새-

Believed to be from the Middle Korean verb ᄉᆡ다〮 (Yale: sòy-tá, “to be sour”), which was already sometimes used for intensifying effect in the fifteenth century. Hence related to 시다 (sida, “to be sour”).

ruby

􂀿具􂁀(구)􂀿本􂁀(본)􂀿寬􂁀(관)

具(구)本(본)寬(관)

lang

具(구)本(본)寬(관)

새 (sae-, “deep”) + 까맣다 (kkamata, “black”) → 새까맣다 (saekkamata, “pitch-black”)

(of colors) deep, strong, vivid (used before adjectives beginning with an obstruent followed by a yang-vowel)

샛 — before sonorants followed by a yang-vowel

시 — before obstruents followed by a yin-vowel

싯 — before sonorants followed by a yin-vowel


-keria

azeri (“fox”) + -keria → azerikeria (“scheme, trick”)

zapaldu (“to step on”) + -keria → zapalkeria (“opression”)

Used to create abstract nouns with negative connotations


ʻū-

ʻū- + hōloʻa (“to dispense”) → ʻūhōloʻa (“dispenser”)

Indicates the cause or instrument of an action.


-iš

𒉡𒊌𒆪𒊏𒀜 𒀀𒈠𒊑𒅖 𒉺𒀠𒄩𒀜
[nukkurat amāriš palḫat]
nu-uk-ku-ra-at a-ma-ri-iš pa-al-ḫa-at
She is strange to look at, she's fearsome.

(Old Babylonian) Combined with an infinitive, it denotes purpose, and corresponds to the preposition 𒀀𒈾 (ana) plus infinitive. It only occurs in Old Babylonian literary texts.

Suffix used to derive adverbs from adjectives.


-𐕎𐕒𐕡𐔸

Udi: -нутӏ (-nuṭ)

𐔸𐕒𐔲 (tog, “price”) + -𐕎𐕒𐕡𐔸 (-nut) → 𐔸𐕒𐔲𐕎𐕒𐕡𐔸 (tognut, “cheap, inexpensive”)

𐕄𐔼 (ḳi, “wealth”) + -𐕎𐕒𐕡𐔸 (-nut) → 𐕄𐔼𐕎𐕒𐕡𐔸 (ḳinut, “poor”)

𐕒𐕜𐔰𐕎 (oṭan, “law”) + -𐕎𐕒𐕡𐔸 (-nut) → 𐕒𐕜𐔰𐕎𐕎𐕒𐕡𐔸 (oṭannut, “lawless”)

Suffix used to create adjectives not containing the noun or adjective; roughly equivalent to English -less


-laajain

-laajain (nominative singular)
-laajaiset (nominative plural)
-laajaisen (genitive singular)
-laajaisiin (genitive plural)
-laajaista (partitive singular)
-laajaist (partitive singular)
-laajaisia (partitive plural)
-laajaisee (illative singular)
-laajaisii (illative plural)
-laajaisees (inessive singular)
-laajaisiis (inessive plural)
-laajaisest (elative singular)
-laajaisist (elative plural)
-laajaiselle (allative singular)
-laajaisille (allative plural)
-laajaiseel (adessive singular)
-laajaisiil (adessive plural)
-laajaiselt (ablative singular)
-laajaisilt (ablative plural)
-laajaiseks (singular translative)
-laajaisiks (plural translative)
-laajaisenna (essive singular)
-laajaiseen (essive singular)
-laajaisinna (essive plural)
-laajaisiin (essive plural)
-laajaisent (exessive singular)
-laajaisint (exessive plural)

Used to form an adjective indicating a smaller degree of the quality than that described by the suffixed adjective or determiner.


-tuin

-tuin (nominative singular)
-tuiset (nominative plural)
-tuisen (genitive singular)
-tuisiin (genitive plural)
-tuista (partitive singular)
-tuist (partitive singular)
-tuisia (partitive plural)
-tuisee (illative singular)
-tuisii (illative plural)
-tuisees (inessive singular)
-tuisiis (inessive plural)
-tuisest (elative singular)
-tuisist (elative plural)
-tuiselle (allative singular)
-tuisille (allative plural)
-tuiseel (adessive singular)
-tuisiil (adessive plural)
-tuiselt (ablative singular)
-tuisilt (ablative plural)
-tuiseks (singular translative)
-tuisiks (plural translative)
-tuisenna (essive singular)
-tuiseen (essive singular)
-tuisinna (essive plural)
-tuisiin (essive plural)
-tuisent (exessive singular)
-tuisint (exessive plural)


per- -kan

head

pêr- -kan (non-active/imperative/basic per- -kan, active memper- -kan, passive diper- -kan)

pêr- -kan (canonical)
memper- -kan (active)
diper- -kan (passive)

used to form causative benefactive aspects and transitivity on a verb

lihat (“to see”) → perlihatkan (“cause (someone) to see”)

used to form causative applicative aspects and transitivity on a verb


𐔸𐔰-

Udi: та- (ta-)

𐔸𐔰𐔼𐕘𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎 (taiġesun) (“to move away”)

𐔸𐔰𐕢𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎 (tapesun) (“to put off”)

𐔸𐔰𐔳𐔰𐕘𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎 (tadaġesun) (“to giveaway”)


𐕆𐔴-

Udi: е- (e-)

𐕆𐔴𐕘𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎 (heġesun) (“to come closer”)

𐕆𐔴𐕣𐔰𐔾𐔴𐕢𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎 (hekalepesun) (“to call hither”)

𐕆𐔴𐕍𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎 (heq̇esun) (“to take”)


-чин

mn-suffix

-чин • (-čin) (Mongolian spelling ᠴᠢᠨ (čin))

(noun-forming suffix) Forms agent nouns from nouns and verbs.


-iest

spelling of the suffix sequence -y followed by -est, or of certain words ending in -y suffixed with -est.


-rɨ

(unproductive) Indicates a certain location; at


съ-

From Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)-, from *sъ(n), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom. The /n/ persists in сънѧти (sŭnęti), from ѧти (ęti, “to take”). Compare the analogous loss of -n- in въ- (vŭ-).
Not to be confused with Proto-Slavic *sъ- (“good”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-.

(used with verbs) off, from off (describing an action of removing oneself to another location)


𑂃-

PIE word
 *n̥-
Inherited from Sanskrit अ- (a-).


сѫ-

сѫ- (sǫ-) + nominal form of сѣсти (sěsti, “to sit”) → сѫсѣдъ (sǫsědŭ, “neighbor”)

com-, con- (forms nouns denoting a connection or link)


въз-

въз- (vŭz-) + вратити (vratiti, “to turn”) → възвратити (vŭzvratiti, “to return”)


вꙑ-

вꙑ- (vy-) + ити (iti, “to go”) → вꙑити (vyiti, “to go out”)

вꙑ- (vy-) + гонити (goniti, “to chase”) → вꙑгонити (vygoniti, “to chase away”)

вꙑ- (vy-) + нести (nesti, “to bring, to carry”) → вꙑнести (vynesti, “to bring out”)

вꙑ- (vy-) + врѣщи (vrěšti, “to toss, to cast”) → вꙑврѣщи (vyvrěšti, “to throw away”)

(used with verbs) out, out from (describing an action of moving outside from inside)


въс-

Alternative form of въз- (vŭz-) (before voiceless consonants)


оу-

оу- (u-) + тещи (tešti, “to run”) → оутещи (utešti, “to run away, escape”)

оу- (u-) + говорити impf (govoriti, “to say”) → оуговорити pf (ugovoriti, “to persuade”)

оу- (u-) + знати impf (znati, “to know”) → оузнати pf (uznati, “to get to know”)


-𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎

Udi: -сун (-sun)

Developed from -𐕚 (-s, infinitive suffix) + -𐕒𐕡𐕎 (-un, genitive suffix)

affix

𐔱𐔰𐕚𐕄𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎

𐔱𐔰𐔸𐕣𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎


-ż

Polish: -ż

albo + -ż → alboż


-ż

co + -ż → cóż


-ż

jakô + -ż → jakóż


-개

지우 (jiu-, “to erase”) + 개 (-gae) → 지우개 (jiugae, “eraser”)

덮 (deop-, “to cover”) + 개 (-gae) → 덮개 (deopgae, “covering”)

Attaches to verbal stems to derive agentive nouns.


-gü

From Ottoman Turkish ـگی (-gi), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـکو (-gü), from Proto-Turkic *-gü.

övmek (“to praise”) + -gü → övgü (“praise, adoration”)

görmek (“to see”) + -gü → görgü (“morality”)

örmek (“to knit”) + -gü → örgü (“braid, something knit”)

Suffix creating a new word related to its root.


-게

Alternative form of 개 (-gae, “[agentive suffix]”)


míkró-

From Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”).


prea-

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic прѣ- (prě-), from Proto-Slavic *per-.

bor+

prea- + mări (“to enlarge”) → preamări (“to glorify”)

prefix added to adjectives or verbs to indicate exaggeration; over-


-ztwo

-ztwo (nominative singular)
-ztwa (nominative plural)
-ztwa (genitive singular)
-ztw (genitive plural)
-ztwu (dative singular)
-ztwom (dative plural)
-ztwo (accusative singular)
-ztwa (accusative plural)
-ztwem (instrumental singular)
-ztwami (instrumental plural)
-ztwie (locative singular)
-ztwach (locative plural)
-ztwo (singular vocative)
-ztwa (plural vocative)


-tasun

From earlier -tarzun (still in use in the north), from -tar (“ethnonymic suffix”) + -zun (“suffix of unknown meaning also present in -kizun, of the same meaning”).

compound

suffix of unknown meaning also present in <i class="Latn mention" lang="eu">-kizun</i>, of the same meaning

eder (“beautiful”) + -tasun → edertasun (“beauty”)

luze (“long”) + -tasun → luzetasun (“length”)


-이

From Middle Korean 이 (i), of variable pitch depending on the stem being attached to. Lee Ki-Moon and S. Roberts Ramsey notes that it is "probably from the same etymological source" as the bound noun for "person".

(endearing) A suffix attached to consonant-final personal names; compare English -y as in Johnny. See also Usage Notes.


-ᛃᚨᛉ

Old Norse: -ir

The agent noun suffix -ᚨᛉ (-aʀ) when found after class 1 weak verbs.

ᚱᚨᚢᚾᛁᛃᚨᚾ (*raunijan, “to test”) + -ᛃᚨᛉ (-jaʀ) → ᚱᚨᚢᚾᛁᛃᚨᛉ (raunijaʀ, “tester”)

class 1 weak verbs
Category:Proto-Norse class 1 weak verbs

used to create agent nouns from class 1 weak verbs


-𐌴𐌹𐍃

-eis (romanization)
-𐌴𐌹𐍃 (nominative singular)
-𐌾𐍉𐍃 (nominative plural)
-𐌹 (singular vocative)
-i (singular vocative)
-𐌾𐍉𐍃 (plural vocative)
-𐌹 (accusative singular)
-i (accusative singular)
-𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍃 (accusative plural)
-𐌴𐌹𐍃 (genitive singular)
-𐌾𐌴 (genitive plural)
-𐌾𐌰 (dative singular)
-𐌾𐌰𐌼 (dative plural)
-𐌴𐌹𐍃 (masculine nominative singular)
-𐌹 (feminine nominative singular)
-i (feminine nominative singular)
-𐌹 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐌾𐌰𐍄𐌰 (neuter nominative singular)
-i (neuter nominative singular)
-jata (neuter nominative singular)
-𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌰 (accusative masculine singular)
-𐌾𐌰 (accusative feminine singular)
-𐌹 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐌾𐌰𐍄𐌰 (accusative neuter singular)
-i (accusative neuter singular)
-jata (accusative neuter singular)
-𐌴𐌹𐍃 (genitive masculine singular)
-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 (feminine genitive singular)
-𐌴𐌹𐍃 (genitive neuter singular)
-𐌾𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 (dative masculine singular)
-𐌾𐌰𐌹 (dative feminine singular)
-𐌾𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 (dative neuter singular)
-𐌾𐌰𐌹 (masculine nominative plural)
-𐌾𐍉𐍃 (feminine nominative plural)
-𐌾𐌰 (neuter nominative plural)
-𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍃 (accusative masculine plural)
-𐌾𐍉𐍃 (accusative feminine plural)
-𐌾𐌰 (accusative neuter plural)
-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 (genitive masculine plural)
-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉 (feminine genitive plural)
-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 (genitive neuter plural)
-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼 (dative masculine plural)
-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼 (dative feminine plural)
-𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼 (dative neuter plural)
-𐌾𐌰 (masculine nominative singular)
-𐌾𐍉 (feminine nominative singular)
-𐌾𐍉 (neuter nominative singular)
-𐌾𐌰𐌽 (accusative masculine singular)
-𐌾𐍉𐌽 (accusative feminine singular)
-𐌾𐍉 (accusative neuter singular)
-𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍃 (genitive masculine singular)
-𐌾𐍉𐌽𐍃 (feminine genitive singular)
-𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍃 (genitive neuter singular)
-𐌾𐌹𐌽 (dative masculine singular)
-𐌾𐍉𐌽 (dative feminine singular)
-𐌾𐌹𐌽 (dative neuter singular)
-𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍃 (masculine nominative plural)
-𐌾𐍉𐌽𐍃 (feminine nominative plural)
-𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌰 (neuter nominative plural)
-𐌾𐍉𐌽𐍃 (accusative feminine plural)
-𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌰 (accusative neuter plural)
-𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌴 (genitive masculine plural)
-𐌾𐍉𐌽𐍉 (feminine genitive plural)
-𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌴 (genitive neuter plural)
-𐌾𐌰𐌼 (dative masculine plural)
-𐌾𐍉𐌼 (dative feminine plural)
-𐌾𐌰𐌼 (dative neuter plural)


sots-

Inherited from Latin subtus, which gives the archaic preposition sots, nowadays replaced by sota.

sots- + director (“director”) → sotsdirector (“subdirector”)


-hkia

head

-hkia (front vowel harmony variant -hkiä, stem -hki-, linguistic notation -hki- or -hkiA)

-hkiä (front-vowel)
-hki- (stem)
-hkin (first-person indicative positive present singular)
en -hki (first-person indicative negative present singular)
olen -hkinut (first-person indicative perfect positive singular)
en ole -hkinut (first-person indicative negative perfect singular)
-hkit (indicative positive present second-person singular)
et -hki (indicative negative present second-person singular)
olet -hkinut (indicative perfect positive second-person singular)
et ole -hkinut (indicative negative perfect second-person singular)
-hkii (indicative positive present singular third-person)
ei -hki (indicative negative present singular third-person)
on -hkinut (indicative perfect positive singular third-person)
ei ole -hkinut (indicative negative perfect singular third-person)
-hkimme (first-person indicative plural positive present)
emme -hki (first-person indicative negative plural present)
olemme -hkineet (first-person indicative perfect plural positive)
emme ole -hkineet (first-person indicative negative perfect plural)
-hkitte (indicative plural positive present second-person)
ette -hki (indicative negative plural present second-person)
olette -hkineet (indicative perfect plural positive second-person)
ette ole -hkineet (indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
-hkivat (indicative plural positive present third-person)
eivät -hki (indicative negative plural present third-person)
ovat -hkineet (indicative perfect plural positive third-person)
eivät ole -hkineet (indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
-hkitaan (indicative passive positive present)
ei -hkita (indicative negative passive present)
on -hkittu (indicative passive perfect positive)
ei ole -hkittu (indicative negative passive perfect)
-hkin (first-person indicative past positive singular)
en -hkinut (first-person indicative negative past singular)
olin -hkinut (first-person indicative pluperfect positive singular)
en ollut -hkinut (first-person indicative negative pluperfect singular)
-hkit (indicative past positive second-person singular)
et -hkinut (indicative negative past second-person singular)
olit -hkinut (indicative pluperfect positive second-person singular)
et ollut -hkinut (indicative negative pluperfect second-person singular)
-hki (indicative past positive singular third-person)
ei -hkinut (indicative negative past singular third-person)
oli -hkinut (indicative pluperfect positive singular third-person)
ei ollut -hkinut (indicative negative pluperfect singular third-person)
-hkimme (first-person indicative past plural positive)
emme -hkineet (first-person indicative negative past plural)
olimme -hkineet (first-person indicative pluperfect plural positive)
emme olleet -hkineet (first-person indicative negative pluperfect plural)
-hkitte (indicative past plural positive second-person)
ette -hkineet (indicative negative past plural second-person)
olitte -hkineet (indicative pluperfect plural positive second-person)
ette olleet -hkineet (indicative negative pluperfect plural second-person)
-hkivat (indicative past plural positive third-person)
eivät -hkineet (indicative negative past plural third-person)
olivat -hkineet (indicative pluperfect plural positive third-person)
eivät olleet -hkineet (indicative negative pluperfect plural third-person)
-hkittiin (indicative passive past positive)
ei -hkittu (indicative negative passive past)
oli -hkittu (indicative passive pluperfect positive)
ei ollut -hkittu (indicative negative passive pluperfect)
-hkisin (conditional first-person positive present singular)
en -hkisi (conditional first-person negative present singular)
olisin -hkinut (conditional first-person perfect positive singular)
en olisi -hkinut (conditional first-person negative perfect singular)
-hkisit (conditional positive present second-person singular)
et -hkisi (conditional negative present second-person singular)
olisit -hkinut (conditional perfect positive second-person singular)
et olisi -hkinut (conditional negative perfect second-person singular)
-hkisi (conditional positive present singular third-person)
ei -hkisi (conditional negative present singular third-person)
olisi -hkinut (conditional perfect positive singular third-person)
ei olisi -hkinut (conditional negative perfect singular third-person)
-hkisimme (conditional first-person plural positive present)
emme -hkisi (conditional first-person negative plural present)
olisimme -hkineet (conditional first-person perfect plural positive)
emme olisi -hkineet (conditional first-person negative perfect plural)
-hkisitte (conditional plural positive present second-person)
ette -hkisi (conditional negative plural present second-person)
olisitte -hkineet (conditional perfect plural positive second-person)
ette olisi -hkineet (conditional negative perfect plural second-person)
-hkisivat (conditional plural positive present third-person)
eivät -hkisi (conditional negative plural present third-person)
olisivat -hkineet (conditional perfect plural positive third-person)
eivät olisi -hkineet (conditional negative perfect plural third-person)
-hkittaisiin (conditional passive positive present)
ei -hkittaisi (conditional negative passive present)
olisi -hkittu (conditional passive perfect positive)
ei olisi -hkittu (conditional negative passive perfect)
-hki (imperative positive present second-person singular)
älä -hki (imperative negative present second-person singular)
-hkikoon (imperative positive present singular third-person)
älköön -hkiko (imperative negative present singular third-person)
olkoon -hkinut (imperative perfect positive singular third-person)
älköön olko -hkinut (imperative negative perfect singular third-person)
-hkikaamme (first-person imperative plural positive present)
älkäämme -hkiko (first-person imperative negative plural present)
-hkikaa (imperative plural positive present second-person)
älkää -hkiko (imperative negative plural present second-person)
-hkikoot (imperative plural positive present third-person)
älkööt -hkiko (imperative negative plural present third-person)
olkoot -hkineet (imperative perfect plural positive third-person)
älkööt olko -hkineet (imperative negative perfect plural third-person)
-hkittakoon (imperative passive positive present)
älköön -hkittako (imperative negative passive present)
olkoon -hkittu (imperative passive perfect positive)
älköön olko -hkittu (imperative negative passive perfect)
-hkinen (first-person positive potential present singular)
en -hkine (first-person negative potential present singular)
lienen -hkinut (first-person perfect positive potential singular)
en liene -hkinut (first-person negative perfect potential singular)
-hkinet (positive potential present second-person singular)
et -hkine (negative potential present second-person singular)
lienet -hkinut (perfect positive potential second-person singular)
et liene -hkinut (negative perfect potential second-person singular)
-hkinee (positive potential present singular third-person)
ei -hkine (negative potential present singular third-person)
lienee -hkinut (perfect positive potential singular third-person)
ei liene -hkinut (negative perfect potential singular third-person)
-hkinemme (first-person plural positive potential present)
emme -hkine (first-person negative plural potential present)
lienemme -hkineet (first-person perfect plural positive potential)
emme liene -hkineet (first-person negative perfect plural potential)
-hkinette (plural positive potential present second-person)
ette -hkine (negative plural potential present second-person)
lienette -hkineet (perfect plural positive potential second-person)
ette liene -hkineet (negative perfect plural potential second-person)
-hkinevat (plural positive potential present third-person)
eivät -hkine (negative plural potential present third-person)
lienevät -hkineet (perfect plural positive potential third-person)
eivät liene -hkineet (negative perfect plural potential third-person)
-hkittaneen (passive positive potential present)
ei -hkittane (negative passive potential present)
lienee -hkittu (passive perfect positive potential)
ei liene -hkittu (negative passive perfect potential)
-hkia (infinitive infinitive-i)
-hkiva (active participle present)
-hkittava (participle passive present)
-hkiakseni (first-person possessive singular)
-hkiaksemme (first-person plural possessive)
-hkiaksesi (possessive second-person singular)
-hkiaksenne (plural possessive second-person)
-hkiakseen (possessive third-person)
-hkiaksensa (possessive third-person)
-hkinut (infinitive-i-long past)
-hkittu (infinitive-i-long past)
-hkiessa (inessive second-person)
-hkittaessa (inessive second-person)
-hkima (agent)
-hkiessani (first-person possessive singular)
-hkiessamme (first-person plural possessive)
-hkiessasi (possessive second-person singular)
-hkiessanne (plural possessive second-person)
-hkiessaan (possessive third-person)
-hkiessansa (possessive third-person)
-hkimaton (inessive negative second-person)
-hkien (instructive second-person)
-hkimassa (inessive third-person)
-hkimasta (elative third-person)
-hkimaan (illative third-person)
-hkimalla (adessive third-person)
-hkimatta (abessive third-person)
-hkiman (instructive third-person)
-hkittaman (instructive third-person)
-hkiminen (fourth-person noun-from-verb)
-hkimaisillani (first-person possessive singular)
-hkimaisillamme (first-person plural possessive)
-hkimaisillasi (possessive second-person singular)
-hkimaisillanne (plural possessive second-person)
-hkimaisillaan (possessive third-person)
-hkimaisillansa (possessive third-person)

Re-extraction from -kaa verbs (such as puhkaa) + -ia

voih (“oh”) + -hkia → voihkia (“to moan”)

röh (“oink”) + -hkia → röhkiä (“to oink, make pig noises”)


짓-

Prefix attached to verbs, denoting "carelessly, recklessly"

Prefix attached to nouns, denoting "extreme, excessive"


-ipen

From Prakrit -𑀇𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀡 (-ippaṇa), from Sanskrit -इत्वन (-itvana).

sasto (“healthy”) + -ipen → sastipen (“health”)

Used to form abstract nouns, usually from adjectives, denoting quality or state; -ness


-æmia

Dated form of -aemia.; Alternative form of -emia


-aancho

agara (“to guard”) + -aancho → agaraancho (“guardian”)

Used to form singular agentive nouns from verbs.

ofolla (“to sit”) + -aancho → ofollaancho (“seat”)

Used to form singular instrumental nouns from verbs.


-𐕒𐕡𐕘

𐔰𐕎𐔲𐔴𐔾𐕒𐕚 (angelos, “angel”) + -𐕒𐕡𐕘 (-uġ) → 𐔰𐕎𐔲𐔴𐔾𐕒𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕘 (angelosuġ, “angels”)

Used to form plurals of nouns in oblique case


-𐕀𐕒𐕡𐔿

𐔱𐔽𐔰𐕇 (bˁax̣, “judgement”) + -𐕀𐕒𐕡𐔿 (-xun') → 𐔱𐔽𐔰𐕇𐔴𐕀𐕒𐕡𐔿 (bˁax̣exun', “court”), literally place of judgement


-𐕄𐔴

From Middle Persian AYK (kū), cognate with Northern Kurdish ku, Persian که and Azerbaijani ki.

𐕆𐔰𐕌𐕒𐕖 (hamoč, “what time”) + -𐕄𐔴 (-ḳe) → 𐕆𐔰𐕌𐕒𐕖𐕄𐔴 (hamočḳe, “when”)

that; subordinates a clause to a main clause


natr-

Alternative form of natro- (before a vowel)


𑂥𑂵-

Borrowed from Classical Persian بی (bē).


-шиносӣ

-шиносӣ • (-šinosi) (Persian spelling ـشناسی)

-šinosi (romanization)
spelling ـشناسی (Persian)


ইঙ্গ-

ইঙ্গ- • (iṅgô-)

Shortening of ইংরেজ (iṅrej), influenced by English Anglo-.


-fília

ca-noun

-fília f (noun-forming suffix, plural -fílies)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek φιλία (philía, “friendship, affection, love”).


-fília

nominative
-fília (singular)
-fílie (plural)
genitive
-fílie (singular)
-fílií (plural)
dative
-fílii (singular)
-fíliám (plural)
accusative
-fíliu (singular)
locative
-fíliách (plural)
instrumental
-fíliou (singular)
-fíliami (plural)


-иче

Suffix appended to feminine nouns, to create a diminutive form.


-haidu

-haidu (nominative singular)
-haidiwi (nominative plural)
-haidō (nominative plural)
-haidu (accusative singular)
-haidū (accusative plural)
-haidō (genitive singular)
-haidiwō (genitive plural)
-haidiwi (dative singular)
-haidō (dative singular)
-haidum (dative plural)
-haidu (instrumental singular)
-haidum (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: -hād (m.a-stem)
Middle English: -had, -hod, -hed, -hede
English: -hood; -head
Scots: -heid

Old Frisian: -hēd (f.i-stem)

Saterland Frisian: -haid, -gaid

West Frisian: -heid

Old Saxon: -hēd (f.i-stem; mf.u-stem)
Middle Low German: -heit
German Low German: -heet, -het
East Frisian: -heid
Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommerisch, Paderbornisch: -heit
→ Danish: -hed
→ Icelandic: -heit
→ Norwegian Bokmål: -het
→ Swedish: -het

Old Dutch: *-hēd, *-heid (f.i-stem)

Middle Dutch: -heit

Dutch: -heid
Afrikaans: -heid

Old High German: -heit (f.i-stem)

Middle High German: -heit

Alemannic German: -heit, -keit

German: -heit, -keit

Yiddish: ־הייט (-heyt), ־קייט (-keyt)

-hood. Forms nouns denoting the condition or quality from nouns and adjectives.


wiþra-

Old English: wiþer-, wider-
Middle English: wither-
English: wither- (dialectal)
Scots: weather-, wother-, widder-

Old Frisian: wither-

Saterland Frisian: wier-

West Frisian: wjer-, wer-

Old Saxon: withar-

Middle Low German: wedder-

German Low German: weer-

Old Dutch: wither-

Middle Dutch: weder-

Dutch: weer-, weder-

Old High German: widar-

Middle High German: wider-

German: wider-, wieder-


-bent

en trebent pall

legged (having a certain type or number of legs)


-𑂄𑂯𑂗

-ness, Forms abstract nouns from verb and nominal stems.


-𐕌𐕒𐕡𐕀

𐕘𐔰𐕙 (ġar, “child”) + -𐕌𐕒𐕡𐕀 (-mux) → 𐕘𐔰𐕙𐕌𐕒𐕡𐕀 (ġarmux, “children”)

𐔸𐕒𐕡𐕙 (tur, “foot”) + -𐕌𐕒𐕡𐕀 (-mux) → 𐔸𐕒𐕡𐕙𐕌𐕒𐕡𐕀 (turmux, “feet”)

𐕢𐕒𐕡𐔾 (pul, “eye”) + -𐕌𐕒𐕡𐕀 (-mux) → 𐕢𐕒𐕡𐔾𐕌𐕒𐕡𐕀 (pulmux, “eyes”)


-otać

-otać (infinitive)
-oczę (present singular)
-oczemy (plural present)
-oczesz (present singular)
-oczecie (plural present)
-ocze (present singular third-person)
-oczą (plural present third-person)
-ocze się (impersonal present)
-otałem (masculine past singular)
-(e)m -otał (masculine past singular)
-otałam (feminine past singular)
-(e)m -otała (feminine past singular)
-otałom (neuter past singular)
-(e)m -otało (neuter past singular)
-otaliśmy (past plural virile)
-(e)śmy -otali (past plural virile)
-otałyśmy (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)śmy -otały (nonvirile past plural)
-otałeś (masculine past singular)
-(e)ś -otał (masculine past singular)
-otałaś (feminine past singular)
-(e)ś -otała (feminine past singular)
-otałoś (neuter past singular)
-(e)ś -otało (neuter past singular)
-otaliście (past plural virile)
-(e)ście -otali (past plural virile)
-otałyście (nonvirile past plural)
-(e)ście -otały (nonvirile past plural)
-otał (masculine past singular third-person)
-otała (feminine past singular third-person)
-otało (neuter past singular third-person)
-otali (past plural third-person virile)
-otały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
-otano (impersonal past)
będę -otał (future masculine singular)
będę -otać (future masculine singular)
będę -otała (feminine future singular)
będę -otać (feminine future singular)
będę -otało (future neuter singular)
będę -otać (future neuter singular)
będziemy -otali (future plural virile)
będziemy -otać (future plural virile)
będziemy -otały (future nonvirile plural)
będziemy -otać (future nonvirile plural)
będziesz -otał (future masculine singular)
będziesz -otać (future masculine singular)
będziesz -otała (feminine future singular)
będziesz -otać (feminine future singular)
będziesz -otało (future neuter singular)
będziesz -otać (future neuter singular)
będziecie -otali (future plural virile)
będziecie -otać (future plural virile)
będziecie -otały (future nonvirile plural)
będziecie -otać (future nonvirile plural)
będzie -otał (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie -otać (future masculine singular third-person)
będzie -otała (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie -otać (feminine future singular third-person)
będzie -otało (future neuter singular third-person)
będzie -otać (future neuter singular third-person)
będą -otali (future plural third-person virile)
będą -otać (future plural third-person virile)
będą -otały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będą -otać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
będzie -otać się (future impersonal)
-otałbym (conditional masculine singular)
bym -otał (conditional masculine singular)
-otałabym (conditional feminine singular)
bym -otała (conditional feminine singular)
-otałobym (conditional neuter singular)
bym -otało (conditional neuter singular)
-otalibyśmy (conditional plural virile)
byśmy -otali (conditional plural virile)
-otałybyśmy (conditional nonvirile plural)
byśmy -otały (conditional nonvirile plural)
-otałbyś (conditional masculine singular)
byś -otał (conditional masculine singular)
-otałabyś (conditional feminine singular)
byś -otała (conditional feminine singular)
-otałobyś (conditional neuter singular)
byś -otało (conditional neuter singular)
-otalibyście (conditional plural virile)
byście -otali (conditional plural virile)
-otałybyście (conditional nonvirile plural)
byście -otały (conditional nonvirile plural)
-otałby (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by -otał (conditional masculine singular third-person)
-otałaby (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by -otała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
-otałoby (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by -otało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
-otaliby (conditional plural third-person virile)
by -otali (conditional plural third-person virile)
-otałyby (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
by -otały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
-otano by (conditional impersonal)
niech -oczę (imperative singular)
-oczmy (imperative plural)
-ocz (imperative singular)
-oczcie (imperative plural)
niech -ocze (imperative singular third-person)
niech -oczą (imperative plural third-person)
-oczący (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
-ocząca (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
-oczące (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
-oczący (active adjectival participle plural virile)
-oczące (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
-otany (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
-otana (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
-otane (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
-otani (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
-otane (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
-ocząc (adjectival contemporary participle)
-otanie (noun-from-verb)

rechot + -otać → rechotać

(obsolete) forms verbs, often onomatopoeic in nature


-ybė

-ybė (nominative singular)
-ybės (nominative plural)
-ybės (genitive singular)
-ybių (genitive plural)
-ybei (dative singular)
-ybėms (dative plural)
-ybę (accusative singular)
-ybes (accusative plural)
-ybe (instrumental singular)
-ybėmis (instrumental plural)
-ybėje (locative singular)
-ybėse (locative plural)
-ybe (singular vocative)
-ybės (plural vocative)

Related to Lithuanian -yba, Latvian -ība.


-ingas

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kas, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Cognate with Latvian -īgs.

ugnis (“fire”) + -ingas → ugningas (“fiery”)

Added to nouns or verbs to derive adjectives with the meaning 'typical of' or 'characterized by' the original noun: like English -ic, -ical, -y


-utis

-učiai (plural)
-utė (feminine)
-utis (nominative singular)
-učiai (nominative plural)
-učio (genitive singular)
-učių (genitive plural)
-učiui (dative singular)
-učiams (dative plural)
-utį (accusative singular)
-učius (accusative plural)
-učiu (instrumental singular)
-učiais (instrumental plural)
-utyje (locative singular)
-učiuose (locative plural)
-uti (singular vocative)
-učiai (plural vocative)

forms diminutives, usually from masculine nouns.


-utė

-utės (plural)
-utis (masculine)
-utė (nominative singular)
-utės (nominative plural)
-utės (genitive singular)
-učių (genitive plural)
-utei (dative singular)
-utėms (dative plural)
-utę (accusative singular)
-utes (accusative plural)
-ute (instrumental singular)
-utėmis (instrumental plural)
-utėje (locative singular)
-utėse (locative plural)
-ute (singular vocative)
-utės (plural vocative)

suirti (“to fall apart”) + -utė = suirutė (“social chaos”)

(non-productive, rare) forms abstract nouns from verbs


intestino-

From international scientific vocabulary, from New Latin, from intestine + -o-.

Coordinate term: gastro-

Near-synonyms: enter-, entero-

intestinointestinal

intestinovesical

(biology, medicine) Of or relating to an intestine.


-ǭ

-ǭ (nominative singular)
-ōniz (nominative plural)
-ǭ (singular vocative)
-ōniz (plural vocative)
-ōnų (accusative singular)
-ōnunz (accusative plural)
-ōniz (genitive singular)
-ōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
-ōni (dative singular)
-ōmaz (dative plural)
-ōnē (instrumental singular)
-ōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *-ā

Old English: -e

Old Frisian: -e

Old Saxon: -a

Old Dutch: -a

Old High German: -a

Old Norse: -a

Icelandic: -a

Old Swedish: -a

Swedish: -a

Gothic: -𐍉 (-ō)

Partial merger of Proto-Indo-European *-ō(n) and Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ (see also *-ō). The former originally conjugated as Proto-Indo-European amphikinetic n-stems, but because of the *ā > *ō sound change they came to coincide with the latter in the nominative singular, which lead to the suffix ablaut being lost. Why the feminine and masculine *-ō(n) sounded differently in Germanic though, despite having originally sounded the same, is an open question.

-ess. Forms agent nouns, often from the zero-grade form of the base.


-uvas

-uvas (nominative singular)
-uvai (nominative plural)
-uvo (genitive singular)
-uvų (genitive plural)
-uvui (dative singular)
-uvams (dative plural)
-uvą (accusative singular)
-uvus (accusative plural)
-uvu (instrumental singular)
-uvais (instrumental plural)
-uve (locative singular)
-uvuose (locative plural)
-uve (singular vocative)
-uvai (plural vocative)

žadinti (“to wake up”) + -uvas → žadintuvas (“alarm clock”)

Used to derive names of tools and devices.


-tório

pt-adj

-tório (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -tória, masculine plural -tórios, feminine plural -tórias)

-tória (feminine)
-tórios (masculine plural)
-tórias (feminine plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin -tōrius, -tōrium. Doublet of -doiro and -douro.

inflamar (“to inflame”) + -tório → inflamatório (“inflammatory”)

-ory (that causes or performs the suffixed action)


-tório

pt-noun

-tório m (noun-forming suffix, plural -tórios)

-ory (that which pertains to, or serves for)


-douro

pt-adj

-douro (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -doura, masculine plural -douros, feminine plural -douras)

-doura (feminine)
-douros (masculine plural)
-douras (feminine plural)

Alteration of -doiro, inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -doiro, from Latin -tōrius, with regular metathesis of /rj/ to /jr/. Doublet of -tório.

inh+

passar (“to pass”) + -douro → passadouro (“passing”)

render (“to yield, produce”) + -douro → rendedouro (“that will produce in great quantities”)

performing or undergoing an action that will be completed in the future

casar (“to marry”) + -douro → casadouro (“old enough to be married”)

that is liable or deserving of undergoing an action; -able


-douro

pt-noun

-douro m (noun-forming suffix, plural -douros)

Alteration of -doiro, inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -doiro, from Latin -tōrium (neuter of -tōrius), with regular metathesis of /rj/ to /jr/.

matar (“to kill”) + -douro → matadouro (“slaughterhouse”)

comer (“to eat”) + -douro → comedouro (“a place where animals feed”)

respirar (“to breathe”) + -douro → respiradouro (“vent”)

forms the name of places or features where an activity (expressed by the suffixed verb) occurs

varrer (“to sweep”) + -douro → varredouro (“oven broom”)

(uncommon) forms the name of tools used to perform an activity (expressed by the suffixed verb)


episio-

From Ancient Greek ἐπίσιον (epísion, “pubic region”).

der

(medicine) Refers to the vulvar or perineal area in relation to the surgical procedures episiotomy, episiorrhaphy, or episioplasty.


Normanno-

I ſhall only beg leave to obſerve by the way, that before the diſtinction of Dano-Saxon, and Normanno-Saxon, there were doubtleſs ſeveral Dialects, or Proprieties of Speech introduced by thoſe ſeveral Nations, of the Saxons, Angli, and Jutæ, or Geatæ, who took Poſſeſſion of the Iſland, and of thoſe other Colonies that were called. out of Germany; […]

1715, Elizabeth Elstob, “Of the Dialects”, in The Rudiments of Grammar for the English-Saxon Tongue, First Given in English: […], London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer: And Sold by J. Bowyer […], and C. King […], page 65:

This most eminent representative of the Normanno-Sicilian school of falconry […]

1990, Christopher Harper-Bill, Ruth Harvey, The Ideals and Practice of Medieval Knighthood III, page 82:

The Normanno-Russian Great Princes of Kijev, as well as the Volga Bulgarians, were the vassals of the Xazars.

1995, Karl Heinrich Menges, The Turkic Languages and Peoples, page 30:

Normandy, the Normans, or the Norman language.


-ficare

it-verb

-ficàre (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -fico, first-person singular past historic -ficài, past participle -ficàto, auxiliary avére)

-ficàre (canonical)
-fico (first-person present singular)
-ficài (first-person historic past singular)
-ficàto (participle past)
avére (auxiliary)
-ficàre (infinitive)
avére (auxiliary)
-ficàndo (gerund)
-ficànte (participle present)
-ficàto (participle past)
-fico (first-person indicative present singular)
-fichi (indicative present second-person singular)
-fica (indicative present singular third-person)
-fichiàmo (first-person indicative plural present)
-ficàte (indicative plural present second-person)
-ficano (indicative plural present third-person)
-ficàvo (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-ficàvi (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-ficàva (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-ficavàmo (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-ficavàte (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-ficàvano (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-ficài (first-person historic indicative past singular)
-ficàsti (historic indicative past second-person singular)
-ficò (historic indicative past singular third-person)
-ficàmmo (first-person historic indicative past plural)
-ficàste (historic indicative past plural second-person)
-ficàrono (historic indicative past plural third-person)
-ficherò (first-person future indicative singular)
-ficherài (future indicative second-person singular)
-ficherà (future indicative singular third-person)
-ficherémo (first-person future indicative plural)
-ficheréte (future indicative plural second-person)
-ficherànno (future indicative plural third-person)
-ficherèi (conditional first-person singular)
-ficherésti (conditional second-person singular)
-ficherèbbe (conditional singular third-person)
-ficherébbe (conditional singular third-person)
-ficherémmo (conditional first-person plural)
-ficheréste (conditional plural second-person)
-ficherèbbero (conditional plural third-person)
-ficherébbero (conditional plural third-person)
-fichi (first-person present singular subjunctive)
-fichi (present second-person singular subjunctive)
-fichi (present singular subjunctive third-person)
-fichiàmo (first-person plural present subjunctive)
-fichiàte (plural present second-person subjunctive)
-fichino (plural present subjunctive third-person)
-ficàssi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-ficàssi (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-ficàsse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-ficàssimo (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-ficàste (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-ficàssero (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-fica (imperative second-person singular)
-fichi (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
-fichiàmo (first-person imperative plural)
-ficàte (imperative plural second-person)
-fichino (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
non -ficàre (imperative negative second-person singular)
non -fichi (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
non -fichiàmo (first-person imperative negative plural)
non -ficàte (imperative negative plural second-person)
non -fichino (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)

From Latin -ficāre, apophonic compound form of faciō (“to do, make”).


-ndua

From Proto-Finnic *-ntadak. Akin to Finnish -ntaa.

Forms causative verbs from adjectives; -en, -fy


-yll

brith (“mottled”) + -yll → brithyll (“trout”)

cud (“kite”) + -yll → cudyll (“kestrel”)


-alle

head

-alle (front vowel harmony variant -älle, linguistic notation -Alle)

From -a- + -lle; see -alla for the initial component.

The sublative case suffix, used to form some adverbs.


-aip

For kaĩp, taĩp, previous attested forms were Old Lithuanian kaipo, taipo. The stems are easy to explain (kaĩ, taĩ, etc.)
* One hypothesis to explain -po is that it is cognate to Latin -pe, as in Latin quippe.
* Another hypothesis is that -po originates from the preposition põ. Compare kodė̃l, which is suffixed by a preposition that normally precedes its complement.

kitas (“another”) + -aip → kitaip (“in another way”)

Forms adverbs, with the meaning "in [such] way", from pronominal stems.


-klom

-klom (nominative singular)
-klā (nominative plural)
-klom (singular vocative)
-klā (plural vocative)
-klom (accusative singular)
-klā (accusative plural)
-klosjo (genitive singular)
-klī (genitive singular)
-klom (genitive plural)
-klōi (dative singular)
-klois (dative plural)
-klōd (ablative singular)
-klois (ablative plural)
-klei (locative singular)
-klois (locative plural)

Latin: -culum, -crum

desc

in e.g. <i class="Ital mention" lang="osc">𐌔𐌀𐌊𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌋𐌞𐌌</i> (sakaraklúm)

Oscan: -𐌊𐌋𐌞𐌌 (-klúm) (in e.g. 𐌔𐌀𐌊𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌋𐌞𐌌 (sakaraklúm))

in e.g. <i class="Ital mention" lang="xum">𐌍𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌋𐌖𐌌</i> (naraklum)

Umbrian: -𐌊𐌋𐌖𐌌 (-klum) (in e.g. 𐌍𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌋𐌖𐌌 (naraklum))

Forms nouns representing tools and instruments.


-কামী

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कामिन् (kāmin).


-च्-

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit -च्- (-c-).

used before छ (cha), only in Sanskritic formations


-ôk

rëba (“fish”) + -ôk → rëbôk (“fisherman”)

used to form nouns denoting a profession related to the suffixed noun

dzëba (“beek”) + -ôk → dzëbôk (“platypus”)

used to form nouns featuring a characteristic of the suffixed noun

grëzc (“to gnaw”) + -ôk → grëzôk (“rodent”)

used to form nouns denoting an actor of the suffixed verb


ato-

International System of Units
International System of Units

atto-: in the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10⁻¹⁸. Symbol: a


-𑀇

head

<i class="Deva mention" lang="pra">-इ</i>

𑀥𑀡 (dhaṇa, “wealth”) + -𑀇 (-i) → 𑀥𑀡𑀺 (dhaṇi, “wealthy”)

shows possession; forms nouns and adjectives


pero-

From Ancient Greek πηρός (pērós, “maimed”).

(medicine) indicates a congenital anomaly characterized by the lack of a body part


-fillo

From Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”).


-𐔼

𐔺𐕒𐕆𐔰𐕎𐔰𐕎 (yohanan, “John”) + -𐔼 (-i) → 𐔺𐕒𐕆𐔰𐕎𐔰𐕎𐔼 (yohanani, “of John”)

𐔼𐕚𐔰 (isa, “Isaiah”) + -𐔼 (-i) → 𐔼𐕚𐔰𐔼 (isai, “of Isaiah”)

Used to form genitive of singular words.


እነ-

እነ- • (ʾənnä-)

Possibly related to Ge'ez እላ (ʾəla, “who”).

(non-productive) Forms plural pronouns from their masculine singular equivalents.


elûm

akk-adj

elûm (feminine elītum, masculine plural elûtum, feminine plural eliātum, predicative elī)

elītum (feminine)
elûtum (masculine plural)
eliātum (feminine plural)
elī (predicative)

𒂊𒈝 (elum, “top”) + 𒄿 (-ī, nisba suffix).


የ-

Used to indicate the time in which an action is performed; during


-rede

English: -red

Middle Scots: -red, -ret, -rid, -rit

Scots: -red

⇒ Middle Scots: -rent

From Old English -rǣden, from rǣden; compare red (“counsel”).

Forms nouns denoting a condition or state; -ness, -hood.

Forms nouns denoting a group or collective; -dom, -ery.


-rede

-redɨkue (affirmative feminine first-person masculine singular)
-reñedɨkue (feminine first-person masculine negative singular)
-reitɨkue (affirmative feminine first-person masculine singular)
-reñeitɨkue (feminine first-person masculine negative singular)
-redo (affirmative feminine masculine second-person singular)
-reñedo (feminine masculine negative second-person singular)
-reito (affirmative feminine masculine second-person singular)
-reñeito (feminine masculine negative second-person singular)
-redɨmɨe (affirmative masculine)
-redɨñaiño (affirmative feminine)
-reñedɨmɨe (masculine negative)
-reñedɨñaiño (feminine negative)
-reitɨmɨe (affirmative masculine)
-reitɨñaiño (affirmative feminine)
-reñeitɨmɨe (masculine negative)
-reñeitɨñaiño (feminine negative)
-redɨkoko (affirmative masculine)
-redɨkaɨñaɨ (affirmative feminine)
-reñedɨkoko (masculine negative)
-reñedɨkaɨñaɨ (feminine negative)
-reitɨkoko (affirmative masculine)
-reitɨkaɨñaɨ (affirmative feminine)
-reñeitɨkoko (masculine negative)
-reñeitɨkaɨñaɨ (feminine negative)
-redomɨko (affirmative masculine)
-redomɨñoɨ (affirmative feminine)
-reñedomɨko (masculine negative)
-reñedomɨñoɨ (feminine negative)
-reitomɨko (affirmative masculine)
-reitomɨñoɨ (affirmative feminine)
-reñeitomɨko (masculine negative)
-reñeitomɨñoɨ (feminine negative)
-redaɨmaiaɨ (affirmative masculine)
-redaɨñuaɨ (affirmative feminine)
-reñedaɨmaiaɨ (masculine negative)
-reñedaɨñuaɨ (feminine negative)
-reitaɨmaiaɨ (affirmative masculine)
-reitaɨñuaɨ (affirmative feminine)
-reñeitaɨmaiaɨ (masculine negative)
-reñeitaɨñuaɨ (feminine negative)
-redɨkaɨ (affirmative feminine first-person masculine plural)
-reñedɨkaɨ (feminine first-person masculine negative plural)
-reitɨkaɨ (affirmative feminine first-person masculine plural)
-reñeitɨkaɨ (feminine first-person masculine negative plural)
-redomoɨ (affirmative feminine masculine plural second-person)
-reñedomoɨ (feminine masculine negative plural second-person)
-reitomoɨ (affirmative feminine masculine plural second-person)
-reñeitomoɨ (feminine masculine negative plural second-person)
-redɨmakɨ (affirmative feminine masculine)
-reñedɨmakɨ (feminine masculine negative)
-reitɨmakɨ (affirmative feminine masculine)
-reñeitɨmakɨ (feminine masculine negative)
-rede (affirmative feminine masculine)
-reñede (feminine masculine negative)
-reite (affirmative feminine masculine)
-reñeite (feminine masculine negative)
-reno! (imperative)
-renokai! (affirmative imperative)
-reñeno! (affirmative imperative prohibitive)
-reiza! (negative)
-reye (negative)
-rekana (negative)
-reia (conditional)
-rena (conditional)
-rekaina (conditional)


-𐕒𐕠

𐕣𐕒𐕡𐔾 (kul, “hand”) + -𐕒𐕠 (-oc) → 𐕣𐕒𐕡𐔺𐕒𐕠 (kuyoc, “from/by hand”)


-𐕀𐕒𐕠

𐔰𐔱𐕙𐔰𐕆𐔰𐕌 (abraham, “Abraham”) + -𐕀𐕒𐕠 (-xoc) → 𐔰𐔱𐕙𐔰𐕆𐔰𐕌𐔰𐕀𐕒𐕠 (abrahamaxoc, “from Abraham”)

𐔰𐕇𐕚𐔼𐔱𐔰𐔺 (ax̣sibay, “Easter”) + -𐕀𐕒𐕠 (-xoc) → 𐔰𐕇𐕚𐔼𐔱𐔰𐔺𐔰𐕀𐕒𐕠 (ax̣sibayaxoc, “from Easter”)


-𐕣

𐕣̃𐕚 (k̃s, “Christ”) + -𐕣 (-k) → 𐕣̃𐕚𐔰𐕣 (k̃sak, “by Christ”)


-𐕊

Udi: -чӏ (-č̣)

𐕙𐕒𐕡𐕘 (ruġ, “seed”) + -𐕊 (-č̣) → 𐕙𐕒𐕡𐕘𐔴𐕊 (ruġeč̣, “at the seed”)


-𐔸𐔰𐕀𐕒𐕠

Probably made from amalgamation of 𐔸𐔰- (ta-) and -𐕀𐕒𐕠 (-xoc)

𐔱𐕒𐕡𐕠𐔰𐔾 (bucal, “altar”) + -𐔸𐔰𐕀𐕒𐕠 (-taxoc) → 𐔱𐕒𐕡𐕠𐔰𐔾𐔰𐕚𐔸𐔰𐕀𐕒𐕠 (bucalastaxoc, “from the altar”)


-அகம்

denoting a place where a specific action or occupation is conducted

denoting a certain thing's area or region

demoting a certain category that a residence or building possesses (as inhabitants)


-iny

-iny (nominative plural)
-in (genitive plural)
-inom (dative plural)
-iny (accusative plural)
-inami (instrumental plural)
-inach (locative plural)
-iny (plural vocative)

imię + -iny → imieniny

forms tantum plurale nouns usually associated with a day of celebration


ψαρο-

Inherited from Byzantine Greek ψαρο- (psaro-). From ψάρ(ι) (psár(i), “fish”) + -ο- (-o-).

ψαρο- (psaro-) + ντουφέκι (ntouféki, “rifle”) → ψαροντούφεκο (psarontoúfeko, “speargun”)

ψαρό- (psaró-) + βάρκα (várka, “small boat, barca”) → ψαρόβαρκα (psaróvarka, “small fishihng boat”)


-ioun

English: -ion

Borrowed from Old French -ion, from Latin -iō, -iōnem.

(not productive) Forms nouns from French or Latin roots; -ion.


-oanje

From Latin -ōnea, -ōnia, feminine of -ōneus. Compare Romanian -oaie.

used to form the feminine of some animals, often with an augmentative effect (e.g. ursã (“bear”) + -oanje → ursoanje (“(large) she-bear”))


-onje

used to form the feminine of some animals, often with an augmentative effect (e.g. lup (“wolf”) + -onje → luponje (“(large) she-wolf”))


-tay

Neologistic suffix obtained by a splitting of the noun kurultay.

used to form neologisms for terms denoting some assembly of people


-iseren

head

-iseren (past -iseerde, past participle -iseerd)

-iseerde (past)
-iseerd (participle past)


-fugo

centro (“center”) + -fugo → centrifugo (“centrifuge”)

used to form a noun that is moved away from


-fuge

Latin febris (“fever”) + -fuge → febrifuge

Used to signify a noun that dispels or removes.


-peto

centro (“center”) + -peto → centripeto (“centripetal”)

base (“base”) + -peto → basipeto (“basipetal”)

used to indicate motion or tendency towards; -petal


vic-

Back-formation from vico (“row, sequence”).

bf

vic- + prezidento (“president”) → vicprezidento (“vice president”)

vic- + reĝo (“king”) → vicreĝo (“viceroy”)

(politics) vice, in place of; subordinate to.


-génico

es-adj

-génico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -génica, masculine plural -génicos, feminine plural -génicas)

-génica (feminine)
-génicos (masculine plural)
-génicas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from French -gènique, itself from -gène and -ique, ultimately from Ancient Greek -γενής (-genḗs) and Latin -icus.


-θρον

-thron (romanization)
-θρον (nominative singular)
-θρω (dual nominative)
-θρᾰ (nominative plural)
-θρου (genitive singular)
-θροιν (dual genitive)
-θρων (genitive plural)
-θρῳ (dative singular)
-θροιν (dative dual)
-θροις (dative plural)
-θρον (accusative singular)
-θρω (accusative dual)
-θρᾰ (accusative plural)
-θρον (singular vocative)
-θρω (dual vocative)
-θρᾰ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Hellenic *-tron ~ *-tʰron, from Proto-Indo-European *-trom ~ *-dʰrom.

Instrumental suffix, denoting an instrument or means of doing something. A synonym of -τρον (-tron). Used, for example, in πτολίεθρον (ptolíethron, “city”), ἄρθρον (árthron, “joint”), βάθρον (báthron, “basis”), κλεῖθρον (kleîthron, “fastening”).


-𐔼𐕎

Udi: -ин (-in)

𐕆𐔴𐔾 (hel, “spirit”) + -𐔼𐕎 (-in) → 𐕆𐔴𐔾𐔼𐕎 (helin, “spiritual”)

𐕀𐔰𐕐 (xaš, “light”) + -𐔼𐕎 (-in) → 𐕀𐔰𐕐𐔼𐕎 (xašin, “moon”)


-𐕈𐕍𐔴

𐔱𐔴𐕜𐔰𐔾𐔼𐕎 (beṭalin, “of divided”) + -𐕈𐕍𐔴 (-åq̇e) → 𐔱𐔴𐕜𐔰𐔾𐔼𐕎𐕈𐕍𐔴 (beṭalinåq̇e, “coheir”)

𐔰𐕐𐔰𐕙𐕄𐔴𐔸𐕒𐕡𐕎 (ašarḳetun, “of disciple”) + -𐕈𐕍𐔴 (-åq̇e) → 𐔰𐕐𐔰𐕙𐕄𐔴𐔸𐕒𐕡𐕎𐕈𐕍𐔴 (ašarḳetunåq̇e, “fellow disciple”)

Suffix used to denote fellowship or partnership


ill-

From Old Swedish ill- (“evil”). Attested since end of the 13th century. Related to illa.

ill- + grön (“green”) → illgrön (“very green”)

ill- + tjut (“shriek; howl”) → illtjut (“loud shriek”)


nebe-

From the particle nèbe (“not anymore, no longer”).

nebe- + norė́ti (“to want”) → nebenorė́ti (“to not want anymore”)

nebe- + verkiù (“I am crying”) → nebeverkiù (“I am not crying anymore”)

Used on all verb forms to indicate that the action no longer occurs.


-lastig

Wort (“word”) + -lastig → wortlastig (“wordy”)

Theorie (“theory”) + -lastig → theorielastig (“theory-heavy”)

(figuratively) laden with something, -heavy


æl-

Middle English: all-, al-

English: all-, al-

Scots: a'-, aw- au-

From Proto-West Germanic *ala-, from Proto-Germanic *ala- (“all, whole”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“other, beyond”), related to Proto-Germanic *allaz (“all”), which comes from *h₂elnós.

der

æl- + gylden (“golden”) → ælgylden (“made of pure gold”)

æl- + miht (“power”) → ælmiht (“omnipotence”)

æl- + mihtiġ (“powerful”) → ælmihtiġ (“all-powerful”)

æl- + nīewe (“new”) → ælnīewe (“brand new”)

æl- + mierca (“dark”) → ælmierca (“black person”)

æl- + fela (“many”) → ælfela (“very many”)


-yzacja

-yzacja (nominative singular)
-yzacje (nominative plural)
-yzacji (genitive singular)
-yzacji (genitive plural)
-yzacyj (archaic genitive plural)
-yzacji (dative singular)
-yzacjom (dative plural)
-yzację (accusative singular)
-yzacje (accusative plural)
-yzacją (instrumental singular)
-yzacjami (instrumental plural)
-yzacji (locative singular)
-yzacjach (locative plural)
-yzacjo (singular vocative)
-yzacje (plural vocative)

dialekt + -yzacja → dialektyzacja

Alternative form of -izacja, used after certain consonants to maintain hardness


-synt

nära (“near”) + -synt → närsynt (“near-sighted”)


-owicz

-owicz (nominative singular)
-owicze (nominative plural)
-owicza (genitive singular)
-owiczy (genitive plural)
-owiczowi (dative singular)
-owiczom (dative plural)
-owicza (accusative singular)
-owiczy (accusative plural)
-owiczem (instrumental singular)
-owiczami (instrumental plural)
-owiczu (locative singular)
-owiczach (locative plural)
-owiczu (singular vocative)
-owicze (plural vocative)

From Old Polish -owic, from Proto-Slavic *-ovъ + Proto-Slavic *-iťь. Change from -owic to -owicz due to East Slavic influence. Compare Serbo-Croatian -ović.

randka + -owicz → randkowicz

forms masculine nouns, usually agentitive in nature


-ச்சி

Cognate with Malayalam -ച (-ca), -ച്ച (-cca).

Used to form nouns of being or condition from other nouns or verbs; equivalent to English -ment.


-𐔴𐕎

Udi: -ен (-en)


-𐕒𐕡

𐕍𐔰𐕙 (q̇ar, “tribe”) + -𐕒𐕡 (-u) → 𐕍𐔰𐕙𐕒𐕡 (q̇aru)

𐔼𐕖 (ič, “self”) + -𐕒𐕡 (-u) → 𐔼𐕖𐕒𐕡 (iču)


-сюрӧ

head

-сюрӧ • (-śurö)

From сюрӧ (śurö, “(s)he finds oneself”).

код (kod, “who?”) + -сюрӧ (-śurö) → кодсюрӧ (kodśurö, “anyone”)

мый (myj, “what?”) + -сюрӧ (-śurö) → мыйсюрӧ (myjśurö, “anything”)

Used to form indefinite pronouns from interrogative pronouns; any-


-𐔿𐔰

𐕌𐔴𐔵𐔰𐔼𐔵𐕒𐕡𐔵 (mezaizuz, “Mezezius”) + -𐔿𐔰 (-n'a) → 𐕌𐔴𐔵𐔰𐔼𐔵𐕒𐕡𐔵𐔿𐔰 (mezaizuzn'a, “Coin of Mezezius”)

𐕜𐔽𐔴𐔲 (ṭˁeg, “sign”) + -𐔿𐔰 (-n'a) → 𐕜𐔽𐔴𐔲𐔿𐔰 (ṭˁegn'a, “related to sign”)


-нутӏ

-нутӏ • (-nuṭ)

бихаджугъ (biχaǯuɣ, “God”) + -нутӏ (-nuṭ) → бихаджухнутӏ (biχaǯuχnuṭ, “Godless, unbeliever”)

шӏум (š:um, “bread”) + -нутӏ (-nuṭ) → шӏумнутӏ (š:umnuṭ, “breadless”)


-истий

-́истий or -и́стий • (-́ystyj or -ýstyj)

-́истий (canonical)
-и́стий (canonical)
-́ystyj (romanization)
-ýstyj (romanization)
-́истий (masculine nominative)
-и́стий (masculine nominative)
-́исте (neuter nominative)
-и́сте (neuter nominative)
-́иста (feminine nominative)
-и́ста (feminine nominative)
-́исті (nominative plural)
-и́сті (nominative plural)
-́истого (genitive masculine neuter)
-и́стого (genitive masculine neuter)
-́истої (feminine genitive)
-и́стої (feminine genitive)
-́истих (genitive plural)
-и́стих (genitive plural)
-́истому (dative masculine neuter)
-и́стому (dative masculine neuter)
-́истій (dative feminine)
-и́стій (dative feminine)
-́истим (dative plural)
-и́стим (dative plural)
-́истого (accusative animate masculine)
-и́стого (accusative animate masculine)
-́исте (accusative neuter)
-и́сте (accusative neuter)
-́исту (accusative feminine)
-и́сту (accusative feminine)
-́истих (accusative animate plural)
-и́стих (accusative animate plural)
-́истий (accusative inanimate masculine)
-и́стий (accusative inanimate masculine)
-́исті (accusative inanimate plural)
-и́сті (accusative inanimate plural)
-́истим (instrumental masculine neuter)
-и́стим (instrumental masculine neuter)
-́истою (feminine instrumental)
-и́стою (feminine instrumental)
-́истими (instrumental plural)
-и́стими (instrumental plural)
-́истому (locative masculine neuter)
-́истім (locative masculine neuter)
-и́стому (locative masculine neuter)
-и́стім (locative masculine neuter)
-́истій (feminine locative)
-и́стій (feminine locative)
-́истих (locative plural)
-и́стих (locative plural)

uk-adecl

((-́истий,-и́стий))

From Proto-Slavic *-itъ / *-istъ. Compare Russian -истый (-istyj), Belarusian -ысты (-ysty) and -істы (-isty), Polish -ysty and -isty.

гора́ (horá) + -истий (-ystyj) → гори́стий (horýstyj)

м'я́со (mʺjáso) + -истий (-ystyj) → м'яси́стий (mʺjasýstyj)

adjective-forming suffix, added to nouns, indicating having the property of that noun


-𐕣𐔰

𐔵𐕒𐕡 (zu, “I, me”) + -𐕣𐔰 (-ka) → 𐔵𐔰𐕣𐔰 (zaka, “by me”)

𐕒 (o, “he”) + -𐕣𐔰 (-ka) → 𐕒𐕒𐕡𐕣𐔰 (ouka, “towards him”)

adessive case suffix, used to denote 'source' of any act or a function related to by


-кӧ

Used to form indefinite pronouns from interrogative pronouns; some-


betweox-

betweox- + āworpen (“thrown out”) + -nes (“-ness”) → betweoxāworpennes (“interjection”)

betweox- + āleged (“laid down”) + -nes (“-ness”) → betweoxālegednes (“interposition, interjection”)

betweox- + blinnan (“stop”) + -nes (“-ness”) → betweoxblinnes (“intermission”)

betweox- + forlǣtan (“let, leave”) + -nes (“-ness”) → betweoxforlǣtnes (“intermission”)


-pwyd

(literary) verb suffix for the impersonal preterite


انہ

Borrowed from Classical Persian ـانه (-āna).

bor+

دوست (dost, “friend”) + انہ → دوستانہ (dostānah, “friendly”)

(somewhat productive) -ly, like ..., forms adjectives


-ക്കുക

നടക്കുക നടക്കുക#Malayalam

നിൽക്കുക നിൽക്കുക#Malayalam

verb formative suffix; eg നടക്കുക (naṭakkuka) "to walk", നിൽക്കുക (nilkkuka) "to stand".


-ywny

-ywny (masculine nominative singular)
-ywna (feminine nominative singular)
-ywne (neuter nominative singular)
-ywni (nominative plural virile)
-ywne (nominative plural)
-ywnego (genitive masculine singular)
-ywnej (feminine genitive singular)
-ywnego (genitive neuter singular)
-ywnych (genitive plural)
-ywnych (genitive plural virile)
-ywnemu (dative masculine singular)
-ywnej (dative feminine singular)
-ywnemu (dative neuter singular)
-ywnym (dative plural)
-ywnym (dative plural virile)
-ywnego (accusative animate masculine singular)
-ywny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
-ywną (accusative feminine singular)
-ywne (accusative neuter singular)
-ywnych (accusative plural virile)
-ywne (accusative plural)
-ywnym (instrumental masculine singular)
-ywną (feminine instrumental singular)
-ywnym (instrumental neuter singular)
-ywnymi (instrumental plural)
-ywnymi (instrumental plural virile)
-ywnym (locative masculine singular)
-ywnej (feminine locative singular)
-ywnym (locative neuter singular)
-ywnych (locative plural)
-ywnych (locative plural virile)

afekt + -ywny → afektywny


-ownica

-ownica (nominative singular)
-ownice (nominative plural)
-ownicy (genitive singular)
-ownic (genitive plural)
-ownicy (dative singular)
-ownicom (dative plural)
-ownicę (accusative singular)
-ownice (accusative plural)
-ownicą (instrumental singular)
-ownicami (instrumental plural)
-ownicy (locative singular)
-ownicach (locative plural)
-ownico (singular vocative)
-ownice (plural vocative)

gofr + -ownica → gofrownica

forms feminine nouns usually related to place


-wille

From Proto-Germanic *-wiljaz. Cognate with Gothic -𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃 (-wiljis). Equivalent to willa + -e.


-ykla

lt-suffix

-yklà f (plural -ỹklos) stress pattern 2

-yklà (canonical feminine stress-pattern-2)
-ỹklos (plural)
-yklà (nominative singular)
-ỹklos (nominative plural)
-ỹklos (genitive singular)
-ỹklų (genitive plural)
-ỹklai (dative singular)
-ỹkloms (dative plural)
-ỹklą (accusative singular)
-yklàs (accusative plural)
-yklà (instrumental singular)
-ỹklomis (instrumental plural)
-ỹkloje (locative singular)
-ỹklose (locative plural)
-ỹkla (singular vocative)
-ỹklos (plural vocative)

kèpti (“to bake”) + -ykla → kepyklà (“bakery”)

Forms the name of a location or business, generally from a verb.


-tyra

-tyra f (plural -tyros) stress pattern 1

-tyros (plural)
-tyra (nominative singular)
-tyros (nominative plural)
-tyros (genitive singular)
-tyrų (genitive plural)
-tyrai (dative singular)
-tyroms (dative plural)
-tyrą (accusative singular)
-tyras (accusative plural)
-tyra (instrumental singular)
-tyromis (instrumental plural)
-tyroje (locative singular)
-tyrose (locative plural)
-tyra (singular vocative)
-tyros (plural vocative)

aplinka (“environment”) + -tyra → aplinkotyra (“environmental science”)

kraštas (“border, land”) + -tyra → kraštotyra (“local history”)

žemė (“land, Earth”) + -tyra → žemėtyra (“geology, geography”)

Forms the name of a field of inquiry.; -logy


-auti

head

-áuti (third-person present tense -áuja, third-person past tense -ãvo)

-áuti (canonical)
-áuja (present third-person)
-ãvo (past third-person)
-auju (indicative present singular)
-auji (indicative present second-person singular)
-auja (indicative present singular)
-aujame (indicative plural present)
-aujam (indicative plural present)
-aujate (indicative plural present second-person)
-aujat (indicative plural present second-person)
-auja (indicative plural present)
-avau (indicative past singular)
-avai (indicative past second-person singular)
-avo (indicative past singular)
-avome (indicative past plural)
-avom (indicative past plural)
-avote (indicative past plural second-person)
-avot (indicative past plural second-person)
-avo (indicative past plural)
-audavau (frequentative indicative past singular)
-audavai (frequentative indicative past second-person singular)
-audavo (frequentative indicative past singular)
-audavome (frequentative indicative past plural)
-audavom (frequentative indicative past plural)
-audavote (frequentative indicative past plural second-person)
-audavot (frequentative indicative past plural second-person)
-audavo (frequentative indicative past plural)
-ausiu (future indicative singular)
-ausi (future indicative second-person singular)
-aus (future indicative singular)
-ausime (future indicative plural)
-ausim (future indicative plural)
-ausite (future indicative plural second-person)
-ausit (future indicative plural second-person)
-aus (future indicative plural)
-aučiau (singular subjunctive)
-autum (second-person singular subjunctive)
-autumei (second-person singular subjunctive)
-autų (singular subjunctive)
-autumėme (plural subjunctive)
-autumėm (plural subjunctive)
-autume (plural subjunctive)
-autumėte (plural second-person subjunctive)
-autumėt (plural second-person subjunctive)
-autų (plural subjunctive)
-auk (imperative second-person singular)
-auki (imperative second-person singular)
te-auja (imperative singular)
te-aujie (imperative singular)
-aukime (imperative plural)
-aukim (imperative plural)
-aukite (imperative plural second-person)
-aukit (imperative plural second-person)
te-auja (imperative plural)
te-aujie (imperative plural)
-aująs (active adjectival participle present)
-aujantis (active adjectival participle present)
-aujamas (adjectival participle passive present)
-avęs (active adjectival participle past)
-autas (adjectival participle passive past)
-audavęs (active adjectival frequentative participle past)
-ausiąs (active adjectival future participle)
-ausiantis (active adjectival future participle)
-ausimas (adjectival future participle passive)
-autinas (adjectival necessitative participle passive)
-audamas (active adverbial participle special)
-aujant (active adverbial half-participle participle present)
-avus (active adverbial half-participle participle past)
-audavus (active adverbial frequentative half-participle participle past)
-ausiant (active adverbial future half-participle participle)
-aute (active adverbial adverbial-manner participle)
-autinai (active adverbial adverbial-manner participle)

Cognate with Old Prussian -aut, Proto-Slavic *-ovati. It has further been connected to the similar suffix -úoti, Latvian -uot, although the relationship is debated.

grybas (“mushroom”) + -auti → grybauti (“to pick mushrooms”)

pamokslas (“sermon”) + -auti → pamokslauti (“to sermonize, preach”)

vyras (“man male”) + -auti → vyrauti (“to dominate, prevail”)

Forms verbs from other parts of speech, especially in meaning "to act as (someone or something)".


-uoti

-úoti (third-person present tense -úoja, third-person past tense -ãvo)

-úoti (canonical)
-úoja (present third-person)
-ãvo (past third-person)
-uoju (indicative present singular)
-uoji (indicative present second-person singular)
-uoja (indicative present singular)
-uojame (indicative plural present)
-uojam (indicative plural present)
-uojate (indicative plural present second-person)
-uojat (indicative plural present second-person)
-uoja (indicative plural present)
-avau (indicative past singular)
-avai (indicative past second-person singular)
-avo (indicative past singular)
-avome (indicative past plural)
-avom (indicative past plural)
-avote (indicative past plural second-person)
-avot (indicative past plural second-person)
-avo (indicative past plural)
-uodavau (frequentative indicative past singular)
-uodavai (frequentative indicative past second-person singular)
-uodavo (frequentative indicative past singular)
-uodavome (frequentative indicative past plural)
-uodavom (frequentative indicative past plural)
-uodavote (frequentative indicative past plural second-person)
-uodavot (frequentative indicative past plural second-person)
-uodavo (frequentative indicative past plural)
-uosiu (future indicative singular)
-uosi (future indicative second-person singular)
-uos (future indicative singular)
-uosime (future indicative plural)
-uosim (future indicative plural)
-uosite (future indicative plural second-person)
-uosit (future indicative plural second-person)
-uos (future indicative plural)
-uočiau (singular subjunctive)
-uotum (second-person singular subjunctive)
-uotumei (second-person singular subjunctive)
-uotų (singular subjunctive)
-uotumėme (plural subjunctive)
-uotumėm (plural subjunctive)
-uotume (plural subjunctive)
-uotumėte (plural second-person subjunctive)
-uotumėt (plural second-person subjunctive)
-uotų (plural subjunctive)
-uok (imperative second-person singular)
-uoki (imperative second-person singular)
te-uoja (imperative singular)
te-uojie (imperative singular)
-uokime (imperative plural)
-uokim (imperative plural)
-uokite (imperative plural second-person)
-uokit (imperative plural second-person)
te-uoja (imperative plural)
te-uojie (imperative plural)
-uojąs (active adjectival participle present)
-uojantis (active adjectival participle present)
-uojamas (adjectival participle passive present)
-avęs (active adjectival participle past)
-uotas (adjectival participle passive past)
-uodavęs (active adjectival frequentative participle past)
-uosiąs (active adjectival future participle)
-uosiantis (active adjectival future participle)
-uosimas (adjectival future participle passive)
-uotinas (adjectival necessitative participle passive)
-uodamas (active adverbial participle special)
-uojant (active adverbial half-participle participle present)
-avus (active adverbial half-participle participle past)
-uodavus (active adverbial frequentative half-participle participle past)
-uosiant (active adverbial future half-participle participle)
-uote (active adverbial adverbial-manner participle)
-uotinai (active adverbial adverbial-manner participle)

Cognate with Latvian -uot. The suffix has also been compared to the similar -áuti, which is further related to Old Prussian -aut and Proto-Slavic *-ovati, but the plausibility of the "uo" sound change is debated.

skaičius (“number”) + -uoti → skaičiuoti (“to count”)

vairas (“steer”) + -uoti → vairuoti (“to steer”)

Forms verbs from other parts of speech, in the meaning of generally activity.


histero-

From Ancient Greek ὑστέρα (hustéra, “womb”).


ka- -han

From Proto-Austronesian *ka- -an (compare Malay ke- -an).


ka- -nan

pakana (“scheme”) + ka- -nan → kapakanan (“sake”)

sala (“fault”) + ka- -nan → kasalanan (“sin”)

bihasa (“accustomed”) + ka- -nan → kabihasnan (“civilization”)

kaya (“competence”) + ka- -nan → kakayanan (“ability”)


-hende

-hende (masculine nominative singular)
-hendu (feminine nominative singular)
-hendo (feminine nominative singular)
-hende (neuter nominative singular)
-hendne (accusative masculine singular)
-hende (accusative feminine singular)
-hende (accusative neuter singular)
-hendes (genitive masculine singular)
-hendre (feminine genitive singular)
-hendes (genitive neuter singular)
-hendum (dative masculine singular)
-hendre (dative feminine singular)
-hendum (dative neuter singular)
-hende (instrumental masculine singular)
-hendre (feminine instrumental singular)
-hende (instrumental neuter singular)
-hende (masculine nominative plural)
-henda (feminine nominative plural)
-hende (feminine nominative plural)
-hendu (neuter nominative plural)
-hendo (neuter nominative plural)
-hende (accusative masculine plural)
-henda (accusative feminine plural)
-hende (accusative feminine plural)
-hendu (accusative neuter plural)
-hendo (accusative neuter plural)
-hendra (genitive masculine plural)
-hendra (feminine genitive plural)
-hendra (genitive neuter plural)
-hendum (dative masculine plural)
-hendum (dative feminine plural)
-hendum (dative neuter plural)
-hendum (instrumental masculine plural)
-hendum (feminine instrumental plural)
-hendum (instrumental neuter plural)
-henda (masculine nominative singular)
-hende (feminine nominative singular)
-hende (neuter nominative singular)
-hendan (accusative masculine singular)
-hendan (accusative feminine singular)
-hende (accusative neuter singular)
-hendan (genitive masculine singular)
-hendan (feminine genitive singular)
-hendan (genitive neuter singular)
-hendan (dative masculine singular)
-hendan (dative feminine singular)
-hendan (dative neuter singular)
-hendan (instrumental masculine singular)
-hendan (feminine instrumental singular)
-hendan (instrumental neuter singular)
-hendan (masculine nominative plural)
-hendan (feminine nominative plural)
-hendan (neuter nominative plural)
-hendan (accusative masculine plural)
-hendan (accusative feminine plural)
-hendan (accusative neuter plural)
-hendra (genitive masculine plural)
-hendena (genitive masculine plural)
-hendra (feminine genitive plural)
-hendena (feminine genitive plural)
-hendra (genitive neuter plural)
-hendena (genitive neuter plural)
-hendum (dative masculine plural)
-hendum (dative feminine plural)
-hendum (dative neuter plural)
-hendum (instrumental masculine plural)
-hendum (feminine instrumental plural)
-hendum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: -hende

From Proto-West Germanic *-handī, from Proto-Germanic *-handijaz. Equivalent to hand + -e.


-strenge

-strenġe (canonical)
-strenġe (masculine nominative singular)
-strenġu (feminine nominative singular)
-strenġo (feminine nominative singular)
-strenġe (neuter nominative singular)
-strenġne (accusative masculine singular)
-strenġe (accusative feminine singular)
-strenġe (accusative neuter singular)
-strenġes (genitive masculine singular)
-strenġre (feminine genitive singular)
-strenġes (genitive neuter singular)
-strenġum (dative masculine singular)
-strenġre (dative feminine singular)
-strenġum (dative neuter singular)
-strenġe (instrumental masculine singular)
-strenġre (feminine instrumental singular)
-strenġe (instrumental neuter singular)
-strenġe (masculine nominative plural)
-strenġa (feminine nominative plural)
-strenġe (feminine nominative plural)
-strenġu (neuter nominative plural)
-strenġo (neuter nominative plural)
-strenġe (accusative masculine plural)
-strenġa (accusative feminine plural)
-strenġe (accusative feminine plural)
-strenġu (accusative neuter plural)
-strenġo (accusative neuter plural)
-strenġra (genitive masculine plural)
-strenġra (feminine genitive plural)
-strenġra (genitive neuter plural)
-strenġum (dative masculine plural)
-strenġum (dative feminine plural)
-strenġum (dative neuter plural)
-strenġum (instrumental masculine plural)
-strenġum (feminine instrumental plural)
-strenġum (instrumental neuter plural)
-strenġa (masculine nominative singular)
-strenġe (feminine nominative singular)
-strenġe (neuter nominative singular)
-strenġan (accusative masculine singular)
-strenġan (accusative feminine singular)
-strenġe (accusative neuter singular)
-strenġan (genitive masculine singular)
-strenġan (feminine genitive singular)
-strenġan (genitive neuter singular)
-strenġan (dative masculine singular)
-strenġan (dative feminine singular)
-strenġan (dative neuter singular)
-strenġan (instrumental masculine singular)
-strenġan (feminine instrumental singular)
-strenġan (instrumental neuter singular)
-strenġan (masculine nominative plural)
-strenġan (feminine nominative plural)
-strenġan (neuter nominative plural)
-strenġan (accusative masculine plural)
-strenġan (accusative feminine plural)
-strenġan (accusative neuter plural)
-strenġra (genitive masculine plural)
-strenġena (genitive masculine plural)
-strenġra (feminine genitive plural)
-strenġena (feminine genitive plural)
-strenġra (genitive neuter plural)
-strenġena (genitive neuter plural)
-strenġum (dative masculine plural)
-strenġum (dative feminine plural)
-strenġum (dative neuter plural)
-strenġum (instrumental masculine plural)
-strenġum (feminine instrumental plural)
-strenġum (instrumental neuter plural)


-iege

-īeġe (canonical)
-īeġe (masculine nominative singular)
-īeġu (feminine nominative singular)
-īeġo (feminine nominative singular)
-īeġe (neuter nominative singular)
-īeġne (accusative masculine singular)
-īeġe (accusative feminine singular)
-īeġe (accusative neuter singular)
-īeġes (genitive masculine singular)
-īeġre (feminine genitive singular)
-īeġes (genitive neuter singular)
-īeġum (dative masculine singular)
-īeġre (dative feminine singular)
-īeġum (dative neuter singular)
-īeġe (instrumental masculine singular)
-īeġre (feminine instrumental singular)
-īeġe (instrumental neuter singular)
-īeġe (masculine nominative plural)
-īeġa (feminine nominative plural)
-īeġe (feminine nominative plural)
-īeġu (neuter nominative plural)
-īeġo (neuter nominative plural)
-īeġe (accusative masculine plural)
-īeġa (accusative feminine plural)
-īeġe (accusative feminine plural)
-īeġu (accusative neuter plural)
-īeġo (accusative neuter plural)
-īeġra (genitive masculine plural)
-īeġra (feminine genitive plural)
-īeġra (genitive neuter plural)
-īeġum (dative masculine plural)
-īeġum (dative feminine plural)
-īeġum (dative neuter plural)
-īeġum (instrumental masculine plural)
-īeġum (feminine instrumental plural)
-īeġum (instrumental neuter plural)
-īeġa (masculine nominative singular)
-īeġe (feminine nominative singular)
-īeġe (neuter nominative singular)
-īeġan (accusative masculine singular)
-īeġan (accusative feminine singular)
-īeġe (accusative neuter singular)
-īeġan (genitive masculine singular)
-īeġan (feminine genitive singular)
-īeġan (genitive neuter singular)
-īeġan (dative masculine singular)
-īeġan (dative feminine singular)
-īeġan (dative neuter singular)
-īeġan (instrumental masculine singular)
-īeġan (feminine instrumental singular)
-īeġan (instrumental neuter singular)
-īeġan (masculine nominative plural)
-īeġan (feminine nominative plural)
-īeġan (neuter nominative plural)
-īeġan (accusative masculine plural)
-īeġan (accusative feminine plural)
-īeġan (accusative neuter plural)
-īeġra (genitive masculine plural)
-īeġena (genitive masculine plural)
-īeġra (feminine genitive plural)
-īeġena (feminine genitive plural)
-īeġra (genitive neuter plural)
-īeġena (genitive neuter plural)
-īeġum (dative masculine plural)
-īeġum (dative feminine plural)
-īeġum (dative neuter plural)
-īeġum (instrumental masculine plural)
-īeġum (feminine instrumental plural)
-īeġum (instrumental neuter plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *-augī, from Proto-Germanic *-augijaz. Equivalent to ēage + -e.


-hwugu

hwǣr (“where”) + -hwugu → hwǣrhwugu (“somewhere”)

hwæt (“what”) + -hwugu → hwæthwugu (“something”)

some- (forms indefinite pronouns and adverbs from interrogatives)


pang- -an

bili (“purchase”) + pang- -an → pamilihan (“market”)

puno (“leader”) + pang- -an → pamunuan (“administration”)

tunton (“guidance”) + pang- -an → panuntunan (“guideline”)

(instrumentative circumfix) used to form nouns indicating a place or concept where the action expressed by the root is performed

pam- -an — before root initials ⟨b⟩ and ⟨p⟩

will sometimes remove initial ⟨b⟩ and ⟨p⟩

dalawa (“two”) + pang- -an → pangdalawahan (“for two”)

matagal (“long (of a period of time)”) + pang- -an → pangmatagalan (“for long-term”)

(adjectival circumfix) used to form adjectives indicating the root is intended for


pang- -han

pam- -han — before root initials ⟨b⟩ and ⟨p⟩


pam- -an

tl-head

pam- -an (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜋ᜔ ◌ᜈ᜔ or ᜉᜋ᜔ ᜀᜈ᜔)

bahala (“responsibility”) + pam- -an → pamahalaan (“government”)

bili (“purchase”) + pam- -an → pamilihan (“market”)

puno (“leader”) + pam- -an → pamunuan (“administration”)

alternative form of pang- -an for roots with initials ⟨b⟩ and ⟨p⟩, which will usually have them removed


pan- -an

pan- -an (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈ᜔ ◌ᜈ᜔ or ᜉᜈ᜔ ᜀᜈ᜔)

titik (“letter”) + pan- -an → panitikan (“literature”)

sandali (“a moment”) + pan- -an → panandalian (“short-term”)

sagot (“response”) + pan- -an → pananagutan (“responsibility”)

alternative form of pang- -an for roots with initials ⟨d⟩, ⟨s⟩ and ⟨t⟩, which will usually have them removed


pa- -nin

tawa (“laugh”) + pa- -nin → patawanin (“to be made to laugh”)

talo (“defeat”) + pa- -nin → patalunin (“to let one be defeated”)


pag- -nan

tawa (“laugh”) + pag- -nan → pagtawanan (“to laugh at”)

talo (“quarrel”) + pag- -nan → pagtalunan (“to quarrel with”)


आ-

Borrowed from Sanskrit आ- (ā-), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, at”). Distant cognate with English at and Latin ad- (whence French a-).

आ- (ā-) + प्रवास (pravās, “migration, emigration”) → आप्रवास (āpravās, “immigration”)

(non-productive) a prefix found in many Sanskrit learned borrowings, meaning "towards", "near", or "up to"; ad-, in-


ლე- -ე

წურწუმია (c̣urc̣umia) + ლე- -ე (le- -e) → ლეწურწუმე (lec̣urc̣ume, “a place where c̣urc̣umias dwell”)

ქაჯაია (kaǯaia) + ლე- -ე (le- -e) → ლექაჯაიე (lekaǯaie, “a place where kaǯaias dwell”)


-bora

-bora (nominative singular)
-boran (nominative plural)
-boran (accusative singular)
-boran (accusative plural)
-boran (genitive singular)
-borena (genitive plural)
-boran (dative singular)
-borum (dative plural)


doppel-

From doppel in compounds; compare doppelt.

doppel- + Bett (“bed”) → Doppelbett (“double bed”)

doppel- + Beschluss (“decision”) → Doppelbeschluss (“double-track decision”)

doppel- + Spitze (“leadership”) → Doppelspitze (“dual leadership”)

Indicates a doubling of the following noun; double-.


-унок

-у́нок (canonical)
-únok (romanization)
-у́нок (nominative singular)
-у́нки (nominative plural)
-у́нка (genitive singular)
-у́нку (genitive singular)
-у́нків (genitive plural)
-у́нкові (dative singular)
-у́нку (dative singular)
-у́нкам (dative plural)
-у́нок (accusative singular)
-у́нки (accusative plural)
-у́нком (instrumental singular)
-у́нками (instrumental plural)
-у́нкові (locative singular)
-у́нку (locative singular)
-у́нках (locative plural)
-у́нку (singular vocative)
-у́нки (plural vocative)

From Polish -unek, from German -ung (remodeled after the Polish diminutive -ek, Ukrainian diminutive -ок (-ok)).

substantive suffix used when rendering or borrowing Polish words which end in -unek (from German -ung) into Ukrainian, and by extension sometimes when forming nouns from native verbs


-tia

passive ending; commonly used for words with more than two vowels and for passive agreement


-hia

a passive ending (favoured in the Tūhoe dialect where -tia would be preferred in other dialects)


-ngia

a passive ending (favoured in the Ngāti Porou dialect where -tia would be preferred in other dialects)


-mia

a passive ending (used only after verbs ending with 'o' or 'u')


-eż

-eż (nominative singular)
-eże (nominative plural)
-eży (genitive singular)
-eży (genitive plural)
-eży (dative singular)
-eżom (dative plural)
-eż (accusative singular)
-eże (accusative plural)
-eżą (instrumental singular)
-eżami (instrumental plural)
-eży (locative singular)
-eżach (locative plural)
-eży (singular vocative)
-eże (plural vocative)

młody + -eż → młodzież


-inys

lt-suffix

-inỹs m (plural -iniaĩ) stress pattern 3

-inỹs (canonical masculine stress-pattern-3)
-iniaĩ (plural)
-inỹs (nominative singular)
-iniaĩ (nominative plural)
-inio (genitive singular)
-inių̃ (genitive plural)
-iniui (dative singular)
-iniáms (dative plural)
-inį (accusative singular)
-inius (accusative plural)
-iniu (instrumental singular)
-iniaĩs (instrumental plural)
-inyjè (locative singular)
-iniuosè (locative plural)
-inỹ (singular vocative)
-iniaĩ (plural vocative)

kepti (“to bake”) + -inys → kepinys (“baked good”)

gaminti (“to produce”) + -inys → gaminys (“product”)

brėžti (“to draw, scratch”) + -inys → brėžinys (“drawing, sketch”)


-nomicon

Most likely from the name of the fictional Necronomicon, or from Ancient Greek νομῐκόν (nomĭkón), the neuter form of νομικός (nomikós, “relating to laws”) (also used in the titles of various real works, like the Nomicon of Photius, or the 18th century Nomicon Procheiron of Michael Photinopoulos).

Used to form nouns, referring to a book of knowledge on the specified topic.


-зьыны

-źyny (romanization)
-зя (first-person positive present singular)
ог -зьы (first-person negative present singular)
-зя (first-person future positive singular)
ог -зьы (first-person future negative singular)
-зян (positive present second-person singular)
он -зьы (negative present second-person singular)
-зян (future positive second-person singular)
он -зьы (future negative second-person singular)
-зьӧ (positive present singular third-person)
оз -зьы (negative present singular third-person)
-зяс (future positive singular third-person)
оз -зьы (future negative singular third-person)
-зям (first-person plural positive present)
ог -зьӧй (first-person negative plural present)
-зям (first-person future plural positive)
ог -зьӧй (first-person future negative plural)
-зянныд (plural positive present second-person)
-зьад (plural positive present second-person)
он -зьӧй (negative plural present second-person)
-зянныд (future plural positive second-person)
-зяд (future plural positive second-person)
он -зьӧй (future negative plural second-person)
-зьӧны (plural positive present third-person)
оз -зьӧй (negative plural present third-person)
-зясны (future plural positive third-person)
оз -зьӧй (future negative plural third-person)
-зи (direct first-person past positive singular)
эг -зьы (direct first-person negative past singular)
-зин (direct past positive second-person singular)
эн -зьы (direct negative past second-person singular)
-зьӧмыд (past positive reported second-person singular)
абу -зьӧмыд (negative past reported second-person singular)
-зис (direct past positive singular third-person)
эз -зьы (direct negative past singular third-person)
-зьӧма (past positive reported singular third-person)
абу -зьӧма (negative past reported singular third-person)
-зим (direct first-person past plural positive)
эг -зьӧй (direct first-person negative past plural)
-зинныд (direct past plural positive second-person)
-зид (direct past plural positive second-person)
эн -зьӧй (direct negative past plural second-person)
-зьӧмныд (past plural positive reported second-person)
абу -зьӧмныд (negative past plural reported second-person)
-зисны (direct past plural positive third-person)
эз -зьӧй (direct negative past plural third-person)
-зьӧмаӧсь (past plural positive reported third-person)
абу -зьӧмаӧсь (negative past plural reported third-person)
-зьы (direct imperative past positive second-person singular)
эн -зьы (direct imperative negative past second-person singular)
-зьыны (imperative infinitive negative past reported)
-зьӧй (direct imperative past plural positive second-person)
эн -зьӧй (direct imperative negative past plural second-person)
-зьысь (imperative negative participle past present reported)
-зян (imperative imperfect negative participle past reported)
-зьӧм (imperative negative participle past perfect reported)
-зьытӧм (caritive imperative negative participle past reported)
-зьыны (impersonal nominative)
-зьыным (first-person nominative)
-зьыныд (nominative second-person)
-зьыныс (nominative third-person)
-зьыны (accusative impersonal)
-зьыным (accusative first-person)
-зьынытӧ (accusative second-person)
-зьынысӧ (accusative third-person)

kpv-conj

абу -зьӧмныд

абу -зьӧмаӧсь

Used to form intransitive verbs denoting a change in state.


Allerwelts-

Allerwelts- + Name (“name”) → Allerweltsname

Allerwelts- + Geschmack (“taste”) → Allerweltsgeschmack (“basic taste”)

Allerwelts- + Wort (“word”) → Allerweltswort

(sometimes derogatory) Used to indicate something basic or banal; basic, everyday


що-

head

що- • (ščo-)

що- (ščo-) + ра́нку (ránku) → щора́нку (ščoránku, “every morning, each morning”)

що- (ščo-) + дня (dnja) → щодня́ (ščodnjá, “every day, each day”)

що- (ščo-) + ти́жня (týžnja) → щоти́жня (ščotýžnja, “every week, each week”)

Forms adverbs and adjectives denoting occurrence in each of a given time period

день (denʹ, “day”) → щоде́нний (ščodénnyj, “daily”)

мі́сяць (mísjacʹ, “month”) → щомі́сячний (ščomísjačnyj, “monthly”)

рік (rik, “year”) → щорі́чний (ščoríčnyj, “annual, yearly”)


-एलू

घर (ghar) + -एलू (-elū) → घरेलू (gharelū)


-hyllt

From hull (“soft superficial parts of the body”), from Old Norse hold (“flesh”).


aktyno-

mikoza + aktyno- → aktynomikoza


-metr

-metr (nominative singular)
-metry (nominative plural)
-metru (genitive singular)
-metrów (genitive plural)
-metrowi (dative singular)
-metrom (dative plural)
-metr (accusative singular)
-metry (accusative plural)
-metrem (instrumental singular)
-metrami (instrumental plural)
-metrze (locative singular)
-metrach (locative plural)
-metrze (singular vocative)
-metry (plural vocative)

Derived from Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron).

der+

aktyno- + -metr → aktynometr


-mycyna

-mycyna (nominative singular)
-mycyny (nominative plural)
-mycyny (genitive singular)
-mycyn (genitive plural)
-mycynie (dative singular)
-mycynom (dative plural)
-mycynę (accusative singular)
-mycyny (accusative plural)
-mycyną (instrumental singular)
-mycynami (instrumental plural)
-mycynie (locative singular)
-mycynach (locative plural)
-mycyno (singular vocative)
-mycyny (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English -mycin.

aktyno- + -mycyna → aktynomycyna


-асьны

head

-асьны • (-aśny) (soft stem variant -ясьны)

-aśny (romanization)
-ясьны (soft stem variant)
-ася (first-person positive present singular)
ог -ась (first-person negative present singular)
-ася (first-person future positive singular)
ог -ась (first-person future negative singular)
-асян (positive present second-person singular)
он -ась (negative present second-person singular)
-асян (future positive second-person singular)
он -ась (future negative second-person singular)
-асьӧ (positive present singular third-person)
оз -ась (negative present singular third-person)
-асяс (future positive singular third-person)
оз -ась (future negative singular third-person)
-асям (first-person plural positive present)
ог -асьӧй (first-person negative plural present)
-асям (first-person future plural positive)
ог -асьӧй (first-person future negative plural)
-асянныд (plural positive present second-person)
-асьад (plural positive present second-person)
он -асьӧй (negative plural present second-person)
-асянныд (future plural positive second-person)
-асяд (future plural positive second-person)
он -асьӧй (future negative plural second-person)
-асьӧны (plural positive present third-person)
оз -асьӧй (negative plural present third-person)
-асясны (future plural positive third-person)
оз -асьӧй (future negative plural third-person)
-аси (direct first-person past positive singular)
эг -ась (direct first-person negative past singular)
-асин (direct past positive second-person singular)
эн -ась (direct negative past second-person singular)
-асьӧмыд (past positive reported second-person singular)
абу -асьӧмыд (negative past reported second-person singular)
-асис (direct past positive singular third-person)
эз -ась (direct negative past singular third-person)
-асьӧма (past positive reported singular third-person)
абу -асьӧма (negative past reported singular third-person)
-асим (direct first-person past plural positive)
эг -асьӧй (direct first-person negative past plural)
-асинныд (direct past plural positive second-person)
-асид (direct past plural positive second-person)
эн -асьӧй (direct negative past plural second-person)
-асьӧмныд (past plural positive reported second-person)
абу -асьӧмныд (negative past plural reported second-person)
-асисны (direct past plural positive third-person)
эз -асьӧй (direct negative past plural third-person)
-асьӧмаӧсь (past plural positive reported third-person)
абу -асьӧмаӧсь (negative past plural reported third-person)
-ась (direct imperative past positive second-person singular)
эн -ась (direct imperative negative past second-person singular)
-асьны (imperative infinitive negative past reported)
-асьӧй (direct imperative past plural positive second-person)
эн -асьӧй (direct imperative negative past plural second-person)
-асьысь (imperative negative participle past present reported)
-асян (imperative imperfect negative participle past reported)
-асьӧм (imperative negative participle past perfect reported)
-асьтӧм (caritive imperative negative participle past reported)
-асьны (impersonal nominative)
-асьным (first-person nominative)
-асьныд (nominative second-person)
-асьныс (nominative third-person)
-асьны (accusative impersonal)
-асьным (accusative first-person)
-асьнытӧ (accusative second-person)
-асьнысӧ (accusative third-person)

kpv-conj

абу -асьӧмыд

абу -асьӧмныд

абу -асьӧмаӧсь

From a verbal derivation of Proto-Permic [Term?] (“self”), from Proto-Uralic *iće.

(colloquial) Used to form verbs denoting proficiency in a language; to speak


-авны

head

-авны • (-avny) (soft stem variant -явны)

-avny (romanization)
-явны (soft stem variant)
-ала (first-person positive present singular)
ог -ав (first-person negative present singular)
-ала (first-person future positive singular)
ог -ав (first-person future negative singular)
-алан (positive present second-person singular)
он -ав (negative present second-person singular)
-алан (future positive second-person singular)
он -ав (future negative second-person singular)
-алӧ (positive present singular third-person)
оз -ав (negative present singular third-person)
-алас (future positive singular third-person)
оз -ав (future negative singular third-person)
-алам (first-person plural positive present)
ог -алӧй (first-person negative plural present)
-алам (first-person future plural positive)
ог -алӧй (first-person future negative plural)
-аланныд (plural positive present second-person)
-алад (plural positive present second-person)
он -алӧй (negative plural present second-person)
-аланныд (future plural positive second-person)
-алад (future plural positive second-person)
он -алӧй (future negative plural second-person)
-алӧны (plural positive present third-person)
оз -алӧй (negative plural present third-person)
-аласны (future plural positive third-person)
оз -алӧй (future negative plural third-person)
-алі (direct first-person past positive singular)
эг -ав (direct first-person negative past singular)
-алін (direct past positive second-person singular)
эн -ав (direct negative past second-person singular)
-алӧмыд (past positive reported second-person singular)
абу -алӧмыд (negative past reported second-person singular)
-аліс (direct past positive singular third-person)
эз -ав (direct negative past singular third-person)
-алӧма (past positive reported singular third-person)
абу -алӧма (negative past reported singular third-person)
-алім (direct first-person past plural positive)
эг -алӧй (direct first-person negative past plural)
-алінныд (direct past plural positive second-person)
-алід (direct past plural positive second-person)
эн -алӧй (direct negative past plural second-person)
-алӧмныд (past plural positive reported second-person)
абу -алӧмныд (negative past plural reported second-person)
-алісны (direct past plural positive third-person)
эз -алӧй (direct negative past plural third-person)
-алӧмаӧсь (past plural positive reported third-person)
абу -алӧмаӧсь (negative past plural reported third-person)
-ав (direct imperative past positive second-person singular)
эн -ав (direct imperative negative past second-person singular)
-авны (imperative infinitive negative past reported)
-алӧй (direct imperative past plural positive second-person)
эн -алӧй (direct imperative negative past plural second-person)
-алысь (imperative negative participle past present reported)
-алан (imperative imperfect negative participle past reported)
-алӧм (imperative negative participle past perfect reported)
-автӧм (caritive imperative negative participle past reported)
-авны (impersonal nominative)
-авным (first-person nominative)
-авныд (nominative second-person)
-авныс (nominative third-person)
-авны (accusative impersonal)
-авным (accusative first-person)
-авнытӧ (accusative second-person)
-авнысӧ (accusative third-person)

kpv-conj

абу -алӧмныд

абу -алӧмаӧсь

Used to form transitive verbs denoting an action using the suffixed noun

Used to form intransitive verbs denoting a state of being the suffixed nominal

Used to form transitive verbs denoting an action towards being the suffixed nominal; -en

Used to form intransitive verbs denoting a change of state towards being the suffixed nominal

Used to form transitive verbs denoting a change of state towards possession of the suffixed noun

Used to form intransitive verbs denoting a change of state towards possession of the suffixed noun


-ӧдны

-ödny (romanization)
-ӧда (first-person positive present singular)
ог -ӧд (first-person negative present singular)
-ӧда (first-person future positive singular)
ог -ӧд (first-person future negative singular)
-ӧдан (positive present second-person singular)
он -ӧд (negative present second-person singular)
-ӧдан (future positive second-person singular)
он -ӧд (future negative second-person singular)
-ӧдӧ (positive present singular third-person)
оз -ӧд (negative present singular third-person)
-ӧдас (future positive singular third-person)
оз -ӧд (future negative singular third-person)
-ӧдам (first-person plural positive present)
ог -ӧдӧй (first-person negative plural present)
-ӧдам (first-person future plural positive)
ог -ӧдӧй (first-person future negative plural)
-ӧданныд (plural positive present second-person)
-ӧдад (plural positive present second-person)
он -ӧдӧй (negative plural present second-person)
-ӧданныд (future plural positive second-person)
-ӧдад (future plural positive second-person)
он -ӧдӧй (future negative plural second-person)
-ӧдӧны (plural positive present third-person)
оз -ӧдӧй (negative plural present third-person)
-ӧдасны (future plural positive third-person)
оз -ӧдӧй (future negative plural third-person)
-ӧді (direct first-person past positive singular)
эг -ӧд (direct first-person negative past singular)
-ӧдін (direct past positive second-person singular)
эн -ӧд (direct negative past second-person singular)
-ӧдӧмыд (past positive reported second-person singular)
абу -ӧдӧмыд (negative past reported second-person singular)
-ӧдіс (direct past positive singular third-person)
эз -ӧд (direct negative past singular third-person)
-ӧдӧма (past positive reported singular third-person)
абу -ӧдӧма (negative past reported singular third-person)
-ӧдім (direct first-person past plural positive)
эг -ӧдӧй (direct first-person negative past plural)
-ӧдінныд (direct past plural positive second-person)
-ӧдід (direct past plural positive second-person)
эн -ӧдӧй (direct negative past plural second-person)
-ӧдӧмныд (past plural positive reported second-person)
абу -ӧдӧмныд (negative past plural reported second-person)
-ӧдісны (direct past plural positive third-person)
эз -ӧдӧй (direct negative past plural third-person)
-ӧдӧмаӧсь (past plural positive reported third-person)
абу -ӧдӧмаӧсь (negative past plural reported third-person)
-ӧд (direct imperative past positive second-person singular)
эн -ӧд (direct imperative negative past second-person singular)
-ӧдны (imperative infinitive negative past reported)
-ӧдӧй (direct imperative past plural positive second-person)
эн -ӧдӧй (direct imperative negative past plural second-person)
-ӧдысь (imperative negative participle past present reported)
-ӧдан (imperative imperfect negative participle past reported)
-ӧдӧм (imperative negative participle past perfect reported)
-ӧдтӧм (caritive imperative negative participle past reported)
-ӧдны (impersonal nominative)
-ӧдным (first-person nominative)
-ӧдныд (nominative second-person)
-ӧдныс (nominative third-person)
-ӧдны (accusative impersonal)
-ӧдным (accusative first-person)
-ӧднытӧ (accusative second-person)
-ӧднысӧ (accusative third-person)

абу -ӧдӧмныд

абу -ӧдӧмаӧсь

Used to form intransitive verbs denoting a change of state towards becoming the coloured the suffixed colour; -en


-시리

Korean ginseng-harvesters' cant
w:Korean ginseng-harvesters' cant

(ginseng-harvesters' cant) Attached to nouns, especially single-character Sino-Korean morphemes, to make it part of Korean ginseng-harvesters' cant.


akusto-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀκουστῐκός (akoustĭkós).

lbor

optyka + akusto- → akustooptyka


-wiis

→ see -erwiis

Used to form adverbs from adjectives or participles together with the interfix -er-.


-erwiis

fründlich (“friendly”) + -erwiis → fründlicherwiis (“kindly”)

normaal (“normal”) + -erwiis → normaalerwiis (“normally”)

Used to form adverbs from adjectives; these adverbs are used to modify phrases or sentences.


akwa-

kultura + akwa- → akwakultura


-plan

-plan (nominative singular)
-plany (nominative plural)
-planu (genitive singular)
-planów (genitive plural)
-planowi (dative singular)
-planom (dative plural)
-plan (accusative singular)
-plany (accusative plural)
-planem (instrumental singular)
-planami (instrumental plural)
-planie (locative singular)
-planach (locative plural)
-planie (singular vocative)
-plany (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English plane.

akwa- + -plan → akwaplan


-ეთი

From Old Georgian -ეთი (-eti), from Proto-Georgian-Zan *-et.

იმერი (imeri, “Imeretian”) + -ეთი (-eti) → იმერეთი (imereti, “Imereti”)

ჩრდილო (črdilo, “shadow”) + -ეთი (-eti) → ჩრდილოეთი (črdiloeti, “north”)

აფხაზი (apxazi, “Abkhaz”) + -ეთი (-eti) → აფხაზეთი (apxazeti, “Abkhazia”)

ოსი (osi, “Ossetian”) + -ეთი (-eti) → ოსეთი (oseti, “Ossetia”)

Approximately translateable as 'land of'. Often found in names of regions or countries.


अव-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwa
Sanskrit अव (ava)
Sanskrit अव- (ava-)
From अव (ava), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew.


-чанин

head

-ча́нин • (-čánin)

-ча́нин (canonical)
-čánin (romanization)
-ча́нин (nominative singular)
-ча́не (nominative plural)
-ча́нина (genitive singular)
-ча́н (genitive plural)
-ча́нину (dative singular)
-ча́нам (dative plural)
-ча́нина (accusative singular)
-ча́н (accusative plural)
-ча́нином (instrumental singular)
-ча́нами (instrumental plural)
-ча́нине (prepositional singular)
-ча́нах (plural prepositional)