raven

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-raven (not bird).wav

From Middle English ravene, ravine, from Old French raviner (“rush, seize by force”), itself from ravine (“rapine”), from Latin rapīna (“plundering, loot”), itself from rapere (“seize, plunder, abduct”).

der

ravin (alternative)
ravine (alternative)


august

en-adj

august (comparative auguster or more august, superlative augustest or most august)

auguster (comparative)
more august (comparative)
augustest (superlative)
most august (superlative)

From French auguste (“noble, stately; august”) or Latin augustus (“majestic, venerable, august; imperial, royal”), from augeō (“to augment, increase; to enlarge, expand, spread”). Doublet of Augustus.

der

an august patron of the arts

In the book of Pſalms there are many things ſaid of David, which ſeem capable of a much auguſter ſenſe than can be pretended to be anſwered by any thing that befel himſelf.

1796, Gilbert Bishop of Sarum [i.e., Gilbert Burnet], “Article VII. Of the Old Testament.”, in An Exposition of the XXXIX Articles of the Church of England, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 123:

[W]e shall not, I think, be able to find language which can convey in few words more fully the idea we should always have impressed on our minds of the august character of our Lord, than the expression, "the word of life."

1837 August 31, William Sollis, A Sermon, Preached in Holsworthy Church on Thursday, August 31, 1837, at the Anniversaries of the Societies for Promoting Christian Knowledge, and for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts. […], Launceston, Cornwall: Penheale-Press, Rev. H. A. Simcoe, →OCLC, page 7:

The commands of the august sovereign are the imperial commands, or the phœnix (the incomparable) mandate.

1841, E[lijah] C[oleman] Bridgman, “Governmental Affairs”, in A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, Macao: S[amuel] Wells Williams, →OCLC, section second (Imperial Titles), page 558:

—Inconsciously to the augustest end / Thou hast arisen: second not in rank / So much as time, to him who first ordained / That Florence, thou art to destroy, should be— […]

1846, Robert Browning, “Luria”, in Bells and Pomegranates, volumes VIII (Luria; and A Soul’s Tragedy), London: Edward Moxon, →OCLC; republished in Poems … In Two Volumes, new edition, volume II, London: Chapman & Hall, […], 1849, →OCLC, act IV, page 192:

The foolish dog […] flew at the cat, who in her fright and consternation took refuge behind the screen of the breakfast-room where his Majesty then was. The Mikado was greatly shocked and agitated. He took the cat into his august bosom, and summoning the chamberlain Tadataka, gave orders that Okinamaro should have a good thrashing and be banished to Dog Island at once.

1899, Sei Shōnagon, “Makura Zōshi [The Attack of the Dog Okinamaro upon the Cat Miyōbu no Otodo]”, in W[illiam] G[eorge] Aston, A History of Japanese Literature, London: William Heinemann, →OCLC, page 111:

For once the story was not about Jamie Vardy, unable to equal Jimmy Dunne's top-flight record of scoring in a dozen consecutive games, but about his august deputy Riyad Mahrez.

2015 December 5, Alan Smith, “Leicester City back on top as Riyad Mahrez hat-trick downs Swansea City”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2017-03-29:

Countless proposals flooded in, sent by sources as august as the World Academy of Sciences and as humble as elementary schools.

2016, Liu Cixin, translated by Ken Liu, Death's End, Tor, translation of 死神永生, →ISBN, page 280:

Awe-inspiring, majestic, noble, venerable.

ца́рствен

awe-inspiring, majestic, noble, venerable


synonym

synonyms (plural)
synonime (alternative obsolete)
synonyme (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English sinonyme, from Latin synōnymum, from Ancient Greek συνώνυμον (sunṓnumon), neuter singular form of συνώνυμος (sunṓnumos, “synonymous”), from σύν (sún, “with”) + ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”). By surface analysis, syn- + -onym.

“Happy” is a synonym of “glad”.

The proportion of English words that have an exact synonym is small.

1991, William T. Parry, Edward A. Hacker, Aristotelian Logic:

(semantics, loosely) A word or phrase with a meaning that is the same as, or very similar to, another word or phrase.

(taxonomy) Any of the various names that could in theory be used for a taxon in accordance with the relevant rules.

(taxonomy, informal) The subset of those names other than the one to be used according to the rules.

(taxonomy, by extension) Any name that has been applied to a taxon other than the one to be used, including those not allowed by the rules such as misspellings or nomina nuda.

Synonyms are part of the SQL standard and are used frequently by Oracle DBAs. Note that Oracle includes both private and public synonyms.

2011, Paul Nielsen, Uttam Parui, Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Bible:

(databases) An alternative (often shorter) name defined for an object in a database.


minute

Tok Pisin: minit

→ Baluchi: منٹ (minaṭṭ)

→ Bengali: মিনিট (miniṭ)

→ Burmese: မိနစ် (mi.nac)

→ Central Dusun: minit

→ Chichewa: miniti

→ Fiji Hindi: minit

→ Fijian: miniti

→ Gujarati: મિનિટ (miniṭ)

→ Hausa: minti

→ Hindi: मिनट (minaṭ)

→ Indonesian: menit

→ Malay: minit

→ Malayalam: മിനിറ്റ് (miniṟṟŭ)

→ Maori: miniti

→ Marathi: मिनिट (miniṭ)

→ Nepali: मिनेट (mineṭ)

→ Odia: ମିନଟ (minaṭa)

→ Pashto: منټ (minëṭ)

→ Punjabi: ਮਿਨਟ (minaṭ)

→ Sinhalese: මිනිත්තුව (minittuwa)

→ Urdu: مِنَٹ (minaṭ)

From Middle English mynute, minute, mynet, from Old French minute, from Medieval Latin minūta (“60th of an hour; note”). Doublet of menu and menudo.

You have twenty minutes to complete the test.

A unit of time which is one sixtieth of an hour (sixty seconds).

Tell her, that I some Certainty may bring; / I go this minute to attend the king.

րոպե

unit of angular measure — see also minute of angle

Oh, I ain't heard that song in a minute!

“Man, I haven’t seen you in a minute,” he says, smiling still. “Maybe like two, three years ago?”

2010, Kenneth Ring, Letters from Palestine, page 18:

I seen Too$hort up there. Me and $hort ain't talked in a minute.

RON:I remember my first. I was a minute younger than you. […]I remember thinking, saying to myself..."This is the first time I'm eating as a person who killed someone."

2016 November 8, Ben Katai, Josh Corbin, Sharon Lennon, directed by Ben Katai, StartUp(Recapitalization) (StartUp (TV series)), season 1, episode 10 (TV), spoken by Ronald Dacey (Edi Gathegi):

(slang, US, Canada, dialectal) A while or a long unspecified period of time.


merchandise

en-verb

merchandise (third-person singular simple present merchandises, present participle merchandising, simple past and past participle merchandised)

merchandises (present singular third-person)
merchandising (participle present)
merchandised (participle past)
merchandised (past)
merchandize (alternative)
merchaundise (alternative)
merchaundize (alternative)
mdse (alternative)

From Middle English marchaundisen (“to engage in commerce, traffic”), from marchaundise (noun) (see etymology 1) + -en (suffix forming the infinitive of verbs).

inh

(intransitive, archaic) To engage in trade; to carry on commerce.


name

en-verb

name (third-person singular simple present names, present participle naming, simple past and past participle named)

names (present singular third-person)
naming (participle present)
named (participle past)
named (past)

From Middle English namen, from Old English namian (“to name, mention”) and ġenamian (“to name, call, appoint”), from Proto-West Germanic *namōn (“to name”). Compare also Old English nemnan, nemnian (“to name, give a name to a person or thing”).

my very easy method just speeds up naming planets

The painter was named as an accomplice.

(transitive) To publicly implicate by name.


abject

en-adj

abject (comparative abjecter or more abject, superlative abjectest or most abject)

abjecter (comparative)
more abject (comparative)
abjectest (superlative)
most abject (superlative)

/ˈæbˌd͡ʒɛkt/

PIE word
 *h₂epó
The adjective is derived from Late Middle English abiect, abject (adjective) [and other forms], from Middle French abject (modern French abject, abjet (obsolete)), and from its etymon Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast aside”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of abiciō (“to discard, throw away”), from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away from’) + iaciō (“to throw”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)).
The noun is derived from the adjective.
Cognates
* Italian abiecto (obsolete), abietto
* Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)
* Spanish abjecto (obsolete), abyecto

cog

abject failure   abject nonsense   abject terror

Lord Howard of Escrick accused [John] Ayloffe of proposing to assassinate the Duke of York; but Lord Howard was an abject liar; and this story was not part of his original confession, but was added afterwards by way of supplement, and therefore deserves no credit whatever.

1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter V, in The History of England from the Accession of James II, volume I, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, footnote *, page 527:

I flung myself before him on my knees, and with floods of tears besought him to release me from this engagement, assuring him that my cowardice was abject, and that in every point of intellect and character I was his hopeless and derisible inferior.

1885, Robert Louis Stevenson, Fanny Van de Grift Stevenson, “Story of the Destroying Angel”, in More New Arabian Nights: The Dynamiter, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 45:

(chiefly with a negative connotation) Complete; downright; utter.


ablative

From Middle English ablative, ablatife, ablatyf, ablatif, from Old French ablatif (“the ablative case”), from Latin ablātīvus (“expressing removal”), from ablātus (“taken away”), from auferō (“I take away”). The engineering/nautical sense originates from ablate + -ive.

der

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

(grammar) Applied to one of the cases of the noun in some languages, the fundamental meaning of the case being removal, separation, or taking away, and to a lesser degree, instrument, place, accordance, specifications, price, or measurement.

ablatibo

applied to one of the cases of the noun in other language

Where the heart is forestalled with misopinion, ablative directions are found needful to unteach error, ere we can learn truth.

1622, Joseph Hall, The Works of Joseph Hall: Sermons, page 123:

(archaic) Pertaining to taking away or removing.

The inner layer of warship protection consists of ablative armor plate designed to "boil away" when heated. The vaporized armor material scatters a DEW beam, rendering it ineffectual.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Weapons: Ablative Armor Codex entry:

(engineering, nautical, astronautics) Sacrificial, wearing away or being destroyed in order to protect the underlying material, as in ablative paints used for antifouling, or ablative heat shields used to protect spacecraft during reentry. .

(geology) Relating to the erosion of a land mass; relating to the melting or evaporation of a glacier.


ablegate

Borrowed from French ablégate, from Latin ablēgātus, perfect passive participle of ablēgō (“I send off or away; banish”), from ab (“from, away from”) + lēgō (“I dispatch, send on a commission”). See legate.

(Roman Catholicism) A representative of the pope charged with important commissions in foreign countries, one of his duties being to bring to a newly named cardinal his insignia of office.

ablegaat

representative of the pope in foreign countries


abrogate

/ˈæ.bɹə.ɡət/

/ˈæb.ɹəˌɡət/

/ˈæb.ɹəʊ.ɡeɪt/

/ˈæb.ɹoʊˌɡeɪt/

/ˈæb.ɹəˌɡeɪt/

First attested in 1526, from Middle English abrogat (“abolished”), from Latin abrogātus, perfect passive participle of abrogō (“repeal”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), formed from ab (“away”) + rogō (“ask, inquire, propose”). See rogation.

Where hunters and woodcutters once slept in their boots by the dying light of their thousand fires and went on, old teutonic forebears with eyes incandesced by the visionary light of a massive rapacity, wave on wave of the violent and insane, their brains stoked with spoorless analogues of all that was, lean aryans with their abrogate semitic chapbook reenacting the dramas and parables therein and mindless and pale with a longing that nothing save dark's total restitution could appease.

1979, Cormac McCarthy, Suttree, Random House, page 4:


absent

en-verb

absent (third-person singular simple present absents, present participle absenting, simple past and past participle absented)

absents (present singular third-person)
absenting (participle present)
absented (participle past)
absented (past)
abs. (alternative)

From Middle English absenten, from Old French absenter, from Late Latin absentāre (“keep away, be away”).

der

The iron rule of the plantation, always passionately and violently enforced in that neighborhood, makes flogging the penalty of failing to be in the field before sunrise in the morning, unless special permission be given to the absenting slave.

1855, Frederick Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom. […], New York, Auburn, N.Y.: Miller, Orton & Mulligan […], →OCLC:

(intransitive, obsolete) Stay away; withdraw.


Polish

Vinokur pulled the trigger a second and third time. "You're lying, you Polish cunt!" he screamed.

2007, Elazar Barkan, Elizabeth A. Cole, Kai Struve, Shared History, Divided Memory, page 287:

As we mentioned the only chemical used in Polish meats or sausages was potassium nitrate even though the list of food additives allowed in Europe was long and impressive.

2009, Stanley Marianski, Adam Marianski, Miroslaw Gebarowski, Polish Sausages: Authentic Recipes and Instructions, page 13:

A far-right Polish MP has extinguished candles on a menorah lit for Hanukah in Poland’s parliament, disrupting proceedings before a planned vote of confidence in the new government.

2023 December 12, Shaun Walker, “Far-right Polish MP uses fire extinguisher to put out Hanukah candles”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

Of, from or native to Poland, or relating to the Polish language.

pollanda

relating to inhabitants of Poland; citizens

პოლონური

relating to everything except the people


Polish

A breed of chickens with a large crest of feathers.


can

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-can.wav

From Middle English canne, from Old English canne (“glass, container, cup, can”), from Proto-Germanic *kannǭ (“can, tankard, mug, cup”).

kanaçe

a more or less cylindrical vessel for liquids

blik

general term; not normally used for small drink cans

necesejo

non-offensive slang for toilet — see also toilet


number

numbers (plural)
nummer (alternative dialectal)
numbre (alternative obsolete)

Tok Pisin: namba

→ Brunei Malay: numbur

→ Burmese: နံပါတ် (nampat)

→ Hindustani: नंबर (nambar) / نمبر (nambar)

→ Japanese: ナンバー (nanbā)

→ Kikuyu: namba

→ Malay: nombor

Indonesian: nomor

→ Maori: nama

→ Navajo: námboo

→ Papiamentu: number

→ Palauan: lambang

→ Swahili: nambari, namba

→ Yoruba: nọ́ḿbà

From Middle English number, nombre, numbre, noumbre, from Anglo-Norman noumbre, Old French nombre, from Latin numerus (“number”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nem- (“to divide”). Compare Saterland Frisian Nummer, Nuumer, West Frisian nûmer, Dutch nummer (“number”), German Nummer (“number”), Danish nummer (“number”), Swedish nummer (“number”), Icelandic númer (“number”). Replaced Middle English ȝetæl and rime, more at tell, tale and rhyme.

رَقْم

used to show the rank of something in a list or sequence

The equation e#123;i#92;pi#125;#43;1#61;0 includes the most important numbers: 1, 0, #92;pi, i, and e.

hypercomplex numbers
hypercomplex numbers

(countable, mathematics) An element of one of several sets: natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, real numbers, complex numbers, and sometimes extensions such as hypercomplex numbers, etc.

Adjectives and nouns should agree in gender, number, and case.

(grammar) Of a word or phrase, the state of being singular, dual or plural, shown by inflection.

թիվ

grammar: state of being singular, dual or plural

Despite last week's woes, the Braves still sport numbers that would make Christie Brinkley blush.

1980 May 10, Al King, “Braves travel to New England with reputation”, in The Indiana Gazette:

A large amount, in contrast to a smaller amount; numerical preponderance.

An activity; assignment; job, as in cushy number.


dotcom

dotcoms (plural)
.com (alternative)
dot-com (alternative)

From dot + com, from the DNS suffix .com.

Even mainstream, primetime narratives in the domestic sphere, for instance, now provide unremarkable reflections on the now naive and overly optimistic promises of cybertech, the high-techs, and dotcoms.

2003, Anna Everett, John T. Caldwell, New Media: Theories and Practices of Digitextuality:

Dotcom mania was slow in coming to higher education, but now it has the venerable industry firmly in its grip. Since the launch early last year of Udacity and Coursera, two Silicon Valley start-ups offering free education through MOOCs, massive open online courses, the ivory towers of academia have been shaken to their foundations.

2013 July 20, “The attack of the MOOCs”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

In an echo of the valuation methods used before the bursting of the dotcom bubble in 2001, its shares are priced not in relation to its profits or even its revenue but to its extraordinary growth.

2013 August 3, “Revenge of the nerds”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847, archived from the original on 2023-03-11:

A company whose business is based around a website or primarily via the Internet.


second

seconds (plural)
2ⁿᵈ (alternative)
2ᵈ (alternative)
IInd (alternative)
II (alternative)
II. (alternative)

From Middle English secunde, second, secound, secund, borrowed from Old French second, seond, from Latin secundus (“following, next in order”), from root of sequor (“I follow”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”). Doublet of secund and secundo. Displaced native twoth and partially displaced native other (from Old English ōþer (“other; next; second”)).

noncog

Many packs have a sixer's council where the sixers, and sometimes the seconds, meet with Akela and some of the other leaders.

1995, Boy Scouts of Canada. National Council, The Cub Book:

A Cub Scout appointed to assist the sixer.


are

(rare) An accepted (but deprecated and rarely used) metric unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent. Symbol: a.


os

Unadapted borrowing from Latin ōs (“the mouth”).

ubor

The instrument closed, as seen in Fig. 1, is then passed along the finger to the os, in and through the cervix up to the fundus of the uterus, which may be determined both by the distance and the resistance to the broad rounded head of the Capiat.

1891, Texas Medical Association, Transactions, volume 23, page 175:

[…] monocolpate (“unisulcate”) pollen grains still have a continuous aperture membrane devoid of special openings (ora) in the exine for the emergence of the pollen tube.

2009 July 6, Armen Takhtajan, Flowering Plants, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN:

(anatomy, sometimes botany) An opening or entrance to a passage, particularly one at either end of the cervix, internal (to the uterus) or external (to the vagina).


relegate

en-verb

relegate (third-person singular simple present relegates, present participle relegating, simple past and past participle relegated)

relegates (present singular third-person)
relegating (participle present)
relegated (participle past)
relegated (past)
religate (alternative)

First attested in 1561, borrowed from Latin relēgātus, the past participle of relēgō (“to dispatch, banish”).

After finishing second-bottom in the table, United were relegated from the division.

(transitive, in extended use) Consign or assign.

(sports, chiefly soccer) Transfer (a sports team) to a lower-ranking league division.

Refer (a point of contention) to an authority in deference to the judgment thereof.

(now rare) Submit or refer (someone) to someone or something else for some reason or purpose.


relegate

First attested circa 1425: from the Classical Latin relēgātus, the perfect passive participle of relēgō (“I dispatch”, “I banish”).

relegat (alternative)
religait (alternative)


increase

en-noun

increase (countable and uncountable, plural increases)

increases (plural)
encrease (alternative)

From Middle English encresen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman encreistre, from Latin increscere (“to increase”), from in (“in, on”) + crescō (“grow”).
The noun is from Middle English encres, from the verb.

(knitting) The creation of one or more new stitches; see Increase (knitting).


mobile

→ Japanese: モバイル (mobairu)

→ Kurtöp: མོ་བ་འིལ (mobail)

→ Persian: موبایل (mobâil)

From Middle English, from Old French, from Latin mōbilis (“easy to be moved, moveable”), from moveō (“move”).

der

there are many business opportunities in mobile

(uncountable, Internet) The internet accessed via mobile devices.


thou

Whoa there, big spender — that'll cost you a few thou. Are you sure you can afford it?

Butch [Cassidy] gave him 3 thous in cash 1 thous for the lawyer another thous if the lawyer wins & 1 thous for Tom O'Day.

1977, Larry Pointer, “Belle Fourche”, in In Search of Butch Cassidy (Red River Books), Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1988, →ISBN, page 132:

He has a few thou in the account, enough to make your everyday living expenses, not enough to keep current with the bigger bills.

1999, Don Winslow, chapter 58, in California Fire and Life, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN; 1st Vintage Crime/Black Lizard edition, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, September 2007, →ISBN, page 169:

Well, we'll need a few thou, Carlos. Got to get together a few thou first. For rent, you know. Rent and making contacts with artists, all that.

2000 November, Sheri S[tewart] Tepper, “Benita”, in The Fresco, New York, N.Y.: Eos, HarperCollins, →ISBN; 1st Eos paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Eos, HarperCollins, February 2002, →ISBN, page 17:

(slang) A thousand, especially a thousand of some currency (dollars, pounds sterling, etc.).


colon

From Latin cōlon (“a member of a verse of poem”), from Ancient Greek κῶλον (kôlon, “a member, limb, clause, part of a verse”).

uder

(rare) The triangular colon (especially in context of not being able to type the actual triangular colon).


Laos

Borrowed from French Laos, plural of Lao, from Lao ລາວ (lāo, “Lao”). More at Lao.

Lao People’s Democratic Republic#English

A country in Southeast Asia. Official name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Capital: Vientiane.


offset

From off- + set, used to construct the noun form of the verb to set off. Compare Middle English ofsetten (“to encumber, harass, beset, besiege”), from Old English ofsettan (“to press, oppress, overwhelm, crush”).

cog

offset lithographs

offset process

(printing, often attributive) The offset printing process, in which ink is carried from a metal plate to a rubber blanket and from there to the printing surface.

An array of bytes uses its index as the offset, of words a multiple thereof.

(programming) The difference between a target memory address and a base address.

(surveying) A short distance measured at right angles from a line actually run to some point in an irregular boundary, or to some object.

[…] [I]nfected tulips are weakened by the viruses that cause the very patterns and swirls that fascinated horticulturists and investors in the first place. Such bulbs tend to dwindle away instead of fattening up and producing offsets.

2014 September 26, Charles Quest-Ritson, “The Dutch garden where tulip bulbs live forever: Hortus Bulborum, a volunteer-run Dutch garden, is dedicated to conserving historic varieties before they vanish for good [print version: Inspired by a living bulb archive, 27 September 2014, p. G5]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening):

(botany) A short prostrate shoot that takes root and produces a tuft of leaves, etc.


abstract

en-adj

abstract (comparative more abstract or abstracter, superlative most abstract or abstractest)

more abstract (comparative)
abstracter (comparative)
most abstract (superlative)
abstractest (superlative)

From Middle English abstract, borrowed from Latin abstractus, perfect passive participle of abstrahō (“draw away”), formed from abs- (“away”) + trahō (“to pull, draw”). The verbal sense is first attested in 1542.

The more abstract we are from the body ... the more fit we shall be to behold divine light.

17th century, John Norris (philosopher), The Oxford Dictionary

(now rare) Drawn away; removed from; apart from; separate.


abuse

en-noun

abuse (countable and uncountable, plural abuses)

From Middle English abusen, then from either Old French abus (“improper use”), or from Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”), perfect active participle of abūtor (“make improper use of, consume, abuse”), from ab (“away”) + ūtor (“to use”). Equivalent to ab- + use.

The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of abuse, came to blows.

1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The history of England: from the accession of James the Second, volume 9, page 153:

But he and all the southerners who indulge in this abuse in the newspapers should realize that this will not enable us to find a solution to our problem but will merely aggravate it.

1950 February 11, Alhaji Na-Alhaji, Gaskiya Fa Ti Kwabo:

The pair – aged 14 and 15 years old – have been accused of assaulting and shouting abuse at four people in central Southampton, police have said.

2020, “Coronavirus: Teenage girls arrested after 'abusing Chinese people wearing face masks in racially-motivated attack'”, in The Independent:

Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies.


abuse

en-verb

abuse (third-person singular simple present abuses, present participle abusing, simple past and past participle abused)

abuses (present singular third-person)
abusing (participle present)
abused (participle past)
abused (past)

Guyanese Creole English: buse

From Middle English abusen, from Middle French abuser, from Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”), perfect active participle of abūtor (“to use up, misuse, consume”), from ab (“from, away from”) + ūtor (“to use”).

He abused his authority.

This principle (if we may so abuse the word) shot rapidly into popularity

1856, James Anthony Froude, History of England from the fall of Wolsey to the defeat of the Spanish Armada, volume 1, published 1870, page 353:

(transitive) To put to a wrong use; to misapply; to use improperly; to use for a wrong purpose or end; to pervert

The […] tellers of news abused the general.

1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XIV, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

But ever and always curse him and abuse him.

1904, W. B. Yeats, The King's Threshold:

So we were angered by this and we could not tolerate this one because prophet Mohammed has been abused so many times in this country. Awolowo abused him sometimes ago saying that he was more successful and popular that Mohammed and Jesus.

1991, Yakubu Yahaya, quoted in: 2001, Toyin Falola, Violence in Nigeria: The Crisis of Religious Politics and Secular Ideologies, p. 199

However, shortages have seen customers yelling at employees, and abusing staff members as they work frantically to keep up with demand.

2020, “'Our team are here to help, not hurt': Woolworths urge customers not to abuse staff”, in Nine News:

(transitive) To attack with coarse language; to insult; to revile; malign; to speak in an offensive manner to or about someone; to disparage.

(transitive, obsolete, Scotland) Disuse.


accent

en-noun

accent (countable and uncountable, plural accents)

From Middle English accent, from Medieval Latin accentus and Old French accent, acent, both from Latin accentus, past participle of accinō (“sing to, sing along”). The word accent had been borrowed into Old English already, but was lost and reborrowed in Middle English.

tongval

distinctive pronunciation associated with a region, social group, etc.

The name Cézanne is written with an acute accent.

(orthography) A mark or character used in writing, in order to indicate the place of the spoken accent, or to indicate the nature or quality of the vowel marked.

pilkku

geometry: mark indicating minutes and seconds of a degree


access

access (countable and uncountable, plural accesses)

From Middle English accesse, acces, borrowed from Middle French acces (“attack, onslaught”) or from its source Latin accessus, perfect passive participle of accēdō (“approach; accede”), from ad (“to, toward, at”) + cēdō (“move, yield”). Doublet of accessus. First attested in the early 14th century. The sense "entrance" was first attested about 1380.

der

(uncountable, law) The right of a noncustodial parent to visit their child.

(uncountable, Scotland) Complicity or assent.


affix

Borrowed from Latin affixus, perfect passive participle of affigere (from ad- + figere), equivalent to ad- + fix.

affiks

linguistics: a bound morpheme added to a word’s stem

(linguistic morphology) A bound morpheme added to the word’s stem's end.

(linguistic morphology, loosely) A bound morpheme added to a word’s stem; a prefix, suffix, etc.

(mathematics) The complex number a+bi associated with the point in the Gauss plane with coordinates (a,b).

affix

mathematics: the complex number associated to a point


affix

en-verb

affix (third-person singular simple present affixes, present participle affixing, simple past and past participle affixed)

affixes (present singular third-person)
affixing (participle present)
affixed (participle past)
affixed (past)

to affix a stigma to a person

to affix ridicule or blame to somebody

Should they [caterpillars] affix them to the leaves of a plant improper for their food […]

1691, John Ray, The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation. […], London: […] Samuel Smith, […], →OCLC:


ache

aches (plural)
ake (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English ache, from Old French ache, from Latin apium (“celery”). Reinforced by modern French ache.


close

→ Irish: clós

→ Welsh: clos

Borrowed from French clos, from Latin clausum, participle of claudō.

closes surrounded by the venerable abodes of deans and canons.

1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter III, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:


wound

wound (third-person singular simple present wounds, present participle wounding, simple past and past participle wounded)

wounds (present singular third-person)
wounding (participle present)
wounded (participle past)
wounded (past)

Noun from Middle English wund, from Old English wund, from Proto-Germanic *wundō. Verb from Middle English wunden, from Old English wundian, from Proto-Germanic *wundōną.

The actor's pride was wounded when the leading role went to his rival.

I find neglect or rejection from my own community much harder to take and more wounding than the same thing or worse from the outside world.

1984 December 8, Michael Bronski, Andrea Loewenstein, “Family & Friends: Writers Talk Community”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 21, page 12:

(transitive) To hurt (a person's feelings).


mouse

en-noun

mouse (plural mice or (computing) mouses)

mice (plural)
mouses (plural)
mowse (alternative obsolete)

→ Bengali: মাউস (maus)

→ Brazilian Portuguese: mouse

→ French: souris (semantic loan)

→ Georgian: მაუსი (mausi)

→ Italian: mouse

→ Japanese: マウス (mausu)

→ Korean: 마우스 (mauseu)

→ Romanian: mouse

→ Spanish: mouse

desc

→ Thai: เมาส์ (máo), เม้าส์ (máo)

→ Thai: เมาส์ (máo), เม้าส์ (máo)

→ Vietnamese: chuột (semantic loan)

From Middle English mous, from Old English mūs, from Proto-West Germanic *mūs, from Proto-Germanic *mūs, from Proto-Indo-European *múHs.
Cognates
Germanic cognates include Old Frisian mūs, Old Saxon mūs (German Low German Muus), Dutch muis, Old High German mūs (German Maus), Old Norse mús (Swedish mus, Danish mus, Norwegian mus, Icelandic mús, Faroese mús).
Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs), Latin mūs, Spanish mur, Armenian մուկ (muk), Old Church Slavonic мꙑшь (myšĭ) (Russian мышь (myšʹ)), Albanian mi, Persian موش (muš), Northern Kurdish mişk, Sanskrit मूष् (mūṣ).
The computing sense was coined by American engineer Bill English in 1965 and first used publicly in a publication titled "Computer-Aided Display Control", in reference to the similarity with the animal.

coin

the best laid plans of mice and men go oft astray

the best laid plans of mice and men often go awry

move the mouse over the icon

(computing) (plural mice or mouses) An input device that is moved over a pad or other flat surface to produce a corresponding movement of a pointer on a graphical display.

踎士

loaned from English, though more commonly simply written as mouse


router

→ Japanese: ルーター, ルータ

→ Korean: 라우터 (rauteo)

That’s one of the biggest hurdles of managing a router and your network security in general, it’s a massive chore that is fraught with technical jargon, hurdles and screens saying ‘no’, ‘invalid’ or ‘not available’.

2022 May 17, “Synology SRM 1.3 Software Review Part 4 – The Safe Access Application”, in NAS Compares:

(telecommunications) Any device that directs packets of information using the equivalent of Open Systems Interconnection layer 3 (network layer) information. Most commonly used in reference to Internet Protocol routers.

маршрутыза́тар

The router was configured to forward packets outside of a certain range of IP addresses to its internet uplink port.

(Internet) A device that connects local area networks to form a larger internet by, at minimum, selectively passing those datagrams having a destination IP address to the network which is able to deliver them to their destination; a network gateway.

router

printed circuit board
printed circuit board

(electronics, electronic design automation) In integrated circuit or printed circuit board design, an algorithm for adding all wires needed to properly connect all of the placed components while obeying all design rules.


imperfect

en-adj

imperfect (comparative more imperfect, superlative most imperfect)

more imperfect (comparative)
most imperfect (superlative)

From Middle English imperfit, from Old French imparfit (modern French imparfait), from Latin imperfectus. Spelling modified 15c. to conform Latin etymology. See im- + perfect.

(taxonomy) Known or expected to be polyphyletic, as of a form taxon.


sol

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-sol.wav

From Glover's solmization, from Middle English sol (“fifth degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian sol in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the first syllable of Latin solve (“wash away”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon.

inh

D ſol re, one Cliffe, two notes haue I, / Ela mi, ſhow pitty or I die.

c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 218, column 2:

Ser[vant, i.e., Peter]. Alack alack what ſhal I doe, come Fidlers play me ſome mery dumpe. / I. [First musician]. A ſir, this is no time to play. / […] / Ser. Then will I giue it you, and ſoundly to. / I. What will you giue vs? / Ser. The fidler, Ile re you, Ile fa you, Ile ſol you. / I. If you re vs and fa vs, we will note you.

[c. 1591–1595 (date written), [William Shakespeare], […] Romeo and Juliet. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Iohn Danter, published 1597, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v]:

In a movable-do or tonic sol-fa system: the fifth step in a scale, preceded by fa and followed by la.

سُول

in a movable-do system: the fifth step in a scale

In a fixed-do system: the musical note G.


sol

PIE word
 *sóh₂wl̥
From Spanish sol (“sun”), from Latin sōl (“sun”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). Doublet of Sol and sol, directly from the Latin.

The Tobacco of this colony is ſo excellent, that if the commerce thereof was free, it would ſell for one hundred ſols and ſix livres the pound, ſo fine and delicate is its juice and flavour.

1763, [Antoine-Simon] Le Page du Pratz, “Of the Commerce that Is, and May Be, Carried Out in Louisiana. […]”, in [anonymous], transl., The History of Louisiana, or of the Western Parts of Virginia and Carolina: […], volume I, London: […] T. Becket and P. A. De Hondt […], →OCLC, page 336:

(historical) A former Spanish-American silver coin.

In full nuevo sol or new sol: the main currency unit of Peru which replaced the inti in 1991; also, a coin of this value.


sol

From Latin sōl (“sun”); see further at etymology 3. Doublet of sol from Spanish.

I need to create calories. And I need enough to last the 1387 sols until Ares 4 arrives. If I don't get rescued by Ares 4, I'm dead anyway. A sol is 39 minutes longer than a day, so it works out to be 1425 days. That's my target: 1425 days of food.

2011, Andy Weir, chapter 3, in The Martian, New York, N.Y.: Broadway Books, published 2014, →ISBN, page 18:

88,775 seconds = 24 hours, 39 minutes and 35 seconds / The duration of a synodic day on Mars, a ‘sol’

2014, Gerard ’t Hooft, Stefan Vandoren, “10⁵ Seconds = 100,000 Seconds = 1.16 days = 27.78 Hours”, in Saskia A. Eisberg-’t Hooft, transl., Time in Powers of Ten: Natural Phenomena and Their Timescales, Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co., →ISBN, part I, page 25:

(astronomy) A solar day on the planet Mars (equivalent to 24 hours, 39 minutes, 35 seconds).


sol

(informal, labour, leftism) Clipping of solidarity.


copulate

From Latin cōpulātus, the perfect passive participle of cōpulō (“to couple, join, connect”). See -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more.

the force of custome copulate, and conioyn'd

1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Custom and Education”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:


subject

From Latin subiectus (“a subject, an inferior”), subiectum (“the subject of a proposition”), past participle of subiciō (“throw, lay, place”), from sub (“under, at the foot of”) + iaciō (“throw, hurl”).

der

the subjects and objects of power

By faulty generalisation from a clause's grammatical subject often being coinstantiated with one: an actor or agent; one who takes action.

this subject for heroic song

1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

Make choice of a subject beautifull and noble, which […] shall […]afford[…] an ample field of matter wherein to expatiate itself.

1695, C[harles] A[lphonse] du Fresnoy, translated by John Dryden, De Arte Graphica. The Art of Painting, […], London: […] J[ohn] Heptinstall for W. Rogers, […], →OCLC:

I am th' unhappy subject of these quarrels. All these quarrels are about me.

c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

Then I had a good think on the subject of the hocussing of Cigarette, and I was reluctantly bound to admit that once again the man in the corner had found the only possible solution to the mystery.

1904–1905, Baroness Orczy [i.e., Emma Orczy], “The Hocussing of Cigarette”, in The Case of Miss Elliott, London: T[homas] Fisher Unwin, published 1905, →OCLC; republished as popular edition, London: Greening & Co., 1909, OCLC 11192831, quoted in The Case of Miss Elliott (ebook no. 2000141h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg of Australia, February 2020:

The departure was not unduly prolonged.[…]Within the door Mrs. Spoker hastily imparted to Mrs. Love a few final sentiments on the subject of Divine Intention in the disposition of buckets; farewells and last commiserations; a deep, guttural instigation to the horse; and the wheels of the waggonette crunched heavily away into obscurity.

1921, Ben Travers, chapter 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:

The main topic of a paper, work of art, discussion, field of study, etc.

human subject research

animal subjects

Writers of particular lives[…]are apt to be prejudiced in favour of their subject.

1748, Conyers Middleton, Life of Cicero:

It is also essential for those who come to the subject 'fresh' to gain the insight that will bridge their knowledge from being a subject of hypnosis to a potential practitioner.

2010, Ursula James, Clinical Hypnosis Textbook: A Guide for Practical Intervention, page 73:

Not long ago, it was difficult to produce photographs of tiny creatures with every part in focus. That’s because the lenses that are excellent at magnifying tiny subjects produce a narrow depth of field.

2013 July-August, Catherine Clabby, “Focus on Everything”, in American Scientist:

A human, animal, or an inanimate object that is being examined, treated, analysed, etc; especially, one being studied in a scientific experiment, such as a clinical trial.

subjek

human, animal or an inanimate object that is being examined


yeah

Colloquial form of yea or yes. Compare nah.

—You wanna get pizza for dinner? —Yeah, all right.


second hand

second hands (plural)
secondhand (alternative)
second-hand (alternative)

“My Lord Oxford, by a second hand, proposed my being his chaplain, which I, by a second hand, excused.

1826, Walter Scott, editor, Memoirs of Jonathan Swift, D.D., Dean of St Patrick's, Dublin, page 135:

Under certain circumstances there is always a danger in a young man's playing the benefactor towards the other sex, in his own person. A thousand times better do it by a second hand — engage the services of some kind aunt or female cousin.

1832, James Sheridan Knowles, The Magdalen, and other tales, page 3:

An intermediate person or means; intermediary.


mother

mothers (plural)
mither (alternative Northern-England Scotland)

Australian Kriol: motha

→ Japanese: マザー (mazā)

→ Korean: 마더 (madeo)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr
Proto-Germanic *mōdēr
Proto-West Germanic *mōder
Old English mōdor
Middle English moder
English mother
From Middle English moder, from Old English mōdor, from Proto-West Germanic *mōder, from Proto-Germanic *mōdēr, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr. Doublet of Madeira, mata, mater, matrix, and matter.
Some have proposed that the "dregs" sense is from Middle Dutch modder (“filth”), from Proto-Germanic *muþraz (“sediment”), but modder is not known in this meaning. On the other hand, words for "mother" have developed the secondary sense of "dregs" in several Romance and Germanic languages; compare Dutch moer, French mère de vinaigre, German Essigmutter, Italian madre, Medieval Latin māter, and Spanish madre.

ʔindi

female (human) who parents a child, gives birth to a baby, or is pregnant

metro-

of or pertaining to the mother, such as metropolis

my very educated mother just served us nachos

my very educated mother just served us nine pizzas

my very educated mother just served us nine pumpkins

my very educated mother just served us noodles

my very excellent mother just served us nine pizzas

My sister-in-law has just become a mother for the first time.

He had something of his mother in him.

He had something of his mother in him, but this was because he realized that in the end only her love was unconditional, and in gratitude he had emulated her.

The "Ritual to Celebrate Birthing" begins with a leader welcoming all participants : "Welcome to this celebration for N. She is approaching the time when she will become a mother for the first time (or become a mother again).

2005, Trudelle Thomas, Spirituality in the Mother Zone: Staying Centered, Finding God, Paulist Press, →ISBN, page 41:

A female who has given birth to a baby; this person in relation to her child or children.

(Stan Twitter, originally drag slang) A person who is admired, respected, or looked up to within a particular fandom or community; see also: serve cunt


flower

en-noun

flower (countable and uncountable, plural flowers)

flowers (plural)
flowre (alternative obsolete)
flow'r (alternative archaic poetic)

flour (for people who pronounce flower as one syllable, or flour as two)

From Middle English flour, from Anglo-Norman flur, from Latin flōrem, accusative of flōs, from Proto-Italic *flōs, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to thrive, bloom”). Doublet of fleur, flor, flour, bloom, and blossom.
Partly displaced native Old English blostma (which is cognate), whence Modern English blossom.

doublet

You know, Darwin studied their fertilisation, and showed that the whole structure of an ordinary orchid flower was contrived in order that moths might carry the pollen from plant to plant.

1894, H. G. Wells, The Flowering of the Strange Orchid:

(botany) A reproductive structure in angiosperms (flowering plants), often conspicuously colourful and typically including sepals, petals, and either or both stamens and/or a pistil.

He always keeps a vase full of flowers in his office.

The stem of a flowering plant with the blossom or blossoms attached, used for decoration, as a gift, etc.


flower

en-verb

flower (third-person singular simple present flowers, present participle flowering, simple past and past participle flowered)

flowers (present singular third-person)
flowering (participle present)
flowered (participle past)
flowered (past)
flowre (alternative obsolete)
flow'r (alternative archaic poetic)

observations which have flowered off

[1644], [John Milton], Of Education. To Master Samuel Hartlib, [London: […] Thomas Underhill and/or Thomas Johnson], →OCLC:

(intransitive) To come off as flowers by sublimation.


project

→ Japanese: プロジェクト (purojekuto)

→ Korean: 프로젝트 (peurojekteu)

→ Scottish Gaelic: pròiseact

/ˈpɹɑˌd͡ʒɛkt/

From Latin prōiectus, perfect passive participle of prōiciō (“throw forth, extend; expel”).

Projects like Pruitt-Igoe were considered irreparably dangerous and demolished.

Experiments when needles and skin connect / No wonder where we live is called the projects

1996, “Stakes is High”, in Stakes Is High, performed by De La Soul:

Imagine rock up in them projects / Where them niggas pick your pockets

2012, “Money Trees”, in Good Kid, M.A.A.D City, performed by Kendrick Lamar ft. Jay Rock:

(usually in the plural, US) An urban, low-income housing building.

Sakho was seen as no-frills, whereas Maiga was a project who could develop into the next big thing.

2014 October 27, Gabriele Marcotti, “Ancelotti triumphs, van Gaal's progress, Dortmund disappoint, more”, in ESPN FC:

Elway acknowledged at the time that Lynch was a project who needed some seasoning but he expressed hope that Lynch might be a quick study. He wasn't.

2018 September 2, Arnie Melendrez Stapleton, “Broncos cut ties with 2016 first-round pick QB Lynch”, in WNYT:

diamond in the rough
diamond in the rough

(US, sports) A raw recruit who the team hopes will improve greatly with coaching; a long shot, diamond in the rough.


project

project (third-person singular simple present projects, present participle projecting, simple past and past participle projected)

projects (present singular third-person)
projecting (participle present)
projected (participle past)
projected (past)

/pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkt/

(geometry) To draw straight lines from a fixed point through every point of any body or figure, and let these fall upon a surface so as to form the points of a new figure.


homonym

From Latin homōnymum, from Ancient Greek ὁμώνυμον (homṓnumon), nominalized from the neuter of ὁμώνῠμος (homṓnŭmos, “homonymous”). By surface analysis, homo- + -onym.

en:word with same spelling or same sound or both

(loosely) A word that sounds or is spelled the same as another word (but not necessarily both).

(taxonomy) A name for a taxon that is identical in spelling to another name that belongs to a different taxon.


update

From up- + date. Earliest usages from 1940s (see Citations).

ajan tasalla pitäminen

action of advising someone so that they are up to date

You should try the update: it rocks.

A version of something which is newer than other versions.


update

update (third-person singular simple present updates, present participle updating, simple past and past participle updated)

updates (present singular third-person)
updating (participle present)
updated (participle past)
updated (past)

Danish: opdatere, opdatering

French: updater

pitää ajan tasalla

to advise a person so that they are up to date

I need to update my records to take account of the most recent transaction.

(transitive) To bring (a thing) up to date.

Update me on what happened while I was away.

(transitive) To bring (a person) up to date: to inform (a person) about recent developments.


homophone

From French homophone; equivalent to homo- (“same”) + -phone (“sound”).

homofon (not infrequently spelled homofón)

azonos kiejtésű, de eltérő jelentésű szó (és gyakran eltérő alakú)

(semantics) A word which is pronounced the same as another word but differs in spelling or meaning or origin.


suffix

Borrowed from Latin suffīxus (“suffix”), from sub- (“under”) + fīxus (perfect passive participle of fīgere (“to fasten, fix”)), equivalent to sub- + -fix.

af

perfect passive participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">fīgere</i> (“to fasten, fix”)

The suffix "-able" changes "sing" into "singable".

The praenomen and nomen for the most part consisted of simple stems with the suffix -us or -ius, […]

1945, E[lizabeth] G[idley] Withycombe, “Introduction”, in The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page xiv:

(grammar, linguistic morphology) A morpheme added at the end of a word to modify the word's meaning.

Suffix

Suffixum n, Affix n (narrow sense), Affixum n

The string "abra" is both a prefix and a suffix of the string "abracadabra".

(computing) A final segment of a string of characters.


suffix

en-verb

suffix (third-person singular simple present suffixes, present participle suffixing, simple past and past participle suffixed)

suffixes (present singular third-person)
suffixing (participle present)
suffixed (participle past)
suffixed (past)

(transitive) To append (something) to the end of something else.


alloy

en-noun

alloy (countable and uncountable, plural alloys)

From Anglo-Norman alai, from Old French aloi, from aloiier, from Latin alligō.

Metrodorus said that in sadnesse there is some aloy of pleasure.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 20, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

The sole grievance and alloy thus removed in the prospect of Harriet’s welfare, she was really in danger of becoming too happy for security.

1815, Jane Austen, Emma, volume III, chapter 18:

An admixture; something added which stains, taints etc.


retreat

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-retreat.wav

From Middle English retret, from Old French retrait or retret, from Latin retractus, from retraho. Doublet of retract, retrait, and ritratto.

doublet

The act of pulling back or withdrawing, as from something dangerous, or unpleasant.

The act of reversing direction and receding from a forward position.

The general opted for a swift retreat because he saw his troops were vastly outnumbered.

(military) Withdrawal by a military force from a dangerous position or from enemy attack.

In a retreat he outruns any lackey.

c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:


retreat

en-verb

retreat (third-person singular simple present retreats, present participle retreating, simple past and past participle retreated)

retreats (present singular third-person)
retreating (participle present)
retreated (participle past)
retreated (past)

To shrink back due to generally warmer temperatures. (of a glacier)


tower

→ German: Tower

→ Hindi: टावर (ṭāvar)

→ Japanese: タワー (tawā)

→ Korean: 타워 (tawo)

→ Northern Kurdish: tawer

→ Punjabi: ਟਾਵਰ (ṭāvar)

From Middle English tour, tur, tor, from Old English tūr, tor, torr ("tower; rock"; > English tor) and Old French tour, toer, tor; both from Latin turris (“a tower”), Ancient Greek τύρρις (túrrhis) (Hesychius), τύρσις (túrsis).
Compare Scots tour, towr, towre (“tower”), West Frisian toer (“tower”), Dutch toren (“tower”), German Turm (“tower”), Danish tårn (“tower”), Swedish torn (“tower”), Icelandic turn (“tower”), Welsh tŵr.
Doublet of tor, tourelle, and turret.

interlocking tower
interlocking tower#English

(informal) Ellipsis of interlocking tower.

Lay trains of amorous intrigues / In towers, and curls, and periwigs.

1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC:

(historical) A tall fashionable headdress worn in the time of King William III and Queen Anne.


overweight

en-adj

overweight (comparative more overweight, superlative most overweight)

more overweight (comparative)
most overweight (superlative)

/ˌəʊvəˈweɪt/

obese

used coordinately rather than hyponymically

Before her diet, Jane was noticeably overweight, but she shed five kilos in the next two months.

(of a person) Having a higher weight, especially body fat, than what is generally considered healthy for a given body type and height.


ans

GWM, release July 79, would like to hear from sincere gays. I will ans all letters.

1979 February 3, Billy Smith, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 6, number 27, page 14:


tear

en-verb

tear (third-person singular simple present tears, present participle tearing, simple past tore, past participle torn or (now colloquial and nonstandard) tore)

tears (present singular third-person)
tearing (participle present)
tore (past)
torn (participle past)
tore (colloquial nonstandard participle past)

From Middle English teren, from Old English teran (“to tear, lacerate”), from Proto-Germanic *teraną (“to tear, tear apart, rip”), from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear, tear apart”).
Cognate with Scots tere, teir, tair (“to rend, lacerate, wound, rip, tear out”), Dutch teren (“to eliminate, efface, live, survive by consumption”), German zehren (“to consume, misuse”), German zerren (“to tug, rip, tear”), Danish tære (“to consume”), Swedish tära (“to fret, consume, deplete, use up”), Icelandic tæra (“to clear, corrode”). Outside Germanic, cognate to Ancient Greek δέρω (dérō, “to skin”), Albanian ther (“to slay, skin, pierce”). Doublet of tire.

cog

He tore his coat on the nail.

1886, Gustave Flaubert, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling, Madame Bovary, published 1856, Part III Chapter XI:

Then there came a reg'lar terror of a sou'wester same as you don't get one summer in a thousand, and blowed the shanty flat and ripped about half of the weir poles out of the sand. We spent consider'ble money getting 'em reset, and then a swordfish got into the pound and tore the nets all to slathers, right in the middle of the squiteague season.
He suffered, poor man, at seeing her so badly dressed, with laceless boots, and the arm-holes of her pinafore torn down to the hips; for the charwoman took no care of her.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

(transitive) To rend (a solid material) by holding or restraining in two places and pulling apart, whether intentionally or not; to destroy or separate.

He tore some muscles in a weight-lifting accident.

(transitive) To injure as if by pulling apart.

Tear the coupon out of the newspaper.

[A] surge of muddy water tore him free from his sandy nook and tumbled him down the gully.

(transitive, often with off or out) To remove by tearing, or with sudden great force.


read

en-verb

read (third-person singular simple present reads, present participle reading, simple past read, past participle read or (archaic, dialectal) readen)

reads (present singular third-person)
reading (participle present)
read (past)
read (participle past)
readen (archaic dialectal participle past)
read (infinitive)
read (first-person present singular)
read (first-person past singular)
read (present second-person singular)
read (past second-person singular)
reads (present singular third-person)
read (past singular third-person)
read (plural present)
read (past plural)
read (present subjunctive)
read (past subjunctive)
read (imperative present)
reading (participle present)
read (participle past)
readen (participle past)

From Middle English reden, from Old English rǣdan (“to counsel, advise, consult; interpret, read”), from Proto-West Germanic *rādan, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“advise, counsel”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to arrange”).
Cognate with Scots rede, red (“to advise, counsel, decipher, read”), Saterland Frisian räide (“to advise, counsel”), West Frisian riede (“to advise, counsel”), Dutch raden (“to advise; guess”), German raten (“to advise; guess”), Danish råde (“to advise”), Swedish råda (“to advise, counsel”), Persian رده (rade, “to order, to arrange, class”). In West Germanic the verb had a sense “interpret”, which developed further into “interpret letters” in English and “interpret by intuition, guess” on the continent. Compare rede.

lees

to look at and interpret letters or other information

atzeman

of text, etc., to be interpreted or read in a particular way

olvasd

to substitute (a corrected piece of text in place of an erroneous one); used to introduce an emendation of a text

On the door hung a sign that reads "No admittance".

In Livy, it is nearly certain that for Pylleon we should read Pteleon, as this place is mentioned in connection with Antron.

1832, John Lemprière et al., Bibliotheca classica, Seventh Edition, W. E. Dean, page 263

The sign of coefficient a(3) in the general formula of Table 2 should be plus instead of minus. Thus, the formula should read […]

2001, Astronomy & Astrophysics, volume 376, issue 3, p. 1039

(ergative) To substitute a corrected piece of text in place of an erroneous one; used to introduce an emendation of a text.

Our school focuses primarily on the liberal arts (read "useless degrees").

Eliminate illogical (read: stupid) answer choices.

2009, Suzee Vlk et al., The GRE Test for Dummies, 6th edition, Wiley Publishing, →ISBN, page 191:

Parents, meanwhile, deplored [Bratz dolls] as far too adult (read: slutty) for kids, accusing the doe-eyed, pouty-lipped toys of fostering unhealthy body images among young girls.

2010 December 23, Tamara Weston, “From Tickle Me Elmo to Squinkies: Top 10 Toy Crazes”, in Time:

I also did a long-wear test, as y'do and after scoffing my face with some food (read: I am feral when it comes to a midday snack, so what), the striking colour that I was wearing, named 'Jet', had stayed put. Pigment, check ✅.

2023 May 12, Lia Mappoura, “I tried Glossier's brand new G Suit lip crèmes so you don't have to – you're welcome”, in Cosmopolitan:

(by extension, ironic or humorous, usually imperative) Used to introduce a blunter, actually intended meaning.

értsd

(informal, usually ironic) used after a euphemism to introduce the intended, more blunt meaning of a term

to read a hard disk

to read a port

to read the keyboard

(computing, transitive) To fetch data from (a storage medium, etc.).

beolvas

to fetch data from (a storage medium, etc.)


us

head

us (personal pronoun; the objective case of we)

en-pron

-'s (alternative)
uz (alternative Northumbria)
is (alternative Northumbria)
iz (alternative Northumbria)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé
Proto-Germanic *uns
Old English ūs
Middle English us
English us
From Middle English us, from Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne-, *nō-, *n-ge-, *n̥smé (“us”). The compensatory lengthening was lost in Middle English due to the word being unstressed when used. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uus (“us”), West Frisian us, ús (“us”), Low German uns, us (“us”), Dutch ons (“us”), German uns (“us”), Danish os (“us”), Latin nōs (“we, us”).

inh

The following table shows a list of English personal pronoun

including archaic and dialectal forms. Dialectal and obsolete

archaic forms are in italics. 1 See Appendix:English third-person singular pronouns for attested neopronoun.

It's not true that the rest of Europe hates us.

I went to watch my favourite team play Real Madrid, but they thrashed us 5-0.

Any entity that the speaker is a part of or identifies with, such as place of employment or education, nation, region, language, etc.

Give us a look at your paper.

Fetch us a cold beer from the fridge, would you.

She's turned the weans against us!

(talking to oneself) Now then ... let me see ... I hope I'm doing this right ... if we just connect these two wires together ... if it gives us a shock then ... Ow!

(Commonwealth, colloquial, chiefly with certain verbs such as give, get, fetch, etc.) Me.

Look at us while you’re speaking to us.

Could you do that for us?


us

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


bruit

en-verb

bruit (third-person singular simple present bruits, present participle bruiting, simple past and past participle bruited)

bruits (present singular third-person)
bruiting (participle present)
bruited (participle past)
bruited (past)
bruit (infinitive)
bruit (first-person present singular)
bruited (first-person past singular)
bruit (present second-person singular)
bruitest (archaic present second-person singular)
bruited (past second-person singular)
bruitedst (archaic past second-person singular)
bruits (present singular third-person)
bruiteth (archaic present singular third-person)
bruited (past singular third-person)
bruit (plural present)
bruited (past plural)
bruit (present subjunctive)
bruited (past subjunctive)
bruit (imperative present)
bruiting (participle present)
bruited (participle past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-bruit.wav

The noun is derived from Middle English bruit (“commotion, tumult; fame, renown; collective noun for a group of barons”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman brut (“commotion, tumult; noise, sounds; fame, renown; hearsay, rumour; collective noun for a group of barons”) and Old French bruit (“commotion, tumult; noise, sounds; fame, renown; hearsay, rumour”) (modern French bruit (“noise; report, rumour”)), a noun use of the past participle of bruire (“to make a noise; to rattle; to roar; to rustle”), from Late Latin brugere, an alteration of Latin rugīre (“to roar”) (the present active infinitive of rugiō (“to bray; to bellow, roar; to rumble”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg- (“to belch; to roar”)), possibly influenced by Late Latin bragere (“to bray”). The English word is cognate with Catalan brogir (“to roar”); Old Occitan bruir, brugir (“to roar”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

nb...

brewt, brewte, brut, brute, bruyt, bruyte

der

And if it be to be beleued, as bruted is by fame. / A day did paſſe without the Sunne.

1567, Ovid, “The Seconde Booke”, in Arthur Golding, transl., The XV. Bookes of P. Ouidius Naso, Entytuled Metamorphosis, […], London: […] Willyam Seres […], →OCLC, folio 20, recto:

Generally, Whether there be [...] any that stubbornly refuse to conform themselves to unity and good religion: any that bruiteth abroad rumours of the alteration of the same, or otherwise that disturbeth good orders, and the quietnes of Christs Church and Christian congregation.

a. 1576, Matthew Parker, John Strype, “[An Appendix to Archbishop Parker’s Life.] Number XI. Articles for the Dioceses, to be Inquired of in the Archbishop’s Metropolitical Visitation.”, in The Life and Acts of Matthew Parker, the First Archbishop of Canterbury in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth. […], volume III, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, published 1821, →OCLC, paragraph 22, page 32:

There haue bin diuers and variable reportes with some slaunderous and shamefull speeches bruited abroade by many that returned from thence.

1590, Thomas Hariot [i.e., Thomas Harriot], “To the Adventvrers, Favorers, and VVellvvillers of the Enterprise for the Inhabitting and Planting in Virginia”, in A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia, […], Frankfurt am Main: […] Ioannis Wecheli, […], →OCLC; reprinted as Narrative of the First English Plantation of Virginia […], London: Bernard Quaritch, […], 1893, →OCLC, page 9:

And the Kings rowſe the heauen shall brute againe, / Reſpeaking earthly thunder; [...]

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (Second Quarto), London: […] I[ames] R[oberts] for N[icholas] L[ing] […], published 1604, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], lines 127–128:

Even his amours he bruits forth to the public, to the delight of every pot-boy.

1822 September 1, “Character of an Ex-sheriff”, in The Rambler’s Magazine; or, Fashionable Emporium of Polite Literature, […], volume I, number IX, London: [William] Benbow, […], →OCLC, page 413:

As he took John Willet's view of the matter in regard to the propriety of not bruiting the tale abroad, unless the spirit should appear to him again, in which case it would be necessary to take immediate counsel with the clergyman, it was solemnly resolved that it should be hushed up and kept quiet.

1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge. Chapter 33.”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume II, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 128:

In course of time Ariston died; and Demaratus received the kingdom: but it was fated, as it seems, that these words, when bruited abroad, should strip him of his sovereignty.

1859, Herodotus, “The Sixth Book of the History of Herodotus, Entitled Erato”, in George Rawlinson, Henry Rawlinson, J[ohn] G[ardner] Wilkinson, transl., The History of Herodotus. […] In Four Volumes, volume III, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, paragraph 64, page 458:

What need to bruit our pleasant quarrel abroad? You will like the weapons, sir, and you shall have your own choice from the pair … You are a fine fencer, I feel sure …

1908, Baroness Orczy [i.e., Emma Orczy], “Time—Place—Conditions”, in The Elusive Pimpernel, London: Hutchinson & Co. […], →OCLC, page 121:

Thou art not ware, but thou art tossed on the tongues of all the city, casting away all shame, thou bruitest abroad thy deeds.

1914, Ovid, “[The Amores.] Book the Third.”, in Grant Showerman, transl., edited by T[homas] E[thelbert] Page and W[illiam] H[enry] D[enham] Rouse, Heroides and Amores […] (Loeb Classical Library; 41), London: William Heinemann; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, section I, page 445:

TV news shows had been bruiting the Boulder case, too; as a result, the atmosphere in the press section that night was knife-keen.

1974, Marvin Kaye, chapter 20, in The Grand Ole Opry Murders (A Hilary Quayle Mystery; 2), London: Head of Zeus, published 2014, →ISBN:

Paranoid. Now he knew what it meant, this word that was bandied and bruited so easily, and he sensed the connections being made around him, [...]

1997, Don DeLillo, Underworld, 1st trade paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Scribner, published 2003, →ISBN, page 421:

[I]t's bruited that the tunnel would cost "10 to 20 million yuan ($2.95 million) more than the current high speed railway for each kilometer." Pony up, taxpayers!

2010 August 4, Darren Murph, “China’s Maglev Trains to Hit 1,000km/h in Three Years, […]”, in Engadget, archived from the original on 2020-08-10:

Bruiting about this notion of a "monarchical project," the Englishman persuaded himself that [Simón] Bolívar himself aspired to such a model.

2013, Marie Arana, “Man of Difficulties”, in Bolívar: American Liberator, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 388:

(transitive, archaic in British, current in the US) To disseminate, promulgate, or spread news, a rumour, etc.

ébruiter

to disseminate, promulgate, or spread news, a rumour, etc.


he

Transliteration of various Semitic letters, such as Phoenician 𐤄 (h), Hebrew ה (h), Classical Syriac ܗ (h, “hē”), and Old South Arabian 𐩠 (h).

hay (alternative)
hei (alternative)
hey (alternative)
hee (alternative obsolete)
hée (alternative obsolete)

The name of the first letter of the Old South Arabian abjad.


mouth

Sranan Tongo: mofo

Aukan: mofu

From Middle English mouth, from Old English mūþ, from Proto-West Germanic *munþ, from Proto-Germanic *munþaz (“mouth”), from Proto-Indo-European *ment- (“to chew; jaw, mouth”). Cognate with Scots mooth (“mouth”), North Frisian müd, müth, müss (“mouth”), West Frisian mûn (“mouth”), Dutch mond (“mouth”), muide (“river mouth”) and mui (“riptide”), German Mund (“mouth”), Swedish mun (“mouth”), Norwegian munn (“mouth”), Danish mund (“mouth”), Faroese muður, munnur (“mouth”), Icelandic munnur (“mouth”), Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (munþs, “mouth”), Latin mentum (“chin”) and mandō (“to chew”), Ancient Greek μάσταξ (mástax, “jaws, mouth”) and μασάομαι (masáomai, “to chew”), Albanian mjekër (“chin, beard”), Welsh mant (“jawbone”), Hittite [script needed] (mēni, “chin”). The verb is from Middle English mouthen, from the noun.

cog

butter would not melt in someone's mouth

laugh out of the other side of one's mouth

you kiss your girlfriend with that mouth

you kiss your grandfather with that mouth

you kiss your grandmother with that mouth

The mouth of the river is a good place to go birdwatching in spring and autumn.

The end of a river out of which water flows into a sea or other large body of water; or the end of a tributary out of which water flows into a larger river.

բերան

the end of a river out of which water flows

that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 18:16:


mouth

en-verb

mouth (third-person singular simple present mouths, present participle mouthing, simple past and past participle mouthed)

mouths (present singular third-person)
mouthing (participle present)
mouthed (participle past)
mouthed (past)
mouthe (alternative)

In this part of the address the position of the principal hanging-valleys was indicated , and it was pointed out that there were two sets, namely those which mouthed into valleys that had been deepened in softer rocks, and those which mouthed into portions of main valleys that had been deepened along shatter-bolts.

Suddenly an avalanche of stones turned loose right down a ravine and mouthed out on the road, stones large enough to knock a horse down, or larger, and a plenty of them to do a fair job on a large group.

1999, T. Walter Middleton, Qualla: Home of the Middle Cherokee Settlement, page 39:

To exit at a mouth (such as a river mouth)

He drew the cork from his bottle..and mouthed at his companions even while he bowed to them.

Meanwhile, the tyrant, with untimely wit And mouthing face, derides the small one's moan, Who, all lamenting for his loss, doth sit,

1854, Thomas Hood, “The Irish Schoolmaster”, in Poems of Thomas Hood, volume 2, page 40:

And that other face -- that awful, gibbering, mouthing face she drew away.

1873, May Agnes Fleming, A Wonderful Woman, page 269:

But active as this old professor of the dance was, he had when a child in Paris, in 1793, seen Marie Antoinette on the way to the scaffold, and described the unfortunate queen, with her gray hair cut short, her hands tied, seated in the cart, still retaining her calm demeanour as the mob shouted and mouthed around her .

1883, Lord Ronald Sutherland Gower, My Reminiscences - Volume 1, page 148:

The man mouthed at the bars. He was half-mad, I think, in that one minute.

1906, Bernard Edward Joseph Capes, At a Winter's Fire, page 240:

What ensues next is a comical soundless argument only true parents will understand. It's all mouthing and miming, facial expression and hand flailing.


predicate

predicates (plural)
prædicate (alternative archaic)

From Middle English predicat(e), from Old French predicat (French prédicat), from Medieval Latin praedicātum (“thing said of a subject, predicate”), substantivized from the nominative neuter singular of praedicātus, the perfect passive participle praedicō (“to proclaim”), see -ate (noun-forming suffix); see also Etymology 2 below.
The adjective was derived from the noun by metanalysis, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

der

A propositional variable may be treated as a nullary predicate.

A predicate is either valid, satisfiable, or unsatisfiable.

(logic) A term of a statement, where the statement may be true or false depending on whether the thing referred to by the values of the statement's variables has the property signified by that (predicative) term.

твърде́ние

logic: a term of a statement, where the statement may be true or false

(computing) An operator or function that returns either true or false.

predikaattifunktio

computing: an operator or function that returns either true or false


predicate

en-adj

predicate (comparative more predicate, superlative most predicate)

more predicate (comparative)
most predicate (superlative)
prædicate (alternative archaic)

(law) Relating to or being any of a series of criminal acts upon which prosecution for racketeering may be predicated.


perfect

perfect (comparative perfecter or more perfect, superlative perfectest or most perfect)

perfecter (comparative)
more perfect (comparative)
perfectest (superlative)
most perfect (superlative)
perfite (alternative obsolete)
perfight (alternative obsolete)
pf. (alternative abbreviation)
poifect (alternative humorous pronunciation-spelling)

flawed

antonym(s) of “fitting its definition precisely”

faulty

antonym(s) of “without fault or mistake”

From Middle English perfit, from Old French parfit (modern: parfait), from Latin perfectus, perfect passive participle of perficere (“to finish”), from per- (“through, thorough”) + facere (“to do, to make”). The spelling was modified in the 15th century to conform to its Latin etymon. Doublet of parfait, perfecto, and perfectus.
Displaced native Old English fulfremed.

doublet

let the perfect be the enemy of the good

(biology) Sexually mature and fully differentiated.

kypsä

biology: sexually mature and fully differentiated

mathematical analysis
mathematical analysis

(mathematical analysis, of a set) Equal to its set of limit points, i.e. set A is perfect if A=A'.

a perfect Manhattan

a perfect Rob Roy

(of a cocktail) Made with equal parts of sweet and dry vermouth.


re

Borrowed from Latin rē, ablative of rēs (“thing, matter, topic”).

Re A (conjoined twins) [2000] EWCA Civ 254

"I know it's been a long haul, but can we please not get complacent re: our annual magic gunk explosion? I can't believe I just typed those words."

2020 July 24, HarryBlank, “SCP-5243”, in SCP Foundation, archived from the original on 2024-09-02:

About, regarding, with reference to; especially in letters, documents, emails and case law.

فِي مَا يَخُصّ

fī mā yaḵuṣṣ


re

From Glover's solmization, from Middle English re (“second degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian re in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the first syllable of Latin resonāre (“made to resound”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon.

inh

(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the second note of a major scale.


re

(marketing, branding) Clipping of reinsurance, used in the branding of reinsurance company names.


Delhi

census-designated place
census-designated place

A locale in North America; named for the city in India.

A census-designated place in Merced County, California.


path

From Middle English path, peth, from Old English pæþ (“path, track”), from Proto-West Germanic *paþ, from Proto-Germanic *paþaz (“path”). The Proto-Germanic term is possibly borrowed from Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *pántaHh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pántaHs, from Proto-Indo-European *póntoh₁s, from the root *pent- (“to pass”), however this is disputed. Cognate with West Frisian paad, Dutch pad, German Pfad. Indo-Iranian cognates could be Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬃 (paṇtā̊, “way”), Old Persian 𐎱𐎰 (p-θ /paθi/)), Sanskrit पन्था (panthā). See also English find). Doublet of panth.

lead someone down the garden path, lead someone up the garden path

Use the network path \\Marketing\Files to find the documents you need.

(computing) A human-readable specification for a location within a hierarchical or tree-like structure, such as a file system or as part of a URL.

camí

computing: a specification for a location within a hierarchical or tree-like structure


entrance

en-noun

entrance (countable and uncountable, plural entrances)

entrances (plural)
entraunce (alternative obsolete)

From Middle French entrance (“entry”). Replaced native Middle English ingang (“entrance, admission”), from Old English ingang (“ingress, entry, entrance”).

cog

make a grand entrance

Her entrance attracted no attention whatsoever.

(countable) The action of entering, or going in.


do

en-verb

do (third-person singular simple present does, present participle doing, simple past did, past participle done)

does (present singular third-person)
doing (participle present)
did (past)
done (participle past)
do (infinitive)
do (first-person present singular)
did (first-person past singular)
do (present second-person singular)
doest (archaic present second-person singular)
dost (archaic present second-person singular)
did (past second-person singular)
didst (archaic past second-person singular)
does (present singular third-person)
doeth (archaic present singular third-person)
doth (archaic present singular third-person)
did (past singular third-person)
do (plural present)
did (past plural)
do (present subjunctive)
did (past subjunctive)
do (imperative present)
doing (participle present)
done (participle past)

Brittonicisms in English
Do
Do-support
Early Modern English

From Middle English don, from Old English dōn, from Proto-West Germanic *dōn, from Proto-Germanic *dōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, do, make”).
For senses 4 and 5, compare Old Norse duga, whence Danish du.
The past tense form is from Middle English didde, dude, from Old English dyde, *diede, an unexpected development from Proto-Germanic *dedǭ/*dedē (the expected reflex would be *ded), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰédʰeh₁ti, an athematic e-reduplicated verb of the same root *dʰeh₁-.
The meaningless use of do in interrogative, negative, and affirmative sentences (e.g. "Do you like painting?" "Yes, I do"), existing in some form in most Germanic languages, is thought by some linguists to be one of the Brittonicisms in English, calqued from Brythonic. It is first recorded in Middle English, where it may have marked the perfective aspect, though in some cases the meaning seems to be imperfective. In Early Modern English, any meaning in such contexts was lost, making it a dummy auxiliary, and soon thereafter its use became mandatory in most questions and negations.
Doublets include deed, deem, and -dom, but not deal.
Other cognates include, via Latin, English feast, festival, fair (“celebration”), via Greek, English theo-, theme, thesis, and Sanskrit दधाति (dadhāti, “to put”), धातृ (dhātṛ, “creator”) and धातु (dhātu, “layer, element, root”).

der

not used in Dutch (translated by inversion)

est-ce que (or translated by inversion of the verb and subject)

tun

in colloquial speech, certain dialects, baby-language

ay

positioned at the beginning of a sentence

do unto others as you would have them do unto you

never put off until tomorrow what you can do today

the left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing

the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must

those who say it cannot be done should not interrupt those doing it

what does that have to do with the price of corn

what does that have to do with the price of fish

what does that have to do with the price of tea in China

who are you and what have you done with someone

you get more with a kind word and a gun than you do with a kind word alone

you're damned if you do and you're damned if you don't

The woman-who-did did not do very well, Juliet thought.

2018, Kate Atkinson, Transcription, →ISBN, page 291:

(transitive) To work for or on, by way of caring for, looking after, preparing, cleaning, keeping in order, etc.

I did five years for armed robbery.

(transitive) To spend (time) in jail. (See also do time)


do

en-noun

do (plural dos or do's or (uncommon) doos)

dos (plural)
do's (plural)
doos (plural uncommon)

We’re having a bit of a do on Saturday to celebrate my birthday.

She was into French cuisine but I ain't no Cordon Bleu / This was at some do in Palmers Green, I had no luck with her

1980, Jona Lewie, Keef Trouble, “You'll Always Find Me in the Kitchen at Parties”, performed by Jona Lewie:

A gross-gutted, bulb-nosed, bourbon-stanky Boston flatfoot in plain clothes wrinkled white sox, with a race track tip-sheet stuffed in his back pocket trying real hard to mingle unnoticed at an elegant Buddies "do" to glean inside-dope.

1980 December 13, Mitzel, “Dale Barbre's Murder Transformed”, in Gay Community News, volume 8, number 21, page 13:

[…]; this aside, though, neon forever the moniker of trash, this is a posh do, in an opera house full of folk in tuxes.

2013 September 13, Russell Brand, “Russell Brand and the GQ awards”, in The Guardian:

(UK, informal) A party, celebration, social function; usually of moderate size and formality.


preposition

prepositions (plural)
præposition (alternative)

/ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/

From Middle English preposicioun, from Old French preposicion, from Latin praepositio, praepositionem, from praepono (“to place before”), equivalent to pre- + position. Compare French préposition. So called because it is placed before the word with which it is phrased, as in a bridge of iron, he comes from town, it is good for food, he escaped by running.

322. The parts of speech which are neither declined nor conjugated, are called by the general name of particles. 323. They are adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.

1844, E. A. Andrews, First Lessions in Latin; or Introduction to Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar, 6th edition, Boston, page 91:

And in (121) below, we see that when a wh-NP is used as the Object of a Preposition, the whole Prepositional Phrase can undergo WH MOVEMENT:
 (121) (a) [To whom] can I send this letter —?
 (121) (b) [About what] are they quarrelling —?
 (121) (c) [In which book] did you read about it —?

1988, Andrew Radford, chapter 9, in Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 495:

I love this girl. “On which I can get my hands” — even in her darkest moment, she cannot bring herself to end a sentence with a preposition.

2014 June 1, “Net Neutrality”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 1, episode 5, John Oliver (actor), via HBO:

(grammar, strict sense) Any of a class of non-inflecting words and multiword terms typically employed to connect a following noun or a pronoun, in an adjectival or adverbial sense, with some other word: a particle used with a noun or pronoun (in English always in the objective case) to make a phrase limiting some other word.


lead

en-verb

lead (third-person singular simple present leads, present participle leading, simple past and past participle led)

leads (present singular third-person)
leading (participle present)
led (participle past)
led (past)
lede (alternative obsolete)
leed (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English leden, from Old English lǣdan (“to lead”), from Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną (“to cause one to go, lead”), causative of Proto-Germanic *līþaną (“to go”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“to leave, die”).
Cognate with West Frisian liede (“to lead”), Dutch leiden (“to lead”), German leiten (“to lead”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål lede (“to lead”), Norwegian Nynorsk leia (“to lead”), Swedish leda (“to lead”). Related to Old English līþan (“to go, travel”).

der

(heading) To begin, to be ahead.
(heading, sports)
(transitive, climbing) Lead climb.


advocate

en-verb

advocate (third-person singular simple present advocates, present participle advocating, simple past and past participle advocated)

advocates (present singular third-person)
advocating (participle present)
advocated (participle past)
advocated (past)

From Middle English advocat, advoket, from Old French advocat, from Latin advocātus (“an advocate”), from the substantivization of the perfect passive participle of advocāre (“to call for”) (see -ate (noun-forming suffix)), from a calque of Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos) (whence English paraclete). Doublet of advoke, avocat, avouch, and avow. The verb derives from the noun on the basis of -ate (verb-forming suffix).

doublet

(Scots law) To appeal from an inferior court to the Court of Session.


were

Back-formation from werewolf and other terms in were-, from the same source as English wer, were (“man”) (above).

(fandom slang) The collective name for any kind of person that changes into another form under certain conditions, including the werewolf.


dive

en-verb

dive (third-person singular simple present dives, present participle diving, simple past dived or (chiefly U.S. and Canada) dove, past participle dived or (both chiefly U.S. and Canada) dove or doven or (rare, nonstandard) diven)

dives (present singular third-person)
diving (participle present)
dived (past)
dove (Canada US past)
dived (participle past)
dove (Canada US participle past)
doven (Canada US participle past)
diven (Canada US nonstandard participle past rare)
dive (infinitive)
dive (first-person present singular)
dived (first-person past singular)
dove (Canada US first-person past singular)
dive (present second-person singular)
divest (archaic present second-person singular)
dived (past second-person singular)
dove (Canada US past second-person singular)
divedst (archaic past second-person singular)
dives (present singular third-person)
diveth (archaic present singular third-person)
dived (past singular third-person)
dove (Canada US past singular third-person)
dive (plural present)
dived (past plural)
dove (Canada US past plural)
dive (present subjunctive)
dived (past subjunctive)
dove (Canada US past subjunctive)
dive (imperative present)
diving (participle present)
dived (participle past)
dove (Canada US participle past)
doven (Canada US participle past)
diven (nonstandard participle past rare)

From Middle English diven, duven, from the merger of Old English dȳfan (“to dip, immerse”, transitive weak verb) (from Proto-Germanic *dūbijaną) and dūfan (“to duck, dive, sink, penetrate”, intransitive strong verb) (past participle ġedofen). Cognate with Icelandic dýfa (“to dip, dive”), Low German bedaven (“covered, covered with water”). See also deep, dip.

cog

The Curtii bravely dived the gulf of flame.

1668, John Denham, The Progress of Learning:

The green lane is the school-boy's friend, / Low leaves his quarrel apprehend, / […] / The brimming brook invites a leap, / He dives the hollow, climbs the steep.

1867, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “May-Day”, in May-Day and Other Pieces, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 20:

(transitive) To explore by diving; to plunge into.


dive

the dive of a hawk after prey


lech

en-verb

lech (third-person singular simple present leches, present participle leching, simple past and past participle leched)

leches (present singular third-person)
leching (participle present)
leched (participle past)
leched (past)
letch (alternative)


graduate

graduate (third-person singular simple present graduates, present participle graduating, simple past and past participle graduated)

graduates (present singular third-person)
graduating (participle present)
graduated (participle past)
graduated (past)

/ˈɡɹæd͡ʒueɪt/

/ˈɡɹæd͡ʒueɪt/

From Middle English graduaten (“to graduate”), from (adjective) graduat(e) (also used as the past participle of graduaten) + -en (verb-forming suffix), from Medieval Latin graduātus, see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.

af

Fans speculate that she was forced to graduate due to harassment and doxxing by stalkers and haters.

(intransitive, Japanese entertainment) Of an idol: to exit a group; or of a virtual YouTuber, to leave a management agency; usually accompanied with "graduation ceremony" send-offs, increased focus on the leaving member, and the like.


grind

en-verb

grind (third-person singular simple present grinds, present participle grinding, simple past and past participle ground or grinded)

grinds (present singular third-person)
grinding (participle present)
ground (participle past)
ground (past)
grinded (participle past)
grinded (past)
grind (infinitive)
grind (first-person present singular)
ground (first-person past singular)
grind (present second-person singular)
grindest (archaic present second-person singular)
ground (past second-person singular)
groundst (archaic past second-person singular)
groundest (archaic past second-person singular)
grinds (present singular third-person)
grindeth (archaic present singular third-person)
ground (past singular third-person)
grind (plural present)
ground (past plural)
grind (present subjunctive)
ground (past subjunctive)
grind (imperative present)
grinding (participle present)
ground (participle past)
grounden (archaic participle past)
grind (infinitive)
grind (first-person present singular)
grinded (first-person past singular)
grind (present second-person singular)
grinded (past second-person singular)
grinds (present singular third-person)
grinded (past singular third-person)
grind (plural present)
grinded (past plural)
grind (present subjunctive)
grinded (past subjunctive)
grind (imperative present)
grinding (participle present)
grinded (participle past)

From Middle English grynden, from Old English grindan, from Proto-West Germanic *grindan, from Proto-Germanic *grindaną.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian gríende, griene (“to grind, mill”), Dutch grinden (“to grind”, rare) and grind (“gravel, shingle”), Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”).

the mill cannot grind with water that is past

I need to pontificate on something that really grinds me. So here goes. I am sick and tired of lazy thinkers using the defense of “legislated morality.”

2003, Steven Wunderink, Minding Your Spiritual Business: Life Stories with Life Sense, page 139:

(transitive, slang) To annoy or irritate (a person); to grind one's gears.


grind

en-noun

grind (countable and uncountable, plural grinds)

This bag contains espresso grind.

A specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans.

jauhatus

a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans


learned

en-adj

learned (comparative more learned, superlative most learned)

more learned (comparative)
most learned (superlative)
learnèd (alternative)
learnéd (alternative)

From Middle English lerned, lernd, lernyd, equivalent to learn + -ed, which replaced the earlier lered (“taught”), from Old English (ġe)lǣred, past participle of lǣran (“to teach”). Learn formerly had the meaning “to teach”, which is now found only in nonstandard speech, as well as its standard meaning of “to learn”.

(law, formal) A courteous description used in various ways to refer to lawyers or judges.

But our limits will not permit us to discuss the many important and curious questions respecting the science of government, to which this learned work invites attention.

1831 March, anonymous author, “The History of the Doric Race”, in The Edinburgh Review, volume LIII, number CV (book review), page 130:


lied

Borrowed from German Lied (“song”). Doublet of leed, which was inherited by Old English lēoþ (“poem”).

(music) An art song, usually sung solo in German and accompanied on the piano.


reading

en-noun

reading (countable and uncountable, plural readings)

From Middle English reding, redynge, redunge, from Old English rǣding (“reading”), equivalent to read + -ing.

(education, uncountable) The content of a reading list.


misread

en-verb

misread (third-person singular simple present misreads, present participle misreading, simple past and past participle misread)

misreads (present singular third-person)
misreading (participle present)
misread (participle past)
misread (past)

From Middle English misreden, from Old English misrǣdan (“to advise wrongly; read wrongly”), equivalent to mis- + read. Cognate with Saterland Frisian misräide (“to go wrong, fail”), Dutch misraden (“to guess wrongly”), German missraten (“to fail; go wrong; become wayward”). For the noun, compare Old English misrǣd (“misguidance; misconduct”).

cog

In the circumstances the Inspecting Officer concludes that the electric train motorman, despite his assertions to the contrary, misread the up main relief inner home signal for his own and ran past the up main through inner home signal at danger; he must therefore be held responsible for the accident.

1961 March, “Talking of trains: Collision at Waterloo”, in Trains Illustrated, page 138:

Now I'm in / over my head, with something I said. / Completely misread I'm better off dead.

2002, “Over My Head (Better Off Dead)”, in Does This Look Infected? (CD), performed by Sum 41, Island Records, via YouTube, →OCLC:

Yet her obsession with remaining inscrutable has the curious effect of making her also unable to read others—for example, she misses entirely the subversive humor of the black garage mechanic, Jimmy, with whom she deals every day, uncertain whether he is "shy or dimwitted" (19). Similarly, she misreads her one black colleague, Pompey, whom she wrongly believes has sabotaged the elevator she is accused of having misinspected.

2020, Stephanie Brown, Éva Tettenborn, Engaging Tradition, Making It New, page 146:

2020 August 6, James Vincent, “Scientists rename human genes to stop Microsoft Excel from misreading them as dates”, in The Verge:

No South African believed it was possible—not to mention desirable—to write about the country’s white people without writing about its Black citizens; everybody’s self-understanding incorporates ideas proposed by people unlike themselves.“That doesn’t matter,” one of the editors told me, warning me I’d be “misread.”

2022 October 24, Eve Fairbanks, “Why Wasn’t I Canceled?”, in The Atlantic:

To read wrongly; misconstrue; misinterpret; mistake the sense or significance of.


with

From Middle English with, from Old English wiþ (“against, opposite, toward, with”), from Proto-West Germanic *wiþi, a shortened form of Proto-Germanic *wiþrą (“against”). In Middle English, the word shifted to denote association rather than opposition, displacing Middle English mid (“with”), from Old English mid (“with”), from Proto-Germanic *midi; an earlier model of this meaning shift exists in cognate Old Norse við; elsewhere, the converse meaning shift is exemplified by Old South Arabian 𐩨𐩺𐩬 (byn, “between, amid”) spawning Old South Arabian 𐩨𐩬 (bn, “against”) and even likewise frequent reverse meaning 𐩨𐩬 (bn, “from”). The adverb sense is probably a semantic loan from various other Germanic languages, such as Norwegian med, Swedish med, and German mit.

inh

wyth (alternative)
whith (alternative)
wᵗʰ (alternative)
wᵗ (alternative)
w/ (alternative)
w (alternative)
whit (alternative)
wi' (alternative)
wit (alternative)
wit' (alternative)
wid (alternative)
wif (alternative)
wiv (alternative)

зі

before мною, Львова, and and words that begin with multiple constants

із

before words that begin with a single sibilant fricative consonant and between consonants

With your kind of body size, you shouldn’t be eating pizza at all.


rhetoric

en-noun

rhetoric (countable and uncountable, plural rhetorics)

rhetorics (plural)
rhetorick (alternative)

From Middle English rethorik, rhetoric, from Old French rhetorique, from Latin rhētorica, from Ancient Greek ῥητορική (rhētorikḗ), ellipsis of ῥητορικὴ τέχνη (rhētorikḕ tékhnē), from ῥητορικός (rhētorikós, “concerning public speech”), from ῥήτωρ (rhḗtōr, “public speaker”).

Transport Minister Marples, meanwhile, used arrogant rhetoric and showed his personal contempt for railways when confirming in Parliament that a third of the network was to be closed even before the survey results were known.

2023 March 8, Howard Johnston, “Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL, number 978, page 53:

The art of using language, especially public speaking, as a means to persuade.


mow

From Middle English mowen (participle mowen), from Old English māwan (past tense mēow, past participle māwen), from Proto-West Germanic *māan, from Proto-Germanic *mēaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂meh₁- (“to mow, reap”).
See also Dutch maaien, German mähen, Danish meje, Swedish meja; also Hittite [script needed] (ḫamešḫa, “spring/early summer”, literally “mowing time”), Latin metō (“I harvest, mow”), Ancient Greek ἀμάω (amáō, “I mow”).

cog

I consider it would engender a stiff, tame, cautious mode of play, with only now and then a mow, or a chopping hit.

1828, Sporting Magazine (volume 21? 71? page 10)

At times, they seemed to be playing an especially orgiastic version of Stick Cricket, all computerised mows over midwicket and 30 off the over.

2015, Lawrence Booth, The Shorter Wisden 2015:

(cricket) A shot played with a sweeping or scythe-like motion.


overcast

en-verb

overcast (third-person singular simple present overcasts, present participle overcasting, simple past and past participle overcast)

overcasts (present singular third-person)
overcasting (participle present)
overcast (participle past)
overcast (past)

/ˈəʊvəˌkɑːst/

/ˌəʊvəˈkɑːst/

From Middle English overcasten, equivalent to over- + cast. Compare Swedish överkast.

(transitive, bookbinding) To fasten (sheets) by overcast stitching or by folding one edge over another.