人

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (人):
* → Japanese: 人(にん) (nin); 人(じん) (jin)
* → Korean: 인(人) (in)
* → Vietnamese: nhân (人)

Austroasiatic languages
Shang dynasty
Yueshi culture

Characters in the same phonetic series (人) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – side view of a standing man, highlighting an arm and a leg. Compare 大, 立 (lì), 卩, 夭, and 氏 according to one interpretation. See also the original version of 年.
亼 is similar but unrelated; it represents an open mouth flipped upside down and appears on top of characters such as 食, 金, 令, 龠, and 今.
It represents a roof in the characters 余, 茶, 舍, and 倉. It represents a flag on a flagpole in 㫃. Eventually, it represents two parallel mountain walls in 谷.
The stylized version to the left of the characters is 亻 (see also 千). Similar but unrelated to 彳.
Sagart (1999) relates it to Tibetan ཉེན (nyen, “relative”), from ཉེ (nye, “near”) + nominalizing suffix -n; if so, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nəj(ʔ) (“near”).
Schuessler (2007) proposes two etymologies:
* Same etymon as 仁 (OC *njin, “to be kind; to be good”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-niŋ (“heart; brain; mind”). The semantic association of 仁 with 人 was somewhat late, dated to Mencius's time; later on, 仁 would be usually interpreted as "humane, acting like a human being".
** If so, semantically parallel with Tibetan སེམས་ཅན (sems can, “living being, human, animal”, literally “possessor of mind”); and Latin animalis (“living, having soul”) from anima (“soul”).
* Related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɲaʔ ~ *ɲah (“person”) with a nominalizing suffix -n, from the auto-ethnonym of a hostile, possibly Austroasiatic-speaking, eastern people, whom the Sinitic-speaking Shang referred to as 人方 (OC *njin paŋ).

ncog

亻
𠆢
儿
𠂉
几
𠔽
𤯔
𦉫
寧
儂/侬
𠆧

吃得苦中苦，方為人上人 / 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人

chī de kǔ zhōng kǔ, fāng wéi rén shàng rén

ngai` ngin`, hen` ngin`, gui` ngin` [Taiwanese Hakka Romanization System]

𠊎人、你人、佢人 [Zhao'an Hakka, trad. and simp.]

(Zhao'an Hakka) pluralizes a personal pronoun


攏

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *roːŋʔ): semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ).


緊

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kinʔ): phonetic 臤 (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic 糸.

Han compound

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified); † - only used for pulled objects as a resultative

not rushed and not slow; taking one's time

不緊不慢

不紧不慢

伊走了真緊。

伊走了真紧。

(literary or Hokkien, Datian Min, Zhao'an Hakka, Wenzhounese) quick; rapid; quickly


薟

→ English: hiam

(Taiwanese, Malaysian and Singapore Hokkien; Teochew; Zhao'an Hakka) spicy


藏

蔵
匨
𢧿
蔵
匨
𢧿
狀
𰹬
蔵
茺
潛
汆
葱

(Zhangzhou, Kinmenese and Taiwanese Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) to hide


討

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *tʰuːʔ): abbreviated phonetic 肘 (OC *tkuʔ) + semantic 言.
Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as an ideogrammic compound (會意 /会意): 言 (“speech”) + 寸 (“hand”) – rectify.

Han compound

2022, “好天氣”, 曾仲瑋, 李幸妃 (lyrics)performed by 曾仲瑋:

I want to take the high-speed rail to Kaohsiung, take the train to Taichung

ngaiˋ too^ cooˇ gooˇ teedˊ kui^ gooˇ hiungˋ, cooˇ foo^ chaˇ kui^ taiˋ zhungˇ

𠊎討坐高鐵去高雄 坐火車去台中

𠊎讨坐高铁去高雄 坐火车去台中


銀

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (銀):
* → Japanese: 銀(ぎん) (gin)
* → Okinawan: 銀(じん) (jin)
* → Korean: 은(銀) (eun)
* → Vietnamese: ngân (銀)

→ Proto-Hmong-Mien: *ɲʷi̯ən (“silver”)

White Hmong: nyiaj (“silver, money”)

→ Lao: ເງິນ (ngœn, “silver, money”)

→ Thai: เงิน (ngən, “silver, money”)

desc

→ Vietnamese: ngần (“silvery white; very white”)

→ Zhuang: ngaenz (“silver, money”)

/ᵑɡan²²⁻²²⁵/

/ᵑɡan²²⁻²²⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ŋrɯn): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-ŋurl. Cognate with Tibetan དངུལ (dngul), Burmese ငွေ (ngwe).

Han compound

幾千銀

几千银

1969, 潘藩, directed by 陸邦, 相思甜如蜜 [My Sweetheart], spoken by 陳維才 (高魯泉 [Ko Lo Chuen]):

These two Qianlong-era vases of mine are worth ten grand.

ngo⁵ ni¹ loeng⁵ go³ kin⁴ lung⁴⁻² faa¹ zeon¹ aa³ zik⁶ sing⁴ maan⁶ ngan⁴ gaa³.

我呢兩個乾隆花樽啊值成萬銀㗎。

我呢两个乾隆花樽啊值成万银㗎。

一件五個銀，三件十五銀 [Teochew, trad.]
一件五个银，三件十五银 [Teochew, simp.]
zêg⁸ gian⁶ ngou⁶ gai⁵ ngêng⁵, san¹ gian⁶ zab⁸ ngou⁶ ngêng⁵ [Peng'im]

蔡俊明 [Choy Chun-ming], editor (1991), “銀 /银 (yín) ngeng˥”, in 潮州方言詞滙 /潮州方言词滙 (Cháozhōu fāngyán cíhuì), 香港 [Hong Kong]: 香港中文大學 /香港中文大学 [The Chinese University of Hong Kong]

five bucks for one, fifteen bucks for three

(Cantonese, Teochew, Hainanese, Zhao'an Hakka) Classifier for money: yuan; dollar; buck


少年

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (少年):
* → Japanese: 少(しょう)年(ねん) (shōnen)
* → Korean: 소년(少年) (sonyeon)
* → Vietnamese: thiếu niên (少年)

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʂɔ⁴⁴ niæ̃²⁴/

/siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/

/siau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵/

/ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/

/ʂɔ⁴⁴ niæ̃²⁴/

/siau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/

/siau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ni⁵⁵/

(literary or Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) young


鉛筆

→ Bouyei: yianfpif

→ Zhuang: yienzbit, yenzbiz

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰiɛn⁵⁵ pi²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiã²¹⁻²⁴ pi²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiẽ³¹ piʔ⁵/

/jᵘɔn²² pit̚⁵⁵/

/n̠ʲyɵn³⁵ ˈpit̚⁵/

/t͡ɕʰie¹¹ piəʔ²/

/yoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɛiʔ²⁴/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² pit̚³²/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² pit̚⁵/

/iɛn¹³⁻²² pit̚³²/

/iɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ pit̚³²/

/iɛn²³⁻³³ pit̚³²/

/iŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pik̚²/

/eŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pek̚²/

/kʰe⁵⁵ piɪʔ²¹/

/kʰɛ³³ piɪʔ⁴⁴/

/kʰæ⁵⁵ piəʔ⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiẽ̞³³ piəʔ⁵⁵/

/kʰɑ³³ piəʔ⁴⁴/

/y̯ẽ¹³ pi²⁴/

/u̯ĩ¹³ pi¹³⁻³³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ pi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡ɕʰiɛn⁵⁵ pi²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiã²¹⁻²⁴ pi²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiẽ³¹ piʔ⁵/

/jᵘɔn²² pit̚⁵⁵/

/n̠ʲyɵn³⁵ ˈpit̚⁵/

/t͡ɕʰie¹¹ piəʔ²/

/yoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾mɛiʔ²⁴/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² pit̚³²/

/iɛn²⁴⁻²² pit̚⁵/

/iɛn¹³⁻²² pit̚³²/

/iɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ pit̚³²/

/iɛn²³⁻³³ pit̚³²/

/iŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pik̚²/

/eŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pek̚²/

/kʰe⁵⁵ piɪʔ²¹/

/kʰɛ³³ piɪʔ⁴⁴/

/kʰæ⁵⁵ piəʔ⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiẽ̞³³ piəʔ⁵⁵/

/kʰɑ³³ piəʔ⁴⁴/

/y̯ẽ¹³ pi²⁴/

/u̯ĩ¹³ pi¹³⁻³³/

(Zhao'an Hakka and Kaohsiung Hokkien) spade; shovel


膨椅

/pʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ i⁵³/

/pʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ i⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ i⁵³/

/pʰɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ i⁵³/

/pʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ i⁴¹/

/pʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ i⁵³/

/pʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ i⁵⁵⁴/

/pʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ i⁵³/

/pʰɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ i⁵³/

/pʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ i⁴¹/


後生

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯²² saːŋ⁵⁵/

/heu²² saŋ³³⁻²¹⁵/

/hau²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

/hɛu²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/hau²¹ ⁽ᶿ⁻⁾na⁵⁴⁴/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ sĩ⁴⁴/

/hau²²⁻²¹ sĩ⁴⁴/

/hau²²⁻¹² sĩ⁴⁴/

/hau³³⁻²² sĩ³³/

/hau²²⁻²¹ sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ sɛ̃⁵⁵/

/hau³³⁻²¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/hau²²⁻²¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/hau²¹ sɛ̃³³/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/hau¹¹ siɛ̃³³⁴/

/hau³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³/

/xoʊ̯⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/

/hɐu̯²² saːŋ⁵⁵/

/heu²² saŋ³³⁻²¹⁵/

/hau²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾laŋ⁵⁵/

/hɛu²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾lɛiŋ⁵⁵/

/hau²¹ ⁽ᶿ⁻⁾na⁵⁴⁴/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ sĩ⁴⁴/

/hau²²⁻²¹ sĩ⁴⁴/

/hau²²⁻¹² sĩ⁴⁴/

/hau³³⁻²² sĩ³³/

/hau²²⁻²¹ sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ sɛ̃⁵⁵/

/hau³³⁻²¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/hau²²⁻²¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/hau²¹ sɛ̃³³/

/hau³³⁻¹¹ sẽ⁴⁴/

/hau¹¹ siɛ̃³³⁴/

/hau³⁵⁻¹¹ sẽ³³/

(Hokkien, Longyan Min, Zhao'an Hakka) son


歇睏

/hiɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰun²¹/

/hiɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰun²¹/

/hẽ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰun¹¹/

/hẽ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰun²¹/

/hɛ̃(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰun²¹/

/hiɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰun²¹/

/hiɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰun²¹/

/hẽ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰun¹¹/

/hẽ(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kʰun²¹/

/hɛ̃(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kʰun²¹/

(Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka) to take time off (from work, school, etc.)


暗頓

/am²¹⁻⁴² tŋ̍²¹/

/am²¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍²¹/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ tŋ̍²¹/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍¹¹/

/am⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tŋ̍⁴¹/

/am²¹⁻³³ tuĩ²¹/

/am²¹⁻⁵³ tuĩ²¹/

/am²¹⁻⁴² tŋ̍²¹/

/am²¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍²¹/

/am²¹⁻⁴¹ tŋ̍²¹/

/am¹¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍¹¹/

/am⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tŋ̍⁴¹/

/am²¹⁻³³ tuĩ²¹/

/am²¹⁻⁵³ tuĩ²¹/

(Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) dinner (evening meal)


落屎

→ English: lao sai

→ Mandarin: 烙賽 /烙赛 (làosài)

/lau⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬai⁴⁵³/

/lau⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬai³³²/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sai⁵⁵⁴/

/lau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sai⁵²⁻²¹/

/lau⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬai⁴⁵³/

/lau⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ɬai³³²/

/lau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sai⁵⁵⁴/

/lau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sai⁵²⁻²¹/

(Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min, Zhao'an Hakka) to have diarrhea


妹子

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/moi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/mɛ⁵⁵ t͡siɛ²¹/

/me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mai̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

/moi̯⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/

/mɛ⁵⁵ t͡siɛ²¹/

/me̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/mai̯²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

/meɪ̯⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/muːi̯²² t͡siː³⁵/

(Xiang, Zhao'an Hakka, endearing) little girl


阿媽

→ English: ama

→ Tagalog: ama

/aː³³ maː¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/a³³⁻²³ ma⁵²/

/aː³³ maː¹³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/

/a⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/

/a³³⁻²³ ma⁵²/

阿妈
阿妈
阿嬤
俺媽
俺嬤
阿罵
阿妈
阿馬
阿瑪

(chiefly Southern Min, Puxian Min, dialectal Eastern Min, Zhao'an Hakka) grandmother


䀴

(Hailu, Raoping and Zhao'an Hakka) to look; to see


引擎

/in²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/

/jɐn¹³ kʰɪŋ²¹/

/in⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɪŋ⁴¹/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪŋ²¹/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪŋ²⁴/

/iɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ d͡zin⁵³/

/iɛn²³⁻³³ zin⁴¹/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ d͡zin⁵³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ zin⁴¹/

/ɦin²² d͡ʑin⁴⁴/

/in²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/

/jɐn¹³ kʰɪŋ²¹/

/in⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɪŋ⁴¹/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪŋ²¹/

/in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiɪŋ²⁴/

/iɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ d͡zin⁵³/

/iɛn²³⁻³³ zin⁴¹/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ d͡zin⁵³/

/iɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ zin⁴¹/

/ɦin²² d͡ʑin⁴⁴/

Phono-semantic matching of English engine. First entered Chinese through Shanghainese. Entered Taiwanese Hakka and Hokkien via Japanese エンジン (enjin).

psm

2004, “古錐仔 [Old Davie]”, in 鍾永豐 [Zhong Yong-feng] (lyrics), 林生祥 [Lin Sheng Xiang] (music), 臨暗 [Getting Dark], performed by 生祥與瓦窯坑3 [Sheng Xiang & Water 3]:

After getting off work that night, [you] rode a 50[cc] motorcycle.

Ke-pî-am-pû hâ-pân, khì-nún ńg-sṳ̍p ên-chín.

適彼暗晡下班，騎著五十引擎。

适彼暗晡下班，骑着五十引擎。

2014, 黃瑋傑 [Huang Wei Jie], “二月个下晝”, in 天光。日, performed by 黃瑋傑 [Huang Wei Jie]:

In the quiet village, you were riding a motorcycle.

ti tiâm-chhin ke chông-thèu, ǹg khì-nún ên-chín

佇恬靜个庄頭 汝騎等引擎

伫恬静个庄头 汝骑等引擎

2019, 李秉璋, “莊下賁賁个人情味”, in 教育部電子報, number 863:

This was my first experience of riding a motorcycle by myself to my classmate's house after graduating senior high school.

liˊ cidˋ he ngaiˋ gooˇ zhungˇ chidˊ ngiabˋ heu ti rhidˊ fueˋ ziˇ gaˇ kiˋ enˊ rhinˋ kui^ tungˋ hoo bbuˊ haˇ e genˇ ngiam.

這即係𠊎高中出業後第一回自家騎引擎去同學屋下个經驗。

这即系𠊎高中出业后第一回自家骑引擎去同学屋下个经验。

2021, 李彥鋒 [Yanfeng Li], “細人仔”, performed by 李彥鋒 [Yanfeng Li]:

Dad rides a motorcycle, coming back from the field

â-pâ khì ên-chín, chhiùng thièn-khiû chón-lòi

阿爸騎引擎 從田坵轉來

阿爸骑引擎 从田坵转来

(Taiwanese Hokkien, Southern Sixian and Zhao'an Hakka) motorcycle (Classifier: 臺／台 h)


阿弟

→ Macanese: atâi

/a⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾li¹¹/

/a⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾li²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² ti⁴⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ ti³⁵/

/a⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾li¹¹/

/a⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ⁽ᵗ⁻⁾li²¹/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² ti²⁴/

/a⁴⁴⁻²² ti⁴⁴/

/a³³⁻²³ ti³⁵/

(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Southern Min, Puxian Min, Wu, Zhao'an Hakka) younger brother


𠢕早

/ɡau²³⁻³³ t͡sa⁴¹/

/ɡau²⁴⁻²² t͡sa⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡau¹³⁻²² t͡sa⁵³/

/ɡau²⁴⁻²² t͡sa⁵³/

/ɡau²⁴⁻¹² t͡sa⁵³/

/ɡau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sa⁵³/

/ɡau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sa⁵²/

/ɡau²³⁻³³ t͡sa⁴¹/

/ɡau²⁴⁻²² t͡sa⁵⁵⁴/

/ɡau¹³⁻²² t͡sa⁵³/

/ɡau²⁴⁻²² t͡sa⁵³/

/ɡau²⁴⁻¹² t͡sa⁵³/

/ɡau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sa⁵³/

/ɡau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sa⁵²/

(Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka) good morning


落屎星

/lau²¹⁻⁵³ sai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/lau¹¹⁻⁵³ sai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/lau²¹⁻⁵³ sai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/lau²¹⁻³³ sai⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡sʰɛ̃³³/

/lau²¹⁻⁴¹ sai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/lau²¹⁻⁵³ sai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/lau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sai⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰẽ³³/

/lau²¹⁻⁵³ sai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/lau¹¹⁻⁵³ sai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/

/lau²¹⁻⁵³ sai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/lau²¹⁻³³ sai⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡sʰɛ̃³³/

/lau²¹⁻⁴¹ sai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/

/lau²¹⁻⁵³ sai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

/lau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sai⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡sʰẽ³³/

Fireflies fly back and forth, just like shooting stars falling down.

2009, 黃添盛, 阮兜兮熱天暝, in 《第五屆雲林文化藝術獎文學獎得獎作品輯》

Hóe-kim-ko͘, poe--kòe-khì, poe--kòe-lâi; ná-chhin-chhiūⁿ, làu-sái-chheⁿ, <?>--lo̍h-lâi.

火金姑，飛過去，飛過來；若親像，落屎星，趴落來。

火金姑，飞过去，飞过来；若亲像，落屎星，趴落来。

They made a wish to the shooting stars that they've sowed themselves
Saying that in your mouths that can no longer say Daddy
Artillery shells will blossom into flowers of justice here

2018, 慧子, 炮彈佮玫瑰——予佇戰火中受苦的囡仔, in 《時差》 (Time Difference)

In hiòng ka-kī iā--lo̍h ê làu-sái-chheⁿ hē-goān
Kóng lí bô-hoat-tō͘ koh kiò pá-pah ê chhùi--lí
Phàu-tôaⁿ ē tī hia khui kong-gī ê hoe

𪜶向家己掖落的落屎星下願
講你無法度閣叫爸爸的喙裡
炮彈會佇遐開公義的花

𪜶向家己掖落的落屎星下愿
讲你无法度阁叫爸爸的喙里
炮弹会伫遐开公义的花

(Xiamen, Malaysian and Taiwanese Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka, Teochew) shooting star


烏枋

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ paŋ⁴⁴/

/ɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ paŋ⁴⁴/

(Taiwanese Hokkien, Dabu and Zhao'an Hakka) blackboard


作穡人

/t͡so(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sit̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²⁴/

/t͡so(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sit̚³²⁻⁴ laŋ²⁴/

(Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien; Zhao'an Hakka) farmer


嬰仔

/ẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/ẽ⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/ɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/ĩ⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴²/

/ẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ a⁴¹/

/ẽ⁴⁴⁻²² a⁵³/

/ɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴⁴/

/ĩ⁴⁴⁻²² a⁴²/

(Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) baby; infant (Classifier: 個／个 mn)


露螺

/lɔ³³⁻²¹ le²³/

/lɔ³³⁻²¹ le²⁴/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ le²⁴/

/lɔ³³⁻¹¹ le²⁴/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ le²⁴/

/lɔ²²⁻¹² lə²⁴/

/lɔ³³⁻²² lə²⁴/

/lɔ³³⁻²¹ le²³/

/lɔ³³⁻²¹ le²⁴/

/lɔ²²⁻²¹ le²⁴/

/lɔ³³⁻¹¹ le²⁴/

/hɔ²²⁻²¹ le²⁴/

/lɔ²²⁻¹² lə²⁴/

/lɔ³³⁻²² lə²⁴/

路螺
路螺
勞力
勞力士
ROLEX

Picking snails might be seen as nothing much, but it is actually a very dangerous task.

2015, 洪協強, 趁外路仔

Khioh lō͘-lê, khòaⁿ bô-siáⁿ, kî-si̍t mā sī chi̍t hāng chiâⁿ gûi-hiám ê khang-khòe.

抾露螺，看無啥，其實嘛是一項誠危險的工課。

2015, 洪協強, 趁外路仔

抾露螺，看无啥，其实嘛是一项诚危险的工课。

(Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) snail


風吹

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/fuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰoi̯²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ t͡sʰə³³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/huaŋ³³ t͡sʰə³³/

/huaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/fɤŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

/fʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɵy̯⁵⁵/

/fuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰoi̯²⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ³³ t͡sʰə³³/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰue⁴⁴/

/huaŋ³³ t͡sʰə³³/

/huaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰe⁴⁴/

Love is like a kite, let go gently to let me fly.

Ài chhin-chhiūⁿ hong-chhoe, khin-khin pàng hō͘ gún poe.

愛親像風吹，輕輕放互阮飛。

爱亲像风吹，轻轻放互阮飞。

(Southwestern Mandarin, Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) kite


豬哥

⇒ English: tiko pek (Singlish)

→ Indonesian: tiko

/t͡su²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/

/ty⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁵⁵/

/ty⁵³³⁻¹¹ ko⁵³³/

/ty⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ko⁵⁴⁴/

/ti⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ti⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/ti⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/tu⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/tɯ⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/tɯ³³⁻²³ ko³³/

/t͡su²⁴⁻¹¹ ko²⁴/

/ty⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾o⁵⁵/

/ty⁵³³⁻¹¹ ko⁵³³/

/ty⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ko⁵⁴⁴/

/ti⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴⁴/

/ti⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/ti⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/tu⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁴⁴/

/tɯ⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁴⁴/

/tɯ³³⁻²³ ko³³/

; "Muslim"
Possibly due to pork being haram to Muslims.

(Hokkien, Southern Sixian and Zhao'an Hakka) lecherous; fond of women


尾二指

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²²⁻²¹ t͡sai⁵³/

/bə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁴¹⁻²² t͡suĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/bue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zi³³⁻²¹ t͡sãi⁴¹/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li³³⁻¹¹ t͡sãi⁵³/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li²²⁻²¹ t͡sai⁵³/

/bə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ li⁴¹⁻²² t͡suĩ⁵⁵⁴/

/bue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zi³³⁻²¹ t͡sãi⁴¹/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ li³³⁻¹¹ t͡sãi⁵³/

(Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka) ring finger


番麥

/fän⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² beʔ⁵⁴/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² beʔ⁴³/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² bɛʔ¹²¹/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ beʔ⁴/

/fän⁵⁵ maɪ̯⁵¹/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² beʔ⁵⁴/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² beʔ⁴³/

/huan⁴⁴⁻²² bɛʔ¹²¹/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ beʔ⁴/

1935, 宋文和, 英臺献計歌 上本, Chiayi: 捷發漢書部:

hoan-be̍h khui-hoe thò͘ âng chang, kam-chià khui-hoe chiâⁿ koaⁿ-bâng

番麥開花吐紅棕 甘蔗開花成官芒

1935, 宋文和, 英臺献計歌 上本, Chiayi: 捷發漢書部:

番麦开花吐红棕 甘蔗开花成官芒

2022, 許其正 [Hsu ChiCheng], “番麥 [The Corn]”, in 水琴 [The Water Lyre], Taipei: 致出版, →ISBN, page 66:

It's the time of reaping the corn again. Oh, how lovely the corn!

Yòu dào fānmài shōuhuò de shíhòu. Ā, duō lìng rén xǐ'ài de fānmài!

又到番麥收穫的時候。啊，多令人喜愛的番麥！

又到番麦收获的时候。啊，多令人喜爱的番麦！

2025, “帶你去逛街 [Wander with You]”, in 名偵探琳誼 [My Ring World], performed by 琳誼 [Ring] and 蕭煌奇 [Ricky Hsiao]:

beh chia̍h chìⁿ ô-te, koh chi̍t-pah kho͘ hang hoan-be̍h

欲食糋蚵炱 閣一百箍烘番麥

欲食糋蚵炱 阁一百箍烘番麦

(chiefly Central Plains Mandarin, Hokkien, Vietnam and Cambodian Teochew, Zhao'an Hakka, dialectal Wu, Maihua) corn; maize (Classifier: 穗 mn)


改薰

/kue⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hun³³/

/kue⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hun³³/

(Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) to give up smoking


出業

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/

/t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ɡiap̚⁴/

這即係𠊎高中出業後第一回自家騎引擎去同學屋下个經驗。

这即系𠊎高中出业后第一回自家骑引擎去同学屋下个经验。

(Taiwanese Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) to graduate


月圍箍

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ui²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ui²⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ui²⁴⁻²² kʰɔ³³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ui²³⁻³³ kʰɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ui¹³⁻²² kʰɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ ui²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ui²⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² ui²⁴⁻²² kʰɔ³³/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ ui²³⁻³³ kʰɔ⁴⁴/

/ɡue(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ui¹³⁻²² kʰɔ⁴⁴/


洗牙

/ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä³⁵/

/sɐi̯³⁵ ŋaː²¹/

/sɛ³³⁻³⁵ ŋai³³/

/ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ jä³⁵/

/sɐi̯³⁵ ŋaː²¹/

/sɛ³³⁻³⁵ ŋai³³/

(Zhao'an Hakka, Northern Min, Eastern Min, Wenzhounese) to brush one's teeth


批橐

/pʰue⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔk̚³²/

/pʰue⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚³²/

/pʰe⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚³²/

/pʰue⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔk̚³²/

/pʰue⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚³²/

/pʰe⁴⁴⁻²² lɔk̚³²/

(Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) big envelope (for holding letters)


內底

/neɪ̯⁵¹ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɔːi̯²² tɐi̯³⁵/

/lai³³⁻²¹ te⁵³/

/lai²²⁻²¹ te⁴²/

/lai³³⁻¹¹ te⁵³/

/lai²²⁻²¹ te⁵³/

/lai³³⁻²¹ te⁴¹/

/lai³⁵⁻¹¹ tõĩ⁵²/

/neɪ̯⁵¹ ti²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/nɔːi̯²² tɐi̯³⁵/

/lai³³⁻²¹ te⁵³/

/lai²²⁻²¹ te⁴²/

/lai³³⁻¹¹ te⁵³/

/lai²²⁻²¹ te⁵³/

/lai³³⁻²¹ te⁴¹/

/lai³⁵⁻¹¹ tõĩ⁵²/


粉鳥

/huŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siau⁵²⁻²¹/

/huŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siau⁵²⁻²¹/

(Zhangzhou, Taiwanese and Singapore Hokkien; Teochew; Raoping and Zhao'an Hakka) pigeon; dove


耳鏡

/hĩ³³⁻²¹ kiã²¹/

/hi²²⁻²¹ kiã²¹/

/hi³³⁻¹¹ kiã¹¹/

/hĩ³³⁻²¹ kiã²¹/

/hi²²⁻²¹ kiã²¹/

/hi³³⁻¹¹ kiã¹¹/

(Southern Min, Southern Sixian and Zhao'an Hakka, anatomy) eardrum


離緣

/li³³⁻²¹ iɛn²³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ iɛn²⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ iɛn²⁴/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ iɛn²⁴/

/li²³⁻³³ iɛn²³/

/li³³⁻²¹ iɛn²³/

/li³³⁻¹¹ iɛn²⁴/

/li²²⁻²¹ iɛn²⁴/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ iɛn²⁴/

/li²³⁻³³ iɛn²³/

(Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) to divorce (legally dissolve one's marriage)


猶原

/iu¹³⁻²² ɡuan¹³/

/iu²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡuan²⁴/

/iu²³⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

/iu²⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²⁴/

/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

/iu²³⁻³³ uan²³/

/iu²⁴⁻¹¹ uan²⁴/

/iu¹³⁻²² ɡuan¹³/

/iu²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡuan²⁴/

/iu²³⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

/iu²⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/

/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²⁴/

/iu⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

/iu²³⁻³³ uan²³/

/iu²⁴⁻¹¹ uan²⁴/

(Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka) still; as before


冰角

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kak̚³²/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kak̚³²/

/piɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kak̚³²/


電頭毛

/tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² tʰau²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/tiɛn³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³⁻²² mɔ̃¹³/

/tiɛn³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/tiɛn⁴¹⁻²² tʰau²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴⁻²¹ mŋ̍²⁴/

/tiɛn³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/

/tiɛn²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³⁻²² mɔ̃¹³/

(Hokkien, Haifeng Min, Zhao'an Hakka) to perm


茶鈷

→ Malay: teko

Indonesian: teko

/tɒ¹³⁻¹¹ kɔu⁴⁵³/

/tɒ¹³⁻¹¹ kou⁴⁵³/

/tɒ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɔ⁴⁵³/

/te²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/te²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/te²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/te²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

/tɛ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/te⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou⁵²/

/tɒ¹³⁻¹¹ kɔu⁴⁵³/

/tɒ¹³⁻¹¹ kou⁴⁵³/

/tɒ¹³⁻¹¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ɔ⁴⁵³/

/te²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

/te²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/

/te²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/te²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/

/tɛ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³/

/te⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou⁵²/

(Southern Min, Puxian Min, Zhao'an Hakka) teapot (for brewing tea) (Classifier: 鈷／钴)


繳場

/kiau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ tiũ²⁴/

/kiau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/kiau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/kiau⁵³⁻²⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/kiau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɔ̃¹³/

/kiau⁵³⁻⁵⁵ tiũ²⁴/

/kiau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/kiau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/kiau⁵³⁻²⁴ tiũ²⁴/

/kiau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɔ̃¹³/

(Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka) casino; gambling house (Classifier: 家; 間／间)


瓠子

/wuː²² t͡siː³⁵/

/wuː²² t͡siː³⁵/

(Jianghuai Mandarin, Zhao'an Hakka) bottle gourd; calabash


秤花

/t͡sʰən²¹³ xua⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵³³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin¹¹⁻⁵³ hue⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin²¹⁻⁵³ hue⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin²¹⁻⁴¹ hue⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hue³³/

/t͡sʰin²¹⁻⁵³ hua⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰən²¹³ xua⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵³³/

/t͡sʰiŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ŋua⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin¹¹⁻⁵³ hue⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin²¹⁻⁵³ hue⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin²¹⁻⁴¹ hue⁴⁴/

/t͡sʰin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hue³³/

/t͡sʰin²¹⁻⁵³ hua⁴⁴/

(Yinchuan Mandarin, Zhao'an Hakka, Huizhou, Min, dialectal Wu) gradations marked on the beam of a steelyard


鐵鉎

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ siɛn⁴⁴/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ siɛn⁴⁴/

/tʰi(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ siɛn⁴⁴/

(dialectal Mandarin, Southern Min, Puxian Min, Zhao'an Hakka) rust of iron


雞髻花

/kie⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁵/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ kue²¹⁻⁴¹ hue⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ kue¹¹⁻⁵³ hue⁴⁴/

/kue⁴⁴⁻³³ ke¹¹⁻⁵³ hue⁴⁴/

/kue⁴⁴⁻²² ke²¹⁻⁵³ hue⁴⁴/

/kue³³ kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hue³³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² kue²¹⁻⁵³ hua⁴⁴/

/koi³³⁻²³ kue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hue³³/

/kie⁵⁵⁻²¹ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ui²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ʰ⁻⁾ua⁵⁵/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ kue²¹⁻⁴¹ hue⁴⁴/

/ke⁴⁴⁻³³ kue¹¹⁻⁵³ hue⁴⁴/

/kue⁴⁴⁻³³ ke¹¹⁻⁵³ hue⁴⁴/

/kue⁴⁴⁻²² ke²¹⁻⁵³ hue⁴⁴/

/kue³³ kə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hue³³/

/ke⁴⁴⁻²² kue²¹⁻⁵³ hua⁴⁴/

/koi³³⁻²³ kue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hue³³/

Celosia argentea var. cristata#Translingual

Celosia cristata
Celosia cristata#Translingual

(Eastern Min, Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka, botany) cockscomb (Celosia argentea var. cristata, syn. Celosia cristata)


偷提

/tʰau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰeʔ⁴/

/tʰau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰeʔ⁴/

/tʰau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰeʔ¹²¹/

/tʰau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰeʔ⁴/

/tʰau⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰeʔ⁴/

/tʰau⁴⁴⁻²² tʰeʔ¹²¹/

(Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) to steal; to pilfer


鼻空

/pʰi³³ kʰuŋ⁵³/

/pʰi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰøyŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰĩ²²⁻²¹ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰĩ³³⁻¹¹ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰĩ³³⁻²¹ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰi²²⁻²¹ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰi⁴¹⁻²² kʰaŋ³³/

/pʰĩ¹¹ kʰaŋ³³/

/pʰi³⁵⁻³³ kʰaŋ³⁵/

/pʰi³³ kʰuŋ⁵³/

/pʰi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰøyŋ⁵⁵/

/pʰĩ²²⁻²¹ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰĩ³³⁻¹¹ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰĩ³³⁻²¹ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰi²²⁻²¹ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/pʰi⁴¹⁻²² kʰaŋ³³/

/pʰĩ¹¹ kʰaŋ³³/

/pʰi³⁵⁻³³ kʰaŋ³⁵/

(Eastern Min, Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka) nostril


食福

/sɪk̚² fʊk̚⁵/

/t͡sia(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/

/t͡sia(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/t͡sia(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/t͡sa⁵³⁻¹¹ hok̚⁵/

/sɪk̚² fʊk̚⁵/

/t͡sia(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ hɔk̚³²/

/t͡sia(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/t͡sia(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ hɔk̚³²/

/t͡sa⁵³⁻¹¹ hok̚⁵/

(Cantonese, Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka) the luck to get something nice to eat; happy knack for chancing upon fine food; gourmet's luck


大後生

/tua²²⁻²¹ hau²²⁻²¹ sĩ⁴⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² hau²² sĩ³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ hau²²⁻²¹ sɛ̃⁴⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ hau²²⁻²¹ sĩ⁴⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² hau²² sĩ³³/

/tua²²⁻²¹ hau²²⁻²¹ sɛ̃⁴⁴/


針空

/t͡siɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ kʰaŋ⁵³³/

/t͡siɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ kʰaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sieŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ kʰaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻²² kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siɛŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ kʰaŋ⁵³³/

/t͡siɛŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ kʰaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡sieŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ kʰaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻²² kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

/t͡siam⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰaŋ⁴⁴/

(Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka, Xianyou Puxian Min) eye (of a needle)


較緊

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² kin⁴²/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kin⁵³/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kin⁴¹/

/kʰa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kin⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴² kin⁴²/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ kin⁵³/

/kʰa(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ kin⁴¹/

/kʰa⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kin⁵⁵⁴/

(Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) quickly; without delay


狡怪

(Taiwanese Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) naughty; mischievous; cheeky


生鉎

生⫽鉎 (canonical)
生𰽫
生鍟
生銹
生鏥

/saːŋ⁵⁵ sɛːŋ³³/

/saŋ³³ ɬiaŋ³³/

/saŋ⁵⁵ t͡siŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬa⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))lɛŋ⁵³³/

/ɬã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))nɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/sĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɛn⁴⁴/

/sĩ⁴⁴⁻²² siɛn⁴⁴/

/sẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɛn⁴⁴/

/sɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² siɛn⁴⁴/

/sɛ̃³³⁻²¹ siɛn³³/

/sẽ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/sẽ³³⁻²³ saŋ³³/

/saːŋ⁵⁵ sɛːŋ³³/

/saŋ³³ ɬiaŋ³³/

/saŋ⁵⁵ t͡siŋ⁵⁵/

/ɬa⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^((ɬ-))lɛŋ⁵³³/

/ɬã⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^((ɬ-))nɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/

/sĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɛn⁴⁴/

/sĩ⁴⁴⁻²² siɛn⁴⁴/

/sẽ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɛn⁴⁴/

/sɛ̃⁴⁴⁻²² siɛn⁴⁴/

/sɛ̃³³⁻²¹ siɛn³³/

/sẽ⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/

/sẽ³³⁻²³ saŋ³³/

(Cantonese, Zhao'an Hakka, Eastern Min, Southern Min) to rust; to get rusty; to corrode; to oxidise


大舌

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siʔ⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡siʔ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siʔ¹²¹/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡siʔ⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡siʔ⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siʔ⁴/

/tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡siʔ²⁴/

/tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siʔ¹²¹/

/tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡siʔ⁴/

/tua³³⁻²¹ t͡siʔ⁴/

(Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka, Wenzhounese) to speak indistinctly or with a lisp; to have slurred speech; to stutter


號做

/ho⁴¹⁻²² t͡sue⁴¹/

/ho²²⁻²¹ t͡sue²¹/

/ho³³⁻¹¹ t͡sue¹¹/

/hɤ³³⁻²¹ t͡sɤ²¹/

/ho²²⁻²¹ t͡so²¹/

/ho⁴¹⁻²² t͡sue⁴¹/

/ho²²⁻²¹ t͡sue²¹/

/ho³³⁻¹¹ t͡sue¹¹/

/hɤ³³⁻²¹ t͡sɤ²¹/

/ho²²⁻²¹ t͡so²¹/

(Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) to be called; to be named; to be known as


相輸

/siɔŋ⁵⁴ sy⁵⁴/

/sio⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/sio⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/siɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/sio³³⁻²³ su³³/

/siɔŋ⁵⁴ sy⁵⁴/

/sio⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/sio⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/siɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻³³ su⁴⁴/

/sã⁴⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/

/sio³³⁻²³ su³³/

(Northern Min, Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka) to make a bet; to place a wager


沃花

/ak̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/

/ak̚⁵⁻²⁴ hue³³/

/ak̚³²⁻⁵ hua⁴⁴/

/ak̚³²⁻⁴ hua⁴⁴/

/ak̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴⁴/

/ak̚⁵⁻²⁴ hue³³/

/ak̚³²⁻⁵ hua⁴⁴/

/ak̚³²⁻⁴ hua⁴⁴/

(Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka) to water flowers


後擺

/au³³⁻²¹ pai⁴¹/

/au²²⁻²¹ pai⁴²/

/au³³⁻¹¹ pai⁵³/

/au²²⁻²¹ pai⁵³/

/au³³⁻²² pai⁵⁵⁴/

/au³³⁻²² mai⁵⁵⁴/

/au³⁵⁻¹¹ pai⁵²/

/au³³⁻²¹ pai⁴¹/

/au²²⁻²¹ pai⁴²/

/au³³⁻¹¹ pai⁵³/

/au²²⁻²¹ pai⁵³/

/au³³⁻²² pai⁵⁵⁴/

/au³³⁻²² mai⁵⁵⁴/

/au³⁵⁻¹¹ pai⁵²/

(Hokkien, Teochew, Zhao'an Hakka) in the future


棕蓑

/t͡søyŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nai⁵⁵/

/t͡saŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sui⁴⁴/

/t͡saŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sui⁴⁴/

/t͡saŋ³³⁻²³ sui³³/

/t͡søyŋ⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾nai⁵⁵/

/t͡saŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sui⁴⁴/

/t͡saŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sui⁴⁴/

/t͡saŋ³³⁻²³ sui³³/

(Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min, Zhao'an Hakka) raincoat woven from palm fiber (often worn by peasants in ancient China)


起痟

→ English: kee siao

/kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau⁵³/

/kʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siau⁴¹/

/kʰi⁴²⁻²⁴ siau⁴²/

/kʰi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siau⁵⁵⁴/

/kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau⁵³/

/kʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siau⁴¹/

/kʰi⁴²⁻²⁴ siau⁴²/

/kʰi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siau⁵⁵⁴/

(Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) to go crazy; to go mad; to lose one's mind


學佬事

[hɔ³³ lɔ³¹ su⁵⁵]

(Zhao'an Hakka) Min Chinese; especially Southern Min

GT

General TaiwaneseMD - General Eastern Min


踅街

/sə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kue³³/

/se(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/

/sə(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kue³³/

/se(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ ke⁴⁴/

(Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) to stroll around the streets; to loiter on the street; to window-shop; to go shopping


煎匙

→ Kristang: chengsi

→ Tagalog: siyansi

/t͡siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ si²⁴/

/t͡siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² si¹³/

/t͡siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ si²³/

/t͡siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² si²⁴/

/t͡siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ si²⁴/

/t͡siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² si¹³/

/t͡siɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ si²³/

/t͡siɛn⁴⁴⁻²² si²⁴/

(Zhao'an Hakka, Hokkien, Puxian Min) slice; spatula


尾班車

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/mei̯¹³ paːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pan⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/bue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pan⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/bue⁵²⁻³⁵ paŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰia³³/

/weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ pän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/

/mei̯¹³ paːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/

/be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pan⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/bue⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pan⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰia⁴⁴/

/bue⁵²⁻³⁵ paŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰia³³/

2021, “係咁先啦”performed by MC $oHo & KidNey ft. Kayan9896:

I take a look at my watch, wow, the last bus will be gone soon

mong⁶ haa⁵ zek³ biu¹ waa³ zau⁶ lei⁴ mou⁵ mei⁵ baan¹ ce¹ laa³

望下隻錶嘩就嚟無尾班車啦

望下只表哗就嚟无尾班车啦

(chiefly Cantonese, Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka) last train or bus (for the day)


刀嘴

/tou̯⁵⁵ t͡sɵy̯³⁵/

/tou̯⁵⁵ t͡sɵy̯³⁵/

(Zhao'an Hakka) edge of a knife; knife blade


拚勢

/piã²¹⁻⁴¹ se²¹/

/piã¹¹⁻⁵³ se¹¹/

/piã²¹⁻⁴¹ si²¹/

/piã¹¹⁻⁵³ si¹¹/

/piã²¹⁻⁴¹ se²¹/

/piã¹¹⁻⁵³ se¹¹/

/piã²¹⁻⁴¹ si²¹/

/piã¹¹⁻⁵³ si¹¹/

在人生路拚勢

在人生路拚势

(Taiwanese Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) diligent; hardworking; going all out


翻草

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰau⁵²/

/huaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰau⁵²/

(Cantonese, Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka) to ruminate; to chew the cud


淺眠

/t͡sʰiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin²³/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²⁴/

/kʰin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin¹³/

/kʰin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin²³/

/kʰin⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bin²⁴/

/kʰin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²⁴/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin²³/

/t͡sʰiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²⁴/

/kʰin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin¹³/

/kʰin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bin²³/

/kʰin⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bin²⁴/

/kʰin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bin²⁴/

(Hokkien, Zhao'an Hakka) being a light sleeper


拆藥

/tʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ioʔ¹²¹/

/tʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ioʔ⁴/

/tʰiaʔ²⁻⁴ ioʔ⁴/

/tʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ioʔ¹²¹/

/tʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ ioʔ⁴/

/tʰiaʔ²⁻⁴ ioʔ⁴/

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(Dabu and Zhao'an Hakka, Southern Min, traditional Chinese medicine) to have a traditional Chinese medicine prescription filled (of the patient)


合藥

/kap̚³²⁻⁵⁴ ioʔ⁵⁴/

/kap̚⁵⁻²⁴ ioʔ²⁴/

/kap̚³²⁻⁴ ioʔ⁴/

/kap̚³²⁻⁵ ioʔ¹²¹/

/kap̚³²⁻⁵⁴ ioʔ⁵⁴/

/kap̚⁵⁻²⁴ ioʔ²⁴/

/kap̚³²⁻⁴ ioʔ⁴/

/kap̚³²⁻⁵ ioʔ¹²¹/