a-

From the Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not, without”).

Used to form taxonomic names indicating a lack of some feature that might be expected


a-

From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).


a-

Attaches to verbs, sometimes adding a sense of "toward".


a-

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ha- (adjectival prefix for adjectives of measure). Compare Bikol Central ha- and Cebuano ha-.

inh

adjectival prefix to words denoting height, length, or depth


a-

From Sanskrit अ- (a-, “un-, not”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *a-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.
* Reinforced as borrowing from Dutch a-, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (form ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel), from Proto-Hellenic *ə-, from the same Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.


a-

(unproductive) Used to form a few adverbs signifying a location or motion from or to above.


a-

From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not, without”).


a-

Middle English: a-

English: a-

From an earlier form ar-, from Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz-. Cognate with Old High German ar-, ir- (German er-).

āniman


a-

From Latin ad, which was often reduced to a- in compounds.

(by extension) indicating a change of state


a-

From an earlier form ar-, from Proto-Germanic *uz-. Cognate with Old English a-, Old High German ar-, ir- (German er-).

forming words with the sense from, away, out, off, e.g. animan


a-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-).

lbor

a- + społeczny → aspołeczny

forming words with the sense of negation, a-


a-

Inherited from Classical Latin ad-, from the preposition ad (“to, towards”).


a-

a- + trist (“sad”) → athrist (“very sad, sorrowful”)

a- + traidd (“piercing, penetration”) → athraidd (“permeable”)

affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word


ab-

From ab, from Middle High German abe, ab, from Old High German ab, from Proto-West Germanic *ab(a), from Proto-Germanic *ab. Compare English off-.

ab- + fahren (“to drive”) → abfahren (“to depart, drive away”)

ab- + spülen (“to rinse, wash”) → abspülen (“to rinse off, wash off”)

Separable verb prefix that indicates removal or quitting, off, away.

ab- + tauchen (“to dive”) → abtauchen (“to submerge”)

Separable verb prefix that indicates a downward movement, down.

Separable verb prefix that indicates from or of.

ab- + Art (“kind, sort”) → Abart (“variety, variant, anomality”)

ab- + Gott (“God”) → Abgott (“idol; god other than the true God”)

ab- + Laut (“sound”) → Ablaut (“ablaut; vowel gradation or alternation”)

Noun prefix that indicates being different from the source or deviation.


ab-

From the preposition ab (“from, away from”).

abamita (“great-great-grandaunt”)

abavia (“great-great-grandmother”)

abavunculus (“great-great-granduncle”)

abavus (“great-great-grandfather”)

abmātertera (“great-great-grandaunt”)

abnepōs (“great-great-grandson”)

abneptis (“great-great-granddaughter”)

absocer (“great-great-grandfather-in-law”)


pseudo-

(biology) Not a true, appearing like a true


pseudo-

From Middle English pseudo- (but uncommon before Modern English), from Ancient Greek ψευδής (pseudḗs, “false, lying”).


pseudo-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ψευδής (pseudḗs).


pseudo-

From Ancient Greek ψευδο- (pseudo-, “false”), from Ancient Greek ψευδής (pseudḗs, “false, lying”).

pseudo-langue

pseud-

found before vowels, as in pseudesthésie


pseudo-

Ancient Greek ψευδής (pseudḗs, “false, lying”)


pseudo-

From Ancient Greek ψευδής (pseudḗs, “lying, false”).


pseudo-

pseudociência


-ity

From Middle English -ite, -itee, from Old French -ite, -ete, -eteit (“-ity”), from Latin -itātem, from -itās, from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts (suffix). Cognate with Gothic -𐌹𐌸𐌰 (-iþa, “-th”), Old High German -ida (“-th”), Old English -þo, -þu, -þ (“-th”). More at -th.

absurd + -ity → absurdity (“the quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment”)

anonym(ous) + -ity → anonymity (“the quality or state of being anonymous”)

modern + -ity → modernity (“the quality of being modern or contemporary”)

precar(ious) + -ity → precarity (“a condition of existence without predictability or security, affecting material or psychological welfare”)

Used to form an uncountable noun from an adjective; especially, to form the noun referring to the state, property, or quality of conforming to the adjective's description.

absurd + -ity → [an] absurdity (“that which is absurd; an absurd action; a logical contradiction”)

anonym(ous) + -ity → [an] anonymity (“that which is anonymous”)

insipid + -ity → [an] insipidity (“something that is insipid; an insipid utterance, sight, object, etc.”)

odd + -ity → [an] oddity (“an odd or strange thing or opinion; a strange person; an oddball”)

Used to form a countable noun from an adjective, referring to someone or something that conforms to the adjective's description.

Used to form other nouns, especially abstract nouns.


-ity

-ity (masculine nominative singular)
-ita (feminine nominative singular)
-ite (neuter nominative singular)
-ici (nominative plural virile)
-ite (nominative plural)
-itego (genitive masculine singular)
-itej (feminine genitive singular)
-itego (genitive neuter singular)
-itych (genitive plural)
-itych (genitive plural virile)
-itemu (dative masculine singular)
-itej (dative feminine singular)
-itemu (dative neuter singular)
-itym (dative plural)
-itym (dative plural virile)
-itego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-ity (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-itą (accusative feminine singular)
-ite (accusative neuter singular)
-itych (accusative plural virile)
-ite (accusative plural)
-itym (instrumental masculine singular)
-itą (feminine instrumental singular)
-itym (instrumental neuter singular)
-itymi (instrumental plural)
-itymi (instrumental plural virile)
-itym (locative masculine singular)
-itej (feminine locative singular)
-itym (locative neuter singular)
-itych (locative plural)
-itych (locative plural virile)

pracować + -ity → pracowity


osteo-

Combining form of Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”).


osteo-

[ˌɔʃ.t͡ʃɪ.o]


hand

handa (definite singular)
handen (definite singular)
hender (indefinite plural)
hendene (definite plural)

From Old Norse hǫnd, from Proto-Germanic *handuz .


hand

handa (definite singular)
hender (indefinite plural)
hendene (definite plural)

From Old Norse hǫnd, from Proto-Germanic *handuz. Akin to English hand.


quadruped

Borrowed from French quadrupède, from Middle French, from Latin stem of quadrupēs (“four-footed, a four-footed animal”), from quadri- (“four-”) + stem of pes (“foot”). Alternatively analyzable as quadru- + -ped.


mother

Australian Kriol: motha

→ Japanese: マザー (mazā)

→ Korean: 마더 (madeo)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr
Proto-Germanic *mōdēr
Proto-West Germanic *mōder
Old English mōdor
Middle English moder
English mother
From Middle English moder, from Old English mōdor, from Proto-West Germanic *mōder, from Proto-Germanic *mōdēr, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr. Doublet of Madeira, mata, mater, matrix, and matter.
Some have proposed that the "dregs" sense is from Middle Dutch modder (“filth”), from Proto-Germanic *muþraz (“sediment”), but modder is not known in this meaning. On the other hand, words for "mother" have developed the secondary sense of "dregs" in several Romance and Germanic languages; compare Dutch moer, French mère de vinaigre, German Essigmutter, Italian madre, Medieval Latin māter, and Spanish madre.

ан

female (human) who parents a child, gives birth to a baby, or is pregnant

metro-

of or pertaining to the mother, such as metropolis

my very educated mother just served us nachos

my very educated mother just served us nine pizzas

my very educated mother just served us nine pumpkins

my very educated mother just served us noodles

my very excellent mother just served us nine pizzas

My sister-in-law has just become a mother for the first time.

He had something of his mother in him.

He had something of his mother in him, but this was because he realized that in the end only her love was unconditional, and in gratitude he had emulated her.

The "Ritual to Celebrate Birthing" begins with a leader welcoming all participants : "Welcome to this celebration for N. She is approaching the time when she will become a mother for the first time (or become a mother again).

2005, Trudelle Thomas, Spirituality in the Mother Zone: Staying Centered, Finding God, Paulist Press, →ISBN, page 41:

A female who has given birth to a baby; this person in relation to her child or children.

Near-synonym: Big One

1991, January 17, Saddam Hussein, Broadcast on Baghdad state radio.
The great duel, the mother of all battles has begun.

Something that is the greatest or most significant of its kind. (See mother of all.)

mare

something that is the greatest of its kind

A few minutes later we were all seated comfortably, Uncle Dave and mother, as he called his wife, myself and my husband, in the split-bottomed wooden chairs, on the vine-covered porch. / “Is Bethel a Methodist Church?” I asked. / Uncle Dave looked quizzically at his wife. “Do you hear that, mother?” he said.

1887 April 2, E. V. Wilson, “Uncle Dave”, in The Current, volume 7, number 172, page 432:

On some days as he got near the house he would call out to his wife: / “Almighty Moses, Martha! who left the sprinkler on the grass?” / On other days he would call to her from quite a little distance off: “Hullo, mother! Got any supper for a hungry man?”

1922, Stephen Leacock, Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town, page 152:

(Mr. Hill enters. He crosses to Wife.) / Mr. Hill: Hello, mother. […] How are you? / Mrs. Hill: Nothing wrong, dear, I hope.

1944, Walter Hackett, For the Duration: A Play for Junior and Senior High Schools, page 8:

(dated) A term of address for one's wife.

A disc produced from the electrotyped master, used in manufacturing phonograph records.

(Stan Twitter, originally drag slang) A person who is admired, respected, or looked up to within a particular fandom or community; see also: serve cunt


om

From the earlier, Old Norse preposition um, from Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“by, around”), from earlier *h₂ntbʰi, instrumental case form to *h₂énts (“face”). Doublet of ambi- and amfi.
* As a conjunction, um superseded or blended with Old Norse ef and em, taking on their function as well. This is from Proto-Germanic *jabai (“when, if”), whence also English if and German ob.

inh

Eg kjem om ti minutt.

in (when speaking of time) (after a period of time)


-able

Inherited from Middle English -able, borrowed from Old French -able, from Latin -ābilis, from -a- or -i- + -bilis (“capable or worthy of being acted upon”), from Proto-Indo-European i-stem form *-dʰli- of *-dʰlom (“instrumental suffix”). Not closely related etymologically, though currently related semantically, to able. Displaced native Old English -endlīc.

-tava

expressing capacity or worthiness in a passive sense

movable: able to be moved

amendable: able to be amended

breakable: liable to broken

blamable: fit to be blamed

salable: fit to be sold

An adjectival suffix; forms adjectives meaning:

-abel

for words from Latin or Romance languages

fashionable: relevant to fashion

seasonable: suitable to season

Relevant to or suitable to, in accordance with.

-kas

relevant or suitable to, in accordance with

pleasurable: giving pleasure

peaceable: inclined to peace

reportable: subject to be reported

taxable: subject to be taxed

payable: due to be paid


-able

ca-adj

-able m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -ables)


-able

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ-
Proto-Italic *haβēō
Latin habeō
Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlis
Proto-Italic *-ðlis
Latin -bilis
Latin -ibilis
Latin -ābilis
Old French -able
Middle French -able
French -able
Inherited from Middle French -able, from Old French -able, from Latin -ābilis.


-able

gl-adj

-able m or f (adjective-forming suffix, plural -ables)


-able

English: -able

Scots: -able

Borrowed from Old French -able, from Latin -ābilis.

Forming adjectives denoting ability, relevance or inclination; -able.


-able

Inherited from Old Spanish -abile, from Latin -ābilis.


er

From English -er, forming novel pseudo-Anglicisms.

(slang) Suffix used for people, especially fans.


-logy

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-
Ancient Greek λόγος (lógos)
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂
Ancient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)
Ancient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor.
Latin -logialbor.
French -logiebor.
English -logy
The English -logy suffix originates with loanwords from the Greek, usually via Latin and French, where the suffix -λογία (-logía) is an integral part of the word loaned. E.g. astrology from astrologia, since the 16th century.
The French -logie is a continuation of Latin -logia, ultimately from Ancient Greek -λογία (-logía). Within Greek, the suffix is an -ία (-ía) abstract from λόγος (lógos, “account, explanation, narrative”), itself a verbal noun from λέγω (légō, “I say, speak, converse, tell a story”).
Within English, the suffix becomes productive, especially to form names of sciences or departments of study, analogous to names of disciplines loaned from the Latin, such as astrology from astrologia or geology from geologia. Original compositions of terms with no precedent in Greek or Latin become common beginning in the later 18th century, sometimes imitating French or German templates (e.g. insectology, attested 1766, after French insectologie; terminology, attested 1801, after German Terminologie).
In a third stage, from the 19th century, the suffix becomes productive enough to form nonce combinations with English terms with no Greek or Latin origin, such as undergroundology (1820), hatology (1837).
Finally, from the second half of the 19th century, the suffix has also been used as a simplex as ology (plural ologies) and logy (plural logies), in parallel with and often alongside ism (plural isms).

etymon

Examples: biology, geology, genealogy

A branch of learning; a study of a particular subject.


self-

From Middle English self-, silf-, seolf-, from Old English self-, sylf-, seolf-, from Proto-Germanic *selba-, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz (“self”). Cognate with Dutch zelf- (“self-”), German Low German sülvst- (“self-”), German selbst- (“self-”), Swedish själv- (“self-”), Icelandic sjálf- (“self-”). More at self.


self-

Middle English: self-, sylf-, seolf-

English: self-

self- + cwalu (“killing”) → selfcwalu (“suicide”)

self- + -dōm (“-dom”) → selfdōm (“independence”)

self- + -wille (“willing”) → selfwille (“voluntary”)


cell

From Middle English celle, selle, from Old English cell (attested in inflected forms), from Latin cella (“chamber, small room, compartment”), later reinforced by Old French cel, sele, Old French cele. ultimately from Proto-Italic *kelnā, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelneh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”). Doublet of cella and hall.

der

intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell

melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cell

The upper right cell always starts with the color green.

Basically, I'm looking for a fast (the fastest?) way of updating grids, where each cell has to look at an arbitrary number of its neighbors.

1988 January 26, David Hiebeler, “Fast way to update grids”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

It is used for land-use change simulations, where the content of the cells surrounding a central cell defines how this cell is going to evolve (for example, a cell that is "agriculture" but has 3 urban neighbors will likely become urban, while if it is surrounded by forest or other agriculture cells, it will remain agriculture.)

2010 March 10, Jean H., “What is CA for?”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

I've seen this space colloqually referred to as MAP (presumably since it maps a 3x3 neighborhood into a future cell state)

2022 February 11, Mateon1, “Game of Life with real 8 neighbors”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

(cellular automata) The minimal unit of a cellular automaton that can change state and has an associated behavior.


-kun

(anime and manga fandom) Appended to a young man's name or nickname to indicate familiarity.


-sama

(anime and manga fandom) Appended to a person's name or nickname to convey honour and respect.


-san

From Old Irish -som (3rd person singular masculine/neuter; 3rd person plural).

-sean

used after palatalized consonants and front vowels

Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor

and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject

and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object

emphatic suffix of the following persons; used after velarized consonants and back vowels


-bo

-bo (indefinite nominative singular)
-boen (definite nominative singular)
-boer (indefinite nominative plural)
-boerne (definite nominative plural)
-bos (genitive indefinite singular)
-boens (definite genitive singular)
-boers (genitive indefinite plural)
-boernes (definite genitive plural)

From Old Norse Búi, from búi (“dweller”), from búa (“to dwell”), from Proto-Germanic *būą.


-bo

Presumably borrowed from Russian ибо (ibo).

kui (“how?”) + -bo → kuibo (“how (indeed)?”)

mi (“what?”) + -bo → mibo (“what (then)?”)


-bo

London (“London”) + -bo → Londonbo (“Londoner”)

Used to form the names of residents or inhabitants of particular places, in particular towns/cities.


-rin

tl-verb

-rin (verb-forming suffix, adjective-forming suffix, noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜈ᜔)

From -in, but Potet (2013) finds this suffix as abnormal so surmises it to be influenced by Sanskrit -इन् (-in) as in अपचारिन् (apacārin), specifically for salarin.

sala (“fault”) + -rin → salarin (“culprit”)


-chan

forms verbal nouns from first-conjugation verbs ending in -igh


o-

From Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana. Compare German an-, Dutch aan-, English on-.

o- + schraufn (“to screw”) → oschraufn (“to screw on”)

o- + greifn (“to grab, seize”) → ogreifn (“to touch, handle”)

o- + brenna (“to burn”) → obrenna (“to scorch”)

Separable verb prefix that indicates a direction, goal, destination and a contact made therein.


o-

Polish: o-

o- + pozdny → opóździć

appears in front of some verbs meaning: to make something behave in a certain way, en-, be-, make

o- + soczyć → osoczyć


o-

Inherited from Old Polish o-. Doublet of ob-.

o- + słabnąć → osłabnąć

o- + trzeźwy → otrzeźwić


o-

From Old Swedish ō-, from Old Norse ú-, ó-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from the Proto-Indo-European *n̥- whence also Greek α- (a-) and English un-.

Added to adjectives to yield their opposites; un-

Added to nouns to mean lack or being without


o-

Pre-Mandan: [Term?]

Mandan: ó-

Proto-Mississippi-Valley: *o-

Proto-Dakota: *o-

Lakota: o

Stoney: o

Proto-Dhegiha: *o-

Kansa: o-

Omaha-Ponca: o-

Osage: o-

Quapaw: o-

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere: *o-

Chiwere: u-

Winnebago: ho-

Proto-Missouri-River: *ó-

Crow: ó-

Hidatsa: ó-

Proto-Ohio-Valley: *o-

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo: *o-

Biloxi: o, u

Ofo: o-

Tutelo: o-


丸

⟨maro₂⟩ → */marə/ → /maru/
Shift from Old Japanese 丸 (maro, see below).

円

round object, soft-shell turtle, wholeness


non-

From Middle English non- (“not, lack of, failure to”), from Middle English non (“no, not any; not, not at all”, literally “none”) and Old English nān- (prefix), both from Old English nān (“no, not any”), from Proto-West Germanic *nain, from Proto-Germanic *nainaz (“none, nought, zero”), see none. Merged with and reinforced by Middle English non- (“not”), from Old French non- and Medieval Latin nōn (“not”), from Old Latin noinu, noinom, from ne oinom (“not one”).

der

nonaboriginal is a person who is not aboriginal, nonabrasive is a substance that is not abrasive, nonabstract is not abstract

Used in the sense of no or none, to show lack of or failure to perform; or in the sense of not, to negate the meaning of the word to which it is prefixed.

Not, the negation of the root word (a quality).

nonaccountability is absence of accountability, nonacceleration is lack of acceleration, nonaction is the absence of action; failure to act

Absence, the absence of the root (a quantity).


non-

From English non-, from Middle English non- (“not, lack of, failure to”), from Middle English non (“no, not any; not, not at all”, literally “none”), from Old English nān (“no, not any”), see none. Merged with and reinforced by Middle English non- (“not”), from Old French non- and Medieval Latin nōn (“not”), from Old Latin noinu, noinom, from ne oinom (“not one”).

non-: Used in the sense of no or none, to show lack of or failure to perform; or in the sense of not, to negate the meaning of the word to which it is prefixed.


il-

Form used before a root beginning with the letter l of in-


il-

From il (“much, many”), from Old Irish il, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁- (compare Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “much”)).


弾

Han char

弾 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 弓火田十 (NFWJ), composition ⿰弓単)

Shinjitai
Simplified Chinese
Traditional Chinese


弾

弾 (canonical)
dan (romanization)
だん (hiragana historical)


-ably

suitably

Used to form adverbs corresponding to adjectives that end in -able.


universe

From Middle English universe, from Old French univers, from Latin universum (“all things, as a whole, the universe”), neuter of universus (“all together, whole, entire, collective, general, literally turned or combined into one”), from uni-, combining form of unus (“one”) + versus (“turned”), perfect passive participle of vertō (“to turn”). Analyzable as uni- + -verse through backformation of -verse.

der

Alternative letter-case form of Universe; Our universe.


universe

God does not play dice with the universe

(mathematics) The set of all things considered.

Everything under consideration.
The set of all things considered.

Under our new World may alſo be compriſed thoſe vaſt Southern Coaſts and Streights of Magelan, firſt lighted on by Ferdinandus Magelanus in the year 1520, in his Circumnavigation of the Univerſe ; which forty five years after Sir Francis Drake, and next Sir Thomas Bendiſh, Engliſhmen, made a furhter inſpection into ; and in the Year 1600 Oliver van Noord a Hollander paſt, but of later years a Spaniard, Fedinand de Quier, out-ſhot them all by a more ample Diſcovery then all the former.

1669, John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, →OCLC, pages 3–4:

(archaic) The Earth, the sphere of the world.


un-

PIE word
 *ne
From Middle English un-, from Old English un-, from Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-. Cognate with Scots un-, on- (“un-”), North Frisian ün-, Saterland Frisian uun-, West Frisian ûn-, on-, Dutch on-, Low German un-, on-, German un-, Danish u-, Swedish o-, Norwegian u-, Icelandic ó-. More distant cognate with Latin in-, Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (whence English a-, modern Greek α- (a-)) and Sanskrit अ- (a-).
Doublet of in- and a-.

un- + educated → uneducated (“not educated”)

(added to adjectives or past participles) not


un-

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *un-
Old English: un-, on-
Middle English: un-
Scots: un-
English: un-
Old Frisian: un-
North Frisian: ün-
Saterland Frisian: uun-
West Frisian: ûn-, on-
Old Saxon: un-
Low German: on-, un-
Old Dutch: un-
Middle Dutch: on-
Dutch: on-
Afrikaans: on-
Limburgish: ón-
Old High German: un-
Middle High German: un-
Alemannic German: o-, u-
German: un-
Luxembourgish: un-
Yiddish: אומ־ (um-)

Proto-Norse: ᚢᚾ- (un-)
Old Norse: ú-, ó-
Icelandic: ó-
Faroese: ó-
Norwegian Nynorsk: u-, o-
Old Swedish: ō-
Swedish: o-
Danish: u-
Norwegian Bokmål: u-

Gothic: 𐌿𐌽- (un-)

Vandalic: *un-


un-

Old English: un-, on-
Middle English: un-
Scots: un-
English: un-

Old Frisian: un-

North Frisian: ün-

Saterland Frisian: uun-

West Frisian: ûn-, on-

Old Saxon: un-

Low German: on-, un-

Old Dutch: un-

Middle Dutch: on-
Dutch: on-
Afrikaans: on-
Limburgish: ón-

Old High German: un-
Middle High German: un-
Alemannic German: o-, u-
German: un-
Luxembourgish: un-
Yiddish: אומ־ (um-)


laus

laust (neuter)
lause (definite plural singular)
lausare (comparative)
lausast (indefinite superlative)
lausaste (definite superlative)


omnibus

en-noun

omnibus (plural omnibuses or omnibusses or (nonstandard) omnibi)

omnibuses (plural)
omnibusses (plural)
omnibi (nonstandard plural)

Borrowed from French (voiture) omnibus (“(carriage) for all”), from Latin omnibus (“for all”), dative plural of omnis (“all”).

bor+

The omnibus edition of The Archers is broadcast every Sunday morning at 11.00.

In late 1959, well before he was required to adapt his six-part Quatermass and the Pit teleplay into a ninety-seven-minute film script, [Nigel] Kneale supervised the editing of the BBC version into two feature-length episodes for a repeat broadcast. In 1989, he had another go at it, trimming the 207-minute serial into a 178-minute omnibus for release on video cassette, mostly losing comic relief.

2014, Kim Newman, “Introduction”, in Quatermass and the Pit, London: Palgrave Macmillan on behalf of the British Film Institute, →ISBN, page 7:

A broadcast programme consisting of all of the episodes of a serial that have been shown in the previous week.


monopoly

From Latin monopōlium, from Ancient Greek μονοπώλιον (monopṓlion, “a right of exclusive sale”), from μόνος (mónos, “sole”) + πωλέω (pōléō, “I barter, sell”). By surface analysis, mono- + -poly.

uder

The sale of the leaves and roots was a Government monopoly, and from it the Kings of Kôr derived a large proportion of their private revenue.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

In 1918 a Chinese company was given a monopoly to run a service between Victoria and the districts of Mong Kok and Sham Shui Po. Five years later this monopoly was transferred to the Hong Kong and Yaumati Ferry Company, together with the right to run a service to Yau Ma Tei.

1962, G. B. Endacott, A. Hinton, “Public Works and Transport”, in Fragrant Harbour: A Short History of Hong Kong, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, published 1977, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 122:

It has jailed environmental activists and is planning to limit the power of judicial oversight by handing a state-approved body a monopoly over bringing environmental lawsuits.

2013 August 10, “Can China clean up fast enough?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:

Exactly! You can’t reduce the competition when nobody is competing! You could not be describing a monopoly more clearly if you were wearing a metal top hat while driving a metal car after winning second prize in a beauty contest!

2014 June 1, “Net Neutrality”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 1, episode 5, John Oliver (actor), via HBO:

A situation, by legal privilege or other agreement, in which solely one party (company, cartel etc.) exclusively provides a particular product or service, dominating that market and generally exerting powerful control over it.


psycho-

[ˈsaɪ̯.kəʊ̯]

From Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ, “soul”).

This endeavour forms the core of Daniel Pick's fascinating study of the mobilisation of psychoanalysis not only for the Allied war effort, but for a postwar world momentarily seduced by the idea that war and violence might be eridicated by a bit of psycho-science.

2012, Richard Overy, “The Mind of Evil”, in Literary Review, number 399:

Relating to the soul, the mind, or to psychology.


psycho-

Derived from Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ, “soul”).


psycho-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ, “soul”).

psycho- + Therapie (“therapy”) → Psychotherapie (“psychotherapy”)

psycho- (relating to the soul, the mind, or to psychology)


psycho-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ).


-um

Having finished her return of deaths, she went on to say "Black fellow sick—white lady fowl sendum—white lady kangaroo sendum—master all self eatum—" but here she paused and made an exception in favour of the matron, expressed by the words " Missis not eatum—missis good fellow."

1871, Mrs. Edward Millett, An Australian parsonage; or, The settler and the savage in Western Australia, page 129:

"Givum dinner; smokum pipe," was all that we could get out of Quatchett.

1896, F J Stimsom, King Noanett: A Story of Old Virginia and the Massachusetts Bay, page 254:

Denotes transitive verbs in the trade pidgins used between English-speakers and indigenous populations; used derogatorily by extension in English by addition to any verb, transitive or not.


-um

From Latin -ūmen (action noun suffix), an extended form of -men.

greix (“grease”) + -um → greixum (“grime, grunge”)

pixar (“to piss”) + -um → pixum (“piss, urine”)

used to form nouns, usually with a collective and pejorative connotation


-um

L means this form triggers lenition.N means this form triggers nasalization(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.


-um

ending used for some words of Latin origin


obtuse

en-verb

obtuse (third-person singular simple present obtuses, present participle obtusing, simple past and past participle obtused)

obtuses (present singular third-person)
obtusing (participle present)
obtused (participle past)
obtused (past)

From Middle French obtus (“obtuse (geometry); narrow-minded, obtuse; boring, dull, lifeless”), from Latin obtūsus (“blunt, dull; obtuse”), past participle of obtundere, from obtundō (“to batter, beat, strike; to blunt, dull”), from ob- (“against”) (see ob-) + tundō (“to beat, strike; to bruise, crush, pound”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd-, from *(s)tew- (“to hit; to push”)). More at obtund.

der

Fouler. To tread, ſtampe, or trample on; to bruiſe, or cruſh, by ſtamping; hurt, or obtuſe, by treading on; […]

1611, Randle Cotgrave, compiler, “Fouler”, in A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, signature Qq ij, verso, column 2:

The general effect of even a weak infusion of coca leaves is a pleasant irritability and sleeplessness. A stronger infusion keeps hunger away, prevents loss of breath in ascending mountains, dilates the pupil, and obtuses the sensibility to the air.

1861 August, “[Miscellaneous.] Coca”, in The United States Journal of Homœopathy, volume II, New York, N.Y.: C. T. Hurlburt, No. 437 Broome Street, →OCLC, page 549:

[Gustav von] Bunge […] claims that its [alcohol's] primary action is that of a depressant, and that its apparent good effects are simply due to the obtusing influence upon physical and mental suffering. But this is scarcely a correct assumption, as there are individuals in whom the smallest doses produce palpitation of the heart, throbbing of the carotids, and great mental activity. He also claims that alcohol does not produce renewed vigor in tired individuals, but simply obtuses this feeling of exhaustion.

1900 July 13, George M. Kober, “Shall Alcohol be Considered as a Food?”, in Landon B. Edwards, Charles M. Edwards, editors, Virginia Medical Semi-monthly (Richmond), volume V, number 7 (103 overall), Richmond, Va.: J. W. Fergusson & Son, printers [for the Medical Society of Virginia], published 1901, →OCLC, page 205, column 1:

The American avidity for "action" has evidently obtused the perceptions of habitual theatre-goers to all nuances of feeling, and therefore, the harmless romancings of the elderly estranged couple, Mr. and Mrs. Arvik, are interpreted as covering unspeakable iniquities that only exist in the minds of the critics.

1916, Henry Goddard Leach, editor, The American-Scandinavian Review, volume 4, New York, N.Y.: The American-Scandinavian Foundation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 51:

(transitive, obsolete) To dull or reduce an emotion or a physical state.

затъпявам

to dull or reduce an emotion or a physical state


step-

From Middle English step-, from Old English stēop- (“deprived of a relative, step-”, prefix), from Proto-West Germanic *steupa-, from Proto-Germanic *steupa- (“orphaned, step-”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to push, strike”).
Cognate with Scots step- (“step-”), West Frisian stiep- (“step-”), Dutch stief- (“step-”), Low German steef- (“step-”), German stief- (“step-”), Swedish styv- (“step-”), Icelandic stjúp- (“step-”). Related to Old English stīepan (“to deprive, bereave”). Not, however, related to the familiar English noun or verb step.

cog

A prefix used before father, mother, brother, sister, son, daughter, child, and so forth, to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative but is related through the marriage of a parent.

խորթ

prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative

stief- (e.g. stiefdochter, stiefmoeder, stiefvader, stiefzoon)

(no prefix exists, there are special words)


step-

English: step-

Scots: step-, stap-

From Old English stēop- (“deprived of a relative, step-”, prefix), from Proto-West Germanic *steupa-, from Proto-Germanic *steupa- (“orphaned, step-”).
The short vowel is due to regular shortening of long vowels before consonant clusters in Early Middle English. All of the words that stēop- was prefixed to in Old English were consonant-initial, so shortening occurred exceptionlessly.

step- (related through the marriage of a parent)


-ian

From Latin -iānus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun.

(as a noun) One from, belonging to, relating to, or like.


-ian

-ian (infinitive)
-ienne (infinitive)
-iġe (first-person present singular)
-ode (first-person past singular)
-ast (present second-person singular)
-odest (past second-person singular)
-aþ (present singular third-person)
-ode (past singular third-person)
-iaþ (plural present)
-odon (past plural)
-iġe (present singular)
-ode (past singular)
-iġen (plural present)
-oden (past plural)
-a (imperative past present singular)
-iaþ (imperative past plural present)
-iende (imperative present)
-od (imperative past)

Middle English: -ien, -en (merged with all other verbs)

English: -en, -e (obsolete)

Scots: -e (obsolete)

By syncope from earlier *-ōjan, a northern Ingvaeonic innovated form of Proto-West Germanic *-ōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną.


-ian

(as a noun) Denotes a follower of something.


-ian

clawr (“board, surface”) + -ian → clorian (“to weigh”)

sgrech (“scream, screech”) + -ian → sgrechian (“to scream, to screech”)


shadow

en-noun

shadow (countable and uncountable, plural shadows)

From Middle English schadowe, schadewe, schadwe (also schade > shade), from Old English sċeaduwe, sċeadwe, oblique form of sċeadu (“shadow, shade; darkness; protection”), from Proto-West Germanic *skadu, from Proto-Germanic *skadwaz (“shade, shadow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness”).
Cognates:
Cognate with Scots scaddow, schaddow (“shadow”), Saterland Frisian Skaad (“shade, shadow”), Dutch schaduw (“shadow”), German Schatten (“shadow, shade”), Norwegian skodde (“fog, mist”), Irish scáth (“shadow”), Ancient Greek σκότος (skótos, “darkness, gloom”) (whence English scoto-).

cog

(typography) A drop shadow effect applied to lettering in word processors etc.


atto-

From Danish atten (“eighteen”), extending the idea to how femto- is derived from Danish femten (“fifteen”) and the fermi unit.

International System of Units
International System of Units

In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10⁻¹⁸ (short scale quintillionth or long scale trillionth). Symbol: a


atto-

atto- + sekunda → attosekunda


centi-

From French centi- and its etymon Latin centi-, from centum (“hundred”). Doublet of hecato- and hecto-.

(specifically) In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10⁻². Symbol: c

centimillionaire


deca-

From Late Latin decas (“(set of) ten”), from Ancient Greek δεκάς (dekás), from δέκα (déka, “ten”).
 SI prefix

 da
 Previous:
 deci-

 Next:
 hecto-

enum

decagon


deca-

Borrowed from French déca-, based on Late Latin decas (“(set of) ten”), from Ancient Greek δεκάς (dekás), from δέκα (déka, “ten”).
 SI prefix

 da
 Previous:
 deci-

 Next:
 hecto-


deci-

Borrowed from French déci-, from Latin decimus (“tenth”).


exa-

From Ancient Greek ἕξ (héx, “six”), for the sixth order of 10³, analogous to tera-.

In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10¹⁸ (a short scale quintillion or long scale trillion). Symbol: E


exa-

exa- + joule → exajoule


femto-

From Danish femten (“fifteen”), and the previous name of the femtometre, the fermi.

In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10⁻¹⁵ (short scale quadrillionth or long scale billiardth). Symbol: f.


femto-

From English femto-, from Danish femten (“fifteen”), and the previous name of the femtometre, the fermi.

femto-: in the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10−15. Symbol: f.


femto-

femto- + metr → femtometr


giga-

From Ancient Greek γίγας (gígas, “giant”); cognate to giant.

giga- + watt → gigawatt ("one billion watts")

In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10⁹ (short scale billion or long scale milliard). Symbol: G

(computing, sometimes proscribed) Multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 2³⁰ or 1,073,741,824.

Wow, I am giga-jealous right now.

(slang) Augmenting an adjective; intensely, extremely, or to an exceptionally high degree.

giga- + Chad → gigachad

giga- + Stacy → gigastacy

(Internet slang, originally 4chan) Used to augment nouns; denoting an invididual who is a paragon of something.


giga-

giga- + -metr → gigametr


hecto-

engineering notation
scientific notation

From French hecto-, from Ancient Greek ἑκατόν (hekatón, “hundred”). Doublet of hecato- and centi-.

uder

In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 100. Symbol: h


hecto-

From French hecto-, from Ancient Greek ἑκατόν (hekatón, “hundred”).


milli-

From Latin mille (“thousand”), via French.

Example: millipede


milli-

→ Caribbean Javanese: mili


milli-

Internationalism, ultimately from Latin mille.


milli-

milli- + méter (“meter”) → milliméter (“millimeter”)


milli-

milli- (multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10⁻³)


nano-

From Latin nānus (“dwarf”), from Ancient Greek νᾶνος (nânos).

In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10⁻⁹ (short scale billionth or long scale milliardth). Symbol: n

nano- + biology → nanobiology

Derived from the nanotechnology industry.


nano-

From Latin nanus (“dwarf”), from Ancient Greek νᾶνος (nânos).


nano-

Internationalism, ultimately from Ancient Greek νᾶνος (nânos).


peta-

Based on penta- (“five”) with the middle letter removed, analogous to tera-.

In the metric system, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10¹⁵ (a short scale quadrillion or long scale billiard). Symbol: P


tera-

From Ancient Greek τέρας (téras, “monster”). Also from Ancient Greek τέτταρες (téttares, “four”), by analogy with tetra- for being the fourth power of 10³. Doublet of terato-.

der

In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10¹² (short scale trillion or long scale billion). Symbol: T


yocto-

From Ancient Greek ὀκτώ (oktṓ, “eight”), for the eighth order of 10⁻³. The letter y was added, as the second term in a series running backwards through the alphabet.


yotta-

From Ancient Greek ὀκτώ (oktṓ, “eight”), for the eighth order of 10³. The consonants ct are reduced to tt as in Italian, by analogy with peta-; the final a conforms to the finals vowel of the SI series from mega- upwards; the letter y was added, as the second term in a series running through the alphabet backwards (from zetta-).

In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10²⁴ (a short scale septillion or long scale quadrillion). Symbol: Y

bronto-

terms previously proposed to be the next prefix


yotta-

From Ancient Greek ὀκτώ (oktṓ, “eight”).


zepto-

From Ancient Greek ἑπτά (heptá, “seven”), for the seventh order of 10⁻³. The final o conforms to the finals vowel of the SI series from micro- downwards; the letter z was added, as a start in a series of terms running backwards through the alphabet.


zetta-

Coined with Latin septem and Ancient Greek ἑπτά (heptá, “seven”) in mind, for the seventh order of 10³. The consonants pt are reduced to tt as in Italian, by analogy with peta-; the initial z was chosen instead of s to avoid confusion with s for second.

In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10²¹ (a short scale sextillion or long scale trilliard). Symbol: Z


gibi-

The IEC prefix meaning 2³⁰ = 1,024³ = 1,073,741,824. Compare giga-, meaning 10⁹ = 1,000³ = 1,000,000,000, a billion.


in-

PIE word
 *h₁én
From Middle English in-, from Old English in- (“in, into”, prefix), from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én. More at in.

inbreed is to produce or generate within, inburning is burning within, incircle is a circle within a polygon

in, into, towards, within.
Within (position)


in-

head

in- (before l il-, before b, m, or p im-, before r ir-)

in-; un- (reversal of meaning or lack of an attribute)


in-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ne
Proto-Indo-European *n̥-
Proto-Italic *ən-
Latin in-bor.
French in-
Borrowed from Latin in-, from Proto-Italic *ən-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-, from *ne.


in-

From Dutch in-, from French in-, from Latin in- (“un-, not”).

in-: used with certain words to reverse their meaning.


in-

PIE word
 *ne
From English in-, from Middle English in-, from Latin in- (“not”).

informal

(non-productive) Used with certain words to reverse their meaning; in-.


im-

From Latin im-, assimilated form of in- used before b-/p-/m-.


im-

a form of the prefix in-, used before b, m and p


im-

im- + moralizm → immoralizm


ir-

From Latin ir-, assimilated form of in- used before r-.


ir-

Form used before a root beginning with the letter r of in-


ir-

Variant of in- by assimilation, used before r.


ir-

not; negation, equivalent to ir- in English


-ist

From Middle English -ist, -iste, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) + -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix). Equivalent to -ism + -t.

ـِيّ

One who follows a particular ideology, doctrine, belief system or theory

-գետ

A member of a profession or one interested in something

autist, egoist

Note, these are related to -isms: autism, egoism

one who suffers from a specific condition or syndrome


-ist

appended to a word, it yields a noun which signifies the subject who performs something related to that word


-ist

From French -iste (“-ist, -istic”), from Latin -ista (“-ist; one who practises or believes”), from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), alternative form of -τής (-tḗs), from Proto-Hellenic *-tās, probably from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ (forms nouns representing state of being).

der

used to form nouns, usually relating to people.


-ist

From French -iste, from Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs).


-ist

ro-adj

-ist m or n (feminine singular -istă, masculine plural -iști, feminine and neuter plural -iste)

-istă (feminine singular)
-iști (masculine plural)
-iste (feminine neuter plural)
-ist (indefinite masculine neuter singular)
-istă (feminine indefinite singular)
-iști (indefinite masculine singular)
-iste (feminine indefinite neuter plural)
-istul (definite masculine neuter singular)
-ista (definite feminine singular)
-iștii (definite masculine singular)
-istele (definite feminine neuter plural)
-iste (feminine indefinite singular)
-istului (definite masculine neuter singular)
-istei (definite feminine singular)
-iștilor (definite masculine singular)
-istelor (definite feminine neuter plural)

pian + -ist

anarhie + -ist

rasă + -ist


-ist

-ist (indefinite nominative singular)
-ists (genitive indefinite singular)
-isten (definite nominative singular)
-istens (definite genitive singular)
-ister (indefinite nominative plural)
-isters (genitive indefinite plural)
-isterna (definite nominative plural)
-isternas (definite genitive plural)

pianist

anarkist

rasist


-ist

-ist (masculine nominative singular)
-istu (feminine nominative singular)
-ist (neuter nominative singular)
-istanā (accusative masculine singular)
-istā (accusative feminine singular)
-ist (accusative neuter singular)
-istas (genitive masculine singular)
-isteʀā (feminine genitive singular)
-istas (genitive neuter singular)
-istumē (dative masculine singular)
-isteʀē (dative feminine singular)
-istumē (dative neuter singular)
-istu (instrumental masculine singular)
-isteʀu (feminine instrumental singular)
-istu (instrumental neuter singular)
-istē (masculine nominative plural)
-istō (feminine nominative plural)
-istu (neuter nominative plural)
-istā (accusative masculine plural)
-istā (accusative feminine plural)
-istu (accusative neuter plural)
-isteʀō (genitive masculine plural)
-isteʀō (feminine genitive plural)
-isteʀō (genitive neuter plural)
-istēm (dative masculine plural)
-istum (dative masculine plural)
-istēm (dative feminine plural)
-istum (dative feminine plural)
-istēm (dative neuter plural)
-istum (dative neuter plural)
-istēm (instrumental masculine plural)
-istum (instrumental masculine plural)
-istēm (feminine instrumental plural)
-istum (feminine instrumental plural)
-istēm (instrumental neuter plural)
-istum (instrumental neuter plural)

Old English: -est

Middle English: -est

English: -est

Scots: -est

Old Frisian: -st

Saterland Frisian: -st

West Frisian: -st

Old Saxon: -ist

Middle Low German: -est

German Low German: -st

Old Dutch: -ist

Middle Dutch: -st
Dutch: -st

Old High German: -ist

Middle High German: -est

German: -st


-ism

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.
English -ism
Ultimately from Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós), a suffix that forms abstract nouns of action, state, condition, doctrine, from stem of verbs in -ίζειν (-ízein) (whence English -ize). Doublet of -ismus.
Many English nouns in -ism are loans of Greek nouns in -ισμός (-ismós), often via Latin and French, such as Judaism, a learned English formation from Latin attested from c. 1500 and ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαϊσμός (Ioudaïsmós). In Late Latin, the -ismus suffix became the ordinary ending for names of religions and ecclesiastical or philosophical systems or schools of thought, thus chrīstiānismus (whence 16th c. Christianism) in Tertullian, a trend continued in Medieval Latin, with e.g. pāgānismus attested by the 8th century. From the 16th century, such formations became very common in English, until the early 18th century mostly restricted to either root words of Greek or Latin origin (heroism, patriotism) or proper names (Calvinism, Lutheranism).
Productivity from root words with evidently non-Latin and non-Greek origin dates to the late 18th century (e.g. blackguardism). Reflecting this productivity, use of ism as a standalone noun is attested in Edward Pettit (1680) and becomes common from the mid-18th century. The narrowed sense of forming terms for ideologies based on the belief of superiority is based on coinages such as racism (1932) or sexism (1936) and productive since the 1970s.

etymon

baptism (1300), aphorism (1528), criticism (1607), magnetism (1616)

Used to form nouns of action, process, or result based on the accompanying verb ending in -ise or -ize.

atheism (1587), ruffianism (1589), giantism (1639), fanaticism (1652), theism (1678), religionism (1706), patriotism (1716), heroism (1717), despotism (1728), old-maidism (1776), capitalism (1792), nationism (1798), romanticism (1803), conservatism (1832), sexualism (1842), vegetarianism (1848), externalism (1856), young-ladyism (1869), opportunism (1870), blackguardism (1875), jingoism (1878), feminism (1895), dwarfism (1895)

Howard didn't care much for beer, but that night he helped himself to three cans of Vi's new find nevertheless. Vi commented on it, said that if she had known he was going to like it that much, she would have stopped by the drugstore and gotten him an IV hookup. Another time-honored Vi-ism.

WE ARE EXPERIENCING BROADCAST NOOBISM

2020, Ministry of Broadcast, Hitcents, Nintendo Switch, scene: game over:

Used to form names of a tendency of action, behaviour, condition, opinion, or state belonging to a class or group of persons, or the result of a doctrine, ideology, or principle or lack thereof.

Atticism (1612), Gallicism (1656), archaism (1709), Americanism (1781), colloquialism (1834), newspaperism (1838), Shakespearianism (1886)

Note that these sayings attributed to Yogi Berra might be apocryphal […] These sayings remain, however, quintessential Berraisms.

2010, Nassim Nicholas Taleb, The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable, New York: Random House, →ISBN, page 136:

Used to form countable nouns indicating a peculiarity or characteristic of language

racism (1932), sexism (1936), classism (1971), speciesism (1975), heterosexism (1979), ableism (1981)

Used to form names of ideologies expressing belief in the superiority of a certain class within the concept expressed by the root word, or a pattern of behavior or a social norm that benefits members of the group indicated by the root word. (Based on a late 20th-century narrowing of the "terms for a doctrine" sense.)

-イズム

loanwords, vowel "i" can be merged into kana of the previous consonant

aleydigism, daturism, senilism, teratism, cocainism, climatism, humorism

(medicine) Used to form names of conditions (syndromes, diseases, disorders, defects, addictions) and therapeutical methods or doctrines.


-ism

-isme (plural)
-ism (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
-ismul (accusative definite nominative singular)
-isme (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
-ismele (accusative definite nominative plural)
-ism (indefinite singular)
-ismului (definite singular)
-isme (indefinite singular)
-ismelor (definite plural)
-ismule (singular vocative)
-ismelor (vocative)

Borrowed from Latin -ismus, French -isme, ultimately from Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós).

creștin (“Christian”) + -ism → creștinism (“Christianity”)

anarhie (“anarchy”) + -ism → anarhism (“anarchism”)


-ism

-ism (indefinite nominative singular)
-isms (genitive indefinite singular)
-ismen (definite nominative singular)
-ismens (definite genitive singular)
-ismer (indefinite nominative plural)
-ismers (genitive indefinite plural)
-ismerna (definite nominative plural)
-ismernas (definite genitive plural)

kommunism

kannibalism

surrealism


-tion

→ Malay: -syen, -sen

From Middle English -cioun, borrowing from Old French -tion, -cion, borrowed from the stem of Latin -tiō. The Middle English -cioun became -tion in Modern English under the influence of the Middle French -tion and original Latin spellings.

ignore + -tion → ignortion

scrimp + -tion → scrimption

(non-productive) Used to form nouns meaning "the action of (a verb)" or "the result of (a verb)". Words ending in this suffix are almost always derived from a similar Latin word; a few (e.g. gumption) are not derived from Latin and are unrelated to any verb. More often, -ation is used.

-sie

producing a noun meaning the action or effect of a verb

-zione

unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestione", "questione"

-ção (unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestão", "questão")

-țiune

unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestie", "chestiune"

-ción (unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestión", "cuestión")

-siyon

used for borrowed words, like in edukasiyon


-tion

fr-noun

-tion f (countable and uncountable, plural -tions)

→ Norwegian: -sjon

desc

→ Ottoman Turkish: ـسیون (-syon, -siyon)

Turkish: -syon, -siyon

Borrowed as a learned form from Latin suffix Latin -tiōne or -tiōnem, ending of the singular ablative or accusative of those nouns ending with -tiō (part of the Latin third declension). The original inherited form of the suffix, -on/-son (or -aison from -ātionem), is today less common but can be found in words such as raison, saison, chanson, venaison, oraison, garnison, etc.

Used to indicate action, condition, result or effect; -tion


-tion

-tion; making nouns. See also -else, -ing and -ning.


auto-

auto- + focus → autofocus

auto- + loader → autoloader

auto- + walk → autowalk


auto-

auto- + cenzura → autocenzura


auto-

From Dutch auto-, from Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós, “self”).


auto-

From Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós, “self”).


pyro-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pyro-.wav

From Latin pyr, from Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).


pyro-

From Latin pyro-, from Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).


רב

Root
 ר־ב־ב (r-b-b)
 0 terms
From Proto-Semitic *rabb-.

רב־מכר


zoo-

From (combining form of) Ancient Greek ζῷον (zôion, “animal”).


zoo-

From Ancient Greek ζῷον (zôion, “animal”).


zoo-

Derived from Ancient Greek ζῷον (zôion).

zoo- + -cyd → zoocyd


zoo-

From Ancient Greek ζῷον (zôion, “animal”). Doublet of bio-.


zoo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ζῷο- (zôio-), combining form of ζῷον (zôion, “animal”).


-est

From -es (adjective-forming suffix) + -t (adverb-forming suffix).

af

öröm (“joy”) + -est → örömest (“with joy”)

(adverb-forming suffix) Added to a word to form an adverb.


-est

(colloquial) verb suffix for the second-person singular preterite


-er

From Middle High German -er, from Old High German -ari, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī. Cognates include German -er and Luxembourgish -er.

Used to form agent nouns from verbs; -er


-er

brezhoneg (“Breton (language)”) + -er → brezhoneger (“Breton-speaker”)

c'hoari (“game; to play”) + -er → c'hoarier (“player, actor”)

tredan (“electricity”) + -er → tredaner (“electrician”)

person or thing that (does the action indicated by the root); used to form an agent noun.


-er

ca-adj

-er (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -era, masculine plural -ers, feminine plural -eres)

-era (feminine)
-ers (masculine plural)
-eres (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -ārius. Compare the borrowed doublet -ari.

llet (“milk”) + -er → lleter (“milk [relational adjective], dairy”)

pel·lícula (“film”) + -er → pel·liculer (“film [relational adjective], filmic, cinematic”)


-er

Possibly from English -er, by analogy of word pairs like blog and blogger (whose doubled final consonant is consistently pronounced long in Hungarian, as opposed to English) and/or perhaps earlier borrowed word pairs like stop and stoppol. Other existing slang terms ending in -er, like vaker, haver, sóder, might have played some role.

kalauz (“ticket inspector”) → kaller

nyugdíjas (“pensioner”) → nyugger

mami (“mommy; elderly woman”) → mammer

jobboldali (“rightist”) → jobber

(slang, slightly derogatory) Added to a shortened form of a noun, lengthening the first consonant following its first vowel, to derive a noun.


-er

From a Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, from Latin -ārius.

-er (suffix used to form agent nouns from verbs)


-er

Most probably not a cognate of English -er or Latin -ōr or -tōr, and instead a back-formation from -ker (a variant of -ger (“-ist”)) understood as "k-" (present stem of kirin) + "-er". Natively only exists with the most basic verbs such as kirin (-ker), birin (-ber), xistin (-xer or -xîner or -êxer), dan (-der), anîn/înan (-îner)... Later also conflated with -kar (“suffix indicating a job or duty”) and -dar (“suffix indicating a possessor”). Popularized in the 20th century under the influence of similar suffixes in European languages. Before that (and now natively) diminutives such as -ok, -oke, -ek, -ik was used to form agent nouns; which are also present participle suffixes.
Despite being less likely, can still be from Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr, but the -r- is lost in Northwestern Iranic and that would have given *-it, *-id or lost entirely depending on the position, compare Persian برادر and Northern Kurdish bira
# Used to form nouns referring to doer or who works on something.
#: bû (“to be”) + -er → bûyer (“event”)
#: destpêkirin (“to start”) + -er → destpêker (“starter”)


-er

From Danish -er, from Old Norse -ari, from Medieval Latin and Middle Low German words, both from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, from Latin -ārius.

(added to place names) person or thing that originates in the place indicated by the place name


-er

-er (nominative singular)
-erzy (nominative plural)
-ery (derogatory nominative plural)
-era (genitive singular)
-erów (genitive plural)
-erowi (dative singular)
-erom (dative plural)
-era (accusative singular)
-erów (accusative plural)
-erem (instrumental singular)
-erami (instrumental plural)
-erze (locative singular)
-erach (locative plural)
-erze (singular vocative)
-erzy (plural vocative)
-er (nominative singular)
-ery (nominative plural)
-era (genitive singular)
-erów (genitive plural)
-erowi (dative singular)
-erom (dative plural)
-era (accusative singular)
-ery (accusative plural)
-erem (instrumental singular)
-erami (instrumental plural)
-erze (locative singular)
-erach (locative plural)
-erze (singular vocative)
-ery (plural vocative)
-er (nominative singular)
-ery (nominative plural)
-eru (genitive singular)
-erów (genitive plural)
-erowi (dative singular)
-erom (dative plural)
-er (accusative singular)
-ery (accusative plural)
-erem (instrumental singular)
-erami (instrumental plural)
-erze (locative singular)
-erach (locative plural)
-erze (singular vocative)
-ery (plural vocative)

aport + -er → aporter


-er

From Old Frisian -ere, from Proto-West Germanic *-ārī. Cognates include West Frisian -er and German -er.


-er

-ar (after-consonant back-vowel-harmony)
-er (after-consonant)
-şar (after-vowel back-vowel-harmony)
-şer (after-vowel)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـر (-er), from Proto-Turkic [Term?].

bir + -er → birer

iki + -er → ikişer

dört + -er → dörder

beş + -er → beşer


apocrypha

From Middle English apocrypha, apocrifa, apocrif, from Late Latin apocryphus (“secret, not approved for public reading”), from Ancient Greek ἀπόκρυφος (apókruphos, “hidden, obscure”, thus “(books) of unknown authorship”), from ἀπό (apó, “from”) + κρύπτω (krúptō, “I hide”). Properly plural (the singular would be apocryphon), but commonly treated as a collective singular. “Apocryphal” meaning “of doubtful authenticity” is first attested in English in 1590.

der

But it may be objected, that these books being in the Jews' canon , ought to be acknowledged for divinely inspired , rather than the apocryphas that never were in it

a. 1704, John Locke, An Essay for the Understanding of St. Paul's Epistles:

Our entymological^([sic – meaning etymological]) approaches to the I or Change in the I Ching seem to confirm one of the well known apocryphas, I-Wei Ch'ien tso-tu.

1975, Jung Young Lee, The I Ching and Modern Man: Essays on Metaphysical Implications of Change, Secaucus, NJ: University Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 24:

Parts of the city were unearthed and we could clearly see an almost square citadel with massive walls and a deep moat, beyond which were the outer residential quarters, shopping centre, etc. This made me think of an apocrypha of the Bogomil teaching: 'I, the prophet Isaiah, blessed among the prophets by our Lord God Jesus Christ, have come by the Will of God to tell you what will happen in the last days of the human race...' He was talking of an uncertain future, while here before us we had a tale of realities of the past.

1976, Bogomil Nonev, translated by Petko Drenkov, A Journey Through the Ages, Sofia Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 41:

We are the women
with thread bags
anchored deep in our bosoms
containing blood agreements
silver coins and cloves of garlic
and an apocrypha
of Nanny’s secrets.

1993, Lorna Goodison, “We Are the Women”, in Maura Healy, editor, Quartet of Poems, Longman, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 92:

The story of the Arsenal mural has drifted, over the years, into something more closely resembling a myth. What should be straightforward details are now shrouded in fog, tangled by apocrypha.

2020 June 8, Rory Smith, “The Shirts Were Red. The Fans Were All White.”, in New York Times, archived from the original on 2020-06-08:

Something, as a writing, that is of doubtful authorship or authority (formerly also used attributively).


-ie

Borrowed from Latin -ia, a suffix used to create abstract nouns, and from Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εια (-eia).

indicates a feminine noun, often an abstract one


-ie

Borrowed from or influenced by French -ie. Replaces Latin -ia in modern loans. Doublet of -ei.

Designates a feminine, usually abstract noun, from Latin or French roots.


-ie

English: -y, -ie

Borrowed from Old French -ie, from Latin -ia.

A suffix designating abstract or collective nouns, typically of French or Latin origin.


-ie

French: -ie


-ie

Middle French: -ie

French: -ie

Middle High German: -ie

Middle English: -ie

English: -y, -ie


-ie

Polish: -ie

niewymowny + -ie → niewymownie


-ie

wybitny + -ie → wybitnie


-ie

-ii (plural)
-ie (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
-ia (accusative definite nominative singular)
-ii (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
-iile (accusative definite nominative plural)
-ii (indefinite singular)
-iei (definite singular)
-iilor (definite plural)
-ie (singular vocative)
-io (singular vocative)
-iilor (vocative)

Probably from Latin -īlia, neuter plural of -īlis. Less likely from Latin -ia. Compare Aromanian -ilji, -ilje.

Used with a stem to create a (usually abstract) noun relating to it; can be compared to -ship, -hood, -ness, -ity, etc.


-y

-less

antonym(s) of “form “having quality of” adjectives”

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-kos
Proto-Germanic *-gaz
Proto-West Germanic *-g
Old English -iġ
Middle English -y
English -y
From Middle English -y, -i, from Old English -iġ (“-y, -ic”, suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-īgaz (“-y, -ic”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ikos, *-iḱos (“-y, -ic”).
Cognate with Scots -ie (“-y”), West Frisian -ich (“-y”), Dutch -ig (“-y”), Low German -ig (“-y”), German -ig (“-y”), Swedish -ig (“-y”), Gothic -𐌹𐌲𐍃 (-igs, “-y”), Latin -icus (“-y, -ic”), Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós), Sanskrit -इक (-ika). Doublet of -ac and -ic.

etymon

mess + -y → messy

mouse + -y → mousy

blue + -y → bluey

clay + -y → clayey

lank + -y → lanky

Tim keeps trying to make it all more impressionistic, less computer-y.

2003, Cory Doctorow, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, Macmillan, →ISBN:

Added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”, either “involving the referent” or “analogous to it”.

-al

form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “involving the referent”

-esque

form “having quality of” adjectives, denoting “analogous to the referent”


-y

Cognate with Scots -ie, being inherited directly from the same source Middle English -ie, -i, from Old English -iġ (“-ie, -y”, diminutive suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-ij-, *-j- (diminutive suffix). Compare Dutch -je (diminutive suffix), German Low German -je (diminutive suffix), German -i (diminutive suffix).

cog

Andy, Billy, Johnny, Jonesy, lovey

Forming familiar names, pet names, nicknames and terms of endearment.


-y

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂
Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā)der.
Ancient Greek -εύς (-eús)?
Ancient Greek -ιᾰ (-iă)
Ancient Greek -εια (-eia)der.
Latin -ia
Old French -ieder.
Middle English -ie
Middle English -y
English -y
From Middle English -y, -ie, -ee, -e, from Anglo-Norman and Middle French -ie and -é, from Latin -ia, -ium, -tās, Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā), -ειᾰ (-eiă), -ιον (-ion).
Cognate (as far as Latin -ia is involved) with German -ei and Dutch -ij.

etymon

modest + -y → modesty

honest + -y → honesty

-nym + -y → -nymy

as in toponym + -y → toponymy

-logue + -y → -logy

as in analogue + -y → analogy

Forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state.

Italy, Germany, Saxony, Hungary, Sicily, Lombardy, Tuscany, Albany, Brittany, Gascony, Burgundy, Picardy, Normandy, Romandy, Savoy, Muscovy, Tartary, Arcady, Thessaly, Troy, Turkey.

Used in the name of some locations which end in -ia in Latin.

-ie

used in the name of some locations ending in -ia in Latin


-y

logický + -y → logicky


-y

-y (nominative singular)
-yt (nominative plural)
-yn (genitive singular)
-yin (genitive plural)
-ylöin (genitive plural)
-yä (partitive singular)
-yjä (partitive plural)
-ylöjä (partitive plural)
-yy (illative singular)
-yi (illative plural)
-ylöihe (illative plural)
-ys (inessive singular)
-yis (inessive plural)
-ylöis (inessive plural)
-yst (elative singular)
-yist (elative plural)
-ylöist (elative plural)
-ylle (allative singular)
-yille (allative plural)
-ylöille (allative plural)
-yl (adessive singular)
-yil (adessive plural)
-ylöil (adessive plural)
-ylt (ablative singular)
-yilt (ablative plural)
-ylöilt (ablative plural)
-yks (singular translative)
-yiks (plural translative)
-ylöiks (plural translative)
-ynnä (essive singular)
-yyn (essive singular)
-yinnä (essive plural)
-ylöinnä (essive plural)
-yin (essive plural)
-ylöin (essive plural)
-ynt (exessive singular)
-yint (exessive plural)
-ylöint (exessive plural)


-y

Polish: -y

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъjь, the definite form of hard-stem adjectives. See *jь.


-y

aptécznjik + -y → aptécznjiczy


tri-

PIE word
 *tréyes
From Latin tri- (“three”) and Ancient Greek τρι- (tri-, “three”).


tri-

Ultimately from Latin tri- and Ancient Greek τρι- (tri-, “three”).


tri-

From Malay tri-, from tri, from Sanskrit त्रि (tri), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


tri-

English: tri-

Combining form of trēs (“three”, cardinal numeral).


tri-

Proto-Germanic: *þri- (see there for further descendants)

Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: τρι- (tri-, “three”)

Italic:

Latin: tri- (“three”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tri-

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tri-

Sanskrit: त्रि- (tri-, “three”)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tri-

Proto-Slavic: *trь-

Russian: тре- (tre-, “three”)


sesquipedalian

en-adj

sesquipedalian (comparative more sesquipedalian, superlative most sesquipedalian)

more sesquipedalian (comparative)
most sesquipedalian (superlative)

From sesquipedal + -ian (adjective- and noun-forming suffix), root from Latin sēsquipedālis (literally “a foot and a half long”), from Latin sēsqui (“one and a half times”) + Latin pedālis (“measuring a foot, foot (relational)”) (an adjective from pēs (“foot”)).

sesquipedalianism

literary style characterised by the use of long words.

Our dinner guest was so sesquipedalian that no one could understand what he said.

[I]ts main character, Henry (Mr. [Ewan] McGregor), is a successful, intellectual dramatist who seems quite capable of churning out fizzy, challenging works about brilliant but ambivalent revolutionaries, philosophers, etc. […] But this cleverer-than-thou creature gets his comeuppance in "The Real Thing," showing that a very human heart – just like those possessed by the less sesquipedalian – beats beneath his fancy words.

2014 October 30, Ben Brantley, “When the head leads the heart: 'The Real Thing,' With Ewan McGregor and Maggie Gyllenhaal, opens on Broadway [print version: When the witty head is far ahead of the heart: Maggie Gyllenhaal and Ewan McGregor star in revival of 'Real Thing', International New York Times, 4 November 2014, p. 9]”, in The New York Times:

Pertaining to or given to the use of overly long words.


kilo-

From French, kilo- irregularly derived from Ancient Greek χίλιοι (khílioi, “one thousand”). The etymologically "correct" form would be chili- or chilo-, resulting in forms such as chiliasme (“chiliasm”) or chilopode (“centipede”); but the French, when creating the prefix, had to avoid a possible (standard) pronunciation of chi as /ʃi/, too close to the vulgar verb chier.

In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 1,000. Symbol: k


kilo-

kilo- + méter (“meter”) → kilométer (“kilometer”)


mega-

From Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas, “great, large, mighty”).

Used with taxon names to form other taxon names, usually for a morphologically similar taxon differing only in size


mega-

From Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas, “great, large, mighty”), from Proto-Indo-European *meǵh₂s (“great”). Cognate with Latin magnus, Sanskrit मह (maha, “great, massive, large-scale, epic”), and with Germanic words: Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐍃 (mikils), Old English micel, Middle English muchel, English much, Old High German mihhil, Old Norse mikill, Danish meget.


mega-

Derived from Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas, “great, large, mighty”).


mega-

From Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas, “great, large, mighty”), from Proto-Indo-European *meǵh₂s (“great”).


mega-

International System of Units
International System of Units#English

mega- (in the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by one million (10⁶.))


mega-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek μέγα- (méga-).


meg-

megohm

Alternative form of mega- used before a vowel.


meg-

May be related to Erzya мекев (mekev, “back, backwards”).

keres (“to look for”) → megkeres (“to locate, look for it until it is found”)

talál (“to find accidentally, to come across”) → megtalál (“to find (after purposefully searching)”)

néz (“to look at, for an indefinite time, as an ongoing activity”) → megnéz (“to give it a [thorough] look, assess its quality, form an opinion, etc.”)

hallgat (“to listen”, or: “to keep quiet”) → meghallgat (“to listen till the end attentively and comprehend, give it some thought”)

vár (“to wait”) → megvár (“to wait until something happens, someone arrives or gets ready”)

A verbal prefix with the following meanings:

It adds a perfective aspect to the verb in all tenses (a definite endpoint when the action can be considered completed).

hízik (“to get fatter [than before]”) → meghízik (“to get fat”) (compare also elhízik (“to get obese”))

hosszabbít (“to make longer, lengthen”) → meghosszabbít (“to make it [sufficiently] long”)

Not infrequently it can be rendered with the positive degree of an adjective rather than the comparative, expressing an absolute measure instead of a relative one:


ever

→ German: ever

From Middle English ever, from Old English ǣfre, originally a phrase whose first element undoubtedly consists of Old English ā (“ever, always”) + in (“in”) + an element possibly from feorh (“life, existence”) (dative fēore). Compare Old English ā tō fēore (“ever in life”), Old English feorhlīf (“life”).
Sense 5 of the adverb was likely formed by association with never, which also carries the meaning of did not in colloquial Singaporean and Malaysian English. Also, compare Chinese 有 … 過 /有 … 过 (yǒu ... guò / jau⁵ ... gwo³, “has […] before”).

sl

nobody ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American people

nobody ever went broke underestimating the taste of the American people

but i ever ran 5mins using the 1400 cells and the type RR 23T motor...

2005 January 10, hellangel, “Tamiya Asiacup Qualifying 2005 (singapore)”, in rctech.net:

i ever walked from the south to MacRitchie Reservoir.....

2021 July 13, Lchlch, “What are your hobbies in sg?”, in HardwareZone Forums:

(Manglish, Singlish) Indicates experiential aspect, once; has or have (done something) before.


micro-

From New Latin micro- (“small”), from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”).

micro- + Cebus → Microcebus


micro-

From Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”).
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mey-der.?
Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós)der.
English micro-

etymon

micro- + organism → microorganism


micro-

From Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”).


-illion

Back-formation from million, then used in billion, trillion, quadrillion, each from French, ultimately from Italian mille (“thousand”) and the augmentative suffix -one. -illion was segmented from million as if mi- was a prefix, and -illion the stem.

bajillion, gazillion

Added to various nonsense syllables to indicate an arbitrarily very large number.


-illion

Back-formation from million, ultimately from Italian mille (“thousand”) and the augmentative suffix -one. -illion was segmented from million as if mi- was a prefix, and -illion the stem.


bi-

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
Borrowed from Latin bi-, from Proto-Italic *dwi-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwi-. Doublet of twi- and di-.

noun (m. sg.) + בן שתי + noun (f. pl.) (e.g. בניין בן שתי קומות, "a two-story building")

noun (m. sg.) + בן שתי + noun (m. pl.) (e.g. ספר בן שני חלקים, "a two-part book")

noun (f. sg.) + בת שתי + noun (f. pl.) (e.g. קואליציה בת שתי מפלגות, "a two-party coalition")

noun (f. sg.) + בת שני + noun (m. pl.) (e.g. מערכת בת שני גופים, "a two-body system")

གཉིས་ལྡན (gnyis ldan, literally “having two”)

ཟུང་ལྡན (zung ldan, literally “having a pair”)

གཉིས་མ (gnyis ma, literally “both, double”)

གཉིས་རེ (gnyis re, literally “every two”)

ལྡབ་གཉིས (ldab gnyis, literally “twice”)

biadjoint is adjoint in two different ways, biaffine is affine in two different ways, biclonal is having cell markers from two different cell lines

Being different in two ways with respect to the root.


bi-

Internationalism (see English bi-), ultimately from Latin bis.


bi-

English: be-

Scots: be-

Inherited from Old English be-, from Proto-West Germanic *bi-, from Proto-Germanic *bi-, from *bi-; compare by-.
The pronunciation /bi-/ (instead of expected /bə-/) is probably due to the influence of the preposition by.

A prefix forming transitive verbs from any content word, often denoting completion or thoroughness.


bi-

be-

An unstressed form of bī, from Proto-West Germanic *bī-.

bi- + brekan → bibrekan (“to break”)

bi- + brengian → bibrengian (“to accomplish”)

bi- + dēlian → bidēlian (“to deprive”)

bi- + delvan → bidelvan (“to bury”)

bi- + dempian → bidempian (“to suffocate”)

bi- + dernian → bidernian (“to conceal, to hide”)

bi- + dōdian → bidōdian (“to kill”)

bi- + driogan → bidriogan (“to deceive”)

bi- + drōragon → bidrōragon (“to bleed to death”)

bi- + dumbilian → bidumbilian (“to make a fool”)

bi- + *dwellian → bidwellian (“to hinder”)

bi- + fāhan → bifāhan (“to embrace, seize”)

bi- + fallan → bifallan (“to befall”)

bi- + felhan → bifelhan (“to recommend, give over, confide”)

bi- + fellian → bifellian (“to throw down”)

bi- + findan → bifindan (“to notice, find out”)

bi- + gangan → bigān, bigangan (“to celebrate”)

bi- + gehan → bigehan (“to dare, confess”)

A productive prefix usually used to form verbs and adjectives, especially verbs with the sense “around, throughout” or makes transitive verbs from intransitive verbs, adjectives and nouns.


bi-

bi- + -gamia → bigamia


bi-

(obsolete, unproductive) -less, un-, in-.


bi-

Proto-West Germanic: *bi-

desctree

Old English: be-
Middle English: bi-, be-, by-, b- (in certain words)
English: be-
Scots: be-

Old Frisian: bi-, be-

Saterland Frisian: bi-

West Frisian: be-

Old Saxon: bi-

Middle Low German: bi-, be-

Low German: be-

→ Danish: be-

→ Swedish: be-

→ Norwegian: be-

Old Dutch: bi-, be-

Middle Dutch: be-, bi-

Dutch: be-

Afrikaans: be-

Old High German: bi-

Middle High German: bi-, be-

German: be-

Luxembourgish: be-

Yiddish: באַ־ (ba-)

Vilamovian: by-

Gothic: 𐌱𐌹- (bi-)


out-

From Middle English ut-, from Old English ūt- (“out, without, outside”) (also as ūta-, ūtan- (“from or on the outside, without”), as in ūtanweard (“outward, external”)), from Proto-Germanic *ūt- (“out-”). Cognate with Dutch uit-, German aus-, Swedish ut-, Icelandic út-. More at out.

inh

The plant's leaves outgrew their box


ennea-

From Ancient Greek ἐννέα (ennéa, “nine”).


anti-

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). Doublet of ante-.

anti- + aircraft → antiaircraft

anti- + freeze → antifreeze

anti- + bacterial → antibacterial


anti-

→ Indonesian: anti-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-).


anti-

Derived from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).


anti-

Internationalism (see English anti-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-).


anti-

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).


anti-

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”), influenced by Latin borrowings from Greek beginning with anti- (like Antichristus) and German borrowings from Latin or Greek. Doublet of ent-.


anti-

From Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).


anti-

Borrowed from English anti-, French anti-, German anti-, Italian anti-, Spanish anti-, Russian анти- (anti-), all ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí).

anti- + toxino (“toxin”) → antitoxino (“antitoxin”)

anti-, contra-, counter- (for use mainly in scientific terms)


anti-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”).


anti-

anti-; against, opposite, protecting against


ambi-

From Latin ambo (“both”). Doublet of amphi-.

ambisense, ambivert, ambisyllabicity

ambilocal, ambivalent, ambiquitous


ambi-

From Latin ambi- (“both”), from ambo (“both”).


ambi-

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *amm-
Breton: am-
Cornish: am-
Welsh: am-

Old Irish: imm-, imb-, imme- (in relative verb forms)
Irish: im-

Gaulish: Ambiorix (personal name)


-ous

From Middle English -ous, from Old French -ous, -os, -us, from Latin -ōsus (“full of”). Doublet of -ose and -wise in unstressed position. Many English adjectives ending in -ous were taken from preexisting French or Latin adjectives that end in one of the above suffixes (e.g. envious corresponds directly to Old French envious which in turn corresponds directly to Latin invidiōsus). In addition, -ous (or the variant form -ious) has at times been attached to English nouns to form derived adjectives that lack precedents in French or Latin, such as slumberous from slumber or blizzardous from blizzard. It has also been used in some cases as a means of adapting adjectives borrowed from Latin that originally ended simply in -us, -a, -um (for example, obvious and previous are derived from Latin obvius and praevius, not *obviōsus or *praeviōsus).

chemical nomenclature
chemical nomenclature#English

chemical compound
chemical compound#English

chemical element
chemical element#English

oxidation number
oxidation number#English

(chemistry) Used in chemical nomenclature to name chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number than in the equivalent compound whose name ends in the suffix -ic. For example sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) has more oxygen atoms per molecule than sulphurous acid (H₂SO₃). See Inorganic nomenclature.


-ous

English: -ous

From Old French -ous, -us, -eus, from Latin -ōsus.

Forms adjectives from nouns or verbs, especially if of Romance origin.


-one

head

-one m (plural -oni, feminine -ona, feminine plural -one)

-oni (plural)
-ona (feminine)
-one (feminine plural)

From Latin -ōnem.
Cognate to Spanish -ón, Portuguese -ão, and French -on (whence English -oon).

ragazzo (“boy”) + -one → ragazzone (“big boy”)

padre (“father”) + -one → padrone (“boss”)

bacio (“kiss”) + -one → bacione (“big kiss”)


-ona

kvar (“four”) + -ona → kvarona (“quarter, fourth”)

du (“two”) + -ona → duona (“half”)


-ona

-ōna (canonical feminine)
-ōnae (genitive)
-ōna (nominative singular)
-ōnae (nominative plural)
-ōnae (genitive singular)
-ōnārum (genitive plural)
-ōnae (dative singular)
-ōnīs (dative plural)
-ōnam (accusative singular)
-ōnās (accusative plural)
-ōnā (ablative singular)
-ōnīs (ablative plural)
-ōna (singular vocative)
-ōnae (plural vocative)

Used to form names or epithets of female deities


-ità

it-noun

-ità f (noun-forming suffix, invariable)

From earlier Italian -itade ~ -itate, from Latin -itātem. Cognate with Sicilian -ità.

used to form abstract nouns that correspond to English words ending in -ity or -ness


-ità

From the apocope of ― the now obosolete but still used ― -itati, from Latin -itātem. Compare Sicilian -itù. Cognate with Catalan -itat, Italian -itade/-ità, Portuguese -idade, Spanish -idad.

veru (“true”) + -ità → virità (“truth”)

caru (“dear”) + -ità → carità (“compassion, charity”)

castu (“chaste”) + -ità → castità (“chastity”)

filici (“happy”) + -ità → filicità (“happiness”)

sicilianu (“Sicilian”) + -ità → sicilianità (“sicilianity”)

vastu (“vast”) + -ità → vastità (“vastity”)

viluci (“quick”) + -ità → vilucità (“velocity”)


demi-

From Middle English demi (“half, half-sized, partial”), from Anglo-Norman demi (“half”), from Vulgar Latin *dimedius, from Latin dīmidius, from dis- (“apart; in two”) + medius (“middle”).


hemi-

From Ancient Greek prefix ἡμι- (hēmi-, “half”), from ἥμισυς (hḗmisus, “half”). Doublet of semi-.


hemi-

hemi- + sfære → hemisfære


hemi-

hemi- + celuloza → hemiceluloza


hemi-

From Ancient Greek ἡμι- (hēmi-, “half”).


hemi-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἡμι- (hēmi-, “half”).


semi-

semi- + finále → semifinále


semi-

From Latin sēmi-, from Proto-Indo-European *sēmi (“half”).


semi-

→ English: semi-, semi

→ French: semi-

→ Italian: semi-

→ Portuguese: semi-

→ Spanish: semi-

From Proto-Indo-European *sēmi-. Cognate with Sanskrit सामि (sāmí), Ancient Greek ἡμι- (hēmi-), Old High German sami-.


hexa-

From Latin hexa-, from Ancient Greek ἑξα- (hexa-), from ἕξ (héx, “six”).


hexa-

From Ancient Greek ἑξα- (hexa-), from ἕξ (héx, “six”).

hexa- (forming compound words with the sense of "six")


mono-

From Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “alone, only, sole, single”).


mono-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “alone, only”).


mono-

From Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “alone, singular”).


mono-

Derived from Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos).

der+

mono- + -gram → monogram


mono-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “alone, only, sole, single”).


uni-

From Latin uni-, combining form of unus (“one”).


uni-

Learned borrowing from Latin ūni- (“uni-”), itself from Latin ūnus (“one”).


duo-

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Latin duo (“two”).


tetra-

From Ancient Greek τετρα- (tetra-), combining form of Ancient Greek τέτταρες (téttares), from τέσσαρες (téssares, “four”).

Which is how Kit first heard about the T.W.I.T. back in London, and of the ghostly neo-Pythagorean cult of tetralatry or worship of the number four, currently the rage in certain European circles

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage 2007, p. 665: [cf. -latry]

tetra-

forming compound words having the sense of ‘four’


tetra-

From Ancient Greek τέτταρες (téttares), τέσσαρες (téssares, “four”).


tetra-

tetra- + -logia → tetralogia


poly-

From Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “many, much”), from Proto-Indo-European *polh₁ús (“much, many”).

der

polydactyl, polyglot, polyvalent


poly-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “many, much”).


poly-

From Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “many, much”), from Proto-Indo-European *polh₁ús (“much, many”). Related to full and fleire.


circum-

Combining form of circum (“round about”, “in a circle around”, adverb and preposition).


-ish

From Middle English -ish, -isch, from Old English -isċ (“-ish”, suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (“-ish”), from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.
Cognate with Dutch -s; German -isch (whence Dutch -isch); Norwegian, Danish, and Swedish -isk or -sk; Lithuanian -iškas; Russian -ский (-skij); and the Ancient Greek diminutive suffix -ίσκος (-ískos). Doublet of -esque and -ski.

Her face had a girlish charm.

[…] ; for she had recently developed a magpie[-]ish tendency to appropriate and conceal trifling matters; […]

1859, Harriet Parr (as Holme Lee), Against Wind and Tide, volume 1, p. 273

(of adjectives from common nouns) Typical of, similar to, being like.

ـِيّ

appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions

-ass

being like; restricted to casual registers

-like

being like; forms adjectives from nouns only


-ish

Vad händish? (Vad händer?)

haffish
haffa

kebabish
kebab

(slang) Used to form slang words (that are often identical in meaning to the unsuffixed word).


-itis

ca-noun

-itis f (noun-forming suffix, invariable)

From New Latin -ītis, from Ancient Greek -ῖτις (-îtis).


-itis

Borrowed from English -itis, French -itis, Italian -ite, Portuguese -ite/Spanish -itis, Russian -ит (-it), all ultimately from New Latin -itis, from Ancient Greek -ῖτις (-îtis).

appendice (“appendix”) + -itis → appendicitis (“appendicitis”)

esophago (“oesophagus”) + -itis → esophagitis (“oesophagitis”)

larynge (“larynx”) + -itis → laryngitis (“laryngitis”)

forms nouns from nouns, denoting an inflammitory disease; -itis


tele-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek τῆλε (têle).


tele-

Internationalism (see English tele-), ultimately from Ancient Greek τῆλε (têle).


tele-

Borrowed from English tele- or Dutch tele-.

telefon

telekomunikasi

televisyen


thermo-

From Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós, “warm, hot”).


thermo-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós). Many German terms prefixed with thermo- are borrowings from other European languages, especially French.


-ase

Derived from ending of diastase; a libfix


-ase

pt-noun

-ase f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ases)

(chemistry) -ase (forms the names of enzymes)


-gon

From Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía, “corner, angle”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu (“knee”).

bor

A pentagon has five sides.

a 17-gon

(geometry) Forms the names of plane figures containing a given number of angles, and thus bounded by that number of line segments (polygons). If the number is large enough, it can take the hyphenated suffix directly.


-gon

ca-noun

-gon m (noun-forming suffix, plural -gons)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía).


-hedron

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame--hedron.wav

From Ancient Greek ἕδρα (hédra, “face of a geometrical solid”).

der

(geometry) Forms the names of solid figures bounded by a certain number of planes (polyhedra).


-eth

From Middle English -eth, -th, -ith, from Old English -eþ, -aþ, -þ, from Proto-Germanic *-þi, *-di, from Proto-Indo-European *-ti.

Pride goeth before a fall... The good Lord giveth and the good Lord taketh away...

third-person singular
third-person singular#English

present indicative
present indicative#English

(archaic) Used to form the third-person singular present indicative of verbs.

Hark, the assistant manager doth emaileth ye... But thou saideth!... Rolling a natural 20, he killedeth the kobolds... Verily, I am shooketh...

(humorous) Used broadly with various verb forms for ironic pseudoarchaic or pseudoecclesiastical effect.


-eth

From Middle English -th, -eth, -the, -ethe, from Old English -þa, -þe, -oþa, from Proto-Germanic *-þô, *-tô, *-udô, *-dô, from Proto-Indo-European *-tós.

used to create ordinal numbers from cardinal numbers ending in -y, namely the multiples of ten (other than ten itself): 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90; e.g. twentieth, thirtieth.


andro-

Internationalism (see English andro-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀνδρός (andrós).


andro-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀνδρός (andrós).


andro-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀνδρός (andrós).


re-

From Middle English re-, from Old French re-, from Latin re-, red- (“back; anew; again; against”), of uncertain origin but conjectured by Watkins to be from Proto-Indo-European *wret-, a metathetic alteration of *wert- (“to turn”). Displaced native English ed-, eft-, a-, with-/wither-, gain-/again-.

re- + new → renew (“to make something new again”)

re- + commit → recommit (“to commit an act again”)

re- + heat → reheat (“to heat something that has cooled off”)


re-

Attaches to verbs, often adding a sense of repetition or reversion.


re-

Borrowed from Latin re-. The prefix re- is borrowed from Latin, while the variant ri- is inherited from Latin.


re-

From Old Galician-Portuguese re-, from Latin re-.

re- + fazer (“to do”) → refazer (“to redo”)

re- (forms verbs indicating that the action is being done again)


-hedral

used to form adjectives describing related nouns ending in -hedron or -hedra


-ology

From -o- (interconsonantal vowel) + -logy.

Qell, he knows all about mineralogy, and geology, and astrology, and every thing a'most, except what he ought to know, and that is dollar-ology.

1843, Thomas Chandler Haliburton, The Attache; or, Sam Slick in England:

...so long as a mere human word-ology is suffered to remain here, clogging all with its deadly impotence...

1857, Delia Bacon, The Philosophy of the Plays of Shakespeare Unfolded:

It seems he'd been making original researches in anthropology, or folk-lore-ology, or something like that.

1916, Jack London, The Little Lady of the Big House:

He gets an -ology and says he failed!

1998, British Telecom advert from 1988 with Maureen Lipman - Ology:

Yet it is interesting to research the tattoo-ology of Katona right after a yoga class.

2010 October 17, Hadley Freeman, “Tattoos: what makes one spiritual and another Katona-esque?”, in The Guardian:

(often humorous) added to an ordinary English word to create a name for a (possibly non-existent) field of study.


-phobia

From New Latin, from Latin, from Ancient Greek -φοβία (-phobía), from φόβος (phóbos, “fear”).

e.g. claustrophobia

Used to form nouns meaning fear of a specific thing.

e.g. homophobia, xenophobia, chemophobia

Used to form nouns meaning hate, dislike, or repression of a specific thing.


-phobe

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame--phobe.wav

From French -phobe, from Latin -phobus, from Attic Greek -φόβος (-phóbos), combining form of φόβος (phóbos), ablaut variant of φέβεσθαι (phébesthai), middle infinitive of φέβομαι (phébomai), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰegʷ. Cognates include Russian бегать (begatʹ, “run, flee”), Slovak bežať (“run”), Polish biec (“run”), Lithuanian bėgti (“run”), Albanian dëboj (“throw out, drive away, expel, banish”). Compare German -phob.

-fob

used to form nouns denoting a person who hates or despises a specific thing

claustrophobe

Risk is everywhere.[…]For each one there is a frighteningly precise measurement of just how likely it is to jump from the shadows and get you. “The Norm Chronicles”[…]aims to help data-phobes find their way through this blizzard of risks.

2013 June 22, “Snakes and ladders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 76:

Used to form nouns denoting a person having a fear of a specific thing.

-fob

used to form nouns denoting a person having a fear of a specific thing

homophobe

Used to form nouns denoting a person who hates or dislikes a type of person, thing, etc.


-phobic

From -phobia (from Late Latin -phobia, from Koine Greek -φοβία (-phobía), from φόβος (phóbos, “fear”)) + -ic.

claustrophobic

Used to form adjectives indicating a fear of a specific thing.

bibliophobic

homophobic

Used to form adjectives indicating a dislike or aversion.

Used as a synonym of -phobe to form nouns.


bio-

From Ancient Greek βίο- (bío-), combining form and stem of βίος (bíos, “life”).


bio-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βίος (bíos).


bio-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βίος (bíos, “life”).


bio-

bio- (concerning or associated with life)


bio-

bio- + genezo (“genesis”) → biogenezo (“biogenesis”)

bio- + kemio (“chemistry”) → biokemio (“biochemistry”)

bio- + diverseco (“diversity”) → biodiverseco (“biodiversity”)

bio- + industrio (“industry”) → bioindustrio (“bioindustry”)

bio- + maso (“mass”) → biomaso (“biomass”)

bio- + sintezo (“synthesis”) → biosintezo (“biosynthesis”)

bio- + tekniko (“technique”) → biotekniko (“biotechnique”)


bio-

Internationalism (see English bio-), ultimately from Ancient Greek βίο- (bío-).


bio-

Borrowed from English bio-, French bio-, German bio-, Italian bio-, Spanish bio-, Portuguese bio-, French bio-, Portuguese bio-, English bio-, Russian био- (bio-), all ultimately from Ancient Greek βίος (bíos).


bio-

From Ancient Greek βίος (bíos, “life”), either from *gʷih₃wós (“alive, living”), with the suffix *-wós, or from βίοτος (bíotos, “life”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wo-teh₂ or *gʷih₃-etos (“life”), both from *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”).


bio-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek βίο- (bío-).

lbor

bio- + geografia → biogeografia


bio-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek βίος (bíos). Doublet of zoo-.


bio-

bio- + amrywiaeth (“variety, diversity”) → bioamrywiaeth (“biodiversity”)

bio- + cemeg (“chemistry”) → biocemeg (“biochemistry”)

bio- + diraddio (“to degrade”) → bioddiraddio (“to biodegrade”)

bio- + -leg (“-logy”) → bioleg (“biology”)


penta-

PIE word
 *pénkʷe
Borrowed from Ancient Greek πέντε (pénte, “five”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe. Compare Persian پنج, Northern Kurdish pênc, Ossetian фондз (fonʒ), Pashto پنځه (pindzə), Sanskrit पञ्चन् (páñcan). Doublet of five, which was inherited from Proto-Germanic.


penta-

From Ancient Greek πέντε (pénte, “five”).


penta-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πέντε (pénte, “five”).


penta-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πεντα- (penta-), combining form of πέντε (pénte, “five”).


penta-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πεντα- (penta-), combining form of πέντε (pénte, “five”). Doublet of cinco.


hepta-

From Ancient Greek ἑπτά (heptá, “seven”).


hepta-

From Ancient Greek ἑπτά (heptá, “seven”). Doublet of sapta-


hepta-

hepta- + metr → heptametr


octa-

From Ancient Greek ὀκτα- (okta-, “eight”); compare ὀκτώ (oktṓ).


hex-

Alternative form of hexa- used before a vowel.


quadri-

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwr̥-, with -twr- developing into -dr-; compare the full form quattuor, ultimately from *kʷetwóres. Analogous to Ancient Greek τετρα- (tetra-) vs. τέτταρες (téttares, “four”).


quin-

From one combining form of Latin quinque (“five”). See, e.g., quindecim.


octo-

octo- (canonical)
before a vowel oct- (canonical)

From Ancient Greek ὀκτώ (oktṓ, “eight”) and Latin octō (“eight”).


octo-

From Latin octō (“eight”) or Ancient Greek ὀκτώ (oktṓ, “eight”).


-logist

From -logy (“study of”) + -ist (“(agent)”).

A person who studies or is an expert in the related -logy.


contra-

From Latin contra (“against”). Doublet of counter-.


counter-

From Middle English counter-, cownter-, countre-, from Anglo-Norman countre-, from Old French contre, ultimately from Latin contra (“against”).


col-

Alternative form of co- / con- (before l).


com-

From Latin com (“with”), an archaic form of cum (“with”).

The form of con- used before b, m, and p


cor-

From the Latin cor-, the prerhotic form of con-.


cyber-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cyber-.wav

(Internet) Relating to the Internet or cyberspace, or to computers more generally.


cyber-

Internationalism; compare English cyber-.

cyber- + atak → cyberatak


extra-

From Latin extra (“outside, except, beyond”, adverb and preposition), from exter (“being on the outside”).

uder

extramarital: outside of marriage


extra-

Borrowed from Latin extra. Doublet of stra-, which was inherited.


extra-

Borrowed from Latin extra (“outside, except, beyond”, adverb and preposition), from exter (“being on the outside”).


extra-

Learned borrowing from Latin extrā-, from extrā (“outside, beyond”).


extra-

Borrowed from Latin extrā-, from extrā (“outside, beyond”).


hetero-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hetero-.wav

From Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros, “other, another, different”).

bor

heterofunctionalization is any reaction in which two different functional groups are added at the same time, heterofibril is a fibril composed of two or more types of collagen, heterodimeric is produced from two similar but different monomers


hetero-

Internationalism (see English hetero-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros).


hetero-

Derived from Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros).

der+

hetero- + -gamia → heterogamia


homo-

From Ancient Greek ὁμός (homós, “same”).


homo-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ὁμός (homós, “same”); found only in words borrowed from other languages (compare English, German, Spanish, French, Portuguese homo-, Italian omo-).


homo-

Derived from Ancient Greek ὁμός (homós). Doublet of samo-.

homo- + chroniczny → homochroniczny


homo-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ὁμός (homós, “same”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós. Doublet of hem.


neo-

From Ancient Greek prefix νεο- (neo-), from νέος (néos, “new, young”).

(organic chemistry) Having a structure, similar to that of neopentane, in which each hydrogen atom of a methyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group

(organic chemistry) Being a newly-discovered or -synthesized variant of an existing compound


neo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek νεο- (neo-, prefix), from νέος (néos, “new, young”).


neo-

Internationalism (see English neo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek νέος (néos).


neo-

From Ancient Greek νέος (néos, “new, young”).


neo-

From Ancient Greek νεο- (neo-), from νέος (néos, “new, young”).

(organic chemistry) Having a structure, similar to that of neopentane, in which each hydrogen atom of a methyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group.

(organic chemistry) Being a newly-discovered or -synthesized variant of an existing compound.


neo-

Nova Zelândia (“New Zealand”) → neozelandês (“New Zealander”)

forms demonyms corresponding to placenames that contain novo or nova (“new”)


neo-

From Old Irish nem- (compare Irish neamh-, Manx neu-).


necro-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-necro-.wav

From Ancient Greek νεκρός (nekrós, “dead body”), from the Proto-Indo-European suffixed full-grade *nekro- of *neḱ- (“perish, disappear”); see also Middle Welsh angheu (“death”), Breton ankou, Old Irish éc, Latin noxius (“harmful”), nocēo (“to hurt, harm”), nex (“murder, violent death”) (as opposed to mors), Old Persian 𐎻𐎴𐎰𐎹𐎫𐎹 (vi-n-θ-y-t-y /vi-nathayatiy/, “he injures”), Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (nasiieⁱti, “disappears”), 𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬎- (nasu-, “corpse”), Sanskrit नश्यति (naśyati, “disappear, perish”).


necro-

From Ancient Greek νεκρός (nekrós, “dead”).


hypno-

From Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”).

IN HYPNO-VISION

1999 April, Matt Groening, “Episode Two: The Series Has Landed”, in Futurama, season 1, episode 2, opening title:

Related to hypnosis, often in the form of hypnotherapy.


geo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê, “earth”).


geo-

Derived from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê, “earth”).


geo-

Internationalism (see English geo-), ultimately from Ancient Greek γεω- (geō-).


geo-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek γεω- (geō-), combining form of γῆ (gê, “earth”).

geo- + Politik (“politics”) → Geopolitik (“geopolitics”)

geo- + Wissenschaften (“sciences”) → Geowissenschaften (“geoscience”)

geo- (global, pertaining to the Earth, pertaining to geography)


geo-

From Dutch geo-, from Ancient Greek γεω- (geō-), combining form of γῆ (gê, “earth”).


geo-

From Ancient Greek γεω- (geō-), combining form of γῆ (gê, “earth”).


geo-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek γεω- (geō-).

lbor

geo- + -logia → geologia


biblio-

From Ancient Greek βιβλίον (biblíon, “paper, document, tablet, small book”) or its descendant Latin Biblia (“the Bible”).


biblio-

From Ancient Greek βιβλίον (biblíon, “paper, document, tablet, small book”).