-ota

-oa- (stem)
-oan (first-person indicative positive present singular)
en -oa (first-person indicative negative present singular)
olen -onnut (first-person indicative perfect positive singular)
en ole -onnut (first-person indicative negative perfect singular)
-oat (indicative positive present second-person singular)
et -oa (indicative negative present second-person singular)
olet -onnut (indicative perfect positive second-person singular)
et ole -onnut (indicative negative perfect second-person singular)
-oaa (indicative positive present singular third-person)
ei -oa (indicative negative present singular third-person)
on -onnut (indicative perfect positive singular third-person)
ei ole -onnut (indicative negative perfect singular third-person)
-oamme (first-person indicative plural positive present)
emme -oa (first-person indicative negative plural present)
olemme -onneet (first-person indicative perfect plural positive)
emme ole -onneet (first-person indicative negative perfect plural)
-oatte (indicative plural positive present second-person)
ette -oa (indicative negative plural present second-person)
olette -onneet (indicative perfect plural positive second-person)
ette ole -onneet (indicative negative perfect plural second-person)
-oavat (indicative plural positive present third-person)
eivät -oa (indicative negative plural present third-person)
ovat -onneet (indicative perfect plural positive third-person)
eivät ole -onneet (indicative negative perfect plural third-person)
-otaan (indicative passive positive present)
ei -ota (indicative negative passive present)
on -ottu (indicative passive perfect positive)
ei ole -ottu (indicative negative passive perfect)
-osin (first-person indicative past positive singular)
en -onnut (first-person indicative negative past singular)
olin -onnut (first-person indicative pluperfect positive singular)
en ollut -onnut (first-person indicative negative pluperfect singular)
-osit (indicative past positive second-person singular)
et -onnut (indicative negative past second-person singular)
olit -onnut (indicative pluperfect positive second-person singular)
et ollut -onnut (indicative negative pluperfect second-person singular)
-osi (indicative past positive singular third-person)
ei -onnut (indicative negative past singular third-person)
oli -onnut (indicative pluperfect positive singular third-person)
ei ollut -onnut (indicative negative pluperfect singular third-person)
-osimme (first-person indicative past plural positive)
emme -onneet (first-person indicative negative past plural)
olimme -onneet (first-person indicative pluperfect plural positive)
emme olleet -onneet (first-person indicative negative pluperfect plural)
-ositte (indicative past plural positive second-person)
ette -onneet (indicative negative past plural second-person)
olitte -onneet (indicative pluperfect plural positive second-person)
ette olleet -onneet (indicative negative pluperfect plural second-person)
-osivat (indicative past plural positive third-person)
eivät -onneet (indicative negative past plural third-person)
olivat -onneet (indicative pluperfect plural positive third-person)
eivät olleet -onneet (indicative negative pluperfect plural third-person)
-ottiin (indicative passive past positive)
ei -ottu (indicative negative passive past)
oli -ottu (indicative passive pluperfect positive)
ei ollut -ottu (indicative negative passive pluperfect)
-oaisin (conditional first-person positive present singular)
-oisin (conditional first-person positive present singular)
en -oaisi (conditional first-person negative present singular)
en -oisi (conditional first-person negative present singular)
olisin -onnut (conditional first-person perfect positive singular)
en olisi -onnut (conditional first-person negative perfect singular)
-oaisit (conditional positive present second-person singular)
-oisit (conditional positive present second-person singular)
et -oaisi (conditional negative present second-person singular)
et -oisi (conditional negative present second-person singular)
olisit -onnut (conditional perfect positive second-person singular)
et olisi -onnut (conditional negative perfect second-person singular)
-oaisi (conditional positive present singular third-person)
-oisi (conditional positive present singular third-person)
ei -oaisi (conditional negative present singular third-person)
ei -oisi (conditional negative present singular third-person)
olisi -onnut (conditional perfect positive singular third-person)
ei olisi -onnut (conditional negative perfect singular third-person)
-oaisimme (conditional first-person plural positive present)
-oisimme (conditional first-person plural positive present)
emme -oaisi (conditional first-person negative plural present)
emme -oisi (conditional first-person negative plural present)
olisimme -onneet (conditional first-person perfect plural positive)
emme olisi -onneet (conditional first-person negative perfect plural)
-oaisitte (conditional plural positive present second-person)
-oisitte (conditional plural positive present second-person)
ette -oaisi (conditional negative plural present second-person)
ette -oisi (conditional negative plural present second-person)
olisitte -onneet (conditional perfect plural positive second-person)
ette olisi -onneet (conditional negative perfect plural second-person)
-oaisivat (conditional plural positive present third-person)
-oisivat (conditional plural positive present third-person)
eivät -oaisi (conditional negative plural present third-person)
eivät -oisi (conditional negative plural present third-person)
olisivat -onneet (conditional perfect plural positive third-person)
eivät olisi -onneet (conditional negative perfect plural third-person)
-ottaisiin (conditional passive positive present)
ei -ottaisi (conditional negative passive present)
olisi -ottu (conditional passive perfect positive)
ei olisi -ottu (conditional negative passive perfect)
-oa (imperative positive present second-person singular)
älä -oa (imperative negative present second-person singular)
-otkoon (imperative positive present singular third-person)
älköön -otko (imperative negative present singular third-person)
olkoon -onnut (imperative perfect positive singular third-person)
älköön olko -onnut (imperative negative perfect singular third-person)
-otkaamme (first-person imperative plural positive present)
älkäämme -otko (first-person imperative negative plural present)
-otkaa (imperative plural positive present second-person)
älkää -otko (imperative negative plural present second-person)
-otkoot (imperative plural positive present third-person)
älkööt -otko (imperative negative plural present third-person)
olkoot -onneet (imperative perfect plural positive third-person)
älkööt olko -onneet (imperative negative perfect plural third-person)
-ottakoon (imperative passive positive present)
älköön -ottako (imperative negative passive present)
olkoon -ottu (imperative passive perfect positive)
älköön olko -ottu (imperative negative passive perfect)
-onnen (first-person positive potential present singular)
en -onne (first-person negative potential present singular)
lienen -onnut (first-person perfect positive potential singular)
en liene -onnut (first-person negative perfect potential singular)
-onnet (positive potential present second-person singular)
et -onne (negative potential present second-person singular)
lienet -onnut (perfect positive potential second-person singular)
et liene -onnut (negative perfect potential second-person singular)
-onnee (positive potential present singular third-person)
ei -onne (negative potential present singular third-person)
lienee -onnut (perfect positive potential singular third-person)
ei liene -onnut (negative perfect potential singular third-person)
-onnemme (first-person plural positive potential present)
emme -onne (first-person negative plural potential present)
lienemme -onneet (first-person perfect plural positive potential)
emme liene -onneet (first-person negative perfect plural potential)
-onnette (plural positive potential present second-person)
ette -onne (negative plural potential present second-person)
lienette -onneet (perfect plural positive potential second-person)
ette liene -onneet (negative perfect plural potential second-person)
-onnevat (plural positive potential present third-person)
eivät -onne (negative plural potential present third-person)
lienevät -onneet (perfect plural positive potential third-person)
eivät liene -onneet (negative perfect plural potential third-person)
-ottaneen (passive positive potential present)
ei -ottane (negative passive potential present)
lienee -ottu (passive perfect positive potential)
ei liene -ottu (negative passive perfect potential)
-ota (infinitive infinitive-i)
-oava (active participle present)
-ottava (participle passive present)
-otakseni (first-person possessive singular)
-otaksemme (first-person plural possessive)
-otaksesi (possessive second-person singular)
-otaksenne (plural possessive second-person)
-otakseen (possessive third-person)
-otaksensa (possessive third-person)
-onnut (infinitive-i-long past)
-ottu (infinitive-i-long past)
-otessa (inessive second-person)
-ottaessa (inessive second-person)
-oama (agent)
-otessani (first-person possessive singular)
-otessamme (first-person plural possessive)
-otessasi (possessive second-person singular)
-otessanne (plural possessive second-person)
-otessaan (possessive third-person)
-otessansa (possessive third-person)
-oamaton (inessive negative second-person)
-oten (instructive second-person)
-oamassa (inessive third-person)
-oamasta (elative third-person)
-oamaan (illative third-person)
-oamalla (adessive third-person)
-oamatta (abessive third-person)
-oaman (instructive third-person)
-ottaman (instructive third-person)
-oaminen (fourth-person noun-from-verb)
-oamaisillani (first-person possessive singular)
-oamaisillamme (first-person plural possessive)
-oamaisillasi (possessive second-person singular)
-oamaisillanne (plural possessive second-person)
-oamaisillaan (possessive third-person)
-oamaisillansa (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Finnic *-ot'ak. Roughly equivalent to -o- + -ta.


-ota

-enen (first-person positive present singular)
en -ene (first-person negative present singular)
oon -ent (first-person perfect positive singular)
oon -ennut (first-person perfect positive singular)
en oo -ent (first-person negative perfect singular)
en oo -ennut (first-person negative perfect singular)
-enet (positive present second-person singular)
et -ene (negative present second-person singular)
oot -ent (perfect positive second-person singular)
oot -ennut (perfect positive second-person singular)
et oo -ent (negative perfect second-person singular)
et oo -ennut (negative perfect second-person singular)
-enoo (positive present singular third-person)
ei -ene (negative present singular third-person)
ono -ent (perfect positive singular third-person)
ono -ennut (perfect positive singular third-person)
ei oo -ent (negative perfect singular third-person)
ei oo -ennut (negative perfect singular third-person)
-enemma (first-person plural positive present)
emmä -ene (first-person negative plural present)
oomma -enneet (first-person perfect plural positive)
emmä oo -enneet (first-person negative perfect plural)
-enetta (plural positive present second-person)
että -ene (negative plural present second-person)
ootta -enneet (perfect plural positive second-person)
että oo -enneet (negative perfect plural second-person)
-enoot (plural positive present third-person)
-enevat (plural positive present third-person)
-otaa (plural positive present third-person)
evät -ene (negative plural present third-person)
ei -ota (negative plural present third-person)
ovat -enneet (perfect plural positive third-person)
evät oo -enneet (negative perfect plural third-person)
ei oo -ottu (negative perfect plural third-person)
-otaa (impersonal positive present)
ei -ota (impersonal negative present)
ono -ottu (impersonal perfect positive)
ei oo -ottu (impersonal negative perfect)
-enin (first-person imperfect positive singular)
en -ent (first-person imperfect negative singular)
en -ennut (first-person imperfect negative singular)
olin -ent (first-person pluperfect positive singular)
olin -ennut (first-person pluperfect positive singular)
en olt -ent (first-person negative pluperfect singular)
en olt -ennut (first-person negative pluperfect singular)
-enit (imperfect positive second-person singular)
et -ent (imperfect negative second-person singular)
et -ennut (imperfect negative second-person singular)
olit -ent (pluperfect positive second-person singular)
olit -ennut (pluperfect positive second-person singular)
et olt -ent (negative pluperfect second-person singular)
et olt -ennut (negative pluperfect second-person singular)
-eni (imperfect positive singular third-person)
ei -ent (imperfect negative singular third-person)
ei -ennut (imperfect negative singular third-person)
oli -ent (pluperfect positive singular third-person)
oli -ennut (pluperfect positive singular third-person)
ei olt -ent (negative pluperfect singular third-person)
ei olt -ennut (negative pluperfect singular third-person)
-enimma (first-person imperfect plural positive)
emmä -enneet (first-person imperfect negative plural)
olimma -enneet (first-person pluperfect plural positive)
emmä olleet -enneet (first-person negative pluperfect plural)
-enitta (imperfect plural positive second-person)
että -enneet (imperfect negative plural second-person)
olitta -enneet (pluperfect plural positive second-person)
että olleet -enneet (negative pluperfect plural second-person)
-eniit (imperfect plural positive third-person)
-enivat (imperfect plural positive third-person)
-ottii (imperfect plural positive third-person)
evät -enneet (imperfect negative plural third-person)
ei -ottu (imperfect negative plural third-person)
olivat -enneet (pluperfect plural positive third-person)
evät olleet -enneet (negative pluperfect plural third-person)
ei olt -ottu (negative pluperfect plural third-person)
-ottii (imperfect impersonal positive)
ei -ottu (imperfect impersonal negative)
oli -ottu (impersonal pluperfect positive)
ei olt -ottu (impersonal negative pluperfect)
-enisin (first-person positive present singular)
en -enis (first-person negative present singular)
olisin -ent (first-person perfect positive singular)
olisin -ennut (first-person perfect positive singular)
en olis -ent (first-person negative perfect singular)
en olis -ennut (first-person negative perfect singular)
-enisit (positive present second-person singular)
-eniist (positive present second-person singular)
et -enis (negative present second-person singular)
olisit -ent (perfect positive second-person singular)
olisit -ennut (perfect positive second-person singular)
et olis -ent (negative perfect second-person singular)
et olis -ennut (negative perfect second-person singular)
-enis (positive present singular third-person)
ei -enis (negative present singular third-person)
olis -ent (perfect positive singular third-person)
olis -ennut (perfect positive singular third-person)
ei olis -ent (negative perfect singular third-person)
ei olis -ennut (negative perfect singular third-person)
-enisimma (first-person plural positive present)
emmä -enis (first-person negative plural present)
olisimma -enneet (first-person perfect plural positive)
emmä olis -enneet (first-person negative perfect plural)
-enisitta (plural positive present second-person)
että -enis (negative plural present second-person)
olisitta -enneet (perfect plural positive second-person)
että olis -enneet (negative perfect plural second-person)
-enisiit (plural positive present third-person)
-enisivat (plural positive present third-person)
-ottais (plural positive present third-person)
evät -enis (negative plural present third-person)
ei -ottais (negative plural present third-person)
olisivat -enneet (perfect plural positive third-person)
evät olis -enneet (negative perfect plural third-person)
ei olis -ottu (negative perfect plural third-person)
-ottais (impersonal positive present)
ei -ottais (impersonal negative present)
olis -ottu (impersonal perfect positive)
ei olis -ottu (impersonal negative perfect)
-ene (positive present second-person singular)
elä -ene (negative present second-person singular)
oo -ent (perfect positive second-person singular)
oo -ennut (perfect positive second-person singular)
elä oo -ent (negative perfect second-person singular)
elä oo -ennut (negative perfect second-person singular)
-otkoo (positive present singular third-person)
elköö -otko (negative present singular third-person)
olkoo -ent (perfect positive singular third-person)
olkoo -ennut (perfect positive singular third-person)
elköö olko -ent (negative perfect singular third-person)
elköö olko -ennut (negative perfect singular third-person)
-otkaa (plural positive present second-person)
elkää -otko (negative plural present second-person)
olkaa -enneet (perfect plural positive second-person)
elkää olko -enneet (negative perfect plural second-person)
-otkoot (plural positive present third-person)
elkööt -otko (negative plural present third-person)
elköö -ottako (negative plural present third-person)
olkoot -enneet (perfect plural positive third-person)
elkööt olko -enneet (negative perfect plural third-person)
elköö olko -ottu (negative perfect plural third-person)
-ottakkoo (impersonal positive present)
elköö -ottako (impersonal negative present)
olkoo -ottu (impersonal perfect positive)
elköö olko -ottu (impersonal negative perfect)
ei -ottane (negative plural present third-person)
-ottannoo (impersonal positive present)
ei -ottane (impersonal negative present)
-ota (infinitive infinitive-i)
-eneva (active participle present)
-ottava (participle passive present)
-otees (inessive infinitive infinitive-ii)
-ent (active participle past)
-ennut (active participle past)
-ottu (participle passive past)
-oten (infinitive infinitive-ii instructive)
-enommaa (illative infinitive infinitive-iii)
-enomas (inessive infinitive infinitive-iii)
-enomast (elative infinitive infinitive-iii)
-enomata (abessive infinitive infinitive-iii)
-enomiin (infinitive infinitive-iv nominative)
-enomista (infinitive infinitive-iv partitive)
-enomist (infinitive infinitive-iv partitive)

From Proto-Finnic *-ot'ak. Cognates include Finnish -ota.
Most inflected forms are derived through conflation with the unrelated -eta, which also forms inchoative verbs.


-ota

-ota (nominative singular)
-oty (nominative plural)
-oty (genitive singular)
-ot (genitive plural)
-ocie (dative singular)
-otom (dative plural)
-otę (accusative singular)
-oty (accusative plural)
-otą (instrumental singular)
-otami (instrumental plural)
-ocie (locative singular)
-otach (locative plural)
-oto (singular vocative)
-oty (plural vocative)

ciemny (“dark”) + -ota → ciemnota (“darkness”)

noun suffix, typically abstract concepts


-ota

Suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun, usually an abstract noun denoting a quality.


-ota

-otà (canonical feminine)
-ota (nominative singular)
-otě (dual nominative)
-oty (nominative plural)
-oty (genitive singular)
-otu (dual genitive)
-otъ (genitive plural)
-otě (dative singular)
-otama (dative dual)
-otamъ (dative plural)
-otǫ (accusative singular)
-otě (accusative dual)
-oty (accusative plural)
-otojǫ (instrumental singular)
-otǫ (instrumental singular)
-otama (dual instrumental)
-otami (instrumental plural)
-otě (locative singular)
-otu (dual locative)
-otasъ (locative plural)
-otaxъ (locative plural)
-oto (singular vocative)
-otě (dual vocative)
-oty (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: -ота (-ota)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ота (-ota)

Old Ruthenian: -ота́ (-otá)

Belarusian: -ата (-ata), -о́та (-óta)

Ukrainian: -о́та (-óta), -ота́ (-otá)

Russian: -ота́ (-otá)

Old Novgorodian: -ота (-ota)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: -ота (-ota)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⱅⰰ (ota)

Bulgarian: -ота́ (-otá)

Macedonian: -ота (-ota)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -о̀та

Latin script: -òta

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: -óta, -ọ̑ta (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -ota

Czech: -ota

Old Polish: -ota

Polish: -ota

Polabian: -ötă

Slovak: -ota

Slovincian: -ôta

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: -ota

Lower Sorbian: -ota

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-atā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-otéh₂, encountered in Sanskrit दीर्घ (dīrgha, “long”) : दीर्घता (dīrghatā, “length, longness”).

dьlgъ (“long”) → *dьlgota (“length”)

golъ (“bare, naked”) → *golotа (“nakedness”)

slěpъ (“blind”) → *slěpota (“blindness”)

bělъ (“white”) → *bělota (“whiteness”)

ostrъ (“sharp”) → *ostrota (“sharpness”)

Deadjectival, forming abstract nouns denoting the specified attribute; -ness

sirъ (“sorrow”) → *sirota (“orphan”)

junъ (“young”) → *junota (“youth”)

pěxъ (“pedestrian”) → *pěxota (“infantry”)

Deadjectival, forming agent nouns carrying the specified attribute

orbъ (“servant, slave”) → *orbota (“work”)

tъska (“melancholy, sorrow, grief”) → *tъščь (“hollow”) → *tъščeta (“damage”)

krasa (“beauty”) → *krasota (“beauty”)

sormъ (“shame”) → *sormota (“embarrassment, disgrace”)

Denominal, forming activities or abstractions


-uelo

es-noun

-uelo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -uelos)

es-adj

-uelo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -uela, masculine plural -uelos, feminine plural -uelas)

-uelos (plural)
-uela (feminine)
-uelos (masculine plural)
-uelas (feminine plural)


-astro

it-noun

-astro m (noun-forming suffix, plural -astri, feminine -astra)

From Latin -astrum, accusative singular of -aster.
Cognate to French -âtre and Spanish -astro.

giovine (“young”) + -astro → giovinastro (“youngster”)

poeta (“poet”) + -astro → poetastro (“poetaster”)


-astro

es-noun

-astro m (noun-forming suffix, plural -astros, feminine -astra, feminine plural -astras)

-astros (plural)
-astra (feminine)
-astras (feminine plural)

político (“politician”) + -astro → politicastro (“corrupt politician”)

hermano (“brother”) + -astro → hermanastro (“stepbrother”)

hijo (“son”) + -astro → hijastro (“stepson”)

forms nouns with a pejorative or lower meaning


juxta-

(non-productive or restricted in use) Near to, alongside, next to.


myo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs, “mouse; muscle”).

der

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


ک

The twenty-eighth letter of Punjabi in the Shahmukhi script.


ه

ـه (canonical)
-a (romanization)
-e (romanization)

Turkish: -a, -e

صحن (sahn, “courtyard”) + ـه → صحنه (sahne, “scene”)

مفكور (mefkûr, “idea”) + ـه → مفكوره (mefkûre, “ideal”)

مشروط (meşrût, “conditional”) + ـه → مشروطه (meşrûta, “constitutional”)

Forms nouns resembling Arabic singulatives or instance nouns, even in ways which would be considered ungrammatical in Arabic, e.g.


ي

head

ـِي or ـِيَ or ـيَ • (-ī or -iya or -ya)

ـِي (canonical)
ـِيَ (canonical)
ـيَ (canonical)
-ī (romanization)
-iya (romanization)
-ya (romanization)

لِـ (li-, “to”) + ـِي (-ī) → لِي (lī, “to me”)

قَدْ جِئْتُكُم بِبَيِّنَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فَأَرْسِلْ مَعِيَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ

qad jiʔtukum bibayyinatin min rabbikum faʔarsil maʕiya banī ʔisrāʔīla

1. Also used to emphasize attached pronouns and as a copula. 2. هُمْ becomes هُمُ before the definite article الـ. 3. Specifically

ـيَ is attached to nouns. In the latter case

ـيَ is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel

diphthong

e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual

while ـِي is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel

as well as the singular and broken plural of most nouns

in which case that vowel is elided. Furthermore

presumably, -aw of masculine defective -an plurals is similarly assimilated to -ay

-ū of the masculine sound plural is assimilated to -ī before ـيَ. Prepositions use ـِي

e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʔinnanī) or إِنِّي (ʔinnī)

even though in this case it has the meaning of rather than . The sisters of inna can use either form. 4. ـهِـ occurs after -i


ي

ar:ياء النسب

Compare Akkadian -ī and Biblical Hebrew ־ִי (-i).

فَنِّيّ فني#Arabic

عِرَاقِيّ عراقي#Arabic

عِرَاق عراق#Arabic

The nisba suffix, an extremely productive suffix used to derive adjectives (with the meaning “related to ...”) or nouns (with the meaning “person related to ...”) from other nouns: for instance, فَنِّيّ (fanniyy, “artistic, artist”) derived from فَنّ (fann, “art”), عِرَاقِيّ (ʕirāqiyy, “Iraqi, an Iraqi”) derived from عِرَاق (ʕirāq, “Iraq”).


αγορά

agorá (romanization)
αγορές (plural)
αγορά (nominative singular)
αγορές (nominative plural)
αγοράς (genitive singular)
αγορών (genitive plural)
αγορά (accusative singular)
αγορές (accusative plural)
αγορά (singular vocative)
αγορές (plural vocative)

Inherited from Ancient Greek ἀγορά (agorá).

Η αρχαία αγορά στην Αθήνα είναι κάτω από την Ακρόπολη.

The ancient agora in Athens is just under the Acropolis.

I archaía agorá stin Athína eínai káto apó tin Akrópoli.

(historical) agora, the ancient square or marketplace, the centre of public life

Πάω στην αγορά να ψωνίσω.

αγορά τοις μετρητοίς

αγορά με δόσεις

Οι αγορές κατέρρευσαν στο κραχ.

ελεύθερη αγορά

αγορά εργασίας


-ile

it-noun

-ile m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ili)

From Latin -īle (forming names of enclosures for animals; more generally, forming names of places where certain goods are stored).

inh

campana (“bell”) + -ile → campanile (“bell tower”)

porco (“pig”) + -ile → porcile (“pigsty”)

fieno (“hay”) + -ile → fienile (“hayloft”)

used to form nouns indicating locations that host animals or objects


-adic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame--adic.wav

Back-formation from monadic, etc., from Ancient Greek -άς (-ás) (genitive -άδος (-ádos)) + -ικός (-ikós) (English -ad + -ic). Compare related adicity and Latinate -ary.
The algebraic sense is by analogy with p-adic, since ℤ₍ₚ₎ equipped with the (p)-adic topology passes to the ring of p-adic numbers under the operation of completion.

(mathematics, computing) Having a specified adicity.


ἐπί

grc-preposition

ἐπῐ́ • (epĭ́) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)

Greek: επί (epí)

From Proto-Hellenic *epí, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“on”).
Cognate with Sanskrit अपि (ápi), Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬞𐬌 (aⁱpi), Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹 (apiy), Old Armenian եւ (ew), Latin ob, Old High German bī, and Old English bī.
The genitive is an innovated Greek associative. The dative is from the PIE locative. The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional.

οἷ’ ἐπὶ σοὶ κατέθηκε θεὰ περικαλλέ’ ἄεθλα

Such beautiful prises did the goddess set there in thy honor.

hoî’ epì soì katéthēke theà perikallé’ áethla

ὢ πόποι, οὐκ ἄρα σοί γ’ 'ἐπὶ εἴδεϊ καὶ φρένες ἦσαν

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 17.454

Well, now, it seems that you at least do not have wits in addition to your beauty.

ṑ pópoi, ouk ára soí g’ 'epì eídeï kaì phrénes êsan

[with dative]
in addition to, over, besides

ἡμεῖς γὰρ ἁγνοὶ τοὐπὶ τήνδε τὴν κόρην

Our hands are clean with respect to this girl.

ἐπὶ δὲ τοὺς πεζοὺς τῶν ὁμοτίμων ἀνθ’ αὑτοῦ ἕκαστον καθιστάναι ἄλλον ἄρχοντα τῶν ὁμοτίμων

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.5.58

He also instructed each one of the newly-mounted officers to appoint some other peer to take his place of command over the infantry of the peers.

epì dè toùs pezoùs tôn homotímōn anth’ hautoû hékaston kathistánai állon árkhonta tôn homotímōn


-meter

From Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure”).

der

Used to form the names of measuring devices.


sulfa-

(pharmacology) Used to form names of sulfonamides used as antiinfectives.


ana-

From Ancient Greek ἀνα- (ana-), from ἀνά (aná, “on, up, above, throughout”). Doublet of on-.

e.g. analysis, analyte, anatomy

e.g. anachronism, anamodernism, anatoxin


ana-

Derived from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓νᾰ- (ănă-). Doublet of na-.

ana- + faza → anafaza


peri-

From Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, around”). Cognate to for via Proto-Indo-European.

peri- + meter → perimeter


peri-

From Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, around”).


peri-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek περί (perí, “about, around”).


salpingo-

From New Latin salpinx (“the salpinx”) + -o-, from Ancient Greek σᾰ́λπῐγξ (sắlpĭnx, “a war-trumpet”).

bor

(anatomy) salpingeal: salpinx: Of or pertaining to a Fallopian tube or a Eustachian tube.

syringo-

also semantically related to tubes of various kinds


-ent

-ent (Latinate suffix forming nouns and adjectives)


-ent

From -e- (linking vowel) + -n (instantaneous suffix) + -t (causative suffix).

af

tüsszent (“to sneeze”)

(instantaneous suffix) Added to a stem - often an onomatopoeia - to form a verb expressing an instantaneous action.


-ai

-ai (infinitive)
essi (infinitive multiword-construction)
ai + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
-endi (gerund)
-endu (gerund)
sendi (gerund multiword-construction)
endi + past participle (gerund multiword-construction)
-au (participle past)
-u (first-person indicative present singular)
-as (indicative present second-person singular)
-at (indicative present singular third-person)
-aus (first-person indicative plural present)
-ais (indicative plural present second-person)
-ant (indicative plural present third-person)
-amu (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-au (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-ast (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-at (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-amus (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-astus (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-astis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-ant (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
apu (a) -ai (first-person future indicative singular)
as (a) -ai (future indicative second-person singular)
at (a) -ai (future indicative singular third-person)
eus (a) -ai (first-person future indicative plural)
eis (a) -ai (future indicative plural second-person)
ant (a) -ai (future indicative plural third-person)
emu (a) -ai (conditional first-person singular)
iast (a) -ai (conditional second-person singular)
iat (a) -ai (conditional singular third-person)
emus (a) -ai (conditional first-person plural)
estis (a) -ai (conditional plural second-person)
iant (a) -ai (conditional plural third-person)
present indicative of essi (indicative multiword-construction perfect present)
ai + past participle (indicative multiword-construction perfect present)
imperfect indicative of essi (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect)
ai + past participle (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect)
future of essi (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
ai + past participle (future indicative multiword-construction perfect)
present conditional of essi (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
ai + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
-i (first-person present singular subjunctive)
-is (present second-person singular subjunctive)
-it (present singular subjunctive third-person)
-eus (first-person plural present subjunctive)
-eis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
-int (plural present subjunctive third-person)
-essi (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-essis (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-essit (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-èssimus (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-estis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-essint (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
present subjunctive of essi (multiword-construction past subjunctive)
ai + past participle (multiword-construction past subjunctive)
imperfect subjunctive of essi (multiword-construction pluperfect subjunctive)
ai + past participle (multiword-construction pluperfect subjunctive)
-a (imperative second-person singular)
-it (imperative singular third-person)
-eus (first-person imperative plural)
-ai (imperative plural second-person)
-int (imperative plural third-person)

From Latin -āre, present infinitive of -ō (1ˢᵗ-conjugation verbal suffix), from Proto-Italic *-āō. Compare Logudorese and Nuorese -are.

Attached to a stem, forms the present infinitive of most regular verbs


photo-

From the combining form φωτω- (phōtō-) of Ancient Greek φῶς (phôs, “light”).


-ebla

kompreni (“to understand”) + -ebla → komprenebla (“understandable”)

vidi (“to see”) + -ebla → videbla (“visible”)

shows possibility, like English -able, -ible


-dor

ca-noun

-dor m (noun-forming suffix, plural -dors, feminine -dora)

Inherited from Latin -tōrem, from Proto-Italic *-tōr, from Proto-Indo-European *-tōr < *-tor-s.

forms agent nouns and adjectives from verbs; the vowel of the infinitive is kept, i.e. -ador, -edor, -idor

llenya (“firewood”) + -dor → llenyador (“wood cutter”)

forms agent nouns from another noun associated with the action


-dor

gl-noun

-dor m (noun-forming suffix, plural -dores, feminine -dora, feminine plural -doras)

-dores (plural)
-dora (feminine)
-doras (feminine plural)

From Latin -tōrem, accusative of -tor, from Proto-Italic *-tōr, from Proto-Indo-European *-tōr < *-tor-s.


-dor

pt-noun

-dor m (noun-forming suffix, plural -dores, feminine -dora or -triz, feminine plural -doras or -trizes)

-dores (plural)
-dora (feminine)
-triz (feminine)
-doras (feminine plural)
-trizes (feminine plural)

From Old Galician-Portuguese -dor, from Latin -tōrem (“-er”), from Proto-Italic *-tōr, from Proto-Indo-European *-tōr < *-tor-s.

matar (“to kill”) + -dor → matador (“killer”)


-dor

es-adj

-dor (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -dora, masculine plural -dores, feminine plural -doras)

-dores (plural)
-dora (feminine)
-doras (feminine plural)
-dora (feminine)
-dores (masculine plural)
-doras (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -tor, from Proto-Italic *-tōr, from Proto-Indo-European *-tōr < *-tor-s.

abrir (“open”) + -dor → abridor (“opener”)

contaminar (“pollute”) + -dor → contaminador (“polluter”)

coordinar (“coordinate”) + -dor → coordinador (“coordinator”)

maltratar (“beat / abuse / batter”) + -dor → maltratador (“beater / abuser / batterer”)

-er, -or forms nouns (usually agent nouns) and adjectives from verbs

leña (“firewood”) + -dor → leñador (“wood cutter”)


-dor

Inherited from Chagatai ـدار, from Persian ـدار (-dâr).

hukm + -dor → hukmdor


-ле

-ле (canonical)
-ла (canonical)
-le (romanization)
-la (romanization)

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-le- (“denominal verb forming suffix”).

inh+

ҫу (śu, “oil”) + -ле (-le) → ҫула (śula, “to smear oil”)


-ory

* -or + -y
* From Middle English -orie, from the Latin adjective suffix -tōrius.
* From the Latin noun suffix -tōrium.

excrete and excretory, sense and sensory, statute and statutory.

of or pertaining to, serving for; adjective suffix appended to various words, often nouns but also verbs, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also


sin-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek, from σύν (sún, “with, in company with, together with”).


sin-

Old English: sin-, sine-

Old Frisian: sin-

Old Saxon: sin-

Old Dutch: sino-

Middle Dutch: sine-, sin-

Dutch: zene-

Old High German: sin-

From Proto-Germanic *sin-, from Proto-Indo-European *sem-.


sin-

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sin-
Old English: sin-, sine-
Old Frisian: sin-
Old Saxon: sin-
Old Dutch: sino-
Middle Dutch: sine-, sin-
Dutch: zene-
Old High German: sin-

Old Norse: sí-

Icelandic: sí-, sí

⇒ Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (sinteins)


phlebo-

From Ancient Greek φλέψ (phléps, “vein”).


-graphie

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -γραφίᾱ (-graphíā).


-graphie

LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--graphie.wav

From Latin -graphia, going back to Ancient Greek γράφειν (gráphein, “write”).


phyto-

From Ancient Greek φυτόν (phutón, “plant”).

An automatic list of all pages on Wiktionary starting with phyto


-sky

Alternative forms: -ski, -skii, -skij


-ский

-skij (romanization)
-ский (masculine nominative)
-ское (neuter nominative)
-ская (feminine nominative)
-ские (nominative plural)
-ского (genitive masculine neuter)
-ской (feminine genitive)
-ских (genitive plural)
-скому (dative masculine neuter)
-ской (dative feminine)
-ским (dative plural)
-ского (accusative animate masculine)
-ское (accusative neuter)
-скую (accusative feminine)
-ских (accusative animate plural)
-ский (accusative inanimate masculine)
-ские (accusative inanimate plural)
-ским (instrumental masculine neuter)
-ской (feminine instrumental)
-скою (feminine instrumental)
-скими (instrumental plural)
-ском (masculine neuter prepositional)
-ской (feminine prepositional)
-ских (plural prepositional)

А́нглия (Ánglija, “England”) + -ский (-skij) → англи́йский (anglíjskij, “English”)

Русь (Rusʹ, “Rus”) + -ский (-skij) → ру́сский (rússkij, “Russian”)

ара́б (aráb, “Arab”) + -ский (-skij) → ара́бский (arábskij, “Arabic, Arabian, Arab”)

изда́тель (izdátelʹ, “publisher”) + -ский (-skij) → изда́тельский (izdátelʹskij, “publisher (relational)”)

депута́т (deputát, “deputy”) + -ский (-skij) → депута́тский (deputátskij, “deputy (relational)”)

зверь (zverʹ, “beast; brute”) + -ский (-skij) → зве́рский (zvérskij, “brutal, savage”)

геро́й (gerój, “hero”) + -ский (-skij) → геро́йский (gerójskij, “heroic”)

монго́л (mongól, “Mongol”) + ьский (ʹskij) → монго́льский (mongólʹskij, “Mongolian”)

Used to form adjectives from nouns or sometimes other adjectives, often relational (meaning "related to X"): -ian, -ic, -ish


-ийский

head

-и́йский • (-íjskij)

-и́йский (canonical)
-íjskij (romanization)
-и́йский (masculine nominative)
-и́йское (neuter nominative)
-и́йская (feminine nominative)
-и́йские (nominative plural)
-и́йского (genitive masculine neuter)
-и́йской (feminine genitive)
-и́йских (genitive plural)
-и́йскому (dative masculine neuter)
-и́йской (dative feminine)
-и́йским (dative plural)
-и́йского (accusative animate masculine)
-и́йское (accusative neuter)
-и́йскую (accusative feminine)
-и́йских (accusative animate plural)
-и́йский (accusative inanimate masculine)
-и́йские (accusative inanimate plural)
-и́йским (instrumental masculine neuter)
-и́йской (feminine instrumental)
-и́йскою (feminine instrumental)
-и́йскими (instrumental plural)
-и́йском (masculine neuter prepositional)
-и́йской (feminine prepositional)
-и́йских (plural prepositional)

Rebracketed from -ский (-skij) added to nouns ending in stressed -и́я (-íja).

А́нглия (Ánglija, “England”) + -и́йский (-íjskij) → англи́йский (anglíjskij, “English”)

Росси́я (Rossíja, “Russia”) + -и́йский (-íjskij) → росси́йский (rossíjskij, “Russian”)

Си́рия (Sírija, “Syria”) + -и́йский (-íjskij) → сири́йский (siríjskij, “Syrian”)

Уга́нда (Ugánda, “Uganda”) + -и́йский (-íjskij) → уганди́йский (ugandíjskij, “Ugandan”)

Чи́ли (Číli, “Chile”) + -и́йский (-íjskij) → чили́йский (čilíjskij, “Chilean”)

Зимба́бве (Zimbábvɛ, “Zimbabwe”) + -и́йский (-íjskij) → зимбабви́йский (zimbabvíjskij, “Zimbabwean”)

Бу́дда (Búdda, “Buddha”) + -и́йский (-íjskij) → будди́йский (buddíjskij, “Buddhist”)

А́льпы (Álʹpy, “Alps”) + -и́йский (-íjskij) → альпи́йский (alʹpíjskij, “Alpine”)

кавале́рия (kavalérija, “cavalry”) + -и́йский (-íjskij) → кавалери́йский (kavaleríjskij, “cavalry”) (relational)

Adjectival suffix forming nouns meaning "related to X"; variant of -ский (-skij): -ian, -an, -ish

-і́йскій — Pre-reform orthography (1918)


-off

Back-formation from playoff, a deverbal, as the archetype.

We must imagine this as a set of instructions: go forth and buy tickets, so we can keep making our bonkers explosion-offs for you in the future. When asked if he had enjoyed the film, he said: “I loved it” – twice. He wore a mask.

2020 August 29, Rebecca Nicholson, “Tom Cruise: another groundbreaking role for cinema's cheerleader”, in The Guardian:

(suffixed to a bare infinitive) A competition [of the activity denoted by the verb], especially a final, tiebreaker, or repechage within a broader tournament.


-ov

Borrowed from Russian -ов (-ov), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *-ovъ.

forms masculine patronymic surnames, feminine equivalent -ova


-ov

A suffix used to indicate a possibility.


-ов

ябълка (jabǎlka, “an apple”) + -ов (-ov) → ябълков (jabǎlkov, “apple (adj.)”)

право (pravo, “law”) + -ов (-ov) → правов (pravov, “legal, pertaining to law”)

бук (buk, “oak”) + -ов (-ov) → буков (bukov, “of oak, oaken”)

еж (ež, “hedgehog”) + -ов (-ov) → ежов (ežov, “hedgehog's”)

of, belonging to; creates possessive adjectives.


-ов

Inherited from Old Slovak -ov, from Proto-Slavic *-ovъ. Cognates include Czech -ův and Slovak -ov.

appended to nouns to form adjectives; -y


-овы

-о́вы • (-óvy)

-о́вы (canonical)
-óvy (romanization)
-о́вы (masculine nominative)
-о́вае (neuter nominative)
-о́вая (feminine nominative)
-о́выя (nominative plural)
-о́вага (genitive masculine neuter)
-о́вай (feminine genitive)
-о́вых (genitive plural)
-о́ваму (dative masculine neuter)
-о́вай (dative feminine)
-о́вым (dative plural)
-о́вага (accusative animate masculine)
-о́вае (accusative neuter)
-о́вую (accusative feminine)
-о́вых (accusative animate plural)
-о́вы (accusative inanimate masculine)
-о́выя (accusative inanimate plural)
-о́вым (instrumental masculine neuter)
-о́вай (feminine instrumental)
-о́ваю (feminine instrumental)
-о́вымі (instrumental plural)
-о́вым (locative masculine neuter)
-о́вай (feminine locative)
-о́вых (locative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ovъ. Cognate with Polish -owy, Russian -о́вый (-óvyj), Ukrainian -овий (-ovyj).

абавя́зак (abavjázak, “duty, obligation”) + -овы (-óvy) → абавязко́вы (abavjazkóvy, “compulsory”)


myxo-

From Latin, from Ancient Greek μύξα (múxa, “mucus”).


robo-

From robot (borrowed from Czech and Slovak robota.)


Sino-

From Medieval Latin Sina (“China”) and Late Latin Sīnae (“the Southern Chinese; Southern China”), from Ancient Greek Σῖναι (Sînai), of uncertain etymology but likely from Sanskrit चीन (Cīna, “China”), possibly via Arabic صِين (Ṣīn, “China; the Chinese”) and usually held to ultimately derive from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin, “Qin”). See "Names of China" on Wikipedia.

der

In the 1970s, Sino-Soviet rivalry also spread to Africa and the Middle East.

He's a Sino-Kadazan: half Han, half Kadazan.

A combining form relating to China or the Chinese, in those terms' various senses.

չին-

Of or relating to China, the Chinese, or Chinese culture (prefix form)


supra-

Learned borrowing from Latin suprā- (“above, over, beyond”).

lbor

Above, over, on top; (anatomy, medicine) superior


supra-

desc

Italian: sopra-, sopr- (before some vowels), sovra-

→ English: supra-

→ Italian: supra-


infra-

Internationalism (see English infra-), ultimately from Latin infra.


-aster

Learned borrowing from Latin -aster (“little, petty, partial, incomplete”).

lbor

poet + -aster → poetaster (“unskilled poet”)

critic + -aster → criticaster (“petty critic”)

pillar + -aster → pilaster (“pillar that does not provide support”)

Used to form diminutive and pejorative nouns, labeling someone pretending to be what they are not.


-aster

la-adj

-aster (feminine -astra, neuter -astrum); first/second-declension suffix (nominative masculine singular in -er)

-astra (feminine)
-astrum (neuter)
in -er (masculine nominative singular)
-aster (masculine nominative singular)
-astra (feminine nominative singular)
-astrum (neuter nominative singular)
-astrī (masculine nominative singular)
-astrae (feminine nominative plural)
-astra (neuter nominative plural)
-astrī (genitive masculine singular)
-astrae (feminine genitive singular)
-astrī (genitive neuter singular)
-astrōrum (genitive masculine singular)
-astrārum (feminine genitive plural)
-astrōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-astrō (dative masculine singular)
-astrae (dative feminine singular)
-astrō (dative neuter singular)
-astrīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
-astrum (accusative masculine singular)
-astram (accusative feminine singular)
-astrum (accusative neuter singular)
-astrōs (accusative masculine singular)
-astrās (accusative feminine plural)
-astra (accusative neuter plural)
-astrō (ablative masculine singular)
-astrā (ablative feminine singular)
-astrō (ablative neuter singular)
-astrīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
-aster (masculine singular vocative)
-astra (feminine singular vocative)
-astrum (neuter singular vocative)
-astrī (masculine singular vocative)
-astrae (feminine plural vocative)
-astra (neuter plural vocative)

la-adecl

First/second-declension suffix (nominative masculine singular in -er).

Catalan: -astre

French: -âtre

Italian: -astro

Portuguese: -astro

Romanian: -astru

Sicilian: -astru

Spanish: -astro

From suffix originally forming Ancient Greek nouns from verbs ending in -άζειν (-ázein).

pater (“father”) + -aster → patraster (“father-in-law, step-father”)

suffix of nouns or adjectives, expressing half, partial, or incomplete resemblance to the root word meaning; hence in some cases may be pejorative.


syl-

Greek συλ-, variant of the Greek prefix σύν (syn); used instead of syn- before an L


-isc

-isċ (canonical)
-isċ (nominative singular)
-isċ (nominative plural)
-isċ (accusative singular)
-isċ (accusative plural)
-isċes (genitive singular)
-isċa (genitive plural)
-isċe (dative singular)
-isċum (dative plural)

þeġnisċ

hīwisċ

īdisċ

property, household, family belongings, stuff

suffix forming nouns with a collective or group force


-isc

desctree

Middle High German: -isch
German: -isch
→ Dutch: -isch
Afrikaans: -ies
→ Indonesian: -is
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: -isch
Luxembourgish: -esch
Vilamovian: -yś
Yiddish: ־יש (-ish)

From Proto-West Germanic *-isk, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.

etymon

himilisc (“heavenly”) from himil (“heaven”)


-ine

From French -ine, feminine of -in; Latin -īna, feminine of -īnus.

Clement + -ine → Clementine

landgrave + -ine → landgravine

(non-productive) Used to form female given names or names of titles.


-ine

-ine (nominative singular)
-ineet (nominative plural)
-ine (accusative nominative singular)
-ineet (accusative nominative plural)
-ineen (accusative genitive singular)
-ineet (accusative genitive plural)
-ineen (genitive singular)
-ineiden (genitive plural)
-ineitten (genitive plural)
-inetta (partitive singular)
-ineita (partitive plural)
-ineessa (inessive singular)
-ineissa (inessive plural)
-ineesta (elative singular)
-ineista (elative plural)
-ineeseen (illative singular)
-ineisiin (illative plural)
-ineihin (illative plural)
-ineella (adessive singular)
-ineilla (adessive plural)
-ineelta (ablative singular)
-ineilta (ablative plural)
-ineelle (allative singular)
-ineille (allative plural)
-ineena (essive singular)
-ineina (essive plural)
-ineeksi (singular translative)
-ineiksi (plural translative)
-ineetta (abessive singular)
-ineitta (abessive plural)
-inein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-ineeni (nominative singular)
-ineeni (nominative plural)
-ineeni (accusative nominative singular)
-ineeni (accusative nominative plural)
-ineeni (accusative genitive singular)
-ineeni (accusative genitive plural)
-ineeni (genitive singular)
-ineideni (genitive plural)
-ineitteni (genitive plural)
-inettani (partitive singular)
-ineitani (partitive plural)
-ineessani (inessive singular)
-ineissani (inessive plural)
-ineestani (elative singular)
-ineistani (elative plural)
-ineeseeni (illative singular)
-ineisiini (illative plural)
-ineihini (illative plural)
-ineellani (adessive singular)
-ineillani (adessive plural)
-ineeltani (ablative singular)
-ineiltani (ablative plural)
-ineelleni (allative singular)
-ineilleni (allative plural)
-ineenani (essive singular)
-ineinani (essive plural)
-ineekseni (singular translative)
-ineikseni (plural translative)
-ineettani (abessive singular)
-ineittani (abessive plural)
-ineineni (comitative plural)
-ineesi (nominative singular)
-ineesi (nominative plural)
-ineesi (accusative nominative singular)
-ineesi (accusative nominative plural)
-ineesi (accusative genitive singular)
-ineesi (accusative genitive plural)
-ineesi (genitive singular)
-ineidesi (genitive plural)
-ineittesi (genitive plural)
-inettasi (partitive singular)
-ineitasi (partitive plural)
-ineessasi (inessive singular)
-ineissasi (inessive plural)
-ineestasi (elative singular)
-ineistasi (elative plural)
-ineeseesi (illative singular)
-ineisiisi (illative plural)
-ineihisi (illative plural)
-ineellasi (adessive singular)
-ineillasi (adessive plural)
-ineeltasi (ablative singular)
-ineiltasi (ablative plural)
-ineellesi (allative singular)
-ineillesi (allative plural)
-ineenasi (essive singular)
-ineinasi (essive plural)
-ineeksesi (singular translative)
-ineiksesi (plural translative)
-ineettasi (abessive singular)
-ineittasi (abessive plural)
-ineinesi (comitative plural)
-ineemme (nominative singular)
-ineemme (nominative plural)
-ineemme (accusative nominative singular)
-ineemme (accusative nominative plural)
-ineemme (accusative genitive singular)
-ineemme (accusative genitive plural)
-ineemme (genitive singular)
-ineidemme (genitive plural)
-ineittemme (genitive plural)
-inettamme (partitive singular)
-ineitamme (partitive plural)
-ineessamme (inessive singular)
-ineissamme (inessive plural)
-ineestamme (elative singular)
-ineistamme (elative plural)
-ineeseemme (illative singular)
-ineisiimme (illative plural)
-ineihimme (illative plural)
-ineellamme (adessive singular)
-ineillamme (adessive plural)
-ineeltamme (ablative singular)
-ineiltamme (ablative plural)
-ineellemme (allative singular)
-ineillemme (allative plural)
-ineenamme (essive singular)
-ineinamme (essive plural)
-ineeksemme (singular translative)
-ineiksemme (plural translative)
-ineettamme (abessive singular)
-ineittamme (abessive plural)
-ineinemme (comitative plural)
-ineenne (nominative singular)
-ineenne (nominative plural)
-ineenne (accusative nominative singular)
-ineenne (accusative nominative plural)
-ineenne (accusative genitive singular)
-ineenne (accusative genitive plural)
-ineenne (genitive singular)
-ineidenne (genitive plural)
-ineittenne (genitive plural)
-inettanne (partitive singular)
-ineitanne (partitive plural)
-ineessanne (inessive singular)
-ineissanne (inessive plural)
-ineestanne (elative singular)
-ineistanne (elative plural)
-ineeseenne (illative singular)
-ineisiinne (illative plural)
-ineihinne (illative plural)
-ineellanne (adessive singular)
-ineillanne (adessive plural)
-ineeltanne (ablative singular)
-ineiltanne (ablative plural)
-ineellenne (allative singular)
-ineillenne (allative plural)
-ineenanne (essive singular)
-ineinanne (essive plural)
-ineeksenne (singular translative)
-ineiksenne (plural translative)
-ineettanne (abessive singular)
-ineittanne (abessive plural)
-ineinenne (comitative plural)
-ineensa (nominative singular)
-ineensa (nominative plural)
-ineensa (accusative nominative singular)
-ineensa (accusative nominative plural)
-ineensa (accusative genitive singular)
-ineensa (accusative genitive plural)
-ineensa (genitive singular)
-ineidensa (genitive plural)
-ineittensa (genitive plural)
-inettaan (partitive singular)
-inettansa (partitive singular)
-ineitaan (partitive plural)
-ineitansa (partitive plural)
-ineessaan (inessive singular)
-ineessansa (inessive singular)
-ineissaan (inessive plural)
-ineissansa (inessive plural)
-ineestaan (elative singular)
-ineestansa (elative singular)
-ineistaan (elative plural)
-ineistansa (elative plural)
-ineeseensa (illative singular)
-ineisiinsa (illative plural)
-ineihinsa (illative plural)
-ineellaan (adessive singular)
-ineellansa (adessive singular)
-ineillaan (adessive plural)
-ineillansa (adessive plural)
-ineeltaan (ablative singular)
-ineeltansa (ablative singular)
-ineiltaan (ablative plural)
-ineiltansa (ablative plural)
-ineelleen (allative singular)
-ineellensa (allative singular)
-ineilleen (allative plural)
-ineillensa (allative plural)
-ineenaan (essive singular)
-ineenansa (essive singular)
-ineinaan (essive plural)
-ineinansa (essive plural)
-ineekseen (singular translative)
-ineeksensa (singular translative)
-ineikseen (plural translative)
-ineiksensa (plural translative)
-ineettaan (abessive singular)
-ineettansa (abessive singular)
-ineittaan (abessive plural)
-ineittansa (abessive plural)
-ineineen (comitative plural)
-ineinensa (comitative plural)
-ine (nominative singular)
-ineet (nominative plural)
-ine (accusative nominative singular)
-ineet (accusative nominative plural)
-ineen (accusative genitive singular)
-ineet (accusative genitive plural)
-ineen (genitive singular)
-ineiden (genitive plural)
-ineitten (genitive plural)
-inettä (partitive singular)
-ineitä (partitive plural)
-ineessä (inessive singular)
-ineissä (inessive plural)
-ineestä (elative singular)
-ineistä (elative plural)
-ineeseen (illative singular)
-ineisiin (illative plural)
-ineihin (illative plural)
-ineellä (adessive singular)
-ineillä (adessive plural)
-ineeltä (ablative singular)
-ineiltä (ablative plural)
-ineelle (allative singular)
-ineille (allative plural)
-ineenä (essive singular)
-ineinä (essive plural)
-ineeksi (singular translative)
-ineiksi (plural translative)
-ineettä (abessive singular)
-ineittä (abessive plural)
-inein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-ineeni (nominative singular)
-ineeni (nominative plural)
-ineeni (accusative nominative singular)
-ineeni (accusative nominative plural)
-ineeni (accusative genitive singular)
-ineeni (accusative genitive plural)
-ineeni (genitive singular)
-ineideni (genitive plural)
-ineitteni (genitive plural)
-inettäni (partitive singular)
-ineitäni (partitive plural)
-ineessäni (inessive singular)
-ineissäni (inessive plural)
-ineestäni (elative singular)
-ineistäni (elative plural)
-ineeseeni (illative singular)
-ineisiini (illative plural)
-ineihini (illative plural)
-ineelläni (adessive singular)
-ineilläni (adessive plural)
-ineeltäni (ablative singular)
-ineiltäni (ablative plural)
-ineelleni (allative singular)
-ineilleni (allative plural)
-ineenäni (essive singular)
-ineinäni (essive plural)
-ineekseni (singular translative)
-ineikseni (plural translative)
-ineettäni (abessive singular)
-ineittäni (abessive plural)
-ineineni (comitative plural)
-ineesi (nominative singular)
-ineesi (nominative plural)
-ineesi (accusative nominative singular)
-ineesi (accusative nominative plural)
-ineesi (accusative genitive singular)
-ineesi (accusative genitive plural)
-ineesi (genitive singular)
-ineidesi (genitive plural)
-ineittesi (genitive plural)
-inettäsi (partitive singular)
-ineitäsi (partitive plural)
-ineessäsi (inessive singular)
-ineissäsi (inessive plural)
-ineestäsi (elative singular)
-ineistäsi (elative plural)
-ineeseesi (illative singular)
-ineisiisi (illative plural)
-ineihisi (illative plural)
-ineelläsi (adessive singular)
-ineilläsi (adessive plural)
-ineeltäsi (ablative singular)
-ineiltäsi (ablative plural)
-ineellesi (allative singular)
-ineillesi (allative plural)
-ineenäsi (essive singular)
-ineinäsi (essive plural)
-ineeksesi (singular translative)
-ineiksesi (plural translative)
-ineettäsi (abessive singular)
-ineittäsi (abessive plural)
-ineinesi (comitative plural)
-ineemme (nominative singular)
-ineemme (nominative plural)
-ineemme (accusative nominative singular)
-ineemme (accusative nominative plural)
-ineemme (accusative genitive singular)
-ineemme (accusative genitive plural)
-ineemme (genitive singular)
-ineidemme (genitive plural)
-ineittemme (genitive plural)
-inettämme (partitive singular)
-ineitämme (partitive plural)
-ineessämme (inessive singular)
-ineissämme (inessive plural)
-ineestämme (elative singular)
-ineistämme (elative plural)
-ineeseemme (illative singular)
-ineisiimme (illative plural)
-ineihimme (illative plural)
-ineellämme (adessive singular)
-ineillämme (adessive plural)
-ineeltämme (ablative singular)
-ineiltämme (ablative plural)
-ineellemme (allative singular)
-ineillemme (allative plural)
-ineenämme (essive singular)
-ineinämme (essive plural)
-ineeksemme (singular translative)
-ineiksemme (plural translative)
-ineettämme (abessive singular)
-ineittämme (abessive plural)
-ineinemme (comitative plural)
-ineenne (nominative singular)
-ineenne (nominative plural)
-ineenne (accusative nominative singular)
-ineenne (accusative nominative plural)
-ineenne (accusative genitive singular)
-ineenne (accusative genitive plural)
-ineenne (genitive singular)
-ineidenne (genitive plural)
-ineittenne (genitive plural)
-inettänne (partitive singular)
-ineitänne (partitive plural)
-ineessänne (inessive singular)
-ineissänne (inessive plural)
-ineestänne (elative singular)
-ineistänne (elative plural)
-ineeseenne (illative singular)
-ineisiinne (illative plural)
-ineihinne (illative plural)
-ineellänne (adessive singular)
-ineillänne (adessive plural)
-ineeltänne (ablative singular)
-ineiltänne (ablative plural)
-ineellenne (allative singular)
-ineillenne (allative plural)
-ineenänne (essive singular)
-ineinänne (essive plural)
-ineeksenne (singular translative)
-ineiksenne (plural translative)
-ineettänne (abessive singular)
-ineittänne (abessive plural)
-ineinenne (comitative plural)
-ineensä (nominative singular)
-ineensä (nominative plural)
-ineensä (accusative nominative singular)
-ineensä (accusative nominative plural)
-ineensä (accusative genitive singular)
-ineensä (accusative genitive plural)
-ineensä (genitive singular)
-ineidensä (genitive plural)
-ineittensä (genitive plural)
-inettään (partitive singular)
-inettänsä (partitive singular)
-ineitään (partitive plural)
-ineitänsä (partitive plural)
-ineessään (inessive singular)
-ineessänsä (inessive singular)
-ineissään (inessive plural)
-ineissänsä (inessive plural)
-ineestään (elative singular)
-ineestänsä (elative singular)
-ineistään (elative plural)
-ineistänsä (elative plural)
-ineeseensä (illative singular)
-ineisiinsä (illative plural)
-ineihinsä (illative plural)
-ineellään (adessive singular)
-ineellänsä (adessive singular)
-ineillään (adessive plural)
-ineillänsä (adessive plural)
-ineeltään (ablative singular)
-ineeltänsä (ablative singular)
-ineiltään (ablative plural)
-ineiltänsä (ablative plural)
-ineelleen (allative singular)
-ineellensä (allative singular)
-ineilleen (allative plural)
-ineillensä (allative plural)
-ineenään (essive singular)
-ineenänsä (essive singular)
-ineinään (essive plural)
-ineinänsä (essive plural)
-ineekseen (singular translative)
-ineeksensä (singular translative)
-ineikseen (plural translative)
-ineiksensä (plural translative)
-ineettään (abessive singular)
-ineettänsä (abessive singular)
-ineittään (abessive plural)
-ineittänsä (abessive plural)
-ineineen (comitative plural)
-ineinensä (comitative plural)

From the same source as -ne (noun-forming suffix) (seen in murene, etc.), with contamination from -in (instrumental suffix) in both form and meaning.

Forms diminutive forms of nouns, particularly for objects or tools.


-ine

From Proto-Finnic *-inën. Cognates include Ingrian -in and Finnish -nen.


stereo-

From Ancient Greek στερεός (stereós, “solid”).

der

stereophonic

stereopsis, stereoblind

(specifically) Relating to the binocular contribution to three-dimensional vision.

stereo-

stereotype


stereo-

From Ancient Greek στερεο- (stereo-), combining form of στερεός (stereós, “firm, solid”).


stereo-

stereo- + -gnozja → stereognozja


normo-

(chiefly biology) A normal (standard) level of something, as opposed to corresponding terms beginning with hyper- and hypo-.


-bility

Alternative form of -ability (in certain restricted contexts of word formation)


des-

From Middle English des-, dis-, from Old French des-, from Latin dis-.

(organic chemistry) A removal of a group from a molecule.


des-

Inherited from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. Doublet of dis-, which was borrowed.

des- + fer (“to do”) → desfer (“to undo”)

indicates the negation of a verb; dis-, un-


des-

Borrowed from English dis-, French dés-, Italian dis-, Spanish des-. Compare dis-, from the same origin. Decision no. 251, Progreso IV.

io-bor

des- + honoro (“honor”) → deshonoro (“dishonor”)

Expresses the opposite of the root word.


des-

From Old Galician-Portuguese des-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.

des- + ligar (“to turn on”) → desligar (“to turn off”)

un-; de-; dis- (forms verbs indicating the reversal of the prefixed verb)

des- + amor (“love”) → desamor (“disdain”)

un- (forms nouns indicating the lack or opposite of the prefixed noun)


des-

Inherited from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.

des- + face (“to do”) → desface (“to undo”)


des-

Inherited from Old Spanish des-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. Doublet of dis-, which was borrowed.

des- + colgar (“to hang up (a phone)”) → descolgar (“to pick up (a phone)”)


al-

From Proto-Uralic *ëla. Cognates include Finnish ala-.

elnök (“president”) → alelnök (“vice president”)

vice, deputy (used with a rank of a person in office)


-zoic

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ζωϊκός (zōïkós), from ζῷον (zôion, “animal”).

Relating to some specified form of animal existence

Relating to some specified geologic period


-cula

Denoting things associated with, or compared to, Dracula: Count Chocula, Bunnicula etc.


-ino

bovo (“head of cattle, bull”) + -ino → bovino (“cow”)

ĉevalo (“horse, stallion”) + -ino → ĉevalino (“mare”)

filo (“son”) + -ino → filino (“daughter”)

fraŭlo (“bachelor”) + -ino → fraŭlino (“bachelorette, Miss”)

karulo (“dear”) + -ino → karulino (fem.)

knabo (“boy”) + -ino → knabino (“girl”)

koko (“chicken, rooster”) + -ino → kokino (“hen”)

koramiko (“boyfriend”) + -ino → koramikino (“girlfriend”)

leono (“lion”) + -ino → leonino (“lioness”)

lupo (“wolf”) + -ino → lupino (“she-wolf”)

onklo (“uncle”) + -ino → onklino (“aunt”)

patro (“father”) + -ino → patrino (“mother”)

sinjoro (“Mister”) + -ino → sinjorino (“Madam, Mistress”)

viro (“man”) + -ino → virino (“woman”)

vulpo (“fox”) + -ino → vulpino (“vixen”)


-ino

avo (“grandparent”) + -ino → avino (“grandmother”)

filio (“child, offspring”) + -ino → filiino (“daughter”)

frato (“sibling”) + -ino → fratino (“sister”)

kavalo (“horse”) + -ino → kavalino (“mare”)

kuzo (“cousin”) + -ino → kuzino (“(female) cousin”)

nepoto (“grandchild”) + -ino → nepotino (“granddaughter”)

nevo (“nephew or niece, nibling”) + -ino → nevino (“niece”)

onklo (“uncle or aunt”) + -ino → onklino (“aunt”)

rejo (“monarch”) + -ino → rejino (“queen”)

spozo (“spouse”) + -ino → spozino (“wife”)

yuno (“child”) + -ino → yunino (“girl”)


-yotl

(added to nouns) -ness, -ity, -hood, -ship, -ism, -ry; forms abstract nouns.


-yotl

tahtli (“father”) → tahyōtl (“paternity, fatherhood”)

tepitōn (“something small”) → tepitōnyōtl (“smallness”)

tōltēcatl (“artisan”) → tōltēcayōtl (“artisanry”)

ācatl (“cane”)→ ācayōtl (“piping”)

iztatl (“salt”) → iztayōtl (“brine”)

yāōtl (“enemy”) → yāōyōtl (“war, warfare”)

(added to nouns) forms concrete nouns with senses extended from the original.


te-

Indefinite animate possessor: someone's; somebody's.


te-

From Old Dutch *ti-, from Proto-Germanic *twiz-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwis-.

Creates verbs with a sense of ‘in pieces, apart, asunder’, or with intensive force.


te-

From Proto-Germanic *twiz-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwis-.

tebrekan (“to break apart”)

tebrestan (“to tear up”)

tedēlian (“to separate”)

tefallan (“to decay”)

tefaran (“to decay, to consume”)

tegangan (“to dissolve”)

teglīdan (“to glide away”)

tekīnan (“to dissolve”)

tekliovan (“to tear apart”)

telātan (“to disperse”)

telōsian (“to resolve”)

teskrīdan (“to dissolve”)

teslahan (“to destroy”)

tesprengian (“to smash”)

testōrian (“to destroy”)

testōtan (“to pound”)

teswingan (“to disperse”)

tewerpan (“to disperse, to destroy”)

Creates verbs with a sense of ‘apart, in piece, asunder’, or with intensive force.


-ere

Borrowed as part of Latin, French or German verbs. Cognate to French -er, German -ieren, Swedish -era.

Used in verbs derived from Latin, French or German, indicating the action of doing the first part of the word; such as revolutionere (“to revolutionise”), from revolution.


-ere

Dutch: -er, -aar

Afrikaans: -er

Limburgish: -er

From Old Dutch *-āri, -ere, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz (masc. agent suffix).


-ere

From Old Norse -era, through Middle High German -ieren, from Old French -ier, from Latin -āre.
Cognate to French -er, German -ieren and Swedish -era.

Used in verbs derived from Latin, French or German, indicating the action of doing the first part of the word; such as revolusjonere (“to revolutionise”), from revolusjon (“revolution”). Equivalent in meaning to English -ize.


-ere

Used in verbs derived from Latin, French or German, indicating the action of doing the first part of the word. Equivalent in meaning to English -ize.


-ere

-ere (nominative singular)
-eras (nominative plural)
-ere (accusative singular)
-eras (accusative plural)
-eres (genitive singular)
-era (genitive plural)
-ere (dative singular)
-erum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: -er, -are, -ere
English: -er
Scots: -ar

From Proto-West Germanic *-ārī, from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz.
Uncertain ultimate origin, usually held to be from Latin -ārius. Gąsiorowski instead suggests that *-ārijaz is a native formation; he derives it from earlier *-azrijaz, which he etymologises as a zero-grade form of *-sōr suffixed with *-ih₂, creating a suffix *-sr-ih₂ for forming feminine agent nouns, which were then masculinised by attaching *-ós. He also suggests a relation to Proto-West Germanic *-astrijā.
Cognate with Old Frisian -ere, Old Saxon -āri, Old High German -āri.

dōm (“judgement”) + -ere → dōmere (“judge”)

fugol (“bird”) + -ere → fuglere (“fowler”)

masculine agent suffix, originally applied only to nouns


-fier

One who, or that which, does what is indicated by the stem (usually a verb).


-ification

/ɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

From Middle English -ificacioun (ending on words generally borrowed whole from Old French), from Old French -ification, in turn from Latin -ficātiō, a noun ending which appears on action nouns formed using the suffix -tiō (English -tion) from verbs ending in -ficō (English -ify). Compare -faction.


ylä-

From Proto-Finnic *ülä-. Cognates include Finnish ylä- and Veps ülä-.


-o-

Adopted from Latin -o-, originating ultimately from Ancient Greek -ό- (-ó-) and -ο- (-o-).
In English, the connective is found from the Middle English period in direct borrowings from Latin. Direct formations of English terms with the connective, always combining Greek or Latin roots, appear from the 16th or 17th century. From the 18th century, the suffix becomes productive in compounds where the second element is English. From about 1800, formations on all sorts of stems become common.

extreme + -o- + -phile producing extremophile
blog + -o- + -sphere producing blogosphere
speed + -o- + meter producing speedometer
sadism + -o- + masochism producing sadomasochism
smell + -o- + vision producing smell-o-vision

classical compounds
w:classical compound

international scientific vocabulary
w:international scientific vocabulary

A linking vowel inserted interconsonantally between two morphemes, to ease pronunciation, without contributing to the meaning. It frequently joins words or combining forms of Ancient Greek or Classical Latin origin in the classical compounds of New Latin and international scientific vocabulary, but it can also be used to join modern terms and even abbreviations, either formally or informally.


-o-

Inherited from Old Czech -o-, from Proto-Slavic *-o-.


-o-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-o-. Compare Slovincian -ô-

used to link two words in some compounds; -o-


-o-

Adopted from the thematic vowel in Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-) and -ό- (-ó-), often used to form nominal compounds. In Ancient Greek, the connective suffix originates in compounds where the first member is thematic, such as δημοκρατία (dēmokratía), but was extended by analogy to other stems, such as μητρόπολις (mētrópolis). The suffix was borrowed as a connective into Latin, mainly in compounds of Greek origin.
The suffix becomes productive and forms new compounds in learned humanist Latin, from the Renaissance. The connective is especially productive in connecting ethnonyms or geographical terms; genuine Greek stems include Gallo-, and Syro-, but most are of medieval or modern origin, productive from the 15th century, such as Anglo-, Graeco- or Latino-.

(post-classical Latin) Suffix forming nominal compounds (such as anglosaxonicus (“Anglo-Saxon”), from Anglus (“Angle, English”) and saxonicus (“Saxon”)).


-o-

Polish: -o-

Silesian: -o-

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-o-
Old Polish -o-
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-o-


-o-

Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic *-o-
Old Polish -o-
Polish -o-
Inherited from Old Polish -o-.

deszcz + -o- + mierzyć → deszczomierz


-o-

kiš + -o- + -bran → kȉšobrān

Interfix used for forming nominal compounds.


-o-

From Old Swedish -u, -o, from the Old Swedish genitive form of Germanic feminine ōn-stems.
Alternates with -u- according to Old Swedish rules of syllable weight, where -o was used after heavy syllables and -u after light.

Genitival interfix used to link elements in some compounds.


-o-

horni + -o- + serbšćina → hornjoserbšćina


-o-

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -о- (-o-)

Middle Russian: -о- (-o-)

Russian: -о- (-o-)

Old Ruthenian: -о- (-o-)

desc

Belarusian: (stressed) -о- (-o-), (unstressed) -а- (-a-)

Carpathian Rusyn: -о- (-o-)

Ukrainian: -о- (-o-)

Old Novgorodian: -о- (-o-)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: -о- (-o-)

Glagolitic script: -ⱁ- (-o-)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -о-

Latin script: -o-

Slovene: -o-

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -o-

Czech: -o-

Old Polish: -o-

Polish: -o-

Silesian: -o-

Polabian: -ü-

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: -o-

Slovincian: -ô-

Slovak: -o-

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -o-

Upper Sorbian: -o-

čьrnъ (“black”) + *-o- + *bylь (“plant, herb”) → *čьrnobylь (“mugwort”)

bělъ (“white”) + *-o- + *golvъ (“headed”) → *bělogolvъ (“white headed”)

dobrъ (“good”) + *-o- + *mirъ (“peace”) → *Dobromirъ (given name)


-osité

Inherited from Middle French -osité, from Latin -ōsitātem.


radio-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-radio-.wav

e.g. radiotelemetry, radioacoustics, radiotelegraph

e.g. radiobicipital

radiosymmetrical


radio-

Ultimately from French radio-. Akin to Italian radio- and Spanish radio-.


radio-

radio- + -grafia → radiografia


-άκι

-áki (romanization)
-άκι (nominative singular)
-άκια (nominative plural)
-άκι (accusative singular)
-άκια (accusative plural)
-άκι (singular vocative)
-άκια (plural vocative)

el-decl-noun

Genitive forms are rare or non-existent.

Inherited from diminutive Mediaval Byzantine Greek -άκι (-áki) / -άκιν, from diminutive Hellenistic Koine Greek -άκιον (-ákion). A reanalysis of Ancient Greek diminutives formed with the suffix -ιον (-ion) from nouns ending in -αξ (-ax), stem -ακ- (-ak-), retaining or not retaining the diminutive sense.
Examples: the modern λαβράκι (lavráki) < Ancient Greek λαβράκιον (labrákion) from λάβραξ (lábrax, “seabass”), the modern ρυάκι (ryáki) < Hellenistic ῥυάκιον (rhuákion) from ῥύαξ (rhúax, “torrential stream, esp. of lava”), συάκιν (suákin) from σῦαξ (sûax, “a fish species”). See also ἱεράκιον (hierákion), καμάκι (kamáki) and αυλάκι (avláki).

ποτάμι (potámi, “river”) + -άκι (-áki) → ποταμάκι (potamáki, “rivulet”)

άντρας (ántras, “husband”) + -άκι (-áki) → αντράκι (antráki)

γυναίκα (gynaíka, “wife”) + -άκι (-áki) → γυναικάκι (gynaikáki)

κερί (kerí, “candle”) + -άκι (-áki) → κεράκι (keráki, “small candle”)

Added to nouns (chiefly neuter) to give a diminutive form, expressing small size or affection.


-ски

-ski (romanization)
-ски (indefinite singular)
-ски (indefinite plural)
-ският (definite singular subjective)
-ските (definite plural subjective)
-ския (definite objective singular)
-ските (definite objective plural)

море́ (moré) + -ски (-ski) → мо́рски (mórski)

брат (brat) + -ски (-ski) → бра́тски (brátski)

жена́ (žená) + -ски (-ski) → же́нски (žénski)

свят (svjat) + -ски (-ski) → све́тски (svétski)


-ски

брат m (brat) + -ски (-ski) → братски (bratski)

суд m (sud) + -ски (-ski) → судски (sudski)

жена f (žena) + -ски (-ski) → женски (ženski)

зима f (zima) + -ски (-ski) → зимски (zimski)

говедо n (govedo) + -ски (-ski) → говедски (govedski)

езеро n (ezero) + -ски (-ski) → езерски (ezerski)


-ски

Inherited from Old Slovak -ský, from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ. Cognates include Slovak -ský and Carpathian Rusyn -ськый (-sʹkŷj).

relational adjective
relational adjective#English

Used to form relational adjectives from nouns: -ish


-ски

-скӣ (canonical)
-skī (romanization)
-ski (romanization)

From Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.

мо̑ре + -ски → мо̀рскӣ

added to nouns to form a relational adjective


-ка

English much + -ка (-ka) → мачка (mačka, “much”)


-trice

used to form the feminine of nouns and adjectives ending in -tore


-esco

French: -esque

English: -esque

German: -esk

From Late Latin, Vulgar Latin -iscus.
Cognates: see Proto-Germanic *-iskaz.

Dante (“the poet Dante Alighieri”) + -esco → dantesco (“Dantesque”)

forms adjectives (sometimes used as nouns) that indicate relationship, membership, quality


-esco

-ēscō (canonical)
-ēscere (infinitive present)
-ī (active perfect)
-um (supine)
-ēscō (active first-person indicative present singular)
-ēscis (active indicative present second-person singular)
-ēscit (active indicative present singular third-person)
-ēscimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
-ēscitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
-ēscunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
-ēscēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-ēscēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-ēscēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-ēscēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-ēscēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-ēscēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-ēscam (active first-person future indicative singular)
-ēscēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
-ēscet (active future indicative singular third-person)
-ēscēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
-ēscētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
-ēscent (active future indicative plural third-person)
-ī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
-istī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
-it (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
-imus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
-istis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
-ērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
-ēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
-eram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
-erās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
-erat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
-erāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
-erātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
-erant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
-erō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
-eris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
-erit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
-erimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
-eritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
-erint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
-ēscor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
-ēsceris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
-ēscere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
-ēscitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
-ēscimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
-ēsciminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
-ēscuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
-ēscēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
-ēscēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
-ēscēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
-ēscēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
-ēscēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
-ēscēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
-ēscēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
-ēscar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
-ēscēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
-ēscēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
-ēscētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
-ēscēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
-ēscēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
-ēscentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
-us + present active indicative of sum (indicative passive perfect)
-us + future active indicative of sum (future indicative passive perfect)
-ēscam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
-ēscās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
-ēscat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
-ēscāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
-ēscātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
-ēscant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
-ēscerem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-ēscerēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-ēsceret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-ēscerēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-ēscerētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-ēscerent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-erim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
-erīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-erit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-erīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
-erītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-erint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-issem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
-issēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-isset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-issēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
-issētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-issent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-ēscar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
-ēscāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
-ēscāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
-ēscātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
-ēscāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
-ēscāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
-ēscantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
-ēscerer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
-ēscerēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-ēscerēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-ēscerētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-ēscerēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
-ēscerēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-ēscerentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-us + present active subjunctive of sum (passive perfect subjunctive)
-ēsce (active imperative present second-person singular)
-ēscite (active imperative plural present second-person)
-ēscitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
-ēscitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
-ēscitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
-ēscuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
-ēscere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
-ēsciminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
-ēscitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
-ēscitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
-ēscuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
-ēscere (active imperative infinitive present)
-isse (active imperative infinitive perfect)
-ūrum esse (active future imperative infinitive)
-ēscī (imperative infinitive passive present)
-um esse (imperative infinitive passive perfect)
-um īrī (future imperative infinitive passive)
-ēscēns (active imperative participle present)
-ūrus (active future imperative participle)
-us (imperative participle passive perfect)
-ēscendus (future imperative participle passive)
-ēscundus (future imperative participle passive)
-ēscendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
-ēscendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
-ēscendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
-ēscendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
-um (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
-ū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Aromanian: -esc- (-escu, -eshti, -eashti, -escu), -ãsc-

Catalan: -eix- (-eixo, -eixes, -eix, -eixen), -isc- (-ixes, -ix, -ixen)

→ English: -esce; -ise, -ish (via Old French)

Franco-Provençal: -éss-: -éss- (-ésso, -és, -ét, -éssens, -ésséds, -éssont)

French: -iss- (-is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent)

Friulian: -is- (-ìs, -issis, -ìs, -issin)

Italian: -isc- (-isco, -isci, -isce, -iscono)

Occitan: -iss- (-issi, -isses, -ís)

Portuguese: -ecer, → -escer

Romanian: -esc- (-esc, -ești, -ește, -esc), -ăsc-

Romansch: -esch- (-eschel, -eschas, -escha)

Spanish: -ecer

Venetan: -is- (-iso, -isi, -ise, -ise)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yetider.
Proto-Italic *-ēō
Latin -eō
Proto-Italic *-skō
Latin -scō
Latin -ēscō
From -eō + -scō.

etymon

-ēscō

Forms verbs from adjectives meaning "become (adjective)".


-poeia

From Latin -poeia, from Ancient Greek ποιέω (poiéō, “I make”).

Used to form nouns that denote the making or creating of something.


-ag

From -a- (linking vowel) + -g (frequentative and nominal-forming suffix).

affix

kacag (“to laugh”)

(frequentative suffix) Added to a stem - often an onomatopoeia - to form a verb expressing a (quickly) repeating or continuous action.

oszt (“to deal out”) + -ag → osztag (“squad”)

ló (“horse”) + -ag → lovag (“knight”)

hallgat (“to remain silent”) + -ag → hallgatag (“taciturn, reserved”)

(nominal-forming suffix) Added to a verb or a noun to form a noun or an adjective.


-ag

From Old Irish -óc, from Proto-Brythonic *-ọg, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos. Doublet of -agh.

A feminine suffix used to form nouns meaning a smaller form of something.


-ag

From Old Irish -óc, from Proto-Brythonic *-ọg, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos. Doublet of -ach.

slat (“stick, rod, twig, switch, wand”) + -ag → slatag (“violin bow, wand”)

bior (“prickle, thorn”) + -ag → biorag (“small thorn, small prickle”)

nighean (“daughter, girl”) + -ag → nìghneag (“little girl, daughterling”)
Often used for female given names.
Mòrag, Sìneag, Annag, Beathag


dé-

* Partially inherited from Middle French des-, from Old French des-, from a conflation of Latin dis- (“apart”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dwís) and Late Latin dē ex = dē- (“from”) + ex- (“out”); Compare the neological borrowing dis-.
* Partially borrowed from Latin dē- (“from”) in some cases; compare the inherited form de-.

used to make antonyms (similar to English prefixes un-, dis-)


halo-

(chemistry) Forming names of chemical compounds which contain one or more halogen atoms.


halo-

halo- + -gen → halogen


halo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls, “salt”).


mì-

From Old Irish mí- (compare Irish mí-), from Proto-Indo-European *mei- (“to change”). Cognate with English mis-, Latin minus (“lesser”), Ancient Greek μείων (meíōn, “less”).

un-, non-


do-

do- + studovat → dostudovat

do- + hořet → dohořet

do- + cestovat → docestovat

do- + dělat → dodělat

do- + vařit → dovařit

do- + kouřit → dokouřit

do- + číst → dočíst

a prefix, usually indicating a destination or a completed action or state


socio-

From Latin socius (“associated, allied; partner, companion, ally”), from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷ-yo- (“companion”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”).

der

So we at this point want to encourage everyone to have principled relationships, and to understand where their relationship fits in terms of socio-impact. We want heterosexuals to understand their privilege in relation to lesbians but not to across the board say we're not going to work with you unless you're a lesbian.

1980 December 27, Lee Swinslow, quoting Krissy Keeler, “Wallflower: Moving With Their Politics”, in Gay Community News, volume 8, number 23, page 10:


cardio-

From Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía, “heart”).

(anatomy) Relating to the cardia of the stomach.


cardio-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía, “heart”).


cardio-

From Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā, “heart”), through French cardio-.


cardio-

From Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā, “heart”).

cardio- + vascular → cardiovascular

cardio-; forms words pertaining to the heart


hepato-

From Ancient Greek ἠπᾰτ- (ēpăt-), the stem of ἧπᾰρ (hêpăr, “liver”); compare hepar.


pneumono-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *plew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mō
Proto-Indo-European *pléwmō
Ancient Greek πλεύμων (pleúmōn)
Proto-Indo-European *pnew-
Ancient Greek πνέω (pnéō)influ.
Proto-Indo-European *pnew-
Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥
Proto-Indo-European *pnéwmn̥
Ancient Greek πνεῦμα (pneûma)influ.
Ancient Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn)bor.
English pneumono-
From Ancient Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn, “lung”).


angio-

From Ancient Greek ἀγγεῖον (angeîon, “vessel, urn, pot”), itself from Ancient Greek ἄγγος (ángos, “vessel”).

uder

vessel; relating to blood vessels, lymph vessels, or both.

verisuoni-

relating to blood vessels or lymph vessels


angio-

(anatomy, medicine) angio- (relating to blood vessels or lymph vessels)


angio-

angio- + -grafia → angiografia


angio-

From Ancient Greek ἀγγεῖον (angeîon, “vessel, urn”).


rhino-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ῥινός (rhinós), genitive of ῥίς (rhís, “nose”)


rhino-

→ Persian: رینوـ (rino-)

→ Romanian: rino-

→ Turkish: rino-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ῥινός (rhinós), genitive of ῥίς (rhís, “nose”).


-adair

leugh ("read") + -adair → leughadair ("reader")

sgrìobh ("write") + -adair → sgrìobhadair ("writer")

Forming nouns from verbs with the sense of ‘person or thing which does’


-air

From Middle French -aire, from Latin -ārium. In many cases borrowed or derived from French -aire.


-ear

gl-verb

-ear (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -eo, first-person singular preterite -eei, past participle -eado)

-eo (first-person present singular)
-eei (first-person preterite singular)
-eado (participle past)
-ear (impersonal infinitive)
-ear (first-person infinitive singular)
-eares (infinitive second-person singular)
-ear (infinitive personal singular)
-earmos (first-person infinitive plural)
-eardes (infinitive plural second-person)
-earen (infinitive personal plural)
-eando (gerund)
-eado (masculine participle past singular)
-eado (first-person masculine participle past singular)
-eado (masculine participle past second-person singular)
-eados (masculine participle past plural)
-eados (first-person masculine participle past plural second-person)
-eada (feminine participle past singular)
-eada (feminine first-person participle past singular)
-eada (feminine participle past second-person singular)
-eadas (feminine participle past plural)
-eadas (feminine first-person participle past plural second-person)
-eo (first-person indicative present singular)
-eas (indicative present second-person singular)
-ea (indicative present singular)
-eamos (first-person indicative plural present)
-eades (indicative plural present second-person)
-ean (indicative plural present)
-eaba (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-eabas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-eaba (imperfect indicative singular)
-eabamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-eabades (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-eaban (imperfect indicative plural)
-eei (first-person indicative preterite singular)
-eaches (indicative preterite second-person singular)
-eou (indicative preterite singular)
-eamos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
-eastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
-earon (indicative plural preterite)
-eara (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
-earas (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
-eara (indicative pluperfect singular)
-earamos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
-earades (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
-earan (indicative pluperfect plural)
-earei (first-person future indicative singular)
-earás (future indicative second-person singular)
-eará (future indicative singular)
-earemos (first-person future indicative plural)
-earedes (future indicative plural second-person)
-earán (future indicative plural)
-earía (conditional first-person singular)
-earías (conditional second-person singular)
-earía (conditional singular)
-eariamos (conditional first-person plural)
-eariades (conditional plural second-person)
-earían (conditional plural)
-ee (first-person present singular subjunctive)
-ees (present second-person singular subjunctive)
-ee (present singular subjunctive)
-eemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
-eedes (plural present second-person subjunctive)
-een (plural present subjunctive)
-ease (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-eases (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-ease (imperfect singular subjunctive)
-eásemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-eásedes (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-easen (imperfect plural subjunctive)
-ear (first-person future singular subjunctive)
-eares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
-ear (future singular subjunctive)
-earmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
-eardes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
-earen (future plural subjunctive)
-ea (imperative positive second-person singular)
-ee (imperative positive singular)
-eemos (first-person imperative plural positive)
-eade (imperative plural positive second-person)
-een (imperative plural positive)
non -ees (imperative negative second-person singular)
non -ee (imperative negative singular)
non -eemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
non -eedes (imperative negative plural second-person)
non -een (imperative negative plural)

From Late Latin -izāre. Doublet of -izar, which was borrowed.

forms verbs from adjectives and nouns, equivalent to English -ize


-ear

-ear (impersonal infinitive)
-ear (first-person infinitive singular)
-eares (infinitive second-person singular)
-ear (infinitive singular third-person)
-earmos (first-person infinitive plural)
-eardes (infinitive plural second-person)
-earem (infinitive plural third-person)
-eando (gerund)
-eado (masculine participle past singular)
-eados (masculine participle past plural)
-eada (feminine participle past singular)
-eadas (feminine participle past plural)
-eio (first-person indicative present singular)
-eias (indicative present second-person singular)
-eia (indicative present singular third-person)
-eamos (first-person indicative plural present)
-eais (indicative plural present second-person)
-eiam (indicative plural present third-person)
-eava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-eavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-eava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-eávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-eáveis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-eavam (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-eei (first-person indicative preterite singular)
-easte (indicative preterite second-person singular)
-eou (indicative preterite singular third-person)
-eamos (Brazil first-person indicative plural preterite)
-eámos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
-eastes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
-earam (indicative plural preterite third-person)
-eara (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
-earas (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
-eara (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
-eáramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
-eáreis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
-earam (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
-earei (first-person future indicative singular)
-earás (future indicative second-person singular)
-eará (future indicative singular third-person)
-earemos (first-person future indicative plural)
-eareis (future indicative plural second-person)
-earão (future indicative plural third-person)
-earia (conditional first-person singular)
-earias (conditional second-person singular)
-earia (conditional singular third-person)
-earíamos (conditional first-person plural)
-earíeis (conditional plural second-person)
-eariam (conditional plural third-person)
-eie (first-person present singular subjunctive)
-eies (present second-person singular subjunctive)
-eie (present singular subjunctive third-person)
-eemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
-eeis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
-eiem (plural present subjunctive third-person)
-easse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-easses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-easse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-eássemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-eásseis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-eassem (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-ear (first-person future singular subjunctive)
-eares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
-ear (future singular subjunctive third-person)
-earmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
-eardes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
-earem (future plural subjunctive third-person)
-eia (imperative positive second-person singular)
-eie (imperative positive singular third-person)
-eemos (first-person imperative plural positive)
-eai (imperative plural positive second-person)
-eiem (imperative plural positive third-person)
não -eies (imperative negative second-person singular)
não -eie (imperative negative singular third-person)
não -eemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
não -eeis (imperative negative plural second-person)
não -eiem (imperative negative plural third-person)

From Old Galician-Portuguese -ear, from Late Latin -izāre. Doublet of -izar, which was borrowed.

guerra (“war”) + -ear → guerrear (“to war”)


-ear

drùis (“lechery, licentiousness, lust”) + -ear → drùisear (“whoremonger, fornicator, lecher”)