biblio-

From Ancient Greek βιβλίον (biblíon, “small book”).


biblio-

biblio- + -mania → bibliomania


aero-

From Ancient Greek ἀέρος (aéros), the genitive singular of ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”).


aero-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀέρος (aéros), the genitive singular of ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”).


aero-

Derived from Ancient Greek ἀέρος (aéros).

der+

aero- + klub → aeroklub


aero-

From Ancient Greek ἀέρος (aéros), the genitive singular of ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”). Doublet of ar.


astro-

From Ancient Greek ἄστρον (ástron, “celestial body”).

der

celestial bodies: fixed stars, wandering stars (planets), etc.; space; astronomy


astro-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄστρον (ástron).


astro-

Internationalism (see English astro-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἄστρον (ástron).


astro-

From Ancient Greek ἄστρον (ástron, “star”).


astro-

astro- + fizyka → astrofizyka


an-

From Middle English an-, from Old English an-, on- (“on-”), from Proto-West Germanic *ana-, from Proto-Germanic *ana- (“on”). More at on.

ancome, aneal, anent


an-

From Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-). Doublet of un- and in- .

not; used to make words that have a sense opposite to the word (or stem) to which the prefix is attached. Used with stems that begin with vowels and "h".

anoxia (without oxygen), anandrous (without male parts)


an-

From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).


an-

in-, an-. Alternative form of a- before a vowel or h


an-

Alternative form of a- indicating lack or loss


an-

From the preposition an, from Proto-Germanic *in. Compare German ein-, English in-.

in- (indicates physical or metaphorical motion into something)


an-

Welsh: an-, af-

From Proto-Brythonic *an-, from Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.


an-

Irish: an-

Scottish Gaelic: an-

denoting a movement away from some reference point, used to form adverbs of place, for example anúas (“from above”)


an-

Alternative form of a- used before words beginning with vowels


an-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-).

lbor

forming words with the sense of negation, an-


an-

From the Old Swedish and- meaning “against/towards”.


an-

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *an-
Breton: an-
Middle Welsh: an-
Welsh: an-, af-

Old Irish: an-, am-, é-, in-
Irish: an-
Scottish Gaelic: an-


an-

Breton: an-

Middle Welsh: an-
Welsh: an-, af-

From earlier an- (found in andagin (“worthless”, accusative singular feminine) of the Bath curse tablets), from Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.


-ly

From Middle English -ly, -li, -lik, -lich, from Old English -līċ, from Proto-West Germanic *-līk, from Proto-Germanic *-līkaz (“having the body or form of”), from *līką (“body”) (whence lich). In form, probably influenced by Old Norse -ligr (“-ly”) (Norwegian Bokmål -lig, Faroese -ligur, Icelandic -legur). Cognate with Dutch -lijk, German -lich, Danish -lig and Swedish -lig. Doublet of -like, more at like.

-lig

forming adjectives from nouns, in the sense "occurring at such intervals"

-ttainen (combination of two suffixes for adjectives; only the first suffix for adverbs)

month + -ly → monthly

day + -ly → daily

Used to form adjectives from nouns specifying time intervals, the adjectives having the sense of "occurring at such intervals".


-ing

kering (“to circulate, orbit”)

(frequentative suffix) Added to a verb or to an onomatopoeic stem to form a verb denoting repetitive action.


-ing

is-noun

-ing f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -ingar, nominative plural -ingar)

-ingar (genitive singular)
-ingar (nominative plural)
-ing (indefinite nominative singular)
-ingin (definite nominative singular)
-ingar (indefinite nominative plural)
-ingarnar (definite nominative plural)
-ingu (accusative indefinite singular)
-inguna (accusative definite singular)
-ingar (accusative indefinite plural)
-ingarnar (accusative definite plural)
-ingu (dative indefinite singular)
-ingunni (dative definite singular)
-ingum (dative indefinite plural)
-ingunum (dative definite plural)
-ingar (genitive indefinite singular)
-ingarinnar (definite genitive singular)
-inga (genitive indefinite plural)
-inganna (definite genitive plural)

Inherited from Old Norse -ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.

-ing; indicates an action performed by a verb


-ing

English: -ing, -in', -in

Scots: -in, -in', -ing

Yola: -een, -en

Inherited from Old English -ing, -ung, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.

Forms collective nouns from verbs meaning "to utilise (a given thing)".


-ing

Inherited from Old Norse -ingr m, -ingi m, -ing f, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.

Han var lei av masing.

Used to form verbal nouns from verbs; -ing.


-ing

non-decl-f-o

Note the dative -u that is a staple of the declension of these words

non-decl-blank-full

-ing

-ing (indefinite nominative singular)
-ingin (definite nominative singular)
-ingar (indefinite nominative plural)
-ingarnar (definite nominative plural)
-ing (accusative indefinite singular)
-ingina (accusative definite singular)
-ingar (accusative indefinite plural)
-ingarnar (accusative definite plural)
-ingu (dative indefinite singular)
-ingunni (dative definite singular)
-ingum (dative indefinite plural)
-ingunum (dative definite plural)
-ingar (genitive indefinite singular)
-ingarinnar (definite genitive singular)
-inga (genitive indefinite plural)
-inganna (definite genitive plural)

Icelandic: -ing, -ung

Faroese: -ing

Norwegian Nynorsk: -ing

Norwegian Bokmål: -ing

Old Swedish: -ing, -ung

Swedish: -ing, -ung (fossilized)

Danish: -ing

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.


-ing

-ing (nominative singular)
-ingi (nominative plural)
-ingu (genitive singular)
-ingów (genitive plural)
-ingowi (dative singular)
-ingom (dative plural)
-ing (accusative singular)
-ingi (accusative plural)
-ingiem (instrumental singular)
-ingami (instrumental plural)
-ingu (locative singular)
-ingach (locative plural)
-ingu (singular vocative)
-ingi (plural vocative)

grzyb + -ing → grzybing


-ing

es-noun

-ing m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ings)


-ing

Inherited from Old Swedish -ing, -ung, from Old Norse -ing, -ung, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō. Cognate with German -ung.

Used to form verbal nouns from verbs; -ation.


Euro-

Shortened unetymologically from Europe or Europo- in compounds. 20th-century formation, perhaps echoing terms like Afro-, Indo-, Sino- etc. An early attestation is the 1911 title The "Euro-Asian" or "Anglo-Indian", but the word Eurasian is attested in English from 1844. In finance, the term is a generalisation of Eurobond, which originally referred to bonds denominated in dollars but issued in Europe.

Pertaining to Europe, especially as a political entity.


dys-

From New Latin dys-, from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “hard, difficult, bad”).

der

dysejaculation, dysuria

dysgraphia, dysphasia, dysoxic

dysfluent


dys-

dys- + harmonia → dysharmonia


sebe

sebe (genitive stressed)
sebe (clitic genitive)
sobě (dative stressed)
si (clitic dative)
sebe (accusative stressed)
se (accusative clitic)
sobě (locative)
sebou (instrumental)

(genitive, accusative, reflexive) oneself


de-

From Latin dē-, from the preposition dē (“of”, “from”). For sense development, compare Old English æf-, which was a similar prefix.

de- + fraud → defraud

de- + complex → decomplex

de- + numerate → denumerate

de- + pauperize → depauperize

de- + prostrate → deprostrate

de- + specificate → despecificate


de-

→ English: de-

French: de-, dé- (partially)

Italian: de-

Spanish: de-

→ Swedish: de-


de-

aktywować + de- → dezaktywować


de-

From Latin dē-, from the preposition dē (“of”, “from”), through loan words mainly from French.


de-

de- + baterya (“battery”) → de-baterya (“with battery; powered by battery”)

de- + gulong (“wheel”) → de-gulong (“with wheels”)

de- + kahoy (“wood”) → de-kahoy (“wooden”)

de- + koryente (“electricity”) → de-koryente (“electrical”)

prepositional particle added to indicate possession of quality or object


di-

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
Borrowed from Latin di-, from Ancient Greek δι- (di-, “two”).

diacetate is any salt or ester having two acetate groups, dialkene is any alkene having two double bonds, diarchy is a state under the rule of two people; the form of government of such state, diactinal is having two rays

dikinetic is having both metakinetic and mesokinetic joints, dialetheism is the theory that statements can be both true and false at the same time and in the same sense, dianalytic is describing a function that is analytic or antianalytic with regards to both the domain and codomain

Both, possessing two distinct (possibly opposing) qualities.


di-

divide is to split or separate (something) into two or more parts, diverge is to run apart; to separate; to tend into different directions

Alternative form of dis-: split, to split; shortened before l, m, n, r, s (followed by a consonant), and v; also often shortened before g, and sometimes before j.


di-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δίς (dís, “twice”).


di-

Internationalism (see English di-), ultimately from Ancient Greek δι- (di-).


di-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek δίς (dís, “twice”).


di-

From Malay di-, from Classical Malay di-, from Late Old Malay di-, from Early Old Malay ni-, from Proto-Malayic *ni-, a metathesis of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”). Doublet of -in-.

inh

dimakan

Used to form passive voice or "patient focus" (in some analysis) on a verb.


di-

head

di- (Jawi spelling before consonant-initial stems د-, Jawi spelling before vowel-initial stems دأ-)

before consonant-initial stems د- (Jawi)
before vowel-initial stems دأ- (Jawi)

From Late Old Malay ni-, from Early Old Malay ni-, from Proto-Malayic *ni-, a metathesis of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-in-, from Proto-Austronesian *-in- (“verb perfective infix for object focus”). Doublet of -in-.

di- + buka (“to open”) → dibuka (“was opened”)

Pintu itu dibuka (oleh) ayah.

(third person) Patient focus or passive voice marker of a verb.


di-

di- + chromatyczny → dichromatyczny


diplo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Ancient Greek διπλόος (diplóos), διπλοῦς (diploûs, “double”).

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


dodeca-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δώδεκα (dṓdeka, “twelve”).


deka-

From Dutch deca-, from French déca-, from Late Latin decas (“(set of) ten”), from Ancient Greek δέκας (dékas), from δέκα (déka, “ten”). Doublet of dasa-.


deka-

deka- + gram → dekagram


dia-

From Ancient Greek prefix δια- (dia-), from διά (diá, “through, across, by, over”).


dia-

From Ancient Greek δια- (dia-), from διά (diá, “through, across, by, over”).


dia-

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek δια- (dia-).

lbor

dia- + -chroniczny → diachroniczny


deutero-

From Ancient Greek δεύτερος (deúteros, “second (of two)”).

cog

deutero- + benzene → deuterobenzene


deuter-

Alternative form of deutero- used before a vowel.


dis-

Borrowed from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.

shows separation, dissemination, e.g. semi (“sow”) > dissemi (“disseminate”) ; ŝiri (“tear”) > disŝiri (“tear to pieces”).


dis-

Borrowed from Latin dis-. Compare the inherited dé-.


dis-

Borrowed from Esperanto dis-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.


dis-

From Dutch dis-, from Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís.


dis-

From Latin dis-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwís. See also s-.

dis- + fare (“do”) → disfare (“undo”)

dis- + organizzare (“organize”) → disorganizzare (“disorganize”)


dis-

Borrowed from Latin dis-. Compare the inherited des-.


ecto-

From Ancient Greek ἐκτός (ektós, “outside”). Sense 2 ("ghost-related") is a reinterpretation of this prefix in the word ectoplasm (“paranormal substance believed to be involved in the materialization of the dead”), for the etymology of which see there.


ecto-

From Ancient Greek ἐκτός (ektós, “outside”).


eigen-

Borrowed from German eigen (“own”). Many of the compounds represent partial translations from German, e.g. eigenvalue from German Eigenwert. Doublet of own.

(linear algebra) Forms terms pertaining to or related to eigenvectors, eigenvalues; especially for naming mathematical objects which are not affected by a given linear transformation except for by scalar multiplication.


electro-

Borrowed from Latin electrum, from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, “amber”) (a natural resin, which — when rubbed — produces static electricity).


electro-

Pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1990 in Portugal) of eletro-. Still used in countries where the agreement hasn't come into effect; may occur as a sporadic misspelling.


em-

place of articulation
place of articulation

The form taken by en- before the labial consonants b and p, as it assimilates place of articulation.


em-

The first element of a few compound pronouns and adverbs. The compounds were formed by syntagmatic fusion, the role of the prefix is emphasis.


en-

From Middle English en- (“en-, in-”). Originally from Old French en- (also an-), from Latin in- (“in, into”); but also from an alteration of in-, from Middle English in-, from Old English in- (“in, into”), from Proto-Germanic *in (“in”). Both the Latin and the Germanic forms are from Proto-Indo-European *en (“in, into”). Intensive use of Old French en-, an- is due to confluence with Frankish *an- (intensive prefix), related to Old English on- (intensive prefix). More at in-, on-.

em-

before certain consonants, principally b or p

encrypt

neologism from κρυπτός (kruptós; ) or κρύπτω (krúptō, )

embrocate

from embrocatus, from ἐμβροχή (embrokhḗ, )

empiric

via empirique and empiricus from ἐμπειρικός (empeirikós; )

encaustic

probably neologism after καυστικός (kaustikós; )

energy

via énergie and energia from ἐνέργεια (enérgeia; )

embathe, enquire, enlist

Forms a transitive verb whose meaning is to make the attached adjective

embark, enplane, enthrone


en-

Inherited from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.


en-

Inherited from Old French en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.


en-

From Old Galician-Portuguese en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); compare en.


en-

en- + irar (“to go”) → enirar (“to go in; enter”)

en- + swichar (“to switch”) → enswichar (“to switch on”)


en-

From Old Spanish en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of in (“in, into”).


en-

English: en- (in-)

Borrowed from Old French en-, from Latin in-.


en-

From Old French en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.


en-

From Old Occitan en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.


en-

From Old Galician-Portuguese en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); compare em.


en-

Inherited from Old Spanish en-, from Latin in-, prefixation of Latin in (“in, into”); see en.


en-

en- + mawr (“big”) → enfawr (“huge”)

en- + pyd (“danger”) → enbyd (“dangerous, exceeding, pressing”)

affirmative prefix, emphasises prefixed word


epi-

From Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí, “on top of”).

epifascial is on the surface of a fascia, epilimnion is on the surface layer of a liquid body, epixylous is growing or living on the surface of wood

epimorphism is a morphism analogous to a surjective function epiplexis is a rhetorical device where a sequence of rhetorical questions is used to elicit an emotional response, episememe is the meaning expressed by a tagmeme

Mapping onto, passing along, resolving to.

epithermal is describing deposits of minerals formed from warm water at shallow depth, epicortex is a thin layer of polysaccharide on the surface of the cortex, epigeous is growing on, or close to, the ground


epi-

epi- + -graf → epigraf


equi-

From Latin aequi-, from aequus. See also equ-.


endo-

From Ancient Greek ἔνδον (éndon, “inner; internal”).


endo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἔνδον (éndon, “inner; internal”).


endo-

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἔνδον (éndon, “inner, internal”).


endo-

From Ancient Greek ἔνδον (éndon, “in, within”), from Proto-Hellenic *éndon, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dóm, from *h₁n̥dó (“into, inside”), from both *h₁én (“in”) and *do (and but; towards).

bor

endo-, end- (internal, within, inside, into)


endo-

endo- + -gamia → endogamia


ethno-

From Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos, “a company, later a people, nation”).

der

race; ethnicity (in the sense of classification of human beings).


ferro-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ferro-.wav

Coordinate term: ferri-

(chemistry) ferrous:
Iron (the metal).
Iron of oxidation number 2.


ferro-

ferro- + magnetyzm → ferromagnetyzm


ferro-

From ferrum (“iron”). The "railroad" sense comes from ferrocarril (“railroad”, literally “iron path”).

forms terms relating to railroads: ferro-


fluor-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of fluoro- used before a vowel.


for-

From Middle English for-, vor-, ver-, from Old English for-, fer-, fær-, fyr- (“far, away, completely”, prefix), from the merger of Proto-Germanic *fra- ("away, away from"; see fro, from) and Proto-Germanic *fur-, *far- (“through, completely, fully”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-, *per-, *pr-. Cognate with Scots for-, West Frisian fer-, for-, Dutch ver-, German ver-, Swedish för-, Danish for-, Norwegian for-, Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰- (fra-), Latin pro-. More at for.

forsing is to sing to exhaustion, forwander is to wander until weary, fortravel is to tire by travelling

(no longer productive) Exhausting: prefixed to verbs with the sense of wearing or exhausting one's self.

forbeat is to beat, fordread is to be in dread of, forlay is to lie in wait for


for-

desctree

Middle English: for-, far-, fer-, vor-, ver-
English: for-
Scots: for-

From Proto-West Germanic *fra-.
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian for-, Old Saxon far-, for-, Dutch ver-, Old High German fir-, far- (German ver-), and, outside Germanic, with Ancient Greek περί (perí), Latin per-, Old Church Slavonic пре- (pre-) (Russian пе́ре- (pére-)).

forblāwan

forbrecan

forstoppian

forworen

used to create intensified adjectives and verbs from other adjectives and verbs, with the sense of completely or fully; compare Modern English use of up


for-

From Proto-Celtic *uɸor-. Prefix form of for.


fore-

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

From Middle English fore-, from Old English fore-, from Proto-West Germanic *forē-, from Proto-Germanic *fura-, *furai- (“before, in front of, for”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“before, formerly; through, throughout”).
Akin to Old Saxon and Old High German fora-, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰- (faura-) (see 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰 (faura)), Dutch voor- (“fore-”).

inh

foreshadow is to occur beforehand, forewarn is to warn beforehand, forechosen is chosen beforehand

Before: the root is happening earlier in time.

foredawn is the time just before dawn, foreday is the morning or afternoon, foreyear is the earlier part of the year

Before with respect to time; earlier.
The early stage of the root time period

forebirth is that which precedes birth, foreking is a preceding king, forehammer is a large sledge which strikes right before a smaller one

Directly or immediately preceding in time.

foredune is a kind of dune ridge that runs parallel to the shore of a body of water, foreland is the zone adjacent to a mountain chain where material eroded from it is deposited, forby is near, beside, or close to

Before with respect to position: front, ahead, leading, anterior.


franco-

Franco- (relating to France, the ethnic French, the French language, or the Franks)


-gamy

Used to form nouns describing forms of marriage.

(biology) Used to form nouns describing forms of fertilization, pollination or reproduction.


-gamous

From Ancient Greek γάμος (gámos, “union, marriage”), equivalent to -gamy + -ous.

der

Having the specified form of reproduction, or reproductive organs.


-fold

From Middle English -fold, -fald, -fauld, from Old English -feald (“-fold”), from Proto-Germanic *-falþaz (“-fold”), from Proto-Indo-European *-poltos (“-fold”), from *pel- (“to fold”). Cognate with Dutch -voud, Swedish -faldig (“-fold”), Latin -plus, -plex, Ancient Greek -παλτος (-paltos), -πλος (-plos), -πλόος (-plóos). More at fold.

a threefold increase - un accroissement de trois fois

פִּי

as a separate word, before that of number

פְּעָמִים (pe'amím) (pl.) (as a separate word, after another numeral + the word of modified number)

a threefold increase - háromszoros növekedés

a threefold increase - un aumento di tre volte

a threefold increase - um aumento de três vezes

a threefold increase - un aumento de tres veces

to increase threefold - accroitre trois fois

-szörösére

-szoros/-szeres/-szörös combined with -an/-en or -a+-ra / -e+-re

to increase threefold - háromszorosára növekszik (or háromszorosan megnövekszik)

to increase threefold - aumentare tre volte

There has been a threefold increase in inflation ( = inflation is three times what it was before)

The cancer tissue in two of the ... specimens ... exhibited a dramatic 23-fold increase in the laminin-receptor-mRNA levels.

1991, Vittoria Cioce; Vince Castronovo; Barry M. Shmookler; et. al, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, "Increased Expression of the Laminin Receptor in Human Colon Cancer" [1]

"[Use] of a decimal without a zero to the left of the decimal (ie .5 instead of 0.5) has resulted in 10-fold error[.]

2011, Joel. E. Houghlum, Principles of Pharmacology for Athletic Trainers:

Ezekiel outlines the harlotry of Judah followed by a thirty-two-fold judgment.

2013, Jerome Strong, Spiritual Musings II: Sermons, Musings & Exegesis:

Inflation has increased threefold ( = inflation is three times what it was before)

A publication ... entitled "The Sixth Financial and Economical Annual of Japan" ... issued in 1906 ... says: ¶ "...[O]ur export trade had in ... thirty-two years increased thirty-four-fold with Asia, twenty-three-fold with America, and five-fold with Europe[.]

c. 1906, Silk Association of America, XXXV Annual Meeting of the Silk Association of America:

His potatoes yielded forty-onefold in 1816 and his barley thirty-twofold in 1818.

2011, James R. Gibson, Farming the Frontier:

In contrast, the number of Asian foreign born would increase twenty-two-fold to more than 11 million, and the number of Latin American foreign born would increase twenty-three-fold to 22 million.

2014, Thomas R. Oliver, Guide to U.S. Health and Health Care Policy:


-fold

English: -fold

Scots: -fauld, -faul, -fald

Inherited from Old English -feald, from Proto-West Germanic *-falþ, from Proto-Germanic *-falþaz.

Forms adjectives meaning "times" or "parts"; -fold.


-gate

→ Chinese: 門 /门 (mén) (semantic loan)

→ French: -gate

→ German: -gate

→ Korean: 게이트 (geiteu)

List of "-gate" scandals and controversies

Back-formation from Watergate, an American political scandal from 1972–1974 which led to resignation of president Richard Nixon. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the suffix first appeared in a 1973 article in the National Lampoon magazine which referenced a rumoured "Volgagate". The suffix was promoted by New York Times columnist William Safire, who coined several -gate words beginning in 1974.

Back in college, [Maddi] Filliater said she tweeted at a local sandwich shop about some alleged brown lettuce, and the business responded angrily: Why didn't she bring up the problem in person instead of attacking them on the Internet? Her friends refer to the incident as "LettuceGate."

2022 March 30, Tatum Hunter, “How to leave a bad online review without being a jerk”, in The Washington Post, Washington, D.C.: The Washington Post Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-03-30:

Combined with a relevant place, person, activity, etc. to form the names of scandals.


-gate

Borrowed from English -gate, from Watergate.

C’est un quasi «currygate» qu’a provoqué Kim en confessant son dégoût de la nourriture indienne.

Kim Kardashian triggered a virtual ‘currygate’ by confessing her dislike of Indian food.


gastro-

Coined based on Ancient Greek γαστήρ (gastḗr, “stomach”).

gastronomy


gastr-

gastrectomy

(prevocalic) Alternative form of gastro-.


-ee

From Middle English -ee, -ē, from Anglo-Norman and Old French -ee, French -é, -ée, endings forming past participle of verbs ending in -er. Doublet of -ate. More distantly related to inherited English -ed.

-të

forming words meaning a person to whom or a thing to which an action is done

-eur

forming words meaning a person who or a thing that does an action, especially where a passive sense of the verb is implied

examine + -ee → examinee

interview + -ee → interviewee

train + -ee → trainee

employ + -ee → employee

Added to transitive verbs to form words meaning a person or thing that is the object of that verb (i.e., to whom or to which an action is done).

absent + -ee → absentee

respond + -ee → respondee

stand + -ee → standee

post + -ee → postee

Less commonly added to intransitive verbs to form words meaning a person or thing that is the subject of that verb (that is, who or that does an action).

assign + -ee → assignee

legate + -ee → legatee

mortgage + -ee → mortgagee

(law) Used to form words meaning a person who is the other party to a contract or other transaction involving a person described by the corresponding word ending in -or.

laryngectomy + -ee → laryngectomee

(medicine) Used to form words meaning a person who has undergone a particular medical procedure.

barge + -ee → bargee

tender + -ee → tenderee

venereal + -ee → venerealee

Irregularly added to nouns to mean a person somehow associated with the object denoted by the noun.


-ee

From Old Irish -igidir (whence also Irish -igh and Scottish Gaelic -ich), originally a denominative verb formative, from Proto-Celtic *-sagyetor; compare Welsh -hau.


-ese

From Middle English -eys, from Old French -eis, from Latin -ēnsis and, less often, Late Latin -iscus. Generally used in place of more common equivalent suffixes such as -er and -an on the model of equivalent terms in Italian and Portuguese, particularly for Italian, Portuguese African, and East Asian places first widely discussed in Portuguese and Latin.

journal + -ese → journalese

legal + -ese → legalese

translation + -ese → translationese

Used to form nouns meaning the jargon or language used by a particular profession or being or in a particular context.

-i

forming nouns meaning the jargon used by a particular profession


-ese

de-noun

-ese m (weak, genitive -esen, plural -esen, feminine -esin)

-esen (genitive)
-esen (plural)
-esin (feminine)
-ese (nominative singular)
-esen (definite nominative plural)
-esen (genitive singular)
-esen (definite genitive plural)
-esen (dative singular)
-esen (dative definite plural)
-esen (accusative singular)
-esen (accusative definite plural)

Presumably from Italian -ese, Portuguese -ese and English -ese + -e.

Forms nouns indicating an inhabitant of a place.


-ese

Inherited from Latin -ēnsem (“originating in”), whence also Italian -ense.

Libano (“Lebanon”) + -ese → libanese (“Lebanese”)

Cina (“China”) + -ese → cinese (“Chinese”)

sinistra (“left”) + -ese → sinistrese (“left-wing political jargon”)

giornalista (“journalist”) + -ese → giornalistese (“journalese”)


-ess

From Middle English -esse, borrowed from Old French -esse, from Late Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa). Displaced Old English -en (feminine suffix of nouns).

noncog

actor + -ess → actress

chanter + -ess → chantress

duke + -ess → duchess (“female ruler of a duchy”)

god + -ess → goddess

lion + -ess → lioness

prince + -ess → princess (“daughter of monarch (holding this title in her own right, who would become a queen regnant); the female equivalent of a prince”)


-ette

Inherited from Middle English -ette, a borrowing from Old French -ette, from Latin -itta, the feminine form of Latin -ittus.

major + -ette → majorette

bachelor + -ette → bachelorette

smurf + -ette → Smurfette

Used to form nouns meaning or implying the female equivalent of.


-ed

kazhez (“female cat”) + -ed → kazhezed (“female cats”)


-ed

From French -ée, Italian -ata, Spanish -ada, ultimately from Latin -atus.

manuo (“hand”) + -ed → manuedo (“handful”)


ex-

unhyphened with primary or secondary stress

From Middle English, from words borrowed from Middle French; from Latin ex (“out of, from”), from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ-, *eǵs- (“out”), *eǵʰs. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex, “out of, from”), Transalpine Gaulish ex- (“out”), Old Irish ess- (“out”), Old Church Slavonic изъ (izŭ, “out”), Russian из (iz, “from, out of”).

excaudate, exstipulate


ex-

Borrowed from French ex-, from Latin ex-.


ex-

ex- + femme → ex-femme


ex-

ef- + flouren → efflouren


uber-

Borrowed from German über-. Doublet of over-.

And Gisele Bündchen was known as an uber-model, over and above super-models.

Uber-fans forget that even a sporting arena is a public place, not the living room; and that in public places certain rules of conduct apply.

(slang, augmentative) Super; really; mega-.


-io

-ujo for places named after their inhabitants: Anglujo

Svedio

lando is also sometimes used for places named after inhabitants: Svedlando

vulkanologio

scienco is used like a suffix with root words to form names of some sciences: vulkanoscienco

berilo (“beryl”) + -io → berilio (“beryllium”)

titano (“titan”) + -io → titanio (“titanium”)

Urano (“Uranus”) + -io → uranio (“uranium”)

chemical element
chemical element#English

-ium; used to form the names of chemical elements


-io

Borrowed from English -ia, French -ie, Italian -ia, Russian -ия (-ija), Spanish -ia, ultimately from Latin -ia, from Ancient Greek -ία (-ía).

duko (“duke; duchess”) + -io → dukio (“duchy”)

episkopo (“bishop”) + -io → episkopio (“bishopric, diocese, episcopate”)

paroko (“parish priest, rector”) + -io → parokio (“parish”)

rejo (“sovereign, ruler, king, queen, monarch”) + -io → rejio (“kingdom”)

suffix denoting the country, region, domain, territory or province dependent upon the authority of a person


-io

it-noun

-io m (noun-forming suffix, plural -i or -ii)

forms the name of chemical elements; -ium


-io

(archaic, Dantesque) used with a stem to form the third-person singular past historic of regular -ire verbs


-io

-iō (canonical feminine)
-iōnis (genitive)
-iō (nominative singular)
-iōnēs (nominative plural)
-iōnis (genitive singular)
-iōnum (genitive plural)
-iōnī (dative singular)
-iōnibus (dative plural)
-iōnem (accusative singular)
-iōnēs (accusative plural)
-iōne (ablative singular)
-iōnibus (ablative plural)
-iō (singular vocative)
-iōnēs (plural vocative)


-io

Spanish: -ío

From Latin -ium, from the adjectival suffix -ius.

sennor (“lord, master”) + -io → sennorio (“dominion, jurisdiction”)

(added to nouns) A suffix forming abstract nouns.


-io

es-noun

-io m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ios)

Borrowed from New Latin -ium, from Latin -um, based on Latin terms for metals, such as ferrum (“iron”).


-io

Variant of -o, initially after a stem that contained /j/ (for Brythonic /ɣ/ or from palatalization after a diphthong), later extended to other verbstems.

Forms verbnouns from verbs and other parts of speech.

-o

Forms verbnouns from verb stems ending in i̯


-ulum

-ulī (genitive)
-ulum (nominative singular)
-ula (nominative plural)
-ulī (genitive singular)
-ulōrum (genitive plural)
-ulō (dative singular)
-ulīs (dative plural)
-ulum (accusative singular)
-ula (accusative plural)
-ulō (ablative singular)
-ulīs (ablative plural)
-ulum (singular vocative)
-ula (plural vocative)

A phonologically conditioned alteration (allomorph) of Latin -culum, from Proto-Indo-European *-tlom, generated by a rule deleting the suffix-initial stop in positions after stops.

amicio + -ulum → amiculum

specio + -ulum → speculum < *spek-klo- < *spek-tlo-

cingo + -ulum → cingulum

Used to form a noun of instrument or means from a verb.


-or

head

-or m (feminine singular -ore, masculine plural -orë, feminine plural -ore)

-ore (feminine singular)
-orë (masculine plural)
-ore (feminine plural)

dasmë (“wedding”) + -or → dasmor (“wedding guest”)


-or

Attaches to an adjective denoting a physical property to form the associated abstract noun.


-or

-or (nominative singular)
-ory (nominative plural)
-a (genitive singular)
-orów (genitive plural)
-orowi (dative singular)
-orom (dative plural)
-or (accusative singular)
-ory (accusative plural)
-orem (instrumental singular)
-orami (instrumental plural)
-orze (locative singular)
-orach (locative plural)
-orze (singular vocative)
-ory (plural vocative)

język + -or → jęzor


-or

telyn (“harp”) + -or → telynor (“(male) harpist”)

llên (“literature”) + -or → llenor (“literary man, man o letters”)

carchar (“prison”) + -or → carcharor (“prisoner”)


-alis

-ālis (canonical)
-āle (neuter)
-ālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-āle (neuter nominative singular)
-ālēs (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-ālia (neuter nominative plural)
-ālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-ālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter)
-ālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter)
-ālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-āle (accusative neuter singular)
-ālēs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-ālīs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-ālia (accusative neuter plural)
-ālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-ālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
-ālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-āle (neuter singular vocative)
-ālēs (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-ālia (neuter plural vocative)

Aromanian: -alji, -alj

Catalan: -al, -alla

→ English: -al

French: -aille

desctree

French: -el
→ Danish: -el
→ Dutch: -eel
Afrikaans: -eel
→ Indonesian: -il
→ German: -ell
→ Norwegian Bokmål: -ell
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: -ell
→ Swedish: -ell
→ Turkish: -sel
→ Yiddish: ־על (-el)

→ French: -al

Norwegian Bokmål: -al

→ Turkish: -al

Friulian: -âl, -ae

Galician: -al

→ German: -al

→ Interlingua: -al

Italian: -aglia

Italian: -ale
→ Maltese: -ali

Occitan: -al, -alha

→ Polish: -alny (adapted)

Portuguese: -al, -alha

Romanian: -aie, -ai

Sicilian: -ali

Spanish: -al

Venetan: -al, -aja, -agia

→ Welsh: -ol

From Proto-Italic *-ālis, which also later dissimilated into an early version of -āris (e.g., mīlitāris). Perhaps connected to *h₂el- (“to grow”) (cf. the sense of indolēs, from this root).

etymon

-ālis

anima (“breath”) + -ālis → animālis (“animate, living”)

crūra (“legs”) + -ālis → crūrālis (“pertaining to the leg, crural”)

pedēs (“feet”) + -ālis → pedālis (“pertaining to the foot”)

duo (“two”) + -ālis → duālis (“dual”)

rēx (“king, ruler”) + -ālis → rēgālis (“regal, royal”)

nātūra (“nature”) + -ālis → nātūrālis (“natural”)

Suffixed to nouns or numerals creating adjectives of relationship.

aequus (“equal in a given quality; even, level”) + -ālis → aequālis (“equal in every respect, identical in value; uniform, unvarying”)

aeternus (“having finite but long duration as if pertaining to an aetas; lasting”) + -ālis → aeternālis (“having infinite duration; everlasting, infinite”)

līber (“free, independent, unrestricted; open, unbiased”) + -ālis → līberālis (“advocating and promoting personal freedom; bountiful, generous”)

socius (“associating, sharing, partaking”) + -ālis → sociālis (“companionable; allied, confederate”)

Suffixed to adjectives creating adjectives with an intensified meaning.


-udo

gl-adj

-udo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -uda, masculine plural -udos, feminine plural -udas)

-uda (feminine)
-udos (masculine plural)
-udas (feminine plural)

From Latin -ūtus. Compare Portuguese -udo, Spanish -udo, Italian -uto, and French -u.

cabeza (“head”) + -udo → cabezudo (“with big head; stubborn”)

guedella (“lock of hair”) + -udo → guedelludo (“long-haired”)

sorte (“luck”) + -udo → sortudo (“lucky”)

Forms adjectives and nouns from nouns for body parts to indicate that someone or something has a big example of or a large quantity of such parts.


-ulus

(taxonomy) used to form genus names, especially from other genus names, indicating smaller size


sesquipedal

Borrowed from Latin sesquipedalis; equivalent to sesqui- (“one and a half”) + pedal (“foot, of the foot”).

prefix

Measuring or containing a foot and a half.

sesquipedale

measuring or containing a foot and a half


perfervid

en-adj

perfervid (comparative more perfervid, superlative most perfervid)

more perfervid (comparative)
most perfervid (superlative)

/pəːˈfəːvɪd/

From Late Latin perfervidus, from Latin per- + fervidus. By surface analysis, per- + fervid; compare pellucid.

Manders — perfervid — 'hell'-ing excitedly (was there no one left on earth to convert but me?), quoting over a century from Marx and Nietzsche to Lenin, Lloyd George, and Eden, and on to Vessant and Mundaine and himself...

1939, Philip George Chadwick, The Death Guard, page 58:

In this case he saw himself sitting beside the breathing slender figure of Pia like someone in an old engraving – a beastly old Rembrandt exhaling the perfervid gloom of Protestantism and a diet of turnips.

1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur, Faber & Faber, published 1992, page 177:

Ah threw mahself down the porch steps and fell to mah knees in the middle of the yard, wringing mah hands and beating at the sky and wailing and reeling in the red dust and petitioning the almighty with perfervid prayer.

1989, Nick Cave, And the Ass Saw the Angel:

A clown, Grantley Dixon, a perfervid parrot, with his militant slogans and second-hand attitudes: like all coffee-house radicals a screaming snob at heart.

2002, Joseph O'Conner, Star of the Sea, Vintage, published 2003, page 6:

Extremely, excessively, or feverishly passionate; zealous.


-genus

-gena (feminine)
-genum (neuter)
-genus (masculine nominative singular)
-gena (feminine nominative singular)
-genum (neuter nominative singular)
-genī (masculine nominative singular)
-genae (feminine nominative plural)
-gena (neuter nominative plural)
-genī (genitive masculine singular)
-genae (feminine genitive singular)
-genī (genitive neuter singular)
-genōrum (genitive masculine singular)
-genārum (feminine genitive plural)
-genōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-genō (dative masculine singular)
-genae (dative feminine singular)
-genō (dative neuter singular)
-genīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
-genum (accusative masculine singular)
-genam (accusative feminine singular)
-genum (accusative neuter singular)
-genōs (accusative masculine singular)
-genās (accusative feminine plural)
-gena (accusative neuter plural)
-genō (ablative masculine singular)
-genā (ablative feminine singular)
-genō (ablative neuter singular)
-genīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
-gene (masculine singular vocative)
-gena (feminine singular vocative)
-genum (neuter singular vocative)
-genī (masculine singular vocative)
-genae (feminine plural vocative)
-gena (neuter plural vocative)

From gignō (“beget, give birth to”), uiltimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget or give birth to”). Cognate of Ancient Greek -γενής (-genḗs, “born in a certain place or condition”).


-cida

-cīda (canonical masculine)
-cīdae (genitive)
-cīda (nominative singular)
-cīdae (nominative plural)
-cīdae (genitive singular)
-cīdārum (genitive plural)
-cīdae (dative singular)
-cīdīs (dative plural)
-cīdam (accusative singular)
-cīdās (accusative plural)
-cīdā (ablative singular)
-cīdīs (ablative plural)
-cīda (singular vocative)
-cīdae (plural vocative)

English: -cide (merged with -cīdium)

French: -cide

Spanish: -cida

caedō (“to cut, hew, kill”) + -a (suffix forming masculine agent nouns)

af

Noun-forming suffix denoting “one who kills” or “one who cuts” from noun stems.


-cida

pt-noun

-cida m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -cidas)

Borrowed from Latin -cīda, from the base of caedō (“to cut, to strike, to kill”).

fungo (“fungus”) + -cida → fungicida (“fungicide”)


-head

From Middle English -hed, -hede, attested from the 12th century, continuing a hypothetical Old English *-hǣdu (“-hood”), from Proto-Germanic *haidį̄ (“state, condition”), related to Proto-Germanic *haiduz (“manner, character, quality, state”). Doublet of -hood, which see.

cog

Used to create nouns indicating a state; -hood.


obtund

en-verb

obtund (third-person singular simple present obtunds, present participle obtunding, simple past and past participle obtunded)

obtunds (present singular third-person)
obtunding (participle present)
obtunded (participle past)
obtunded (past)

Latin obtundere (“to dull", "deaden", "deafen”), from ob- (see ob-) + tundere. More at obtuse.

uder

[…] the use of alcoholic decoctions[…] which are given as medicines to allay pain, obtund nerve sensibility, to cure the little sufferer of his vital manifestations […]

1900, Martha M. Allen, Alcohol, a Dangerous and Unnecessary Medicine, page 319:

Small doses of opioids are also useful in obtunding airway reflexes […]

2008, Jerrold H. Levy, Kenichi A. Tanaka, Eric J. Okun, “Cardial Surgical Pharmacology”, in Cardiac Surgery in the Adult, →ISBN, page 103:

(transitive, chiefly medicine) To reduce the edge or effects of; to mitigate; to dull.


-osus

-ōsus (canonical)
-ōsa (feminine)
-ōsum (neuter)
-ōsus (masculine nominative singular)
-ōsa (feminine nominative singular)
-ōsum (neuter nominative singular)
-ōsī (masculine nominative singular)
-ōsae (feminine nominative plural)
-ōsa (neuter nominative plural)
-ōsī (genitive masculine singular)
-ōsae (feminine genitive singular)
-ōsī (genitive neuter singular)
-ōsōrum (genitive masculine singular)
-ōsārum (feminine genitive plural)
-ōsōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-ōsō (dative masculine singular)
-ōsae (dative feminine singular)
-ōsō (dative neuter singular)
-ōsīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
-ōsum (accusative masculine singular)
-ōsam (accusative feminine singular)
-ōsum (accusative neuter singular)
-ōsōs (accusative masculine singular)
-ōsās (accusative feminine plural)
-ōsa (accusative neuter plural)
-ōsō (ablative masculine singular)
-ōsā (ablative feminine singular)
-ōsō (ablative neuter singular)
-ōsīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
-ōse (masculine singular vocative)
-ōsa (feminine singular vocative)
-ōsum (neuter singular vocative)
-ōsī (masculine singular vocative)
-ōsae (feminine plural vocative)
-ōsa (neuter plural vocative)

Aromanian: -os, -osu

Asturian: -osu

Catalan: -ós

Franco-Provençal: -ox

desctree

Old French: -us, -eus, -eux, -os, -ous
Middle French: -eux, -eulx
French: -eux, -ueux
→ Danish: -øs
→ Dutch: -eus
→ German: -ös
→ Norwegian: -øs
→ Swedish: -ös
Norman: -eux
→ Middle English: -ous, -os, -ose, -ouse, -ows, -owse, -us, -ws
English: -ous

Friulian: -ôs

Italian: -oso

Occitan: -ós

Old Galician-Portuguese: -oso

Galician: -oso

Portuguese: -oso

Romanian: -os

Sardinian: -osu, -ossu

Sicilian: -usu

→ Maltese: -uż

Old Spanish: -oso

Spanish: -oso

Venetan: -oxo, -óxo

→ Proto-Brythonic: *-ʉs

Breton: -us

Cornish: -us

Middle Welsh: -us
Welsh: -us

→ French: -ose

→ English: -ose

→ German: -os

Likely reflects a derivation *-h₃d-s-o- from Proto-Indo-European *h₃édos ~ *h₃édesos (“smell”), whence odor. Originally meaning “smelling like”, as evidenced possibly by hircōsus (“smelling like a goat”) and vinōsus (“fond of wine, *reeking of wine?”), it would have later generalised into “full of”. Compare related Ancient Greek -ώδης (-ṓdēs, “smelling like; full of”) and Old Armenian -ոտ (-ot) which underwent the same semantic change.
Alternatively, a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *-wénts has also been proposed, through a form such as *-wont-to- by suffixiation of *-tós.

cog

nervus (“sinew, energy”) + -ōsus → nervōsus (“nervous”)

racēmus (“cluster, bunch”) + -ōsus → racēmōsus (“racemose”)

ventus (“wind”) + -ōsus → ventōsus (“windy”)

-ose, -ous; full of, overly, prone to. Used to form adjectives from nouns.

-ōnsus

found in formōnsus, possibly the result of hypercorrection


-aris

-āris (canonical)
-āre (neuter)
-āris (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-āre (neuter nominative singular)
-ārēs (feminine masculine nominative singular)
-āria (neuter nominative plural)
-āris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
-ārium (feminine genitive masculine neuter)
-ārī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-āribus (dative feminine masculine neuter)
-ārem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-āre (accusative neuter singular)
-ārēs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-ārīs (accusative feminine masculine singular)
-āria (accusative neuter plural)
-ārī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
-āribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
-āris (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-āre (neuter singular vocative)
-ārēs (feminine masculine singular vocative)
-āria (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: -ar

English: -ar, -ary

French: -aire

Galician: -ar

Italian: -are

Occitan: -ar

Portuguese: -ar

Spanish: -ar

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *-ālis
Latin -ālis
Latin -āris
Form of -ālis with dissimilation of -l- to -r- after roots containing an l.

etymon

-āris

Used to form an adjective, usually from a noun, indicating a relationship or a pertaining to.


y-

From Middle English y-, from Old English ġe- (perfective and associative prefix); see those entries for more. Cognate with German ge-, Yiddish גע־ (ge-).

inh

ybarred, yclept, yclad, ybaptized, yslain, yronne

(not productive, obsolete) Used with past participle conjugations to form past participles (this prefix does not occur independently and is no longer productive).


-ade

Borrowed from Spanish -ado, from the Latin -ata, (feminine form of -atum used to create adjectives, nouns, and sometimes verbs from words ending in -a).

Used to form nouns denoting action, or a person performing said action.

lemonade, limeade, orangeade

Indicating a drink made from a given fruit.

-άδα

indicates drinks made from a given fruit


-ade

it-noun

-ade f (noun-forming suffix, plural -adi)


conlang

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-conlang.wav

The noun is a blend of constructed + language, while the verb is derived from the noun. By surface analysis, con- (“constructed”) + lang (“language”).

surf

The Klingon language is a conlang created for use in the Star Trek franchise.

You might be familiar with more a priori conlangs than you think: The Klingon language from the television series "Star Trek," the Na'vi language from the movie "Avatar," and the Dothraki language from the television series "Game of Thrones" are all examples of a priori languages.

2012 October 31, Laura Wright, “UT Language Creation Society invites students to learn origins of newer languages”, in The Daily Texan, Austin, Tex.: Texas Student Media, University of Texas at Austin, published 8 April 2013, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-08-14:

constructed language
constructed language#English

(linguistics, colloquial) Alternative form of constructed language (“a human language consciously devised by an individual or a small group, as opposed to having naturally evolved as a natural language”)


-anus

-ānus (canonical)
-āna (feminine)
-ānum (neuter)
-ānus (masculine nominative singular)
-āna (feminine nominative singular)
-ānum (neuter nominative singular)
-ānī (masculine nominative singular)
-ānae (feminine nominative plural)
-āna (neuter nominative plural)
-ānī (genitive masculine singular)
-ānae (feminine genitive singular)
-ānī (genitive neuter singular)
-ānōrum (genitive masculine singular)
-ānārum (feminine genitive plural)
-ānōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-ānō (dative masculine singular)
-ānae (dative feminine singular)
-ānō (dative neuter singular)
-ānīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
-ānum (accusative masculine singular)
-ānam (accusative feminine singular)
-ānum (accusative neuter singular)
-ānōs (accusative masculine singular)
-ānās (accusative feminine plural)
-āna (accusative neuter plural)
-ānō (ablative masculine singular)
-ānā (ablative feminine singular)
-ānō (ablative neuter singular)
-ānīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
-āne (masculine singular vocative)
-āna (feminine singular vocative)
-ānum (neuter singular vocative)
-ānī (masculine singular vocative)
-ānae (feminine plural vocative)
-āna (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: -à, -ana

English: -an, -ian, -ane, -ana

Francoprovençal: -en, -èna

French: -en, -enne; -ien, -ienne; -ain, -aine

Galician: -án, -á; -ao, -á; -ano, -ana

German: -an

Italian: -ano, -ana

Portuguese: -ão, -ã

→ Portuguese: -ano, -ana

Romansch: -eun, -aun

Romanian: -ân, -ână; -an, -ană

Sicilian: -anu, -ana

Spanish: -ano, -ana

Venetan: -an, -ana

From some -ā- stem + -nus; later interpreted as one whole suffix and used freely.

Of or pertaining to; -ian; usually indicates a relationship of position, possession, or origin.


-a

Used to create genus names from proper nouns


-a

arjento (“silver”, noun) + -a → arjenta (“silver”, adjective)


-a

Used to derive feminine nouns from masculine nouns (like English -ess).


-a

and (attached only to čəd, čəxʷ, čəɬ & čələp)


-a

passive ending (used mainly for verbs with one or two vowels)


-a

Forms nouns denoting the action of the suffixed verb; -ing, -tion


-a

-yni (feminine)
-a (nominative singular)
-owie (nominative plural)
-y (derogatory nominative plural)
-y (genitive singular)
-ów (genitive plural)
-ie (dative singular)
-om (dative plural)
-ę (accusative singular)
-ów (accusative plural)
-ą (instrumental singular)
-ami (instrumental plural)
-ie (locative singular)
-ach (locative plural)
-o (singular vocative)
-y (plural vocative)


-a

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьja. Doublet of -ia.

forms collective nouns, causes palatalization


-a

Forming masculine nouns from verbs and nouns, having the sense of 'tool, object for a specific purpose'.


-a

bediz (“decoration”) + *-a → *bedze- (“to decorate, adorn”)


-a

-a (nominative singular)
-ajas (nominative plural)
-a (accusative indefinite singular)
-ajas (accusative indefinite plural)
-aäs (accusative definite singular)
-ajasäs (accusative definite plural)
-aän (instrumental singular)
-ajasän (instrumental plural)
-atäk (caritive singular)
-ajastäk (caritive plural)
-ala (consecutive singular)
-ajasla (consecutive plural)
-alän (genitive singular)
-ajaslän (genitive plural)
-aliś (ablative singular)
-ajasliś (ablative plural)
-ali (dative singular)
-ajasli (dative plural)
-ain (inessive singular)
-ajasin (inessive plural)
-aiś (elative singular)
-ajasiś (elative plural)
-aä (illative singular)
-ajasä (illative plural)
-aśań (egressive singular)
-ajasśań (egressive plural)
-alań (approximative singular)
-ajaslań (approximative plural)
-aäʒ́ (singular terminative)
-ajasäʒ́ (plural terminative)
-ati (singular translative)
-ajasti (plural translative)

Komi:

Komi-Permyak: -а (-a)

Komi-Zyrian: -а (-a)

Udmurt: -о (-o)

Used to form adjectives denoting an resemblance to the suffixed noun: -like, -y


-a

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ f. Compare Lithuanian -a, Latvian -a.

korìti (“to force humility, submission”) + *-a → *kara (“punishment”)

bornìti (“to defend”) + *-a → *bōrnà /*bornà (“defence; gate”)

trāvìti (“to use, to eat”) + *-a → *trāvà (“fodder; grass”)

forms abstract nouns (later often concreted) from verbs

Proto-Indo-European *weh₁ros (“true”) + *-a → *vě̀ra (“belief, faith”)

rȗdъ (“red, rufous, russet”) + *-a → *rudà (“ore”)

(rare) forms abstract nouns (later often concreted) from adjectives


-ka

ote (“gorse, furze”) + -ka → oteka (“looking for gorse”)

Used to form adverbs from nouns.
looking for


-ka

lékař + -ka → lékařka

appended to words to create a feminine version of a noun, especially a profession, origin, or proper name


-ka

From Proto-Finno-Ugric. Compare Finnish -kka.

cukor (“sugar”) + -ka → cukorka (“candy”)

asztal (“table”) + -ka → asztalka (“small table”)

jár (“to walk”) → járó (“walking”) → járóka (“playpen”)

(diminutive suffix) Added to a word to express smallness, youth, unimportance, or endearment. When added to present participles, it can also express the instrument or place of the action indicated in the base word.


-ka

bednorz + -ka → bednorka

jagôda + -ka → jagódka

forms feminine nouns, sometimes diminutive in nature


con-

Inherited from Middle English con-, from Latin con-, from cum (“with”).

並 /并-

add a notion similar to those conveyed by with, together, or joint

consequence as what comes from the sequence, convicine is a glycoside coming from vicine, connatal is an anomaly present at birth

Indicating a common origin:
From, coming from the root.

confraternization is mutual fraternization, confated is fated with something else, connascence is a relationship between two or more elements of software in which changing one necessitates changing the others in order to maintain overall correctness

Mutuality, indicating a reciprocal relationship or influence

concolorate is having a uniform colour


con-

English: con-

Scots: con-

Borrowed from Old French con- and Latin con-.


con-

Inherited from Latin con-, from cum (“with”).


-inus

-īnus (canonical)
-īna (feminine)
-īnum (neuter)
-īnus (masculine nominative singular)
-īna (feminine nominative singular)
-īnum (neuter nominative singular)
-īnī (masculine nominative singular)
-īnae (feminine nominative plural)
-īna (neuter nominative plural)
-īnī (genitive masculine singular)
-īnae (feminine genitive singular)
-īnī (genitive neuter singular)
-īnōrum (genitive masculine singular)
-īnārum (feminine genitive plural)
-īnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-īnō (dative masculine singular)
-īnae (dative feminine singular)
-īnō (dative neuter singular)
-īnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
-īnum (accusative masculine singular)
-īnam (accusative feminine singular)
-īnum (accusative neuter singular)
-īnōs (accusative masculine singular)
-īnās (accusative feminine plural)
-īna (accusative neuter plural)
-īnō (ablative masculine singular)
-īnā (ablative feminine singular)
-īnō (ablative neuter singular)
-īnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
-īne (masculine singular vocative)
-īna (feminine singular vocative)
-īnum (neuter singular vocative)
-īnī (masculine singular vocative)
-īnae (feminine plural vocative)
-īna (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: -í

French: -in

→ English: -ine

Italian: -ino

Old Galician-Portuguese: ĩo

Galician: -iño

Portuguese: -inho

Romanian: -in

Sicilian: -inu

Spanish: -ino

→ Galician: -ino

→ Portuguese: -ino

From Proto-Italic *-īnos, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. Cognate with Ancient Greek -ινος (-inos) and Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.

Of or pertaining to; -ine; Can indicate a relationship of position, possession, or origin.


pre-

From Middle English pre-, borrowed from Latin prae-, from the preposition prae (“before”).

d'avant

to form adjectives, for example a pre-1960 car - une voiture d'avant 1960;before a number

avant

to form adverbs, for example to go back pre-1960 - retourner avant 1960

Before; physically in front of; (anatomy) anterior.


pre-

Borrowed from English pre-, French pré-, Italian pre-, Spanish pre-, Russian пред- (pred-), пре- (pre-).


pre-

(Medieval Latin) Alternative form of prae-


pre-

Borrowed from Latin prae- (“before”), from the Latin preposition prae.


-ivus

-īvus (canonical)
-īva (feminine)
-īvum (neuter)
-īvus (masculine nominative singular)
-īva (feminine nominative singular)
-īvum (neuter nominative singular)
-īvī (masculine nominative singular)
-īvae (feminine nominative plural)
-īva (neuter nominative plural)
-īvī (genitive masculine singular)
-īvae (feminine genitive singular)
-īvī (genitive neuter singular)
-īvōrum (genitive masculine singular)
-īvārum (feminine genitive plural)
-īvōrum (genitive neuter plural)
-īvō (dative masculine singular)
-īvae (dative feminine singular)
-īvō (dative neuter singular)
-īvīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
-īvum (accusative masculine singular)
-īvam (accusative feminine singular)
-īvum (accusative neuter singular)
-īvōs (accusative masculine singular)
-īvās (accusative feminine plural)
-īva (accusative neuter plural)
-īvō (ablative masculine singular)
-īvā (ablative feminine singular)
-īvō (ablative neuter singular)
-īvīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
-īve (masculine singular vocative)
-īva (feminine singular vocative)
-īvum (neuter singular vocative)
-īvī (masculine singular vocative)
-īvae (feminine plural vocative)
-īva (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: -iu

Italian: -ivo, -io

desctree

Old French: -if
→ Middle English: -yf, -if, -yfe, -ife, -yve, -ive, -ef, -y, -i, -ye, -ie, -e
English: -ive, -iff, -y
Middle French: -if
French: -if
→ Dutch: -ief
Afrikaans: -ief
→ Indonesian: -if
→ German: -iv
→ Norwegian Bokmål: -iv
→ Turkish: -if

Portuguese: -io, → -ivo

Romanian: -iv, -iu

Sicilian: -ivu, -ìu

Spanish: -ivo

From the Proto-Indo-European *-iHwós, an extended form of *-wós. Cognate with Ancient Greek -εῖος (-eîos) (whence also some Latin forms in -ēus).

Added to the perfect passive participial stem of verbs, forming a deverbal adjective meaning “doing” or “related to doing”
agō → āctus → āctīvus
stō → status → statīvus

Less frequently, added to the root or present stem of a verb
cadō → cadīvus
noceō → nocīvus

Less frequently added to a noun stem
fēstum → fēstīvus
fūrtum → fūrtīvus


-ible

ca-adj

-ible m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -ibles)


-ible

Inherited from Old French -ible, from Latin -ibilis.


phobia

en-noun

phobia (plural phobias or phobiae or phobiæ)

phobias (plural)
phobiae (plural)
phobiæ (plural)

c 1790, from words ending in -phobia, from Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos, “fear”). Compare ism, from -ism, itis, from -itis, and ana, from -ana.

I know someone with a strange phobia of ladders.

It was when anthropophobia set in, when he was made uneasy by people who walked too close to him, that, sagely viewing his list and seeing how many phobias were now checked, he permitted himself to rest.

An irrational, abnormal, or obsessive fear (of something).


e-

(marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate an electrified or all-electric variant of the product, particularly cars.

(marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate a battery-powered or onboard electric power source variant.


e-

Alternative form of ex- (combining with b-, d-, g-, j-, l-, m-, n-, r-, and v-initial words).


e-

e- + papier → e-papier

e-, as relating to electronics or the internet


e-

From English e-, an abbreviation of electronic.

e- + llyfr (“book”) → e-lyfr (“e-book”)

e- + masnach (“trade, commerce”) → e-fasnach (“e-commerce”)

e- + post (“post, mail”) → e-bost (“email”)

e- + dysgu (“to learn”) → e-ddysgu (“e-learning”)


e-

e- + ne (“to eat”) → ene (“eater”)

Used to form agent nouns from verbs; -er


inter-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁én
Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér
Proto-Italic *ənter
Latin inter
Latin inter-bor.
English inter-
Borrowed from Latin inter- (“between, amid”), a form of prepositional inter (“between”).

bor+

interlocution is an intermediate decree before final decision, interact is intermediate time period, intercycle is the interval during which the operation of a punched card device was halted to allow time for processing of card contents

Intermediate between multiple of the type indicated by the root.

Interval: an event or time period which is intermediate between time periods of the type indicated by the root. Here the surrounding time periods are indicated by the prefix and not the intervening event.


inter-

Borrowed from Latin inter. Cognate with the non-borrowed form entre-.


inter-

From Dutch inter-, from Latin inter-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁entér (“between”). Doublet of antar-.


inter-

→ Catalan: inter-

→ Czech: inter-

→ Danish: inter-

→ Dutch: inter-

→ English: inter-

→ Finnish: inter-

→ French: inter-

→ Galician: inter-

→ German: inter-

→ Hungarian: inter-

→ Italian: inter-

→ Norman: întèr-

→ Norwegian: inter-

→ Polish: inter-

→ Portuguese: inter-

→ Russian: интер- (inter-)

→ Spanish: inter-

→ West Frisian: ynter-


inter-

inter- + wokaliczny → interwokaliczny


inter-

Learned borrowing from Latin inter-. Doublet of entre-.


inter-

Learned borrowing from Latin inter. Doublet of entre-.


intra-

intrabone is within a bone, intracardiac is inside the heart, intracolic is within the colon

Within a single entity indicated by the root word:

Inside or with, in terms of location or position.

intraoperational is during an operation, intradiurnal is during the hours of daylight, intradecadal is within a decade

intra-

prefix signifying inside, within, interior, during

intramarry is to marry a member of the same group, social stratum, or religion: the marriage is intra a social group rather than this being within a single marriage; intranet is a private computer network: i.e. a network that is intra; intrapreneur is a person employed to work independently within a company in order to introduce innovation and to revitalize and diversify its business: i.e. an entrepreneur that is intra; intraconnect is to connect with other cells that are connected together in a cluster,

Indicating that the root is internal in nature.

intramedian is located between the anterior and posterior media longitudinal veins on the wing, intragalactic is occurring between two or more points within a galaxy, intramolecular is between different parts of the same molecule

Spatially located in between two points within the region indicated by the root entity.

intramercurial is between the planet Mercury and the sun, intrapetiolar is situated between the petiole and the stem, intraaxillary Situated below the point where a leaf joins the stem.

Spatially located in between the root entity and a reference point.


intra-

intra- (prefix indicating inside, within, interior)


metro-

From metra, medical English, via New Latin, via Ancient Greek μήτρα (mḗtra), "uterus".


shade

en-noun

shade (countable and uncountable, plural shades)

From Middle English schade, from Old English sċeadu, sċadu (“shadow; shade”), from Proto-West Germanic *skadu, from Proto-Germanic *skadwaz (“shadow; shade”). More at shadow.

inh

(countable) A postage stamp showing an obvious difference in colour/color to the original printing and needing a separate catalogue/catalog entry.


apocalypse

From Middle English apocalips, from Latin apocalypsis, from Ancient Greek ἀποκάλυψις (apokálupsis, “revelation”), literally meaning "uncovering", from ἀπό (apó, “back, away from”) and καλύπτω (kalúptō, “I cover”). The sense evolution to "catastrophe, end of the world" stems from the depiction of such events in the biblical Book of Revelation, also called the Apocalypse of (i.e. Revelation to) John.

der

(Christianity) The unveiling of events prophesied in the Revelation; the second coming and the end of life on Earth; global destruction.


-ric

From Northern Middle English -rike (Southern -riche), from Old English -rīċe (“-ric”), from rīċe (“realm, domain, jurisdiction”), from Proto-Germanic *rīkiją (“realm, power”). Cognate with Dutch -rijk, German -reich.

bishopric

archbishopric

(no longer productive) A termination denoting jurisdiction, or a district over which government is exercised.


-ium

From Latin -um (neuter singular morphological suffix), based on Latin terms for metals such as ferrum (“iron”).

systematic element name
systematic element name#English

(chemistry) Used to form the temporary systematic element name of a metallic or nonmetallic element which is postulated to exist, or which has been newly synthesized and has not yet been assigned a permanent name.


blasto-

From Ancient Greek βλαστός (blastós, “a germ, bud, sprout, shoot”), from βλαστάνειν (blastánein, “to bud, sprout, grow, properly of plants, but also of animals”).

uder

blastophthoria


blasto-

blasto- + cysta → blastocysta


-n

From Middle High German -en, a merger of various infinitive forms in Old High German. Cognates include German -en, -n and Luxembourgish -en.


-n

-eapmi (with-odd-syllable-stems)
-n (nominative singular)
-mat (nominative plural)
-ma (accusative singular)
-miid (accusative plural)
-ma (genitive singular)
-miid (genitive plural)
-mii (illative singular)
-miidda (illative plural)
-mis (locative singular)
-miin (locative plural)
-miin (comitative singular)
-miiguin (comitative plural)
-min (essive)
-man (first-person possessive singular)
-meamẹ (dual first-person possessive)
-meamẹt (first-person plural possessive)
-mat (possessive second-person singular)
-meattẹ (dual possessive second-person)
-meattẹt (plural possessive second-person)
-mis (possessive singular third-person)
-measkkạ (dual possessive third-person)
-measẹt (plural possessive third-person)

From Proto-Samic *-mē, from Proto-Uralic *-ma. Cognate with Finnish -ma.


-ni

Marks a verb's habitual or customary present tense.


-ni

is-noun

-ni f (noun-forming suffix, genitive singular -ni, no plural)

-ni (genitive singular)
-ni (indefinite nominative singular)
-nin (definite nominative singular)
-ni (accusative indefinite singular)
-nina (accusative definite singular)
-ni (dative indefinite singular)
-ninni (dative definite singular)
-ni (genitive indefinite singular)
-ninnar (definite genitive singular)

ákveða (“to decide”) + -ni → ákveðni (“decisiveness”)

samkvæmur (“consistent”) + -ni → samkvæmni (“consistency”)


-ni

From Proto-Finnic *-ni, from Proto-Uralic *-ni. Cognates include Finnish -ni.

jalka (“leg”) → jalkani (“my leg, our legs”)

Used to mark the possession of the first person; my, our


-ni

Irish: -ne

Scottish Gaelic: -ne

From Proto-Celtic *snīs (“we”) (compare Welsh ni).

Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor

and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject

and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object


-ni

Inherited from Sanskrit -इनी (-inī). Cognate with Hindi -नी (-nī).

grast (“horse”) + -ni → grasni (“mare”)

thagar (“king”) + -ni → thagarni (“queen”)

A suffix used to make a female form, similar to -ette or -ess in English


-ni

kȕća + -ni → kȕćnī

added to nouns to form a relational adjective


-ni

glas (“blue, green”) + -ni → glesni (“blueness, chlorosis”)

llwyd (“grey”) + -ni → llwydni (“greyness, mould”)

moel (“bald”) + -ni → moelni (“baldness”)

rhwd (“rust”) + -ni → rhydni (“rustiness, rubigo”)


-an

cs-noun

-an m anim (noun-forming suffix, female equivalent -anka)

Inherited from Old Czech -ěnín, from Proto-Slavic *-janinъ.


-an

From Old Irish -án, from Primitive Irish -ᚐᚌᚅᚔ (-agni).


-an

Used to indicate someone who is or does something


-al

ca-adj

-al m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -als)

estructura (“structure”) + -al → estructural (“structural”)


-al

fr-adj

-al (feminine -ale, masculine plural -aux, feminine plural -ales)

-ale (feminine)
-aux (masculine plural)
-ales (feminine plural)

Norwegian Bokmål: -al

→ Turkish: -sal (learned)

Inherited from Middle French -al, from Old French -al, borrowed from Latin -ālis. Doublet of -el, which is inherited.

-al; appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form; often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also


-al

pertaining to, using; adjectival suffix appended to nouns


-al

-ālis (genitive)
-al (nominative singular)
-ālia (nominative plural)
-ālis (genitive singular)
-ālium (genitive plural)
-ālī (dative singular)
-ālibus (dative plural)
-al (accusative singular)
-ālia (accusative plural)
-ālī (ablative singular)
-ālibus (ablative plural)
-al (singular vocative)
-ālia (plural vocative)

From apocope of final e in -āle, neuter of -ālis.


-al

Borrowed from Dutch -aal and English -al.

konvensional


-al

English: -al

Scots: -al

Borrowed from Old French -al, -el and its source Latin -ālis.

(chiefly not productive) Forms adjectives from Latin and Romance vocabulary.


-al

-al (of or pertaining to; adjectival suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form)


-al

-al (nominative singular)
-ale (nominative plural)
-ala (genitive singular)
-ali (genitive plural)
-alowi (dative singular)
-alom (dative plural)
-ala (accusative singular)
-ali (accusative plural)
-alem (instrumental singular)
-alami (instrumental plural)
-alu (locative singular)
-alach (locative plural)
-alu (singular vocative)
-ale (plural vocative)
-al (nominative singular)
-ale (nominative plural)
-alu (genitive singular)
-ali (genitive plural)
-alowi (dative singular)
-alom (dative plural)
-al (accusative singular)
-ale (accusative plural)
-alem (instrumental singular)
-alami (instrumental plural)
-alu (locative singular)
-alach (locative plural)
-alu (singular vocative)
-ale (plural vocative)
-al (nominative singular)
-alowie (nominative plural)
-ala (genitive singular)
alów (genitive plural)
-alowi (dative singular)
-alom (dative plural)
-ala (accusative singular)
alów (accusative plural)
-alem (instrumental singular)
-alami (instrumental plural)
-alu (locative singular)
-alach (locative plural)
-alu (singular vocative)
-alowie (plural vocative)

nos + -al → nochal

forms masculine nouns, usually augmentative in nature


-al

ro-adj

-al m or n (feminine singular -ală, masculine plural -ali, feminine and neuter plural -ale)

-ală (feminine singular)
-ali (masculine plural)
-ale (feminine neuter plural)
-al (indefinite masculine neuter singular)
-ală (feminine indefinite singular)
-ali (indefinite masculine singular)
-ale (feminine indefinite neuter plural)
-alul (definite masculine neuter singular)
-ala (definite feminine singular)
-alii (definite masculine singular)
-alele (definite feminine neuter plural)
-ale (feminine indefinite singular)
-alului (definite masculine neuter singular)
-alei (definite feminine singular)
-alilor (definite masculine singular)
-alelor (definite feminine neuter plural)

Borrowed from Latin -alis. Compare French -al, Italian -ale.

săptămână (“week”) + -al → săptămânal (“weekly”)

-al; of or pertaining to, forms adjectives from nouns.


-al

-al, of or pertaining to; forming an adjective from a noun


-ar

From Middle English -ar, -are, variant of Middle English -ere, from Old English -ere. More at -er.

beggar, liar, pedlar


-ar

From Latin -ārius, -ārium. Compare Daco-Romanian -ar.

suffix used to denote a profession or craft


-ar

Borrowed from French -er, Italian -are, Spanish -ar, from Latin -āre.

io-bor

Me volas komprar ca objekto.

This ending denotes the present infinitive form of a verb.


-ar

-āris (genitive)
-ar (nominative singular)
-āria (nominative plural)
-āris (genitive singular)
-ārium (genitive plural)
-ārī (dative singular)
-āribus (dative plural)
-ar (accusative singular)
-āria (accusative plural)
-ārī (ablative singular)
-āribus (ablative plural)
-ar (singular vocative)
-āria (plural vocative)

From apocope of final e in -āre, neuter of -āris, dissimilated form (after a preceding l) of -ālis.


-ar

-ari (plural)
-ar (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
-arul (accusative definite nominative singular)
-ari (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
-arii (accusative definite nominative plural)
-ar (indefinite singular)
-arului (definite singular)
-ari (indefinite singular)
-arilor (definite plural)
-arule (singular vocative)
-arilor (vocative)

Etymology tree
Latin -ārius
Romanian -ar
Inherited from Latin -ārium, accusative of -ārius.

etymon

roată (“wheel”) + -ar → rotar (“wheeler”)

oală (“pot”) + -ar → olar (“potter”)

fier (“iron”) + -ar → fierar (“blacksmith”)

vacă (“cow”) + -ar → văcar (“cowherd”)

porc (“pig”) + -ar → porcar (“swineherd”)

Added to a word to denote a profession or craft; -er


-ar

Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, a person who does something, or an animal who does something.


-ar

Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun.


-ar

From Proto-Brythonic *-ar, from Proto-Celtic *-aros, from Proto-Indo-European *-Hrós. (See byddar (“deaf”).)

cynt (“before, earlier”) + -ar → cynnar (“early”)

diwedd (“end”) + -ar → diweddar (“late”)


-like

From Middle English -like, -lik, from Middle English like, lik (“same, similar, alike”), from Old English ġelīc and Old Norse líkr (“same, similar, alike”). Reinforced by like (preposition). Doublet of -ly. Compare also Dutch -lijk (“-ly, -like”).

كَـ

Even at 13 years old, she still had a childlike voice.

I saw the snake-like coils of the garden hose peeking out from under the deck.

1996, Kevin Siembieda, Palladium Fantasy Role-Playing Game page 128 under "Dark"
Damage: Those with normal, human-like vision are blind

What other television show would feature a gorgeously designed sequence where a horrifically mutated Pierre and Marie Curie, their bodies swollen to Godzilla-like proportions from prolonged exposure to the radiation that would eventually kill them, destroy an Asian city with their bare hands like vengeance-crazed monster-Gods?

2012 May 20, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Marge Gets A Job” (season 4, episode 7; originally aired 11/05/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:

Resembling, having some of the characteristics of (used to form adjectives from nouns).


-ary

Back-formation from unary and similar, from Middle English -arie, from Latin adjective suffixes -āris and -ārius; compare related -arian, and -adic. Doublet of -eer and -yer.

order, ordinary

Of or pertaining to; adjective suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also.


-oid

From Latin -oīdēs, from Ancient Greek -ο-ειδής (-o-eidḗs) (the ο being the last vowel of the stem to which the suffix is attached); from εἶδος (eîdos, “form, likeness”).

human + -oid → humanoid

sterol + -oid → steroid

Resembling; having the likeness of (usually including the concept of not being the same despite the likeness, but counterexamples exist).

-ass

resembling; restricted to casual registers

-like

resembling; forms adjectives from nouns only


-oid

Borrowed from Latin -oīdēs, from Ancient Greek -οειδής (-oeidḗs), from εἶδος (eîdos).


-oid

-oid (nominative singular)
-oidy (nominative plural)
-oidu (genitive singular)
-oidów (genitive plural)
-oidowi (dative singular)
-oidom (dative plural)
-oid (accusative singular)
-oidy (accusative plural)
-oidem (instrumental singular)
-oidami (instrumental plural)
-oidzie (locative singular)
-oidach (locative plural)
-oidzie (singular vocative)
-oidy (plural vocative)
-oid (nominative singular)
-oidy (nominative plural)
-oida (genitive singular)
-oidów (genitive plural)
-oidowi (dative singular)
-oidom (dative plural)
-oida (accusative singular)
-oidy (accusative plural)
-oidem (instrumental singular)
-oidami (instrumental plural)
-oidzie (locative singular)
-oidach (locative plural)
-oidzie (singular vocative)
-oidy (plural vocative)

Derived from Ancient Greek -ειδής (-eidḗs).

der+

bakteria + -oid → bakteroid


-id

From Old Irish -id, from Proto-Celtic *-īti from Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti.

slane (“whole, entire”) + -id → slanid (“entirety, totality”)


-id

-id (nominative singular)
-idy (nominative plural)
-idu (genitive singular)
-idów (genitive plural)
-idowi (dative singular)
-idom (dative plural)
-id (accusative singular)
-idy (accusative plural)
-idem (instrumental singular)
-idami (instrumental plural)
-idzie (locative singular)
-idach (locative plural)
-idzie (singular vocative)
-idy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos).

lbor

amoniak + -id → amid


-s

Possibly akin to Old Armenian -իչ (-ičʻ), both reconstructible to a tentative Proto-Indo-European *-ikʷyo-s, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (“to gather”), whence also Ancient Greek ποιέω (poiéō, “to do”), Sanskrit चिनोति (cinóti, “to arrange, pile up”).


-s

Inherited from Proto-Finnic *-ci, from Proto-Uralic *-ti. Cognates include Finnish -si.

jalka (“leg”) → jalkas (“your leg(s)”)

Used to mark the possession of the second person; thy, your


-s

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *si. Cognates include Polish -ś and Slovincian -sz.

chto (“who”) + -s → chtos (“someone”)

interrogative pronoun
interrogative pronoun#English

indefinite pronoun
indefinite pronoun#English

appended to relative/interrogative pronouns to form indefinite pronouns


-s

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-s. Cognate with Ancient Greek -ς (-s).

first
Appendix:Latin first declension#English

suffix marking the nominative singular form of non-neuter nouns and adjectives in declensions other than the first.


-s

bàth (“bath”) + -s → baths (“baths”)

tomato (“tomato”) + -s → tomatos (“tomatoes”)

gwdihŵ (“owl”) + -s → gwdihŵs (“owls”)


-in

head

-in f (plural -innen, diminutive -innetje)

Afrikaans: -in

From Middle Dutch -inne, from Old Dutch *-inna, from Proto-Germanic *-inī.

Forms nouns for the female counterpart of something.


-in

→ Esperanto: -ino

From Middle High German -inne, -in, from Old High German -inna, -in, from Proto-West Germanic *-ini, from Proto-Germanic *-inī.

Schwarz (proper noun) → Schwarzin (a female person with the name Schwarz, that is the wife or daughter of someone named Schwarz')

Schwartzin, (Sibylle) […] war eine Tochter Christian Schwartzens, […] gebohren 1621 […] und starb 1638 den 13 Jul.

1743, Grosses vollständiges Universal Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Künste, Welche bishero durch menschlichen Verstand und Witz erfunden und verbessert worden […] Fünf und Dreyßigster Band Schle-Schwa, Leipzig & Hallle, page 2007:

Schwartz (Sibylle [given name]) […] was a daughter of Christian Schwartz, […] born in 1621 […] and died on 13th July 1638.

creates the female form for many nouns for living beings; umlaut usually occurs in monosyllables, but rarely in polysyllables

(dated) creates female personal names (for wives and daughters)


-in

From Proto-Finnic *-in. Cognates include Finnish -in and Estonian -i.

avata (“to open”) + -in → avain (“key”)

Forms inanimate instrumental nouns from verbs.


-in

From Middle High German -inne, -in, -īn. Compare German -in.

used to form the female versions of agent nouns


-in

Dutch: -en

From Old Dutch *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.

-en; creates adjectives for the material of which something is made.


-in

Polish: -iny, -in


-in

Adjective in -ī/-inī/-i, meaning possessing what is denoted by the base.


-na

prodej + -na → prodejna

from nouns forms nouns referring to places


-na

-na (front vowel harmony variant -nä, linguistic notation -nA)

From Proto-Finnic *-na, from the Proto-Uralic locative case ending *-na.

eräänä kauniina aamuna

Ennen pidit minua kauniina.


-na

ʻai → ʻaina

piʻi → piʻina

Common nominalizing suffix, sometimes with shortening of a long vowel in the base.


-na

-na (nominative singular)
-nat (nominative plural)
-nan (genitive singular)
-nniin (genitive plural)
-nnaa (partitive singular)
-nnia (partitive plural)
-nnaa (illative singular)
-nnii (illative plural)
-nas (inessive singular)
-nis (inessive plural)
-nast (elative singular)
-nist (elative plural)
-nalle (allative singular)
-nille (allative plural)
-nal (adessive singular)
-nil (adessive plural)
-nalt (ablative singular)
-nilt (ablative plural)
-naks (singular translative)
-niks (plural translative)
-nanna (essive singular)
-nnaan (essive singular)
-ninna (essive plural)
-nniin (essive plural)
-nant (exessive singular)
-nint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *-na. Cognates include Finnish -na.


-na

llamk'ay (“to work”) + -na → llamk'ana (“work to be done; tool”)

mikhuy (“to eat”) + -na → mikhuna (“food, meal”)


-na

From the plural of Old Norse hinn (demonstrative pronoun), suffixed to the end of the noun stem. Usually corresponds to Danish, Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk -ne.

stolar (“chairs”) + -na → stolarna (“the chairs”)

lärare (“teachers”) + -na → lärarna (“the teachers”)

Marker of definiteness on nouns in the plural (except for nouns of the fourth and some of the fifth declension).

-en

used for fifth-declension nouns not ending in -are


-na

Bats: -ნ (-n)

Vainakh:

Chechen: -на (-na)

Ingush: -а̄ (-aa)


-na

Finnish: -na


-nä

-nä (nominative singular)
-nät (nominative plural)
-nän (genitive singular)
-nniin (genitive plural)
-nnää (partitive singular)
-nniä (partitive plural)
-nnää (illative singular)
-nnii (illative plural)
-näs (inessive singular)
-nis (inessive plural)
-näst (elative singular)
-nist (elative plural)
-nälle (allative singular)
-nille (allative plural)
-näl (adessive singular)
-nil (adessive plural)
-nält (ablative singular)
-nilt (ablative plural)
-näks (singular translative)
-niks (plural translative)
-nännä (essive singular)
-nnään (essive singular)
-ninnä (essive plural)
-nniin (essive plural)
-nänt (exessive singular)
-nint (exessive plural)


-iö

-iö (nominative singular)
-iöt (nominative plural)
-iö (accusative nominative singular)
-iöt (accusative nominative plural)
-iön (accusative genitive singular)
-iöt (accusative genitive plural)
-iön (genitive singular)
-iöiden (genitive plural)
-iöitten (genitive plural)
-iötä (partitive singular)
-iöitä (partitive plural)
-iössä (inessive singular)
-iöissä (inessive plural)
-iöstä (elative singular)
-iöistä (elative plural)
-iöön (illative singular)
-iöihin (illative plural)
-iöllä (adessive singular)
-iöillä (adessive plural)
-iöltä (ablative singular)
-iöiltä (ablative plural)
-iölle (allative singular)
-iöille (allative plural)
-iönä (essive singular)
-iöinä (essive plural)
-iöksi (singular translative)
-iöiksi (plural translative)
-iöttä (abessive singular)
-iöittä (abessive plural)
-iöin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-iöni (nominative singular)
-iöni (nominative plural)
-iöni (accusative nominative singular)
-iöni (accusative nominative plural)
-iöni (accusative genitive singular)
-iöni (accusative genitive plural)
-iöni (genitive singular)
-iöideni (genitive plural)
-iöitteni (genitive plural)
-iötäni (partitive singular)
-iöitäni (partitive plural)
-iössäni (inessive singular)
-iöissäni (inessive plural)
-iöstäni (elative singular)
-iöistäni (elative plural)
-iööni (illative singular)
-iöihini (illative plural)
-iölläni (adessive singular)
-iöilläni (adessive plural)
-iöltäni (ablative singular)
-iöiltäni (ablative plural)
-iölleni (allative singular)
-iöilleni (allative plural)
-iönäni (essive singular)
-iöinäni (essive plural)
-iökseni (singular translative)
-iöikseni (plural translative)
-iöttäni (abessive singular)
-iöittäni (abessive plural)
-iöineni (comitative plural)
-iösi (nominative singular)
-iösi (nominative plural)
-iösi (accusative nominative singular)
-iösi (accusative nominative plural)
-iösi (accusative genitive singular)
-iösi (accusative genitive plural)
-iösi (genitive singular)
-iöidesi (genitive plural)
-iöittesi (genitive plural)
-iötäsi (partitive singular)
-iöitäsi (partitive plural)
-iössäsi (inessive singular)
-iöissäsi (inessive plural)
-iöstäsi (elative singular)
-iöistäsi (elative plural)
-iöösi (illative singular)
-iöihisi (illative plural)
-iölläsi (adessive singular)
-iöilläsi (adessive plural)
-iöltäsi (ablative singular)
-iöiltäsi (ablative plural)
-iöllesi (allative singular)
-iöillesi (allative plural)
-iönäsi (essive singular)
-iöinäsi (essive plural)
-iöksesi (singular translative)
-iöiksesi (plural translative)
-iöttäsi (abessive singular)
-iöittäsi (abessive plural)
-iöinesi (comitative plural)
-iömme (nominative singular)
-iömme (nominative plural)
-iömme (accusative nominative singular)
-iömme (accusative nominative plural)
-iömme (accusative genitive singular)
-iömme (accusative genitive plural)
-iömme (genitive singular)
-iöidemme (genitive plural)
-iöittemme (genitive plural)
-iötämme (partitive singular)
-iöitämme (partitive plural)
-iössämme (inessive singular)
-iöissämme (inessive plural)
-iöstämme (elative singular)
-iöistämme (elative plural)
-iöömme (illative singular)
-iöihimme (illative plural)
-iöllämme (adessive singular)
-iöillämme (adessive plural)
-iöltämme (ablative singular)
-iöiltämme (ablative plural)
-iöllemme (allative singular)
-iöillemme (allative plural)
-iönämme (essive singular)
-iöinämme (essive plural)
-iöksemme (singular translative)
-iöiksemme (plural translative)
-iöttämme (abessive singular)
-iöittämme (abessive plural)
-iöinemme (comitative plural)
-iönne (nominative singular)
-iönne (nominative plural)
-iönne (accusative nominative singular)
-iönne (accusative nominative plural)
-iönne (accusative genitive singular)
-iönne (accusative genitive plural)
-iönne (genitive singular)
-iöidenne (genitive plural)
-iöittenne (genitive plural)
-iötänne (partitive singular)
-iöitänne (partitive plural)
-iössänne (inessive singular)
-iöissänne (inessive plural)
-iöstänne (elative singular)
-iöistänne (elative plural)
-iöönne (illative singular)
-iöihinne (illative plural)
-iöllänne (adessive singular)
-iöillänne (adessive plural)
-iöltänne (ablative singular)
-iöiltänne (ablative plural)
-iöllenne (allative singular)
-iöillenne (allative plural)
-iönänne (essive singular)
-iöinänne (essive plural)
-iöksenne (singular translative)
-iöiksenne (plural translative)
-iöttänne (abessive singular)
-iöittänne (abessive plural)
-iöinenne (comitative plural)
-iönsä (nominative singular)
-iönsä (nominative plural)
-iönsä (accusative nominative singular)
-iönsä (accusative nominative plural)
-iönsä (accusative genitive singular)
-iönsä (accusative genitive plural)
-iönsä (genitive singular)
-iöidensä (genitive plural)
-iöittensä (genitive plural)
-iötään (partitive singular)
-iötänsä (partitive singular)
-iöitään (partitive plural)
-iöitänsä (partitive plural)
-iössään (inessive singular)
-iössänsä (inessive singular)
-iöissään (inessive plural)
-iöissänsä (inessive plural)
-iöstään (elative singular)
-iöstänsä (elative singular)
-iöistään (elative plural)
-iöistänsä (elative plural)
-iöönsä (illative singular)
-iöihinsä (illative plural)
-iöllään (adessive singular)
-iöllänsä (adessive singular)
-iöillään (adessive plural)
-iöillänsä (adessive plural)
-iöltään (ablative singular)
-iöltänsä (ablative singular)
-iöiltään (ablative plural)
-iöiltänsä (ablative plural)
-iölleen (allative singular)
-iöllensä (allative singular)
-iöilleen (allative plural)
-iöillensä (allative plural)
-iönään (essive singular)
-iönänsä (essive singular)
-iöinään (essive plural)
-iöinänsä (essive plural)
-iökseen (singular translative)
-iöksensä (singular translative)
-iöikseen (plural translative)
-iöiksensä (plural translative)
-iöttään (abessive singular)
-iöttänsä (abessive singular)
-iöittään (abessive plural)
-iöittänsä (abessive plural)
-iöineen (comitative plural)
-iöinensä (comitative plural)


-u

From Proto-Uralic *-w (as applied to stems ending in -e). Cognate with Finnish -u.

jagama "to divide" → jagu "a part, a share"

kaduma "to disappear" → kadu "loss, losing"

sise- "inside" → sisu "content"

pesema "to wash" → pesu "wash, washing"


-u

barbe (“beard”) + -u → barbu (“bearded”)

ventre (“belly”) + -u → ventru (“pot-bellied, rounded”)

Forming adjectives having the sense of ‘having quality of, being provided with’ (the root word).


-u

apa (“father”) → apu (“dad”)

(diminutive suffix) Added to a noun or a proper noun to form a diminutive.


-u

Common vowel found in pronouns in Romance languages: French tu, Italian tu and Spanish tú, also in French vous and as an o in Italian voi and Spanish vos, etc. (Compare tu and vu)

omna (“all, every”) + -u → omnu (“everyone”)

suffix used to form pronouns indicating a person


-u

-u (nominative singular)
-ut (nominative plural)
-un (genitive singular)
-uin (genitive plural)
-uloin (genitive plural)
-ua (partitive singular)
-uja (partitive plural)
-uloja (partitive plural)
-uu (illative singular)
-ui (illative plural)
-uloihe (illative plural)
-us (inessive singular)
-uis (inessive plural)
-ulois (inessive plural)
-ust (elative singular)
-uist (elative plural)
-uloist (elative plural)
-ulle (allative singular)
-uille (allative plural)
-uloille (allative plural)
-ul (adessive singular)
-uil (adessive plural)
-uloil (adessive plural)
-ult (ablative singular)
-uilt (ablative plural)
-uloilt (ablative plural)
-uks (singular translative)
-uiks (plural translative)
-uloiks (plural translative)
-unna (essive singular)
-uun (essive singular)
-uinna (essive plural)
-uloinna (essive plural)
-uin (essive plural)
-uloin (essive plural)
-unt (exessive singular)
-uint (exessive plural)
-uloint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *-u. Cognates include Finnish -u and Estonian -u.


-u

-u (nominative singular)
-u (nominative plural)
-e (nominative plural)
-u (accusative singular)
-e (accusative singular)
-u (accusative plural)
-e (accusative plural)
-u (genitive singular)
-e (genitive singular)
-a (genitive plural)
-u (dative singular)
-e (dative singular)
-um (dative plural)

From suppletive fusion of ō-stem feminine singular nominative ending -u and Proto-Germanic *-į̄ (“feminine abstract ending”). Akin to Gothic feminine abstracts in -𐌴𐌹 (-ei) (compare 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹 (mikilei, “greatness”); 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌴𐌹 (diupei, “depth”)).

inh

eald (“old”) + -u → ieldu (“age”)

hāliġ (“holy, sacred; pious”) + -u → hāliġu (“holiness”)

hāl (“sound, healthy, intact”) + -u → hǣlu (“wholeness, health”)

hāt (“hot”) + -u → hǣtu (“heat, warmth”)

mennisċ (“human, natural, humane”) + -u → mennisċu (“humanity”)

miċel (“big, large; great”) + -u → miċelu (“greatness, size”)

ending used to form abstract nouns from adjectives (compare Modern English -ness), normally causing i-mutation, and remaining even when preceded by a long syllable


-u

From Middle Welsh -u, from Proto-Brythonic *-oβ̃.


-u

-u (nominative singular)
-ō (nominative plural)
-ā (accusative singular)
-ā (accusative plural)
-ā (genitive singular)
-ō (genitive plural)
-ē (dative singular)
-ōm (dative plural)
-um (dative plural)
-u (instrumental singular)
-ōm (instrumental plural)
-um (instrumental plural)

From Proto-Germanic *-ō, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂.

Forms nouns from verbs denoting the performance or result of that verb.


-u

-u / *-ü (canonical)
-u (nominative singular)
-ut (nominative plural)
-un (accusative singular)
-ut (accusative plural)
-un (genitive singular)
-udën (genitive plural)
-uidën (genitive plural)
-uda (partitive singular)
-uida (partitive plural)
-ussa (inessive singular)
-uhna (inessive singular)
-uissa (inessive plural)
-uihna (inessive plural)
-usta (elative singular)
-uista (elative plural)
-uhën (illative singular)
-uihën (illative plural)
-ulla (adessive singular)
-uilla (adessive plural)
-ulta (ablative singular)
-uilta (ablative plural)
-ulën (allative singular)
-ulëk (allative singular)
-uilën (allative plural)
-uilëk (allative plural)
-una (essive singular)
-uina (essive plural)
-uksi (singular translative)
-uiksi (plural translative)
-un (instructive singular)
-uin (instructive plural)
-unëk (comitative singular)
-uinëk (comitative plural)
-utta (abessive singular)
-uitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: -u

Finnish: -u

Ingrian: -u

From Proto-Uralic *-w. Originally *-o was the result when the Proto-Uralic suffix was added to a-stems, like *-u was the result when added to stems with other vowels.

karhëda (“coarse”) + *-u → *karhu (“bear (originally euphemistic)”)

mäntä (“mixing utensil made of the top of a young pine")”) + *-u → *mäntü (“pine tree”)

itkedäk (“to cry, weep”) + *-u → *itku (“cry, weeping”)

Forms nouns from adjectives, nouns, and verbs, most commonly from e-stems.


-ko

-a (absolutive indefinite singular)
-ak (absolutive indefinite plural)
-ok (absolutive plural proximal)
-(e)k (ergative indefinite)
-ak (ergative indefinite singular)
-ek (ergative indefinite plural)
-ok (ergative plural proximal)
-(r)i (dative indefinite)
-ari (dative indefinite singular)
-ei (dative indefinite plural)
-oi (dative plural proximal)
-(r)en (genitive indefinite)
-aren (genitive indefinite singular)
-en (genitive indefinite plural)
-on (genitive plural proximal)
-(r)ekin (comitative indefinite)
-arekin (comitative indefinite singular)
-ekin (comitative indefinite plural)
-okin (comitative plural proximal)
-(r)engatik (causative indefinite)
-arengatik (causative indefinite singular)
-engatik (causative indefinite plural)
-ongatik (causative plural proximal)
-(r)entzat (benefactive indefinite)
-arentzat (benefactive indefinite singular)
-entzat (benefactive indefinite plural)
-ontzat (benefactive plural proximal)
-(e)z (indefinite instrumental)
-az (indefinite instrumental singular)
-ez (indefinite instrumental plural)
-oz (instrumental plural proximal)
-(r)engan (animate indefinite inessive)
-arengan (animate indefinite inessive singular)
-engan (animate indefinite inessive plural)
-ongan (animate inessive plural proximal)
-(e)tan (inanimate indefinite inessive)
-an (inanimate indefinite inessive singular)
-etan (inanimate indefinite inessive plural)
-otan (inanimate inessive plural proximal)
-(e)tako (inanimate indefinite locative)
-(e)ko (inanimate indefinite locative singular)
-etako (inanimate indefinite locative plural)
-otako (inanimate locative plural proximal)
-(r)engana (allative animate indefinite)
-arengana (allative animate indefinite singular)
-engana (allative animate indefinite plural)
-ongana (allative animate plural proximal)
-(e)tara (allative inanimate indefinite)
-(e)ra (allative inanimate indefinite singular)
-etara (allative inanimate indefinite plural)
-otara (allative inanimate plural proximal)
-(r)enganaino (animate indefinite terminative)
-arenganaino (animate indefinite singular terminative)
-enganaino (animate indefinite plural terminative)
-onganaino (animate plural proximal terminative)
-(e)taraino (inanimate indefinite terminative)
-(e)raino (inanimate indefinite singular terminative)
-etaraino (inanimate indefinite plural terminative)
-otaraino (inanimate plural proximal terminative)
-(r)enganantz (animate directive indefinite)
-arenganantz (animate directive indefinite singular)
-enganantz (animate directive indefinite plural)
-onganantz (animate directive plural proximal)
-(e)tarantz (directive inanimate indefinite)
-(e)rantz (directive inanimate indefinite singular)
-etarantz (directive inanimate indefinite plural)
-otarantz (directive inanimate plural proximal)
-(r)enganako (animate destinative indefinite)
-arenganako (animate destinative indefinite singular)
-enganako (animate destinative indefinite plural)
-onganako (animate destinative plural proximal)
-(e)tarako (destinative inanimate indefinite)
-(e)rako (destinative inanimate indefinite singular)
-etarako (destinative inanimate indefinite plural)
-otarako (destinative inanimate plural proximal)
-(r)engandik (ablative animate indefinite)
-arengandik (ablative animate indefinite singular)
-engandik (ablative animate indefinite plural)
-ongandik (ablative animate plural proximal)
-(e)tatik (ablative inanimate indefinite)
-(e)tik (ablative inanimate indefinite singular)
-etik (ablative inanimate indefinite plural)
-otik (ablative inanimate plural proximal)
-(r)ik (indefinite partitive)
-tzat (indefinite prolative)

egin (“to do”) + -ko → egingo (“will do”)


-ko

ef + -ko → efko

oko + -ko → očko

zrno + -ko → zrnko


-ko

added to neuter nouns to form a diminutive


-ko

Polish: -ko

Silesian: -ko

diminutive suffix for neuter nouns; may cause various vowel shifts


-ko

-ko (nominative singular)
-ka (nominative plural)
-ka (genitive singular)
-k (genitive plural)
-ek (genitive plural)
-ku (dative singular)
-kom (dative plural)
-ko (accusative singular)
-ka (accusative plural)
-kiem (instrumental singular)
-kami (instrumental plural)
-ku (locative singular)
-kach (locative plural)
-ko (singular vocative)
-ka (plural vocative)

słowo + -ko → słówko

diminutive suffix for neuter nouns. May cause various vowel shifts


-ko

-ko (nominative singular)
-ká (nominative plural)
-ka (nominative plural)
-ka (genitive singular)
-iek (genitive plural)
-ok (genitive plural)
-ku (dative singular)
-kám (dative plural)
-kam (dative plural)
-ko (accusative singular)
-ká (accusative plural)
-ka (accusative plural)
-ku (locative singular)
-kách (locative plural)
-kach (locative plural)
-kom (instrumental singular)
-kami (instrumental plural)


stepcousin

child of someone's stepaunt or stepuncle


millimicro-

(obsolete) nano- (in the names of SI units)


micromicro-

(obsolete) Pico- (in the names of SI units)


were-

Back-formation from werewolf (“man-wolf”), from Old English werewulf, derived from wer (“man”) + wulf (“wolf”).

back-form

lycanthrope, used with animal names to indicate a person who changes shape into that animal.


-ta

tud (“to know”) → tudta (“his/her knowledge [of something]”)

(noun-forming suffix) Forms nouns from certain verbs (cf. -ás), incorporating the third-person singular possessive suffix (-a), which can be replaced by other personal possessive suffixes.


-ta

'S leònta mo làmh.


-ta

Forms intransitive verbs with patient-like arguments from nouns.


-kin

From Middle English -kin, -ken (also as -ke, -k), perhaps from Old English -ca, -ce, but more likely from Middle Dutch -ken (compare cognate Middle English -chen, -chin, from Old English -ċen), apparently representing Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn, *-ukīn, a double diminutive, from *-ik, *-uk (> Old English -oc) + *-īn (compare Old English -en). Cognate with Dutch -ken, Low German -ken, German -chen, Old English -ċen. More at -ock, -en.

(now archaic) Forming diminutives of nouns.


-da

-da (nominative singular)
-dák (nominative plural)
-dát (accusative singular)
-dákat (accusative plural)
-dának (dative singular)
-dáknak (dative plural)
-dával (instrumental singular)
-dákkal (instrumental plural)
-dáért (causal-final singular)
-dákért (causal-final plural)
-dává (singular translative)
-dákká (plural translative)
-dáig (singular terminative)
-dákig (plural terminative)
-daként (essive-formal singular)
-dákként (essive-formal plural)
-dául (essive-modal singular)
-dákul (essive-modal plural)
-dában (inessive singular)
-dákban (inessive plural)
-dán (singular superessive)
-dákon (plural superessive)
-dánál (adessive singular)
-dáknál (adessive plural)
-dába (illative singular)
-dákba (illative plural)
-dára (singular sublative)
-dákra (plural sublative)
-dához (allative singular)
-dákhoz (allative plural)
-dából (elative singular)
-dákból (elative plural)
-dáról (delative singular)
-dákról (delative plural)
-dától (ablative singular)
-dáktól (ablative plural)
-dáé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-dáké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-dáéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
-dákéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
-dám (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
-dáim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
-dád (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
-dáid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
-dája (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
-dái (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
-dánk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
-dáink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
-dátok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
-dáitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
-dájuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
-dáik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

zár (“to close, shut”) + -da → zárda (“cloister”)

(noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun indicating the place of the action.


-da

Classifier for long and straight objects.