cross-

From Middle English cros-, crosse- (“relating to a cross, forming a cross, in the shape of a cross or x”), from the noun (see cross) and also from across.

e.g. crossbody, crossbuck, cross-stitch

Shaped like a cross or X; crossing lines.

e.g. crosstown, cross-cousin, cross-ratio

Moving from one side to the other; across.

e.g. crossbreak, crosspost, crosscurrent

The room was a cross-mixture of voices.
"Come in Kelly 4.[…]"
"Come in Stanhope.[…]"
"Evans 9. Confirm.[…]"

1967 May, William F. Nolan, George Clayton Johnson, Logan's Run, Bantam, published 1976, →ISBN, page 14:

More than one, often in indicating applicability to several domains that are usually separate.

Involving two or more at the same time; coincident.

e.g. cross-tune, cross-birth, cross-live


-икъ

-ikŭ (romanization)
-икъ (nominative singular)
-ика (dual nominative)
-ици (nominative plural)
-ика (genitive singular)
-икоу (dual genitive)
-икъ (genitive plural)
-икоу (dative singular)
-икома (dative dual)
-икомъ (dative plural)
-икъ (accusative singular)
-ика (accusative dual)
-икꙑ (accusative plural)
-икомъ (instrumental singular)
-икома (dual instrumental)
-икꙑ (instrumental plural)
-ицѣ (locative singular)
-икоу (dual locative)
-ицѣхъ (locative plural)
-иче (singular vocative)
-ика (dual vocative)
-ици (plural vocative)

грѣшьнъ (grěšĭnŭ, “sinful”) + -икъ (-ikŭ) → грѣшьникъ (grěšĭnikŭ, “sinner”)

Isolated example is златикъ (zlatikŭ, “gold coin”), which has the suffix appended directly to the root злато (zlato, “gold”), and has diminutive (or singulative) meaning.

-er, -or; Deadjectival nominalizing suffix used chiefly to create a masculine agent noun from adjectives in -ин- and passive participles in -ен-.


-ик

-ик (canonical)
-и́к (canonical)
-ik (romanization)
-ík (romanization)
-ик (nominative singular)
-и́к (nominative singular)
-ики (nominative plural)
-ики́ (nominative plural)
-ика (genitive singular)
-ика́ (genitive singular)
-иков (genitive plural)
-ико́в (genitive plural)
-ику (dative singular)
-ику́ (dative singular)
-икам (dative plural)
-ика́м (dative plural)
-ика (accusative animate singular)
-ика́ (accusative animate singular)
-иков (accusative animate plural)
-ико́в (accusative animate plural)
-ик (accusative inanimate singular)
-и́к (accusative inanimate singular)
-ики (accusative inanimate plural)
-ики́ (accusative inanimate plural)
-иком (instrumental singular)
-ико́м (instrumental singular)
-иками (instrumental plural)
-ика́ми (instrumental plural)
-ике (prepositional singular)
-ике́ (prepositional singular)
-иках (plural prepositional)
-ика́х (plural prepositional)

English: -nik

нож (nož, “knife”) + -ик (-ik) → но́жик (nóžik, “little knife”)

авто́бус (avtóbus, “bus”) + -ик (-ik) → авто́бусик (avtóbusik, “little bus”)

во́лос (vólos, “hair”) + -ик (-ik) → воло́сик (volósik, “little hair”)

вал (val, “roller”) + -ик (-ik) → ва́лик (válik, “roller, cylinder, platen”)

жуть (žutʹ, “horror”) + -ик (-ik) → жу́тик (žútik, “horror film (colloquial)”)

кузне́ц (kuznéc, “smith, farrier”) + -ик (-ik) → кузне́чик (kuznéčik, “grasshopper”) (meaning development unclear)

за́яц (zájac, “hare”) (stem зайц- (zajc-)) + -ик (-ik) → за́йчик (zájčik, “little hare, bunny; darling, sweetheart; reflection of a light beam”)

Suffix added to normally masculine nouns to form diminutives, sometimes with a further change in meaning.

Алекса́ндр (Aleksándr, “Alexander”) + -ик (-ik) → А́лик (Álik, “Alex”)

Алексе́й (Alekséj, “Alexei”) + -ик (-ik) → А́лик (Álik, “Alex”)

Влади́мир (Vladímir, “Vladimir”) + -ик (-ik) → Вла́дик (Vládik, “Vlad”)

Арту́р (Artúr, “Arthur”) + -и́к (-ík) → Арти́к (Artík, “Art”)

Станисла́в (Stanisláv, “Stanislav”) + -ик (-ik) → Ста́сик (Stásik, “Stan”)

Suffix added to normally masculine names to form diminutives, often shortening the name in the process.

опто́вый (optóvyj, “wholesale”) + -и́к (-ík) → оптови́к (optovík, “wholesaler”)

нало́говый (nalógovyj, “(relational) tax”) + -и́к (-ík) → налогови́к (nalogovík, “taxman (colloquial)”)

ры́жий (rýžij, “red, redheaded”) + -ик (-ik) → ры́жик (rýžik, “redheaded person, ginger (colloquial); camelina; saffron milk cap”)

Suffix appended to words, especially adjectives, to create masculine agent nouns, usually denoting a profession, performer, place, object, tool or a feature: -er, -or, -ant, -ic, -ist


-oyer

From Old French -oiier, inherited from Late Latin -izāre. Doublet of -iser, which was borrowed.

a suffix used to form some verbs, often with factitive effect


-ero

gau (“night”) + -ero → gauero (“every night”)

Used to form adverbs from nouns of time; every, each


-ero

Possibly from French -aire; however, compare Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part, component”).

der

greno (“grain”) + -ero → grenero (“seed of grain”)

sablo (“sand”) + -ero → sablero (“grain of sand”)


-ero

Borrowed from English -er, French -ier, Portuguese -eiro/Spanish -ero, all ultimately from Latin -ārius or -ārium.

barba (“beard”) + -ero → barbero (“barber”)

banca (“bank”) + -ero → banchero (“banker”)

ambulantia (“ambulance”) + -era → ambulantiera (“ambulance driver”)

forms nouns from nouns, denoting a professional occupation; -er, -eer


-ero

es-noun

-ero m (noun-forming suffix, plural -eros, feminine -era, feminine plural -eras)

-eros (plural)
-era (feminine)
-eras (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -ārius via */arju/ > */ajru/. Compare Portuguese -eiro. Doublet of the borrowed suffix -ario.

vaca (“cow”) + -ero → vaquero (“cowboy”)

gaita (“bagpipes”) + -ero → gaitero (“bagpiper”)

forms occupations and other agent nouns from nouns


-ano

Likely from Latin -ānus. Compare Italian -ano, Spanish -ano, English -an, French -en, Portuguese -ão.

ex. Novjorko (“New York City”) + -ano → novjorkano (“New Yorker”)

(nominal) inhabitant of, member of, partisan of


-ano

es-adj

-ano (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ana, masculine plural -anos, feminine plural -anas)

-ana (feminine)
-anos (masculine plural)
-anas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -ānus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun.

California (“California”) + -ano → californiano (“Californian”)


-ano

tl-noun

-ano (noun-forming suffix, adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ana, Baybayin spelling ◌ᜈᜓ)

probinsiya (“province”) + -ano → probinsiyano (“provincial”)

Korea (“Korea”) + -ano → Koreano (“Korean”)

Amerika (“America”) + -ano → Amerikano (“American”)

Italya (“Italy”) + -ano → Italyano (“Italian”)

Mehiko (“Mexico”) + -ano → Mehikano (“Mexican”)

Cebu (“Cebu”) + -ano → Cebuano (“person from Cebu”)

Bohol (“Bohol”) + -ano → Boholano (“person from Bohol”)

Bikol (“Bicol”) + -ano → Bikolano (“person from Bikol region”)

Iloko (“Ilocos language”) + -ano → Ilokano (“person from Ilocos region”)

Demonym suffix, forms nouns and adjectives indicating or describing that one comes from, belongs to, is related to, or is like those from what the root specifies


-ano

Forms nouns from many postpositions and some (chiefly spatial) adverbs, typically with the sense of ‘one that (is (at)) …’, ‘one that has the quality of …’.


-ante

appended to the stem of a verb, it yields a noun which signifies a female subject who performs the action of that verb (see agent noun)


-ante

it-adj

-ante (adjective-forming suffix, plural -anti)

it-noun

-ante m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -anti)

-ante -ante (by-personal-gender canonical feminine masculine)
-anti (plural)

abitare (“to inhabit”) + -ante → abitante (“inhabitant”)

cantare (“to sing”) + -ante → cantante (“singer”)

added to verbs to form agentive adjectives and agent nouns


-ante

pt-adj

-ante m or f (adjective-forming suffix, plural -antes)

estimular (“to stimulate”) + -ante → estimulante (“stimulating”)

brilhar (“to shine”) + -ante → brilhante (“brilliant”)

-ing, -ant; forms adjectives from verbs ending in -ar


-ante

pt-noun

-ante m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -antes)

viajar (“to travel”) + -ante → viajante (“voyager, traveler”)

anunciar (“to announce”) + -ante → anunciante (“announcer”)

estimular (“to stimulate”) + -ante → estimulante (“stimulant”)

-er, -ant; forms agent nouns from verbs ending in -ar


-ante

es-adj

-ante m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -antes)

-antes (feminine masculine plural)
-antes (plural)

forms adjectives and nouns from verbs, particularly verbs in -ar


-ata

From the nominative neuter plural of Latin -ātus, -āta, with meaning: "those having, purveyed with (a certain feature)".

Tentaculata

having tentacles, tentacled, a taxonomic class made of animals having many tentacles

forms taxons from nouns with underlying meaning "having a certain feature"


-ata

head

-ata (front vowel harmony variant -ätä, stem -aa-, linguistic notation -AA- or -AtA)

-ätä (front-vowel)
-aa- (stem)
-aan (first-person indicative positive present singular)
en -aa (first-person indicative negative present singular)
olen -annut (first-person indicative perfect positive singular)
en ole -annut (first-person indicative negative perfect singular)
-aat (indicative positive present second-person singular)
et -aa (indicative negative present second-person singular)
olet -annut (indicative perfect positive second-person singular)
et ole -annut (indicative negative perfect second-person singular)
-aa (indicative positive present singular third-person)
ei -aa (indicative negative present singular third-person)
on -annut (indicative perfect positive singular third-person)
ei ole -annut (indicative negative perfect singular third-person)
-aamme (first-person indicative plural positive present)
emme -aa (first-person indicative negative plural present)
olemme -anneet (first-person indicative perfect plural positive)
emme ole -anneet (first-person indicative negative perfect plural)
-aatte (indicative plural positive present second-person)
ette -aa (indicative negative plural present second-person)
olette -anneet (indicative perfect plural positive second-person)
ette ole -anneet (indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
-aavat (indicative plural positive present third-person)
eivät -aa (indicative negative plural present third-person)
ovat -anneet (indicative perfect plural positive third-person)
eivät ole -anneet (indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
-ataan (indicative passive positive present)
ei -ata (indicative negative passive present)
on -attu (indicative passive perfect positive)
ei ole -attu (indicative negative passive perfect)
-asin (first-person indicative past positive singular)
en -annut (first-person indicative negative past singular)
olin -annut (first-person indicative pluperfect positive singular)
en ollut -annut (first-person indicative negative pluperfect singular)
-asit (indicative past positive second-person singular)
et -annut (indicative negative past second-person singular)
olit -annut (indicative pluperfect positive second-person singular)
et ollut -annut (indicative negative pluperfect second-person singular)
-asi (indicative past positive singular third-person)
ei -annut (indicative negative past singular third-person)
oli -annut (indicative pluperfect positive singular third-person)
ei ollut -annut (indicative negative pluperfect singular third-person)
-asimme (first-person indicative past plural positive)
emme -anneet (first-person indicative negative past plural)
olimme -anneet (first-person indicative pluperfect plural positive)
emme olleet -anneet (first-person indicative negative pluperfect plural)
-asitte (indicative past plural positive second-person)
ette -anneet (indicative negative past plural second-person)
olitte -anneet (indicative pluperfect plural positive second-person)
ette olleet -anneet (indicative negative pluperfect plural second-person)
-asivat (indicative past plural positive third-person)
eivät -anneet (indicative negative past plural third-person)
olivat -anneet (indicative pluperfect plural positive third-person)
eivät olleet -anneet (indicative negative pluperfect plural third-person)
-attiin (indicative passive past positive)
ei -attu (indicative negative passive past)
oli -attu (indicative passive pluperfect positive)
ei ollut -attu (indicative negative passive pluperfect)
-aisin (conditional first-person positive present singular)
en -aisi (conditional first-person negative present singular)
olisin -annut (conditional first-person perfect positive singular)
en olisi -annut (conditional first-person negative perfect singular)
-aisit (conditional positive present second-person singular)
et -aisi (conditional negative present second-person singular)
olisit -annut (conditional perfect positive second-person singular)
et olisi -annut (conditional negative perfect second-person singular)
-aisi (conditional positive present singular third-person)
ei -aisi (conditional negative present singular third-person)
olisi -annut (conditional perfect positive singular third-person)
ei olisi -annut (conditional negative perfect singular third-person)
-aisimme (conditional first-person plural positive present)
emme -aisi (conditional first-person negative plural present)
olisimme -anneet (conditional first-person perfect plural positive)
emme olisi -anneet (conditional first-person negative perfect plural)
-aisitte (conditional plural positive present second-person)
ette -aisi (conditional negative plural present second-person)
olisitte -anneet (conditional perfect plural positive second-person)
ette olisi -anneet (conditional negative perfect plural second-person)
-aisivat (conditional plural positive present third-person)
eivät -aisi (conditional negative plural present third-person)
olisivat -anneet (conditional perfect plural positive third-person)
eivät olisi -anneet (conditional negative perfect plural third-person)
-attaisiin (conditional passive positive present)
ei -attaisi (conditional negative passive present)
olisi -attu (conditional passive perfect positive)
ei olisi -attu (conditional negative passive perfect)
-aa (imperative positive present second-person singular)
älä -aa (imperative negative present second-person singular)
-atkoon (imperative positive present singular third-person)
älköön -atko (imperative negative present singular third-person)
olkoon -annut (imperative perfect positive singular third-person)
älköön olko -annut (imperative negative perfect singular third-person)
-atkaamme (first-person imperative plural positive present)
älkäämme -atko (first-person imperative negative plural present)
-atkaa (imperative plural positive present second-person)
älkää -atko (imperative negative plural present second-person)
-atkoot (imperative plural positive present third-person)
älkööt -atko (imperative negative plural present third-person)
olkoot -anneet (imperative perfect plural positive third-person)
älkööt olko -anneet (imperative negative perfect plural third-person)
-attakoon (imperative passive positive present)
älköön -attako (imperative negative passive present)
olkoon -attu (imperative passive perfect positive)
älköön olko -attu (imperative negative passive perfect)
-annen (first-person positive potential present singular)
en -anne (first-person negative potential present singular)
lienen -annut (first-person perfect positive potential singular)
en liene -annut (first-person negative perfect potential singular)
-annet (positive potential present second-person singular)
et -anne (negative potential present second-person singular)
lienet -annut (perfect positive potential second-person singular)
et liene -annut (negative perfect potential second-person singular)
-annee (positive potential present singular third-person)
ei -anne (negative potential present singular third-person)
lienee -annut (perfect positive potential singular third-person)
ei liene -annut (negative perfect potential singular third-person)
-annemme (first-person plural positive potential present)
emme -anne (first-person negative plural potential present)
lienemme -anneet (first-person perfect plural positive potential)
emme liene -anneet (first-person negative perfect plural potential)
-annette (plural positive potential present second-person)
ette -anne (negative plural potential present second-person)
lienette -anneet (perfect plural positive potential second-person)
ette liene -anneet (negative perfect plural potential second-person)
-annevat (plural positive potential present third-person)
eivät -anne (negative plural potential present third-person)
lienevät -anneet (perfect plural positive potential third-person)
eivät liene -anneet (negative perfect plural potential third-person)
-attaneen (passive positive potential present)
ei -attane (negative passive potential present)
lienee -attu (passive perfect positive potential)
ei liene -attu (negative passive perfect potential)
-ata (infinitive infinitive-i)
-aava (active participle present)
-attava (participle passive present)
-atakseni (first-person possessive singular)
-ataksemme (first-person plural possessive)
-ataksesi (possessive second-person singular)
-ataksenne (plural possessive second-person)
-atakseen (possessive third-person)
-ataksensa (possessive third-person)
-annut (infinitive-i-long past)
-attu (infinitive-i-long past)
-atessa (inessive second-person)
-attaessa (inessive second-person)
-aama (agent)
-atessani (first-person possessive singular)
-atessamme (first-person plural possessive)
-atessasi (possessive second-person singular)
-atessanne (plural possessive second-person)
-atessaan (possessive third-person)
-atessansa (possessive third-person)
-aamaton (inessive negative second-person)
-aten (instructive second-person)
-aamassa (inessive third-person)
-aamasta (elative third-person)
-aamaan (illative third-person)
-aamalla (adessive third-person)
-aamatta (abessive third-person)
-aaman (instructive third-person)
-attaman (instructive third-person)
-aaminen (fourth-person noun-from-verb)
-aamaisillani (first-person possessive singular)
-aamaisillamme (first-person plural possessive)
-aamaisillasi (possessive second-person singular)
-aamaisillanne (plural possessive second-person)
-aamaisillaan (possessive third-person)
-aamaisillansa (possessive third-person)

Re-extracted from -ta applied to stems ending in -a-. Use probably also influenced by Swedish -a, particularly when used for loanwords.


-ata

hall (“to hear”) + -ata → hallata (“his/her hearing [of/about something]”)

(noun-forming suffix) Forms nouns from certain verbs (cf. -ás), incorporating the third-person singular possessive suffix (-a), which can be replaced by other personal possessive suffixes.


-ata

Borrowed from Italian -ata, Portuguese -ada/Spanish -ada, all ultimately from Latin -āta(m).

coclear (“spoon”) + -ata → coclearata (“spoonful”)

bucca (“mouth”) + -ata → buccata (“mouthful”)

carretta (“cart”) + -ata → carrettata (“cartload”)

forms nouns from nouns, denoting contents or a quantity; -ful, load


-ata

it-noun

-ata f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ate)

→ Ligurian: -âta

Nominalization of the past participle form of Etymology 1.

telefonare (“to phone”) + -ata → telefonata (“phone call”)

nevicare (“to snow”) + -ata → nevicata (“snowfall, snow”)

used to form verbal nouns, derived from regular -are verbs, expressing an instance of the action expressed by the verb; -th, -ness, -hood

giorno (“daytime”) + -ata → giornata (“a day”)

mattina (“morning-time”) + -ata → mattinata (“a morning”)

used to form words, derived from nouns, meaning a period of time

cucciolo (“cub, puppy”) + -ata → cucciolata (“litter (of newborn animals)”)

fiaccola (“torch”) + -ata → fiaccolata (“torchlight procession”)


-ati

A suffix appended to words to form a verb.


-ati

Forms imperfective verbs from perfective verbs.


-ati

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ати (-ati)

Old Ruthenian: -ати (-ati), -ать (-atʹ)

Belarusian: -аць (-acʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: -ати (-aty)

Ukrainian: -ати (-aty)

Russian: -ать (-atʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -ати (-ati)

Bulgarian: -ам (-am)

Macedonian: -а (-a)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ати

Latin script: -ati

Slovene: -ati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -ati

Czech: -at

Old Polish: -ać

Polish: -ać

Silesian: -ać

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: -ac

Slovincian: -ac

Old Slovak: -ať

Pannonian Rusyn: -ац (-ac)

Slovak: -ať

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *-(é)h₂ti. The present tense inflection is thematic, effectively continuing Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti.
Cognates include Latin -āre (the whole first conjugation in the present in which -āre is the infinite) together with its Proto-Italic ancestor *-āō, Ancient Greek -άω (-áō, contracted verb), Proto-Celtic *-āti, -अयति (-ayati) (for the causative in Sanskrit) and Proto-Germanic *-ōną (referring again to the whole conjugation in which the infinitive is *-ōną).

cog

dělati ← *dělo


-ato

Borrowed from English -ate, French -ate, Italian -ato, Portuguese -ato/Portuguese -ado/Spanish -ato/Spanish -ado, all from Latin -ātus.

duce (“duke”) + -ato → ducato (“duchy, dukedom”)

episcoppo (“bishop”) + -ato → episcopato (“bishopric, episcopate”)

capitano (“capitain”) + -ato → capitanato (“capitaincy”)

discipulo (“disciple”) + -ato → discipulato (“discipleship”)

forms nouns from nouns, denoting a status, jurisdiction or period of office; -ate, -dom, -cy, -ship


-ato

Forms nouns from adverbs, adverbial verb forms, and postpositions, typically with the sense of ‘one that (is) …’, ‘one that has the quality of …’.


-ente

(distributive-temporal suffix) Added to a temporal noun to form an adverb.


-ente

pt-adj

-ente m or f (adjective-forming suffix, plural -entes)

Borrowed from Latin -entem. As a productive suffix, borrowed from Latin, although inherited in a few words.

temer (“to fear”) + -ente → temente (“fearful”)

resplandecer (“to shine”) + -ente → resplandecente (“shining, resplendent”)

-ing, -ent; forms adjectives from verbs ending in -er and -ir


-ente

pt-noun

-ente m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -entes)

verter (“to gush, to spring (water)”) + -ente → vertente (“spring”)

encher (“to fill”) + -ente → enchente (“flood”)

-er, -ent; forms agent nouns from verbs ending in -er and -ir


-erei

head

-erei f (genitive -erei, plural (rare) -ereien)

From Middle High German -erīe, from Old French -erie. The suffix first became productive in German to designate workshops pertaining to occupation names ending in -er, such as Bäckerei (“bakery”) from Bäcker (“baker”). These cases are more properly analyzed as derivations in -ei from the occupation name. Later on, -erei began to be freely attached to verb stems, autonomously from agent nouns. Compare e.g. Bäckerei above with Backerei (“baking”) derived directly from backen (“to bake”). Similar developments took place in Dutch -erij and, to a lesser degree, English -ery.

warten (“to wait”) + -erei → Warterei (“[lengthy] waiting”)

singen (“to sing”) + -erei → Singerei (“[unpleasant] singing”)

Used to form verbal nouns, which often have an informal, frequentative and/or negative overtone.


-ete

kell (“to be necessary”) + -ete → kellete (“its necessary amount”)

(noun-forming suffix) Forms nouns from certain verbs (cf. -és), incorporating the third-person singular possessive suffix (-e), which can be replaced by other personal possessive suffixes.


-ete

From French -ette (feminine of -et (diminutive suffix)), from Latin -itta. In some words, from these related sources:
* English -ette (from the same French etymon)
* the French masculine -et
* Italian -etto (from the same Latin etymon)
Doublet of -ita and -eta.

Valdo + -ete → Valdete

forms the female equivalents of some words, most commonly given names


-ete

es-noun

-ete m (noun-forming suffix, plural -etes)

Borrowed from French -et. Doublet of -ito.

palacio (“palace”) + -ete → palacete (“small palace”)

muro (“wall”) + -ete → murete (“low wall”)

ojo (“eye”) + -ete → ojete (“eyelet, grommet; eye hole; anus”)

jugar (“to play”) + -ete → juguete (“toy”)

puño (“fist”) + -ete → puñete (“punch with the fist”)

forms diminutives from nouns and adjectives, or gives a particularizing sense


-è

ca-adj

-è (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ena, masculine plural -ens, feminine plural -enes)

-ena (feminine)
-ens (masculine plural)
-enes (feminine plural)


-ii

nominalizer, creating agentive nouns from verbs and adjectives: "that which [verbs]", or "that which [is of adjective quality]"; compare English -er


-isco

es-noun

-isco m (noun-forming suffix, plural -iscos)

Alternative form of -sco; forms collective nouns


-isti

-isti (nominative singular)
-istit (nominative plural)
-isti (accusative nominative singular)
-istit (accusative nominative plural)
-istin (accusative genitive singular)
-istit (accusative genitive plural)
-istin (genitive singular)
-istien (genitive plural)
-istia (partitive singular)
-isteja (partitive plural)
-istissa (inessive singular)
-isteissa (inessive plural)
-istista (elative singular)
-isteista (elative plural)
-istiin (illative singular)
-isteihin (illative plural)
-istilla (adessive singular)
-isteilla (adessive plural)
-istilta (ablative singular)
-isteilta (ablative plural)
-istille (allative singular)
-isteille (allative plural)
-istina (essive singular)
-isteina (essive plural)
-istiksi (singular translative)
-isteiksi (plural translative)
-istitta (abessive singular)
-isteitta (abessive plural)
-istein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-istini (nominative singular)
-istini (nominative plural)
-istini (accusative nominative singular)
-istini (accusative nominative plural)
-istini (accusative genitive singular)
-istini (accusative genitive plural)
-istini (genitive singular)
-istieni (genitive plural)
-istiani (partitive singular)
-istejani (partitive plural)
-istissani (inessive singular)
-isteissani (inessive plural)
-ististani (elative singular)
-isteistani (elative plural)
-istiini (illative singular)
-isteihini (illative plural)
-istillani (adessive singular)
-isteillani (adessive plural)
-istiltani (ablative singular)
-isteiltani (ablative plural)
-istilleni (allative singular)
-isteilleni (allative plural)
-istinani (essive singular)
-isteinani (essive plural)
-istikseni (singular translative)
-isteikseni (plural translative)
-istittani (abessive singular)
-isteittani (abessive plural)
-isteineni (comitative plural)
-istisi (nominative singular)
-istisi (nominative plural)
-istisi (accusative nominative singular)
-istisi (accusative nominative plural)
-istisi (accusative genitive singular)
-istisi (accusative genitive plural)
-istisi (genitive singular)
-istiesi (genitive plural)
-istiasi (partitive singular)
-istejasi (partitive plural)
-istissasi (inessive singular)
-isteissasi (inessive plural)
-ististasi (elative singular)
-isteistasi (elative plural)
-istiisi (illative singular)
-isteihisi (illative plural)
-istillasi (adessive singular)
-isteillasi (adessive plural)
-istiltasi (ablative singular)
-isteiltasi (ablative plural)
-istillesi (allative singular)
-isteillesi (allative plural)
-istinasi (essive singular)
-isteinasi (essive plural)
-istiksesi (singular translative)
-isteiksesi (plural translative)
-istittasi (abessive singular)
-isteittasi (abessive plural)
-isteinesi (comitative plural)
-istimme (nominative singular)
-istimme (nominative plural)
-istimme (accusative nominative singular)
-istimme (accusative nominative plural)
-istimme (accusative genitive singular)
-istimme (accusative genitive plural)
-istimme (genitive singular)
-istiemme (genitive plural)
-istiamme (partitive singular)
-istejamme (partitive plural)
-istissamme (inessive singular)
-isteissamme (inessive plural)
-ististamme (elative singular)
-isteistamme (elative plural)
-istiimme (illative singular)
-isteihimme (illative plural)
-istillamme (adessive singular)
-isteillamme (adessive plural)
-istiltamme (ablative singular)
-isteiltamme (ablative plural)
-istillemme (allative singular)
-isteillemme (allative plural)
-istinamme (essive singular)
-isteinamme (essive plural)
-istiksemme (singular translative)
-isteiksemme (plural translative)
-istittamme (abessive singular)
-isteittamme (abessive plural)
-isteinemme (comitative plural)
-istinne (nominative singular)
-istinne (nominative plural)
-istinne (accusative nominative singular)
-istinne (accusative nominative plural)
-istinne (accusative genitive singular)
-istinne (accusative genitive plural)
-istinne (genitive singular)
-istienne (genitive plural)
-istianne (partitive singular)
-istejanne (partitive plural)
-istissanne (inessive singular)
-isteissanne (inessive plural)
-ististanne (elative singular)
-isteistanne (elative plural)
-istiinne (illative singular)
-isteihinne (illative plural)
-istillanne (adessive singular)
-isteillanne (adessive plural)
-istiltanne (ablative singular)
-isteiltanne (ablative plural)
-istillenne (allative singular)
-isteillenne (allative plural)
-istinanne (essive singular)
-isteinanne (essive plural)
-istiksenne (singular translative)
-isteiksenne (plural translative)
-istittanne (abessive singular)
-isteittanne (abessive plural)
-isteinenne (comitative plural)
-istinsa (nominative singular)
-istinsa (nominative plural)
-istinsa (accusative nominative singular)
-istinsa (accusative nominative plural)
-istinsa (accusative genitive singular)
-istinsa (accusative genitive plural)
-istinsa (genitive singular)
-istiensa (genitive plural)
-istiaan (partitive singular)
-istiansa (partitive singular)
-istejaan (partitive plural)
-istejansa (partitive plural)
-istissaan (inessive singular)
-istissansa (inessive singular)
-isteissaan (inessive plural)
-isteissansa (inessive plural)
-ististaan (elative singular)
-ististansa (elative singular)
-isteistaan (elative plural)
-isteistansa (elative plural)
-istiinsa (illative singular)
-isteihinsa (illative plural)
-istillaan (adessive singular)
-istillansa (adessive singular)
-isteillaan (adessive plural)
-isteillansa (adessive plural)
-istiltaan (ablative singular)
-istiltansa (ablative singular)
-isteiltaan (ablative plural)
-isteiltansa (ablative plural)
-istilleen (allative singular)
-istillensa (allative singular)
-isteilleen (allative plural)
-isteillensa (allative plural)
-istinaan (essive singular)
-istinansa (essive singular)
-isteinaan (essive plural)
-isteinansa (essive plural)
-istikseen (singular translative)
-istiksensa (singular translative)
-isteikseen (plural translative)
-isteiksensa (plural translative)
-istittaan (abessive singular)
-istittansa (abessive singular)
-isteittaan (abessive plural)
-isteittansa (abessive plural)
-isteineen (comitative plural)
-isteinensa (comitative plural)
-isti (nominative singular)
-istit (nominative plural)
-isti (accusative nominative singular)
-istit (accusative nominative plural)
-istin (accusative genitive singular)
-istit (accusative genitive plural)
-istin (genitive singular)
-istien (genitive plural)
-istiä (partitive singular)
-istejä (partitive plural)
-istissä (inessive singular)
-isteissä (inessive plural)
-ististä (elative singular)
-isteistä (elative plural)
-istiin (illative singular)
-isteihin (illative plural)
-istillä (adessive singular)
-isteillä (adessive plural)
-istiltä (ablative singular)
-isteiltä (ablative plural)
-istille (allative singular)
-isteille (allative plural)
-istinä (essive singular)
-isteinä (essive plural)
-istiksi (singular translative)
-isteiksi (plural translative)
-istittä (abessive singular)
-isteittä (abessive plural)
-istein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-istini (nominative singular)
-istini (nominative plural)
-istini (accusative nominative singular)
-istini (accusative nominative plural)
-istini (accusative genitive singular)
-istini (accusative genitive plural)
-istini (genitive singular)
-istieni (genitive plural)
-istiäni (partitive singular)
-istejäni (partitive plural)
-istissäni (inessive singular)
-isteissäni (inessive plural)
-ististäni (elative singular)
-isteistäni (elative plural)
-istiini (illative singular)
-isteihini (illative plural)
-istilläni (adessive singular)
-isteilläni (adessive plural)
-istiltäni (ablative singular)
-isteiltäni (ablative plural)
-istilleni (allative singular)
-isteilleni (allative plural)
-istinäni (essive singular)
-isteinäni (essive plural)
-istikseni (singular translative)
-isteikseni (plural translative)
-istittäni (abessive singular)
-isteittäni (abessive plural)
-isteineni (comitative plural)
-istisi (nominative singular)
-istisi (nominative plural)
-istisi (accusative nominative singular)
-istisi (accusative nominative plural)
-istisi (accusative genitive singular)
-istisi (accusative genitive plural)
-istisi (genitive singular)
-istiesi (genitive plural)
-istiäsi (partitive singular)
-istejäsi (partitive plural)
-istissäsi (inessive singular)
-isteissäsi (inessive plural)
-ististäsi (elative singular)
-isteistäsi (elative plural)
-istiisi (illative singular)
-isteihisi (illative plural)
-istilläsi (adessive singular)
-isteilläsi (adessive plural)
-istiltäsi (ablative singular)
-isteiltäsi (ablative plural)
-istillesi (allative singular)
-isteillesi (allative plural)
-istinäsi (essive singular)
-isteinäsi (essive plural)
-istiksesi (singular translative)
-isteiksesi (plural translative)
-istittäsi (abessive singular)
-isteittäsi (abessive plural)
-isteinesi (comitative plural)
-istimme (nominative singular)
-istimme (nominative plural)
-istimme (accusative nominative singular)
-istimme (accusative nominative plural)
-istimme (accusative genitive singular)
-istimme (accusative genitive plural)
-istimme (genitive singular)
-istiemme (genitive plural)
-istiämme (partitive singular)
-istejämme (partitive plural)
-istissämme (inessive singular)
-isteissämme (inessive plural)
-ististämme (elative singular)
-isteistämme (elative plural)
-istiimme (illative singular)
-isteihimme (illative plural)
-istillämme (adessive singular)
-isteillämme (adessive plural)
-istiltämme (ablative singular)
-isteiltämme (ablative plural)
-istillemme (allative singular)
-isteillemme (allative plural)
-istinämme (essive singular)
-isteinämme (essive plural)
-istiksemme (singular translative)
-isteiksemme (plural translative)
-istittämme (abessive singular)
-isteittämme (abessive plural)
-isteinemme (comitative plural)
-istinne (nominative singular)
-istinne (nominative plural)
-istinne (accusative nominative singular)
-istinne (accusative nominative plural)
-istinne (accusative genitive singular)
-istinne (accusative genitive plural)
-istinne (genitive singular)
-istienne (genitive plural)
-istiänne (partitive singular)
-istejänne (partitive plural)
-istissänne (inessive singular)
-isteissänne (inessive plural)
-ististänne (elative singular)
-isteistänne (elative plural)
-istiinne (illative singular)
-isteihinne (illative plural)
-istillänne (adessive singular)
-isteillänne (adessive plural)
-istiltänne (ablative singular)
-isteiltänne (ablative plural)
-istillenne (allative singular)
-isteillenne (allative plural)
-istinänne (essive singular)
-isteinänne (essive plural)
-istiksenne (singular translative)
-isteiksenne (plural translative)
-istittänne (abessive singular)
-isteittänne (abessive plural)
-isteinenne (comitative plural)
-istinsä (nominative singular)
-istinsä (nominative plural)
-istinsä (accusative nominative singular)
-istinsä (accusative nominative plural)
-istinsä (accusative genitive singular)
-istinsä (accusative genitive plural)
-istinsä (genitive singular)
-istiensä (genitive plural)
-istiään (partitive singular)
-istiänsä (partitive singular)
-istejään (partitive plural)
-istejänsä (partitive plural)
-istissään (inessive singular)
-istissänsä (inessive singular)
-isteissään (inessive plural)
-isteissänsä (inessive plural)
-ististään (elative singular)
-ististänsä (elative singular)
-isteistään (elative plural)
-isteistänsä (elative plural)
-istiinsä (illative singular)
-isteihinsä (illative plural)
-istillään (adessive singular)
-istillänsä (adessive singular)
-isteillään (adessive plural)
-isteillänsä (adessive plural)
-istiltään (ablative singular)
-istiltänsä (ablative singular)
-isteiltään (ablative plural)
-isteiltänsä (ablative plural)
-istilleen (allative singular)
-istillensä (allative singular)
-isteilleen (allative plural)
-isteillensä (allative plural)
-istinään (essive singular)
-istinänsä (essive singular)
-isteinään (essive plural)
-isteinänsä (essive plural)
-istikseen (singular translative)
-istiksensä (singular translative)
-isteikseen (plural translative)
-isteiksensä (plural translative)
-istittään (abessive singular)
-istittänsä (abessive singular)
-isteittään (abessive plural)
-isteittänsä (abessive plural)
-isteineen (comitative plural)
-isteinensä (comitative plural)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs).

viulu (“violin”) + -isti → viulisti (“violinist”)

altto(viulu) (“viola”) + -isti → altisti (“violist”)

-ist (forms names of occupations from some nouns)


-iti

kualiti

entiti

kuantiti


-iti

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ити (-iti)

Old Ruthenian: -ити (-iti), -ить (-itʹ)

Belarusian: -іць (-icʹ)

desc

Carpathian Rusyn: -ити (-yty), -иц (-yc)

Ukrainian: -ити (-yty)

Russian: -ить (-itʹ)

Old Novgorodian: -ити (-iti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: -ⰺⱅⰺ (-iti)

Old Cyrillic script: -ити (-iti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ити

Latin script: -iti

Slovene: -iti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -iti

Czech: -it

Old Polish: -ić, -yć

Polish: -ić, -yć

Silesian:

Old Slovak: -iť

Pannonian Rusyn: -иц (-ic), -їц (-jic)

Slovak: -iť

Polabian: -ĕt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: -ëc, -ic

Slovincian: -ëc, -ic

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -yś, -iś

Upper Sorbian: -yć, -ić

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éiˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti.

blǫditi (“to mislead, deceive”) ← *blęsti (“to err”)

ložiti (“to lay”) ← *leťi (“to lie down”), *ležati (“to lie”)

pojiti (“to water, give to drink”) ← *piti (“to drink”)

saditi (“to plant, set”) ← *sěsti (“to sit down”), *sěděti (“to sit”)

staviti (“to place, put”) ← *stati (“to stand, become”), *stojati (“to stand”)


-iva

Borrowed from English -ive, French -if, German -iv, Italian -ivo, Russian -и́вный (-ívnyj), Spanish -ivo.

io-bor

instruktar (“to instruct”) + -iva → instruktiva (“instructive”)

responsar (“to be responsible”) + -iva → responsiva (“responsible”)

sugestar (“to suggest”) + -iva → sugestiva (“suggestive”)


-ì

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Zunda:

Zulu (S42): -i

Kongo (H16): -i


-ò

Southern Bantu:

Nguni:

Zunda:

Zulu (S42): -o

Forms action nouns, result nouns or instrument nouns from verbs.


-ono

kvar (“four”) + -ono → kvarono (“a quarter, a fourth”)

du (“two”) + -ono → duono (“a half”)


-uto

punta (“point, tip”) + -uto → puntuto (“pointy, sharp”)

barba (“beard”) + -uto → barbuto (“bearded”)

naso (“nose”) + -uto → nasuto (“big nosed”)

occhiali (“glasses”) + -uto → occhialuto (“spectacled”)

pancia (“belly”) + -uto → panciuto (“(pot)bellied”)

used to form adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun; -ed


hånd

head

hånd m or f (definite singular hånda or hånden, indefinite plural hender, definite plural hendene)

hånda (definite singular)
hånden (definite singular)
hender (indefinite plural)
hendene (definite plural)

From Old Norse hǫnd, from Proto-Germanic *handuz.


نا

Turkish: na-

ناـ + تمام (tamâm, “complete, perfect”) → ناتمام (nâtamâm, “incomplete, imperfect”)

ناـ + امید (ümid, “hope”) → ناامید (nâümid, “hopeless”)


نا

ناـ (canonical)
nā- (romanization)
ना- (Hindi)

Borrowed from Classical Persian ناـ (nā-).

bor+

ناـ (nā-) + پاک (pāk, “clean”) → ناپاک (nāpāk, “unclean”)

ناـ (nā-) + ممکن (“possible”) → ناممکن (“impossible”)


نا

Inherited from Chagatai ناـ, from Persian ناـ (nâ-).

ناـ (na-) + تامام (tamam, “complete, perfect”) → ناتامام (natamam, “incomplete, imperfect”)

ناـ (na-) + ئۈمىد (ümid, “hope”) → نائۈمىد (na'ümid, “hopeless”)


haemato-

Representing the combining form of Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).

Back in the late ’90s, when vampirism became fashionable owing to the international popularity of the novel Dracula … A subcircuit of the Buda-Pesth telephone exchange had apparently been reserved for the use of hæmatophages, as they were then known

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage 2007, p. 801: [compare -phage]


-it

sosialit


-it

L means this form triggers lenition.N means this form triggers nasalization(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.


-it

-it (nominative singular)
-ity (nominative plural)
-itu (genitive singular)
-itów (genitive plural)
-itowi (dative singular)
-itom (dative plural)
-it (accusative singular)
-ity (accusative plural)
-item (instrumental singular)
-itami (instrumental plural)
-icie (locative singular)
-itach (locative plural)
-icie (singular vocative)
-ity (plural vocative)

(inorganic chemistry) -ite, used to form names of certain chemical compounds


-it

Suffix used to form the supine tense of verbs belonging to the fourth conjugation (strong verbs); see also -t


-it

(literary) verb suffix for the second-person singular imperfect/conditional


aller-

From aller, the genitive form of alle (“all”), from Middle High German al, from Old High German al, from Proto-Germanic *allaz. Compare English all-, English alder-.

aller- + erste (“first”) → allererste (“very first”)

aller- + größte Stadt (“the biggest city”) → allergrößte Stadt (“the very biggest city / the biggest city of them all”)

aller- + meist (“most”) → allermeist (“almost all”)

aller- + herzlichst (“most cordially”) → allerherzlichst (literally “all-most-cordially”)

Ich will aber mal die allerallerbeste Ritterin werden.

1988, Cornelia Funke, Igraine Ohnefurcht, page 84:

Intensifying prefix for superlatives: very; of them all


-џија

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ـجی (modern Turkish -ci/-çi) and the Macedonian suffix -ја (-ja).

покер (poker, “poker”) + -џија (-džija) → покерџија (pokerdžija, “poker player”)

Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, performer or a feature.


-џија

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ـجی (modern Turkish -ci/-çi) and the Serbo-Croatian suffix -ја.

Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, performer or a feature, usually negative.


-ci

From -c (diminutive suffix) + -i (diminutive suffix).

af

László + -ci → Laci

futball (“football, soccer”) + -ci → foci

(diminutive suffix) Used mostly in given names, but also in other words.


-ci

ebasan (“divination”) + -ci → ebasanci (“diviner”)

nuwangbin (“swimming”) + -ci → nuwangbinci (“swimmer”)

dòkò (“horse”) + -ci → dòkòci (“horse-rider”)

enunù (“hoeing”) + -ci → enunùci (“farmer”)

(added to nouns) Used to form an agent noun


-ci

(Middle Polish, not productive) Alternative form of -ć


-ci

-cı (back-vowel-harmony unrounded-harmony)
-ci (front-vowel-harmony unrounded-harmony)
-cu (back-vowel-harmony rounded-harmony)
-cü (front-vowel-harmony rounded-harmony)
-çı (back-vowel-harmony unrounded-harmony)
-çi (front-vowel-harmony unrounded-harmony)
-çu (back-vowel-harmony rounded-harmony)
-çü (front-vowel-harmony rounded-harmony)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـجی, from Proto-Turkic *-či.

Suffix appended to words to create a noun, denoting a profession, occupation or inclination.


-çi

-çı (back-vowel-harmony unrounded-harmony)
-çi (front-vowel-harmony unrounded-harmony)
-çu (back-vowel-harmony rounded-harmony)
-çü (front-vowel-harmony rounded-harmony)

Suffix creating nouns denoting a profession or occupation from nouns.


-mancer

I’ve always thought it was a shame us Cullenmancers missed out on a romance tarot with how beautiful all their designs are.

As a Solasmancer I don't expect more, but I'd hope somehow Solas' experience with the Inquisition has an impact on him going forward.

I agreed with some and disagreed with others, so I'm putting it out there for my fellow Galemancers: what's Gale's [zodiac] sign?

2023 December 22, Theia-Euryphaessa, Reddit:

(fandom slang) A suffix attached to a video game character's name to create a word for a player who romances that character in the game.


-adelic

(slang) A suffix used to create adjectives imparting a specific form of coolness, verve, or trippiness.


över-

From Old Swedish yver, from Old Norse yfir.


pika-

pika- (nominative singular)
pikaa (partitive singular)
piakkoin (singular temporal)
pikana (essive singular)
pian (instructive singular)

From Proto-Finnic *pika (compare Estonian pea, Karelian pika, Livonian pigā, Veps piga, Votic pigaa), possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *fiką (compare Danish fige, Swedish fika (“to strive (for)”)).

summary (performed speedily and without formal ceremony)


آباد

Borrowed from Classical Persian آباد (ābād).


sonder-

From Proto-Germanic *sundraz (“separate, isolated, alone”).


-fer

ca-adj

-fer (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -fera, masculine plural -fers, feminine plural -feres)

-fera (feminine)
-fers (masculine plural)
-feres (feminine plural)

una pedra plumbífera


-fer

-fera (feminine)
-ferum (neuter)
in -er (masculine nominative singular)
-fer (masculine nominative singular)
-fera (feminine nominative singular)
-ferum (neuter nominative singular)
-ferī (masculine nominative singular)
-ferae (feminine nominative plural)
-fera (neuter nominative plural)
-ferī (genitive masculine singular)
-ferae (feminine genitive singular)
-ferī (genitive neuter singular)
-ferōrum (genitive masculine singular)
-ferārum (feminine genitive plural)
-ferōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-ferō (dative masculine singular)
-ferae (dative feminine singular)
-ferō (dative neuter singular)
-ferīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
-ferum (accusative masculine singular)
-feram (accusative feminine singular)
-ferum (accusative neuter singular)
-ferōs (accusative masculine singular)
-ferās (accusative feminine plural)
-fera (accusative neuter plural)
-ferō (ablative masculine singular)
-ferā (ablative feminine singular)
-ferō (ablative neuter singular)
-ferīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
-fer (masculine singular vocative)
-fera (feminine singular vocative)
-ferum (neuter singular vocative)
-ferī (masculine singular vocative)
-ferae (feminine plural vocative)
-fera (neuter plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *-foros. Related to ferō (“to bear, to carry”). Compare -ger from gerō. Akin to Proto-Germanic *bēriz.


n-

(organic chemistry) normal-form of a functional group (or molecule), being the long-chain form (unbranched chain)


n-

From Middle Dutch ne, en, from Old Dutch ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne.

Used to negate the pronoun or adverb which follows it, yielding the same part of speech


n-

forms intransitive or reflexive verbs from existing verbs


n-

Alternative form of m- (noun-forming prefix) before labial consonants


n-

l-

from assimilation to following consonants


-los

From Middle High German -lōs, from Old High German -lōs, from Proto-West Germanic *-laus. Related to lose (“loose”) and English -less.


örlogs-

See örlig (“war”), from Old Norse ørlǫg, from Proto-Germanic *uzlagą. Cognate Dutch oorlog (“war”).


idio-

Representing a combining form of Ancient Greek ἴδιος (ídios, “own, personal, distinct”).

der

idio-

individuality, peculiarity or separateness


-la

-la (genitive)
-lat (partitive)
-la (nominative singular)
-lad (nominative plural)
-la (accusative nominative singular)
-lad (accusative nominative plural)
-la (accusative genitive singular)
-lad (accusative genitive plural)
-la (genitive singular)
-late (genitive plural)
-lat (partitive singular)
-laid (partitive plural)
-lasse (illative singular)
-latesse (illative plural)
-laisse (illative plural)
-las (inessive singular)
-lates (inessive plural)
-lais (inessive plural)
-last (elative singular)
-latest (elative plural)
-laist (elative plural)
-lale (allative singular)
-latele (allative plural)
-laile (allative plural)
-lal (adessive singular)
-latel (adessive plural)
-lail (adessive plural)
-lalt (ablative singular)
-latelt (ablative plural)
-lailt (ablative plural)
-laks (singular translative)
-lateks (plural translative)
-laiks (plural translative)
-lani (singular terminative)
-lateni (plural terminative)
-lana (essive singular)
-latena (essive plural)
-lata (abessive singular)
-lateta (abessive plural)
-laga (comitative singular)
-latega (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *-la. Cognate with Finnish -la.

haige (“sick”) + -la → haigla (“hospital”)

kana (“chicken”) + -la → kanala (“chicken coop”)


-la

-la (nominative singular)
-lat (nominative plural)
-lan (genitive singular)
-loin (genitive plural)
-laa (partitive singular)
-loja (partitive plural)
-laa (illative singular)
-loihe (illative plural)
-laas (inessive singular)
-lois (inessive plural)
-last (elative singular)
-loist (elative plural)
-lalle (allative singular)
-loille (allative plural)
-laal (adessive singular)
-loil (adessive plural)
-lalt (ablative singular)
-loilt (ablative plural)
-laks (singular translative)
-loiks (plural translative)
-lanna (essive singular)
-laan (essive singular)
-loinna (essive plural)
-loin (essive plural)
-lant (exessive singular)
-loint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *-la. Cognates include Finnish -la and Estonian -la.

(name) Soikko + -la → Soikkola


-la

doari (“to be finished”) + -la → doarila (“to have finished”)

mwehlehl (“to be dizzy”) + -la → mwehlehlla (“to be unconcious”)

Used to form verbs with a perfective meaning


온

Contracted from Middle Korean 오ᄋᆞᆫ〮 (Yale: wòón), 오온〮 (Yale: wòwón), from unattested *오ᄫᆞᆫ〮 (Yale: *wòWón), from pre-Middle Korean . Compare Yukjin Korean 오분 (obun, “whole, entire”), preserving the lost */p/.
Originally equivalent to the adnominal form of 오ᄋᆞᆯ〮다〮 (Yale: wòól-tá, “to become whole”), from pre-Middle Korean wòpól-, but the verb is obsolete in modern Korean and the etymology is not transparent.


keino-

keinokuitu

keinosilkki


-dar

(usually humorous) Forming nouns denoting a putative ability to detect a thing.


-dar

hökm + -dar → hökmdar


-dar

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـدار, from Persian ـدار (-dâr).

hüküm + -dar → hükümdar


-dar

höküm + -dar → hökümdar


-dar

meyman + -dar → meymandar


entomo-

Combining form of Ancient Greek ἔντομον (éntomon, “insect”).


entomo-

From Ancient Greek ἔντομος (éntomos, “dissected”).


entomo-

entomo- + -fag → entomofag


entomo-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἔντομος (éntomos, “dissected”).


-valent

trivalent ions


-ma

head

-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä, linguistic notation -mA)

-mä (front-vowel)
-ma (nominative singular)
-mat (nominative plural)
-ma (accusative nominative singular)
-mat (accusative nominative plural)
-man (accusative genitive singular)
-mat (accusative genitive plural)
-man (genitive singular)
-mien (genitive plural)
-main (genitive plural rare)
-maa (partitive singular)
-mia (partitive plural)
-massa (inessive singular)
-missa (inessive plural)
-masta (elative singular)
-mista (elative plural)
-maan (illative singular)
-miin (illative plural)
-malla (adessive singular)
-milla (adessive plural)
-malta (ablative singular)
-milta (ablative plural)
-malle (allative singular)
-mille (allative plural)
-mana (essive singular)
-mina (essive plural)
-maksi (singular translative)
-miksi (plural translative)
-matta (abessive singular)
-mitta (abessive plural)
-min (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-mani (nominative singular)
-mani (nominative plural)
-mani (accusative nominative singular)
-mani (accusative nominative plural)
-mani (accusative genitive singular)
-mani (accusative genitive plural)
-mani (genitive singular)
-mieni (genitive plural)
-maini (genitive plural rare)
-maani (partitive singular)
-miani (partitive plural)
-massani (inessive singular)
-missani (inessive plural)
-mastani (elative singular)
-mistani (elative plural)
-maani (illative singular)
-miini (illative plural)
-mallani (adessive singular)
-millani (adessive plural)
-maltani (ablative singular)
-miltani (ablative plural)
-malleni (allative singular)
-milleni (allative plural)
-manani (essive singular)
-minani (essive plural)
-makseni (singular translative)
-mikseni (plural translative)
-mattani (abessive singular)
-mittani (abessive plural)
-mineni (comitative plural)
-masi (nominative singular)
-masi (nominative plural)
-masi (accusative nominative singular)
-masi (accusative nominative plural)
-masi (accusative genitive singular)
-masi (accusative genitive plural)
-masi (genitive singular)
-miesi (genitive plural)
-maisi (genitive plural rare)
-maasi (partitive singular)
-miasi (partitive plural)
-massasi (inessive singular)
-missasi (inessive plural)
-mastasi (elative singular)
-mistasi (elative plural)
-maasi (illative singular)
-miisi (illative plural)
-mallasi (adessive singular)
-millasi (adessive plural)
-maltasi (ablative singular)
-miltasi (ablative plural)
-mallesi (allative singular)
-millesi (allative plural)
-manasi (essive singular)
-minasi (essive plural)
-maksesi (singular translative)
-miksesi (plural translative)
-mattasi (abessive singular)
-mittasi (abessive plural)
-minesi (comitative plural)
-mamme (nominative singular)
-mamme (nominative plural)
-mamme (accusative nominative singular)
-mamme (accusative nominative plural)
-mamme (accusative genitive singular)
-mamme (accusative genitive plural)
-mamme (genitive singular)
-miemme (genitive plural)
-maimme (genitive plural rare)
-maamme (partitive singular)
-miamme (partitive plural)
-massamme (inessive singular)
-missamme (inessive plural)
-mastamme (elative singular)
-mistamme (elative plural)
-maamme (illative singular)
-miimme (illative plural)
-mallamme (adessive singular)
-millamme (adessive plural)
-maltamme (ablative singular)
-miltamme (ablative plural)
-mallemme (allative singular)
-millemme (allative plural)
-manamme (essive singular)
-minamme (essive plural)
-maksemme (singular translative)
-miksemme (plural translative)
-mattamme (abessive singular)
-mittamme (abessive plural)
-minemme (comitative plural)
-manne (nominative singular)
-manne (nominative plural)
-manne (accusative nominative singular)
-manne (accusative nominative plural)
-manne (accusative genitive singular)
-manne (accusative genitive plural)
-manne (genitive singular)
-mienne (genitive plural)
-mainne (genitive plural rare)
-maanne (partitive singular)
-mianne (partitive plural)
-massanne (inessive singular)
-missanne (inessive plural)
-mastanne (elative singular)
-mistanne (elative plural)
-maanne (illative singular)
-miinne (illative plural)
-mallanne (adessive singular)
-millanne (adessive plural)
-maltanne (ablative singular)
-miltanne (ablative plural)
-mallenne (allative singular)
-millenne (allative plural)
-mananne (essive singular)
-minanne (essive plural)
-maksenne (singular translative)
-miksenne (plural translative)
-mattanne (abessive singular)
-mittanne (abessive plural)
-minenne (comitative plural)
-mansa (nominative singular)
-mansa (nominative plural)
-mansa (accusative nominative singular)
-mansa (accusative nominative plural)
-mansa (accusative genitive singular)
-mansa (accusative genitive plural)
-mansa (genitive singular)
-miensa (genitive plural)
-mainsa (genitive plural rare)
-maansa (partitive singular)
-miaan (partitive plural)
-miansa (partitive plural)
-massaan (inessive singular)
-massansa (inessive singular)
-missaan (inessive plural)
-missansa (inessive plural)
-mastaan (elative singular)
-mastansa (elative singular)
-mistaan (elative plural)
-mistansa (elative plural)
-maansa (illative singular)
-miinsa (illative plural)
-mallaan (adessive singular)
-mallansa (adessive singular)
-millaan (adessive plural)
-millansa (adessive plural)
-maltaan (ablative singular)
-maltansa (ablative singular)
-miltaan (ablative plural)
-miltansa (ablative plural)
-malleen (allative singular)
-mallensa (allative singular)
-milleen (allative plural)
-millensa (allative plural)
-manaan (essive singular)
-manansa (essive singular)
-minaan (essive plural)
-minansa (essive plural)
-makseen (singular translative)
-maksensa (singular translative)
-mikseen (plural translative)
-miksensa (plural translative)
-mattaan (abessive singular)
-mattansa (abessive singular)
-mittaan (abessive plural)
-mittansa (abessive plural)
-mineen (comitative plural)
-minensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *-ma, from Proto-Uralic *-ma (compare Moksha -ма (-ma) in эряма (eŕama, “life”), кулома (kuloma, “death”)).

elää (“to live”) + -ma → elämä (“life”)

kuolla (“to die”) + -ma → kuolema (“death”)

osua (“to hit”) + -ma → osuma (“hit”)

sattua (“to take place”) + -ma → sattuma (“chance”)

tapahtua (“to happen”) + -ma → tapahtuma (“event”)


-ma

-mä (front-vowel)
-ma (nominative singular)
-mat (nominative plural)
-ma (accusative nominative singular)
-mat (accusative nominative plural)
-man (accusative genitive singular)
-mat (accusative genitive plural)
-man (genitive singular)
-mien (genitive plural)
-main (genitive plural rare)
-maa (partitive singular)
-mia (partitive plural)
-massa (inessive singular)
-missa (inessive plural)
-masta (elative singular)
-mista (elative plural)
-maan (illative singular)
-miin (illative plural)
-malla (adessive singular)
-milla (adessive plural)
-malta (ablative singular)
-milta (ablative plural)
-malle (allative singular)
-mille (allative plural)
-mana (essive singular)
-mina (essive plural)
-maksi (singular translative)
-miksi (plural translative)
-matta (abessive singular)
-mitta (abessive plural)
-min (instructive plural)
-mine (comitative plural)
-mani (nominative singular)
-mani (nominative plural)
-mani (accusative nominative singular)
-mani (accusative nominative plural)
-mani (accusative genitive singular)
-mani (accusative genitive plural)
-mani (genitive singular)
-mieni (genitive plural)
-maini (genitive plural rare)
-maani (partitive singular)
-miani (partitive plural)
-massani (inessive singular)
-missani (inessive plural)
-mastani (elative singular)
-mistani (elative plural)
-maani (illative singular)
-miini (illative plural)
-mallani (adessive singular)
-millani (adessive plural)
-maltani (ablative singular)
-miltani (ablative plural)
-malleni (allative singular)
-milleni (allative plural)
-manani (essive singular)
-minani (essive plural)
-makseni (singular translative)
-mikseni (plural translative)
-mattani (abessive singular)
-mittani (abessive plural)
-mineni (comitative plural)
-masi (nominative singular)
-masi (nominative plural)
-masi (accusative nominative singular)
-masi (accusative nominative plural)
-masi (accusative genitive singular)
-masi (accusative genitive plural)
-masi (genitive singular)
-miesi (genitive plural)
-maisi (genitive plural rare)
-maasi (partitive singular)
-miasi (partitive plural)
-massasi (inessive singular)
-missasi (inessive plural)
-mastasi (elative singular)
-mistasi (elative plural)
-maasi (illative singular)
-miisi (illative plural)
-mallasi (adessive singular)
-millasi (adessive plural)
-maltasi (ablative singular)
-miltasi (ablative plural)
-mallesi (allative singular)
-millesi (allative plural)
-manasi (essive singular)
-minasi (essive plural)
-maksesi (singular translative)
-miksesi (plural translative)
-mattasi (abessive singular)
-mittasi (abessive plural)
-minesi (comitative plural)
-mamme (nominative singular)
-mamme (nominative plural)
-mamme (accusative nominative singular)
-mamme (accusative nominative plural)
-mamme (accusative genitive singular)
-mamme (accusative genitive plural)
-mamme (genitive singular)
-miemme (genitive plural)
-maimme (genitive plural rare)
-maamme (partitive singular)
-miamme (partitive plural)
-massamme (inessive singular)
-missamme (inessive plural)
-mastamme (elative singular)
-mistamme (elative plural)
-maamme (illative singular)
-miimme (illative plural)
-mallamme (adessive singular)
-millamme (adessive plural)
-maltamme (ablative singular)
-miltamme (ablative plural)
-mallemme (allative singular)
-millemme (allative plural)
-manamme (essive singular)
-minamme (essive plural)
-maksemme (singular translative)
-miksemme (plural translative)
-mattamme (abessive singular)
-mittamme (abessive plural)
-minemme (comitative plural)
-manne (nominative singular)
-manne (nominative plural)
-manne (accusative nominative singular)
-manne (accusative nominative plural)
-manne (accusative genitive singular)
-manne (accusative genitive plural)
-manne (genitive singular)
-mienne (genitive plural)
-mainne (genitive plural rare)
-maanne (partitive singular)
-mianne (partitive plural)
-massanne (inessive singular)
-missanne (inessive plural)
-mastanne (elative singular)
-mistanne (elative plural)
-maanne (illative singular)
-miinne (illative plural)
-mallanne (adessive singular)
-millanne (adessive plural)
-maltanne (ablative singular)
-miltanne (ablative plural)
-mallenne (allative singular)
-millenne (allative plural)
-mananne (essive singular)
-minanne (essive plural)
-maksenne (singular translative)
-miksenne (plural translative)
-mattanne (abessive singular)
-mittanne (abessive plural)
-minenne (comitative plural)
-mansa (nominative singular)
-mansa (nominative plural)
-mansa (accusative nominative singular)
-mansa (accusative nominative plural)
-mansa (accusative genitive singular)
-mansa (accusative genitive plural)
-mansa (genitive singular)
-miensa (genitive plural)
-mainsa (genitive plural rare)
-maansa (partitive singular)
-miaan (partitive plural)
-miansa (partitive plural)
-massaan (inessive singular)
-massansa (inessive singular)
-missaan (inessive plural)
-missansa (inessive plural)
-mastaan (elative singular)
-mastansa (elative singular)
-mistaan (elative plural)
-mistansa (elative plural)
-maansa (illative singular)
-miinsa (illative plural)
-mallaan (adessive singular)
-mallansa (adessive singular)
-millaan (adessive plural)
-millansa (adessive plural)
-maltaan (ablative singular)
-maltansa (ablative singular)
-miltaan (ablative plural)
-miltansa (ablative plural)
-malleen (allative singular)
-mallensa (allative singular)
-milleen (allative plural)
-millensa (allative plural)
-manaan (essive singular)
-manansa (essive singular)
-minaan (essive plural)
-minansa (essive plural)
-makseen (singular translative)
-maksensa (singular translative)
-mikseen (plural translative)
-miksensa (plural translative)
-mattaan (abessive singular)
-mattansa (abessive singular)
-mittaan (abessive plural)
-mittansa (abessive plural)
-mineen (comitative plural)
-minensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *-ma, from Proto-Uralic *-ma.

ajaa (“to drive”) + -ma → ajama (“driven by”)
miehen ajama auto — car driven by the man

agent participle
agent participle#English

The third infinitive suffix; not used on its own, and always receives one of a number of case endings.


-ma

-ma (nominative singular)
-mák (nominative plural)
-mát (accusative singular)
-mákat (accusative plural)
-mának (dative singular)
-máknak (dative plural)
-mával (instrumental singular)
-mákkal (instrumental plural)
-máért (causal-final singular)
-mákért (causal-final plural)
-mává (singular translative)
-mákká (plural translative)
-máig (singular terminative)
-mákig (plural terminative)
-maként (essive-formal singular)
-mákként (essive-formal plural)
-mául (essive-modal singular)
-mákul (essive-modal plural)
-mában (inessive singular)
-mákban (inessive plural)
-mán (singular superessive)
-mákon (plural superessive)
-mánál (adessive singular)
-máknál (adessive plural)
-mába (illative singular)
-mákba (illative plural)
-mára (singular sublative)
-mákra (plural sublative)
-mához (allative singular)
-mákhoz (allative plural)
-mából (elative singular)
-mákból (elative plural)
-máról (delative singular)
-mákról (delative plural)
-mától (ablative singular)
-máktól (ablative plural)
-máé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-máké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-máéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-mákéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-mám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
-máim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
-mád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
-máid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
-mája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
-mái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
-mánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
-máink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
-mátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
-máitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
-májuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
-máik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.. The neologists formed new words with it after artificially deducing it from words ending in -ma/-me.

hu-langref

játszik (“to play”) + -ma → játszma (“game, match”)

(noun-forming suffix, rare) Added to a word to form a noun. No longer productive.


-ma

-ma (nominative singular)
-mat (nominative plural)
-man (genitive singular)
-mmiin (genitive plural)
-mmaa (partitive singular)
-mmia (partitive plural)
-mmaa (illative singular)
-mmii (illative plural)
-mas (inessive singular)
-mis (inessive plural)
-mast (elative singular)
-mist (elative plural)
-malle (allative singular)
-mille (allative plural)
-mal (adessive singular)
-mil (adessive plural)
-malt (ablative singular)
-milt (ablative plural)
-maks (singular translative)
-miks (plural translative)
-manna (essive singular)
-mmaan (essive singular)
-minna (essive plural)
-mmiin (essive plural)
-mant (exessive singular)
-mint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *-ma. Cognates include Finnish -ma and Estonian -m.

vettää (“to pull”) + -ma → vetämä (“cartload”)


-ma

From Proto-Cariban *-ma; cognate to Apalaí -ma, Trió -ma, Wayana -ma, Waiwai -ma, Akawaio -ma, Macushi -ma, Pemon -ma, Ye'kwana -ma. Likely also ultimately related to the postposition me (“functioning as”).

Forms transitive verbs from nouns and adverbs, with no single clear meaning common to these derivations, but often ‘to cause to become or gain the qualities of’.


-ma

Added to adjectives (sometimes to nouns) to form abstract nouns, especially those referring to the state or property that corresponds to the original adjective (like, e.g., Eng. -ity).


-ma

Cognates include Minica Huitoto -ma and Nüpode Huitoto -ma.


-ma

From Proto-Cariban *-ma; cognate to Apalaí -ma, Kari'na -ma, Trió -ma, Wayana -ma, Waiwai -ma, Akawaio -ma, Macushi -ma, Pemon -ma.

Forms transitive verbs from nouns and adverbs, with no single clear meaning common to these derivations.


-ma

Estonian: -m

Finnish: -ma

Ingrian: -ma

Karelian: -ma

Veps: -m

Võro: -m

Votic: -ma


-ma

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-ma

Sanskrit: -मन् (-man)

Proto-Iranian: *-ma

Avestan: -𐬨𐬀𐬥 (-man)

desc

Central Kurdish: -مەن (-men), -مەنی (-menî), -مە (-me), مە- (me-) (as in dîmen, çapemenî, mebest...)


-mä

-mä (nominative singular)
-mät (nominative plural)
-mä (accusative nominative singular)
-mät (accusative nominative plural)
-män (accusative genitive singular)
-mät (accusative genitive plural)
-män (genitive singular)
-mien (genitive plural)
-mäin (genitive plural rare)
-mää (partitive singular)
-miä (partitive plural)
-mässä (inessive singular)
-missä (inessive plural)
-mästä (elative singular)
-mistä (elative plural)
-mään (illative singular)
-miin (illative plural)
-mällä (adessive singular)
-millä (adessive plural)
-mältä (ablative singular)
-miltä (ablative plural)
-mälle (allative singular)
-mille (allative plural)
-mänä (essive singular)
-minä (essive plural)
-mäksi (singular translative)
-miksi (plural translative)
-mättä (abessive singular)
-mittä (abessive plural)
-min (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-mäni (nominative singular)
-mäni (nominative plural)
-mäni (accusative nominative singular)
-mäni (accusative nominative plural)
-mäni (accusative genitive singular)
-mäni (accusative genitive plural)
-mäni (genitive singular)
-mieni (genitive plural)
-mäini (genitive plural rare)
-määni (partitive singular)
-miäni (partitive plural)
-mässäni (inessive singular)
-missäni (inessive plural)
-mästäni (elative singular)
-mistäni (elative plural)
-määni (illative singular)
-miini (illative plural)
-mälläni (adessive singular)
-milläni (adessive plural)
-mältäni (ablative singular)
-miltäni (ablative plural)
-mälleni (allative singular)
-milleni (allative plural)
-mänäni (essive singular)
-minäni (essive plural)
-mäkseni (singular translative)
-mikseni (plural translative)
-mättäni (abessive singular)
-mittäni (abessive plural)
-mineni (comitative plural)
-mäsi (nominative singular)
-mäsi (nominative plural)
-mäsi (accusative nominative singular)
-mäsi (accusative nominative plural)
-mäsi (accusative genitive singular)
-mäsi (accusative genitive plural)
-mäsi (genitive singular)
-miesi (genitive plural)
-mäisi (genitive plural rare)
-määsi (partitive singular)
-miäsi (partitive plural)
-mässäsi (inessive singular)
-missäsi (inessive plural)
-mästäsi (elative singular)
-mistäsi (elative plural)
-määsi (illative singular)
-miisi (illative plural)
-mälläsi (adessive singular)
-milläsi (adessive plural)
-mältäsi (ablative singular)
-miltäsi (ablative plural)
-mällesi (allative singular)
-millesi (allative plural)
-mänäsi (essive singular)
-minäsi (essive plural)
-mäksesi (singular translative)
-miksesi (plural translative)
-mättäsi (abessive singular)
-mittäsi (abessive plural)
-minesi (comitative plural)
-mämme (nominative singular)
-mämme (nominative plural)
-mämme (accusative nominative singular)
-mämme (accusative nominative plural)
-mämme (accusative genitive singular)
-mämme (accusative genitive plural)
-mämme (genitive singular)
-miemme (genitive plural)
-mäimme (genitive plural rare)
-määmme (partitive singular)
-miämme (partitive plural)
-mässämme (inessive singular)
-missämme (inessive plural)
-mästämme (elative singular)
-mistämme (elative plural)
-määmme (illative singular)
-miimme (illative plural)
-mällämme (adessive singular)
-millämme (adessive plural)
-mältämme (ablative singular)
-miltämme (ablative plural)
-mällemme (allative singular)
-millemme (allative plural)
-mänämme (essive singular)
-minämme (essive plural)
-mäksemme (singular translative)
-miksemme (plural translative)
-mättämme (abessive singular)
-mittämme (abessive plural)
-minemme (comitative plural)
-männe (nominative singular)
-männe (nominative plural)
-männe (accusative nominative singular)
-männe (accusative nominative plural)
-männe (accusative genitive singular)
-männe (accusative genitive plural)
-männe (genitive singular)
-mienne (genitive plural)
-mäinne (genitive plural rare)
-määnne (partitive singular)
-miänne (partitive plural)
-mässänne (inessive singular)
-missänne (inessive plural)
-mästänne (elative singular)
-mistänne (elative plural)
-määnne (illative singular)
-miinne (illative plural)
-mällänne (adessive singular)
-millänne (adessive plural)
-mältänne (ablative singular)
-miltänne (ablative plural)
-mällenne (allative singular)
-millenne (allative plural)
-mänänne (essive singular)
-minänne (essive plural)
-mäksenne (singular translative)
-miksenne (plural translative)
-mättänne (abessive singular)
-mittänne (abessive plural)
-minenne (comitative plural)
-mänsä (nominative singular)
-mänsä (nominative plural)
-mänsä (accusative nominative singular)
-mänsä (accusative nominative plural)
-mänsä (accusative genitive singular)
-mänsä (accusative genitive plural)
-mänsä (genitive singular)
-miensä (genitive plural)
-mäinsä (genitive plural rare)
-määnsä (partitive singular)
-miään (partitive plural)
-miänsä (partitive plural)
-mässään (inessive singular)
-mässänsä (inessive singular)
-missään (inessive plural)
-missänsä (inessive plural)
-mästään (elative singular)
-mästänsä (elative singular)
-mistään (elative plural)
-mistänsä (elative plural)
-määnsä (illative singular)
-miinsä (illative plural)
-mällään (adessive singular)
-mällänsä (adessive singular)
-millään (adessive plural)
-millänsä (adessive plural)
-mältään (ablative singular)
-mältänsä (ablative singular)
-miltään (ablative plural)
-miltänsä (ablative plural)
-mälleen (allative singular)
-mällensä (allative singular)
-milleen (allative plural)
-millensä (allative plural)
-mänään (essive singular)
-mänänsä (essive singular)
-minään (essive plural)
-minänsä (essive plural)
-mäkseen (singular translative)
-mäksensä (singular translative)
-mikseen (plural translative)
-miksensä (plural translative)
-mättään (abessive singular)
-mättänsä (abessive singular)
-mittään (abessive plural)
-mittänsä (abessive plural)
-mineen (comitative plural)
-minensä (comitative plural)


-mä

-mä (nominative singular)
-mät (nominative plural)
-män (genitive singular)
-mmiin (genitive plural)
-mmää (partitive singular)
-mmiä (partitive plural)
-mmää (illative singular)
-mmii (illative plural)
-mäs (inessive singular)
-mis (inessive plural)
-mäst (elative singular)
-mist (elative plural)
-mälle (allative singular)
-mille (allative plural)
-mäl (adessive singular)
-mil (adessive plural)
-mält (ablative singular)
-milt (ablative plural)
-mäks (singular translative)
-miks (plural translative)
-männä (essive singular)
-mmään (essive singular)
-minnä (essive plural)
-mmiin (essive plural)
-mänt (exessive singular)
-mint (exessive plural)


-iatric

From Ancient Greek ἰᾱτρικός (iātrikós, “medical”), from ἰατρός (iatrós, “doctor”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”).

suffix

Pertaining to a particular branch of medicine.


-ende

-ende (nominative singular)
-endu (nominative plural)
-ende (accusative singular)
-endu (accusative plural)
-endes (genitive singular)
-enda (genitive plural)
-ende (dative singular)
-endum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *-andiją. Compare Old Norse -indi.

swǣsende


Luso-

From Latin Lūsitānia (“Ancient Roman province comprising most of modern Portugal and part of Spain”).

uder

Relating to Portugal or the Portuguese people, language, or culture.


-legur

is-adj

-legur (adjective-forming suffix, comparative -legri, superlative -legastur)

-legri (comparative)
-legastur (superlative)
-legur (masculine nominative strong)
-leg (feminine nominative strong)
-legt (neuter nominative strong)
-legan (accusative masculine strong)
-lega (accusative feminine strong)
-legt (accusative neuter strong)
-legum (dative masculine strong)
-legri (dative feminine strong)
-legu (dative neuter strong)
-legs (genitive masculine strong)
-legrar (feminine genitive strong)
-legs (genitive neuter strong)
-legir (masculine nominative strong)
-legar (feminine nominative strong)
-leg (neuter nominative strong)
-lega (accusative masculine strong)
-legar (accusative feminine strong)
-leg (accusative neuter strong)
-legum (dative strong)
-legra (genitive strong)
-legi (masculine nominative weak)
-lega (feminine nominative weak)
-lega (neuter nominative weak)
-lega (masculine weak)
-legu (feminine weak)
-lega (neuter weak)
-legu (plural weak)
-legri (comparative masculine singular weak)
-legri (comparative feminine singular weak)
-legra (comparative neuter singular weak)
-legri (comparative plural weak)
-legastur (masculine nominative strong superlative)
-legust (feminine nominative strong superlative)
-legast (neuter nominative strong superlative)
-legastan (accusative masculine strong superlative)
-legasta (accusative feminine strong superlative)
-legast (accusative neuter strong superlative)
-legustum (dative masculine strong superlative)
-legastri (dative feminine strong superlative)
-legustu (dative neuter strong superlative)
-legasts (genitive masculine strong superlative)
-legastrar (feminine genitive strong superlative)
-legasts (genitive neuter strong superlative)
-legastir (masculine nominative strong superlative)
-legastar (feminine nominative strong superlative)
-legust (neuter nominative strong superlative)
-legasta (accusative masculine strong superlative)
-legastar (accusative feminine strong superlative)
-legust (accusative neuter strong superlative)
-legustum (dative strong superlative)
-legastra (genitive strong superlative)
-legasti (masculine nominative superlative weak)
-legasta (feminine nominative superlative weak)
-legasta (neuter nominative superlative weak)
-legasta (masculine superlative weak)
-legustu (feminine superlative weak)
-legasta (neuter superlative weak)
-legustu (plural superlative weak)

From Old Norse -ligr (“-ly”). Cognate with Swedish -lig, Faroese -ligur, Norwegian Nynorsk -leg, Danish -lig and Norwegian Bokmål -lig.


־ון

he-suffix

־וֹן • (-on)

יֶרַח (yérakh, “(archaic) a month”) + ־ון → יַרְחוֹן (yár'khon, “a monthly periodical”)

A suffix indicating a periodical or a journal.

שְׁאֵלָה (sh'elá, “a question”) + ־ון → שְׁאֵלוֹן (sh'elón, “a questionnaire”)

שָׁעָה (sha'á, “an hour”) + ־ון → שָׁעוֹן (sha'ón, “clock, watch”)

רֹאשׁ (rosh, “a head”) + ־ון → רִאשׁוֹן (rishón, “first”)

A suffix used in words indicating order.


thia-

Used to form the names of chemical compounds containing sulfur, especially where a sulfur atom replaces an oxygen atom in an analogous compound


δυσ-

From Proto-Hellenic *dus-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-, possibly from *dews-. Cognate to Proto-Germanic *tuz- (“hard, difficult, wrong, bad”) (English tore) and Proto-Iranian *duš- (“bad”).


-изм

-и́зм (canonical)
-ízm (romanization)
-и́зм (nominative singular)
-и́змы (nominative plural)
-и́зма (genitive singular)
-и́змов (genitive plural)
-и́зму (dative singular)
-и́змам (dative plural)
-и́зм (accusative singular)
-и́змы (accusative plural)
-и́змом (instrumental singular)
-и́змами (instrumental plural)
-и́зме (prepositional singular)
-и́змах (plural prepositional)


-fræði

is-noun

-fræði f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -fræði, no plural)

-fræði (genitive singular)
-fræði (indefinite nominative singular)
-fræðin (definite nominative singular)
-fræði (accusative indefinite singular)
-fræðina (accusative definite singular)
-fræði (dative indefinite singular)
-fræðinni (dative definite singular)
-fræði (genitive indefinite singular)
-fræðinnar (definite genitive singular)


-iatrics

From Ancient Greek ἰατρός (iatrós, “doctor”) + -ics.

Forms a noun meaning a specialty medical field of practice.


-iatry

From Ancient Greek ἰατρεία (iatreía, “healing, medical treatment”), from ἰατρός (iatrós, “doctor”).

bor

Forms names of specialized fields of medical practice.

-iatrie

(forms names of specialized fields of medical practice)


-ics

From -ic (“related or pertaining to”), with usage in the plural in imitation of the Latin and Greek usage.

Forms nouns referring to fields of knowledge or practice.


-scape

Back-formation from landscape, the suffix representing Middle Dutch -schap (“the English suffix -ship, e.g. of friendship, kinship, ownership”), from Old Dutch -skap (“-ship”), from Proto-Germanic *-skapiz (“-ship”), from *skapaz (“shape, form”). Cognate with Modern Dutch -schap (“-ship”), German -schaft (“-ship”), Swedish -skap (“-ship”), Old English -sceap, -scipe (“-ship”). More at -ship, shape.


-тель

head

-тел҄ь • (-telʹĭ) m

-тел҄ь (canonical)
-telʹĭ (romanization)

дати (dati, “to give”) + -тел҄ь (-telʹĭ) → дател҄ь (datelʹĭ, “giver”)

власти (vlasti, “to rule”) + -тел҄ь (-telʹĭ) → властел҄ь (vlastelʹĭ, “ruler”)

дѣлати (dělati, “to do, work”) + -тел҄ь (-telʹĭ) → дѣлател҄ь (dělatelʹĭ, “worker”)
съвѣдѣти (sŭvěděti, “to witness, testify”) + -тел҄ь (-telʹĭ) → лъжесъвѣдѣтел҄ь (lŭžesŭvědětelʹĭ, “false witness”)

Some nouns derive from infinitive stem in -а- or -ѣ-

гонити (goniti, “to persecute”) + -тел҄ь (-telʹĭ) → гонител҄ь (gonitelʹĭ, “persecutor”)
гоубити (gubiti, “to destroy”) + -тел҄ь (-telʹĭ) → гоубител҄ь (gubitelʹĭ, “destroyer”)

The most common are the nouns with infinitive in -и-

-er, -or; Deverbative nominalizing suffix used to create a masculine agent noun. Usually derived from infinitive (or "aorist") stem of verbs, rarely from root-class verbs, such as:


-тель

-telʹ (romanization)
-тель (nominative singular)
-тели (nominative plural)
-теля (genitive singular)
-телей (genitive plural)
-телю (dative singular)
-телям (dative plural)
-теля (accusative animate singular)
-телей (accusative animate plural)
-тель (accusative inanimate singular)
-тели (accusative inanimate plural)
-телем (instrumental singular)
-телями (instrumental plural)
-теле (prepositional singular)
-телях (plural prepositional)
-тель (dated nominative singular)
-тели (dated nominative plural)
-теля (dated genitive singular)
-телей (dated genitive plural)
-телю (dated dative singular)
-телямъ (dated dative plural)
-теля (accusative animate dated singular)
-телей (accusative animate dated plural)
-тель (accusative dated inanimate singular)
-тели (accusative dated inanimate plural)
-телемъ (dated instrumental singular)
-телями (dated instrumental plural)
-телѣ (dated prepositional singular)
-теляхъ (dated plural prepositional)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-teľь. Cognate to Old Church Slavonic -тель (-telĭ), Serbo-Croatian -telj and Czech -tel.

писа́ть (pisátʹ, “to write”) + -тель (-telʹ) → писа́тель (pisátelʹ, “writer”)

предста́вить (predstávitʹ, “to represent”) + -тель (-telʹ) → представи́тель (predstavítelʹ, “representative”)

-er (a suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, performer of an action or a human relation)


-тель

Inherited from Old Ruthenian -тель (-telʹ), from Old East Slavic -тель (-telĭ), from Proto-Slavic *-teľь.

inh+

ви́зволити (výzvolyty, “to liberate, to free, to release”) + -тель (-telʹ) → визволи́тель (vyzvolýtelʹ, “liberator”)

ви́ховати (výxovaty, “to raise, to bring up, to nurture”) + -тель (-telʹ) → вихова́тель (vyxovátelʹ, “teacher (of kindergarden/nursery), fosterer, educator”)

ганьби́ти (hanʹbýty, “to shame”) + -тель (-telʹ) → ганьби́тель (hanʹbýtelʹ, “shamer”)

гноби́ти (hnobýty, “to oppress”) + -тель (-telʹ) → гноби́тель (hnobýtelʹ, “oppressor”)

жи́ти (žýty, “to live”) + -тель (-telʹ) → жи́тель (žýtelʹ, “inhabitant, dweller”)

ми́слити (mýslyty, “to think”) + -тель (-telʹ) → мисли́тель (myslýtelʹ, “thinker”)

ни́щити (nýščyty, “to destroy”) + -тель (-telʹ) → ни́щитель (nýščytelʹ, “destroyer”)

роди́ти (rodýty, “to birth”) + -тель (-telʹ) → роди́тель (rodýtelʹ, “parent”)

спасти́ (spastý, “to save, to redeem”) + -тель (-telʹ) → спаси́тель (spasýtelʹ, “savior, redeemer”)

appended to verbs and nouns to form masculine agent nouns; -er, -or


cyklo-

cyklo- + -gram → cyklogram


chromato-

From Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”).


chromato-

chromato- + -grafia → chromatografia


-tort

From Old French tort, from Latin tortum, substantive use of the past participle of torqueō (“twist, turn”). Compare with torsion, torture.


-and

From Middle English -and, -end, -ant, -nd, from Old English -ende, -ande, present participle ending of verbs, and -end, -nd, agent ending, both from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *-onts. More at -ing.

inh

livand, nurischand, ravand, snipand, goand

(now chiefly dialectal, Scotland) Used to form the present participle of verbs, equivalent to -ing.

waniand, blatant, blicant, farrand, flippant, gainand, rampant, trippant, warkand

(rare or no longer productive) A suffix of Anglo-Saxon origin forming adjectives from verbs analogous to -ing.


-and

From Latin gerundive termination -andus, -endus. More at -end.

A suffix forming nouns denoting patients (i.e., recipients of actions), such as compiland.


-end

From Latin -endus, a gerundive ending, related to -andus.

addend, subtrahend, dividend

Forming nouns denoting patients or recipients of actions.


-end

-end (nominative singular)
-end (nominative plural)
-ende (nominative plural)
-endas (nominative plural)
-end (accusative singular)
-end (accusative plural)
-ende (accusative plural)
-endas (accusative plural)
-endes (genitive singular)
-endra (genitive plural)
-ende (dative singular)
-endum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *-andi, from Proto-Germanic *-andz, taken from the present participle form of verbs. See -ende.

āgan (“to own”) + -end → āgend (“owner”)

hǣlan (“to save”) + -end → hǣlend (“savior”)

lufian (“to love”) + -end → lufiend (“lover”)

sċildan (“to protect”) + -end → sċildend (“protector”)

timbran (“to build”) + -end → timbrend (“builder”)

suffix denoting the agent of an action; -er


ofer-

Middle English: over-

English: over-

From Proto-Germanic *uber. See ofer (“over”).

used to form nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions having intensive force, or with a sense of "going over, above"


-ství

-ství (nominative singular)
-ství (nominative plural)
-ství (genitive singular)
-ství (genitive plural)
-ství (dative singular)
-stvím (dative plural)
-ství (accusative singular)
-ství (accusative plural)
-ství (singular vocative)
-ství (plural vocative)
-ství (locative singular)
-stvích (locative plural)
-stvím (instrumental singular)
-stvími (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech -stvie. By surface analysis, -stvo + -í.


před-

Předjordánsko

Předlitavsko


-mony

Learned borrowing from Latin -mōnium, -mōnia.

Denominal and deverbal suffix used to form a noun designating a legal status, estate, property.


־י

־ִי (canonical)
־י (canonical)
or -í (-i)

Compare Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy, “suffix used to derive adjectives and nouns”).

cog

My, of mine, me (one suffix form of the first-person singular personal pronoun).


-tas

From -ta (past participle suffix) + -as (abstract noun suffix).

Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns


-tas

-tās (canonical feminine)
-tātis (genitive)
-tās (nominative singular)
-tātēs (nominative plural)
-tātis (genitive singular)
-tātum (genitive plural)
-tātium (genitive plural)
-tātī (dative singular)
-tātibus (dative plural)
-tātem (accusative singular)
-tātēs (accusative plural)
-tātīs (accusative plural)
-tāte (ablative singular)
-tātibus (ablative plural)
-tās (singular vocative)
-tātēs (plural vocative)

Aragonese: -dat

Aromanian: -tati

Asturian: -dá

Basque: -tate

Catalan: -tat

Franco-Provençal: -tât

desctree

Old French: -té f
Middle French: -té
French: -té
→ Dutch: -teit
→ English: -ty
→ Norman: -té

Friulian: -tât

German: -tät

Indonesian: -tas (rarer, -ta)

Italian: -ità

Occitan: -tat (rarer, -ta)

Portuguese: -dade, -tade

Romanian: -tate

Sicilian: -tà, -tati

Old Spanish: -dat, -tat

Spanish: -dad, -tad

From Proto-Italic *-tāts, from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts, whence also Attic Greek -της (-tēs), Doric Greek -τᾱς (-tās), and Sanskrit -ताति (-tāti). See also -tūs.

-ty, -dom, -hood, -ness, -ship; Used to form feminine abstract nouns indicating a state of being.


immuno-

Relating to the immune systems and processes in a living organism.


-eren

From earlier -er, from Middle Dutch -er, the dative plural plural of which was -eren (compare German -ern). The use for all cases in Modern Dutch is probably due to a desire to over-illustrate the plural (that is -er + -en, comparing the dialectal byform -ers). The simple form of the suffix can still be seen in many compounds such as kindertijd, and in the formation of plural diminutives (kindertjes, radertjes). Compare English -ren.

kind (“child”) + -eren → kinderen (“children”)

forms the plural of a limited group of nouns: blad, been, ei, gelid, gemoed, goed, hoen, kalf, kind, kleed, lam, lied, rad, rund, volk


-eren

-eren (infinitive)
-eren n (gerund)
-eer (first-person present singular)
-eerde (first-person past singular)
-eert (present second-person singular)
-eer (present second-person singular)
-eerde (past second-person singular)
-eert (formal present second-person singular)
-eerde (formal past second-person singular)
-eert (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
-eert (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
-eerde (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
-eerde (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
-eert (present singular third-person)
-eerde (past singular third-person)
-eren (plural present)
-eerden (past plural)
-ere (archaic present singular subjunctive)
-eerde (archaic past singular subjunctive)
-eren (archaic plural present subjunctive)
-eerden (archaic past plural subjunctive)
-eer (imperative present singular)
-eert (archaic imperative plural present)
-erend (participle present)
ge- -eerd (participle past)

From Middle Dutch -eren, from Middle French -er or Old French -er, from Latin -āre.

part of the infinitive of verbs borrowed mainly from French and Latin, e.g. informeren from French informer (“to inform”).


-eren

-eren (infinitive)
-eren n (gerund)
-er (first-person present singular)
-erde (first-person past singular)
-ert (present second-person singular)
-er (present second-person singular)
-erde (past second-person singular)
-ert (formal present second-person singular)
-erde (formal past second-person singular)
-ert (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
-ert (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
-erde (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
-erde (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
-ert (present singular third-person)
-erde (past singular third-person)
-eren (plural present)
-erden (past plural)
-ere (archaic present singular subjunctive)
-erde (archaic past singular subjunctive)
-eren (archaic plural present subjunctive)
-erden (archaic past plural subjunctive)
-er (imperative present singular)
-ert (archaic imperative plural present)
-erend (participle present)
ge- -erd (participle past)

frequentative verbal suffix; indicating repetition


-ares

A combination of the suffixes -aar and -es.

someone of feminine gender who practices the action signified by the verb, the stem of which the suffix has been appended onto


-lings

From Middle English -linges, variant (with genitive -es) of Middle English -ling (adverbial suffix), equivalent to -ling + -s. Compare Dutch -lings (adverbial suffix), German -lings.

(now UK dialectal) forming adverbs, generally of condition or situation


-lings

The suffix is a combination of the suffix -ling and the adverb-forming -s.

Hij dook zijdelings weg.

describes a manner in which an action proceeds as defined by root to which it is added, both as adverb and as adjective


-lings

From Middle High German -lingen, from Old High German lingūn. The modern form with -s is of Central and Low German origin; compare Middle Low German -linges.

Bauch (“abdomen, belly”) + -lings → bäuchlings (“on one’s belly”)

blind (“blind”) + -lings → blindlings (“blindly, hastily, pell-mell”)

Ritt (“ride”) + -lings → rittlings (“astride, sitting on something like on a mount”)

Rücken (“back”) + -lings → rücklings (“on one’s back”)

Seite (“side”) + -lings → seitlings (“sideways”)

(rare, little productive) forms adverbs that describe the manner of an action, particularly a movement


-linge

The suffix is a combination of the male suffix -ling and -e that renders it feminine.

a suffix that describes a female person in terms of a place of origin or a quality, as defined by the root to which it is added


-uplo

used to form nouns representing tuples or tuplets, and the corresponding adjectives


-eza

gl-noun

-eza f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ezas)

From Old Galician-Portuguese -eza, from Latin -itia.

triste (“sad”) + -eza → tristeza (“sadness”)

-ness; -ity (appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning “the state of ...”, “the quality of ...”, or “the measure of ...”)


-eza

pt-noun

-eza f (noun-forming suffix, usually uncountable, plural -ezas)

belo (“beautiful”) + -eza → beleza (“beauty”)


-eza

grande (“grand, great”) + -eza → grandeza (“grandeur”)

attached to adjectives to form abstract nouns of that quality


-nautur

is-noun

-nautur m (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -nautar or -nauts, nominative plural -nautar)

-nautar (genitive singular)
-nauts (genitive singular)
-nautar (nominative plural)
-nautur (indefinite nominative singular)
-nauturinn (definite nominative singular)
-nautar (indefinite nominative plural)
-nautarnir (definite nominative plural)
-naut (accusative indefinite singular)
-nautinn (accusative definite singular)
-nauta (accusative indefinite plural)
-nautana (accusative definite plural)
-naut (dative indefinite singular)
-nauti (dative indefinite singular)
-nautnum (dative definite singular)
-nautum (dative indefinite plural)
-nautunum (dative definite plural)
-nautar (genitive indefinite singular)
-nauts (genitive indefinite singular)
-nautarins (definite genitive singular)
-nautsins (definite genitive singular)
-nauta (genitive indefinite plural)
-nautanna (definite genitive plural)


-ies

-ies (nominative singular)
-iesek (nominative plural)
-ieset (accusative singular)
-iest (accusative singular)
-ieseket (accusative plural)
-iesnek (dative singular)
-ieseknek (dative plural)
-iessel (instrumental singular)
-iesekkel (instrumental plural)
-iesért (causal-final singular)
-iesekért (causal-final plural)
-iessé (singular translative)
-iesekké (plural translative)
-iesig (singular terminative)
-iesekig (plural terminative)
-iesként (essive-formal singular)
-iesekként (essive-formal plural)
-iesben (inessive singular)
-iesekben (inessive plural)
-iesen (singular superessive)
-ieseken (plural superessive)
-iesnél (adessive singular)
-ieseknél (adessive plural)
-iesbe (illative singular)
-iesekbe (illative plural)
-iesre (singular sublative)
-iesekre (plural sublative)
-ieshez (allative singular)
-iesekhez (allative plural)
-iesből (elative singular)
-iesekből (elative plural)
-iesről (delative singular)
-iesekről (delative plural)
-iestől (ablative singular)
-iesektől (ablative plural)
-iesé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-ieseké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-ieséi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-iesekéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)

From -i (adjective-forming suffix) + -es (adjective-forming suffix).

compound

kísértet (“ghost”) + -ies → kísérteties (“ghostly”)

(adjective-forming suffix) reminding of, appropriate to, characteristic of (added to a noun to form an adjective)


-ský

-ský (masculine nominative singular)
-ská (feminine nominative singular)
-ské (neuter nominative singular)
-ského (genitive masculine singular)
-ské (feminine genitive singular)
-ského (genitive neuter singular)
-skému (dative masculine singular)
-ské (dative feminine singular)
-skému (dative neuter singular)
-ského (accusative animate masculine singular)
-ský (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-skou (accusative feminine singular)
-ské (accusative neuter singular)
-ském (locative masculine singular)
-ské (feminine locative singular)
-ském (locative neuter singular)
-ským (instrumental masculine singular)
-skou (feminine instrumental singular)
-ským (instrumental neuter singular)
-ští (animate masculine nominative plural)
-ské (feminine nominative plural)
-ské (inanimate masculine nominative plural)
-ská (neuter nominative plural)
-ských (genitive plural)
-ským (dative plural)
-ské (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ská (accusative neuter plural)
-ských (locative plural)
-skými (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech -ský, from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.

anděl + -ský → andělský

moře + -ský → mořský

Aristoteles (“Aristotle”) + -ský → aristotelský (“Aristotelian”)

Itálie (“Italy”) + -ský → italský (“Italian”)

Praha (“Prague”) + -ský → pražský (“Praguer”)

Česko (“Czechia”) + -ský → český (“Czech”)

(as an adjective) -ian, -ic (from, related to, or like)


-ský

-ský (masculine nominative singular)
-ská (feminine nominative singular)
-ské (neuter nominative singular)
-ského (genitive masculine singular)
-ské (feminine genitive singular)
-ského (genitive neuter singular)
-skému (dative masculine singular)
-ščiej (dative feminine singular)
-skéj (dative feminine singular)
-skému (dative neuter singular)
-ského (accusative masculine singular)
-ský (accusative masculine singular)
-skú (accusative feminine singular)
-ské (accusative neuter singular)
-ščiem (locative masculine singular)
-ském (locative masculine singular)
-ščiej (feminine locative singular)
-skéj (feminine locative singular)
-ščiem (locative neuter singular)
-ském (locative neuter singular)
-ským (instrumental masculine singular)
-skú (feminine instrumental singular)
-ským (instrumental neuter singular)
-ská (dual masculine nominative)
-ščiej (dual feminine neuter nominative)
-skéj (dual feminine neuter nominative)
-skú (dual genitive)
-skýma (dative dual)
-ská (accusative dual masculine)
-ščiej (accusative dual feminine neuter)
-skéj (accusative dual feminine neuter)
-skú (dual locative)
-skýma (dual instrumental)
-ščí (masculine nominative plural)
-ské (feminine nominative plural)
-ská (neuter nominative plural)
-ských (genitive plural)
-ským (dative plural)
-ské (accusative feminine masculine plural)
-ská (accusative neuter plural)
-ských (locative plural)
-skými (instrumental plural)

Czech: -ský, -cký, -ký

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.

Čech + -ský → češský

Praha + -ský → pražský


-ský

-ský (masculine nominative singular)
-ská (feminine nominative singular)
-ské (neuter nominative singular)
-ského (genitive masculine singular)
-skej (feminine genitive singular)
-ského (genitive neuter singular)
-skému (dative masculine singular)
-skej (dative feminine singular)
-skému (dative neuter singular)
-ského (accusative animate masculine singular)
-ský (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-skú (accusative feminine singular)
-ské (accusative neuter singular)
-skom (locative masculine singular)
-skej (feminine locative singular)
-skom (locative neuter singular)
-ským (instrumental masculine singular)
-skou (feminine instrumental singular)
-ským (instrumental neuter singular)
-skí (animate masculine nominative plural)
-ské (feminine neuter nominative plural)
-ské (inanimate masculine nominative plural)
-ských (genitive plural)
-ským (dative plural)
-ských (accusative animate masculine plural)
-ské (accusative feminine neuter plural)
-ské (accusative inanimate masculine plural)
-ských (locative plural)
-skými (instrumental plural)

Island + -ský → islandský

Bratislava + -ský → bratislavský

(as an adjective) -ian (from, related to, or like)


-ridden

crime + -ridden → crime-ridden

bug + -ridden → bug-ridden

Figuratively construed as “repeatedly/perennially affected by” or “unable to escape from”.


-ula

From Latin -ula. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-ilaz, whence no longer productive English -le (as in dimple and nozzle), Dutch -el, German -el.

Used to form taxonomic names, usually of genera; small-.


-ula

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-lós
Proto-Italic *-elos
Latin -ulus
Latin -ulabor.
English -ula
Borrowed from Latin -ula. Doublet of -ule.

etymon

marimba + -ula → marimbula

ameba + -ula → amebula