underway

underways (plural)
under way (alternative)

As Minneapolis grew, the city demanded that M&StL construct "underways" beneath city roadways.

2005, Donovan L. Hofsommer, “Adrift”, in Minneapolis and the Age of Railways, Univ. of Minnesota Press, →ISBN, page 152:

A road, track, path, or street for going under another way or obstacle; an underpass.

alikulku

road, track, path, or street for going under an obstacle

There are in fact many such subterranean underways in Germany, speeding traffic beneath bergs, burgs and villages and into and around and under big city downtowns ...

2004, Alan Goldfein, “A Wonderful Drive”, in Europe's Macadam, America's Tar: How America Really Compares to "Old Europe", American Editions, →ISBN, page 46:


dawdle

The verb is possibly:
* a variant of daddle (“(Britain, dialectal) to walk or work slowly, dawdle, saunter, trifle”) or doddle (“(Britain, dialectal) to walk feebly or slowly, dawdle, idle, saunter, stroll”), possibly influenced by daw (“(Britain, dialectal) lazy, good-for-nothing person, sluggard”); or
* borrowed from Middle Low German dȫdelen (“to dawdle”), related to Saterland Frisian döädelje (“to dawdle”); compare also German daddeln (“to play”), German verdaddeln (“to waste (time), neglect, ruin”). All of these words are assumed to be of imitative origin.
The noun is derived from the verb.

onomatopoeic

imitative

An act of spending time idly and unfruitfully; a dawdling.


undercut

From Middle English undercutten, equivalent to under- + cut.


underestimate

en-verb

underestimate (third-person singular simple present underestimates, present participle underestimating, simple past and past participle underestimated)

underestimates (present singular third-person)
underestimating (participle present)
underestimated (participle past)
underestimated (past)

overestimate

antonym(s) of “to perceive as having lower value”

nobody ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American people

nobody ever went broke underestimating the taste of the American people

I totally underestimated the task.

My point, therefore, in beginning with what everyone knows are the two main views of Othello (and hence Othello) is not to adjudicate between them, nor to dismiss both, nor to fence-sit, but to suggest that each answers to something important in the play – which also means that each underestimates something important as well.

1980, Jane Adamson, Othello As Tragedy: Some Problems of Judgement and Feeling, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 12:

Both egg dishes were accompanied by roasted baby red potatoes and fresh, baked-on-the-premises orange spice muffins with a pot of whipped butter. We cannot underestimate the gustatorial importance of the potato side dish.

1985 April 27, Sue Hyde, “Sunday Brunch with a Harbor View”, in Gay Community News, page 8:

I was alone when I read Ward’s piece, horizontal in bed after a long day, and it occurred to me that he might be misdiagnosing some of the reasons people appear to be spending more time alone, possibly underestimating the strength of virtual connections.

2022 March 12, Jessica Grose, “We’re Spending More Time Alone. Maybe It’s Because We’re Exhausted.”, in The New York Times:

(transitive) To perceive or expect (someone or something) to be less significant or difficult than it actually is.


survey

From Middle English surveyen, from Old French sourveoir, surveer (“to oversee”), from sour-, sur- (“over”) + veoir, veeir (“to see”), from Latin videre. See sur- and vision. Related to supervision.

Under his proud survey the city lies.

(historical) An auction at which a farm is let for a lease for lives.


survey

survey (third-person singular simple present surveys, present participle surveying, simple past and past participle surveyed)

surveys (present singular third-person)
surveying (participle present)
surveyed (participle past)
surveyed (past)

He stood on a hill, and surveyed the surrounding country.

Round he ſurveys, and well might, where he ſtood / So high above[…]

1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

To inspect, or take a view of; to view with attention, as from a high place; to overlook

overlook

to view with attention as if from on high


levigate

levigate (third-person singular simple present levigates, present participle levigating, simple past and past participle levigated)

levigates (present singular third-person)
levigating (participle present)
levigated (participle past)
levigated (past)
laevigate (alternative nonstandard)
lævigate (alternative nonstandard)

From lēvigātus, past participle of Latin lēvigō (“I smoothen”), from lēvis (“smooth”).

(transitive) To make into a smooth paste or fine powder.

стривам

to make into a smooth paste or fine powder


determinate

From Middle English determinate, determynat, determinat, from Latin dēterminātus, perfect passive participle of dēterminō (“I limit, set bounds”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more.

(biology) Of growth: ending once a genetically predetermined structure has formed.


misstep

missteps (plural)
mis-step (alternative)

On a high ledge, a misstep could be fatal.

[…] burdened as he was, he did not think of length or height or toil. He remembered only to avoid a misstep and to keep his direction.

1912 January, Zane Grey, chapter 8, in Riders of the Purple Sage […], New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC:

оступи́ться

a verb, to stumble, to trip, no noun exists


formate

formate (third-person singular simple present formates, present participle formating, simple past and past participle formated)

formates (present singular third-person)
formating (participle present)
formated (participle past)
formated (past)

Back-formation from formation on the basis of -ate (verb-forming suffix).

Tiger Moths from the Reserve Flying Schools at Rochester and Cambridge competed with each other at formating in the gusty conditions, Rochester just winning.

1949, The Aeroplane, volume 76, page 699:

Formating with Patty Wagstaff' s modified Baron, flown by Dale Snodgrass, was fun on a beautiful morning, though all you learn about an airplane while formating is the power response (very smooth) and the response to control pressures.

2002 July, Richard L. Collins, “Piper Seneca V: a classic light twin..”, in Flying, page 68:

Actually, the leader of the formation was supposed to maintain the eagle-eyed vigil necessary to ensure that his formation kept out of harm's way, because the pilots formating on him had to keep all their attention riveted on his aircraft; but the Air Force recognized that with inexperienced pilots leading formations it was wise to splash extra lookouts around liberally.

2003, Murray Peden, A Thousand Shall Fall: The True Story of a Canadian Bomber Pilot in World War Two, page 74:

(aeronautics) To assemble flying aircraft into formation; to fly in formation.


rebrand

rebrand (third-person singular simple present rebrands, present participle rebranding, simple past and past participle rebranded)

rebrands (present singular third-person)
rebranding (participle present)
rebranded (participle past)
rebranded (past)

Acme Co. is trying to rebrand their line of toasters under the Bewidget name.

Many have spoken about the need for a rebranding of America. Rebrand, restart, reboot.

2009 October 17, Bono, “Rebranding America”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The latter issue dramatizes the long shadow Brexit is casting on Mr. Johnson’s effort to rebrand Britain as a vital player on the global stage.

2021 June 14, Mark Landler, “Boris Johnson’s ‘Global Britain’ Makes Shaky Start at G7 Summit”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Gaining a new headcode, it is then rebranded as the 2103 Carmarthen-Fishguard Harbour - a place I'd never visited by rail.

2022 November 2, Paul Bigland, “New trains, old trains, and splendid scenery”, in RAIL, number 969, page 59:

(originally marketing) To change the brand name, logo, or image of a product or company.


rebrand

Management decided it was time for a complete rebrand.

Typically, a rebrand is either a fundamental change of the core ideology of everything you are, or at a more pithy level, a change in how you visually manifest that core idea.

2015 May 22, Jason Hartley, “Lib Dems don't need a rebrand - they need to reconnect to their existing brand”, in The Guardian:

There are a number of issues here. First up, non-traditional working practices need a major rebrand. We need to move away from the assumption that “working flexibly” means “working less”.

2015 July 6, Lottie O'Conor, “Presenteeism over productivity: why flexible working needs a rebrand”, in The Guardian:

Before engaging in a rebrand, it is important to consider how a rebrand can and will influence loyal consumers, fans, students, and alumni.

2016, “Collegiate Athletic Rebranding”, in Journal of School Public Relations, volume 37, number 2, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 264:

A change to the brand name, logo, or image of a product or company.


legitimate

en-adj

legitimate (comparative more legitimate, superlative most legitimate)

more legitimate (comparative)
most legitimate (superlative)

From Middle English legitimat, legytymat, from Medieval Latin lēgitimātus, perfect passive participle of Latin lēgitimō (“to make legal”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from Latin lēgitimus (“lawful”), originally "fixed by law, in line with the law," from Latin lēx (“law”). Originally "lawfully begotten".
The noun was derived from the adjective within English or earlier by substantivization (see -ate (noun-forming suffix)), the verb from the adjective by conversion (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)).

Rodwell was sent off by referee Martin Atkinson - who has shown 15 red cards since the start of last season - after 23 minutes for what appeared to be a legitimate challenge on Suarez.

2011 October 1, Phil McNulty, “Everton 0 - 2 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport:

According to the tweet, the encounter began with "a traffic stop for unlawful speed." If so, then the initial stop was legitimate, but in and of itself that wouldn't be probable cause to search the car. It does give an officer the right to look inside, and if contraband is in plain view, that would be probable cause. Here we don't know whether the bag full of drugs marked "BAG FULL OF DRUGS" was laying out in plain view, but it seems entirely possible.

2020 February 5, Kevin Underhill, “Bag Marked "Bag Full of Drugs" Allegedly Full of Drugs”, in Lowering the Bar, archived from the original on 2022-12-16:

In accordance with the law or established legal forms and requirements.

(of a child) Lawfully begotten, i.e. born to a married couple or later legitimated.

Besides his four legitimate wives, the caliph had dozens of concubines.

Marital.
(of a sexual partner) Legally married.


routing

en-noun

routing (countable and uncountable, plural routings)

routings (plural)
routeing (alternative)

(networking) A method of finding paths from origins to destinations in a network such as the Internet, along which information can be passed.

reititys

a method of finding paths from origins to destinations in a network such as the Internet


ferment

en-verb

ferment (third-person singular simple present ferments, present participle fermenting, simple past and past participle fermented)

ferments (present singular third-person)
fermenting (participle present)
fermented (participle past)
fermented (past)

From Middle English ferment, from Middle French ferment, from Latin fermentāre (“to leaven, ferment”), from fermentum (“substance causing fermentation”), from fervēre (“to boil, seethe”). See also fervent.

Ye vigorous swains! while youth ferments your blood.

1713, [Alexander] Pope, Windsor-Forest. […], London: […] Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC:

Pleas'd have I wander'd thro' your rough domain; / Trod the pure virgin-ſnows, myſelf as pure; / Heard the winds roar, and the big torrent burſt; / Or ſeen the deep fermenting tempeſt brew'd, / In the grim evening ſky.

a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Winter”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 165, lines 10–14:

To stir up, agitate, cause unrest or excitement in.


sambuca

en-noun

sambuca (usually uncountable, plural sambucas)

]
Borrowed from Italian sambuca, from Latin sambūcus (“elder tree”), considered to be from the instrument name sambūca for its being made of elderwood.

An Italian liqueur made from elderberries and flavoured with licorice, traditionally served with 3 coffee beans that represent health, wealth and fortune (or past, present and future).


repetition

repetition (countable and uncountable, plural repetitions)

/ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.ən/

[ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.n̩]

Borrowed from Latin repetitionem (accusative singular of repetitio; cf. French répétition). Doublet of repetitio. By surface analysis, repeat + -ition.

(weightlifting): The act of performing a single, controlled exercise motion. A group of repetitions is a set.


meta

Adjective sense 1 is a back-formation from meta- (prefix).
Adjective sense 2 is derived from noun sense 1.
The noun senses are clippings of various terms beginning with meta (prefix).
Folk etymology for noun sense 1 also suggests an acronym for most effective/efficient tactic available.

Each video sharing platform's community has a meta on how long videos should be.

I remember interviewing PewDiePie a few years ago, and he was sort of telling me about this time where it was like edgy videos were being really rewarded, so everyone was kind of chasing like edgy humor and edgy memes, and sort of trying to figure out where the edge was. And then YouTube changed the meta, and suddenly, it wasn't good to be edgy, you weren't going to make as much money or get as many views.

2023 October 27, 29:51 from the start, in Hard Fork (podcast), spoken by Kevin Roose, The New York Times:

(by extension, countable, Internet slang) An informal but widely adopted practice in a given field; a de facto standard.

Many metas on Tumblr incorporate GIFs of scenes they are referencing as well as screencaps.

2014, Jay Schnorrer, "Adding to Narration and The Johnlock Conspiracy – The Meaning of Digital Media for BBC's Sherlock", paper submitted to Freie Universität Berlin (link)

Fans create their own stories and media representation through fan fiction. They challenge the feminism in the [Sarah J. Maas] books through discussions and metas.

2018, Sarah Leiser, "Throne of Fans: Examining the Roles of Feminism, Platform and Community in an Online Fandom", thesis submitted to the University of Denver, page 84

It wasn’t until I dug into post-season-3 Sherlock meta in January of 2014 that I started to encounter "the Discourse."

2020, Elizabeth Minkel, quoted in "Under the Radar: A Conversation about Tumblr in the Public Sphere", in A Tumblr Book: Platform and Cultures (eds. Allison McCracken, Alexander Cho, Louisa Stein, and Indira Neill Hoch), page 64

(fandom slang) Clipping of metanalysis: metanalysis or metacommentary focused on media, fandom, or related topics, typically presented as an essay or dialogue.


meta

en-adj

meta (comparative more meta, superlative most meta)

more meta (comparative)
most meta (superlative)

Suppose you have a genie that grants you three wishes. If you wish for infinite wishes, that is a meta wish.

Suppose you have a homework task where you need to edit a wiki page and upload a screenshot of this entry underneath the word meta as an example of what meta is.

[…] in finessing obligations you fail a "meta" kind of obligation.

2002, Robert C. Neville, Religion in Late Modernity, →ISBN, page 31:

Besides, I can just hear Vaughan: "Very funny, Stacey, very Charlie Kaufman-esque, very meta, very '97. I can't use it."

2006, Brendan Vaughan, What Would MacGyver Do?, →ISBN, page 186:

McDonald & Dodds is back, with episode one so deliberately hammy and meta that, technically, it should have been a complete horlicks. In one scene, when they were all hanging on to the balloon ropes, Mr Bean-like, to stop Jason Watkins flying away, it sort of was.

2021 March 1, Carol Midgley, “McDonald & Dodds review – cheerful escapism and filth-free distraction”, in The Times:

(informal) Self-referential; structured analogously (structured by relationships), but at a higher level.


meta

(historical) Either of the conical columns at each end of an Ancient Roman circus.


pedal

→ Juba Arabic: bedal

→ Swahili: pedeli

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pedal (noun, verb).wav

Borrowed from French pédale, Latin pedāl(is). By surface analysis, ped- + -al.

There are three pedals on manual cars, two on automatics.

A piano usually has two or three pedals.

the pedal of a loom

Of the Adirondackers who make their homes here and then rarely use them—the outdoorsiest of the outdoorspeople—some climb mountains, others cliffs; some push pedals, other paddles; […]

1996, Galen Crane, “Gear without Fear”, in Adirondack Life, volumes 27–28, Keene, N.Y.: Adirondack Life, →OCLC, page 4:

A lever operated by one's foot that is used to control or power a machine or mechanism, such as a bicycle or piano.

(music) An effects unit, especially one designed to be activated by being stepped on.

A small organ commonly has only one or two ranks on the pedal.

(music) The ranks of pipes played from the pedal-board of an organ.


conscript

A constructed script or writing system, especially for use with a conlang or spelling reform.


misuse

en-verb

misuse (third-person singular simple present misuses, present participle misusing, simple past and past participle misused or (obsolete) misust)

misuses (present singular third-person)
misusing (participle present)
misused (participle past)
misused (past)
misust (obsolete participle past)
misust (obsolete past)

Socrates was brought upon the stage by Aristophanes, and misused to his face: but he laughed, as if it concerned him not […].

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 3, member 7:

(obsolete, transitive) To abuse verbally, to insult.


mishap

From Middle English mishap, myshappe, myssehappe, equivalent to mis- + hap.

Rome’s readiest champions, repose you here in rest,
Secure from worldly chances and mishaps!

c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

He ſvvet and ſvvet againe vvith ſuch exceſſiue ſvvoonings, as not only himſelfe, but likevviſe all the beholders, did verily deeme, that his life vvas ending. This ſtorme and miſhappe endured about ſome tvvo hovvres, after vvhich hee remayned not cured as his Maſter, but ſo vveary and indiſpoſed, as hee vvas not able to ſtand.

1612, [Miguel de Cervantes], “Wherein are Rehearsed the Innumerable Misfortunes which Don-Quixote and His Good Squire Sancho Suffered in the Inne, which He to His Harme Thought to be a Castle”, in Thomas Shelton, transl., The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC, part 3, page 136:

There are certain ceremonies which are observed once a year by a whole community or village, and are intended to safeguard its members from dangers of the forest, and from sickness and mishap during the coming twelve months.

1909, Major A. Playfair, The Garos, page 92:


labiate

en-adj

labiate (comparative more labiate, superlative most labiate)

more labiate (comparative)
most labiate (superlative)

(botany, of flowers such as the snapdragon) Having the corolla divided into two liplike parts.

huulimainen

having corolla divided into two liplike parts

(botany) of, or belonging to the mint family (Labiatae, now Lamiaceae).


labiate

(botany) A plant of the mint family (Labiatae)


invalid

From Middle French invalide, from Latin invalidus (“infirm, weak”), from in- (“not”) + validus (“strong”).

Invalidism therefore referred to a lack of power as well as a tendency toward illness. It is for this reason that I choose to discuss the invalid woman rather than just the ill one.

2000, Diane Price Herndl, Invalid Women: Figuring Feminine Illness in American Fiction and Culture, 1840-1940, University of North Carolina Press, →ISBN, page 1:


elaborate

en-verb

elaborate (third-person singular simple present elaborates, present participle elaborating, simple past and past participle elaborated)

elaborates (present singular third-person)
elaborating (participle present)
elaborated (participle past)
elaborated (past)

/ɪˈlæbəɹeɪt/

1575, from Late Latin ēlabōrātus (“worked out”), past participle of ēlabōrō (“to work out”), from ē- (“out, forth, fully”) + labor (“work, toil, exertion”). More at e-, labour.

[…] by the time of the subsequent coronation, when the Prussian king put the crown on his own head in child-like belief of the obsolete doctrine called divine right, the untiring statesman had elaborated his scheme of reform.

1871, “Bismarck”, in All the Year Round, volume 5, page 129:

The notion of blood purity was first elaborated in Europe, where it was used to separate Old Christians from Spain’s New Christians—women and men of Jewish and Muslim origin whose ancestors had converted to Christianity.

2009, Irene Silverblatt, “Foreword”, in Andrew B. Fisher, Matthew D. O'hara, editors, Imperial Subjects: Race and Identity in Colonial Latin America, page xi:

(transitive) Тo develop in detail or complexity.

rozpracovat

to develop in detail or complexity — see also work out


retrace

From French retracer, from Middle French retracier.

(television) The period when the beam of the cathode-ray tube returns to its initial horizontal position in order to start the next line of the display.


glower

glower (third-person singular simple present glowers, present participle glowering, simple past and past participle glowered)

glowers (present singular third-person)
glowering (participle present)
glowered (participle past)
glowered (past)

From an alteration (possibly Scots) of glore, from Middle English glōren, glouren (“to gleam; to glare, glower”); or from glow (“to stare”) (obsolete), and ultimately from a Scandinavian (North Germanic) language. Cognate with Low German gloren (“to flicker; to glimmer”), Dutch gloren, Icelandic glóra. Equivalent to glow + -er (a fossilized frequentative suffix). See more at glare.

suf

[...] Last Morning I was unco airly out, / Upon a Dyke I lean'd and glowr'd about; / I ſaw my Meg come linkan o'er the Lee, / I ſaw my Meg, but Maggie ſaw na me: [...]

[1720?], [Allan Ramsay], Patie and Roger: A Pastoral Inscribed to Josiah Burchet Esq; Secretary of the Admiralty, [Edinburgh?]: [Thomas Ruddiman for the author?], →OCLC, page 9:

Now look at this board that I just flung into the dark aisle out o' the way, while Monkbarns was glowering ower a' the silver yonder.

1816, [Walter Scott], chapter IX, in The Antiquary. […], volume II, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 236:

Here the Neapolitan appeared at the door, glouring at us both. Velvet-Hood was back in her place in an instant. Said he, in his snarling way, his black eyes shooting out sparkles. "What is this hole and corner work? These confidences when I am gone—speak?"

1858 May 1, [Percy Hetherington Fitzgerald], “By Night Express”, in Charles Dickens, editor, Household Words. A Weekly Journal, volume XVII, number 423, London: Published at the office, 16, Wellington Street North, Strand; printed by Bradbury & Evans, Whitefriars, London, →OCLC, page 479:

At sight of this castle or cottage in the air, Rachel lighted up. The little whim had something tranquilizing and balmy. It was escape—flight from Gylingden—flight from Brandon—flight from Redman's Farm: they and all their hated associations would be far behind, and that awful page in her story, not torn out, indeed, but gummed down as it were, and no longer glaring and glowering in her eyes every moment of her waking life.

1864, J[oseph] Sheridan Le Fanu, “Dorcas Brandon Pays Rachel a Visit”, in Wylder’s Hand. […], New York, N.Y.: Carleton, […], published 1865, →OCLC, pages 140–141:

Andersonville, to-day, presents a striking contrast to the Andersonville of the "Confederacy." [...] No bayonet gleams from the sentry-boxes on the stockade or the dark red earthworks; no frowning muzzle of field artillery glowers from the embrasures of the battery, overlooking town and prison; [...]

1868, S. H. M. Byers, “Appendix. Andersonville as It Was and Is. [From the Boston Transcript.]”, in What I Saw in Dixie; or Sixteen Months in Rebel Prisons, Dansville, N.Y.: Robbins & Poore, printers, Express Printing House, →OCLC, page 92:

This soothed the irascible fellow somewhat. Still glowering, he spraddled out of the cabin with the boys after him, and presently indicated one of the small temporary cabins with a jerk of his thumb.

1917, T[homas] S[igismund] Stribling, “The Dry Dock”, in The Cruise of the Dry Dock, Chicago, Ill.: The Reilly & Britton Co., →OCLC, pages 20–21:

She glowered at me; nothing would quiet her.

1974, Algernon D. Black, “Marriage”, in Without Burnt Offerings: Ceremonies of Humanism, New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, →ISBN, page 107:

[Charles Francis] Harding was a kindly, quiet man, though he seemed to glower through his pince nez spectacles.

1988, Robert W. Topping, “Growth under Edward C. Elliott”, in A Century and Beyond: The History of Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, →ISBN, page 227:

[A] less interesting character here than in the previous two films, Caesar glowers through the movie, as though aware that he has been condemned to a script that is rushing to clear the stage for the straightforward Planet Of The Apes remake first teased in Rise Of The Planet Of The Apes.

2017 July 7, Ignatiy Vishnevetsky, “The Ambitious War For The Planet Of The Apes Ends Up Surrendering to Formula”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2017-11-27:

(intransitive) To look or stare with anger.


glower

glowers (plural)
glour (alternative)
glowr (alternative)

She sure has an awful glower on her face.

[H]e [Rab, a dog] growled and gave now and then a sharp impatient yelp; he would have liked to have done something to that man. But James had him firm, and gave him a glower from time to time, and an intimation of a possible kick;—all the better for James, it kept his eye and his mind off Ailie.

1862, John Brown, “Rab and His Friends”, in Spare Hours, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 33:

"I thought we could go a bit farther to the back pasture. You can get a better view." / "Of the extensive Bannister estate?" she said with a wry tone. / "Of the ranch," he said, a glower showing her that he didn't fully appreciate her comment.

2015, Carolyne Aarsen, chapter 6, in The Cowboy’s Homecoming (Love Inspired Books), New York, N.Y.: Harlequin, →ISBN, page 89:

"Enough," Nathaniel repeated as he kept a tight hold on their suspenders. "What's been said was said. What's been done has been done. It's over. Let is go." / The glowers the boys gave him warned Nathaniel that he was wasting his breath.

2016, Jo Ann Brown, chapter 1, in His Amish Sweetheart (Love Inspired Books; Amish Hearts; 3), New York, N.Y.: Harlequin, →ISBN:


glower

From Middle English glouere, equivalent to glow + -er.

Table 45 presents computed relative and absolute values for the spectral radiant emittance of a Nernst glower at T = 1965 and 2000°K (the corresponding emissivities are 0.427 and 0.438).

1968, Mikaél’ A[bramovič] Bramson, “Special Infrared Sources”, in Richard B. Rodman, transl., edited by William L. Wolfe, Infrared Radiation: A Handbook for Applications: With a Collection of Reference Tables (Optical Physics and Engineering), New York, N.Y.: Plenum Press, →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: Springer-Verlag, 2013, →DOI, →ISBN, § 3 (Infrared Incandescent Lamps), page 274:


shirk

A person can have committed shirk in their lifetime and still find forgiveness (especially by saying the Shahada and becoming a Muslim). The concept is that if one dies in this state (as a mushrik, an idolator, one who engages in and does not repent shirk), there is no forgiveness.

2013, James R. White, What Every Christian Needs to Know About the Qur'an, Baker Books, →ISBN:

(Islam) The unforgivable sin of association (of something with God).


amate

From Spanish (papel) amate (“amate paper”), from Classical Nahuatl āmatl (“paper”).

An art form based on Mexican bark painting from the Otomi culture.


yahoo

From Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift, where Yahoo is the name of a race of brutes.

1835, James Holman, Travels, quoted by Malcolm Smith, Bunyips and Bigfoots (Millennium Books, 1996, →ISBN), who notes that the Australian sense almost certainly derives from Gulliver's Travels, despite Holman's report
The natives are greatly terrrified by the sight of a person in a mask calling him "devil" or Yah-hoo, which signifies evil spirit.

1985, Michael Raynal, Yahoos in the Bahamas: Cryptozoology, volume 4:

(cryptozoology) A humanoid cryptid said to exist in parts of eastern Australia, and also reported in the Bahamas.


intricate

en-adj

intricate (comparative more intricate, superlative most intricate)

more intricate (comparative)
most intricate (superlative)

From Middle English intricat(e) (“entangled, intricate”), from Latin intrīcātus, perfect passive participle of intricō, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

inh

The architecture of this clock is very intricate.

As a matter of fact its narrow ornate façade presented not a single quiet space that the eyes might rest on after a tiring attempt to follow and codify the arabesques, foliations, and intricate vermiculations of what some disrespectfully dubbed as “near-aissance.”

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter V, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

From this point of vantage, we were able to gain an impression of the massive outlines of the main structure, and its intricate maze of girders.

1950 March, H. A. Vallance, “On Foot Across the Forth Bridge”, in Railway Magazine, page 149:

Having a great deal of fine detail or complexity.

сложен

having a great deal of fine detail or complexity


virid

en-adj

virid (comparative more virid, superlative most virid)

more virid (comparative)
most virid (superlative)

From Middle English viride (“verdigris”, adjective, noun) [and other forms] + English -id (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives and nouns). Viride is borrowed from Latin viridis (“green; (figuratively) fresh; lively; young, youthful”), from vireō (“to be green or verdant; to sprout new green growth; to flourish; to be lively or vigorous”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“to procreate; to produce; to increase; to raise”). Doublet of verdant and vert.

der

Her tombe vvas not of viride Spartane greet, / Nor yet by cunning hand of Scopas vvrought, / But built of poliſht ſtone, and thereon laid / The liuely ſhape and purtrait of the maid.

1600, [Torquato Tasso], “The Twelfth Booke of Godfrey of Bulloigne”, in Edward Fairefax [i.e., Edward Fairfax], transl., Godfrey of Bulloigne, or The Recouerie of Ierusalem. […], London: […] Ar[nold] Hatfield, for I[saac] Iaggard and M[atthew] Lownes, →OCLC, stanza 94, page 231:

The palace here, and there a virid mound, / Confine a flow'ry ſpot of graſſy ground.

1758, [James Macpherson], The Highlander: […], Edinburgh: […] Wal[ter] Ruddiman jun. and Company, →OCLC, canto IV, page 52:

Virid fields would heave brownly under their ploughs; they would find that with practice it was almost as easy to chuckle as it was to cringe.

1921 October, James Branch Cabell, “The Story of the Satraps”, in Chivalry: Dizain des Reines, revised edition, New York, N.Y.: Robert M[edill] McBride & Company, page 170:

His protuberant eyeballs were veined with red like certain kinds of rare marble. He urged me to meditate upon the virid line of the whirling universe.

1977, Angela Carter, chapter 2, in The Passion of New Eve, London: Virago Press, published 1992, →ISBN, page 13:

When the liver has been struck by wind, the victim desires only to squat down and is unable even to lower his head. If the skin around the eyes and on the forehead has taken on a slightly virid hue, the lips have turned virid, and the face yellow, treatment is still possible. […] If, however, the color is a deeply virid or even black and if the face is sometimes yellow and sometimes white, the liver has already suffered irreparable harm.

1985, Paul U[lrich] Unschuld, “[Appendix: Primary Texts in Translation] Chu-ping yüan hou lun”, in Medicine in China: A History of Ideas (Comparative Studies of Health Systems and Medical Care), Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif., London: University of California Press, →ISBN, section 3.1 (Symptomatology of [the Illness] “Hit-by-Wind”), page 297:


kinda

LL-Q1860 (eng)-JutishMale-kinda (n, subspecies of baboon).wav

After the town of Kinda, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

In the wild, when a baboon called a kinda pairs with a chacma or yellow baboon, their progeny is still a baboon — but it's a hybrid of interest to Society grantees Jane Phillips-Conroy and Clifford Jolly, who are tracking gene flow in Zambia's South Luangwa National Park.

2006, The National Geographic Magazine, volume 212, numbers 4-6, page 18:

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

A subspecies of baboon, Papio cynocephalus kindae, primarily found in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, and possibly western Tanzania.


divers

en-adj

divers (comparative more divers, superlative most divers)

more divers (comparative)
most divers (superlative)
diuers (alternative obsolete)

Also the rule of false position, with dyuers examples not onely vulgar, but some appertaynyng to the rule of Algeber.

1551, James A.H. Murray, editor, A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles: Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by the Philological Society., volume 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1888, Part 1, page 217:

And his fame went throughout all Syria: and they brought unto him all sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments, and those which were possessed with devils, and those which were lunatic, and those that had the palsy; and he healed them.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 4:24:

But to-night, the third rainy evening of three rainy days, every flower in the divers china bowls, cups, vases, was withered; the harp was out of tune with the damp; and Emily betook herself to the leafy labyrinth of a muslin flounce, la belle alliance of uselessness and industry.

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter I, in Romance and Reality. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 8:

Divers plans and numerous devices were tried to stop the leakage.

1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 112:

Shortly after this I had to go out of town. Divers sound sportsmen had invited me to pay visits to their country places, and it wasn't for several months that I settled down in the city again.

One of the most formidable of the heretical movements of the Middle Ages was Lollardy or Lollery. The Lollard movement was made up of divers elements, [...]

1949, William Dale Morris, The Christian Origins of Social Revolt, page 25:

Nevertheless, a good Turkish meal was enjoyed in the merry company of Customs men and divers gaily-caparisoned officials.

1951 December, “Notes and News: Overland to Iraq”, in Railway Magazine, page 854:

Archaic form of diverse, in the sense of various or assorted.


deviate

From a substantivation of Late Latin dēviātus, see Etymology 1 and -ate (noun-forming suffix) for more.

[…] Walton has suggested that it is desirable "to name the phenomena signs of deviation, and call their possessors deviates or a deviate as the case may be […]

1915, James Cornelius Wilson, A Handbook of medical diagnosis:

Under these conditions the person who appears as a deviate is a deviate only because we have chosen, somewhat arbitrarily, to call him a member of the court […]

1959, Leon Festinger, Stanley Schachter, Kurt W. Back, Social Pressures in Informal Groups: A Study of Human Factors in Housing:

[…] The second confederate was also to be a deviate initially […]

(sociology) A person with deviant behaviour; a deviant, degenerate or pervert.

poikkeava

sociology: a person with deviant behaviour; a deviant, degenerate or pervert


jagged

jagged (comparative more jagged, superlative most jagged)

more jagged (comparative)
most jagged (superlative)


diffuse

diffuse (comparative more diffuse, superlative most diffuse)

more diffuse (comparative)
most diffuse (superlative)

From Middle English *diffuse (attested in adverb diffuseli), from Latin diffūsus.

diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis


capitulate

en-verb

capitulate (third-person singular simple present capitulates, present participle capitulating, simple past and past participle capitulated)

capitulates (present singular third-person)
capitulating (participle present)
capitulated (participle past)
capitulated (past)

The adjective is first attested in 1528, the verb in 1537; borrowed from Medieval Latin capitulātus perfect passive participle of Medieval Latin capitulō (“(originally; of a book, text) to draw up under distinct headings; (from the 15ᵗʰ c.) to bargain, parley, convene”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from capitulum (“heading, chapter, title”) + -ō (verb-forming suffix), diminutive of caput (“head”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kap-. Common participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English.

der

He argued and hollered for so long that I finally capitulated just to make him stop.

The Irish, after holding out a week, capitulated.

1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XIV, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

The CCP has refused to capitulate to Trump’s demands to come to the table and renegotiate their terms of trade.

2025 April 16, Helen Davidson, “Chinese state media tells Trump to ‘stop whining’ as trade war spirals”, in the Guardian:

(intransitive, originally only in military setting) To surrender on stipulated terms, end all resistance, give up, go along with or comply.

kapitulloj

surrender; end all resistance; to give up; to go along with or comply


capitulate

en-adj

capitulate (comparative more capitulate, superlative most capitulate)

more capitulate (comparative)
most capitulate (superlative)

It was capitulate and convenanted, that […] the river Himera, […]

1600, Philemon Holland, A translation of Livy's Ab Urbe Condita, XXIV. VI. 512:

Capitulated: agreed upon, convened, settled on, stipulated.

Reduced to heads, laid down under a certain number of heads or items.


overhead

overhead (comparative more overhead, superlative most overhead)

more overhead (comparative)
most overhead (superlative)

From Middle English owerheved, over-hed, over hede (adverb), from Old English oferhēafod (adverb), equivalent to over- + head. Compare German Low German overhoopt, överhoopt, German überhaupt.

It was Rooney, however, who produced a moment of inspiration to score a stunning overhead kick that will live forever in the memory of United's fans and extended City's dismal sequence of only one league win in their last 27 visits to Old Trafford.

2011 February 12, Phil McNulty, “Man Utd 2 - 1 Man City”, in BBC:

despeses generals

of, or relating to the operating expenses of a business


affricate

(phonetics) A single speech sound produced combining a plosive and a fricative.


denier

From Old French denier, from Latin dēnārius. Doublet of denar, denarius, dinar, diner, dinero, and dinheiro.

doublet

Upstairs she rummaged through her chest of drawers, finally unearthing an unopened pack of ten denier barely blacks.

A unit of linear density which indicates the fineness of fiber or yarn, equal to one gram per 9000 meters, used especially to measure or indicate the fineness of hosiery. Originally equal to the weight of a denier coin per 9600 aunes.


gafiate

en-verb

gafiate (third-person singular simple present gafiates, present participle gafiating, simple past and past participle gafiated)

gafiates (present singular third-person)
gafiating (participle present)
gafiated (participle past)
gafiated (past)

From GAFIA (“getting away from it all”) + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

af

QUANDRY (Hoffwoman) The famous fanzine published by Lee Hoffman of Savannah Ga. before she gafiated for the first time.

1959, Richard "Dick" Harris Eney, Fancyclopedia II:

He was quite active in the 1940's, vanished for a long while, then reappeared in the 1960's to put out lots of issues of this fanzine with the help of his wife, only to gafiate a second time as abruptly and totally as anyone ever has quit fandom.

1976 November, Harry Warner, Jr., “In One Lustrum and Out the Other”, in Science-Fiction Five-Yearly, number 6, page 11:

And I didn't so much gafiate as move to Asia.

2003 December 3, Marian Rosenberg (brucianna), “Re: Fandom”, in alt.polyamory (Usenet), message-ID <4VPxb.514513$6C4.365955@pd7tw1no>:

(fandom slang, science fiction) To drop out of fandom community activities, with the implication of "getting a life".


intermediate

From a substantivization of the above adjective, see -ate (noun-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-intermediate (adj, noun).wav

междинен продукт

any substance formed as part of a series of chemical reactions that is not the end-product

(chemistry) Any substance formed as part of a series of chemical reactions that is not the end-product.

(chemical industries) Any such substance that is produced and sold to commercial customers (business-to-business sales) as an input to other chemical processes.

(motor racing) A kind of tyre with relatively light grooving, used for conditions between fully dry and fully wet.


commune

en-verb

commune (third-person singular simple present communes, present participle communing, simple past and past participle communed)

communes (present singular third-person)
communing (participle present)
communed (participle past)
communed (past)

From Middle English communen, comunen, from Old French comuner (formed from comun (“common”)) and comunier (“to share”) (from Latin commūnico). Doublet of communicate.

I would commune with you of such things / That want no ear but yours.

c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

To converse together with sympathy and confidence; to interchange sentiments or feelings; to take counsel.


polish

polish (third-person singular simple present polishes, present participle polishing, simple past and past participle polished)

polishes (present singular third-person)
polishing (participle present)
polished (participle past)
polished (past)

From Middle English polishen, from Old French poliss-, stem of some of the conjugated forms of polir, from Latin polīre (“to polish, make smooth”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to drive, strike, thrust”), from the notion of fulling cloth.

der

The band has polished its performance since the last concert.

Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace: the first apt to give stiffness, the other suppleness: one gives substance and form to the statue, the other polishes it.

1699, William Temple, Heads designed for an essay on conversations:

(transitive) To refine; remove imperfections from.


a

head

a (lowercase, uppercase A, plural as or a's)

The letter name is from Middle English ā, from Old French, ultimately from Latin ā. Use of the Latin letter in (Old) English displaced the futhorc letter ᚪ (a) beginning in the 7th century, and partially also ᚫ (æ).

This expression is zero, for we have replaced the column of a''''s by the column of bs and hence the determinant has two columns identical.

1917, John Wesley Young, Frank Millett Morgan, Elementary Mathematical Analysis, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, page 487:

Passmore. Capital P-a-double s-m-o-r-e.

1926, George Kelly, Craig's Wife, Act I, page 5:

Note that with 18-point type, fifteen capital A's, twenty-five lowercase a's, and twelve 1's are obtained with one font. With this information, it is possible to refer to Table 10-1 which gives the number of characters for each letter, punctuation mark, or figure.

1974, Ervin A. Dennis, John D. Jenkins, “A Font of Type”, in Comprehensive Graphic Arts, Indianapolis, I.N.: Howard W. Sams & Co., Inc., →ISBN, page 26, column 2:

Across every sheet of paper were lines and lines of letters of the alphabet. A row of a's followed by a row of b's and so on, pages of them, like pages from a copy book, crudely formed as if from the hand of a young child.

2013, Margaret McPhee, Mistress to the Marquis, Toronto, Ont.: Harlequin Historical, →ISBN, page 249:

In the seventh grade I admired a charismatic, witty girl who had a particular way of writing her lowercase a's. After some practice, I took to writing my lowercase a's in the same fashion.

2014 February 23, Rivka Galchen, “What’s Become of the So-Called Literary Bad Boy?”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-02-19:

The first letter of the English alphabet, written in the Latin script.


a

The ordinal number first, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.


a

* From Middle English a, o, from Old English a-, an, on.
* Unstressed form of on.

I brush my teeth twice a day.

A Sundays

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v]:

Patent requests for machine learning activities grew on average by 28 percent a year between 2013 and 2016, the study found.

2019 February 3, “UN Study: China, US, Japan Lead World AI Development”, in Voice of America, archived from the original on 2019-02-07:

To do with time; Each, per, in, on, by. Often occurs between two nouns, where the first noun occurs at the end of a verbal phrase.


Acre

From Portuguese Acre, of uncertain origin.

A state of the North Region, Brazil. Capital: Rio Branco.


August

In some cases a month name from English. In other cases inspired by the common German given name August, from Latin Augustus.

census-designated place
census-designated place

San Joaquin County
San Joaquin County#English

A census-designated place in San Joaquin County, California, United States.


Batman

The province is named after its capital city, and the city is named after a nearby river, Batman River. See Ottoman Turkish باطمان for more information.

A municipality, the capital city of Batman district and Batman Province, Turkey.


Concord

A number of places in the United States:

A city in Contra Costa County, California.

Contra Costa County
Contra Costa County#English

An unincorporated community in Tippecanoe County, Indiana.

unincorporated community
unincorporated community

Tippecanoe County
Tippecanoe County#English

An unincorporated community in Callaway County, Missouri.

An unincorporated community in Pemiscot County, Missouri.

The capital city of New Hampshire, United States, and the county seat of Merrimack County.

Merrimack County
Merrimack County#English

An unincorporated community in Clermont County, Ohio.

A census-designated place in Appomattox County and Campbell County, Virginia.

Appomattox County
Appomattox County#English


E

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 誒 /诶 (ê̄), from E ɛ⁵⁵.

A Tai-Chinese mixed language spoken primarily in Rongshui Miao Autonomous County, Guangxi, China; Kjang E.

誒話 /诶话

a Tai-Chinese mixed language spoken primarily in Rongshui Miao Autonomous County


Lima

Borrowed from Spanish Lima, in turn, borrowed from Classical Quechua Limaq (“the one who speaks”), cognate with modern Quechua rimaq, from the name of a sanctuary identified as the Huaca de Santa Ana. The variation of /r/ > /l/ is product of the former "coastal" variety of Quechua spoken around modern-day Lima. The drop of final /q/ could be attributed either to another characteristic of Coastal Quechua or to Spanish adaptation. Ultimately, a derviation from rimay (“to speak”).

bor

Washtenaw County
Washtenaw County#English

A township in Washtenaw County, Michigan.

Beaverhead County
Beaverhead County#English

A former township in Licking County, Ohio, merged into Pataskala in 1996.

Sheboygan County
Sheboygan County#English


Reading

From Old English Rēadingas, the name of a tribe or clan of early Anglo-Saxon England whose capital was at Reading. Not related to reading.

Hillsdale County
Hillsdale County#English

A city and township in Hillsdale County, Michigan.

An unincorporated community in Nobles County, Minnesota.

Columbiana County
Columbiana County#English

An unincorporated community in Columbiana County, Ohio.

A city, the county seat of Berks County, Pennsylvania, named after Reading in Berkshire, England.


Ruse

* As an English surname, variant of Rouse, Rowse.
* As a German surname, variant of Reuss, Reusse.
* As a Czech surname, Americanized from Rus (“Russian”).

A suburb in the City of Campbelltown, near Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, named after James Ruse.


mali

Borrowed from Xhosa imali, Zulu imali (“money”), both ultimately from Swahili mali (“riches, wealth; property”), from Arabic مَال (māl, “money; affluence, wealth; possessions, property”). Some dictionaries suggest an origin in English money instead, making no attempt to account for the distribution of the loanword nor the proposed shift from /n/ to /l/, both of which make this unlikely.


capitate

From Latin capitātus (“having a head”), from caput (“head”) + -ātus, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (noun-forming suffix). The noun comes from the clipping of capitate bone.

(anatomy) The capitate bone of the wrist.


interdict

en-verb

interdict (third-person singular simple present interdicts, present participle interdicting, simple past and past participle interdicted)

interdicts (present singular third-person)
interdicting (participle present)
interdicted (participle past)
interdicted (past)

From Middle English entrediten, from Old French entredire (“forbid”), from Latin interdīcō (“prohibit, forbid”), from inter- (“between”) + dīcō (“say”), from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ-.

An archbishop [may not only] excommunicate and interdict his suffragans, but his Vicar-General may also do the same.

1726, John Ayliffe, Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani: Or, A Commentary, by Way of Supplement to the Canons and Constitutions of the Church of England. […], London: […] D. Leach, and sold by John Walthoe […], →OCLC:

(transitive, Roman Catholicism) To exclude (someone or somewhere) from participation in church services; to place under a religious interdict.


internet

en-noun

internet (countable and uncountable, plural internets)

[ˈɪntʰɚˌnɛt̚]

[ˈɪɾ̃ɚˌnɛt̚]

The noun is a variant of Internet. The verb is derived from the noun.

(countable) Any set of computer networks that communicate using the Internet Protocol; an intranet.


consult

consult (countable and uncountable, plural consults)

From Middle French consulte. In sense “council”, it represents Latin cōnsultum, Italian consulto; and it may have been often taken as a direct formation from the verb.

For firſt upon conſult of reaſon, there will bee found no eaſie aſſurance for to faſten a materiall or temperamentall propriety upon any nation; […]

1646, Thomas Browne, “Of the Iewes”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], London: […] T[homas] H[arper] for Edward Dod, […], →OCLC, 4th book, page 201:

(obsolete) The act of consulting or deliberating; consultation.


sais

saises (plural)
syce (alternative)
sice (alternative)

From Hindi (Hindustani), from Arabic سَائِس (sāʔis, “stableman, groom”), from سَاس (sās, “to tend a horse”).

der

House servants are usually either Chinese or Tamil, the former predominating, especially in towns of any size. The domestic staff will in general consist of a houseboy (in large establishments two houseboys), a water carrier (tukang ayer), whose duties include washing dishes and preparing baths, a cook, a gardener, a chauffeur or sais, and perhaps an ayah (if Chinese, amah) or two, according to the size of the family.

1935, Ralph Lionel German, Handbook to British Malaya, 1935, [London]: [R. L. German]: Obtainable from the Malay Information Agency, Waterlow and Sons, →OCLC, page 50:

[A]fter their first few days there he had hired a syce, a Malay chauffeur. The syce, who had been squatting down, sheltering in the shade of the car, jumped to his feet at their approach, opening the doors for them with an efficient flourish.

1988, Margaret Pemberton, A Multitude of Sins, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, →OCLC:

Each establishment had a retinue of Chinese or Malay servants, on average consisting of a cook, one or two "house boys," a tukang kebun (gardener), a sais (chauffeur), and an ayah or amah (maid or nurse) to take care of ironing […]

1994, Laurence C[arl] Bergquist, Destiny: A Southeast Asia Saga, 1928–1953: Singapore, Malaya, Indonesia, Pacifica, Calif.: Pacifica Press, →ISBN, page 51:

The lady – a very elegant Romanian by birth – arrived with her daughter Miriam, the English governess, the secretary, a detective, and last of all the syce, or chauffeur, who seated himself in the garden rather than wait in the large Rolls-Royce parked outside, with the family crest placed above the number plate.

1999, Mary Sydney Burke, The Soldier's Wife: Peace and War, London: Janus Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 128:

[T]he expansion of the service economy, for the home, the office and the municipality, had created a more mixed labouring world. A wealthy European or Asian home would bring together a Chinese amah, or maid, a Malay syce, or chauffeur, and an Indian kebun, or gardener, operating through a Malay lingua franca. On a larger scale, in the invisible city, ethnic communities were pushed closer together, often for the first time.

2005, Christopher [Alan] Bayly with Tim[othy Norman] Harper, Forgotten Armies: The Fall of British Asia, 1941–1945, Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 53:

(Malaya, dated) usually syce: chauffeur, driver.


bowman

(nautical) The person, in a team or among oarsmen, positioned nearest the bow.


uphill

en-adj

uphill (comparative further uphill, superlative furthest uphill)

further uphill (comparative)
furthest uphill (superlative)

“There’s a lot of uphill about a bicycle tour,” said he, “and the wind is against you.”
“So there is downhill, and the wind behind you,” said Harris.

1900, Jerome K. Jerome, Three Men on the Bummel:

The engine seemed a little sensitive to wet rails, and in consequence the uphill work was not so good north of Dundee as it had been earlier. But I have noted this same "touchiness" on the part of the "A4s", and other modern British 4-6-2s, so that in this respect No. 2006 proved no exception.

1947 January and February, O. S. Nock, “"The Aberdonian" in Wartime”, in Railway Magazine, page 9:


uplead

When the capacity at the top has been made so large compared with the effective capacity of the uplead that the current in the latter is sensibly uniform, the length of that current is sensibly the full height h of the uplead, which is the greatest available height with the given masts.

1921, L. B. Turner, Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony:

Effectively, the downlead and uplead for an individual sensor in the simple array becomes the downlead and uplead for a ladder in the subarray.

1997, L.S. Grattan, Optical Fiber Sensor Technology: Devices and Technology, page 137:

Imagine the feelings of a very young engineer when required to measure the impedance of this vast aerial system with a “tuned circuit substitution” measuring set which looked minute compared with the 12-ft-diameter aerial uplead, which required a gang to move i to the measuring set.

2003, John Bray, The Communications Miracle: The Telecommunication Pioneers from Morse to the Information Superhighway:

(telecommunications) The line or lines connecting the output of a transmitter to its antenna.


uplift

en-verb

uplift (third-person singular simple present uplifts, present participle uplifting, simple past and past participle uplifted)

uplifts (present singular third-person)
uplifting (participle present)
uplifted (participle past)
uplifted (past)

извисявам

to raise something or someone to a higher level

In an affidavit supporting an application for a court order to uplift the child, a social worker said there were ongoing family violence issues between the baby's mother and father.

2019 May 9, “Taken by the state: Don't take my baby”, in Stuff:

(New Zealand) To remove (a child) from a damaging home environment by a social welfare organization.

(law, Australia, transitive) To remove (a document) from its current possessor and take it into one's own possession.


uplift

en-noun

uplift (countable and uncountable, plural uplifts)

Recent uplift of the Maine and Oregon coasts has not been enough to "undrown" the larger valleys; the shorelines are still submergent.

1971, George Finiel Adams, Jerome Wyckoff, Landforms, page 143:

This is explained as an uplift in the coast at a rate of 16.2 mm/y in the period before 1900, a downlift of 2.8 mm/y in the period 1900-1906 and a rapid «sinking» of the coast at 22.7 mm/y in the 24 months before the earthquake.

1982, Earthquakes: Observation, Theory and Interpretation (Proceeding of the International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi"; course 85), North-Holland Publishing Company, page 517:

(geology) A tectonic upheaval, especially one that takes place in the process of mountain building.

(transport) The picking up and loading of goods to be transported by a mover.

The CMA fined the companies involved £3.4 million, which included uplifts for director level involvement.

2020, David Begg, Economics for Business, page 148:

(law) An increase in a fine or penalty due to aggravating circumstances.


uptake

uptake (countable and uncountable, plural uptakes)

From Middle English uptaken (“to take up, lift”), partial calque of earlier Middle English upnimen (“to take up, lift”), equivalent to up- + take. Compare Swedish upptaga, uppta (“to take up”).


upwind

en-adv

upwind (comparative more upwind, superlative most upwind)

more upwind (comparative)
most upwind (superlative)

in the direction from which the wind is blowing


retrofit

en-verb

retrofit (third-person singular simple present retrofits, present participle retrofitting, simple past and past participle retrofitted)

retrofits (present singular third-person)
retrofitting (participle present)
retrofitted (participle past)
retrofitted (past)

/ˌɹɛtɹəʊˈfɪt/

/ˈɹɛtɹə(ʊ)ˌfɪt/

/ˌɹɛtɹoʊˈfɪt/

/ˈɹɛtɹoʊˌfɪt/

The verb is derived from retro- (prefix meaning ‘back; backward’) + fit (“to equip, supply”).
The noun, which is first attested later than the verb, is either derived:
* from the verb (see above); or
* from retro- + fit (“act of fitting; conformity of elements one to another”).

modernitzar

(transitive) to supply (a device, structure, etc.) with new components or parts that were not previously available or installed — see also modernize

saada jälkikäteisasennuksena

(intransitive) to supply a device, structure, etc., with new components or parts that were not previously available or installed

Trams dating from 2012 have been retro-fitted with lithium batteries, with the conversions starting in 2018.

2020 January 2, Richard Clinnick, “Midlands Metro Welcomes New Catenary-free Trams”, in Rail, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 16:

The project involves retrofitting Google’s Pixel smartphones to certain subway cars to collect sounds and other data and feed it into Google’s Cloud. […] When asked why the devices were retrofitted on older models instead of newer ones, Sarno said the MTA typically uses older car models when making modifications in case there are any unwanted effects.

2025 March 9, Nic F. Anderson, “Tired of subway delays? The MTA wants to fix that by strapping Google smartphones to New York trains”, in CNN:

To supply (a device, structure, etc.) with new components or parts that were not previously available or installed; to modernize.

To add or substitute (new components or parts) that were not previously available for or installed in a device, structure, etc.

asentaa jälkikäteen

(transitive) to add or substitute (new components or parts) that were not previously available for or installed in a device, structure, etc.

The bug was so bad that we had to retrofit our patch to the last three releases, as well as the newest release.

(computing) Synonym of backport (“to retroactively supply a fix or feature to a previous version of a software product at the same time or after supplying it to the current version.”).

backport

(figuratively) To give new characteristics or make alterations (to someone or something) to suit them to changed circumstances.

sovittaa

to give new characteristics or make alterations (to someone or something) to suit them to changed circumstances


recap

en-verb

recap (third-person singular simple present recaps, present participle recapping, simple past and past participle recapped)

recaps (present singular third-person)
recapping (participle present)
recapped (participle past)
recapped (past)

They buy a lot of camelback because they recap a lot of truck tires for trailer fleets.

In 1942 almost 86,000,000 pounds of camelback—a 25-percent increase over 1941—were made available for recapping purposes, and the output of this product is continually increasing. Dealer establishments are as busy as beehives. They have about 90 percent of the recapping equipment. In the testimony before you yesterday one of the proponents of this bill admitted that independent dealers had 88 percent of all the recapping machinery there is in the United States. We estimate that it is probably about that figure, although we thought it was a little higher, probably 90 percent. In addition to recapping tires for the general public, they also are doing this work on Government-owned tires, including the military, with the result that the independent dealer has retreaded hundreds and hundreds of thousands of tires, at a substantial profit, during said period.

1943 November 10, Lyle M. Buckingham, “Distribution of motor-vehicle tires. [Testimony.]”, in Hearings Before the United States Senate Committee on Banking and Currency, United States Government Printing Office, page 51:

Are recapped tires safe? This is obviously the thing to know before you consider buying recaps.

1957 Aug, “Recap your old tires?”, in Kiplinger's Personal Finance, volume 11, number 8, page 13:

(Canada, US) To replace the worn tread on a tire by gluing on a new outer portion.


recap

He refused to buy recaps because he didn't trust them not to come apart on the highway.

As she did so, Stacy noted that the tire had been a recap—a tire created by gluing a new outer portion of tread onto the worn inner core of old tires.

2008, John Adamson, Law for Business and Personal Use, →ISBN, page 102:


recap

Before we begin with today's agenda, Alice will give us a recap of recent decisions.

With that in mind, here is an attempt to provide an overview of what's happening where, as well as a recap on some of the major announcements that have taken place in the past few months.

2020 August 12, Paul Bigland, “High Speed 2 is starting to accelerate”, in Rail, page 56:


recap

Near-synonyms: review; overview

Before we begin with today's agenda, Alice, would you please recap the decisions that were made last week?


recap

A survey of private equity firms found that most firms are comfortable with a debt/equity ratio of 4:1 following a dividend recap.

2009, Thomas Kirchner, Merger Arbitrage: How to Profit from Event-Driven Arbitrage, →ISBN, page 196:

A leveraged recapitalization accomplished by increasing the debt to equity ratio.


recap

(informal) To replace capacitors in electronic equipment.


rebuff

From obsolete French rebuffer, from Middle French rebuffer (compare French rebiffer (“to rise up, revolt”)), from Italian ribuffare.

the strong rebuff of some tumultuous cloud

1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:


soc

Are you part of any socs this year?

(UK, university slang) A society (circle, club, interest group).


syndicate

Anglicized from French syndicat (“office of a syndic; board of syndics; trade union”) on the basis of -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office, a group formed of people of this same office), equivalent to syndic (“syndic; representative; (especially) chief magistrate of Geneva”) + -at (“-ate”, forms nouns denoting rank or office), from Medieval Latin *syndicātus, from syndicus (“representative of a corporation or town; syndic”) (from Ancient Greek σύνδικος (súndikos, “advocate for a defendant”), from σύν (sún, “beside; with”) + δίκη (díkē, “judgment; justice”)) + -ātus (“-ate”). By surface analysis, syndic + -ate.
Compare Italian sindacato (“syndicate; trade union; audit, control, supervision”), Occitan sendegat, Portuguese sindicato (“trade union”), Spanish sindicado, sindicato (“office of a syndic; syndicate; trade union”).

cog

In the mid-1880s, Charles W[addell] Chesnutt broke into print inauspiciously as one member of the stable of writers who supplied humorous sketches and mildly sentimental or didactic squibs for S[amuel] S[idney] McClure's newspaper syndicate.

1980, Wiliam L. Andrews, “The Apprentice Years: Experiments and Decisions”, in The Literary Career of Charles W. Chesnutt, Baton Rouge, La., London: Louisiana State University Press, →ISBN, page 17:

A group of individuals or companies formed to transact some specific business, or to promote a common interest; a self-coordinating group.

(mass media) A group of media companies, or an agency, formed to acquire content such as articles, cartoons, etc., and to publish it in multiple outlets; a chain of newspapers or other media outlets managed by such an organization.


refund

From Middle English refunden, refounden, from Old French refondre, refonder, refunder (“to restore; pay back”), from Latin refundere; prefix re- (“re-”) + fundere (“to pour”): compare French refondre, refonder. See fuse (“to melt”), and compare refound (“to cast again”), and refuse.

If the camera is faulty, you can return it to the store where you bought it for a full refund.


choral

From Late Latin choralis, from Latin chorus.

Palestrina wrote choral music for the Catholic church.

Of, relating to, written for, or performed by a choir or a chorus.


tears

Viscous streaks left on the inside of the glass when certain wines are swirled around before tasting.


curate

en-verb

curate (third-person singular simple present curates, present participle curating, simple past and past participle curated)

curates (present singular third-person)
curating (participle present)
curated (participle past)
curated (past)

Back-formation from curator on the basis of -ate (verb-forming suffix).

What I love about DVRs is that they really allow you to curate your experience of television.

2007 May 16, “TV Networks Woo Advertisers with Fall Line-Up”, in NPR_TalkNation:

During the past five years I had the good fortune to be editor of Poetry Northwest. The magazine's mission includes curating a dialogue between poetry, the other arts, and civic life.

2010 May, David Biespiel, “This Land Is Our Land”, in Poetry, volume 196, number 2, pages 151–158:

To grasp how this all works, think of the concepts of editing and curating, adopted from publishing and art but now used constantly in the fashion world to imply judgment, taste and discernment.

2010 November 28, Laura Compton, “Shopping sites redefine fashion”, in San Francisco Chronicle, Style, page G1:

From there, click the Notifications tab and scroll down to Groups. This will bring up a page that allows you to curate what sort of Group-related activity results in e-mail alerts.

2011 February, Seth Porges, “Digital Clinic”, in Popular Mechanics, volume 188, number 2, page 105:

Sometimes, you just want to shop for the pure joy of looking at cool things. And the app for Fab, a curated shopping site, is just the place to do that.

2012 June 10, “TechBits: Fab lets you shop, if not sort”, in Washington Post:

The line between reporter and reader will blur as a growing number of people create, curate, and circulate content.

2014, Astra Taylor, chapter 3, in The People's Platform: Taking Back Power and Culture in the Digital Age, Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN:

Contemporary curating has become an absurdity. Outfits are curated. Salads are curated. Twitter feeds are curated. Bennington College in Vermont invites prospective students to curate their applications.

2015 April 18, David Balzer, “‘Reading lists, outfits, even salads are curated – it’s absurd’”, in The Guardian:

Unlike some top American actors, who carefully curate heroic roles, the British actor relishes swimming in moral murkiness, “the gray areas where you can’t easily put a definition.”

2022 October 22, Maureen Dowd, “Ralph Fiennes, Master of Monsters”, in The New York Times:

(by extension, transitive) To apply selectivity and taste to, as a collection of fashion items or web pages.


overdrive

en-noun

overdrive (countable and uncountable, plural overdrives)

From over- + drive, originally referring to gear ratios over 1:1.

/ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈdɹaɪv/

/ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdɹaɪv/

Near-synonym: top gear

In the 1970s, many transmission designs were revised to add an overdrive gear.

Cruising in overdrive at legal highway speed keeps rpm right at 1800, depending on rear-axle ratio.

1981 October, Popular Mechanics, volume 156, number 4, page 201:

en:high-ratio gear most suitable for highway use

(dated, automotive) A gear, on an automobile, higher than the traditionally normal top gear, mainly to allow better fuel economy at highway speeds. In the 21st century, such gears are no longer viewed as "extra" and thus are often not called by this name anymore.

Of course overdrive is forbidden for dump trucks in the quarry because it is unsafe, but unscrupulous workers were found to be using it because of a perverse incentive involving tonnage piece rates.

(euphemistic, slang) Freewheeling (driving a vehicle with the transmission in neutral) on downhill stretches to achieve higher fuel economy and/or speed than otherwise. In colloquial registers, ethnically bigoted variants have been common, such as Jewish overdrive (alluding to the stereotype of miserly Jews) or Mexican overdrive or Polish overdrive (alluding to stereotypes of foolishness and poverty).

(engineering, mechanical) A gear ratio higher than 1:1: one in which a single revolution of the driving element corresponds to more than one revolution of the driven element.


eval

en-verb

eval (third-person singular simple present evals, present participle evalling or evaling, simple past and past participle evalled or evaled)

evals (present singular third-person)
evalling (participle present)
evaling (participle present)
evalled (participle past)
evalled (past)
evaled (participle past)
evaled (past)

Of course, it's quite pointless to eval a piece of code that you know at compile time ...

1997, Sriram Srinivasan, Andy Oram, Steve Talbott, Advanced Perl Programming:

(programming, of software) To evaluate (or execute) source code held in a string during run time.


geminate

/ˈd͡ʒɛmɪnət/

Borrowed from Latin geminātus, perfect passive participle of geminō (“to double”).

For example, Martin (2007) notes that compounds in several languages (including English and Turkish) violate the general phonological principles in the language (e.g., English only allows geminate consonants in compounds).

2008, Sara Finley, Review of “The Representation and Processing of Compound Words”:

(phonology, of a consonant) Pronounced longer and considered as being doubled.


geminate

geminate (third-person singular simple present geminates, present participle geminating, simple past and past participle geminated)

geminates (present singular third-person)
geminating (participle present)
geminated (participle past)
geminated (past)


geminate

(phonology) A doubled or repeated letter or speech sound.


fornicate

fornicate (third-person singular simple present fornicates, present participle fornicating, simple past and past participle fornicated)

fornicates (present singular third-person)
fornicating (participle present)
fornicated (participle past)
fornicated (past)

From Latin fornicātus, perfect passive participle to fornicor, from fornix (“arch, vault; brothel”). It was customary for courtesans of the era to wait for their customers out of the rain in arched passageways.

(intransitive) To engage in fornication.


infect

infect (third-person singular simple present infects, present participle infecting, simple past and past participle infected)

infects (present singular third-person)
infecting (participle present)
infected (participle past)
infected (past)

From Middle French infect, from Latin infectus, perfect passive participle of inficiō (“dye, taint”).

Not everyone will be infected when an epidemic strikes.

Bats host many high-profile viruses that can infect humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola.

2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:

Ms. Tang’s inevitable contact with people who are ill has started to worry her. It did not help when she learned that someone living in a building near her own, in Siu Sai Wan, had been infected by the virus.

2020 February 18, Isabella Kwai, “How a Pharmacy Handles Mask Hoarders and Coronavirus Fears”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-02-18, Asia Pacific:

(transitive) To bring (the body or part of it) into contact with a substance that causes illness (a pathogen), so that the pathogen begins to act on the body; (of a pathogen) to come into contact with (a body or body part) and begin to act on it.

aansteek

to bring into contact with a substance that causes illness


overdoor

/ˈəʊvə(ɹ)dɔː(ɹ)/

/əʊvə(ɹ)ˈdɔː(ɹ)/

an overdoor lamp unit


geez

Hi geez, you alright?

(UK, Ireland, slang) Informal address to a male.


regain

regain (third-person singular simple present regains, present participle regaining, simple past and past participle regained)

regains (present singular third-person)
regaining (participle present)
regained (participle past)
regained (past)

From Middle French regaigner (French regagner). By surface analysis, re- + gain.

DUKAT: I blame no one but myself. I was indiscreet. I compromised myself and have been punished accordingly. If someone under my command had behaved so outrageously, I would do the same thing to him. Besides, I assure you, this is only a temporary setback. Everything I have lost, I will regain. It's only a matter of time.

1996, “Return to Grace”, in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, season 4, episode 14 (Science Fiction), →OCLC:

Sarkozy's total will be seen as a personal failure. It is the first time an outgoing president has failed to win a first-round vote in the past 50 years and makes it harder for Sarkozy to regain momentum.

2012 April 23, Angelique Chrisafis, “François Hollande on top but far right scores record result in French election”, in The Guardian:

(transitive) To get back; to recover possession of.


regain

Patients who plateau after weight loss are more likely to blame the regain on something that they are responsible for – the wrong course of action they took or a specic oversight that they kept repeating–rather than who they are.

By beginning deeper, this allows the opposition to start and build much higher, naturally luring them away from their own goal. As long as the actions after a regain are then quick, forward, and performed with quality, counter-attacks can prove a particularly useful attacking strategy to win football matches.

2021, Sam Hudson, Football in a Pandemic:

The samples with SAPs showed a regain in strength when stored in an RH of more than 90%.

2021, Sandra Van Vlierberghe, Arn Mignon, Superabsorbent Polymers, page 155:

Negative collective memories are effective, as much as positive memories, in choosing a regain for lost heritage building associated with them.

2022, Antonella Versaci, Hocine Bougdah, Natsuko Akagawa, Conservation of Architectural Heritage, page 375:

The act or process of regaining something.

The number of ends per inch may vary to some slight extent at different places in the width of the cloth and in different pieces woven to the same particulars , but if the regain is correctly estimated , the calculated reed to be used will be the same, unless a special reed has been used in weaving the cloth.

1912, National Association of Cotton Manufacturers, Transactions of the National Association of Cotton Manufacturers, page 105:

In particular, at high humidities the regain of wool is lower.

2008, J. W. S. Hearle, W E Morton, Physical Properties of Textile Fibres, page 190:

Because of the fiber price per pound, and the size of the lots, the regain must be determined accurately.

2017, Sabit Adanur, Wellington Sears Handbook of Industrial Textiles, page 590:

(textiles) The amount of width a woven cloth grows by when the fibers swell, used to determine the width of the reed to use in weaving.


bourbon

en-noun

bourbon (countable and uncountable, plural bourbons)

→ Chinese: 波本 (bōběn)

From "bourbon whiskey", originally "Bourbon whiskey", of disputed provenance. Generally taken to derive from Bourbon County, Kentucky, but possibly also from Bourbon Street in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Both derive from the French Bourbon dynasty, named for the lordship of French Bourbon l'Archambault. The town's name derives from Borvo, a local Celtic deity associated with hot springs, from Proto-Celtic *borvo (“froth, foam”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to be hot, boil”). See also Borvo.

der

A whiskey distilled from a mixture of grains in which at least 51% is corn, aged in charred, new oak barrels. Made in the United States.

It concerns the gnomelike quality of the average American at a party. I have been to many parties where staid American business men have been transformed by a few ryes or bourbons into unpredictable gremlins out for adventure.

1946, George Johnston, Skyscrapers in the Mist, page 17:


chela

In fact, Gilgamesh's instructions are still-valid directions from the guru to the chela.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 184:

The guru had insight. He understood his chela. The relationship between a guru and his chela was as a father to a son, as a whole person to a whole person, individual and unique.

1987, Phirozshah Dorabji Mehta, The Heart of Religion, page 36:

The guru-chela relationship was a theme in many of Nicholas's paintings. In Pearl of Searching, the guru is looking thoughtfully at a pearl necklace with his chela. This symbolizes the "pearl of great price" that gives purpose to life.

2002, Warrior of Light: The Life of Nicholas Roerich: Artist, Himalayan Explorer, and Visionary, page 52:

This, of course, is done by the guru as the result of a long process in which his consciousness must merge with that of the chela and wherein the chela is absorbed essentially into the guru.

2007, Michael Bertiaux, The Voudon Gnostic Workbook: Expanded Edition, page 455:

A pupil or disciple, especially in Hinduism. [from 19th c.]


Karen

From Danish Karen, a vernacular form of Catherine that arose in medieval Denmark. The sense "middle-aged woman" comes from the popularity of the name among baby boomers and Gen-Xers. The derogatory usage was popularized via African-American Vernacular English.

Caren (alternative)
Caron (alternative)
Caryn (alternative)
Karin (alternative)
Karyn (alternative)

Left you a lover in that far land, / O Karen sad, that you pine so long! / Would I could unravel and understand / That sorrowful, sweet Norwegian song!

1878 Celia Thaxter, Drift-Weed, Houghton, Osgood,1878, page 28 ("Karen")

I was not called Karen after Hans Andersen's dancing girl, but after a Danish friend of my mother's who married an Englishman and was my godmother. So much for our family affairs.

1918 Cecily Ullman Sidgwick, Karen, W.Collins, 1918, page 12


Karen

Karens (plural)
Caren (alternative)
Caron (alternative)
Caryn (alternative)
Karin (alternative)
Karyn (alternative)

“I pull out the dog treats I carry for just for such intransigence,” he wrote. “That’s when I started video recording with my iPhone, and when her inner Karen fully emerged and took a dark turn,” he said, using the name that has become slang for an entitled white woman.

2020 May 26, Sarah Maslin Nir, quoting Christian Cooper, “White Woman Is Fired After Calling Police on Black Man in Central Park”, in The New York Times:

It was through that performance that Amy Cooper took on the mantle of an American archetype: the white woman who weaponizes her vulnerability to exact violence upon a Black man. […] In 2020, she is simply Karen.

2020 December 27, Julia Carrie Wong, “The year of Karen: how a meme changed the way Americans talked about racism”, in The Guardian:

“If I lived Chloe’s life, where she was walking around with other wealthy people basically being upper-class Karens having a fit when their dogs aren’t allowed at yoga, then I might understand,” he said.

2024 February 2, Alaina Demopoulos, quoting Jeremy, “‘I’m annoying, to some degree’: New York’s dog owners debate Chloë Sevigny’s anti-pup take”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

He plays a suburban homeowner who loves nothing more than to snitch on his fellow whites, calling the cops on any Caucasian who steps foot on his lawn, be they old lady, a girl scout, or Colin Jost. Charlie xcx gets in on the action as his proud Karen of a wife.

2024 November 17, Zach Vasquez, “Saturday Night Live: Charli xcx has fun in otherwise middle of the road episode”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(slang, derogatory, originally African-American Vernacular) A middle-aged white woman exhibiting a sense of entitlement or white privilege.


Karen

From Parthian 𐭊𐭓𐭍𐭉 (krny /Kārēn/), from Old Iranian. The Armenian name is from Armenian Կարեն (Karen), from the same Parthian name.

Garen (alternative)
Kārēn (alternative)
Qarin (alternative)
Qārin (alternative)
Karin (alternative)
Kārin (alternative)

Կարեն Կարեն#Armenian

A transliteration of the Armenian male given name Կարեն (Karen).


Karen

Karen (ethnolinguistic group) pronunciation.mp3

From Burmese ကရင် (ka.rang), of disputed origin.

A group of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken by people of the Karen ethnic group, also called Karenic.


reprobate

en-adj

reprobate (comparative more reprobate, superlative most reprobate)

more reprobate (comparative)
most reprobate (superlative)

First attested in c. 1425, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English reprobat(e) (“condemned, damned”, also used as the past participle of reprobaten), borrowed from Latin reprobātus (“disapproved, rejected, condemned”), perfect passive participle of reprobō, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix). The noun was derived from the adjective by substantivization, see -ate (noun-forming suffix).

inh

also used as the past participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">reprobaten</i>

der

Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the Lord hath rejected them.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 6:30:


recreation

en-noun

recreation (countable and uncountable, plural recreations)

/ɹɛkɹiˈeɪʃən/

/ɹɛkɹiˈeɪʃən/

From Middle English recreacion, from Middle French recreacion, from Old French recreacion, from Latin recreātiō.

The ordinary recreations which we have in winter, and in most solitary times busy our minds with, are cards, tables and dice, shovelboard, chess-play, the philosopher's game, small trunks, shuttlecock […]

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 2, member 4:

Mercury contents did not affect recreation persay but definitely could if found in fish tissue at high levels.

1972, Peter Chan, Water quality and recreational value analysis on Lake Dubay:

Any activity, such as play, that amuses, diverts or stimulates.

rekreacion

activity that diverts, amuses or stimulates


condensate

From condense + -ate (noun-forming suffix). Alternatively, back-formation from condensation.

(physics) Any of various condensed quantum states.


relay

From Middle French relai (“reserve pack of hounds”), from relaier (“to exchange tired animals for fresh”); literally, "to leave behind", from Old French relaier (“to leave behind”), from re- + laier (“to leave”), of uncertain origin.

váltó

competition between teams where members of a team take turns completing parts of a course or performing a certain action — see also relay race

(sports) A competition between teams where members of a team take turns completing parts of a course or performing a certain action.

(athletics) A track and field discipline where runners take turns in carrying a baton from start to finish. The most common events are 4×100 meter and 4×400 meter competitions.


conglomerate

Berkshire Hathaway
Kiewit Plaza
Trellech

First attested in the second part of the 16ᵗʰ century; from Latin conglomerātus, perfect passive participle of conglomerō (“to pile into a heap, to roll together”) (see -ate (Etymology 1,2 and 3)), from con- (prefix indicating a being or bringing together of several objects) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“beside, by, near, with”)) + glomerāre (from glomerō (“to pile into a heap, to make into a ball, glomerate”), from glomus (“ball of thread; ball-shaped mass”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to form into a ball; ball”)).

The 2017 list includes 80 financial conglomerates with the head of group located in the European Union or European Economic Area, one financial conglomerate with the head of group in Switzerland, one in Bermuda, and two in the United States.

2017 December 5, “ESAs [European Supervisory Authorities] Publish the List of Financial Conglomerates”, in European Banking Authority, archived from the original on 2018-07-24:

(business) A corporation formed by the combination of several smaller corporations whose activities are unrelated to the corporation's primary activity.

кангламера́т

When sandstone is coarse-grained, it is usually called grit. If the grains are rounded, and large enough to be called pebbles, it becomes a conglomerate, or pudding-stone, which may consist of pieces of one or of many different kinds of rock. A conglomerate, therefore, is simply gravel bound together by a cement.

1838, Charles Lyell, “Aqueous Rocks—Their Composition and Forms of Stratification”, in Elements of Geology, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 27:

Calcareous lias, slate, and trap are still to be found there, rising from layers of conglomerate like teeth out of a gum. But the pickaxe has broken up and levelled those bristling, rugged peaks which were once the homes of the eagles.

1869, Victor Hugo, [anonymous translator], “Chesil”, in The Man Who Laughs: In Two Volumes, international limited edition, volume I, Boston, Mass.: Estes and Lauriat Publishers, →OCLC, part I (The Sea and the Night), book III (The Child in the Shadow), page 156:

Everywhere in the river appeared a very remarkable conglomerate, and like the slate in exhibiting all the stages of formation. The matrix was the blue clay of the bank, the rubble was the gravel of the bottom.

1870, Fitz Hugh Ludlow, “Comstock’s.—A Buffalo Hunt.”, in The Heart of the Continent: A Record of Travel across the Plains and in Oregon, […], New York, N.Y.: Published by Hurd and Houghton; […], →OCLC, page 97:

The Middle Voltaian lies unconformably on the Lower Voltaian with a basal conglomerate that can be correlated with conglomerates of the Buem Formation. Both sets of conglomerates have been interpreted as tillites, possibly equivalent to the Infracambrian tillites of the Rokelide–Mauritanide belt west of the craton […] and in the Taoudeni Basin[…].

1985, J. B. Wright, D. A. Hastings, W. B Jones, H. R. Williams, “The Pan African of West Africa – the Eastern Domain”, in Geology and Mineral Resources of West Africa, London: George Allen & Unwin (Publishers), →DOI, →ISBN, part I (The Precambrian of West Africa), page 59, column 1:

(geology) A rock consisting of gravel or pebbles embedded in a matrix.


conglomerate

en-adj

conglomerate (comparative more conglomerate, superlative most conglomerate)

more conglomerate (comparative)
most conglomerate (superlative)

The Santa Margarita Formation in the southern Temblor Range, composed of conglomerate and subordinate sandstone, evolved as a large complex of fan deltas and submarine fans in late Miocene time.

1989, Robert T. Ryder, Alan Thomson, “Abstract”, in Tectonically Controlled Fan Delta and Submarine Fan Sedimentation of Late Miocene Age, Southern Temblor Range, California (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper; 1442), Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 1:

He also documented some intercalated mottled reddish clays and marls, and the upper horizons containing bluish clays with conglomerate beds.

2015, Megh Raj Dhital, “Siwaliks of Arun–Tamar Region”, in Geology of the Nepal Himalaya: Regional Perspective of the Classic Collided Orogen (Regional Geology Reviews), Cham, Switzerland, Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, →DOI, →ISBN, section 33.2 (Siwaliks), page 433, column 2:

(geology) Composed of fragments of rock, pebbles, or stones cemented together.


conglomerate

en-verb

conglomerate (third-person singular simple present conglomerates, present participle conglomerating, simple past and past participle conglomerated)

conglomerates (present singular third-person)
conglomerating (participle present)
conglomerated (participle past)
conglomerated (past)

Some firms conglomerated with suppliers of intermediate inputs and the railroad to carry their products.

1993, “Interlocking Directorates”, in The Philippine Review of Economics and Business, volume 30, number 1, Quezon City, Philippines: School of Economics and the College of Business Administration, University of the Philippines, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 4:

The hallmark of the late twentieth century in the media industries (and adjacent/overlapping territories, such as the Internet) was the weakening of boundaries that previously distinguished arenas, enterprises, institutions, and professions. […] Entertainment media—the rapidly conglomerating TV/film/cable/publishing/music/sports/Internet megasauruses that can be seen grazing in Los Angeles and New York—represent the pattern even more dramatically than in the case of journalism.

2001, Larry Gross, “Facing the Future”, in Up from Invisibility: Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Media in America, New York, N.Y., Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 260:

(transitive, business) To combine together into a larger corporation.


outreach

en-noun

outreach (countable and uncountable, plural outreaches)


outreach

en-verb

outreach (third-person singular simple present outreaches, present participle outreaching, simple past and past participle outreached)

outreaches (present singular third-person)
outreaching (participle present)
outreached (participle past)
outreached (past)

(intransitive) To provide charitable or religious services to people who would otherwise not have access to those services.

tehdä kenttätyötä

to provide charitable or religious services


[T]o offset the massive cost of learning 101 ways to embellish spatchcock, perhaps the readers may need 101 ways to cook two-minute noodles.

1996, Samela Harris, “Introduction”, in On a Shoestring: Recipes from the House of the Raising Sons, Kent Town, Adelaide, S.A.: Wakefield Press, →ISBN, page vii:

one hundred and one
one hundred and one#English

(idiomatic) Alternative form of one hundred and one (“a great many; numerous”).


recollection

en-noun

recollection (usually uncountable, plural recollections)

recollections (plural)
re-collection (alternative)

/ɹɛkəˈlɛkʃən/

Via French récollection or the verb recollect, both from Latin recollectus, the past participle of recolligere (“to collect again”), itself from re- + colligere (“to gather”).

One of his earliest recollections.

That which is recollected; something called to mind; a reminiscence.


spinet

He gazed around until on the lid of a spinet he spotted a promising collection of bottles, gin, whiskey, vermouth and sherry, mixed with violin bows, a flute, a toppling pile of books, six volumes of Grove's Dictionary mingled with paperback thrillers, a guitar without any strings, a pair of binoculars, a meerschaum pipe and a jar half-full of wasps and apricot jam.

1956, Delano Ames, chapter 14, in Crime out of Mind:

(music) A short, compact harpsichord or piano.


Thames

From Middle English Temese, from Old English Temes, Temese (compare Welsh Tafwys), from Latin Tamesis, Tamesas. Variant spellings with h arose in Middle English due to the mistaken assumption of a Greek etymology.
The Latin name is from Proto-Brythonic *Tamesis, from Proto-Celtic *tamesās (“river, waters”, literally “darkness”), a masculine ā-stem of *tames, Proto-Indo-European *tm̥Hes-, zero-grade of *témHes-, *témHos- (“darkness”), an s-stem from the root *temH- (“dark”). Related to Proto-Celtic *temeslos (“darkness”), *temos (“dark”). A parallel in Proto-Celtic of "dark, darkness" taking on the figurative meaning of "water" can also be found in Proto-Celtic *dubros (“water, dark”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰubrós (“dark”), yielding Welsh dŵr (“water”), Irish dobhar (“water, sea, dark, gloomy”). Hydronyms with their origin in this term also occur elsewhere in Europe, for example Portugal's Douro.
Alternatively from Proto-Celtic *tā-, *tāyo- (“to melt, flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂- (“to melt”), or from unknown non-Indo-European root.
Possible cognates include the names of rivers and tributaries such as:
* Taff, Tamar (from Latin Tamarus), Tame, Tavy, Team, Teifi (from Welsh Teifi, from Old Welsh Tebi, Teibi), Teme, and Teviot (Latin Tefius, Teifius) in Great Britain
* Tambre (from Latin Tamaris), Támega (in Galician, Portuguese Tâmega, Latin Tamice), Támoga or Támboga (Latin Tamega), and Tamuxe, all of them flowing through Galicia (Spain) and northern Portugal
* Tamaran in France
* Tammaro (from Latin Tamarus) in Italy
* Demer in Belgium
* Tamyras in Phoenicia
* Tiberis (Tiber)
* Tons, Tamasa (from Sanskrit तमसा (tamasā)) in India
More at Thames.

cog

Near-synonym: (dated) Isis

(with the) A river in southern England, flowing 336 km (209 mi.) from Gloucestershire, through Wiltshire, Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey and Greater London, and between Essex and Kent to the Thames Estuary and North Sea.

A sea area centred on the Thames Estuary.

(with the) A river in the U.S. State of Connecticut flowing 24 km (15 mi.) past New London to Long Island Sound.

A town in Waikato, New Zealand, situated on the Firth of Thames (a large bay) and the Coromandel Peninsula.


infatuate

en-adj

infatuate (comparative more infatuate, superlative most infatuate)

more infatuate (comparative)
most infatuate (superlative)

From Middle English infatuate (“foolish”, adjective), from Latin infatuātus, past participle of infatuō.

inh

Helas I lamente the dull abuſyd brayne
The enfatuate fantaſies the wytles wylfulnes
Of on and hothyr at me that haue dyſdayne

1623, Joseph Hall, Contemplations on the Historical Passages of the Old and New Testaments (original title Contemplations vpon the Historie of the Old Testament), Edinburgh: Ja. Robertson et al., 1796, Volume 2, Book 18, Contemplation 4, p. 167,
There was never wicked man that was not infatuate, and in nothing more than in those things wherein he hoped most to transcend the reach of others.

Wilde was in a curious double temper. He made no pretence either of innocence or of questioning the folly of his proceedings against Queensberry. But he had an infatuate haughtiness as to the impossibility of his retreating, and as to his right to dictate your course.

1918, George Bernard Shaw, “A Letter to Frank Harris, published by him in his Life of Wilde”, in Pen Portraits and Reviews, London: Constable, published 1931, page 293:

(obsolete) Foolish, lacking good judgement.


decollate

en-verb

decollate (third-person singular simple present decollates, present participle decollating, simple past and past participle decollated)

decollates (present singular third-person)
decollating (participle present)
decollated (participle past)
decollated (past)

First attested in 1967; from de- + collate.

(transitive, computing) To separate the copies of a multipart computer printout.


bez

The second tine of an antler's beam, the bezantler.