-gaz

*-gaz (a-stem)

-gaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
-gai (masculine nominative plural strong)
-gō (feminine nominative singular strong)
-gôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
-gą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
-gō (neuter nominative plural strong)
-ganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
-ganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
-gǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
-gōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
-gą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
-gō (accusative neuter plural strong)
-gas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
-gaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
-gaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
-gaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
-gas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
-gaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
-gammai (dative masculine singular strong)
-gaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
-gaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
-gaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
-gammai (dative neuter singular strong)
-gaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
-ganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
-gaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
-gaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
-gaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
-ganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
-gaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
-gô (masculine nominative singular weak)
-ganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
-gǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
-gōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
-gô (neuter nominative singular weak)
-gōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
-ganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
-ganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
-gōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
-gōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
-gô (accusative neuter singular weak)
-gōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
-giniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
-ganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
-gōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
-gōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
-giniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
-ganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
-gini (dative masculine singular weak)
-gammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
-gōni (dative feminine singular weak)
-gōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
-gini (dative neuter singular weak)
-gammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
-ginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
-gammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
-gōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
-gōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
-ginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
-gammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *-g, *-ag, *-ig, *-īg
Old English: -iġ, -iċ, -eġ
Middle English: -iȝ, -i, -y, -ich
English: -y, -ey, -ie
Scots: -ie
Old Frisian: -ich
Saterland Frisian: -ich
West Frisian: -ich
Old Saxon: -ag, -ig
Middle Low German: -ig, -ich
German Low German: -ig
Old Dutch: *-ag, -ig
Middle Dutch: -ich, -ech
Dutch: -ig
Old High German: -ag, -ig, -īg
Middle High German: -ig
German: -ig, -ich
Yiddish: ־יק (-ik), ־יג (-ig)
Luxembourgish: -eg

Old Norse: -agr, -igr, -ugr
Icelandic: -agur, -igur, -ugur
Faroese: -agur, -igur, -ugur
Norwegian: -ag, -ig, -ug
Swedish: -ig
Danish: -ig

desc

Gothic: -𐌲𐍃 (-gs), -𐌰𐌲𐍃 (-ags), -𐌰𐌷𐍃 (-ahs), -𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (-eigs), -𐌹𐌲𐍃 (-igs), -𐌿𐌲𐍃 (-ugs)

From Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos. Cognates include Latin -cus, Ancient Greek -κός (-kós), Sanskrit -शस (-śasa), -कस (-kasa) and Old Church Slavonic -ъкъ (-ŭkŭ).

-y; forms adjectives from nouns and verbs with a sense of 'being, having, or doing'.


jafn-

Icelandic: jafn-

Norwegian Nynorsk: jam-


-dos

(verb-forming suffix) A frequentative suffix added to a monosyllabic verb to form a new verb to express the frequent repetition of an action.


-encia

-encia (nominative singular)
-enciák (nominative plural)
-enciát (accusative singular)
-enciákat (accusative plural)
-enciának (dative singular)
-enciáknak (dative plural)
-enciával (instrumental singular)
-enciákkal (instrumental plural)
-enciáért (causal-final singular)
-enciákért (causal-final plural)
-enciává (singular translative)
-enciákká (plural translative)
-enciáig (singular terminative)
-enciákig (plural terminative)
-enciaként (essive-formal singular)
-enciákként (essive-formal plural)
-enciában (inessive singular)
-enciákban (inessive plural)
-encián (singular superessive)
-enciákon (plural superessive)
-enciánál (adessive singular)
-enciáknál (adessive plural)
-enciába (illative singular)
-enciákba (illative plural)
-enciára (singular sublative)
-enciákra (plural sublative)
-enciához (allative singular)
-enciákhoz (allative plural)
-enciából (elative singular)
-enciákból (elative plural)
-enciáról (delative singular)
-enciákról (delative plural)
-enciától (ablative singular)
-enciáktól (ablative plural)
-enciáé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-enciáké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-enciáéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-enciákéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-enciám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
-enciáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
-enciád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
-enciáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
-enciája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
-enciái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
-enciánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
-enciáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
-enciátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
-enciáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
-enciájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
-enciáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

konferencia (“conference”)


-encia

es-noun

-encia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -encias)


lexiko-

lexico-; pertaining to words, speech, dictionaries and encyclopedias


-itás

-itás (nominative singular)
-itások (nominative plural)
-itást (accusative singular)
-itásokat (accusative plural)
-itásnak (dative singular)
-itásoknak (dative plural)
-itással (instrumental singular)
-itásokkal (instrumental plural)
-itásért (causal-final singular)
-itásokért (causal-final plural)
-itássá (singular translative)
-itásokká (plural translative)
-itásig (singular terminative)
-itásokig (plural terminative)
-itásként (essive-formal singular)
-itásokként (essive-formal plural)
-itásul (essive-modal singular)
-itásban (inessive singular)
-itásokban (inessive plural)
-itáson (singular superessive)
-itásokon (plural superessive)
-itásnál (adessive singular)
-itásoknál (adessive plural)
-itásba (illative singular)
-itásokba (illative plural)
-itásra (singular sublative)
-itásokra (plural sublative)
-itáshoz (allative singular)
-itásokhoz (allative plural)
-itásból (elative singular)
-itásokból (elative plural)
-itásról (delative singular)
-itásokról (delative plural)
-itástól (ablative singular)
-itásoktól (ablative plural)
-itásé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-itásoké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-itáséi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-itásokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-itásom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
-itásaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
-itásod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
-itásaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
-itása (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
-itásai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
-itásunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
-itásaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
-itásotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
-itásaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
-itásuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
-itásaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

agresszivitás (“aggressiveness”)

-ity, -ness (a distinguishable foreign word ending in nouns. It is not considerable as an independent Hungarian suffix.)


-ähtää

-ähän (first-person positive present singular)
en -ähä (first-person negative present singular)
oon -ähtänt (first-person perfect positive singular)
oon -ähtänyt (first-person perfect positive singular)
en oo -ähtänt (first-person negative perfect singular)
en oo -ähtänyt (first-person negative perfect singular)
-ähät (positive present second-person singular)
et -ähä (negative present second-person singular)
oot -ähtänt (perfect positive second-person singular)
oot -ähtänyt (perfect positive second-person singular)
et oo -ähtänt (negative perfect second-person singular)
et oo -ähtänyt (negative perfect second-person singular)
-ähtää (positive present singular third-person)
ei -ähä (negative present singular third-person)
ono -ähtänt (perfect positive singular third-person)
ono -ähtänyt (perfect positive singular third-person)
ei oo -ähtänt (negative perfect singular third-person)
ei oo -ähtänyt (negative perfect singular third-person)
-ähämmä (first-person plural positive present)
emmä -ähä (first-person negative plural present)
oomma -ähtänneet (first-person perfect plural positive)
emmä oo -ähtänneet (first-person negative perfect plural)
-ähättä (plural positive present second-person)
että -ähä (negative plural present second-person)
ootta -ähtänneet (perfect plural positive second-person)
että oo -ähtänneet (negative perfect plural second-person)
-ähtäät (plural positive present third-person)
-ähtävät (plural positive present third-person)
-ähettää (plural positive present third-person)
evät -ähä (negative plural present third-person)
ei -ähetä (negative plural present third-person)
ovat -ähtänneet (perfect plural positive third-person)
evät oo -ähtänneet (negative perfect plural third-person)
ei oo -ähetty (negative perfect plural third-person)
-ähettää (impersonal positive present)
ei -ähetä (impersonal negative present)
ono -ähetty (impersonal perfect positive)
ei oo -ähetty (impersonal negative perfect)
-ähin (first-person imperfect positive singular)
en -ähtänt (first-person imperfect negative singular)
en -ähtänyt (first-person imperfect negative singular)
olin -ähtänt (first-person pluperfect positive singular)
olin -ähtänyt (first-person pluperfect positive singular)
en olt -ähtänt (first-person negative pluperfect singular)
en olt -ähtänyt (first-person negative pluperfect singular)
-ähit (imperfect positive second-person singular)
et -ähtänt (imperfect negative second-person singular)
et -ähtänyt (imperfect negative second-person singular)
olit -ähtänt (pluperfect positive second-person singular)
olit -ähtänyt (pluperfect positive second-person singular)
et olt -ähtänt (negative pluperfect second-person singular)
et olt -ähtänyt (negative pluperfect second-person singular)
-ähti (imperfect positive singular third-person)
ei -ähtänt (imperfect negative singular third-person)
ei -ähtänyt (imperfect negative singular third-person)
oli -ähtänt (pluperfect positive singular third-person)
oli -ähtänyt (pluperfect positive singular third-person)
ei olt -ähtänt (negative pluperfect singular third-person)
ei olt -ähtänyt (negative pluperfect singular third-person)
-ähimmä (first-person imperfect plural positive)
emmä -ähtänneet (first-person imperfect negative plural)
olimma -ähtänneet (first-person pluperfect plural positive)
emmä olleet -ähtänneet (first-person negative pluperfect plural)
-ähittä (imperfect plural positive second-person)
että -ähtänneet (imperfect negative plural second-person)
olitta -ähtänneet (pluperfect plural positive second-person)
että olleet -ähtänneet (negative pluperfect plural second-person)
-ähtiit (imperfect plural positive third-person)
-ähtivät (imperfect plural positive third-person)
-ähettii (imperfect plural positive third-person)
evät -ähtänneet (imperfect negative plural third-person)
ei -ähetty (imperfect negative plural third-person)
olivat -ähtänneet (pluperfect plural positive third-person)
evät olleet -ähtänneet (negative pluperfect plural third-person)
ei olt -ähetty (negative pluperfect plural third-person)
-ähettii (imperfect impersonal positive)
ei -ähetty (imperfect impersonal negative)
oli -ähetty (impersonal pluperfect positive)
ei olt -ähetty (impersonal negative pluperfect)
-ähtäisin (first-person positive present singular)
en -ähtäis (first-person negative present singular)
olisin -ähtänt (first-person perfect positive singular)
olisin -ähtänyt (first-person perfect positive singular)
en olis -ähtänt (first-person negative perfect singular)
en olis -ähtänyt (first-person negative perfect singular)
-ähtäisit (positive present second-person singular)
-ähtäist (positive present second-person singular)
et -ähtäis (negative present second-person singular)
olisit -ähtänt (perfect positive second-person singular)
olisit -ähtänyt (perfect positive second-person singular)
et olis -ähtänt (negative perfect second-person singular)
et olis -ähtänyt (negative perfect second-person singular)
-ähtäis (positive present singular third-person)
ei -ähtäis (negative present singular third-person)
olis -ähtänt (perfect positive singular third-person)
olis -ähtänyt (perfect positive singular third-person)
ei olis -ähtänt (negative perfect singular third-person)
ei olis -ähtänyt (negative perfect singular third-person)
-ähtäisimmä (first-person plural positive present)
emmä -ähtäis (first-person negative plural present)
olisimma -ähtänneet (first-person perfect plural positive)
emmä olis -ähtänneet (first-person negative perfect plural)
-ähtäisittä (plural positive present second-person)
että -ähtäis (negative plural present second-person)
olisitta -ähtänneet (perfect plural positive second-person)
että olis -ähtänneet (negative perfect plural second-person)
-ähtäisiit (plural positive present third-person)
-ähtäisivät (plural positive present third-person)
-ähettäis (plural positive present third-person)
evät -ähtäis (negative plural present third-person)
ei -ähettäis (negative plural present third-person)
olisivat -ähtänneet (perfect plural positive third-person)
evät olis -ähtänneet (negative perfect plural third-person)
ei olis -ähetty (negative perfect plural third-person)
-ähettäis (impersonal positive present)
ei -ähettäis (impersonal negative present)
olis -ähetty (impersonal perfect positive)
ei olis -ähetty (impersonal negative perfect)
-ähä (positive present second-person singular)
elä -ähä (negative present second-person singular)
oo -ähtänt (perfect positive second-person singular)
oo -ähtänyt (perfect positive second-person singular)
elä oo -ähtänt (negative perfect second-person singular)
elä oo -ähtänyt (negative perfect second-person singular)
-ähtäkköö (positive present singular third-person)
elköö -ähtäkö (negative present singular third-person)
olkoo -ähtänt (perfect positive singular third-person)
olkoo -ähtänyt (perfect positive singular third-person)
elköö olko -ähtänt (negative perfect singular third-person)
elköö olko -ähtänyt (negative perfect singular third-person)
-ähtäkkää (plural positive present second-person)
elkää -ähtäkö (negative plural present second-person)
olkaa -ähtänneet (perfect plural positive second-person)
elkää olko -ähtänneet (negative perfect plural second-person)
-ähtäkkööt (plural positive present third-person)
elkööt -ähtäkö (negative plural present third-person)
elköö -ähettäkö (negative plural present third-person)
olkoot -ähtänneet (perfect plural positive third-person)
elkööt olko -ähtänneet (negative perfect plural third-person)
elköö olko -ähetty (negative perfect plural third-person)
-ähettäköö (impersonal positive present)
elköö -ähettäkö (impersonal negative present)
olkoo -ähetty (impersonal perfect positive)
elköö olko -ähetty (impersonal negative perfect)
-ähtänen (first-person positive present singular)
en -ähtäne (first-person negative present singular)
-ähtänet (positive present second-person singular)
et -ähtäne (negative present second-person singular)
-ähtännöö (positive present singular third-person)
ei -ähtäne (negative present singular third-person)
-ähtänemmä (first-person plural positive present)
emmä -ähtäne (first-person negative plural present)
-ähtänettä (plural positive present second-person)
että -ähtäne (negative plural present second-person)
-ähtännööt (plural positive present third-person)
evät -ähtäne (negative plural present third-person)
ei -ähettäne (negative plural present third-person)
-ähettänöö (impersonal positive present)
ei -ähettäne (impersonal negative present)
-ähtää (infinitive infinitive-i)
-ähtävä (active participle present)
-ähettävä (participle passive present)
-ähtäes (inessive infinitive infinitive-ii)
-ähtänt (active participle past)
-ähtänyt (active participle past)
-ähetty (participle passive past)
-ähtäen (infinitive infinitive-ii instructive)
-ähtämmää (illative infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ähtämäs (inessive infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ähtämäst (elative infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ähtämätä (abessive infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ähtämiin (infinitive infinitive-iv nominative)
-ähtämistä (infinitive infinitive-iv partitive)
-ähtämist (infinitive infinitive-iv partitive)


-ttää

-tän (first-person positive present singular)
en -tä (first-person negative present singular)
oon -ttänt (first-person perfect positive singular)
oon -ttänyt (first-person perfect positive singular)
en oo -ttänt (first-person negative perfect singular)
en oo -ttänyt (first-person negative perfect singular)
-tät (positive present second-person singular)
et -tä (negative present second-person singular)
oot -ttänt (perfect positive second-person singular)
oot -ttänyt (perfect positive second-person singular)
et oo -ttänt (negative perfect second-person singular)
et oo -ttänyt (negative perfect second-person singular)
-ttää (positive present singular third-person)
ei -tä (negative present singular third-person)
ono -ttänt (perfect positive singular third-person)
ono -ttänyt (perfect positive singular third-person)
ei oo -ttänt (negative perfect singular third-person)
ei oo -ttänyt (negative perfect singular third-person)
-tämmä (first-person plural positive present)
emmä -tä (first-person negative plural present)
oomma -ttäneet (first-person perfect plural positive)
emmä oo -ttäneet (first-person negative perfect plural)
-tättä (plural positive present second-person)
että -tä (negative plural present second-person)
ootta -ttäneet (perfect plural positive second-person)
että oo -ttäneet (negative perfect plural second-person)
-ttäät (plural positive present third-person)
-ttävät (plural positive present third-person)
-tetää (plural positive present third-person)
evät -tä (negative plural present third-person)
ei -tetä (negative plural present third-person)
ovat -ttäneet (perfect plural positive third-person)
evät oo -ttäneet (negative perfect plural third-person)
ei oo -tetty (negative perfect plural third-person)
-tetää (impersonal positive present)
ei -tetä (impersonal negative present)
ono -tetty (impersonal perfect positive)
ei oo -tetty (impersonal negative perfect)
-tin (first-person imperfect positive singular)
en -ttänt (first-person imperfect negative singular)
en -ttänyt (first-person imperfect negative singular)
olin -ttänt (first-person pluperfect positive singular)
olin -ttänyt (first-person pluperfect positive singular)
en olt -ttänt (first-person negative pluperfect singular)
en olt -ttänyt (first-person negative pluperfect singular)
-tit (imperfect positive second-person singular)
et -ttänt (imperfect negative second-person singular)
et -ttänyt (imperfect negative second-person singular)
olit -ttänt (pluperfect positive second-person singular)
olit -ttänyt (pluperfect positive second-person singular)
et olt -ttänt (negative pluperfect second-person singular)
et olt -ttänyt (negative pluperfect second-person singular)
-tti (imperfect positive singular third-person)
ei -ttänt (imperfect negative singular third-person)
ei -ttänyt (imperfect negative singular third-person)
oli -ttänt (pluperfect positive singular third-person)
oli -ttänyt (pluperfect positive singular third-person)
ei olt -ttänt (negative pluperfect singular third-person)
ei olt -ttänyt (negative pluperfect singular third-person)
-timmä (first-person imperfect plural positive)
emmä -ttäneet (first-person imperfect negative plural)
olimma -ttäneet (first-person pluperfect plural positive)
emmä olleet -ttäneet (first-person negative pluperfect plural)
-tittä (imperfect plural positive second-person)
että -ttäneet (imperfect negative plural second-person)
olitta -ttäneet (pluperfect plural positive second-person)
että olleet -ttäneet (negative pluperfect plural second-person)
-ttiit (imperfect plural positive third-person)
-ttivät (imperfect plural positive third-person)
-tettii (imperfect plural positive third-person)
evät -ttäneet (imperfect negative plural third-person)
ei -tetty (imperfect negative plural third-person)
olivat -ttäneet (pluperfect plural positive third-person)
evät olleet -ttäneet (negative pluperfect plural third-person)
ei olt -tetty (negative pluperfect plural third-person)
-tettii (imperfect impersonal positive)
ei -tetty (imperfect impersonal negative)
oli -tetty (impersonal pluperfect positive)
ei olt -tetty (impersonal negative pluperfect)
-ttäisin (first-person positive present singular)
en -ttäis (first-person negative present singular)
olisin -ttänt (first-person perfect positive singular)
olisin -ttänyt (first-person perfect positive singular)
en olis -ttänt (first-person negative perfect singular)
en olis -ttänyt (first-person negative perfect singular)
-ttäisit (positive present second-person singular)
-ttäist (positive present second-person singular)
et -ttäis (negative present second-person singular)
olisit -ttänt (perfect positive second-person singular)
olisit -ttänyt (perfect positive second-person singular)
et olis -ttänt (negative perfect second-person singular)
et olis -ttänyt (negative perfect second-person singular)
-ttäis (positive present singular third-person)
ei -ttäis (negative present singular third-person)
olis -ttänt (perfect positive singular third-person)
olis -ttänyt (perfect positive singular third-person)
ei olis -ttänt (negative perfect singular third-person)
ei olis -ttänyt (negative perfect singular third-person)
-ttäisimmä (first-person plural positive present)
emmä -ttäis (first-person negative plural present)
olisimma -ttäneet (first-person perfect plural positive)
emmä olis -ttäneet (first-person negative perfect plural)
-ttäisittä (plural positive present second-person)
että -ttäis (negative plural present second-person)
olisitta -ttäneet (perfect plural positive second-person)
että olis -ttäneet (negative perfect plural second-person)
-ttäisiit (plural positive present third-person)
-ttäisivät (plural positive present third-person)
-tettäis (plural positive present third-person)
evät -ttäis (negative plural present third-person)
ei -tettäis (negative plural present third-person)
olisivat -ttäneet (perfect plural positive third-person)
evät olis -ttäneet (negative perfect plural third-person)
ei olis -tetty (negative perfect plural third-person)
-tettäis (impersonal positive present)
ei -tettäis (impersonal negative present)
olis -tetty (impersonal perfect positive)
ei olis -tetty (impersonal negative perfect)
-tä (positive present second-person singular)
elä -tä (negative present second-person singular)
oo -ttänt (perfect positive second-person singular)
oo -ttänyt (perfect positive second-person singular)
elä oo -ttänt (negative perfect second-person singular)
elä oo -ttänyt (negative perfect second-person singular)
-ttäköö (positive present singular third-person)
elköö -ttäkö (negative present singular third-person)
olkoo -ttänt (perfect positive singular third-person)
olkoo -ttänyt (perfect positive singular third-person)
elköö olko -ttänt (negative perfect singular third-person)
elköö olko -ttänyt (negative perfect singular third-person)
-ttäkää (plural positive present second-person)
elkää -ttäkö (negative plural present second-person)
olkaa -ttäneet (perfect plural positive second-person)
elkää olko -ttäneet (negative perfect plural second-person)
-ttäkööt (plural positive present third-person)
elkööt -ttäkö (negative plural present third-person)
elköö -tettäkö (negative plural present third-person)
olkoot -ttäneet (perfect plural positive third-person)
elkööt olko -ttäneet (negative perfect plural third-person)
elköö olko -tetty (negative perfect plural third-person)
-tettäkköö (impersonal positive present)
elköö -tettäkö (impersonal negative present)
olkoo -tetty (impersonal perfect positive)
elköö olko -tetty (impersonal negative perfect)
-ttänen (first-person positive present singular)
en -ttäne (first-person negative present singular)
-ttänet (positive present second-person singular)
et -ttäne (negative present second-person singular)
-ttänöö (positive present singular third-person)
ei -ttäne (negative present singular third-person)
-ttänemmä (first-person plural positive present)
emmä -ttäne (first-person negative plural present)
-ttänettä (plural positive present second-person)
että -ttäne (negative plural present second-person)
-ttänööt (plural positive present third-person)
evät -ttäne (negative plural present third-person)
ei -tettäne (negative plural present third-person)
-tettännöö (impersonal positive present)
ei -tettäne (impersonal negative present)
-ttää (infinitive infinitive-i)
-ttävä (active participle present)
-tettävä (participle passive present)
-ttäjees (inessive infinitive infinitive-ii)
-ttänt (active participle past)
-ttänyt (active participle past)
-tetty (participle passive past)
-ttäen (infinitive infinitive-ii instructive)
-ttämää (illative infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ttämääs (inessive infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ttämäst (elative infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ttämätä (abessive infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ttämiin (infinitive infinitive-iv nominative)
-ttämistä (infinitive infinitive-iv partitive)
-ttämist (infinitive infinitive-iv partitive)
-tän (first-person positive present singular)
en -tä (first-person negative present singular)
oon -ttänt (first-person perfect positive singular)
oon -ttänyt (first-person perfect positive singular)
en oo -ttänt (first-person negative perfect singular)
en oo -ttänyt (first-person negative perfect singular)
-tät (positive present second-person singular)
et -tä (negative present second-person singular)
oot -ttänt (perfect positive second-person singular)
oot -ttänyt (perfect positive second-person singular)
et oo -ttänt (negative perfect second-person singular)
et oo -ttänyt (negative perfect second-person singular)
-ttää (positive present singular third-person)
ei -tä (negative present singular third-person)
ono -ttänt (perfect positive singular third-person)
ono -ttänyt (perfect positive singular third-person)
ei oo -ttänt (negative perfect singular third-person)
ei oo -ttänyt (negative perfect singular third-person)
-tämmä (first-person plural positive present)
emmä -tä (first-person negative plural present)
oomma -ttäneet (first-person perfect plural positive)
emmä oo -ttäneet (first-person negative perfect plural)
-tättä (plural positive present second-person)
että -tä (negative plural present second-person)
ootta -ttäneet (perfect plural positive second-person)
että oo -ttäneet (negative perfect plural second-person)
-ttäät (plural positive present third-person)
-ttävät (plural positive present third-person)
-tetää (plural positive present third-person)
evät -tä (negative plural present third-person)
ei -tetä (negative plural present third-person)
ovat -ttäneet (perfect plural positive third-person)
evät oo -ttäneet (negative perfect plural third-person)
ei oo -tetty (negative perfect plural third-person)
-tetää (impersonal positive present)
ei -tetä (impersonal negative present)
ono -tetty (impersonal perfect positive)
ei oo -tetty (impersonal negative perfect)
-töin (first-person imperfect positive singular)
en -ttänt (first-person imperfect negative singular)
en -ttänyt (first-person imperfect negative singular)
olin -ttänt (first-person pluperfect positive singular)
olin -ttänyt (first-person pluperfect positive singular)
en olt -ttänt (first-person negative pluperfect singular)
en olt -ttänyt (first-person negative pluperfect singular)
-töit (imperfect positive second-person singular)
et -ttänt (imperfect negative second-person singular)
et -ttänyt (imperfect negative second-person singular)
olit -ttänt (pluperfect positive second-person singular)
olit -ttänyt (pluperfect positive second-person singular)
et olt -ttänt (negative pluperfect second-person singular)
et olt -ttänyt (negative pluperfect second-person singular)
-ttöi (imperfect positive singular third-person)
ei -ttänt (imperfect negative singular third-person)
ei -ttänyt (imperfect negative singular third-person)
oli -ttänt (pluperfect positive singular third-person)
oli -ttänyt (pluperfect positive singular third-person)
ei olt -ttänt (negative pluperfect singular third-person)
ei olt -ttänyt (negative pluperfect singular third-person)
-töimmä (first-person imperfect plural positive)
emmä -ttäneet (first-person imperfect negative plural)
olimma -ttäneet (first-person pluperfect plural positive)
emmä olleet -ttäneet (first-person negative pluperfect plural)
-töittä (imperfect plural positive second-person)
että -ttäneet (imperfect negative plural second-person)
olitta -ttäneet (pluperfect plural positive second-person)
että olleet -ttäneet (negative pluperfect plural second-person)
-ttöit (imperfect plural positive third-person)
-ttöivät (imperfect plural positive third-person)
-tettii (imperfect plural positive third-person)
evät -ttäneet (imperfect negative plural third-person)
ei -tetty (imperfect negative plural third-person)
olivat -ttäneet (pluperfect plural positive third-person)
evät olleet -ttäneet (negative pluperfect plural third-person)
ei olt -tetty (negative pluperfect plural third-person)
-tettii (imperfect impersonal positive)
ei -tetty (imperfect impersonal negative)
oli -tetty (impersonal pluperfect positive)
ei olt -tetty (impersonal negative pluperfect)
-ttäisin (first-person positive present singular)
en -ttäis (first-person negative present singular)
olisin -ttänt (first-person perfect positive singular)
olisin -ttänyt (first-person perfect positive singular)
en olis -ttänt (first-person negative perfect singular)
en olis -ttänyt (first-person negative perfect singular)
-ttäisit (positive present second-person singular)
-ttäist (positive present second-person singular)
et -ttäis (negative present second-person singular)
olisit -ttänt (perfect positive second-person singular)
olisit -ttänyt (perfect positive second-person singular)
et olis -ttänt (negative perfect second-person singular)
et olis -ttänyt (negative perfect second-person singular)
-ttäis (positive present singular third-person)
ei -ttäis (negative present singular third-person)
olis -ttänt (perfect positive singular third-person)
olis -ttänyt (perfect positive singular third-person)
ei olis -ttänt (negative perfect singular third-person)
ei olis -ttänyt (negative perfect singular third-person)
-ttäisimmä (first-person plural positive present)
emmä -ttäis (first-person negative plural present)
olisimma -ttäneet (first-person perfect plural positive)
emmä olis -ttäneet (first-person negative perfect plural)
-ttäisittä (plural positive present second-person)
että -ttäis (negative plural present second-person)
olisitta -ttäneet (perfect plural positive second-person)
että olis -ttäneet (negative perfect plural second-person)
-ttäisiit (plural positive present third-person)
-ttäisivät (plural positive present third-person)
-tettäis (plural positive present third-person)
evät -ttäis (negative plural present third-person)
ei -tettäis (negative plural present third-person)
olisivat -ttäneet (perfect plural positive third-person)
evät olis -ttäneet (negative perfect plural third-person)
ei olis -tetty (negative perfect plural third-person)
-tettäis (impersonal positive present)
ei -tettäis (impersonal negative present)
olis -tetty (impersonal perfect positive)
ei olis -tetty (impersonal negative perfect)
-tä (positive present second-person singular)
elä -tä (negative present second-person singular)
oo -ttänt (perfect positive second-person singular)
oo -ttänyt (perfect positive second-person singular)
elä oo -ttänt (negative perfect second-person singular)
elä oo -ttänyt (negative perfect second-person singular)
-ttäköö (positive present singular third-person)
elköö -ttäkö (negative present singular third-person)
olkoo -ttänt (perfect positive singular third-person)
olkoo -ttänyt (perfect positive singular third-person)
elköö olko -ttänt (negative perfect singular third-person)
elköö olko -ttänyt (negative perfect singular third-person)
-ttäkää (plural positive present second-person)
elkää -ttäkö (negative plural present second-person)
olkaa -ttäneet (perfect plural positive second-person)
elkää olko -ttäneet (negative perfect plural second-person)
-ttäkööt (plural positive present third-person)
elkööt -ttäkö (negative plural present third-person)
elköö -tettäkö (negative plural present third-person)
olkoot -ttäneet (perfect plural positive third-person)
elkööt olko -ttäneet (negative perfect plural third-person)
elköö olko -tetty (negative perfect plural third-person)
-tettäkköö (impersonal positive present)
elköö -tettäkö (impersonal negative present)
olkoo -tetty (impersonal perfect positive)
elköö olko -tetty (impersonal negative perfect)
-ttänen (first-person positive present singular)
en -ttäne (first-person negative present singular)
-ttänet (positive present second-person singular)
et -ttäne (negative present second-person singular)
-ttänöö (positive present singular third-person)
ei -ttäne (negative present singular third-person)
-ttänemmä (first-person plural positive present)
emmä -ttäne (first-person negative plural present)
-ttänettä (plural positive present second-person)
että -ttäne (negative plural present second-person)
-ttänööt (plural positive present third-person)
evät -ttäne (negative plural present third-person)
ei -tettäne (negative plural present third-person)
-tettännöö (impersonal positive present)
ei -tettäne (impersonal negative present)
-ttää (infinitive infinitive-i)
-ttävä (active participle present)
-tettävä (participle passive present)
-ttäjees (inessive infinitive infinitive-ii)
-ttänt (active participle past)
-ttänyt (active participle past)
-tetty (participle passive past)
-ttäen (infinitive infinitive-ii instructive)
-ttämää (illative infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ttämääs (inessive infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ttämäst (elative infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ttämätä (abessive infinitive infinitive-iii)
-ttämiin (infinitive infinitive-iv nominative)
-ttämistä (infinitive infinitive-iv partitive)
-ttämist (infinitive infinitive-iv partitive)


-kó

Ferenc (“Francis”) + -kó → Ferkó (“Frank”)

(diminutive suffix) Added to a word to express smallness or endearment. No longer productive.


-kő

Benedek (“Benedict”) + -kő → Benkő (“Ben”)


-ikó

First attested in 1595. From -i (diminutive suffix) + -kó (diminutive suffix).

affix

ház (“house”) + -ikó → házikó (“small house”)

láda (“chest, box”) + -ikó → ládikó (“small chest/box”)

(diminutive suffix) Added to a noun to express smallness or endearment.


Berkeleio-

Are we entitled, therefore, to force this on the Catholic youth of Ireland, with or without its Berkeleio-Humeian developments, or its farther mystification of German verbiage; or shall we cut it out, and substitute for Locke, and Butler, and Hallam, and Macaulay, “Catholic” History, Metaphysics, and Sociology?

1868, Humphrey LloydJames MacIvorPaul Cullenet al., University Education in Ireland, page 7:


-janą

-jō (active first-person indicative singular)
-jaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-jai (first-person indicative passive singular)
-isi (active indicative second-person singular)
-jais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-i (active imperative second-person singular)
-jasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
-jaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-iþi (active indicative singular third-person)
-jai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-jaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
-jaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
-jaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-jōs (active dual first-person indicative)
-jaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-jaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-jaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-jaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
-jamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
-jaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-janþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
-jainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
-iþ (active indicative plural second-person)
-jaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-iþ (active imperative plural second-person)
-janþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
-jainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-janþi (active indicative plural third-person)
-jain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-janþau (active imperative plural third-person)
-janþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
-jainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-idǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
-idēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-idēz (active indicative second-person singular)
-idēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-idē (active indicative singular third-person)
-idēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-idēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
-idēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-idēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-idēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-idēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
-idēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-idēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
-idēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-idēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
-idēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-jandz (active participle present)
-idaz (active participle past subjunctive)
-ijō (active first-person indicative singular)
-ijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-ijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
-īsi (active indicative second-person singular)
-ijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-ī (active imperative second-person singular)
-ijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
-ijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-īþi (active indicative singular third-person)
-ijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-ijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
-ijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
-ijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-ijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
-ijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-ijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-ijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-ijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
-ijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
-ijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-ijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
-ijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
-īþ (active indicative plural second-person)
-ijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-īþ (active imperative plural second-person)
-ijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
-ijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-ijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
-ijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-ijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
-ijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
-ijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-idǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
-idēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-idēz (active indicative second-person singular)
-idēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-idē (active indicative singular third-person)
-idēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-idēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
-idēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-idēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-idēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-idēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
-idēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-idēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
-idēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-idēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
-idēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-ijandz (active participle present)
-idaz (active participle past subjunctive)

From Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti (causative suffix).
Cognates include most Latin -īre (fourth conjugation) verbs, some -ēre (second conjugation) verbs, Proto-Slavic *-iti causative verbs, most Ancient Greek -έω (-éō) contracted verbs, Sanskrit denominative verbs in -अयति (-ayáti).

inh

Derives causatives from basic strong verbs, with a sense of 'cause to do (the action of the verb)'. The stem vowel of the derived verb becomes that of the singular past tense, and the final consonant becomes the voiced Verner alternant.


-ōną

-ō (active first-person indicative singular)
-ǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-ōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
-ōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
-ōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-ō (active imperative second-person singular)
-ōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
-ōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-ōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
-ō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-ōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
-ōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
-ōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-ōs (active dual first-person indicative)
-ōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-ōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-ōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-ōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
-ōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
-ōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-ōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
-ōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
-ōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
-ōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-ōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
-ōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
-ōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-ōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
-ōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-ōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
-ōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
-ōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-ōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
-ōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-ōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
-ōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-ōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
-ōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-ōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
-ōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-ōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-ōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-ōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
-ōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-ōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
-ōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-ōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
-ōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-ōndz (active participle present)
-ōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *-ōn
Old English: -ian
Middle English: -ien, -en
Scots: -e (obsolete)
English: -en, -e (obsolete)
Old Frisian: -ia
North Frisian: -je
Saterland Frisian: -je
West Frisian: -je
Old Saxon: -ōn, -oian
Middle Low German: -en
Low German: -en
Old Dutch: -on
Middle Dutch: -en
Dutch: -en
Old High German: -ōn
Middle High German: -en
German: -en

Proto-Norse:

Old Norse: -a
Danish: -e
Icelandic: -a
Faroese: -a
Norwegian:
Norwegian Nynorsk: -e, -a
Old Swedish: -a
Swedish: -a

Gothic: -𐍉𐌽 (-ōn)

From two sources, both reflecting earlier *-ōjaną:
* From Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti, an innovated compound suffix from *-éh₂ (eh₂-stem noun suffix) + *-yéti (verbal suffix). These were originally formed as denominative verbs from ō-stem nouns. When attached to thematic (a-stem) nouns, the thematic vowel was also retained, but the resulting compound suffix *-eyé- became part of the first weak class instead.
* From Proto-Indo-European *-(e)h₂yéti, an innovated compound suffix from *-(e)h₂ti (factitive verb suffix) which was originally athematic, but later extended with the thematic present suffix *-yéti.
Cognates include Latin -āre (the whole first conjugation in the present) together with its Proto-Italic ancestor *-āō, Ancient Greek -άω (-áō, contracted verb), -अयति (-ayati) (for the causative in Sanskrit), Proto-Celtic *-āti and Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei (whence the infinite Proto-Slavic *-ati, referring again to the whole conjugation).
Note that Ringe (2017) reconstructs this suffix with a trimoric vowel, *-ôną (or, following his own conventions, *-ō̄ną). See Ringe (2017: 160).

cog

Suffix of the infinitive. Creates denominative verbs from nouns.

Suffix of the infinitive. Creates factitive verbs from adjectives.


-fito

From Ancient Greek φυτόν (phutón, “plant”).


-fito

es-noun

-fito m (noun-forming suffix, plural -fitos)


my-

Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs, “mouse, mussel, muscle”)


chole-

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”).

(anatomy, medicine) Relating to bile pigments.

(anatomy, medicine) Relating to bile ducts.


chole-

chole- + cystografia → cholecystografia


-manie

From Ancient Greek μανία (manía), Manie (“mania”).


-manie

From French -manie, from Ancient Greek μανία (manía).


fra-

desctree

Old English: for-, fer-, fær-, fier-
Middle English: for-, far-, fer-, vor-, ver-
English: for-
Scots: for-

Old Frisian: for-

Saterland Frisian: fer-

West Frisian: for-, fer-

Old Saxon: far-, fir-, for-
Middle Low German: vor-
Low German: for-, ver-

Old Dutch: far-, for-, fer-

Middle Dutch: ver-
Dutch: ver-

Old High German: far-, fir-

Middle High German: ver-

German: ver-

Yiddish: פֿאַר־ (far-)

From Proto-Germanic *fra-, merging with *furi- and *firi-.

forms verbs with the sense of "away from" or "off of"


anda-

Old English: and-, an-, ond-, on-

English: an-, and-, on-, un-

Old Frisian: *and-, und-, ant-

Saterland Frisian: änt-

West Frisian: unt-, ûnt, ûnd

Old Saxon: and-

Middle Low German: ent-

German Low German: ent-

Old Dutch: ant-

Middle Dutch: ont-, ant-

Dutch: ont-

Afrikaans: ont-

Old High German: ant-, anta-, int-

Middle High German: ent-, -int-, ant-

German: ent-, emp-


-īnaz

*-īnaz (a-stem)

-īnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
-īnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
-īnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
-īnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
-īną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
-īnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
-īnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
-īnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
-īnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
-īnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
-īną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
-īnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
-īnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
-īnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
-īnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
-īnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
-īnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
-īnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
-īnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
-īnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
-īnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
-īnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
-īnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
-īnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
-īnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
-īnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
-īnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
-īnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
-īnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
-īnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
-īnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
-īnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
-īnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
-īnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
-īnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
-īnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
-īnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
-īnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
-īnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
-īnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
-īniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
-īnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
-īnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
-īnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
-īniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
-īnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
-īnini (dative masculine singular weak)
-īnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
-īnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
-īnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
-īnini (dative neuter singular weak)
-īnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
-īninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
-īnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
-īnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
-īnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
-īninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
-īnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: -en

Middle English: -en

Scots: -en, -in

English: -en

Old Saxon: -īn

Middle Low German: -en

Low German: -en

Old Dutch: *-īn

Middle Dutch: -ijn, -en

Dutch: -en

Old High German: -īn

Middle High German: -en

German: -en, -ern

Old Norse: -inn

Icelandic: -inn

Gothic: -𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (-eins)

From Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. Cognate with Latin -īnus and Ancient Greek -ινος (-inos).

-en. Originally forming adjectives of material from nouns, meaning 'made of (noun)'; either later in proto-Germanic proper or a subsequent development in pre-Germanic expanding to also form adjectives or nominalised adjectives pertaining to a thing, as in ‘characteristic of (noun)’.


-ārijaz

-ārijaz (nominative singular)
-ārijōz (nominative plural)
-ārijōs (nominative plural)
-ārī (singular vocative)
-ārijōz (plural vocative)
-ārijōs (plural vocative)
-āriją (accusative singular)
-ārijanz (accusative plural)
-ārijas (genitive singular)
-ārīs (genitive singular)
-ārijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
-ārijai (dative singular)
-ārijamaz (dative plural)
-ārijō (instrumental singular)
-ārijamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *-ārī
Old English: -ere, -re
Middle English: -er, -are, -ere
English: -er
Scots: -ar
Old Frisian: -ere
Saterland Frisian: -er
West Frisian: -er
Old Saxon: -āri
Middle Low German: -ære, -ēre, -ere
Low German: -er
Old Dutch: *-āri, -ere
Middle Dutch: -ere
Dutch: -er, -aar
Afrikaans: -er
Limburgish: -er
Old High German: -āri, -ari, -eri
Middle High German: -ære, -er
Alemannic German: -er
Bavarian: -er
Cimbrian: -ar
German: -er
Luxembourgish: -er
Yiddish: ־ער (-er)

Proto-Norse:

Old Norse: -ari
Icelandic: -ari
Faroese: -ari
Norwegian Nynorsk: -ar; (dialectal) -ari, -are, -ær
Old Swedish: -are, -ari
Swedish: -are
Old Danish: -eræ
Danish: -er
Norwegian Bokmål: -er
→ Estonian: -r
→ Finnish: -ari, -uri

Gothic: -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-āreis)
→ Proto-Slavic: *-ařь (see there for further descendants)

Usually held to be a borrowing from Latin -ārius; at the very least, it was probably influenced and reinforced by it.
However, Gąsiorowski instead suggests that *-ārijaz is a native formation; he derives it from earlier *-azrijaz, which he etymologises as a zero-grade form of *-sōr suffixed with *-ih₂, creating a suffix *-sr-ih₂ for forming feminine agent nouns, which was then masculinised by attaching *-ós. He also suggests a relation to Proto-West Germanic *-astrijā.


-förmig

apfelförmig


-do

Cognates include Minica Huitoto -do and Nüpode Huitoto -do.


-ndz

-ndz (nominative singular)
-ndiz (nominative plural)
-nd (singular vocative)
-ndiz (plural vocative)
-ndų (accusative singular)
-ndunz (accusative plural)
-ndiz (genitive singular)
-ndǫ̂ (genitive plural)
-ndi (dative singular)
-ndumaz (dative plural)
-ndē (instrumental singular)
-ndumiz (instrumental plural)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *-andī (participle ending)

Old English: -ande, -ende

Middle English: -ende, -and, -inde, -inge

English: -and, -ant, -ing

Scots: -and, -in

Old High German: -endi, -enti, -anti

Middle High German: -end

German: -end

Proto-West Germanic: *-andi (agent noun)

Old English: -end, -and

Middle English: -and, -end, -ant, -nd

English: -and

Scots: -an

Old Saxon: -und, -and, -ond

Middle Low German: -end, -ant, -ent

German Low German: -end

Old High German: -nt, -unt, -ant

Middle High German: -nt, -ant, -ent

German: -end

Proto-Norse:

desctree

Old Norse: -andi
Icelandic: -andi
Faroese: -andi
Norwegian Nynorsk: -ande
Old Swedish: -andi, -ande
Swedish: -ande, -ende
Danish: -ende
Norwegian Bokmål: -ende

Gothic: -𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-nds)

-ing one, -er. Forms agent nouns from verbs. Identical in form and meaning to the present participle.


aedoe-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek αἰδοῖα (aidoîa, “privy parts, pudenda”).

bor

The primitive penis — not to be confused with the aedoeagus — […]

1984, Prolegs, legs and wings of insects: Entomonograph, volume 5, page 83:


-uno

sablo (“sand”) + -uno → sabluno (“a grain of sand”)

grelo (“hail”) + -uno → greluno (“a hailstone”)


-uno

rup (“silver”) + -uno → rupuno (“made of silver”)

somnakaj (“gold”) + -uno → somnakuno (“golden”)

Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning "made of".


-uno

es-adj

-uno (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -una, masculine plural -unos, feminine plural -unas)

-una (feminine)
-unos (masculine plural)
-unas (feminine plural)

Alternative form of -ano; -ian; coming from, related to, or like, or one from, belonging to, relating to, made from, or like


-centrism

A focus on, or belief in the superiority of, one culture, people, place, or other thing.


-ten

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ën. Related to Karelian -ten and Veps -te. Originally from an instructive form, probably by analogy of instructive forms of the second infinitive forms of verbs (such as arvata > arvaten, whence arvatenkin with an additional clitic).


-ten

From Old English -ettan, from Proto-West Germanic *-attjan and *-ittjan.

(rare) used to form verbs from nouns or adjectives, similar to English -ize


-wa

-wa (nominative singular)
-wy (nominative plural)
-wy (genitive singular)
-w (genitive plural)
-wie (dative singular)
-wom (dative plural)
-wę (accusative singular)
-wy (accusative plural)
-wą (instrumental singular)
-wami (instrumental plural)
-wie (locative singular)
-wach (locative plural)
-wo (singular vocative)
-wy (plural vocative)

prukać + -wa → prukwa


-ïng

beïng, doïng, goïng

skiïng, tryïng


-der

From Old Irish -atóir, from Latin -tor, -tōrem.

çhengey (“language”) + -der → çhengeyder (“linguist”)

yl-phoosey (“polygamy”) + -der → yl-phooseyder (“polygamist”)

Suffix appended to words to create an agent noun, indicating a person who does (or a thing that does) something.


-der

From Proto-Celtic *-teros (comparative suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *-teros. Cognate with Cornish -der.

inh

dewr (“brave”) + -der → dewrder (“bravery”)

prin (“rare, scarce”) + -der → prinder (“lack, scarcity”)

eang (“wide”) + -der → ehangder (“breadth, expanse”)


-oecious

From Ancient Greek οἰκία (oikía, “house”) + -ous.

affix

(biology) Forms adjectives describing the host of an organism.


-foni

From Ancient Greek -φωνία (-phōnía), from φωνή (phōnḗ, “voice”).


phylo-

From Ancient Greek φῦλον (phûlon, “tribe, genus, species”).

der

genus, species, when referring to living organisms


-som

From Old Norse -samr. Related to samme (“same”). Compare Albanian -shëm, -sham.

-some (characterized by some specific condition or quality)


-som

English: -some

From Old English -sum (“same as; -some”), from Proto-West Germanic *-sam, from Proto-Germanic *-samaz


-som

Irish: -san

Manx: -syn

Scottish Gaelic: -san

-sem

used in later texts after palatalized consonants and front vowels

Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor

and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject

and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object

emphatic suffix of the following persons; used after velarized consonants and back vowels


-som

-som (nominative singular)
-somy (nominative plural)
-somu (genitive singular)
-somów (genitive plural)
-somowi (dative singular)
-somom (dative plural)
-som (accusative singular)
-somy (accusative plural)
-somem (instrumental singular)
-somami (instrumental plural)
-somie (locative singular)
-somach (locative plural)
-somie (singular vocative)
-somy (plural vocative)

alo- + -som → alosom


-pnea

Representing -πνοια (-pnoia), the common terminal element of the Ancient Greek ἄπνοια (ápnoia, “apnea”), δύσπνοια (dúspnoia, “dyspnea”), εὔπνοια (eúpnoia, “eupnea”), ὀρθόπνοια (orthópnoia, “orthopnea”), etc, from πνέω (pnéō, “I blow”) and πνοή (pnoḗ, “breath, breathing”).


-rrhœa

(British spelling) Obsolete spelling of -rrhoea.


־שהו

־שֶׁהוּ (canonical)
-shehu (romanization)
־שהי (feminine)


gi-

Middle High German: ge-

Alemannic German: g- or ge- (euphonic)

Bavarian: g-

German: ge-

Luxembourgish: ge-

Vilamovian: gy-

Yiddish: גע־ (ge-)

From Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm.


gi-

Middle Low German: ge-

Low German: ge-, e-, je-

gibūr (“neighbour”)

gibrōthar (“brothers”)

gisunfadar (“father and son”)

giswestar (“siblings”)


at-

From Middle English at-, et-, æt-, from Old English æt- (“at, near, toward, beyond, away”). Doublet of ad-. More at at.

inh

(obsolete, no longer productive) Prefix meaning at, close to, to, away, off.


at-

Usually found on verbs (and their derived nouns or adjectives) with the meaning 'away,' or also 'open' (like Russian от- (ot-)).


at-

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ot (“back, away, from”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eti (“beyond, over”). Cognate with Latvian at- (“away, open”), Proto-Slavic *otъ (“from”), Sanskrit अति (ati, “beyond, over”), Latin et (“and”).

atbėgti

atmesti

atvažiuoti

at- + vykti (“to go”) → atvykti (“to arrive”)

(in verbs) prefix indicating movement towards something (esp. speaker)

atbėgti

atlaužti

atidaryti

atvažiuoti

(in verbs) indicates the result of an action


at-

at- + hebu (“to speak, to say”) → ateb (“to answer”)

at- + tyfu (“to grow”) → atyfu (“to germinate”)

at- + ffurfio (“to form”) → atffurfio (“to reform, to regenerate”)

at- + cas (“hated, nasty”) → atgas (“hateful, detestable”)

affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word


hæmo-

(medicine) Alternative spelling of haemo-


again-

From Middle English agen-, ayen-, from Old English ongēan- (“towards, opposite, against, back, again, anew”). More at again.

(obsolete, no longer productive) Prefix meaning again, against, back, or in return.


-makare

From Old Norse -makari (“-maker”). Compare Danish -mager.

-maker; making agent nouns for manufacturers


far-

far- (mutation mutation-radical)
ar- (lenition mutation)
var- (eclipsis mutation)


far-

Middle Low German: vor-

Low German: for-, ver-

From Proto-Germanic *firi- (“around, across”), *fra- (“away from, off of, fully”), *furi- (“before, forth, forward”).

farbrekan (“to violate”)

farswindan (“to disappear”)

fargeƀan (“to forgive”)

used to create intensified adjectives and verbs from other adjectives and verbs, with the sense of completely or fully. Compare Modern English use of up


missa-

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *missa-, *missī-
Old English: mis-
Middle English: mys-, mes-, mis-
English: mis-
Scots: mis-
Old Frisian: mis-
Saterland Frisian: mis-
West Frisian: mis-
Old Saxon: mis-
Middle Low German: mis-, misse-
German Low German: miss-
Old Dutch: mis-
Middle Dutch: mis-
Dutch: mis-
Afrikaans: mis-
Old High German: missa-, missi-
Middle High German: misse-
German: miss-, mis-
→ Vulgar Latin: *messa-
Old French: mes-
Middle French: mes-
French: més-, mé-
Occitan: mes-

Old Norse: mis-
Icelandic: mis-
Faroese: mis-
Norwegian Bokmål: mis-
Swedish: miss-
Danish: mis-

Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌰- (missa-)


missa-

Old English: mis-
Middle English: mys-, mes-, mis-
English: mis-
Scots: mis-

Old Frisian: mis-

Saterland Frisian: mis-

West Frisian: mis-

Old Saxon: mis-

Middle Low German: mis-, misse-

German Low German: miss-

Old Dutch: mis-
Middle Dutch: mis-
Dutch: mis-
Afrikaans: mis-

Old High German: missa-, missi-

Middle High German: misse-

German: miss-, mis-

→ Vulgar Latin: *messa-

Old French: mes-

Middle French: mes-

French: més-, mé-

Occitan: mes-


-mentum

-menta (plural)
-mentum (nominative singular)
-menta (nominative plural)
-mentī (genitive singular)
-mentōrum (genitive plural)
-mentō (dative singular)
-mentīs (dative plural)
-mentum (accusative singular)
-menta (accusative plural)
-mentō (ablative singular)
-mentīs (ablative plural)
-mentum (singular vocative)
-menta (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: -mintu

Romanian: -mânt, -ment

Italo-Romance:

Italian: -mento

Sicilian: -mentu

Padanian:

Friulian: -ment

Venetan: -mento

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: -ment

Franco-Provençal: -ment

Old French: -ment (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: -ment
Occitan: -ment

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: -mientu

Galician: -mento

Portuguese: -mento

Spanish: -mento, -miento

Borrowings:

→ Basque: -mendu

→ Dutch: -ment

→ English: -ment

→ German: -ment

→ Norwegian Bokmål: -ment

[ˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Derived from the Latin suffix -menta in collective nouns like armenta (“herd, flock”). Latin -menta is from Latin -mentum (singular), from Proto-Italic *-məntom, from the plural Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥teh₂ (*-mn̥ + *-teh₂, plural of *-mn̥-to-).

instrument, medium, or result of; e.g. monumentum


-èd

(poetic) Alternative spelling of -ed, indicating that the last syllable is fully enunciated.


-mō

-mō (nominative singular)
é-mō (nominative singular)
é₁ (dual nominative)
é₁e (dual nominative)
-mones (nominative plural)
é-mones (nominative plural)
-mon (singular vocative)
é-mon (singular vocative)
é₁ (dual vocative)
é₁e (dual vocative)
-mones (plural vocative)
é-mones (plural vocative)
-monm̥ (accusative singular)
é-monm̥ (accusative singular)
é₁ (accusative dual)
é₁e (accusative dual)
-monm̥s (accusative plural)
é-monm̥s (accusative plural)
-m̥nés (genitive singular)
Ø-m̥nés (genitive singular)
-m̥nóHom (genitive plural)
Ø-m̥nóHom (genitive plural)
-m̥nés (ablative singular)
Ø-m̥nés (ablative singular)
-mn̥mós (ablative plural)
Ø-mn̥mós (ablative plural)
-mn̥bʰós (ablative plural)
Ø-mn̥bʰós (ablative plural)
-m̥néy (dative singular)
Ø-m̥néy (dative singular)
-mn̥mós (dative plural)
Ø-mn̥mós (dative plural)
-mn̥bʰós (dative plural)
Ø-mn̥bʰós (dative plural)
-mén (locative singular)
Ø-mén (locative singular)
-méni (locative singular)
Ø-méni (locative singular)
-mn̥sú (locative plural)
Ø-mn̥sú (locative plural)
Ø-m̥néh₁ (instrumental singular)
-mn̥mís (instrumental plural)
Ø-mn̥mís (instrumental plural)
-mn̥bʰís (instrumental plural)
Ø-mn̥bʰís (instrumental plural)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-mō

Lithuanian: -muo

Proto-Slavic: *-my

Proto-Celtic: *-mū

Old Irish: -em

Proto-Hellenic: *-mōn

Ancient Greek: -μων (-mōn)

Proto-Germanic: *-mô (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-mā

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-mā

Sanskrit: -मन् (-man)

Proto-Iranian: *-mā

Avestan: -𐬨𐬀 (-ma), -𐬨𐬀𐬥 (-man)

Proto-Italic: *-mō

Latin: -mōnium, -mōnia

Cognates with a different ablaut:
* *-mn̥
* *-mḗn
See also *-h₃onh₂- and *-ō.


-mō

-mō (nominative singular)
-man (nominative plural)
-man (accusative singular)
-man (accusative plural)
-mini (genitive singular)
-man (genitive singular)
-manō (genitive plural)
-mini (dative singular)
-man (dative singular)
-mum (dative plural)
-mini (instrumental singular)
-man (instrumental singular)
-mum (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: -ma

West Frisian: -me, -tme (literary)

Old Saxon: -mo

Old High German: -mo, -amo, -emo

From Proto-Germanic *-mô, from Proto-Indo-European *-mō.

(rare) Forms abstract nouns from verbs, denoting a quality, state, or instrument.


-isōną

-isō (active first-person indicative singular)
-isǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-isōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
-isōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
-isōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-isō (active imperative second-person singular)
-isōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
-isōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-isōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
-isō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-isōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
-isōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
-isōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-isōs (active dual first-person indicative)
-isōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-isōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-isōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-isōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
-isōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
-isōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-isōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
-isōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
-isōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
-isōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-isōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
-isōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
-isōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-isōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
-isōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-isōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
-isōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
-isōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-isōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
-isōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-isōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
-isōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-isōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
-isōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-isōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
-isōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-isōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-isōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-isōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
-isōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-isōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
-isōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-isōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
-isōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-isōndz (active participle present)
-isōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: -sian

Middle English: -sen

English: -se, -ce

Old Saxon: -isōn

Old High German: -isōn

Old Norse: -sa

Icelandic: -sa

Norwegian: -se

Swedish: -sa

Danish: -se

Gothic: -𐌹𐍃𐍉𐌽 (-isōn)

Creates denominatives from adjectives or nouns.


-inōną

-inō (active first-person indicative singular)
-inǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-inōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
-inōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
-inōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-inō (active imperative second-person singular)
-inōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
-inōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-inōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
-inō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-inōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
-inōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
-inōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-inōs (active dual first-person indicative)
-inōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-inōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-inōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-inōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
-inōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
-inōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-inōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
-inōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
-inōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
-inōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-inōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
-inōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
-inōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-inōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
-inōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-inōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
-inōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
-inōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-inōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
-inōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-inōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
-inōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-inōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
-inōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-inōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
-inōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-inōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-inōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-inōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
-inōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-inōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
-inōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-inōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
-inōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-inōndz (active participle present)
-inōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *-inōn

Old English: -nian

desc

Middle English: -nien, -enien, -nen, -enen

English: -en

Scots: -in, -en

Old Frisian: -nia

Saterland Frisian: -enje

West Frisian: -enje

Old Saxon: *inōn, -nōn

Middle Low German: -enen

Old Dutch: *inon

Middle Dutch: -enen

Old High German: -inōn, -anōn

Middle High German: -enen, -nen

Old Norse: -na

Icelandic: -na

Norwegian Bokmål: -ne

Norwegian Nynorsk: -ne

Swedish: -na

Danish: -ne

Gothic: -𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (-inōn)

Formed from the singular oblique stem of masculine n-stems: *-in- + *-ōną.

Creates denominatives from nouns referring to persons, meaning to be or perform the duties of that person.


-atjaną

-atjō (active first-person indicative singular)
-atjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-atjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
-atisi (active indicative second-person singular)
-atjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-ati (active imperative second-person singular)
-atjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
-atjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-atiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
-atjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-atjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
-atjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
-atjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-atjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
-atjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-atjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-atjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-atjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
-atjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
-atjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-atjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
-atjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
-atiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
-atjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-atiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
-atjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
-atjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-atjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
-atjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-atjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
-atjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
-atjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-astǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
-astēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-astēz (active indicative second-person singular)
-astēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-astē (active indicative singular third-person)
-astēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-astēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
-astēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-astēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-astēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-astēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
-astēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-astēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
-astēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-astēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
-astēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-atjandz (active participle present)
-atidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *-attjan
Old English: -ettan
Middle English: thouten (“to address as 'thou'”), yeten (“to address as 'ye'”) (likely), grunten (from Old English grunnettan), spouten
English: yeet, grunt, fidget (possibly), spout, botch, haunt (via French)
Old High German: -azzen, -ezzen
Middle High German: -ezzen, -zen, -sen
German: -zen, -sen

Old Norse: -ta

Icelandic: -ta

Faroese: -ta

Norwegian Nynorsk: -ta

Old Swedish: -ta

Swedish: -ta

Danish: -te

Norwegian Bokmål: -te

Gothic: -𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-atjan)

From Proto-Indo-European *-dyé- (verbal suffix). Cognate with Ancient Greek -άζω (-ázō).

der

Creates verbs from nouns and adjectives, similar to -ise.

Creates intensive verbs from other verbs.


tricho-

From Ancient Greek θρίξ (thríx, “hair”).


tricho-

From Ancient Greek θρίξ (thríx, “hair”), (stem τριχ- (trikh-) due to Grassmann's law).


-há

Probably related to há sig einhverju (“to become addicted to something”).


-sai

(colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person singular conditional


-tus

-tus (nominative singular)
é-tus (nominative singular)
é₁ (dual nominative)
é₁e (dual nominative)
-tewes (nominative plural)
é-tewes (nominative plural)
-tu (singular vocative)
é-tu (singular vocative)
é₁ (dual vocative)
é₁e (dual vocative)
-tewes (plural vocative)
é-tewes (plural vocative)
-tum (accusative singular)
é-tum (accusative singular)
é₁ (accusative dual)
é₁e (accusative dual)
-tums (accusative plural)
é-tums (accusative plural)
-téws (genitive singular)
Ø-téws (genitive singular)
-téwoHom (genitive plural)
Ø-téwoHom (genitive plural)
-téws (ablative singular)
Ø-téws (ablative singular)
-túmos (ablative plural)
Ø-túmos (ablative plural)
-túbʰos (ablative plural)
Ø-túbʰos (ablative plural)
-téwey (dative singular)
Ø-téwey (dative singular)
-túmos (dative plural)
Ø-túmos (dative plural)
-túbʰos (dative plural)
Ø-túbʰos (dative plural)
-téw (locative singular)
Ø-téw (locative singular)
-téwi (locative singular)
Ø-téwi (locative singular)
-túsu (locative plural)
Ø-túsu (locative plural)
Ø-túh₁ (instrumental singular)
-túmis (instrumental plural)
Ø-túmis (instrumental plural)
-túbʰis (instrumental plural)
Ø-túbʰis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-tus

Latvian: -tus

Lithuanian: -tus

desc

partially; regularly extended with Proto-Slavic <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*-ъkъ</i>

Proto-Slavic: *-tъ (partially; regularly extended with Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ)

Proto-Celtic: *-tus (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *-þuz (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *-tús

Ancient Greek: -τύς (-tús)

Proto-Italic: *-tus

Latin: -tum (the supine; exists only in accusative and ablative)

Latin: -tus

Proto-Indo-Iranian:

Proto-Indo-Aryan:

Sanskrit: -तुम् (-tum)

Sanskrit: -त्व n→ Bengali: -ত্বHindi: -पन→ Hindi: -त्व→ Marathi: -त्वPunjabi: -تّ


-tus

head

-tus (front vowel harmony variant -tys, linguistic notation -tUs)

-tys (front-vowel)
-tus (nominative singular)
-tukset (nominative plural)
-tus (accusative nominative singular)
-tukset (accusative nominative plural)
-tuksen (accusative genitive singular)
-tukset (accusative genitive plural)
-tuksen (genitive singular)
-tusten (genitive plural)
-tuksien (genitive plural)
-tusta (partitive singular)
-tuksia (partitive plural)
-tuksessa (inessive singular)
-tuksissa (inessive plural)
-tuksesta (elative singular)
-tuksista (elative plural)
-tukseen (illative singular)
-tuksiin (illative plural)
-tuksella (adessive singular)
-tuksilla (adessive plural)
-tukselta (ablative singular)
-tuksilta (ablative plural)
-tukselle (allative singular)
-tuksille (allative plural)
-tuksena (essive singular)
-tuksina (essive plural)
-tukseksi (singular translative)
-tuksiksi (plural translative)
-tuksetta (abessive singular)
-tuksitta (abessive plural)
-tuksin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-tukseni (nominative singular)
-tukseni (nominative plural)
-tukseni (accusative nominative singular)
-tukseni (accusative nominative plural)
-tukseni (accusative genitive singular)
-tukseni (accusative genitive plural)
-tukseni (genitive singular)
-tusteni (genitive plural)
-tuksieni (genitive plural)
-tustani (partitive singular)
-tuksiani (partitive plural)
-tuksessani (inessive singular)
-tuksissani (inessive plural)
-tuksestani (elative singular)
-tuksistani (elative plural)
-tukseeni (illative singular)
-tuksiini (illative plural)
-tuksellani (adessive singular)
-tuksillani (adessive plural)
-tukseltani (ablative singular)
-tuksiltani (ablative plural)
-tukselleni (allative singular)
-tuksilleni (allative plural)
-tuksenani (essive singular)
-tuksinani (essive plural)
-tuksekseni (singular translative)
-tuksikseni (plural translative)
-tuksettani (abessive singular)
-tuksittani (abessive plural)
-tuksineni (comitative plural)
-tuksesi (nominative singular)
-tuksesi (nominative plural)
-tuksesi (accusative nominative singular)
-tuksesi (accusative nominative plural)
-tuksesi (accusative genitive singular)
-tuksesi (accusative genitive plural)
-tuksesi (genitive singular)
-tustesi (genitive plural)
-tuksiesi (genitive plural)
-tustasi (partitive singular)
-tuksiasi (partitive plural)
-tuksessasi (inessive singular)
-tuksissasi (inessive plural)
-tuksestasi (elative singular)
-tuksistasi (elative plural)
-tukseesi (illative singular)
-tuksiisi (illative plural)
-tuksellasi (adessive singular)
-tuksillasi (adessive plural)
-tukseltasi (ablative singular)
-tuksiltasi (ablative plural)
-tuksellesi (allative singular)
-tuksillesi (allative plural)
-tuksenasi (essive singular)
-tuksinasi (essive plural)
-tukseksesi (singular translative)
-tuksiksesi (plural translative)
-tuksettasi (abessive singular)
-tuksittasi (abessive plural)
-tuksinesi (comitative plural)
-tuksemme (nominative singular)
-tuksemme (nominative plural)
-tuksemme (accusative nominative singular)
-tuksemme (accusative nominative plural)
-tuksemme (accusative genitive singular)
-tuksemme (accusative genitive plural)
-tuksemme (genitive singular)
-tustemme (genitive plural)
-tuksiemme (genitive plural)
-tustamme (partitive singular)
-tuksiamme (partitive plural)
-tuksessamme (inessive singular)
-tuksissamme (inessive plural)
-tuksestamme (elative singular)
-tuksistamme (elative plural)
-tukseemme (illative singular)
-tuksiimme (illative plural)
-tuksellamme (adessive singular)
-tuksillamme (adessive plural)
-tukseltamme (ablative singular)
-tuksiltamme (ablative plural)
-tuksellemme (allative singular)
-tuksillemme (allative plural)
-tuksenamme (essive singular)
-tuksinamme (essive plural)
-tukseksemme (singular translative)
-tuksiksemme (plural translative)
-tuksettamme (abessive singular)
-tuksittamme (abessive plural)
-tuksinemme (comitative plural)
-tuksenne (nominative singular)
-tuksenne (nominative plural)
-tuksenne (accusative nominative singular)
-tuksenne (accusative nominative plural)
-tuksenne (accusative genitive singular)
-tuksenne (accusative genitive plural)
-tuksenne (genitive singular)
-tustenne (genitive plural)
-tuksienne (genitive plural)
-tustanne (partitive singular)
-tuksianne (partitive plural)
-tuksessanne (inessive singular)
-tuksissanne (inessive plural)
-tuksestanne (elative singular)
-tuksistanne (elative plural)
-tukseenne (illative singular)
-tuksiinne (illative plural)
-tuksellanne (adessive singular)
-tuksillanne (adessive plural)
-tukseltanne (ablative singular)
-tuksiltanne (ablative plural)
-tuksellenne (allative singular)
-tuksillenne (allative plural)
-tuksenanne (essive singular)
-tuksinanne (essive plural)
-tukseksenne (singular translative)
-tuksiksenne (plural translative)
-tuksettanne (abessive singular)
-tuksittanne (abessive plural)
-tuksinenne (comitative plural)
-tuksensa (nominative singular)
-tuksensa (nominative plural)
-tuksensa (accusative nominative singular)
-tuksensa (accusative nominative plural)
-tuksensa (accusative genitive singular)
-tuksensa (accusative genitive plural)
-tuksensa (genitive singular)
-tustensa (genitive plural)
-tuksiensa (genitive plural)
-tustaan (partitive singular)
-tustansa (partitive singular)
-tuksiaan (partitive plural)
-tuksiansa (partitive plural)
-tuksessaan (inessive singular)
-tuksessansa (inessive singular)
-tuksissaan (inessive plural)
-tuksissansa (inessive plural)
-tuksestaan (elative singular)
-tuksestansa (elative singular)
-tuksistaan (elative plural)
-tuksistansa (elative plural)
-tukseensa (illative singular)
-tuksiinsa (illative plural)
-tuksellaan (adessive singular)
-tuksellansa (adessive singular)
-tuksillaan (adessive plural)
-tuksillansa (adessive plural)
-tukseltaan (ablative singular)
-tukseltansa (ablative singular)
-tuksiltaan (ablative plural)
-tuksiltansa (ablative plural)
-tukselleen (allative singular)
-tuksellensa (allative singular)
-tuksilleen (allative plural)
-tuksillensa (allative plural)
-tuksenaan (essive singular)
-tuksenansa (essive singular)
-tuksinaan (essive plural)
-tuksinansa (essive plural)
-tuksekseen (singular translative)
-tukseksensa (singular translative)
-tuksikseen (plural translative)
-tuksiksensa (plural translative)
-tuksettaan (abessive singular)
-tuksettansa (abessive singular)
-tuksittaan (abessive plural)
-tuksittansa (abessive plural)
-tuksineen (comitative plural)
-tuksinensa (comitative plural)

By analogy with -us derivatives of verbs ending in -ttaa and -staa, which are plenty.

Alternative form of -us (forms nouns from verbs, describing an action or event)


-tus

-tus (nominative singular)
-tū (dual nominative)
-towes (nominative plural)
-tu (singular vocative)
-tū (dual vocative)
-tūs (plural vocative)
-tum (accusative singular)
-tū (accusative dual)
-tums (accusative plural)
-tous (genitive singular)
-tous (dual genitive)
-towom (genitive plural)
-tou (dative singular)
-tubom (dative dual)
-tubos (dative plural)
-tū (instrumental singular)
-tubim (dual instrumental)
-tubis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *-d

Welsh: -d

desctree

Old Irish: -ad, -ed (slender form), -ud (often with A II verbs)
Irish: -adh
Manx: -ey
Scottish Gaelic: -adh

Gaulish: -tus


-tis

-tis (nominative singular)
é-tis (nominative singular)
é₁ (dual nominative)
é₁e (dual nominative)
-teyes (nominative plural)
é-teyes (nominative plural)
-ti (singular vocative)
é-ti (singular vocative)
é₁ (dual vocative)
é₁e (dual vocative)
-teyes (plural vocative)
é-teyes (plural vocative)
-tim (accusative singular)
é-tim (accusative singular)
é₁ (accusative dual)
é₁e (accusative dual)
-tims (accusative plural)
é-tims (accusative plural)
-téys (genitive singular)
Ø-téys (genitive singular)
-téyoHom (genitive plural)
Ø-téyoHom (genitive plural)
-téys (ablative singular)
Ø-téys (ablative singular)
-tímos (ablative plural)
Ø-tímos (ablative plural)
-tíbʰos (ablative plural)
Ø-tíbʰos (ablative plural)
-téyey (dative singular)
Ø-téyey (dative singular)
-tímos (dative plural)
Ø-tímos (dative plural)
-tíbʰos (dative plural)
Ø-tíbʰos (dative plural)
-téy (locative singular)
Ø-téy (locative singular)
-tḗy (locative singular)
Ø-tḗy (locative singular)
-tísu (locative plural)
Ø-tísu (locative plural)
Ø-tíh₁ (instrumental singular)
-tímis (instrumental plural)
Ø-tímis (instrumental plural)
-tíbʰis (instrumental plural)
Ø-tíbʰis (instrumental plural)
-tís (nominative singular)
Ø-tís (nominative singular)
Ø₁ (dual nominative)
Ø₁e (dual nominative)
-téyes (nominative plural)
Ø-téyes (nominative plural)
-tí (singular vocative)
Ø-tí (singular vocative)
Ø₁ (dual vocative)
Ø₁e (dual vocative)
-téyes (plural vocative)
Ø-téyes (plural vocative)
-tím (accusative singular)
Ø-tím (accusative singular)
Ø₁ (accusative dual)
Ø₁e (accusative dual)
-tíms (accusative plural)
Ø-tíms (accusative plural)
-téys (genitive singular)
Ø-téys (genitive singular)
-téyoHom (genitive plural)
Ø-téyoHom (genitive plural)
-téys (ablative singular)
Ø-téys (ablative singular)
-téymos (ablative plural)
Ø-téymos (ablative plural)
-téybʰos (ablative plural)
Ø-téybʰos (ablative plural)
-téyey (dative singular)
Ø-téyey (dative singular)
-téymos (dative plural)
Ø-téymos (dative plural)
-téybʰos (dative plural)
Ø-téybʰos (dative plural)
-téy (locative singular)
Ø-téy (locative singular)
-tḗy (locative singular)
Ø-tḗy (locative singular)
-téysu (locative plural)
Ø-téysu (locative plural)
-téymis (instrumental plural)
Ø-téymis (instrumental plural)
-téybʰis (instrumental plural)
Ø-téybʰis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-tis

Latvian: -tis

Lithuanian: -tis

Proto-Slavic: *-tь (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-tei (< locative -téy)

Latvian: -t

Lithuanian: -ti

Proto-Slavic: *-ti

Proto-Celtic: *-tis

Proto-Germanic: *-þiz (also the variant forms *-diz, *-tiz, *-siz) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *-tis

Ancient Greek: -τις (-tis)

Attic Greek: -σις (-sis)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-tiš

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-tiṣ

Sanskrit: -ति (-ti)

Proto-Iranian: *-tiš

Avestan: -𐬙𐬌 (-ti)

Proto-Italic: *-tis

Latin: -tim

Derives abstract/action nouns from verb roots.


-tis

-tis (nominative singular)
-tī (dual nominative)
-tīs (nominative plural)
-ti (singular vocative)
-tī (dual vocative)
-tīs (plural vocative)
-tim (accusative singular)
-tī (accusative dual)
-tims (accusative plural)
-teis (genitive singular)
-tyow (dual genitive)
-tyom (genitive plural)
-tei (dative singular)
-tibom (dative dual)
-tibos (dative plural)
-tei (locative singular)
-tī (instrumental singular)
-tibim (dual instrumental)
-tibis (instrumental plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *-tis (action/abstract noun suffix).

inh

sagyeti (“to seek”) + *-tis → *sagyetis (“seeking”)


(∅)-(∅)-és (genitive singular)
(∅)-(∅)-és (ablative singular)
(∅)-(∅)-éy (dative singular)
(∅)-(é)- (locative singular)
(∅)-(é)-i (locative singular)

Creates collective nouns, which refer to groups or sets.


-mn̥

-mn̥ (nominative singular)
é-mn̥ (nominative singular)
-mō (nominative)
é-mō (nominative)
-mn̥ (singular vocative)
é-mn̥ (singular vocative)
-mō (vocative)
é-mō (vocative)
-mn̥ (accusative singular)
é-mn̥ (accusative singular)
-mō (accusative)
é-mō (accusative)
-méns (genitive singular)
Ø-méns (genitive singular)
-m̥nés (genitive)
Ø-m̥nés (genitive)
-méns (ablative singular)
Ø-méns (ablative singular)
-m̥nés (ablative)
Ø-m̥nés (ablative)
-méney (dative singular)
Ø-méney (dative singular)
-m̥néy (dative)
Ø-m̥néy (dative)
-mén (locative singular)
Ø-mén (locative singular)
-méni (locative singular)
Ø-méni (locative singular)
-mén (locative)
Ø-mén (locative)
-méni (locative)
Ø-méni (locative)
Ø-m̥néh₁ (instrumental)

Proto-Albanian: *-mā

Albanian: -më

Armenian:

Old Armenian: -ումն (-umn), -աւն (-awn)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-men, *-min

Proto-Slavic: *-mę

Old Church Slavonic: -мѧ (-mę)

Proto-Celtic: *-man, *-sman

Proto-Germanic: *-mô (merged with *-mō)

Proto-Hellenic: *-mə

Ancient Greek: -μᾰ (-mă)

Proto-Hellenic: *-men

Ancient Greek: -μεν (-men) (Epic infinitive ending)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-ma (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *-mən

Latin: -men

Related to the following masculine suffixes:
* *-mḗn (< **-mens) (e.g. Ancient Greek ποιμήν (poimḗn, “shepherd”)).
* *-mō (< **-mons) (e.g. Latin sermō, Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn), Sanskrit अश्मन् (áśman)).

Creates action nouns or result nouns from verbs.

Ancient Greek: -μα Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European


-mós

-mós (nominative singular)
Ø-mós (nominative singular)
Ø-móh₁ (dual nominative)
-móes (nominative plural)
Ø-móes (nominative plural)
-mé (singular vocative)
Ø-mé (singular vocative)
Ø-móh₁ (dual vocative)
-móes (plural vocative)
Ø-móes (plural vocative)
-móm (accusative singular)
Ø-móm (accusative singular)
Ø-móh₁ (accusative dual)
-móms (accusative plural)
Ø-móms (accusative plural)
-mósyo (genitive singular)
Ø-mósyo (genitive singular)
-móHom (genitive plural)
Ø-móHom (genitive plural)
-méad (ablative singular)
Ø-méad (ablative singular)
-mómos (ablative plural)
Ø-mómos (ablative plural)
-móbʰos (ablative plural)
Ø-móbʰos (ablative plural)
-móey (dative singular)
Ø-móey (dative singular)
-mómos (dative plural)
Ø-mómos (dative plural)
-móbʰos (dative plural)
Ø-móbʰos (dative plural)
-méy (locative singular)
Ø-méy (locative singular)
-móy (locative singular)
Ø-móy (locative singular)
-móysu (locative plural)
Ø-móysu (locative plural)
Ø-móh₁ (instrumental singular)
-mṓys (instrumental plural)
Ø-mṓys (instrumental plural)

Proto-Germanic: some of the a-stem nouns

Creates action/result nouns from verb stems.


-mos

-mos (nominative singular)
ó-mos (nominative singular)
-moes (nominative plural)
ó-moes (nominative plural)
-me (singular vocative)
ó-me (singular vocative)
-moes (plural vocative)
ó-moes (plural vocative)
-mom (accusative singular)
ó-mom (accusative singular)
-moms (accusative plural)
ó-moms (accusative plural)
-mosyo (genitive singular)
ó-mosyo (genitive singular)
-moHom (genitive plural)
ó-moHom (genitive plural)
-mead (ablative singular)
ó-mead (ablative singular)
-momos (ablative plural)
ó-momos (ablative plural)
-mobʰos (ablative plural)
ó-mobʰos (ablative plural)
-moey (dative singular)
ó-moey (dative singular)
-momos (dative plural)
ó-momos (dative plural)
-mobʰos (dative plural)
ó-mobʰos (dative plural)
-mey (locative singular)
ó-mey (locative singular)
-moy (locative singular)
ó-moy (locative singular)
-moysu (locative plural)
ó-moysu (locative plural)
-mōys (instrumental plural)
ó-mōys (instrumental plural)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-mas

Proto-Slavic: *-mъ, *-smъ; *-mo n; *-ma f

desc

Proto-Celtic: *-mus (with a change to u-stem declension)

Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: -μος (-mos), -μός (-mós)

Italic:

Latin: -mus

h₂eǵ- (“to drive”) + *-mos → *h₂óǵmos (“path, furrow”)


-tōr

-tōr (nominative singular)
é-tōr (nominative singular)
é₁ (dual nominative)
é₁e (dual nominative)
-tores (nominative plural)
é-tores (nominative plural)
-tor (singular vocative)
é-tor (singular vocative)
é₁ (dual vocative)
é₁e (dual vocative)
-tores (plural vocative)
é-tores (plural vocative)
-torm̥ (accusative singular)
é-torm̥ (accusative singular)
é₁ (accusative dual)
é₁e (accusative dual)
-torm̥s (accusative plural)
é-torm̥s (accusative plural)
-trés (genitive singular)
Ø-trés (genitive singular)
-tróHom (genitive plural)
Ø-tróHom (genitive plural)
-trés (ablative singular)
Ø-trés (ablative singular)
-tr̥mós (ablative plural)
Ø-tr̥mós (ablative plural)
-tr̥bʰós (ablative plural)
Ø-tr̥bʰós (ablative plural)
-tréy (dative singular)
Ø-tréy (dative singular)
-tr̥mós (dative plural)
Ø-tr̥mós (dative plural)
-tr̥bʰós (dative plural)
Ø-tr̥bʰós (dative plural)
-tér (locative singular)
Ø-tér (locative singular)
-téri (locative singular)
Ø-téri (locative singular)
-tr̥sú (locative plural)
Ø-tr̥sú (locative plural)
-tr̥mís (instrumental plural)
Ø-tr̥mís (instrumental plural)
-tr̥bʰís (instrumental plural)
Ø-tr̥bʰís (instrumental plural)

Proto-Hellenic: *-tōr

Ancient Greek: -τωρ (-tōr)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-tā

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-tā

Sanskrit: -तृ (-tṛ) (-ता (-tā, nom.sg))

Proto-Italic: *-tōr

Latin: -tor (see there for further descendants)

Derives agent nouns from verbs, denoting someone or something who has performed the verb's action.


-tōr

-trīks (feminine)
-tōr (nominative singular)
-tores (nominative plural)
-tōr (singular vocative)
-tores (plural vocative)
-torem (accusative singular)
-torens (accusative plural)
-tores (genitive singular)
-toros (genitive singular)
-torom (genitive plural)
-torei (dative singular)
-torβos (dative plural)
-tori? -tore? (ablative singular)
-torβos (ablative plural)
-tori? -tore? (locative singular)
-torβos (locative plural)

Latin: -tor, -sor (see there for further descendants)

in <i class="Ital mention" lang="osc">𐌓𐌄𐌂𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌓𐌄𐌝</i> (regatureí)

in <i class="Polyt mention" lang="osc">ϝερσορει</i> (wersorei)

Oscan: -𐌕𐌖𐌓𐌄𐌝 (-tureí, dat. sg.) (in 𐌓𐌄𐌂𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌓𐌄𐌝 (regatureí)), -σορει (-sorei, dat. sg.) (in ϝερσορει (wersorei))

in <i class="Latn mention" lang="pgn">salavatur</i>

Paelignian: -tur (in salavatur)

in e.g. <i class="Ital mention" lang="xum">𐌖𐌇𐌕𐌖𐌓</i> (uhtur)

Umbrian: -𐌕𐌖𐌓 (-tur) (in e.g. 𐌖𐌇𐌕𐌖𐌓 (uhtur))

Benjamin W. Fortson IV
de:Brian D. Joseph


-tḗr

-tḗr (nominative singular)
Ø-tḗr (nominative singular)
Ø₁ (dual nominative)
Ø₁e (dual nominative)
-téres (nominative plural)
Ø-téres (nominative plural)
-tér (singular vocative)
Ø-tér (singular vocative)
Ø₁ (dual vocative)
Ø₁e (dual vocative)
-téres (plural vocative)
Ø-téres (plural vocative)
-térm̥ (accusative singular)
Ø-térm̥ (accusative singular)
Ø₁ (accusative dual)
Ø₁e (accusative dual)
-térm̥s (accusative plural)
Ø-térm̥s (accusative plural)
-trés (genitive singular)
Ø-trés (genitive singular)
-tróHom (genitive plural)
Ø-tróHom (genitive plural)
-trés (ablative singular)
Ø-trés (ablative singular)
-tr̥mós (ablative plural)
Ø-tr̥mós (ablative plural)
-tr̥bʰós (ablative plural)
Ø-tr̥bʰós (ablative plural)
-tréy (dative singular)
Ø-tréy (dative singular)
-tr̥mós (dative plural)
Ø-tr̥mós (dative plural)
-tr̥bʰós (dative plural)
Ø-tr̥bʰós (dative plural)
-tér (locative singular)
Ø-tér (locative singular)
-téri (locative singular)
Ø-téri (locative singular)
-tr̥sú (locative plural)
Ø-tr̥sú (locative plural)
-tr̥mís (instrumental plural)
Ø-tr̥mís (instrumental plural)
-tr̥bʰís (instrumental plural)
Ø-tr̥bʰís (instrumental plural)

Ancient Greek: -τήρ (-tḗr)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-tā́

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-tā́

Sanskrit: -तृ (-tṛ) (-ता (-tā́, nom.sg))

Proto-Germanic: the r-stem nouns

Derives agent nouns from verbs, denoting someone or something whose role or purpose it is to perform the verb's action.


-atal

From -a- (linking vowel) + -tal (noun-forming suffix).

af

behoz (“to bring in”) + -atal → behozatal (“import”)

(noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun.


-etel

From -e- (linking vowel) + -tel (noun-forming suffix)


-tós

-tós (nominative singular)
Ø-tós (nominative singular)
Ø-tóh₁ (dual nominative)
-tóes (nominative plural)
Ø-tóes (nominative plural)
-té (singular vocative)
Ø-té (singular vocative)
Ø-tóh₁ (dual vocative)
-tóes (plural vocative)
Ø-tóes (plural vocative)
-tóm (accusative singular)
Ø-tóm (accusative singular)
Ø-tóh₁ (accusative dual)
-tóms (accusative plural)
Ø-tóms (accusative plural)
-tósyo (genitive singular)
Ø-tósyo (genitive singular)
-tóHom (genitive plural)
Ø-tóHom (genitive plural)
-téad (ablative singular)
Ø-téad (ablative singular)
-tómos (ablative plural)
Ø-tómos (ablative plural)
-tóbʰos (ablative plural)
Ø-tóbʰos (ablative plural)
-tóey (dative singular)
Ø-tóey (dative singular)
-tómos (dative plural)
Ø-tómos (dative plural)
-tóbʰos (dative plural)
Ø-tóbʰos (dative plural)
-téy (locative singular)
Ø-téy (locative singular)
-tóy (locative singular)
Ø-tóy (locative singular)
-tóysu (locative plural)
Ø-tóysu (locative plural)
Ø-tóh₁ (instrumental singular)
-tṓys (instrumental plural)
Ø-tṓys (instrumental plural)
Ø-téh₂ (nominative singular)
Ø₁ (dual nominative)
Ø₁e (dual nominative)
Ø-téh₂ (singular vocative)
Ø₁ (dual vocative)
Ø₁e (dual vocative)
-tā́m (accusative singular)
Ø-tā́m (accusative singular)
Ø₁ (accusative dual)
Ø₁e (accusative dual)
Ø-téh₂ (locative singular)
Ø-téh₂h₁ (instrumental singular)
-tóm (nominative singular)
Ø-tóm (nominative singular)
-tóy (dual nominative)
Øy (dual nominative)
Øyh₁ (dual nominative)
Ø-téh₂ (nominative plural)
-tóm (singular vocative)
Ø-tóm (singular vocative)
-tóy (dual vocative)
Øy (dual vocative)
Øyh₁ (dual vocative)
Ø-téh₂ (plural vocative)
-tóy (accusative dual)
Øy (accusative dual)
Øyh₁ (accusative dual)
Ø-téh₂ (accusative plural)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-tas

desc

Proto-Slavic: *-tъ (some past passive participles)

Proto-Hellenic: *-tós

Ancient Greek: -τός (-tós)

Proto-Germanic: *-daz (all weak past participles, a few adjectives), *-taz, *-þaz, *-saz (post-consonantal allomorphs)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-tás, *-dás (see there for further descendants)

desctree

Proto-Italic: *-tos, *-sos (after a dental)
Faliscan: -𐌕𐌏𐌔 (-tos)
Latin: -tus, -sus (almost all perfect past participles (except e.g. mortuus and derivates (dēmortuus, ēmortuus etc.)))

Creates verbal adjectives from verb stems.