伯

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (伯):
* → Japanese: 伯(はく) (haku, “count”)
* → Korean: 백(伯) (baek, “count”)
* → Vietnamese: bá (伯, “count”)

→? Proto-Turkic: *bēg (see there for further descendants)

→ Manchu: ᠪᡝ (be)

desc

→ Thai: แปะ (bpɛ̀), แป๊ะ (bpɛ́, “old Chinese man”) (via Teochew)

→ Vietnamese: bác (“uncle, aunt”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *praːɡ): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).
Unclear. Possibly an areal word (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Mru [script needed] (rak, “eldest brother”) and Kukish prak (“eldest brother”) (Löffler, 1966), as well as Lahu phâ (“god; lord”) < Thai พระ (prá) < Old Khmer bra or Angkorian Old Khmer braḥ, braḥh, brah (“distinguished; divine; excellent; holy; sacred; superior; etc.”) (see Khmer ព្រះ (preăh) for more).
Possibly related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bʷaŋ ~ *pʷaŋ (“(paternal) uncle; elder brother”), in turn possibly related to 兄 (OC *hmraŋ, “elder brother”) (Benedict, 1972).
Alternatively, from 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”); compare 皤 (OC *paːl, *baːl, “white”), which underwent parallel semantic shift to "white-haired", though this is possibly folk etymology (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 2 is the exoactive/transitive of pronunciation 1 (ibid.).

沙烏地阿拉伯

Shāwūdì Ālābó

沙乌地阿拉伯

Shāwūdì Ālābó

(Jilu Mandarin) paternal aunt (wife of father's elder brother)


嘎

(Beijing, Northeastern, Jilu, Jiaoliao and Central Plains Mandarin, dialectal Jin) ill-tempered

(Beijing, Northeastern, Jilu and Central Plains Mandarin) naughty


巴

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (巴):
* → Japanese: 巴(は) (Ha)
* → Korean: 파(巴) (Pa)
* → Vietnamese: Ba (巴)

Pictogram (象形) — a huge snake. However, in 邑 and 色 (both Kangxi radicals) it represents a person kneeling.
; "huge snake"
; "bar"

(Jilu Mandarin, Sichuanese, dialectal Wu) to be close to; to be next to

(Beijing Mandarin, Jilu Mandarin) to open; to spread


擼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 魯 (OC *raːʔ).

Han compound

擼起袖子

撸起袖子

擼貓

撸猫

(Beijing, Northeastern, Jilu, Jiaoliao and Central Plains Mandarin) to rub one's hand along; to stroke


橫

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ).
; “crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained”
* Related to 衡 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), 桁 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), 珩 (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and 璜 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly 樑 (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007).
* Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, “to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.”) < Old Khmer khveṅ (“to go far around; to encircle; to enclose”). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, “to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart”) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, “enclosing wall; rampart”), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, “crossing-place; ford; port; shore”) (cf. Malay kampung).

cog

(Beijing and Jilu Mandarin) probably; presumably; perhaps; maybe


牌

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (牌):
* → Japanese: 牌(はい) (hai)
* → Korean: 패(牌) (pae)
* → Vietnamese: bài (牌)

desc

→ Burmese: ဖဲ (hpai:, “playing cards; game of cards”)

→ Khmer: បៀ (biə, “playing cards”)

→ Lao: ໄພ້ (phai, “playing cards”)

→ Lü: ᦘᦻᧉ (phaay², “playing cards”)

→ Shan: ၽၢႆႉ (phâ̰ai, “domino, playing cards”)

→ Thai: ไพ่ (pâi, “playing cards”)

→ White Hmong: phaib (“playing cards”)

→ Zhuang: bej (“playing cards”)

/pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

/pʰaːi̯²¹⁻³⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *breː, *breː): semantic 片 + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe).

Han compound

(Jilu Mandarin) Classifier for card games: round


費

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *prɯds, *pʰɯds, *bɯds): phonetic 弗 (OC *pɯd) + semantic 貝 (“cowry”).

Han compound

(Jilu, Lanyin, Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Jin, dialectal Wu) naughty; mischievous


跍

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, Jilu, Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, Hakka, Gan, Min, Wu, Xiang) to squat

obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese; Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin; obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese; Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin


姑娘

→ Japanese: 姑娘 (kūnyan)

→ Korean: 꾸냥 (kkunyang), 쿠냥 (kunyang)

→ Russian: ку́ня (kúnja)

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑ̃ɻ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ku²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/ku⁴² n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/ku²⁴ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ku¹¹ niɒ̃⁴⁵/

/kɔ³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niɔ̃²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/ku⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑ̃ɻ²/

/ku⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/ku²⁴ niɑŋ²⁴/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/kuː⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/

/ku⁴² n̠ʲiɔŋ²/

/ku²⁴ ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/

/ku¹¹ niɒ̃⁴⁵/

/kɔ³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²³/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niũ²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ niɔ̃²⁴/

/kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² niɔ̃¹³/

/ku⁵⁵ n̠ʲiã²¹/

(Jilu, Central Plains, Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Huizhou, Shaowu Min, Wu) paternal aunt (father's sister)

Central Plains; Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin; Central Plains; Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin


月明

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (月明):
* → Japanese: 月明(げつめい) (getsumei)

/ɥɛ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵/

/jyːt̚² mɪŋ²¹/

/yəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ mi¹¹/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ biɪŋ²³/

/ɥɛ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵/

/jyːt̚² mɪŋ²¹/

/yəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ mi¹¹/

/ɡue(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ biɪŋ²³/

(Jilu, Jiaoliao and Central Plains Mandarin, Jin) moon


簡直

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tit̚²⁴/

/kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tit̚¹²¹/

/t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/

/kan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tit̚²⁴/

/kan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tit̚¹²¹/

(Northeastern and Jilu Mandarin) straight; ahead


地蠶

/ti⁵¹ t͡sʰän³⁵/

/ti⁵¹ t͡sʰän³⁵/

(Jilu Mandarin, including Tianjin Mandarin, Shijiazhuang Mandarin) earthworm


喝湯

/xɤ⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːt̚³ tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

/xɤ⁵⁵ tʰɑŋ⁵⁵/

/hɔːt̚³ tʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/

(Central Plains, Jilu and Jiaoliao Mandarin) to have a meal (especially dinner); to eat


油蟲

/joʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

/jɐu̯²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/

/joʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ³⁵/

/jɐu̯²¹ t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/


機子

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/t͡ɕi¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

/t͡ɕi⁵⁵ d͡z̥z̩²/

/t͡ɕi¹¹ t͡səʔ²/

(Jilu Mandarin, Jin, Xiang, specifically) sewing machine


抽斗

/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵⁵ toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɤ⁵⁵ tɤ²¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵⁵ toʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰɤ⁵⁵ tɤ²¹/

(Northeastern, Jilu, Jiaoliao and Central Plains Mandarin, Jin, Wu) drawer


口舌

Sino-Xenic (口舌):
* → Korean: 구설(口舌) (guseol)

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ³⁵/

/hɐu̯³⁵ siːt̚³/

/hɐu̯³⁵ siːt̚²/

/kʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siʔ⁴/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siʔ⁴/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siʔ¹²¹/

/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛt̚⁴/

/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛt̚¹²¹/

/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɛt̚⁴/

/kʰio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɛt̚²⁴/

/kʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɛt̚⁴/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛt̚⁴/

/kʰau⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siʔ⁴/

/kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤ³⁵/

/hɐu̯³⁵ siːt̚³/

/hɐu̯³⁵ siːt̚²/

/kʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siʔ⁴/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siʔ⁴/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siʔ¹²¹/

/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛt̚⁴/

/kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛt̚¹²¹/

/kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɛt̚⁴/

/kʰio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɛt̚²⁴/

/kʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɛt̚⁴/

/kʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɛt̚⁴/

/kʰau⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siʔ⁴/

(Jilu Mandarin, Huizhou, dialectal Wu) tongue


顢頇

/män⁵⁵ xän⁵⁵/

/män³⁵ xän⁵⁵/

/muːn²¹ hɔːn⁵⁵/

/män⁵⁵ xän⁵⁵/

/män³⁵ xän⁵⁵/

/muːn²¹ hɔːn⁵⁵/

(literary, Beijing, Jilu, Jiaoliao and Central Plains Mandarin, Teochew) stupid and muddle-headed


霍閃

霍闪
豁閃
霍顯
霍險
霍險
霍閃

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hoʔ³³ ɕi⁴⁴/

/hoʔ⁵⁵ ɕɪ⁵¹/

/huoʔ³³ szʷõ⁵³/

/xo²⁴ ʂə̃⁴¹/

/xo²⁴ sə̃⁴¹/

/xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʂän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hoʔ³³ ɕi⁴⁴/

/hoʔ⁵⁵ ɕɪ⁵¹/

/huoʔ³³ szʷõ⁵³/

/xo²⁴ ʂə̃⁴¹/

/xo²⁴ sə̃⁴¹/

(literary or dialectal, including Beijing, Jilu, Central Plains, Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Jin, Wu) lightning; flash of lightning


拌蒜

/pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯än⁵¹/

/pän⁵¹⁻⁵³ su̯än⁵¹/

(Beijing, Jilu, Central Plains and Lanyin Mandarin, ideophonic, of one's feet) to frequently bump into each other when walking, causing one to totter; to walk unsteadily; to stagger


親娘

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ nœːŋ²¹/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹ ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/

(Beijing and Jilu Mandarin, Jin) co-mother-in-law (one's son or daughter's mother-in-law)

GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)


得勁

/tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕiə̯ɻ⁵¹/

/tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕiə̯ɻ⁵¹/

/tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

(now chiefly Central Plains and Jilu Mandarin, usually erhua-ed) feeling comfortable, content or well

now chiefly Central Plains and Jilu Mandarin; usually erhua-ed; now chiefly Central Plains and Jilu Mandarin; usually erhua-ed


不得勁

ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄣˋ

ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄥˋ

/pu⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄣˋㄦ

/pu⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕiə̯ɻ⁵¹/

/pu⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

/pu⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/

/pu⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕiə̯ɻ⁵¹/

/pu⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/

(now chiefly Central Plains and Jilu Mandarin, usually erhua-ed) uncomfortable

(now chiefly Central Plains and Jilu Mandarin, usually erhua-ed) feeling sick; feeling unwell

(now chiefly Central Plains and Jilu Mandarin, usually erhua-ed) embarrassed; shy


火柿子

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

/xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/


羅麵雨

/lɤ¹¹ mie⁴⁵ y⁵³/

/lɤ¹¹ mie⁴⁵ y⁵³/

(Jilu and Central Plains Mandarin, Jin) drizzle; light rain