉𐌶𐍉 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐍉𐌶𐌰𐌽 (accusative masculine singular)
-𐍉𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽 (accusative feminine singular)
-𐍉𐌶𐍉 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐍉𐌶𐌹𐌽𐍃 (genitive masculine singular)
-𐍉𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (feminine genitive singular)
-𐍉𐌶𐌹𐌽𐍃 (genitive neuter singular)
-𐍉𐌶𐌹𐌽 (dative masculine singular)
-𐍉𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽 (dative feminine singular)
-𐍉𐌶𐌹𐌽 (dative neuter singular)
-𐍉𐌶𐌰𐌽𐍃 (masculine nominative plural)
-𐍉𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (feminine nominative plural)
-𐍉𐌶𐍉𐌽𐌰 (neuter nominative plural)
-𐍉𐌶𐌰𐌽𐍃 (accusative masculine plural)
-𐍉𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (accusative feminine plural)
-𐍉𐌶𐍉𐌽𐌰 (accusative neuter plural)
-𐍉𐌶𐌰𐌽𐌴 (genitive masculine plural)
-𐍉𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉 (feminine genitive plural)
-𐍉𐌶𐌰𐌽𐌴 (genitive neuter plural)
-𐍉𐌶𐌰𐌼 (dative masculine plural)
-𐍉𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌼 (dative feminine plural)
-𐍉𐌶𐌰𐌼 (dative neuter plural)


-drecht

From Middle Dutch -drecht.
Van Berkel and Samplonius (2006) derive this element from *drifti- (“creek, waterway”) (related to modern Dutch drijven (“to float”), following earlier scholars.
Van Osta (1996) however considers this unlikely for various reasons; for example, the ft to cht change that this view supposes is contradicted by the fact that in earlier attestations and in dialects where this change did not happen until much later, -cht is always found instead of the expected -ft. In his conclusion he follows Pottmeyer (1929) in his view that the element likely is to be reconstructed as a noun derived from *draganą (“to pull, draw, carry”), but unlike Pottmeyer (who interprets it as a portage), Van Osta believes it refers to a waterway with a towpath.
The old explanation, that -drecht is derived from Latin traiectum (which is the case for the toponymic element -trecht in Utrecht for example), has been rejected by many scholars (due to the unexplained change of tr to dr, among other reasons), though the claim is still repeated by some authors. Van Osta treats this at length.
Also see hypotheses in Ancient Belgian language which suggest substrate influence.

a common element in Dutch placenames. The exact meaning is contested; see etymology


osmo-

From Ancient Greek ὠσμός (ōsmós, “push”), from ὠθέω (ōthéō).


-adenia

From Ancient Greek ἀδήν (adḗn, “gland”) + -ia.


sclero-

From Ancient Greek σκληρός (sklērós, “hard”).


vasculo-

From New Latin vasculāris, from Latin vasculum.

Vessel: Relating to blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, or both.


esophago-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek οἰσοφάγος (oisophágos, “oesophagus”).

(anatomy) esophagus (oesophagus); esophageal (oesophageal).

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


viti-

Borrowed from Latin vītis (“grapevine”). Doublet of vit.


fuŝ-

fuŝ- + verko (“artwork”) → fuŝverko (“botched artwork, bungled artwork, ill-conceived artwork”)

(colloquial) botched, bungled, ill-conceived, ruined.


somato-

From Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”). Compare soma.


bronto-

Ancient Greek βροντή (brontḗ, “thunder”)


-α

From the neuter accusative plural ending -ᾰ (-ă).

σᾰφ-ής (săph-ḗs, “clear”) + -ᾰ (-ă) → σᾰ́φᾰ (sắphă, “clearly”)

Added to adjectival roots to form an adverb: -ly


-α

μπουκάλι (boukáli, “bottle”) + -α (-a) → μπουκάλα (boukála, “large bottle”)

used with a noun to form an augmentative:

γρήγορος (grígoros, “quick”) + -α (-a) → γρήγορα (grígora, “quickly”)

added to adjectival roots to form an adverb:

καρότο (karóto, “carrot”) + -α (-a) → καρότα (karóta, “carrots”, plural case forms)

φύλακας (fýlakas, “guard”) + -α (-a) → φύλακα (fýlaka, single case forms)


-τζής

-tzís (romanization)
-τζού (feminine)
-τζής (nominative singular)
-τζήδες (nominative plural)
-τζή (genitive singular)
-τζήδων (genitive plural)
-τζή (accusative singular)
-τζήδες (accusative plural)
-τζή (singular vocative)
-τζήδες (plural vocative)

-τζίδικο

place where the above occupations take place

ταξί (taxí, “taxi”) + -τζής (-tzís) → ταξιτζής (taxitzís, “taxi driver”)

παλιά (paliá, “old stuff”) + -τζής (-tzís) → παλιατζής (paliatzís, “junk dealer”)

καφές (kafés, “coffee”) + -τζής (-tzís) → καφετζής (kafetzís, “cafe owner”)

added to a noun, to create words for a male person who has an occupation related to that noun:

πλάκα (pláka, “joke, fun”) + -τζής (-tzís) → πλακατζής (plakatzís, “joker”)

καβγάς (kavgás, “fight”) + -τζής (-tzís) → καβγατζής (kavgatzís, “brawler”)

added to a noun, to create words for a male person who has does something related to that noun:


-τζού

-tzoú (romanization)
-τζής (masculine)
-τζού (nominative singular)
-τζούδες (nominative plural)
-τζούς (genitive singular)
-τζούδων (genitive plural)
-τζού (accusative singular)
-τζούδες (accusative plural)
-τζού (singular vocative)
-τζούδες (plural vocative)

ταξί (taxí, “taxi”) + -τζού (-tzoú) → ταξιτζού (taxitzoú, “taxi driver”)

καφές (kafés, “coffee”) + -τζού (-tzoú) → καφετζού (kafetzoú, “cafe owner”)

added to a noun, to create words for a female person who has an occupation related to that noun:

πλάκα (pláka, “joke, fun”) + -τζού (-tzoú) → πλακατζού (plakatzoú, “joker”)

καβγάς (kavgás, “fight”) + -τζού (-tzoú) → καβγατζού (kavgatzoú, “brawler”)

added to a noun, to create words for a female person who has does something related to that noun:


-τζίδικο

-tzídiko (romanization)
-τζίδικο (nominative singular)
-τζίδικα (nominative plural)
-τζίδικου (genitive singular)
-τζίδικων (genitive plural)
-τζίδικο (accusative singular)
-τζίδικα (accusative plural)
-τζίδικο (singular vocative)
-τζίδικα (plural vocative)

σουβλάκι (souvláki, “souvlaki”) + -τζίδικο (-tzídiko) → σουβλατζίδικο (souvlatzídiko, “souvlaki shop”)

ψιλικά (psiliká, “small items”) + -τζίδικο (-tzídiko) → ψιλικατζίδικο (psilikatzídiko, “convenience store”)

παλιά (paliá, “old stuff”) + -τζίδικο (-tzídiko) → παλιατζίδικο (paliatzídiko, “junk shop”)

added to a noun, to create words for a shop or store that sells that noun:

-τζού

female owner or worker at the above locations


πρωτ-

πρωτο- πρωτο-#Greek


πρωθ-

πρωτο- πρωτο-#Greek


balneo-

balneo- + terapia → balneoterapia


lyso-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek λύσις (lúsis, “a loosening”).


glio-

# From glia + -o-.
# From Ancient Greek γλία (glía, “glue”).

glioblastoma, gliomyoma

gliosome, gliocyte, gliosis


elasto-

elasto- + -metr → elastometr


υδρο-

From Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”).

υδρ-

used before morphemes that begin with a vowel

υδρο- (ydro-) + βίος (víos, “life”) → υδρόβιος (ydróvios, “aquatic”)

υδρο- (ydro-) + αυλός (avlós, “pipe”) → υδραυλικός (ydravlikós, “hydraulic, plumber”)

υδρο- (ydro-) + φίλος (fílos, “friend”) → υδρόφιλος (ydrófilos, “water-loving, hydrophilic”)

υδρο- (ydro-) + πτερύγιο (pterýgio, “flap, flipper”) → υδροπτέρυγο (ydroptérygo, “hydrofoil”)

υδρο- (ydro-) + λήψομαι (lípsomai, “to receive”) → υδροληψία (ydrolipsía, “water supply”)

υδρο- (ydro-) + θεραπεία (therapeía, “therapy”) → υδροθεραπεία (ydrotherapeía, “hydrotherapy”)

υδρο- (ydro-) + άργυρος (árgyros, “silver”) → υδράργυρος (ydrárgyros, “mercury”)

υδρο- (ydro-) + γόνος (gónos, “progeny, offspring”) → υδρογόνο (ydrogóno, “hydrogen”)

added before a noun, adjective or verb to create words that indicates something related to water; hydro-:

υδρο- (ydro-) + χλώριο (chlório, “chlorine”) → υδροχλώριο (ydrochlório, “hydrogen chloride”)

υδρο- (ydro-) + θείο (theío, “sulfur”) → υδρόθειο (ydrótheio, “hydrogen sulfide”)

υδρο- (ydro-) + λύση (lýsi, “solution”) → υδρόλυση (ydrólysi, “hydrolysis”)

(chemistry) added before a noun or adjective to create words for chemical element compounds with hydrogen or, more rarely, water:


υδρό-

υδρο- υδρο-#Greek


υδρ-

υδρο- υδρο-#Greek


-జ

భూమిజ భూమిజ#Telugu

A suffix, usually feminine used to denote born or produced as in భూమిజ (bhūmija).


-జుడు

భూమిజుడు భూమిజుడు#Telugu

A suffix, usually masculine used to denote born or produced as in భూమిజుడు (bhūmijuḍu).


ำ

Borrowed from Old Khmer -am- on the basis of pairs such as ขลัง (klǎng, “potent”) and กำลัง (gam-lang, “vigour”) from the ancestors of modern Khmer ខ្លាំង (khlang) and កម្លាំង (kɑmlang).


-fon

Borrowed from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).


-fon

Borrowed from English -phone or Dutch -foon.

telefon

xilofon

alofon


-fon

From Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).


-fon

-fon (nominative singular)
-fony (nominative plural)
-fonu (genitive singular)
-fonów (genitive plural)
-fonowi (dative singular)
-fonom (dative plural)
-fon (accusative singular)
-fony (accusative plural)
-fonem (instrumental singular)
-fonami (instrumental plural)
-fonie (locative singular)
-fonach (locative plural)
-fonie (singular vocative)
-fony (plural vocative)

tele- + -fon → telefon


-aľь

-aľь (nominative singular)
-aľa (dual nominative)
-aľi (nominative plural)
-aľa (genitive singular)
-aľu (dual genitive)
-aľь (genitive plural)
-aľu (dative singular)
-aľema (dative dual)
-aľemъ (dative plural)
-aľь (accusative singular)
-aľa (accusative dual)
-aľę̇ (accusative plural)
-aľьmь (instrumental singular)
-aľemь (instrumental singular)
-aľema (dual instrumental)
-aľi (instrumental plural)
-aľi (locative singular)
-aľu (dual locative)
-aľixъ (locative plural)
-aľu (singular vocative)
-aľa (dual vocative)
-aľi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -аль (-alĭ)

Belarusian: -а́ль (-álʹ)

Russian: -аль (-alʹ), -а́ль (-álʹ)

Ukrainian: -а́ль (-álʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: —

Bulgarian: —

Macedonian: —

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -аљ

Latin script: -alj

Slovene: -ar

West Slavic:

Czech: -al, -ál, -áľ

Old Polish: -al

Polish: -al

Slovak: -al, -ál, -áľ

Slovincian: -ol

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: -al

Cognate with Lithuanian -lỹs in pirklỹs (< pir̃kti), piršlỹs (< pir̃šti).

kovati (“to forge”) → *kovaľь (“blacksmith”)

kopati (“to dig”) → *kopaľь (“digger”)

xaxati → *xaxaľь

obьrtati → *obьrtaľь (compare *obьrtalъ, *obьrtelъ)

gora (“mountain”) → *goraľь (“mountain dweller”) (compare *gorakъ, *gorěnъ / *gorěninъ)

nosъ (“nose”) → *nosaľь (“human with big nose”) (compare *nosačь, *nosakъ, *nosanъ, *nosařь)

lysъ (“bald”) → *lysaľь (compare *lysačь, *lysakъ, *lysanъ)

(added to verbs)
(added to nouns)
(added to adjectives)


ακριβο-

ακριβο- (akrivo-) + γιος (gios, “son”) → ακριβογιός (akrivogiós, “precious son”)

expressing: expensiveness, high value, (and figuratively) preciousness, importance

ακριβο- (akrivo-) + δίκαιος (díkaios, “just, fair”) → ακριβοδίκαιος (akrivodíkaios, “scrupulously fair”)

expressing: accuracy, care, meticulousness


sten-

Ultimately an intensifier related to sten (“stone”), as in calling someone "stone-deaf," with parallels in Icelandic such as stein óður (“stone mad”). Compare German sten-, Icelandic stein-.


sten-

very, exceedingly, profoundly (intensifier, in some words)


dento-

Combining form of Latin dens (tooth) with -o-, after the pattern of Greek combining words


νη-

* From Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not, un-”) when followed by the laryngeal *h₁ and a consonant (i.e. *n̥h₁C-), which yielded Proto-Hellenic *nē-
* In Attic–Ionic, also derived from sequences of *n̥- followed by *h₂ and a consonant (i.e. *n̥h₂C-), which yielded Proto-Hellenic *nā- and νᾱ- (nā-) in other dialects


να-

From Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not, un-”) when followed by the laryngeal *h₂ and a consonant (i.e. *n̥h₂C-).


νω-

From Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not, un-”) when followed by the laryngeal *h₃ and a consonant (i.e. *n̥h₃C-).


-stu

-stu (genitive)
-stut (partitive)
-stu (nominative singular)
-stud (nominative plural)
-stu (accusative nominative singular)
-stud (accusative nominative plural)
-stu (accusative genitive singular)
-stud (accusative genitive plural)
-stu (genitive singular)
-stute (genitive plural)
-stut (partitive singular)
-stuid (partitive plural)
-stusse (illative singular)
-stutesse (illative plural)
-stuisse (illative plural)
-stus (inessive singular)
-stutes (inessive plural)
-stuis (inessive plural)
-stust (elative singular)
-stutest (elative plural)
-stuist (elative plural)
-stule (allative singular)
-stutele (allative plural)
-stuile (allative plural)
-stul (adessive singular)
-stutel (adessive plural)
-stuil (adessive plural)
-stult (ablative singular)
-stutelt (ablative plural)
-stuilt (ablative plural)
-stuks (singular translative)
-stuteks (plural translative)
-stuiks (plural translative)
-stuni (singular terminative)
-stuteni (plural terminative)
-stuna (essive singular)
-stutena (essive plural)
-stuta (abessive singular)
-stuteta (abessive plural)
-stuga (comitative singular)
-stutega (comitative plural)

linn "city" → linnastu "metropolitan area"

kalm "burial mound" → kalmistu "graveyard"

puu "tree" → puistu "a part of a forest with the same features"

Forms collective nouns from nouns indicating individual things.


synapto-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek συνάπτω (sunáptō, “to conjoin, to connect”).


καρα-

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قره (kara, “black”).

καρα- (kara-) + πουτάνα (poutána, “prostitute”) → καραπουτάνα (karapoutána)

καρα- (kara-) + γύφτος (gýftos, “gypsy”) → καράγυφτος (karágyftos)

indicating and reinforcing negative or abusive attributes


-gony

From Ancient Greek γονή (gonḗ, “generation”).

telegony (tele- + -gony)

gametogony (gamete + -o- + -gony)

Forms nouns that describe the genesis of a class of thing.


edgelord

en-verb

edgelord (third-person singular simple present edgelords, present participle edgelording, simple past and past participle edgelorded)

edgelords (present singular third-person)
edgelording (participle present)
edgelorded (participle past)
edgelorded (past)

From edge (“the quality of being edgy”) + -lord, compare to shitlord.

suf

The Crimson doesn't name any names, probably because no one wants to be known as the kid who almost went to Harvard except they edgelorded too hard.

2017 June 5, Sarah Jeong, “Students Lose Acceptance to Harvard Over Racist Memes”, in Vice:

Logan is a great example of the false depth that comes from denying morals just for the sake of edgelording.

2018, Richard Greene, Joshua Heter, editors, Westworld and Philosophy: Mind Equals Blown, Open Court Publishing, →ISBN:

I have personally used and enjoyed the Perl language for nearly 30 years, and it's distressing to see the bigotry and edgelording coming from prominent elements of the community—not to mention the board's failures to respond decisively.

2021 August 14, Jim Salter, “The Perl Foundation is fragmenting over Code of Conduct enforcement”, in Ars Technica:

(originally Internet slang, mildly derogatory) To behave like an edgelord; to provoke with risque behaviour.


sympatho-

sympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system


crico-

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the cricoid cartilage.


-gûasu

Nheengatu: -wasú

→ Portuguese: -açu, -guaçu

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-wat͡ʃu, from Proto-Tupian *-at͡ʃu.
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní guaxu and Guaraní guasu.

etymon

paranã (“sea”) + -gûasu → paranãgûasu (“ocean”, literally “big sea”)

[…]pirâgoaçû[…]

1555, Joseph of Anchieta, chapter V, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, published 1595, page 13:

Oçoquendab aêcaramemoã itá / goaçupepè.

(Can we date this quote?), Antônio de Araújo, “Do que paſsou deſpois, &c.” (chapter XI), in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon, page 64v:


-ння

LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Po ukraińsku (Andriana)--ння.wav


καρά-

καρά- (kará-) + γύφτος (gýftos, “gypsy”) → καράγυφτος (karágyftos)

καρα- καρα-#Greek


eba-

From Proto-Finnic *epä. Cognate to Finnish epä-.

eba- + aus (“honest”) → ebaaus (“dishonest”)

eba- + selge (“clear”) → ebaselge (“unclear”)


ú-

Icelandic: ó-

Faroese: ó-

Norwegian Nynorsk: u-, o-

Old Swedish: ō-

Swedish: o-

Danish: u-

Norwegian Bokmål: u-

Inherited from Proto-Norse ᚢᚾ- (un-), from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-, a prefix use of the particle *ne (“not”). Cognates include Middle High German un-, Old English un-, Latin in- and Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-).


í-

(disjunct prefix of position I); postpositional prefix meaning “against”; it is often found in contraction with ná- (“around”, reversionary) as (b)éé-, where it converges in shape with -é (“about”)


baryo-

Clipping of baryon. From Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús, “heavy”).


-isisa

Forms verbs indicating an intense or quick action.


vestibulo-

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the vestibule.


-nna

-nna (genitive)
-nnat (partitive)
-nna (nominative singular)
-nnad (nominative plural)
-nna (accusative nominative singular)
-nnad (accusative nominative plural)
-nna (accusative genitive singular)
-nnad (accusative genitive plural)
-nna (genitive singular)
-nnade (genitive plural)
-nnat (partitive singular)
-nnasid (partitive plural)
-nnasse (illative singular)
-nnadesse (illative plural)
-nnas (inessive singular)
-nnades (inessive plural)
-nnast (elative singular)
-nnadest (elative plural)
-nnale (allative singular)
-nnadele (allative plural)
-nnal (adessive singular)
-nnadel (adessive plural)
-nnalt (ablative singular)
-nnadelt (ablative plural)
-nnaks (singular translative)
-nnadeks (plural translative)
-nnani (singular terminative)
-nnadeni (plural terminative)
-nnana (essive singular)
-nnadena (essive plural)
-nnata (abessive singular)
-nnadeta (abessive plural)
-nnaga (comitative singular)
-nnadega (comitative plural)

From German -in. Introduced by Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald.

eestlane "Estonian (person)" → eestlanna "female Estonian"

laulja "singer" → lauljanna "female singer"

kuningas "king" → kuninganna "queen"

Forms feminine agent or occupational nouns


𐌰𐌽𐌳-

Verbal prefix signifying an action "against" or "toward".


-urnus

-urna (feminine)
-urnum (neuter)
-urnus (masculine nominative singular)
-urna (feminine nominative singular)
-urnum (neuter nominative singular)
-urnī (masculine nominative singular)
-urnae (feminine nominative plural)
-urna (neuter nominative plural)
-urnī (genitive masculine singular)
-urnae (feminine genitive singular)
-urnī (genitive neuter singular)
-urnōrum (genitive masculine singular)
-urnārum (feminine genitive plural)
-urnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-urnō (dative masculine singular)
-urnae (dative feminine singular)
-urnō (dative neuter singular)
-urnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
-urnum (accusative masculine singular)
-urnam (accusative feminine singular)
-urnum (accusative neuter singular)
-urnōs (accusative masculine singular)
-urnās (accusative feminine plural)
-urna (accusative neuter plural)
-urnō (ablative masculine singular)
-urnā (ablative feminine singular)
-urnō (ablative neuter singular)
-urnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
-urne (masculine singular vocative)
-urna (feminine singular vocative)
-urnum (neuter singular vocative)
-urnī (masculine singular vocative)
-urnae (feminine plural vocative)
-urna (neuter plural vocative)

By reanalysis of diurnus (“of the day”), which is from obsolete nominative diūs + -nus. Probably first spread to nocturnus (“of the night”) analogically, then to other terms.

albus + -urnus → alburnus

diū (comparative stem: diūt-) + -urnus → diūturnus

nox (oblique stem: noct-) + -urnus → nocturnus

tacitus + -urnus → taciturnus

Enlargement of -nus (suffix forming adjectives).


Syro-

the Syro-Libyan confederation


-lain

-lain (nominative singular)
-laiset (nominative plural)
-laisen (genitive singular)
-laisiin (genitive plural)
-laista (partitive singular)
-laist (partitive singular)
-laisia (partitive plural)
-laisee (illative singular)
-laisii (illative plural)
-laisees (inessive singular)
-laisiis (inessive plural)
-laisest (elative singular)
-laisist (elative plural)
-laiselle (allative singular)
-laisille (allative plural)
-laiseel (adessive singular)
-laisiil (adessive plural)
-laiselt (ablative singular)
-laisilt (ablative plural)
-laiseks (singular translative)
-laisiks (plural translative)
-laisenna (essive singular)
-laiseen (essive singular)
-laisinna (essive plural)
-laisiin (essive plural)
-laisent (exessive singular)
-laisint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *-lainen. Cognates include Finnish -lainen and Estonian -lane.
The sense "kind of" developed separately, ultimately from a combination of Old Swedish slagh + -in, probably via Finnish -lainen.

ižorat (“Ingrians”) + -lain → ižoralain (“Ingrian”)

Used to form ethnonyms from plural ethnonyms and names of locations.

api (“help”) + -lain → apilain (“helper”)

Used to form nouns for people that are characterised by the suffixed noun.

yks (“one, same”) + -lain → yhenlain (“similar”)

Used to form adjectives indicating a smaller degree of a quality; kind of


-lain

-lain (nominative singular)
-laizõd (nominative plural)
-laizõ (genitive singular)
-laisiijõ (genitive plural)
-laisii (genitive plural)
-laissõ (partitive singular)
-laisiitõ (partitive plural)
-laisii (partitive plural)
-laisõ (illative singular)
-laisõsõ (illative singular)
-laisiisõ (illative plural)
-laizõz (inessive singular)
-laisiiz (inessive plural)
-laizõssõ (elative singular)
-laisiissõ (elative plural)
-laizõlõ (allative singular)
-laisiilõ (allative plural)
-laizõllõ (adessive singular)
-laisiillõ (adessive plural)
-laizõltõ (ablative singular)
-laisiiltõ (ablative plural)
-laizõssi (singular translative)
-laisiissi (plural translative)

viro (“Estonia”) → virolain (“an Estonian person”)

õma (“own”) → õmalain (“relative, ally, one's own people”)

ühsi (“one”) → ühsilain (“lonely person”)

Forms nouns with the meaning of "inhabitant", or agent nouns that have the characteristic of the noun that it is derived from


-graphisch

Latin -graphicus (in terms like geōgraphicus) or -graph + -isch


-pflichtig

/ˈp͡flɪçtɪç/

LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--pflichtig.wav


-ушки

-ушки (canonical)
-у́шки (canonical)
-uški (romanization)
-úški (romanization)
-нюшки (also)
-ушки (nominative plural)
-у́шки (nominative plural)
-ушек (genitive plural)
-у́шек (genitive plural)
-ушкам (dative plural)
-у́шкам (dative plural)
-ушки (accusative plural)
-у́шки (accusative plural)
-ушками (instrumental plural)
-у́шками (instrumental plural)
-ушках (plural prepositional)
-у́шках (plural prepositional)

потяг- (potjag-, “to stretch”) + -у́шки (-úški) → потягу́шки (potjagúški, “stretching”) (children's talk)

фи́га (fíga, “fig sign”) + -ушки (-uški) → фи́гушки (fíguški, “buggerall, the hell (I do)”) (expressive denial)

нет (net, “no”) + -ушки (-uški) → не́тушки (nétuški, “nope”)

агу́шки (imitating baby talk) ― agúški

(colloquial, chiefly diminutive, produces particles or nouns)


yond-

a prefix meaning beyond; across; through; over; ultra-


-eel

Borrowed from French -el, from Latin -ālis. Doublet of -aal.

emotie + -eel → emotioneel


-лх

From Proto-Mongolic *-la-.
Unclear relationship (if any) with Proto-Turkic *-lā- and Proto-Tungusic *-la-.
Compare Mongolian -лах (-lax).


-𐌷𐌿𐌽

Forms indefinite pronouns, with the suffixed word often being preceded by the particle 𐌽𐌹 (ni).


xenna-

From Ancient Greek ἐννέα (ennéa, “nine”), for the ninth order of 10³, and the letter x, as the third term in a series running backwards through the alphabet (after zetta- and yotta-). The final a conforms to the final vowel of the SI series from mega- upwards.

The SI prefixes above are not the only extreme ones. Others such as xenno (x) (10⁻²⁷) and xenna (X) (10²⁷), or vendeko (v) (10⁻³³) and vendeka (V) (10³³) exist, and can help simplify the expression of extreme numbers.

1994, IPC Magazines, New Scientist, volume 144, page 81:

If we try to calculate the mass of earth it comes to 6 xennagrams which is nothing but 6x10²⁴ kilograms or 6x10²⁷ gms.

1997, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Science Reporter, volume 34, page 23:

But that's nothing: our universe is about 0.8 Xm (Xennametres, billions of billions of billions of metres) in diameter.

2015, Claude Phipps, No Wonder You Wonder!: Great Inventions and Scientific Mysteries, Springer, page 62:

(informal) Synonym of ronna- (used before an official prefix existed). Symbol: X


через-

Adjectival and nominal prefix, used in specialized terminology, slightly productive: trans-, cross-

через- (čerez-) + борозда́ (borozdá, “furrow”) + -ый (-yj) → черезборо́здый (čerezborózdyj, “in alternating furrows”)

через- (čerez-) + ряд (rjad, “row, line”) + -ный (-nyj) → черезря́дный (čerezrjádnyj, “in alternating rows”)

через- (čerez-) + зерно́ (zernó, “seed, grain”) + -ица (-ica) → череззе́рница (čerezzérnica, “partial absence of seeds (in some spikelets of ears of grain)”)

Adjectival and nominal prefix, used in specialized terminology, slightly productive: alternating


ब-

Borrowed from Classical Persian به (ba) and possibly با (bâ, “with”).


-lt

vapper "brave" → vapralt "bravely"

lihtne "easy", "simple" → lihtsalt "easily", "simply", "just"

sitt "shit", "bad → sitalt "badly"


-वाद

From Sanskrit वाद (vāda, “saying, speech; assertion; dispute”).

der

support of, following, -ism; an ideology


־טע

Sometimes used to form feminine equivalents of masculine nouns.


-ālos

-ālos (nominative singular)
-ālou (dual nominative)
-āloi (nominative plural)
-āle (singular vocative)
-ālou (dual vocative)
-āloi (plural vocative)
-ālom (accusative singular)
-ālou (accusative dual)
-āloms (accusative plural)
-ālī (genitive singular)
-ālous (dual genitive)
-ālom (genitive plural)
-ālūi (dative singular)
-ālobom (dative dual)
-ālobos (dative plural)
-ālū (instrumental singular)
-ālobim (dual instrumental)
-ālobis (instrumental plural)
-ālā (nominative singular)
-ālai (dual nominative)
-ālās (nominative plural)
-ālā (singular vocative)
-ālai (dual vocative)
-ālās (plural vocative)
-ālam (accusative singular)
-ālai (accusative dual)
-ālams (accusative plural)
-ālās (genitive singular)
-ālai (dative singular)
-ālābom (dative dual)
-ālābos (dative plural)
-ālābim (dual instrumental)
-ālābis (instrumental plural)
-ālom (nominative singular)
-ālā (nominative plural)
-ālom (singular vocative)
-ālā (plural vocative)
-ālā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *-ọl

Old Breton: -ol

Middle Breton: -el

Breton: -el

Cornish: -el

Old Welsh: -ol

Middle Welsh: -awl

Welsh: -ol

Old Irish: -all

From Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂los, from *-eh₂ (a-stem suffix) + *-lós (adjectival suffix). Cognate with Latin -ālis.


𐌼𐌹𐌸-

See 𐌼𐌹𐌸 (miþ, “with”). Compare German mit-.

Verbal prefix indicating that the prefixed action is performed together, similar to co-. Verbs with this prefix frequently govern the dative case.


-acius

-ācius (canonical)
-ācia (feminine)
-ācium (neuter)
-ācius (masculine nominative singular)
-ācia (feminine nominative singular)
-ācium (neuter nominative singular)
-āciī (masculine nominative singular)
-āciae (feminine nominative plural)
-ācia (neuter nominative plural)
-āciī (genitive masculine singular)
-āciae (feminine genitive singular)
-āciī (genitive neuter singular)
-āciōrum (genitive masculine singular)
-āciārum (feminine genitive plural)
-āciōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-āciō (dative masculine singular)
-āciae (dative feminine singular)
-āciō (dative neuter singular)
-āciīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
-ācium (accusative masculine singular)
-āciam (accusative feminine singular)
-ācium (accusative neuter singular)
-āciōs (accusative masculine singular)
-āciās (accusative feminine plural)
-ācia (accusative neuter plural)
-āciō (ablative masculine singular)
-āciā (ablative feminine singular)
-āciō (ablative neuter singular)
-āciīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
-ācie (masculine singular vocative)
-ācia (feminine singular vocative)
-ācium (neuter singular vocative)
-āciī (masculine singular vocative)
-āciae (feminine plural vocative)
-ācia (neuter plural vocative)

Late Latin misspelling of the Classical -āceus, reflecting the vulgar pronunciation /-akjʊs/.


-chezia

Representing the Ancient Greek χέζω (khézō, “I defecate”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, “-ia”, suffix forming abstract nouns).

allo- + -chezia → allochezia

hemato- + -chezia → hematochezia

dys- + -chezia → dyschezia

(literally and figuratively, forms nouns) defecation


-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃

-ists (romanization)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (masculine nominative singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 (feminine nominative singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍄𐌰 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌰 (accusative masculine singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 (accusative feminine singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍄𐌰 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹𐍃 (genitive masculine singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 (feminine genitive singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹𐍃 (genitive neuter singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 (dative masculine singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹 (dative feminine singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 (dative neuter singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹 (masculine nominative plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐍃 (feminine nominative plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 (neuter nominative plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 (accusative masculine plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐍃 (accusative feminine plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 (accusative neuter plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 (genitive masculine plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉 (feminine genitive plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 (genitive neuter plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌼 (dative masculine plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌼 (dative feminine plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌼 (dative neuter plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 (masculine nominative singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉 (feminine nominative singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (accusative masculine singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽 (accusative feminine singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌽𐍃 (genitive masculine singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽𐍃 (feminine genitive singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌽𐍃 (genitive neuter singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌽 (dative masculine singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽 (dative feminine singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌽 (dative neuter singular)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 (masculine nominative plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽𐍃 (feminine nominative plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽𐌰 (neuter nominative plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽𐍃 (accusative feminine plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽𐌰 (accusative neuter plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌴 (genitive masculine plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽𐍉 (feminine genitive plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌴 (genitive neuter plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼 (dative masculine plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌼 (dative feminine plural)
-𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼 (dative neuter plural)

-est; forms superlative adjectives from grammatically positive adjectives


-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍃

-ōsts (romanization)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍃 (masculine nominative singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰 (feminine nominative singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍄𐌰 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌰 (accusative masculine singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰 (accusative feminine singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍄𐌰 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌹𐍃 (genitive masculine singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 (feminine genitive singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌹𐍃 (genitive neuter singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 (dative masculine singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹 (dative feminine singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 (dative neuter singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹 (masculine nominative plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍉𐍃 (feminine nominative plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰 (neuter nominative plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 (accusative masculine plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍉𐍃 (accusative feminine plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰 (accusative neuter plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 (genitive masculine plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉 (feminine genitive plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 (genitive neuter plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌼 (dative masculine plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌼 (dative feminine plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌼 (dative neuter plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰 (masculine nominative singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍉 (feminine nominative singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍉 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (accusative masculine singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽 (accusative feminine singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍉 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌽𐍃 (genitive masculine singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽𐍃 (feminine genitive singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌽𐍃 (genitive neuter singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌽 (dative masculine singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽 (dative feminine singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌽 (dative neuter singular)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐍃 (masculine nominative plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽𐍃 (feminine nominative plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽𐌰 (neuter nominative plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽𐍃 (accusative feminine plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽𐌰 (accusative neuter plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌴 (genitive masculine plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽𐍉 (feminine genitive plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌴 (genitive neuter plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼 (dative masculine plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌼 (dative feminine plural)
-𐍉𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼 (dative neuter plural)


-ste

-th, -nd etc; Used to form the ordinal form of a cardinal number


-गिरी

Borrowed from Classical Persian گری (-garī).


spleno-

From Ancient Greek σπλήν (splḗn, “spleen”).
Etymology tree
Ancient Greek σπλήν (splḗn)der.
English spleno-


-ific

From Latin -ficus, from facere (“to make”).

horrific: causing horror


-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃

-kunds (romanization)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 (masculine nominative singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 (feminine nominative singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍄𐌰 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰 (accusative masculine singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 (accusative feminine singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍄𐌰 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹𐍃 (genitive masculine singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 (feminine genitive singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹𐍃 (genitive neuter singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 (dative masculine singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹 (dative feminine singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 (dative neuter singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹 (masculine nominative plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐍃 (feminine nominative plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 (neuter nominative plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 (accusative masculine plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐍃 (accusative feminine plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 (accusative neuter plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 (genitive masculine plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉 (feminine genitive plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 (genitive neuter plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌼 (dative masculine plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌼 (dative feminine plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌼 (dative neuter plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 (masculine nominative singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉 (feminine nominative singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (accusative masculine singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽 (accusative feminine singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 (genitive masculine singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐍃 (feminine genitive singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 (genitive neuter singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 (dative masculine singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽 (dative feminine singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 (dative neuter singular)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 (masculine nominative plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐍃 (feminine nominative plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 (neuter nominative plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐍃 (accusative feminine plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 (accusative neuter plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 (genitive masculine plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐍉 (feminine genitive plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 (genitive neuter plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 (dative masculine plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌼 (dative feminine plural)
-𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 (dative neuter plural)

From Proto-Germanic *kundaz (“born”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós (“born”), from *ǵenh₁- (“to give birth”).

born of the thing specified by the root to which this suffix is added


-kyně

-kyně (nominative singular)
-kyně (nominative plural)
-kyně (genitive singular)
-kyň (genitive plural)
-kyní (genitive plural)
-kyni (dative singular)
-kyním (dative plural)
-kyni (accusative singular)
-kyně (accusative plural)
-kyně (singular vocative)
-kyně (plural vocative)
-kyni (locative singular)
-kyních (locative plural)
-kyní (instrumental singular)
-kyněmi (instrumental plural)


-льщик

-lʹščik (romanization)
-льщица (feminine)
-льщик (nominative singular)
-льщики (nominative plural)
-льщика (genitive singular)
-льщиков (genitive plural)
-льщику (dative singular)
-льщикам (dative plural)
-льщика (accusative singular)
-льщиков (accusative plural)
-льщиком (instrumental singular)
-льщиками (instrumental plural)
-льщике (prepositional singular)
-льщиках (plural prepositional)

подава́ть (podavátʹ, “to serve”) + -льщик (-lʹščik) → подава́льщик (podaválʹščik, “waiter”)

боле́ть (bolétʹ, “to cheer”) + -льщик (-lʹščik) → боле́льщик (bolélʹščik, “fan, supporter”)

носи́ть (nosítʹ, “to carry”) + -льщик (-lʹščik) → носи́льщик (nosílʹščik, “porter”)

кра́сить (krásitʹ, “to dye”) + -льщик (-lʹščik) → краси́льщик (krasílʹščik, “dyer”)

нало́г (nalóg, “tax”) + плати́ть (platítʹ, “to pay”) + -льщик (-lʹščik) → налогоплате́льщик (nalogoplatélʹščik, “taxpayer”)

-er (forms nouns denoting persons from verbs)


lopho-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek λόφος (lóphos, “crest”).

lophodont teeth

The lophodont pattern can be seen particularly clearly in the elephant. Apart from the tusks [...] the elephant's teeth are reduced to a few enormous molars, each bearing numerous enamel ridges.

1987, M.B.V. Roberts, T.J. King, Biology: A Functional Approach. Student's Manual, page 88:


tephro-

From Ancient Greek τεφρός (tephrós, “ash-coloured”).


hunde-

(informal) Intensifies adjectives denoting undesirable states.


skide-

Skidegodt, Egon!

Damn good, Egon! (catchphrase of the character Benny from Olsenbanden)


-éir

nominative (indefinite)
-éir (indefinite singular)
-éirí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a -éir (indefinite singular)
a -éirí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
-éara (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an -éir (definite singular)
na -éirí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an -éara (definite singular)
dative (definite)
leis an -éir (definite singular)
don -éir (definite singular)
leis na -éirí (definite plural)

-er (used to form agent nouns; used to indicate an occupation)


प्र-

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit प्र- (pra-).

lbor

प्र- (pra-) + देश (deś, “country”) → प्रदेश (pradeś, “province, region”)

(productive) forward, onward; leading to


प्र-

→ Bengali: প্র- (pro-) (learned)

→ Hindi: प्र- (pra-) (learned)

→ Old Javanese: pra-

→ Indonesian: pra- (learned)

→ Malay: pra- (learned)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pra-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-.


बहु-

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit बहु (bahu).

(not productive) very, many, multi-, poly-


-чатый

-чатый (canonical)
-ча́тый (canonical)
-čatyj (romanization)
-čátyj (romanization)
-́чатый (masculine nominative)
-ча́тый (masculine nominative)
-́чатое (neuter nominative)
-ча́тое (neuter nominative)
-́чатая (feminine nominative)
-ча́тая (feminine nominative)
-́чатые (nominative plural)
-ча́тые (nominative plural)
-́чатого (genitive masculine neuter)
-ча́того (genitive masculine neuter)
-́чатой (feminine genitive)
-ча́той (feminine genitive)
-́чатых (genitive plural)
-ча́тых (genitive plural)
-́чатому (dative masculine neuter)
-ча́тому (dative masculine neuter)
-́чатой (dative feminine)
-ча́той (dative feminine)
-́чатым (dative plural)
-ча́тым (dative plural)
-́чатого (accusative animate masculine)
-ча́того (accusative animate masculine)
-́чатое (accusative neuter)
-ча́тое (accusative neuter)
-́чатую (accusative feminine)
-ча́тую (accusative feminine)
-́чатых (accusative animate plural)
-ча́тых (accusative animate plural)
-́чатый (accusative inanimate masculine)
-ча́тый (accusative inanimate masculine)
-́чатые (accusative inanimate plural)
-ча́тые (accusative inanimate plural)
-́чатым (instrumental masculine neuter)
-ча́тым (instrumental masculine neuter)
-́чатой (feminine instrumental)
-́чатою (feminine instrumental)
-ча́той (feminine instrumental)
-ча́тою (feminine instrumental)
-́чатыми (instrumental plural)
-ча́тыми (instrumental plural)
-́чатом (masculine neuter prepositional)
-ча́том (masculine neuter prepositional)
-́чатой (feminine prepositional)
-ча́той (feminine prepositional)
-́чатых (plural prepositional)
-ча́тых (plural prepositional)
-́чат (masculine short-form)
-ча́т (masculine short-form)
-́чато (neuter short-form)
-ча́то (neuter short-form)
-́чата (feminine short-form)
-ча́та (feminine short-form)
-́чаты (plural short-form)
-ча́ты (plural short-form)

ru-decl-adj

-́чатый,-ча́тый

Extracted by rebracketing of words such as хлопча́тый (xlopčátyj) (from хло́пок (xlópok) + -а́тый (-átyj)), where -ч- (< -к- with palatalisation) is part of the stem.

взрыв (vzryv, “explosion”) + -чатый (-čatyj) → взры́вчатый (vzrývčatyj, “explosive”)

узо́р (uzór, “pattern”) + -чатый (-čatyj) → узо́рчатый (uzórčatyj, “patterned”)

пила́ (pilá, “saw”) + -чатый (-čatyj) → пи́льчатый (pílʹčatyj, “serrated”)

бревно́ (brevnó, “log”) + -чатый (-čatyj) → бреве́нчатый (brevénčatyj, “timbered, made of logs”)

adjective-forming suffix, added to nouns, indicating having the characteristic of that noun; sometimes a relational adjective is formed instead


-ঈ

পাকিস্তান (pakistan, “Pakistan”) + -ঈ (-i) → পাকিস্তানী (pakistani, “Pakistani”, adjective)

(in adjectives) coming from, related to, like


-нк

-nk (romanization)
-ньке (nominative possessive singular)
-ньконь (genitive possessive singular)
-ньконди (dative possessive singular)
-донк (ablative possessive singular)
-сонк (inessive possessive singular)
-стонк (elative possessive singular)
-зонк (illative possessive singular)
-ванк (possessive prolative singular)
-шканк (comparative possessive singular)
-фтомонк (abessive possessive singular)

Via intermediate *-nə̑k, from Proto-Mordvinic *-nmə̑k, from Proto-Uralic *-n-mVk. Under the influence of the 1st person singular possessive suffix -зе (-źe) a vowel was added in nominative, genitive and dative, the other cases contain this suffix without this innovation.

1st person plural possessive suffix; our


-учий

head

-у́чий • (-účij)

-у́чий (canonical)
-účij (romanization)
-у́чий (masculine nominative)
-у́чее (neuter nominative)
-у́чая (feminine nominative)
-у́чие (nominative plural)
-у́чего (genitive masculine neuter)
-у́чей (feminine genitive)
-у́чих (genitive plural)
-у́чему (dative masculine neuter)
-у́чей (dative feminine)
-у́чим (dative plural)
-у́чего (accusative animate masculine)
-у́чее (accusative neuter)
-у́чую (accusative feminine)
-у́чих (accusative animate plural)
-у́чий (accusative inanimate masculine)
-у́чие (accusative inanimate plural)
-у́чим (instrumental masculine neuter)
-у́чей (feminine instrumental)
-у́чею (feminine instrumental)
-у́чими (instrumental plural)
-у́чем (masculine neuter prepositional)
-у́чей (feminine prepositional)
-у́чих (plural prepositional)
-у́ч (masculine short-form)
-у́че (neuter short-form)
-у́ча (feminine short-form)
-у́чи (plural short-form)

Inherited from Late Proto-Slavic *-ǫťь, a present active participial suffix. Doublet of -у́щий (-úščij), the normal present participle suffix, a borrowing from Old Church Slavonic.

лета́ть (letátʹ, “to fly”) + -у́чий (-účij) → лету́чий (letúčij, “flying”)

пла́вать (plávatʹ, “to float”) + -у́чий (-účij) → плаву́чий (plavúčij, “floating, buoyant”)

па́хнуть (páxnutʹ, “to smell of”) + -у́чий (-účij) → паху́чий (paxúčij, “fragrant”)

ползти́ (polztí, “to crawl”) + -у́чий (-účij) → ползу́чий (polzúčij, “crawling, creeping”)

жечь (žečʹ, “to burn”) (present tense жгу (žgu)) + -у́чий (-účij) → жгу́чий (žgúčij, “burning”)

жить (žitʹ, “to live”) (present tense живу́ (živú)) + -у́чий (-účij) → живу́чий (živúčij, “viable, enduring”)

Adjective-forming suffix, added to intransitive verbs, indicating being in the state of that verb.


-яной

-яно́й (canonical)
-janój (romanization)
-яно́й (masculine nominative)
-яно́е (neuter nominative)
-яна́я (feminine nominative)
-яны́е (nominative plural)
-яно́го (genitive masculine neuter)
-яно́й (feminine genitive)
-яны́х (genitive plural)
-яно́му (dative masculine neuter)
-яно́й (dative feminine)
-яны́м (dative plural)
-яно́го (accusative animate masculine)
-яно́е (accusative neuter)
-яну́ю (accusative feminine)
-яны́х (accusative animate plural)
-яно́й (accusative inanimate masculine)
-яны́е (accusative inanimate plural)
-яны́м (instrumental masculine neuter)
-яно́й (feminine instrumental)
-яно́ю (feminine instrumental)
-яны́ми (instrumental plural)
-яно́м (masculine neuter prepositional)
-яно́й (feminine prepositional)
-яны́х (plural prepositional)

вода́ (vodá, “water”) + -яно́й (-janój) → водяно́й (vodjanój, “(relational) water”)

соль (solʹ, “salt”) + -яно́й (-janój) → соляно́й (soljanój, “(relational) salt”)

смола́ (smolá, “tar”) + -яно́й (-janój) → смоляно́й (smoljanój, “(relational) tar; tarry, tarred”)

земля́ (zemljá, “earth”) + -яно́й (-janój) → земляно́й (zemljanój, “(relational) earth”)

ве́тер (véter, “wind”) (genitive ве́тра (vétra)) + -яно́й (-janój) → ветряно́й (vetrjanój, “(relational) wind”)

лён (ljon, “flax”) (genitive льна (lʹna)) + -яно́й (-janój) → льняно́й (lʹnjanój, “(relational) flax, linen”)

рожь (rožʹ, “rye”) (genitive ржи (rži)) + -ано́й (-anój) → ржано́й (ržanój, “(relational) rye”)

adjective-forming suffix, added to materials, indicating being composed of or related to that material; normally forms relational adjectives


-аной

-ано́й • (-anój)

-ано́й (canonical)
-anój (romanization)
-ано́й (masculine nominative)
-ано́е (neuter nominative)
-ана́я (feminine nominative)
-аны́е (nominative plural)
-ано́го (genitive masculine neuter)
-ано́й (feminine genitive)
-аны́х (genitive plural)
-ано́му (dative masculine neuter)
-ано́й (dative feminine)
-аны́м (dative plural)
-ано́го (accusative animate masculine)
-ано́е (accusative neuter)
-ану́ю (accusative feminine)
-аны́х (accusative animate plural)
-ано́й (accusative inanimate masculine)
-аны́е (accusative inanimate plural)
-аны́м (instrumental masculine neuter)
-ано́й (feminine instrumental)
-ано́ю (feminine instrumental)
-аны́ми (instrumental plural)
-ано́м (masculine neuter prepositional)
-ано́й (feminine prepositional)
-аны́х (plural prepositional)

рж- (rž-, “rye”) + -ано́й (-anój) → ржано́й (ržanój, “(relational) rye”)

Alternative form of -яно́й (-janój) (used after hushing consonants (ш ж ч щ) and ц)


-истый

-́истый or -и́стый • (-́istyj or -ístyj)

-́истый (canonical)
-и́стый (canonical)
-́istyj (romanization)
-ístyj (romanization)
-́истый (masculine nominative)
-и́стый (masculine nominative)
-́истое (neuter nominative)
-и́стое (neuter nominative)
-́истая (feminine nominative)
-и́стая (feminine nominative)
-́истые (nominative plural)
-и́стые (nominative plural)
-́истого (genitive masculine neuter)
-и́стого (genitive masculine neuter)
-́истой (feminine genitive)
-и́стой (feminine genitive)
-́истых (genitive plural)
-и́стых (genitive plural)
-́истому (dative masculine neuter)
-и́стому (dative masculine neuter)
-́истой (dative feminine)
-и́стой (dative feminine)
-́истым (dative plural)
-и́стым (dative plural)
-́истого (accusative animate masculine)
-и́стого (accusative animate masculine)
-́истое (accusative neuter)
-и́стое (accusative neuter)
-́истую (accusative feminine)
-и́стую (accusative feminine)
-́истых (accusative animate plural)
-и́стых (accusative animate plural)
-́истый (accusative inanimate masculine)
-и́стый (accusative inanimate masculine)
-́истые (accusative inanimate plural)
-и́стые (accusative inanimate plural)
-́истым (instrumental masculine neuter)
-и́стым (instrumental masculine neuter)
-́истой (feminine instrumental)
-́истою (feminine instrumental)
-и́стой (feminine instrumental)
-и́стою (feminine instrumental)
-́истыми (instrumental plural)
-и́стыми (instrumental plural)
-́истом (masculine neuter prepositional)
-и́стом (masculine neuter prepositional)
-́истой (feminine prepositional)
-и́стой (feminine prepositional)
-́истых (plural prepositional)
-и́стых (plural prepositional)
-́ист (masculine short-form)
-и́ст (masculine short-form)
-́исто (neuter short-form)
-и́сто (neuter short-form)
-́иста (feminine short-form)
-и́ста (feminine short-form)
-́исты (plural short-form)
-и́сты (plural short-form)

ru-decl-adj

-́истый,-и́стый

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-itъ / *-istъ. Cognate with Polish -ysty.

ка́мень (kámenʹ, “stony”) + -и́стый (-ístyj) → камени́стый (kamenístyj, “stony”)

объём (obʺjóm, “bulk, volume”) + -истый (-istyj) → объёмистый (obʺjómistyj, “bulky, voluminous”)

морщи́на (morščína, “wrinkle”) + -истый (-istyj) → морщи́нистый (morščínistyj, “wrinkled”)

мя́со (mjáso, “meat”) + -и́стый (-ístyj) → мяси́стый (mjasístyj, “meaty, fleshy”)

изви́лина (izvílina, “bend, meander”) + -истый (-istyj) → изви́листый (izvílistyj, “meandering, twisty”)

adjective-forming suffix, added to nouns, indicating having the property of that noun

прерыва́ть (preryvátʹ, “to interrupt”) + -истый (-istyj) → преры́вистый (prerývistyj, “intermittent”)

разве́сить (razvésitʹ, “to spread”) + -истый (-istyj) → разве́систый (razvésistyj, “spread out, sprawling”)

размахну́ть (razmaxnútʹ, “to spread, to brandish”) + -истый (-istyj) → разма́шистый (razmášistyj, “sweeping, bold; sprawling”)

adjective-forming suffix, added to verbs, indicating being in the state of that verb


-яный

-яный (canonical)
-я́ный (canonical)
-janyj (romanization)
-jányj (romanization)
-́яный (masculine nominative)
-я́ный (masculine nominative)
-́яное (neuter nominative)
-я́ное (neuter nominative)
-́яная (feminine nominative)
-я́ная (feminine nominative)
-́яные (nominative plural)
-я́ные (nominative plural)
-́яного (genitive masculine neuter)
-я́ного (genitive masculine neuter)
-́яной (feminine genitive)
-я́ной (feminine genitive)
-́яных (genitive plural)
-я́ных (genitive plural)
-́яному (dative masculine neuter)
-я́ному (dative masculine neuter)
-́яной (dative feminine)
-я́ной (dative feminine)
-́яным (dative plural)
-я́ным (dative plural)
-́яного (accusative animate masculine)
-я́ного (accusative animate masculine)
-́яное (accusative neuter)
-я́ное (accusative neuter)
-́яную (accusative feminine)
-я́ную (accusative feminine)
-́яных (accusative animate plural)
-я́ных (accusative animate plural)
-́яный (accusative inanimate masculine)
-я́ный (accusative inanimate masculine)
-́яные (accusative inanimate plural)
-я́ные (accusative inanimate plural)
-́яным (instrumental masculine neuter)
-я́ным (instrumental masculine neuter)
-́яной (feminine instrumental)
-́яною (feminine instrumental)
-я́ной (feminine instrumental)
-я́ною (feminine instrumental)
-́яными (instrumental plural)
-я́ными (instrumental plural)
-́яном (masculine neuter prepositional)
-я́ном (masculine neuter prepositional)
-́яной (feminine prepositional)
-я́ной (feminine prepositional)
-́яных (plural prepositional)
-я́ных (plural prepositional)
-́ян (masculine short-form)
-я́н (masculine short-form)
-́яно (neuter short-form)
-я́но (neuter short-form)
-́яна (feminine short-form)
-я́на (feminine short-form)
-́яны (plural short-form)
-я́ны (plural short-form)

-́яный,-я́ный

серебро́ (serebró, “silver”) + -яный (-janyj) → сере́бряный (serébrjanyj, “(relational) silver”)

ма́сло (máslo, “oil, butter”) + -яный (-janyj) → ма́сляный (másljanyj, “(relational) oil, butter”)

овёс (ovjós, “oats”) + -я́ный (-jányj) → овся́ный (ovsjányj, “(relational) oat”)

ко́жа (kóža, “leather”) + -яный (-janyj) → ко́жаный (kóžanyj, “(relational) leather”)


-иный

head

-и́ный • (-ínyj)

-и́ный (canonical)
-ínyj (romanization)
-и́ный (masculine nominative)
-и́ное (neuter nominative)
-и́ная (feminine nominative)
-и́ные (nominative plural)
-и́ного (genitive masculine neuter)
-и́ной (feminine genitive)
-и́ных (genitive plural)
-и́ному (dative masculine neuter)
-и́ной (dative feminine)
-и́ным (dative plural)
-и́ного (accusative animate masculine)
-и́ное (accusative neuter)
-и́ную (accusative feminine)
-и́ных (accusative animate plural)
-и́ный (accusative inanimate masculine)
-и́ные (accusative inanimate plural)
-и́ным (instrumental masculine neuter)
-и́ной (feminine instrumental)
-и́ною (feminine instrumental)
-и́ными (instrumental plural)
-и́ном (masculine neuter prepositional)
-и́ной (feminine prepositional)
-и́ных (plural prepositional)

гусь (gusʹ, “goose”) + -и́ный (-ínyj) → гуси́ный (gusínyj, “(relational) goose”)

змея́ (zmejá, “snake”) + -и́ный (-ínyj) → змеи́ный (zmeínyj, “(relational) snake; serpentine, snake's”)

блоха́ (bloxá, “flea”) + -и́ный (-ínyj) → блоши́ный (blošínyj, “(relational) flea”)

зверь (zverʹ, “wild animal”) + -и́ный (-ínyj) → звери́ный (zverínyj, “animal, feral”)

мураве́й (muravéj, “ant”) (genitive муравья́ (muravʹjá)) + -и́ный (-ínyj) → муравьи́ный (muravʹínyj, “(relational) ant; antlike”)

лев (lev, “lion”) (genitive льва (lʹva)) + -и́ный (-ínyj) → льви́ный (lʹvínyj, “lion's”)

adjective-forming suffix, added to nouns denoting animals, typically forming relational adjectives


-зонк

-zonk (romanization)
-ньке (nominative possessive singular)
-ньконь (genitive possessive singular)
-ньконди (dative possessive singular)
-донк (ablative possessive singular)
-сонк (inessive possessive singular)
-стонк (elative possessive singular)
-зонк (illative possessive singular)
-ванк (possessive prolative singular)
-шканк (comparative possessive singular)
-фтомонк (abessive possessive singular)

From -з- (-z-, “[illative suffix variant]”) + -о- (-o-, “[interfix]”) + -нк (-nk, “[1st person plural possessive suffix]”).

affix

illative 1st person plural possessive suffix


-shire

A combining form used in the names of British counties.


-ьja

-ьja (nominative singular)
-ьji (dual nominative)
-ьję̇ (nominative plural)
-ьję̇ (genitive singular)
-ьju (dual genitive)
-ьjь (genitive plural)
-ьji (dative singular)
-ьjama (dative dual)
-ьjamъ (dative plural)
-ьjǫ (accusative singular)
-ьji (accusative dual)
-ьję̇ (accusative plural)
-ьjejǫ (instrumental singular)
-ьjǫ (instrumental singular)
-ьjama (dual instrumental)
-ьjami (instrumental plural)
-ьji (locative singular)
-ьju (dual locative)
-ьjasъ (locative plural)
-ьjaxъ (locative plural)
-ьje (singular vocative)
-ьji (dual vocative)
-ьję̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ьꙗ (-ĭja), -иꙗ (-ija)

desc

Old Ruthenian: -иꙗ (-ija), -ьꙗ (-ʹja), -ꙗ (-ja)

Belarusian: -'я (-ʺja)

Ukrainian: -'я (-ʺja), -я (-ja)

Russian: -ья (-ʹja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: -ьꙗ (-ĭja), -иꙗ (-ija)

Glagolitic script: -ⱐⱑ (-ĭě), -ⰻⱑ (-iě)

Bulgarian: -ия (-ija)

Macedonian:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ија; allomorphic: -ћа (<* -t-ьja), -шћа (<* -st-ьja) -ња (< *-n-ьja), -ља (< *-l-ьja)

Latin script: -ija; allomorphic: -ća (<* -t-ьja), -šća (<* -st-ьja) -nja (< *-n-ьja), -lja (< *-l-ьja)

Slovene:

West Slavic:

Old Czech:

Czech:

Kashubian:

Polish: -a

Slovak:

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-yeh₂. Cognate with Ancient Greek -ία (-ía).

inh+

bratrьja / *bratьja (“brothers, brotherhood”) ← *bratrъ / *bratъ (“brother”)

čudesьja (“marvel”) ← *čudo (“miracle”)

sěmьja

Denominal, forming collective nouns or abstract nouns with hyperbolic conotation

(Regional, colloquial) From abstract nouns in *-ota, forming apologetic abstract nouns. Equivalent to *-otьja


noto-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek νότος (nótos) "south".


lorte-

Jeg gad ikke høre på hans lortesange.

I did not want to listen to his shitty songs.

Han boede i et lortehus i udkanten af byen.

He lived in a crappy house in the outskirts of the city.


-е-

Alternative form of -о- (-o-) used after consonants that were originally palatalized stops or hushing sibilants, as well as ц (c). Modern Bulgarian features much less palatalization, so this isn't readily apparent in derived words.

Alternative form of -о- (-o-) (forms compound words; not meaning-bearing)


-е-

an interfix that surfaces before various suffixes, after a soft consonant


-е-

alternative form of -о- (-o-) (used after palatalized and hushing consonants)


-कार

Inherited from Sanskrit -कार (-kāra). Perhaps, also influenced by Persian کار (kâr).


-कार

-kāra (romanization)
-कारः (nominative singular)
-कारौ (dual nominative)
-कारा1 (dual nominative)
-काराः (nominative plural)
-कारासः1 (nominative plural)
-कार (singular vocative)
-कारौ (dual vocative)
-कारा1 (dual vocative)
-काराः (plural vocative)
-कारासः1 (plural vocative)
-कारम् (accusative singular)
-कारौ (accusative dual)
-कारा1 (accusative dual)
-कारान् (accusative plural)
-कारेण (instrumental singular)
-काराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
-कारैः (instrumental plural)
-कारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
-काराय (dative singular)
-काराभ्याम् (dative dual)
-कारेभ्यः (dative plural)
-कारात् (ablative singular)
-काराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
-कारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
-कारस्य (genitive singular)
-कारयोः (dual genitive)
-काराणाम् (genitive plural)
-कारे (locative singular)
-कारयोः (dual locative)
-कारेषु (locative plural)

Hindi: -कार (-kār)

Pali: -kāra

Marathi: -कार (-kār)

→ Malayalam: -കാരൻ (-kāraṉ)

→ Tamil: -காரன் (-kāraṉ)

→ Telugu: -కారము (-kāramu)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-kāras. Cognate with Persian کار (kâr). Related to कृ (kṛ, “to do, make”, root).


-frei

From Middle High German -frī, -vrī, from Old High German *-frī, from Proto-West Germanic *-frī. Compare Dutch -vrij, English -free, Danish -fri.

(forming adjectives) -free (free from, devoid of, without)


-də

-da (back-vowel-harmony)
-də (front-vowel-harmony)

ev → evdə
[the] house → in [the] house

Çili → Çilidə
Chile → in Chile


четверо-

[t͡ɕɪtvʲɪrə]


-ю-

Used to form adjectives of the form "N times removed", referring to types of cousins. Originally the genitive dual ending of Old East Slavic дъвою (dŭvoju, “of two”).


-poli

ca-noun

-poli m (noun-forming suffix, plural -polis)

Derived, by analogy with monopolio (“monopoly”), from the root of Ancient Greek πωλέω (pōléō, “to sell”).


-ие

вям (vjam, “to be aware”) (archaic, obsolete) → ведие (vedie, “knowledge”) (obsolete) → езиковедие (ezikovedie, “linguistics”)

въстана (vǎstana, “to revel”) → въстание (vǎstanie, “uprising”)

нарека (nareka, “to call”) → наречие (narečie, “adverb”)

примиря се (primirja se, “to put up with”) → примирие (primirie, “truce”)

участвам (učastvam, “to participate”) → участие (učastie, “participation”)

допирам (dopiram, “to touch, to contact”) → допирие (dopirie, “contact, incidence”) (dialectal)

Deverbal, forming action or result nouns: -tion, -ance, -ing


-ие

здрав (zdrav, “healthy”) → здраве (zdrave, “health”)
висок (visok, “high”) → височие (visočie, “highness”)
велик (velik, “great”) → величие (veličie, “greatness”)
цял (cjal, “whole”) + мъдър (mǎdǎr, “wise”) → целомъдрие (celomǎdrie, “chastity”)

услов (uslov, “term, claim”) (obsolete) → условие (uslovie, “condition”)
зло (zlo, “evil”) + воня (vonja, “odor, stink”) → зловоние (zlovonie, “stench”)
бог (bog, “god”) + хула (hula, “insult”) → богохулие (bogohulie, “blasphemy”)
човек (čovek, “human”) + любов (ljubov, “love”) → човеколюбие (čovekoljubie, “philanthropy”)

с- (s-) + част (čast, “part”) → щастие (štastie, “fortune”)
добро (dobro, “good”) + душа (duša, “soul”) → добродушие (dobrodušie, “fortune”)
благо (blago, “virtue”) + прилика (prilika, “similarity”) → благоприличие (blagopriličie, “decency”)
лихо (liho, “excess”) + мисъл (misǎl, “thought”) → лихомислие (lihomislie, “fault thinking”) (obsolete)

налице (nalice, “in presence”) → наличие (naličie, “presence, availability”)
насила (nasila, “forcefully”) → насилие (nasilie, “violence”)

Denominal, forming abstract nouns or nouns expressing capacity, state: -th, -ness, -ing


-ие

люд (ljud, “person, folk”) (dated, obsolete) → люде (ljude, “people”)
нав (nav, “undead”) (obsolete) → наве (nave, “dead spirits”) (obsolete)

камък (kamǎk, “stone”) → камъне (kamǎne, “rocks”) (poetic)
дърво (dǎrvo, “tree”) → дърве (dǎrve, “trees, wood”) (poetic)

грозд (grozd, “grape”) → грозде (grozde, “grape”) (collective)
цвят (cvjat, “blossom”) → цвете (cvete, “flower”)

съ- (sǎ-) + звезда (zvezda, “star”) → съзвездие (sǎzvezdie, “constellation”)
съ- (sǎ-) + цвят (cvjat, “blossom”) → съцветие (sǎcvetie, “inflorescence”)

об- (ob-) + *vilo (“winding”) → обилие (obilie, “abundance”) (literally: “enveloping → endlessness”)
о- (o-) + коло (kolo, “wheel”) (obsolete) → околие (okolie, “surroundings”) (literally: “that is encircled”)

дву- (dvu-, “bi-”) + лице (lice, “face”) → двуличие (dvuličie, “hypocrisy”) (literally: “two-facedness”)
сто- (sto-, “centi-”) + лято (ljato, “summer”) → столетие (stoletie, “century”) (literally: “100 summers”)

Forms collective nouns expressing aggregation or clustering:

Forms collective nouns expressing extension, span:


-ие

-ije (romanization)
-ие (nominative singular)
-ия (nominative plural)
-ия (genitive singular)
-ий (genitive plural)
-ию (dative singular)
-иям (dative plural)
-ие (accusative singular)
-ия (accusative plural)
-ием (instrumental singular)
-иями (instrumental plural)
-ии (prepositional singular)
-иях (plural prepositional)

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic -иѥ (-ije), from Proto-Slavic *-ьje. Doublet of -ье (-ʹje) and -ьё (-ʹjó), the inherited forms.

bor+

много- (mnogo-, “many”) + о́браз (óbraz, “image”) + -ие (-ije) → многообра́зие (mnogoobrázije, “variety, diversity”)

ма́ло- (málo-, “little”) + дух (dux, “courage”) + -ие (-ije) → малоду́шие (malodúšije, “cowardice”)

пло́ско- (plósko-, “flat”) + стопа́ (stopá, “foot”) + -ие (-ije) → плоскосто́пие (ploskostópije, “flatfoot (medical condition)”)

само- (samo-, “self”) + люби́ть (ljubítʹ, “to love”) + -ие (-ije) → самолю́бие (samoljúbije, “self-esteem, self-respect”)

со- (so-, “con-”) + звезда́ (zvezdá, “star”) + -ие (-ije) → созве́здие (sozvézdije, “constellation”)

Abstract noun suffix; forms part of larger suffixes such as -е́ние (-énije), -а́ние (-ánije), -тие (-tije), and exists on its own especially as a suffix added to compound words.


-icello

it-noun

-icello m (noun-forming suffix, plural -icelli, feminine -icella)


-erello

-erello m (noun-forming suffix, plural -erelli, feminine -erella)


-erella

used with female nouns to form diminutives; female equivalent of -erello


-icella

-icella f (noun-forming suffix, plural -icelle, masculine -icello)

used with female nouns to form diminutives; female equivalent of -icello


-usco

es-noun

-usco m (noun-forming suffix, plural -uscos)

Alternative form of -sco; forms collective nouns


-eda

ca-noun

-eda f (noun-forming suffix, plural -edes)

Inherited from Latin -ēta, plural of -ētum.

llor (“laurel tree”) + -eda → lloreda (“laurel grove”)

roure (“oak tree”) + -eda → roureda (“oak grove”)

forms collectives, especially for plants


-eda

es-noun

-eda f (noun-forming suffix, plural -edas)

avellana (“hazelnut”) + -eda → avellaneda (“hazelnut grove”)