ह्वल्

head

ह्वल् • (hval)

sa-root

ह्वल् • (hval)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰwal-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰwal-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwel- (“to lie, deceive, bend”); cognate with Ancient Greek φῆλος (phêlos, “deceitful”), Proto-Slavic *zъlъ, Avestan 𐬰𐬎𐬭𐬀𐬵 (zurah, “injustice”), Lithuanian žulas (“rough”), Latvian zveļu (“to turn aside”).


ढुण्ढ्

head

ढुण्ढ् • (ḍhuṇḍh)


मृक्ष्

मृक्ष् • (mṛkṣ)

sa-root

मृक्ष् • (mṛkṣ)

Probably a desiderative from मृज् (mṛj, “to wipe, rub”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃merǵ- (“to wipe”).


स्त्यै

head

स्त्यै • (styai)

sa-root

स्त्यै • (styai)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stayH-, from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”).


संतप्

head

संतप् • (saṃtap)

sa-root

संतप् • (saṃtap)


टिप्प्

head

टिप्प् • (ṭipp)

sa-root

टिप्प् • (ṭipp)

Unknown. Possibly onomatopoeic and Sanskritized from some Prakrit form. Related to *𑀝𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁆 (*ṭapp, “to drip”) and *𑀝𑀺𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁆 (*ṭipp, “to squeeze, nip”) (cf. Prakrit 𑀝𑀺𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀻 (ṭippī, “dot above the head”)).


विस्मृ

head

विस्मृ • (vismṛ)

sa-root

विस्मृ • (vismṛ)


ङु

→ Malayalam: ങുതം (ṅutaṁ)


ढौक्

head

ढौक् • (ḍhauk)

sa-root

ढौक् • (ḍhauk)

Post-Vedic, of unknown and likely substrate origin.


लस्

Of uncertain origin. The original meaning is "to be lively". Likely from Proto-Indo-European *las- (“eager”); compare Latin lascīvus (“playful; lustful”) and perhaps Ancient Greek λῐλαίομαι (lĭlaíomai, “to desire; to be eager or anxious”). Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂s-; compare Proto-Slavic *làskati (“to caress, flatter”). Finally, perhaps borrowed from a foreign source.


लल्

Uncertain. Probably a sound-symbolic formation, and/or from Munda. Compare German lallen (“to babble”) for a similar formation.

to play; to sport; to frolic; to behave loosely or freely


मिल्

head

मिल् • (mil)

sa-root

मिल् • (mil)

Of uncertain origin and not attested in Vedic Sanskrit. Tedesco reconstructs this late root as a Sanskritization of early Prakrit *𑀫𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀳 (*milha, “mixed”), from मिश्र (miśra, “mixed”). Mayrhofer supports this and also notes Vedic l-variant मिश्ल (miśla, “mixed”) from which this root would be derived.
Turner rejects this origin on the basis that this root and its descendants show no evidence of the aspiration of -l- and Prakrit *𑀫𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀳 (*milha, “mixed”) is unattested in favor of 𑀫𑀺𑀲 (misa), 𑀫𑀻𑀲 (mīsa), 𑀫𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲 (missa). He instead reconstructs mil ~ mēl ~ miḍ as a differentiation of older मील् (mīl, “to close the eyes”), undergoing a semantic shift evidenced by Vedic मीलित (mīlita, “closed, together, met”).

to meet (as friends or foes); to encounter; to join; to fall in with; to come together; to assemble; to concur; to combine


चप्

The origin is uncertain. See Prakrit 𑀘𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁆 (capp) for more.
Perhaps borrowed from Munda; however, the Munda derivations found in literature are based on an interpretation of चप् (cap) as originally meaning "to grind down", while "to soothe" seems to be the original meaning.
Not related to Vedic Sanskrit चप्य (capya, “a kind of sacrificial vessel”).


व्रश्च्

head

व्रश्च् • (vraśc)

sa-root

व्रश्च् • (vraśc)

The origin is uncertain.
Traditionally taken to be from Proto-Indo-European *wrek-, and compared with Ancient Greek ῥάκος (rhákos, “rag, wrinkle”), Latvian rakt (“to dig”). Similarities to Czech vráska (“wrinkle”) have also been noted. Perhaps related to Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬙𐬗𐬀𐬉𐬨 (uruuatcaēm, “I will tear it apart”). These proposals have their share of phonetic and/or semantic difficulties. Cross-contamination and conflation with similar roots may have obscured the true origins of the root.
Not related to Sanskrit वृक्ष (vṛkṣa, “tree”).

cog

to cut down, cut off, cut asunder, cleave, hew, fell (a tree)


धाव्

head

धाव् • (dhāv)

sa-root

धाव् • (dhāv)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰā́w, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰā́w, from *dʰew- (“to run, flow”). Cognate with Ancient Greek θέω (théō), Persian دویدن (davidan).


जागृ

head

जागृ • (jāgṛ)

sa-root

जागृ • (jāgṛ)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ger- (“to be awake, to awaken”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀-𐬖𐬭𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬫𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (fra-γrārayeⁱti), Ancient Greek ἐγείρω (egeírō, “to awaken”), Middle Persian wygrʼd (wiγrād) (whence Modern Persian بیدار (bidâr, “awake”)), Albanian ngrē (“to lift, to wake”), as well as perhaps Latin expergiscor (“I awake, I wake up”).

cog

𐬟𐬭𐬀-𐬖𐬭𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬫𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌


छुप्

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *skewp-?
Sanskrit स्पृश् (spṛś)?
Sanskrit छुप् (chup)
Uncertain.
* Most likely from Proto-Indo-European *skewp- (“to touch, probe”), and thus cognate with Proto-Slavic *ščupati (“to touch”).
* Alternatively, a dialectal form of स्पृश् (spṛś, “to touch, stroke”).
See more discussion at छुपति (chupati).

etymon

स्पृश्>touch


उच्

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewk- (“to be accustomed”). Compare Lithuanian jùnkti (“to learn”), Polish uczyć (“to teach; to learn”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍃 (biūhts, “accustomed to”), Old Armenian ուսանիմ (usanim, “to learn”).

cog

to take pleasure in, delight in, be fond of


क्षोट्

head

क्षोट् • (kṣoṭ)

sa-root

क्षोट् • (kṣoṭ)

A Sanskritization of a Prakrit root from the same family as 𑀙𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀤𑀺 (choḍei), itself from 𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (chuṭṭa, “released”). See there for more.


नह्

Of uncertain origin. A connection to Latin nōdus (“knot”) and Old Irish nascim (“to bind”) is semantically appealing, though formal analysis is difficult due to semantic contamination from similar-sounding roots, such as nectere for Latin and ग्रन्थ् (granth) / बन्ध् (bandh) for Sanskrit.


श्चुत्

head

श्चुत् • (ścut)

sa-root

श्चुत् • (ścut)

Of uncertain origin. Mayrhofer supposes a phonetic development श्चुत् (ścut) → श्च्युत् (ścyut) → च्युत् (cyut).


चक्ष्

head

चक्ष् • (cakṣ)

sa-root

चक्ष् • (cakṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeḱ- (“to see, look”). Related to काश् (kāś, “to shine, appear”), though probably not derived from it via reduplication.


खद्

Uncertain.
Considered to be a root of dubious origin, perhaps an ad hoc back-formation to explain the name of खदिर (khadira, “the catechu tree”), known for its hard wood.
Turner connects the root with खडक (khaḍaka, “bolt, pin”), with these words possibly tracing back to the same unattested ancestor.


स्कु

head

स्कु • (sku)

sa-root

स्कु • (sku)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₂- (“to poke, cut into, tear”), related to Hittite iskunant- (“spotted”) and Hittite iskunahhis (“marked”, 3sg.past), Lithuanian kiáuras (“perforated”), and maybe Proto-Germanic *hūdiz, Latin cutis (“skin”), Lithuanian kiáutas (“shell, rind, peel”) via the connection 'flaying' < 'tearing' (just as Ancient Greek δέρμα (dérma, “skin”) is from δέρω (dérō, “to flay”)).


गल्

Likely from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gál, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gál, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷel- (“to drip, dribble, ooze, flow”). Cognate with Albanian gëloj, Old High German quellan (“to well up, to pour out”), Old English cwylla (“spring, source”) (whence English quell).

cog

to cause (the water of a dropsical person) to go off


अण्ठ्

head

अण्ठ् • (aṇṭh)

sa-root

अण्ठ् • (aṇṭh)

Buddhist-preferred variant of अट् (aṭ), which is a sanskritization of a popular pronunciation of the Vedic root अत् (at, “to go constantly, walk, run”).


अठ्

अण्ठ् अण्ठ्#Sanskrit

Alternative form of अण्ठ् (aṇṭh, “to go”)


अत्

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂et-
Sanskrit अत् (at)
Probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₂et- (“to go”); compare Latin annus (“year”) and Gothic 𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌸𐌽𐌹 (ataþni, “year”). In Italic and Germanic, the root shifted to refer to "year" only (as a "going" of time).


हिण्ड्

head

हिण्ड् • (hiṇḍ)

sa-root

हिण्ड् • (hiṇḍ)

Of unclear origin. Related to New Indo-Aryan *𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (*haṭṭaï), and probably borrowed from a foreign source.
The meaning of "to be empty", attested in some texts, is likely spurious.


स्थग्

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”) and compared to Ancient Greek στέγω (stégō, “to cover closely”). However, Mayrhofer doubts this, and suggests an alternative that this root, along with स्तक् (stak, “to strike against”) and ढक्कन (ḍhakkana, “shutting (of a door)”) (the latter which he considers a spoken variant), could be derived from the same non-Indo-Aryan source.

cog

to cover, veil, make invisible, cause to disappear


न्यस्

head

न्यस् • (nyas)

sa-root

न्यस् • (nyas)

नि- (ni-, “out”) + अस् (as, “to throw”).

to throw or cast or lay or put down (with loc., e.g. भुवि, on the earth)


झट्

If not onomatopoeic, related to the above root.


विसृज्

head

विसृज् • (visṛj)

sa-root

विसृज् • (visṛj)


किलकिलाय

Onomatopoeic; compare Telugu కిలకిల (kilakila, “sound of laughter”).


लड्

Related to लल् (lal, “to frolic; to wag the tongue”).

to loll the tongue, put out the tongue, lick


चल्

Alternative form of चर् (car, “to move”)


व्यञ्ज्

head

व्यञ्ज् • (vyañj)

sa-root

व्यञ्ज् • (vyañj)


प्रत्यभिज्ञा

head

प्रत्यभिज्ञा • (pratyabhijñā)

sa-root

प्रत्यभिज्ञा • (pratyabhijñā)

प्रति- (prati-) + अभि- (abhi-) + ज्ञा (jñā).

com

to come to one's self, recover consciousness


रि

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to move, churn”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *rìnǫti, Old English rinnan (whence English run).

inh

(middle voice) to be shattered or dissolved, melt, become fluid, drop, flow


री

Alternative form of रि (ri, “to flow, set free”)


मच्

Probably a phonetic variant of मद् (mad, “to rejoice”).


वेल्ल्

head

वेल्ल् • (vell)

sa-root

वेल्ल् • (vell)

A late root, only attested in Classical texts and after, of uncertain origin.
Tedesco derives the root from वृत् (vṛt, “to turn, rotate”), via a series of sound changes वृत् (vṛt) > वृत्त (vṛtta) > *विट्ट (viṭṭa) > वेल्लति (vellati), relating it to वल् (val, “to turn about”).
Burrow considers the root as an ll-extension of a series of Prakrit verbs of the form [script needed] (ve-a-), relating them to वेज् (vej) and वेप् (vep, “to tremble, shake”). He also considers the "to wind around, be bent" meanings of the root to be etymologically distinct, deriving the latter from वेष्ट् (veṣṭ, “to wind or twist round”).

to shake about, tremble, sway, be tossed or agitated, stagger


प्राधी

head

प्राधी • (prādhī)

sa-root

प्राधी • (prādhī)

/pɾɑː.d̪ʱiː/

प्र- (pra-, “forward”) + अधि- (adhi-, “above”) + इ (i, “to go”).

com

to continue to study, advance in studies


हिल्

head

हिल् • (hil)

sa-root

हिल् • (hil)

Probably an artificial root, related to हिल्लोलय (hillolaya, “to swing or rock or roll about”) and हिन्दोल (hindola, “a swing, hammock”).

to sport amorously, dally, wanton, express amorous inclination


हिल्लोलय

Likely a sound-symbolic formation from a non-Indo-Aryan source. See also हिन्दोल (hindola, “swing, hammock”), लोल (lola, “shaking, swinging”), कल्लोल (kallola, “a wave, surge, billow”).


मार्ग्

head

मार्ग् • (mārg)

sa-root

मार्ग् • (mārg)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥gás
Sanskrit मृग (mṛga)vrd.
Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga)
Sanskrit मार्ग् (mārg)
A denominalized root from मार्ग (mārga, “seeking”).


वेप्

head

वेप् • (vep)

sa-root

वेप् • (vep)

Alternative form of विप् (vip, “to tremble, shake”)


वेष्ट्

head

वेष्ट् • (veṣṭ)

sa-root

वेष्ट् • (veṣṭ)

Probably related to व्ये (vye, “to envelop”) via a phonetic extension of their shared root.


व्ये

head

व्ये • (vye)

sa-root

व्ये • (vye)

From Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y- (“to twist, weave, wrap”) and thus related to Latin vieō (“to bend, twist, weave”), Lithuanian výti (“to turn, wind”), and Russian вить (vitʹ, “to wind, twist, weave”). Unrelated to वयति (váyati, “to spin, weave”), from the Sanskrit root वे (ve, “to weave”).


साध्

head

साध् • (sādh)

sa-root

साध् • (sādh)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *sáHdʰ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáHdʰ, from Proto-Indo-European *seHdʰ-; cognate with Old Armenian աջ (aǰ, “right”) and perhaps Ancient Greek ἰθύς (ithús, “straight, direct”).

सिषाधयिषति

siṣādhayiṣati, Desiderative of Causative

सिसाधयिषति

sisādhayiṣati, Desiderative of Causative

सिषाधयिषु

siṣādhayiṣu, Desiderative Participle of Causative

to go straight to any goal or aim, attain an object, to be successful, succeed, prosper


मुट्

head

मुट् • (muṭ)

sa-root

मुट् • (muṭ)

Probably borrowed from Dravidian; compare Telugu మొట్టు (moṭṭu, “to rap with the knuckles”). Perhaps also related to मुण्ट् (muṇṭ, “to crush, grind”), मूट (mūṭa, “a basket or bundle”), and Tamil முடை (muṭai, “to plait, braid”)


सिध्

De Vaan derives the root from Proto-Indo-Aryan *sáydʰ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáydʰ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱyesdʰ- (“to drive away; to go away”), and compares it to Latin cēdō (“to go, proceed”) and Avestan 𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬀𐬝 (siiazdat̰, “will chase away”).

सिषेधयिषति

siṣedhayiṣati, Desiderative of Causative

to drive off, scare away, repel, restrain, hinder


उत्तॄ

head

उत्तॄ • (uttṝ)

sa-root

उत्तॄ • (uttṝ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *úd
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ud-
Sanskrit उद्- (ud-)
Proto-Indo-European *terh₂-
Sanskrit तॄ (tṝ)
Sanskrit उत्तॄ (uttṝ)
From उद्- (ud-) + तॄ (tṝ).


गुर्

head

गुर् • (gur)

sa-root

गुर् • (gur)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to throw, reach”); compare Ancient Greek βάλλω (bállō, “to throw, cast”).


उद्गुर्

head

उद्गुर् • (udgur)

sa-root

उद्गुर् • (udgur)

to raise one's voice in a threatening manner


भ्रंश्

head

भ्रंश् • (bhraṃś)

sa-root

भ्रंश् • (bhraṃś)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenḱ- (“to deviate, corrupt, fall off”). Cognate with Tocharian B pränk- (“to stay away, restrain oneself”) and prenke (“island”), and perhaps Old Irish bréc (“lie”).

cog

to cause to fall (literally and figuratively), throw down, overthrow

to cause to disappear or be lost, destroy


चूष्

head

चूष् • (cūṣ)

sa-root

चूष् • (cūṣ)

Probably an onomatopoeic root imitative of sucking sounds; compare चुचि (cuci, “the female breast”) and चुम्ब् (cumb, “to kiss”).

to be sucked up or dried up (by internal inflammation)


मक्ष्

head

मक्ष् • (makṣ)

sa-root

मक्ष् • (makṣ)


वण्ट्

head

वण्ट् • (vaṇṭ)

sa-root

वण्ट् • (vaṇṭ)

Of unknown origin. Attempts to connect the root to Dravidian have been unsuccessful. There is a vague similarity with Chinese 頒／颁 (bān, “to confer”) and/or 分 (fēn, “to divide, distribute”). Considering the root is only attested in Classical onwards, this word was possibly borrowed from Sinitic merchants from Southern China who pronounced the word/s closer to van or ven. The ट् is problematic, however; it is perhaps an ad hoc addition to differentiate from वनोति (vanoti, meaning “to desire, love or wish for”)


ग्रथ्

ग्रन्थ् ग्रन्थ्#Sanskrit

Alternative form of ग्रन्थ् (granth, “to tie”)


घट्ट्

head

घट्ट् • (ghaṭṭ)

sa-root

घट्ट् • (ghaṭṭ)

On the basis of forms like घट्टित (ghaṭṭita), ultimately a sanskritization or vernacular forms.

to rub (the hands) over, touch, shake, cause to move


त्रुट्

head

त्रुट् • (truṭ)

sa-root

त्रुट् • (truṭ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *terd-
Sanskrit तृद् (tṛd)
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tás
Sanskrit -त (-ta)
Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (tuṭṭa)
Prakrit -𑀅𑀇 (-aï)
Prakrit 𑀝𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (ṭuṭṭaï)bor.
Sanskrit त्रुट् (truṭ)
Sanskritization of Prakrit 𑀝𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (ṭuṭṭaï, “to break”), which is itself from Sanskrit तृद् (tṛd, “to cleave, split”); see the Prakrit term for more.
Johansson and Morgenstierne attempt to connect the root to Latvian trusls (“fragile”) and Proto-Slavic *truditi (“to toil”), but Mayrhofer rejects these etymologies in favour of the Prakritism.

etymon

to be torn or split, tear, break, fall asunder


हर्य्

head

हर्य् • (hary)

sa-root

हर्य् • (hary)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰárH- (“to enjoy, like”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to yearn for”).

inh

to like, delight in, be fond of or pleased with, yearn after, long for


वप्

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)wap- (“to strew, scatter”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬝 (vīuuāpat̰, “strews apart, plunders”). The Indo-Iranian root has been derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wep(h₁)- (“to scatter, harass”), with Hittite 𒄷𒉿𒀊𒍣 (huwapp-ⁱ, “to hurl, throw; to mistreat, harass”) as a cognate. Furthermore, Hittite [script needed] (hippa-, “heap”), 𒄷𒉿𒀊𒉺𒀸 (huwappa-, “evil, badness”), Old Irish fel (“bad”) have tentatively been connected. Compare also वपा (vapā, “omentum”), वप्र (vapra, “rampart”).

cog

(especially) to strew or scatter seeds, sow

to strew, scatter, bestrew
to strew or scatter seeds, sow
to plant, put in the ground


वप्

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)wap- (“to shave, shear”). Cognate with Khotanese [script needed] (patävutta, “shaven”). The further etymology of this Indo-Iranian root is uncertain and it has tentatively been connected to Etymology 1, with Lubotsky opining that a single root existed in Indo-Iranian with both meanings.


पट्

Uncertain; perhaps from a t-extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)pelH- (“to split off, separate”) and thus related to German spalten (“to cleave”) via a sound change from *पृत् (pṛt) to पट् (paṭ).

inh

to split, burst, cleave, tear, pierce, break, pluck out, remove


उड्डी

head

उड्डी • (uḍḍī)

sa-root

उड्डी • (uḍḍī)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *uẓḍeyH-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *udᶻdeyH- (“to fly upwards or away”), from Proto-Indo-European *úd (“upwards, away”) + *deyh₁- (“to chase”). Synchronically उद्- (ud-) + डी (ḍī).


क्षै

head

क्षै • (kṣai)

sa-root

क्षै • (kṣai)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰ-eh- (“to burn”); distantly related to दह् (dah, “to burn, cauterize”).


पाल्

head

पाल् • (pāl)

sa-root

पाल् • (pāl)

A denominal root from पाल (pāla, “guard, herdsman”).

to watch, guard, protect, defend, rule, govern

to keep, maintain, observe (a promise or vow)


उत्पा

head

उत्पा • (utpā)

sa-root

उत्पा • (utpā)


शी

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-
Sanskrit शी (śī)
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-.


शी

śī (romanization)
शी (root)
शीः (nominative singular)
शियौ (dual nominative)
शियः (nominative plural)
शीः (singular vocative)
शियौ (dual vocative)
शियः (plural vocative)
शियम् (accusative singular)
शियौ (accusative dual)
शियः (accusative plural)
शिया (instrumental singular)
शीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शीभिः (instrumental plural)
शिये (dative singular)
शियै1 (dative singular)
शीभ्याम् (dative dual)
शीभ्यः (dative plural)
शियः (ablative singular)
शियाः1 (ablative singular)
शियै2 (ablative singular)
शीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शीभ्यः (ablative plural)
शियः (genitive singular)
शियाः1 (genitive singular)
शियै2 (genitive singular)
शियोः (dual genitive)
शियाम् (genitive plural)
शीनाम्1 (genitive plural)
शियि (locative singular)
शियाम्1 (locative singular)
शियोः (dual locative)
शीषु (locative plural)
शीः (nominative singular)
शियौ (dual nominative)
शियः (nominative plural)
शीः (singular vocative)
शियौ (dual vocative)
शियः (plural vocative)
शियम् (accusative singular)
शियौ (accusative dual)
शियः (accusative plural)
शिया (instrumental singular)
शीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शीभिः (instrumental plural)
शिये (dative singular)
शियै1 (dative singular)
शीभ्याम् (dative dual)
शीभ्यः (dative plural)
शियः (ablative singular)
शियाः1 (ablative singular)
शियै2 (ablative singular)
शीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शीभ्यः (ablative plural)
शियः (genitive singular)
शियाः1 (genitive singular)
शियै2 (genitive singular)
शियोः (dual genitive)
शियाम् (genitive plural)
शीनाम्1 (genitive plural)
शियि (locative singular)
शियाम्1 (locative singular)
शियोः (dual locative)
शीषु (locative plural)
शीः (nominative singular)
शियौ (dual nominative)
शियः (nominative plural)
शीः (singular vocative)
शियौ (dual vocative)
शियः (plural vocative)
शियम् (accusative singular)
शियौ (accusative dual)
शियः (accusative plural)
शिया (instrumental singular)
शीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शीभिः (instrumental plural)
शिये (dative singular)
शियै1 (dative singular)
शीभ्याम् (dative dual)
शीभ्यः (dative plural)
शियः (ablative singular)
शियाः1 (ablative singular)
शियै2 (ablative singular)
शीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शीभ्यः (ablative plural)
शियः (genitive singular)
शियाः1 (genitive singular)
शियै2 (genitive singular)
शियोः (dual genitive)
शियाम् (genitive plural)
शीनाम्1 (genitive plural)
शियि (locative singular)
शियाम्1 (locative singular)
शियोः (dual locative)
शीषु (locative plural)

(at the end of a compound) lying, resting


शी

śī (romanization)
शी (root)
शीः (nominative singular)
शियौ (dual nominative)
शियः (nominative plural)
शीः (singular vocative)
शियौ (dual vocative)
शियः (plural vocative)
शियम् (accusative singular)
शियौ (accusative dual)
शियः (accusative plural)
शिया (instrumental singular)
शीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शीभिः (instrumental plural)
शिये (dative singular)
शियै1 (dative singular)
शीभ्याम् (dative dual)
शीभ्यः (dative plural)
शियः (ablative singular)
शियाः1 (ablative singular)
शियै2 (ablative singular)
शीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शीभ्यः (ablative plural)
शियः (genitive singular)
शियाः1 (genitive singular)
शियै2 (genitive singular)
शियोः (dual genitive)
शियाम् (genitive plural)
शीनाम्1 (genitive plural)
शियि (locative singular)
शियाम्1 (locative singular)
शियोः (dual locative)
शीषु (locative plural)


शी

Of unclear origin. The root has been brought into a suppletive relationship with शत् (śat, “to hew”) and शद् (śad, “to fall, fall off”), with older theories entertaining a possible relation with either root, particularly शत् (śat), but this is uncertain. Other theories linking the root to श्यै (śyai, “to congeal, freeze”) have caused controversy.


व्यथ्

Related to विथुर (vithura, “staggering”) and Avestan 𐬬𐬌𐬚𐬎𐬭𐬀 (viθura, “shakeable”), with further origin unclear. The root is generally thought to be of Indo-European origin, and is traditionally compared with Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌸𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 (wiþōndans, “shaking”); however, the hapax status of the Gothic term makes this comparison difficult to analyze. Schwartz and Malkiel analyze the root as a combination of वि- (vi-) + *अथ् (ath, “to vacillate”) and connect the root to अतिथि (atithi, “guest”), but make no claims as to the supposed origin of *अथ्.

to tremble, waver, go astray, come to naught, fail

to cease, become ineffective (as poison)

to be agitated or disturbed in mind, be restless or sorrowful or unhappy


प्रशम्

head

प्रशम् • (praśam)

sa-root

प्रशम् • (praśam)

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti

to be allayed or extinguished, cease, disappear, fade away


मू

Probably related to मूत (mūta, “bound; a woven basket”), as well as Proto-Iranian *mauda- (“hair”) (whence Persian مو (mu, “hair”)). Possibly related to मीव् (mīv, “to move”) as a form of "setting in motion by pushing and pressing (binding actions)".


मू

mū (romanization)
मूः (nominative singular)
मुवौ (dual nominative)
मुवः (nominative plural)
मूः (singular vocative)
मुवौ (dual vocative)
मुवः (plural vocative)
मुवम् (accusative singular)
मुवौ (accusative dual)
मुवः (accusative plural)
मुवा (instrumental singular)
मूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मूभिः (instrumental plural)
मुवे (dative singular)
मुवै1 (dative singular)
मूभ्याम् (dative dual)
मूभ्यः (dative plural)
मुवः (ablative singular)
मुवाः1 (ablative singular)
मुवै2 (ablative singular)
मूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मूभ्यः (ablative plural)
मुवः (genitive singular)
मुवाः1 (genitive singular)
मुवै2 (genitive singular)
मुवोः (dual genitive)
मुवाम् (genitive plural)
मूनाम्1 (genitive plural)
मुवि (locative singular)
मुवाम्1 (locative singular)
मुवोः (dual locative)
मूषु (locative plural)


मीव्

head

मीव् • (mīv)

sa-root

मीव् • (mīv)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *míHw-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *míHw-, from Proto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁- (“to move”). Cognate with English move.


श्यै

head

श्यै • (śyai)

sa-root

श्यै • (śyai)

Related to Ossetian суюн (sujun, “freeze”). Outside of Indo-Iranian, perhaps related to Lithuanian šešélis (“shade, shadow”) or Ancient Greek κιέλλη (kiéllē). Historically, श्याम (śyāma, “dark”) and शिशिर (śiśira, “cool”) were connected to this root but this may be folk etymology.


आरुह्

head

आरुह् • (āruh)

sa-root

आरुह् • (āruh)

c. 1000, Somadeva, Kathāsaritsāgara

Kum


उज्झ्

head

उज्झ् • (ujjh)

sa-root

उज्झ् • (ujjh)


ध्यै

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰyaH- (“to see”), and cognate with Persian دیدن (didan, “to see, look”). The origin of the root is uncertain, but may derive further from Proto-Indo-European *dʰyeh₂- (“to see”) and thus be cognate with Ancient Greek σῆμα (sêma, “sign, token”) and Albanian di (“knows”).

cog

to think of, imagine, contemplate, meditate on, call to mind, recollect


गर्द्

head

गर्द् • (gard)

sa-root

गर्द् • (gard)

Possibly related to गर्दभ (gardabha) or गूर्द् (gūrd); see those entries for more.

to cry, sound, roar, shout, give shouts of joy, exult


तञ्च्

head

तञ्च् • (tañc)

sa-root

तञ्च् • (tañc)

From Proto-Indo-European *tenk- (“to pull together, coagulate, solidify, compact”). Cognate with Persian تنجیدن (tanjidan, “to squeeze, twist”), Old Armenian թանձր (tʻanjr, “thick, dense”), English tight, Old Norse þéttr (“close, thick”), Old Irish técht (“solidified”), Lithuanian tánkus (“thick, dense”).


अभ्यस्

अभ्य्- (abhy-, “combining form of अभि- (abhi-, “towards, over”)”) + अस् (as, “to throw”).

com

combining form of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">अभि-</i> (abhi-, “towards, over”)

to cause to practice or study, teach commentary on


ऋघाय

head

ऋघाय • (ṛghāya)

sa-root

ऋघाय • (ṛghāya)

/r̩.ɡʱɑː.jɐ/

/r̩.ɡʱɑː.jɐ/

Probably from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥gʰaHy-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ergʰ- (“to move”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔρχομαι (érkhomai, “to go, come”), ὀρχέομαι (orkhéomai, “to dance, leap”); probably not related to Proto-Germanic *argaz (“unmanly, effeminate, cowardly”).


मिष्

head

मिष् • (miṣ)

sa-root

मिष् • (miṣ)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mayš- (“to blink, wink”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyg⁽ʷ⁾ʰ- (“to blink, cover (the eyes)”). Cognate with Persian مژه (može, “eyelash”), Lithuanian miẽgas (“sleep”), Proto-Slavic *měžiti (“to close one's eyes”).


सप्

From Proto-Indo-European *sep- (“to care for”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἕπω (hépō, “to busy oneself with”), Latin sepeliō (“to bury, inter”). See also सपर्य (saparya, “to serve attentively, honor”).


सपर्य

From Proto-Indo-European *sep-el-yé (“to honor”), a derivative of *sep-el- (“honor”), from *sep- (“to care for”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἕπω (hépō, “to busy oneself with”), Latin sepeliō (“to bury, inter”). See also सप् (sap, “to honor”).

inh

to serve attentively, honor, worship, adore


क्षल्

head

क्षल् • (kṣal)

sa-root

क्षल् • (kṣal)

Probably a variant of (or at least influenced by) क्षर् (kṣar), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gẓʰar-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gžʰar-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰer-. If not that, then from Proto-Indo-European *kʷsel-, whence Old Norse skola (“to wash”).

क्षर् क्षर्#Sanskrit


प्रक्षल्

head

प्रक्षल् • (prakṣal)

sa-root

प्रक्षल् • (prakṣal)


निर्मा

head

निर्मा • (nirmā)

sa-root

निर्मा • (nirmā)

निर्- (nir-, “combining form of निस् (nis, “out”)”) + मा (mā, “to measure”).

affix

combining form of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">निस्</i> (nis, “out”)


अवयु

अव- (ava-, “ab-, away”) + यु (yu, “to separate”).


आह्वे

head

आह्वे • (āhve)

sa-root

आह्वे • (āhve)

to call to (especially in rites said of the Hotṛ, who addresses the Adhvaryu by the Ā-hāva or Ā-hvāna)


कूर्द्

head

कूर्द् • (kūrd)

sa-root

कूर्द् • (kūrd)

Of unclear origin. Possibly related to गूर्द् (gūrd, “to play, leap”) and/or from Proto-Indo-European *kerd- (“to swing”), whence perhaps Ancient Greek κραδάω (kradáō, “to swing, brandish”), Old English hratian (“to rush, hasten”), German scherzen (“to joke, jest, frolic”), and Welsh cerdded (“to walk”). A borrowing from Dravidian has also been suggested by Turner and Kuiper, but is not preferred to the above etymology; compare Tamil குதி (kuti, “to jump”).


गूर्द्

head

गूर्द् • (gūrd)

sa-root

गूर्द् • (gūrd)

Of unclear origin. Attempts to connect the root to कूर्द् (kūrd, “to leap”) or गर्द् (gard, “to cry, exult”) (whence perhaps गर्दभ (gardabha, “ass, donkey”)) are fraught with difficulties.


शुण्ठ्

head

शुण्ठ् • (śuṇṭh)

sa-root

शुण्ठ् • (śuṇṭh)

Of unclear origin. Possibly related to शुष्क (śuṣka, “dried up”) via a series of sound changes शुष्क (śuṣka) > *शुष्ट (śuṣṭa) > *शुट्ठ (śuṭṭha) > शुण्ठ् (śuṇṭh). Other theories link the root to Dravidian; compare Tamil சுண்டு (cuṇṭu, “to dry up”), Telugu చుండు (cuṇḍu, “to be evaporated or dried up”)


उच्चि

head

उच्चि • (ucci)

sa-root

उच्चि • (ucci)

उच्- (uc-, “combining form of उद्- (ud-)”) + चि (ci).

affix

combining form of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">उद्-</i> (ud-)


परिचि

परि (pari) + चि (ci, “to pile up, collect”).

to heap up, accumulate, augment, increase


परिचि

परि (pari) + चि (ci, “observe, investigate”).

to find out, know, learn, exercise, practice, become acquainted with


कुत्स्

head

कुत्स् • (kuts)

sa-root

कुत्स् • (kuts)

Probably a denominal of कुत्स (kutsa, “the Rishi Kutsa”), itself perhaps from the same root as कुतस् (kutas, “from whom? where?”)


ज्वल्

head

ज्वल् • (jval)

sa-root

ज्वल् • (jval)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH-
Sanskrit ज्वल् (jval)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́wal-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́wal-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- (“to burn, to glow”). Cognate with Lithuanian žvìlti, Old English col (whence English coal). Related to the root ज्वर् (jvar, “to be feverish”).

inh

to set on fire, light, kindle, make radiant, illuminate


ज्वर्

head

ज्वर् • (jvar)

sa-root

ज्वर् • (jvar)

Related to the root ज्वल् (jval, “to blaze”).


मल्

Of unclear origin. Generally related to मलन (malana, “crushing, grinding”), though the semantic gap between "grinding" > "obtaining" > "having" is non-trivial.


मल्ल्

head

मल्ल् • (mall)

sa-root

मल्ल् • (mall)


प्रारभ्

head

प्रारभ् • (prārabh)

sa-root

प्रारभ् • (prārabh)


सूच्

head

सूच् • (sūc)

sa-root

सूच् • (sūc)

Denominal root from सूची (sūcī, “needle”).

to point out, indicate, show, manifest, reveal, betray

(drama) to indicate by gesture, communicate by signs, represent


म्रक्ष्

head

म्रक्ष् • (mrakṣ)

sa-root

म्रक्ष् • (mrakṣ)

Mayrhofer relates the root to मृच् (mṛc, “to hurt, injure, annoy”); on the other hand, he relates मृक्ष् (mṛkṣ), generally considered an alternative form, to a different root, मृज् (mṛj, “to wipe, rub, cleanse”).


तुर्व्

head

तुर्व् • (turv)

sa-root

तुर्व् • (turv)

From Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂-welo, from *terh₂- (“to pass through, overcome”), and related to तॄ (tṝ, “to pass across”).

to cause to overpower, help to victory, save


ध्रज्

Mayrhofer is skeptical of assigning any etymology to the root. He seems to have a preference for linking the root to Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to run, drag, pull”), but notes that any evidence for a connection looks to be arbitrary.
On the other hand, Orel indirectly notes a derivation from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰráȷ́-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰráȷ́-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreǵ- (“to glide, swoop”), and connects the root to Lithuanian drė́gti (“to become moist”) and English drink.


वण्

Has been compared to वाण (vāṇa, “sound, music”). However, Mayrhofer rejects this comparison, and leaves the origin open.


क्ष्वेल्

head

क्ष्वेल् • (kṣvel)

sa-root

क्ष्वेल् • (kṣvel)

Probably either or a mix of:
* a Sanskritization of Prakrit 𑀔𑁂𑀮𑁆 (khĕl), for which see खेल् (khel, “to play”) for more.
* a variant Sanskritization of क्वेल् (kvel), from Prakrit *𑀓𑁂𑀮𑁆 (*kĕl) (compare keḷi f (“play”)), from or related to क्रीड् (krīḍ).


हेष्

head

हेष् • (heṣ)

sa-root

हेष् • (heṣ)

Probably onomatopoeic. See also ह्रेष् (hreṣ, “to neigh”).


ह्रेष्

head

ह्रेष् • (hreṣ)

sa-root

ह्रेष् • (hreṣ)

Probably onomatopoeic. See also हेष् (heṣ, “to neigh”).


उत्सू

head

उत्सू • (utsū)

sa-root

उत्सू • (utsū)

उद्- (ud-, “over, upon”) + सू (sū, “to set in motion”).


विवृ

head

विवृ • (vivṛ)

sa-root

विवृ • (vivṛ)

वि- (vi-, “away, division prefix”) + वृ (vṛ, “to cover”).

affix

to uncover, spread out, open, display, show, reveal, manifest


ऊह्

In some forms and meanings, probably related to influenced by वह् (vah). Possible cognate with Ancient Greek ὠθέω (ōthéō, “to push”).


ऊह्

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁wegʷʰ-. Traditionally connected to the above root.


स्खल्

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *skHal-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *skHal-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)gʷʰh₂el-.


संगम्

head

संगम् • (saṃgam)

sa-root

संगम् • (saṃgam)


मव्

Alternative form of मू (mū, “to bind, tie, fix”)


मव्य्

head

मव्य् • (mavy)

sa-root

मव्य् • (mavy)


निविश्

head

निविश् • (niviś)

sa-root

निविश् • (niviś)

नि- (ni-) + विश् (viś), with the latter part from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wayć-, from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ-.


बृह्

head

बृह् • (bṛh)

sa-root

बृह् • (bṛh)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰŕ̥ȷ́ʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise up”).


अह्

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hadʰ. Cognate with Old Avestan 𐬁𐬛𐬁 (ādā, “I say”), 𐬁𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬇 (ādarə̄, “they say”). Unrelated to Latin aiō.


लिप्

head

लिप् • (lip)

sa-root

लिप् • (lip)

From zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *leyp-.


तन्द्

head

तन्द् • (tand)

sa-root

तन्द् • (tand)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *tand-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tand-, from Proto-Indo-European *tend-.

प्रप्र॑ पू॒ष्णस्तु॑विजा॒तस्य॑ शस्यते महि॒त्वम॑स्य त॒वसो॒ न त॑न्दते स्तो॒त्रम॑स्य॒ न त॑न्दते।
अर्चा॑मि सुम्न॒यन्न॒हमन्त्यू॑तिं मयो॒भुव॑म्।
विश्व॑स्य॒ यो मन॑ आयुयु॒वे म॒खो दे॒व आ॑युयु॒वे म॒खः॥
pra-pra pūṣṇas tuvijātasya śasyate mahitvam asya tavaso na tandate stotram asya na tandate.
arcāmi sumnayann aham antyūtim mayobhuvam.
viśvasya yo mana āyuyuve makho deva āyuyuve makhaḥ.

Seeking felicity I laud him nigh to help, the source, of bliss,
Who, Vigorous one, hath drawn to him the hearts of all, drawn them, the Vigorous One, the God.

Strong Pūṣan's majesty is lauded evermore, the glory of his lordly might is never faint, his song of praise is never faint.


लुप्

head

लुप् • (lup)

sa-root

लुप् • (lup)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrawp-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrawp-, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *reufaną and Latin rumpō.


वर्त्

head

वर्त् • (vart)

sa-root

वर्त् • (vart)


संवृत्

head

संवृत् • (saṃvṛt)

sa-root

संवृत् • (saṃvṛt)

/s̪ɐ̃.ʋr̩t̪/

From सम्- (sam-, “with”) + वृत् (vṛt, “to turn; to move”).


जंह्

head

जंह् • (jaṃh)

sa-root

जंह् • (jaṃh)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ-
Sanskrit जंह् (jaṃh)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ-.


अभिवृत्

head

अभिवृत् • (abhivṛt)

sa-root

अभिवृत् • (abhivṛt)

desc

>? Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀪𑀺𑀝𑁆 (*bhiṭ, “to meet, fight”) (see there for further descendants)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂énts?
Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Habʰí
Sanskrit अभि- (abhi-)
Proto-Indo-European *wert-
Sanskrit वृत् (vṛt)
Sanskrit अभिवृत् (abhivṛt)
From अभि- (abhi-, “towards, to”) + वृत् (vṛt, “to turn”).


श्वि

head

श्वि • (śvi)

sa-root

श्वि • (śvi)


उत्सृज्

head

उत्सृज् • (utsṛj)

sa-root

उत्सृज् • (utsṛj)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *úd
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ud-
Sanskrit उद्- (ud-)
Proto-Indo-European *selǵ-
Sanskrit सृज् (sṛj)
Sanskrit उत्सृज् (utsṛj)
From उद्- (ud-, “out”) + सृज् (sṛj, “let go”).


आवृ

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Sanskrit आ (ā)
Sanskrit आ- (ā-)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer-
Proto-Indo-European *wer-?
Sanskrit वृ (vṛ)
Sanskrit आवृ (āvṛ)
From आ- (ā-) + वृ (vṛ, “to cover”).


आकृष्

head

आकृष् • (ākṛṣ)

sa-root

आकृष् • (ākṛṣ)

Compound of आ (ā, “towards”) + कृष् (kṛṣ, “to pull”).


उपविश्

head

उपविश् • (upaviś)

sa-root

उपविश् • (upaviś)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit उप- (upa-)
Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ-
Sanskrit विश् (viś)
Sanskrit उपविश् (upaviś)
From उप- (upa-) + विश् (viś).


प्रेक्ष्

head

प्रेक्ष् • (prekṣ)

sa-root

प्रेक्ष् • (prekṣ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *pro-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-
Sanskrit प्र- (pra-)
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷsder.
Sanskrit ईक्ष् (īkṣ)
Sanskrit प्रेक्ष् (prekṣ)
From प्र- (pra-) + ईक्ष् (īkṣ).


भिक्ष्

head

भिक्ष् • (bhikṣ)

sa-root

भिक्ष् • (bhikṣ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Sanskrit भज् (bhaj)
Sanskrit भिक्ष् (bhikṣ)
From the desiderative verb of the root भज् (bhaj, “to divide, allot”).


प्रघृ

head

प्रघृ • (praghṛ)

sa-root

प्रघृ • (praghṛ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *pro-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-
Sanskrit प्र- (pra-)
Sanskrit घृ (ghṛ)
Sanskrit प्रघृ (praghṛ)
From प्र- (pra-) + घृ (ghṛ).


ऊर्ज्

head

ऊर्ज् • (ūrj)

sa-root

ऊर्ज् • (ūrj)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂werg- (“to turn”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀργάω (orgáō), Latin vergō, the source of English converge etc.


ऊर्ज्

ūrj (romanization)
ऊर्क् (nominative singular)
ऊर्जी (dual nominative)
ऊर्जि (nominative plural)
ऊर्क् (singular vocative)
ऊर्जी (dual vocative)
ऊर्जि (plural vocative)
ऊर्क् (accusative singular)
ऊर्जी (accusative dual)
ऊर्जि (accusative plural)
ऊर्जा (instrumental singular)
ऊर्ग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऊर्ग्भिः (instrumental plural)
ऊर्जे (dative singular)
ऊर्ग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
ऊर्ग्भ्यः (dative plural)
ऊर्जः (ablative singular)
ऊर्ग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऊर्ग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
ऊर्जः (genitive singular)
ऊर्जोः (dual genitive)
ऊर्जाम् (genitive plural)
ऊर्जि (locative singular)
ऊर्जोः (dual locative)
ऊर्क्षु (locative plural)


भूष्

head

भूष् • (bhūṣ)

sa-root

भूष् • (bhūṣ)

to strive after, use efforts for, be intent upon (with dative case)


सूर्क्ष्

head

सूर्क्ष् • (sūrkṣ)

sa-root

सूर्क्ष् • (sūrkṣ)

Apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *surgʰ-s-, perhaps from *swergʰ- (“to take care of; to be ill”), and cognate with Proto-Germanic *surgō (“worry, care, sorrow”), though this is not entirely certain.


धूप्

head

धूप् • (dhūp)

sa-root

धूप् • (dhūp)


तंस्

head

तंस् • (taṃs)

sa-root

तंस् • (taṃs)

From Proto-Indo-European *tens- (“to stretch”). Compare Proto-Germanic *þinsaną (“to stretch”), Lithuanian tę̃sti (“to stretch out, continue, extend”).


तृक्ष्

head

तृक्ष् • (tṛkṣ)

sa-root

तृक्ष् • (tṛkṣ)


इन्द्

head

इन्द् • (ind)

sa-root

इन्द् • (ind)


मील्

head

मील् • (mīl)

sa-root

मील् • (mīl)


सम्मील्

head

सम्मील् • (sammīl)

sa-root

सम्मील् • (sammīl)


आगम्

head

आगम् • (āgam)

sa-root

आगम् • (āgam)


दंश्

head

दंश् • (daṃś)

sa-root

दंश् • (daṃś)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *danś-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *danć-, from Proto-Indo-European *denḱ- (“to bite”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δάκνω (dáknō), German Zange.


तर्ज्

head

तर्ज् • (tarj)

sa-root

तर्ज् • (tarj)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *tarȷ́-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tarǰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *tergʷ-.


प्रत्याक्रुश्

head

प्रत्याक्रुश् • (pratyākruś)

sa-root

प्रत्याक्रुश् • (pratyākruś)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.
Sanskrit प्रति- (prati-)
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Sanskrit आ (ā)
Sanskrit आ- (ā-)
Proto-Indo-Iranian *krawć-
Sanskrit क्रुश् (kruś)
Sanskrit प्रत्याक्रुश् (pratyākruś)
From प्रति- (prati-) + आ- (ā-) + क्रुश् (kruś).

af

प्रत्याक्रोशेद् इहाक्रुष्टस् ताडितः प्रतिताडयेत् ।

The abused at may swear back, the beaten up may hit back.

pratyākrośed ihākruṣṭas tāḍitaḥ pratitāḍayet.


उत्था

head

उत्था • (utthā)

sa-root

उत्था • (utthā)

[ut̪̚.t̪ʰɑː]

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *úd
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ud-
Sanskrit उद्- (ud-)
Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-
Sanskrit स्था (sthā)
Sanskrit उत्था (utthā)
From उद्- (ud-) + स्था (sthā).


आक्रन्द्

head

आक्रन्द् • (ākrand)

sa-root

आक्रन्द् • (ākrand)

आक्रन्दय धनपते वरम् आमनसङ् कृणु ।
सर्वम् प्रदक्षिणङ् कृणु यो वरः प्रतिकाम्यः ॥
ākrandaya dhanapate varam āmanasaṅ kṛṇu.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 2.36.6

Call out to him, O Lord of Wealth! Make the lover well-inclined.
Beseat each on your right who is a desirable lover.

sarvam pradakṣiṇaṅ kṛṇu yo varaḥ pratikāmyaḥ.