intimate

en-verb

intimate (third-person singular simple present intimates, present participle intimating, simple past and past participle intimated)

intimates (present singular third-person)
intimating (participle present)
intimated (participle past)
intimated (past)

From Latin intimātus, see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more. Cognate with French intimer.

I will intimate you when the details are available.


coop

coop (third-person singular simple present coops, present participle cooping, simple past and past participle cooped)

coops (present singular third-person)
cooping (participle present)
cooped (participle past)
cooped (past)

Dutch Bantam
Marshall, Texas
Oxford English Dictionary
coop

From Middle English cǒupe, cupe, from Old English cȳpe (“basket, cask”) or possibly from Middle Dutch cûpe (compare modern Dutch kuip, Saterland Frisian kupe, Middle Low German kûpe), from Old Saxon *kûpa, côpa (“cask”) (compare Middle Low German kôpe, Old High German chôfa, chuofa, Middle High German kuofe, modern regional German Kufe f (“cask”)), probably from Latin cūpa, Medieval Latin cōpa (“cask”) (thus a doublet of coupe, cup, and keeve). However, the Oxford English Dictionary notes that if the word is from Latin, “it is difficult to account for the umlaut in Old English cýpe”.

COOPING. The term cooping refers to police officers sleeping on duty. […] One critic of two-man squad cars suggests that this is a recipe for cooping, since one officer can drive while the other sleeps.

2001, Mitchel P. Roth, Historical Dictionary of Law Enforcement, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, →ISBN, pages 76–77:

One of his first, and most groundbreaking, stories was about "cooping," police slang for sleeping on duty. It was sparked when Burnham interviewed Jim Curran, then a New York City policeman, who referred to someone being "in the coop," Burnham recalled. […] Burnham heard that every day thousands upon thousands of New York police supposedly working the night shift were actually sleeping, stashed in coops all over the city, only to be awakened if a crime was discovered. […] Cooping was a natural result and a dramatic example of a city agency misusing its resources.

2010, Bill Kovach, Tom Rosenstiel, Blur: How to Know What's True in the Age of Information Overload, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury USA, →ISBN, page 155:

The majority of policemen, […] act so as to save the public from harm, i.e., they shun their duties. Instead of being up and about, interfering with the rights of the people, many policemen choose the honorable way out—they coop. Cooping (sleeping in some out-of-the-way place while on duty) was a situation which enraged [Frank] Serpico. In the finest tradition of the busybody who insists on running other people's lives, Serpico insisted on being out on the streets at all hours, stopping a prostitute here, ambushing a gambler there, harassing drug merchants everywhere.

2012, Walter Block, Defending the Undefendable: The Pimp, Prostitute, Scab, Slumlord, Libeler, Moneylender, and Other Scapegoats in the Rogue's Gallery of American Society, Baltimore, Md.: Laissez Faire Books, →ISBN:

This cynicism may lead to an increased number of job actions and deviance, such as the "blue flu" or "cooping."

2012, Jeffrey Ian Ross, Policing Issues: Challenges and Controversies, Sudbury, Mass.: Jones & Bartlett Learning, →ISBN, page 66:

Cooping-prone areas are those locations where officers tend to engage in non-police activities that interrupt patrols in an unauthorized manner. A variety of such locations can be surmised, such as spending time at home or other locations not in the officer's area of responsibility while on duty. The department provided the example of officers parking in desolate areas to sleep.

2015, Steven V. Gilbert, Barbara A. Gilbert, Police Corruption in the NYPD: From Knapp to Mollen, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, pages 116–117:

(intransitive, law enforcement, slang) Of a police officer: to sleep or relax while on duty.


coop

Possibly from coop, above. Sense 2 may be from English coup (“to tilt, overturn, upset”).

cog

Fan Coops an' Carts were unco rare, / An' Creels, an' Corrocks boot to ſair. […]

1794, “The lamb-leader” [pseudonym; William Anderson], The Piper of Peebles. A Tale, Dundee: Printed by T. Colvill for the author, →OCLC, page 5:

(regional, England, Scotland) A cart with sides and ends made from boards, enabling it to carry manure, etc.

COOP, […] A cart, the box of which moves upon its shafts by hinges, by which means it may be emptied of its load without unyoking the horse, S. "The body of the cowp-cart is attached to the shafts by a peculiar kind of hinges, which allow of elevating it before, either partially or entirely, to facilitate the discharge of its load backwards, either by degrees into small heaps, or at once, without the trouble of unyoking the shaft horse." Agr. Surv. of Berw. p. 167. As used in the latter sense, the term is obviously from the v. to Coup, to overturn.

[1825, John Jamieson, “COOP”, in Supplement to the Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language: […], volume I (A–J) (in Scots), Edinburgh: […] University Press; for W[illiam] & C[harles] Tait, […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, →OCLC, page 248, column 1:

(regional, England, Scotland) A cart which opens at the back to release its load; a tumbril.


coop

Uncertain; compare English cop (“top, summit (especially of a hill); head”).

COOP, s[ubstantive] A small heap, as, "A coop of muck," a heap of dung; Lanarks[hire].

[1825, John Jamieson, “coop”, in Supplement to the Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language: Illustrating the Words in their Different Significations, by Examples from Ancient and Modern Writers; Shewing their Affinity to Those of Other Languages, and Especially the Northern; Explaining Many Terms, which, though Now Obsolete in England, were Formerly Common to Both Countries; and Elucidating National Rites, Customs, and Institutions, in their Analogy to Those of Other Nations. … In Two Volumes, volumes I (A–JUX), Edinburgh: Printed at the University Press; for W[illiam] & C[harles] Tait, 78, Prince's Street; and Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, London, →OCLC, page 248:


bifurcate

LL-Q1860 (eng)-عُثمان (Middle river exports)-bifurcate.wav

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin bifurcātus. Surface Analysis bi- + furcate.


palsy

Listen, palsy, you're not the boss.

2013, James Hadley Chase, You Can Say That Again:


Greenwich

/ˈɡɹinwɪt͡ʃ/

From Middle English Greenwich, from Old English Grēnawīċ, Grēnewīċ (literally “green harbour, green settlement”). Equivalent to green + -wich.
The civil parish in New Brunswick may have been named after Greenwich near London, after Greenwich Village, or after Greenwich Street in Hampstead, New York.

A number of places in the United States:

A township in Berks County, Pennsylvania.

unincorporated community
unincorporated community

An unincorporated community in Piute County, Utah.

Prince William County
Prince William County#English

An unincorporated community in Prince William County, Virginia.


secretive

en-adj

secretive (comparative more secretive, superlative most secretive)

more secretive (comparative)
most secretive (superlative)

From Middle English secretife, equivalent to secret + -ive.

She's a secretive girl, not giving away much about her life.

Why are you acting all secretive? What are you hiding?

Sitting back on a bench in the sunshine, Tom and I began to catch up with each other while the girls arranged their surprises at the remotest picnic table in the lay-by. Genial lorry drivers, munching wurst high in their cabs, looking down on their secretive toing and froing with interest.

1987, Christina Hardyment, “Picking up Gold and Silver”, in Heidi’s Alp: One Family’s Search for Storybook Europe, Book Club edition, New York, N.Y.: The Atlantic Monthly Press, →OCLC, page 100:


suspect

en-verb

suspect (third-person singular simple present suspects, present participle suspecting, simple past and past participle suspected)

suspects (present singular third-person)
suspecting (participle present)
suspected (participle past)
suspected (past)

From Old French suspect, from Latin suspectus, perfect passive participle of suspiciō (“mistrust, suspect”), from sub (“under”), + speciō (“watch, look at”).

I suspect him of being the thief.

(transitive) To believe (someone) to be guilty.


suspect

1942, Casablanca, written by Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein and Howard Koch
Round up the usual suspects.

A person who is suspected of something, in particular of committing a crime.


suspect

en-adj

suspect (comparative more suspect, superlative most suspect)

more suspect (comparative)
most suspect (superlative)

What I can do or offer is suspect.

1671, John Milton, “The First Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 2:

In his first book since the 2008 essay collection Natural Acts: A Sidelong View of Science and Nature, David Quammen looks at the natural world from yet another angle: the search for the next human pandemic, what epidemiologists call “the next big one.” His quest leads him around the world to study a variety of suspect zoonoses—animal-hosted pathogens that infect humans.

2013 January 10, Katie L. Burke, “Ecological Dependency”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 1, archived from the original on 2017-02-09, page 64:

Facing a backlash over the use of the term “cosmopolitan,” [Josh] Hawley later defended himself against accusations of antisemitism on Twitter as “an ardent advocate of the state of Israel and the Jewish people.” But this conflation of the state of Israel and the Jewish people is the entire point. To today’s far right, Israel is a firm ally against Islam, while “cosmopolitans,” many of whom just happen to be Jewish, are suspect.

2019 July 24, David Austin Walsh, “Flirting With Fascism”, in Jewish Currents:

What appears suspect about the Beeching Report is how quickly it was railroaded through, with the answers manufactured before the questions were asked.

2023 March 8, Howard Johnston, “Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL, number 978, page 52:

Now I’m suspect of other advice that I read in your pages.

2004, Will Nickell, letter to the editor of Field & Stream, Volume CIX Number 8 (December 2004–January 2005), page 18

(nonstandard) Viewing with suspicion; suspecting.


upgrade

en-verb

upgrade (third-person singular simple present upgrades, present participle upgrading, simple past and past participle upgraded)

upgrades (present singular third-person)
upgrading (participle present)
upgraded (participle past)
upgraded (past)

She waited a long time to upgrade from Windows 10 to Windows 11, hoping the worst bugs would be worked out before she took the plunge.

She waited a long time to upgrade Windows, hoping the worst bugs would be worked out before she took the plunge.

(intransitive, transitive, computing) To replace a program with a later version of itself, a version having a higher version number or marketed under a more recent product name.

actualitzar

to replace a program with a later version of itself


opiate

From Middle English opiate, from Medieval Latin opiātus.


opiate

They chose atheism as an opiate.

1692, Richard Bentley, [A Confutation of Atheism] (please specify the sermon), London: [Thomas Parkhurst; Henry Mortlock], published 1692–1693:

The music—the fragrance of the flowers, whose odour was exhaling in the now falling dew—the languor of recent exertion—the sense of past dangers and present security—operated on Beatrice like the first and delicious stage of an opiate.

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XI, in Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 230:

Something that dulls the senses and induces a false and unrealistic sense of contentment.


opiate

opiate (third-person singular simple present opiates, present participle opiating, simple past and past participle opiated)

opiates (present singular third-person)
opiating (participle present)
opiated (participle past)
opiated (past)

(transitive) To treat with an opiate drug.


downcast

en-adj

downcast (comparative more downcast, superlative most downcast)

more downcast (comparative)
most downcast (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”) (from Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”), from *kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”); further etymology uncertain), modelled similarly to other constructions in Middle English such as adoun-throwen (“to throw down”) and adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)). The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective).
The noun is derived from the adjective.

prefix

His fine and lovely eyes were now lighted up with indignation, now subdued to downcast sorrow and quenched in infinite wretchedness.

1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter VII, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume III, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 155:

Of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged.

отчаян

of a person: feeling despondent or discouraged — see also despondent, discouraged


windy

en-adj

windy (comparative windier, superlative windiest)

windier (comparative)
windiest (superlative)

(of a path etc) Having many bends; winding, twisting or tortuous.


arithmetic

en-noun

arithmetic (usually uncountable, plural arithmetics)

arithmetics (plural)
arsmetrike (alternative)
arsmetryke (alternative)
arithmetike (alternative)

/əˈɹɪθmətɪk/

From Middle English arsmetike, from Old French arismetique, from Latin arithmētica, from Ancient Greek ἀριθμητική (τέχνη) (arithmētikḗ (tékhnē), “(art of) counting”), feminine of ἀριθμητικός (arithmētikós, “arithmetical”), from ἀριθμός (arithmós, “number, counting”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ri-dʰh₁-mó-s, form of *h₂rey- (“to count, reason”). Used in English since 13th century.

der

ἀριθμητική (τέχνη)

Note that all correctly rounding arithmetics satisfy property A1, as do those with properly truncating addition. All faithful binary arithmetics and all arithmetics with either properly truncating or correctly chopping addition satisfy property A2.

1992, Douglas M. Priest, On Properties of Floating Point Arithmetics, University of California, Berkeley, page 17:

[The researchers] noticed many of their pieces of [plastic marine] debris sported surface pits around two microns across.[…]Closer examination showed that some of these pits did, indeed, contain bacteria, and that in several cases these bacteria were dividing and thus, by the perverse arithmetic of biological terminology, multiplying.

2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

The mathematics of numbers (integers, rational numbers, real numbers, or complex numbers) under the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.


spiel

en-noun

spiel (countable and uncountable, plural spiels)

spiels (plural)
shpeal (alternative)
schpeal (alternative)
shpiel (alternative)
schpiel (alternative)
schpeel (alternative)

Borrowed from German Spiel (“game, performance”) or Yiddish שפּיל (shpil), both from Middle High German spil, from Old High German spil, from Proto-West Germanic *spil.
Cognate with Old English spilian (“to revel, play”). See speel.

bor+

Watt gets his turn on the mic too, delivering an amusingly disjointed rap (following Minutemen tradition, he calls it a spiel) on "Me & You, Remembering."

1991, Ira A. Robbins, The Trouser Press Record Guide, Howell Book House, →ISBN:

A typical Last Poets song consisted of a "spiel," an early form of rap where song verses were spoken over conga drum percussions or jazz music.

2007, Jocelyne Cesari, Encyclopedia of Islam in the United States, Greenwood Pub Group, →ISBN:

Drawing on the smooth and steady rap style of disco DJs, the proto-rap spiel of the Last Poets and Gil Scott-Heron, various other American and African American oral traditions (including, as mentioned above, radio disc jockey practice) […]

2007, Mickey Hess, Icons of Hip Hop: An Encyclopedia of the Movement, Music, and Culture, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 17:


spiel

en-verb

spiel (third-person singular simple present spiels, present participle spieling, simple past and past participle spieled)

spiels (present singular third-person)
spieling (participle present)
spieled (participle past)
spieled (past)
shpeal (alternative)
schpeal (alternative)
shpiel (alternative)
schpiel (alternative)
schpeel (alternative)

(intransitive) To give a sales pitch; to promote by speaking.


spiel

From the Scots spiel (“game, play; curling match”) from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German spel.

der

The portion of ice set apart for a curling spiel was called the lead, rank, or rink (by which last name it is still described), and as it was then shorter than it is now — its ordinary length being 30 yards

1890, John Kerr, History of curling ... and fifty years of the Royal Caledonian curling club:

On the Dock and Greensands the classical discus, or quoit, has in season due its modicum of disciples, (b) When the Nith is frozen over its surface becomes the scene of many a curling spiel

1972, William M'Dowall, A. E. Truckell, History of the burgh of Dumfries:

A few organizational difficulties marred this spiel and the next, but thereafter most of the wrinkles were ironed out.

1989, Morris Kenneth Mott, John Allardyce, Curling Capital, Univ. of Manitoba Press, →ISBN, page 13:


cosmos

en-noun

cosmos (countable and uncountable, plural cosmos)

Borrowed from translingual Cosmos (genus name), from New Latin cosmos, from Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “decoration, ornament; order; universe; the earth, the world”) (referring to its elegant leaves); see further at etymology 1.

der

This beautiful plant was discovered in Mexico, before 1789; as seeds of it sent to Madrid produced plants, which blossomed in that year in the Royal Botanic Garden of Spain. It was first described and figured in 1797, by [Antonio José] Cavanilles, who called it Cosmos, from the Greek word Kosmos, beautiful; but this name was afterwards altered by [Carl Ludwig] Willdenow to Cosmea, as being more consistent with the rules of botanical nomenclature.

1840, [Jane] Loudon, “Compositæ”, in The Ladies’ Flower-garden of Ornamental Annuals, London: William Smith, […], →OCLC, pages 184–185:

COSMOS DIVERSIFOLIUS; var. atro-sanguineus. Various-leaved Cosmos; deep blood-flowered var. […] Seeds of this plant were received by Mr. Thompson, of Ipswich, from Mexico. It is doubtless a handsome species of Cosmos. The question is if it can be safely referred to any described species.

1861, William Jackson Hooker, “Tab. 5227. COSMOS DIVERSIFOLIUS; var. atro-sanguineus.”, in Samuel Curtis, editor, Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, Comprising the Plants of the Royal Gardens of Kew and of Other Botanical Establishments in Great Britain; […], volume XVII (3rd Series; volume LXXXVII overall), London: Lovell Reeve & Co., […], →ISSN, →OCLC:

People were attracted to him as bees are attracted to cosmos or dahlia stalks.

1947, R[asipuram] K[rishnaswami Iyer] Narayan[aswami], “An Astrologer’s Day”, in An Astrologer’s Day and Other Stories, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, →OCLC, page 1:

[P]atients with positive skin reactions to short ragweed pollen usually had positive skin reactions to cosmos.

1984 December 31, Frank E[dward] Young, Margaret Heckler, “Biological Products; Allergenic Extracts; Implementation of Efficacy Review [21 CFR Parts 600, 610, and 680; Docket No. 81N-0096]”, in Federal Register, volume 50, part II (Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration), number 15, Washington, D.C.: Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, published 23 January 1985, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3136, column 3:

The cosmos gives a perennial-like performance by reseeding, although the resulting flower may be different than the parent.

2005, Norman Winter, “Annuals: Plants that Hustle”, in Tough-as-nails Flowers for the South, Jackson, Miss.: University Press of Mississippi, →ISBN, page 24, column 2:

Any of various mostly Mexican herbs of the genus Cosmos having radiate heads of variously coloured flowers and pinnate leaves.


shako

Borrowed from French shako, from Hungarian csákó (“cylindrical military dress hat worn by the Hungarian hussars from the 18th century to World War I”).


moped

He was drunk again and moped, whining at length about his moped.

A lightweight, two-wheeled vehicle equipped with a small motor and pedals, designed to go no faster than some specified speed limit.


pone

Inherited from Middle English pone, from Anglo-Norman pone, from Late Latin pone, from Latin pōne, imperative of pōnere (“to place”).

(law, historical) A writ in law used by the superior courts to remove cases from inferior courts.

(law, historical) A writ to enforce appearance in court by attaching goods or requiring securities.


pone

en-noun

pone (countable and uncountable, plural pones)

Borrowed from Powhatan apones, appoans (“bread”), from Proto-Algonquian *apwa·n (“thing which has been baked or roasted”), whence also Abenaki abôn (“bread”).

der

(Southern US) A baked or fried cornbread (bread made of cornmeal), often made without milk or eggs.


pone

(card games, chiefly US) The last player to bet or play in turn.


spoof

Origin unknown; perhaps imitative of the spurting of a viscous liquid. Compare splooge, spoo (US slang), spooge, spaff.

unknown

Origin unknown

‘Holy-Jesus-fuckin’-Christ! I’m comin’! I’m shootin’ me bolt! I’m gonna fill ya twat with spoof!’

1982, Paul Radley, My Blue-Checker Corker and Me, Sydney: Fontana/Collins, page 141:


transpose

en-verb

transpose (third-person singular simple present transposes, present participle transposing, simple past and past participle transposed)

transposes (present singular third-person)
transposing (participle present)
transposed (participle past)
transposed (past)

From Middle English transposen, from Old French transposer, from Latin trānspositus, perfect passive participle of trānspōnō (“to put across”), from trāns (“across”) + pōnō (“to put”).

(transitive, algebra) To move (a term) from one side of an algebraic equation to the other, reversing the sign of the term.

пренасям

algebra: to move (a term) to the other side of an equation


torment

torment (third-person singular simple present torments, present participle tormenting, simple past and past participle tormented)

torments (present singular third-person)
tormenting (participle present)
tormented (participle past)
tormented (past)

From Middle English torment, from Old French torment, from Latin tormentum (“something operated by twisting”), from torquere (“to twist”).

der

The child tormented the flies by pulling their wings off.

Moyes, who never won a derby at Liverpool in 11 years as Everton manager, did not find the Etihad any more forgiving as City picked United apart in midfield, where Toure looked in a different class to United's £27.5m new boy Marouane Fellaini, and in defence as Aguero tormented Nemanja Vidic and Rio Ferdinand.

2013 September 22, Phil McNulty, “Man City 4-1 Man Utd”, in BBC Sport:

But the divine children were both noisy and mischievous. They tormented their venerable grandmother with their shrill uproar and tricky behaviour.

1913, Lewis Spence, chapter V, in The Myths of Mexico and Peru:

(transitive) To cause severe suffering to (stronger than to vex but weaker than to torture.)


viva

Shortened from viva voce, Latin for “live voice”

An oral examination, typically for an academic qualification.


invite

en-verb

invite (third-person singular simple present invites, present participle inviting, simple past and past participle invited)

invites (present singular third-person)
inviting (participle present)
invited (participle past)
invited (past)

From Middle French inviter, from Latin invītō. Displaced native Old English laþian.

to inveigle and invite th' unwary sense

1634 October 9 (first performance), [John Milton], edited by H[enry] Lawes, A Maske Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634: […] [Comus], London: […] [Augustine Matthews] for Hvmphrey Robinson, […], published 1637, →OCLC; reprinted as Comus: […] (Dodd, Mead & Company’s Facsimile Reprints of Rare Books; Literature Series; no. I), New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1903, →OCLC:

shady groves, that easy sleep invite

1697, Virgil, “The Second Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

There no delusive hope invites despair.

1782, William Cowper, The Progress of Error:

(transitive) To allure; to draw to; to tempt to come; to induce by pleasure or hope; to attract.


putting

en-noun

putting (usually uncountable, plural puttings)

(golf) A variety of golf in which balls are tapped into holes over short distances using a putter.


valence

valence (countable and uncountable, plural valences)

Sense 1.1 (“combining capacity of an atom”) and sense 3 (“one-dimensional value assigned by a person to an object, situation, or state”) are borrowed from German Valenz + English -ence (suffix meaning ‘having the condition or state of’). Valenz is a clipping of Quantivalenz (“(archaic) valence in chemistry”), from English quantivalence, from Latin quantus (“how much”) + English -i- (interfix inserted between morphemes of Latin origin for ease of pronunciation) + Latin valentia (“bodily strength; health; vigour”) (whence Late Middle English valence (“medicinal preparation made from plants”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule; powerful, strong”)). Quantivalence was coined by F. O. Ward who communicated it to the German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1818–1892), leading him to coin the German word Quantivalenz. Doublet of value.
Sense 2 (“number of arguments a verb can have”) was formed by analogy to the use of the word in chemistry: see above.

der

The combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc.


corroborate

en-verb

corroborate (third-person singular simple present corroborates, present participle corroborating, simple past and past participle corroborated)

corroborates (present singular third-person)
corroborating (participle present)
corroborated (participle past)
corroborated (past)

/kəˈɹɒbəɹeɪ̯t/

/kəˈɹɑbəɹeɪ̯t/

First attested in the 1530s; borrowed from Latin corrōborātus (“strengthened”), perfect passive participle of corrōborō (“to support, corroborate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from con- (“together”) + rōborō (“to strengthen”), from rōbur, rōboris (“strength”). Regular participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English, otherwise archaic.

bor+

The concurrence of all […]corroborates the same truth.

1832, [Isaac Taylor], Saturday Evening. […], London: Holdsworth and Ball, →OCLC:

(transitive) To confirm or support something with additional evidence; to attest or vouch for.

пацвярджа́ць

To confirm or support with additional evidence


multiply

en-verb

multiply (third-person singular simple present multiplies, present participle multiplying, simple past and past participle multiplied)

multiplies (present singular third-person)
multiplying (participle present)
multiplied (participle past)
multiplied (past)

From Old French multiplier, from Latin multiplicō, from multi (“many”) + plicō (“I fold”).
The noun presumably derives from the verb.

This follows a similar process, counters having to be removed and replaced at each stage of the remaining part of the calculation except the final one, where 2 multiplies 3 to give 6.

1983, Graham Flegg, Numbers, Dover, published 2002, →ISBN, page 154:

Of all the possible combinations of factors above, only (2#92;cdot4)#43;(3#92;cdot5)#61;23. Carefully arranging the factors, therefore, to ensure that 2 multiplies 4 and 3 multiplies 5, we have
6x²#43;23x#43;20#61;(2x#43;5)(3x#43;4)

1993, Edward T. Dowling, Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Mathematical Methods for Business and Economics, →ISBN, page 14:

(transitive, rare) To be a factor in a multiplication with (another factor).


forbear

forbear (third-person singular simple present forbears, present participle forbearing, simple past forbore, past participle forborne or (archaic) forborn)

forbears (present singular third-person)
forbearing (participle present)
forbore (past)
forborne (participle past)
forborn (archaic participle past)
forebear (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English forberen, from Old English forberan (“to forbear, abstain from, refrain; suffer, endure, tolerate, humor; restrain; do without”), from Proto-Germanic *fraberaną (“to hold back, endure”); equivalent to for- + bear. Cognate with Old Frisian forbera (“to forfeit”), Middle High German verbërn (“to have not; abstain; refrain from; avoid”) (Cimbrian forbèeran), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (frabairan, “to endure”).

cog

The kindest and the happiest pair
 Will find occasion to forbear.

1782, William Cowper, “Mutual Forbearance”, in Poems, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC:

(intransitive) To control oneself when provoked.


slough

en-verb

slough (third-person singular simple present sloughs, present participle sloughing, simple past and past participle sloughed)

sloughs (present singular third-person)
sloughing (participle present)
sloughed (participle past)
sloughed (past)
sluff (alternative)

From Middle English slogh, slugh, slouh, from Proto-Germanic *sluk-, perhaps related to *sleupaną (“to slip, sneak”) (compare Gothic 𐍃𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌽 (sliupan)).
Akin to Middle Low German slô (“sheath, skin on a hoof”). Perhaps also related with Old Saxon slūk (“snakeskin”), Middle High German slūch, whence German Schlauch (“waterskin, hose”).

cog

This skin is being sloughed.

Snakes slough their skin periodically.

When Harper came back into the infirmary of the Hyperion, Alec was laboriously trying to pull on his pants. His burned skin had healed over the intervening day, the damaged layer sloughed off and quickly replaced thanks to SAM’s efforts, but the buildup of waste products in Alec’s body from the accelerated healing had left him with sore muscles and achy joints.

2017 November, N. K. Jemisin, Mac Walters, chapter 16, in Mass Effect Andromeda: Initiation, 1st edition (Science Fiction), Titan Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 293:

(transitive) To shed skin or outer layers.

A week after he was burned, a layer of skin on his arm sloughed off.

The mud sloughed off her palms easily […]

2013, Casey Watson, Mummy’s Little Helper: The heartrending true story of a young girl:

1944 United States. Bureau of Mines · War Minerals Report 386. Google books
The adit penetrated the vug ... and at this level ... it was filled with material that had ... sloughed off the walls.

An avalanche sloughing off a Utah mountainside killed a state Department of Transportation avalanche forecaster while he was surveying snow levels near a popular winter recreation area, authorities reported.

2013 April 13, Michael Mello, “Avalanche forecaster killed in Utah avalanche”, in Los Angeles Times:

(intransitive) To slide off or flake off, as an outer layer, such as skin, might do.

East sloughed a heart.


whoop

whoops (plural)
hoop (alternative)
howp (alternative)

From Middle English whopen, whowpen, howpen, houpen (“to whoop, cry out”), partially from Old French houper, hopper, houpper (“to shout”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwōpan, from Proto-Germanic *hwōpaną (“to boast, threaten”) (compare Gothic 𐍈𐍉𐍀𐌰𐌽 (ƕōpan, “to boast”), Old English hwōpan (“to threaten”)); and partially from Middle English wop (“weeping, lamentation”), from Old English wōp (“cry, outcry, shrieking, weeping, lamentation”), from Proto-West Germanic *wōp, from Proto-Germanic *wōpaz (“shout, cry, wail”) (compare Old Norse ópa (“to cry, scream, shout”), Gothic 𐍅𐍉𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wōpjan, “to cry out”)).

inh

Mixed with the whoop of the crane and the roar of the grim alligator.

1847 November 1, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Evangeline, a Tale of Acadie, Boston, Mass.: William D. Ticknor & Company, →OCLC, (please specify either |part=I or II):

[A] great whoop of victory sounded as finally they carried the fish up the beach.

1983, The Fisherman Who Laughed, page 30:

Lavender Hearts has often been stopped by the presence of some wild woman who just can't contain her whoop or moan. Now that's community!

1991 February 11, Jennifer Justice, “Farewell Lavender Hearts”, in Gay Community News, volume 18, number 29, page 9:

A gasp, characteristic of whooping cough.

магарешка кашлица

The key to jamming through the whoops is to keep your weight to the back of the quad […] and keep the front wheels high […]

2006, Steve Casper, ATVs: Everything You Need to Know, page 104:

The “98 MPH” sign used to be on a set of particularly vicious whoops at one of John's favorite racetracks.

2009, Lee Klancher, Kevin Cameron, Motorcycle Dream Garages, page 184:


whoop

en-verb

whoop (third-person singular simple present whoops, present participle whooping, simple past and past participle whooped)

whoops (present singular third-person)
whooping (participle present)
whooped (participle past)
whooped (past)
hoop (alternative)
howp (alternative)

I made a speaking trumpet of my hands and commenced to whoop “Ahoy!” and “Hello!” at the top of my lungs. […] The Colonel woke up, and, after asking what in brimstone was the matter, opened his mouth and roared “Hi!” and “Hello!” like the bull of Bashan.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

To cough or breathe with a sonorous inspiration, as in whooping cough.


intrigue

en-noun

intrigue (countable and uncountable, plural intrigues)

intrigues (plural)
entrigue (alternative)

Borrowed from French intrigue, from Italian intricare, from Latin intrīcō (“I entangle, perplex, embarrass”). Doublet of intricate.

der

The plot of a play, poem or romance; the series of complications in which a writer involves their imaginary characters.


Noel

* (names): From Noel in the sense of Christmas; given since Middle Ages to children born at Christmastide.
* (city in Missouri): Named for brothers Clark Wallace and William Jasper Noel, stockmen and owners of a sawmill.
* (community of Nova Scotia, Canada): Named after its most prominent resident, Noël Doiron.

When Noel came, noisily bursting through the back door with buckets of cleansers and sponges, I introduced myself. "Just call me Noelle," he said of himself. "When I was little they used to call me Noel, Noel, the toilet bowl. Although now I have thought of painting that on the side of my van. It might be good for business? I don't know."

2009, Lorrie Moore, A Gate at the Stairs, Faber and Faber, →ISBN, page 162:


console

Borrowed from French console (“bracket”, noun), from consoler (“to console, to comfort”, verb).
Sense of “bracket” either due to a bracket alleviating the load, or due to brackets being decorated with the Christian figure of a consolateur (“consoler”), itself perhaps a pun on the first sense (alleviating load).
Originally used for the bracket itself, then for wall-mounted tables (mounted with a bracket), then for free-standing tables placed against a wall. Use for control system dates at least to 1880s for an “organ console”; use for electrical or electronic control systems dates at least to 1930s in radio, television, and system control, particularly as “mixer console” or “control console”, attached to an equipment rack. This was popularized in computers by mainframes such as the IBM 704 (1954) in terms such as “operator’s console” or “console typewriter”, and then generalized to any attached equipment, particularly for user interaction. The automotive sense harks back to earlier use as “support”.

An instrument with displays and an input device that is used to monitor and control an electronic system.

The keyboard and screen of a computer or other electronic device.

Consoles continue to gain traction in the video game market.

I rarely play FPS on a PC these days. I'm lazy and it's just so much easier to stick on Halo or Modern Warfare 2 on a console. Plus after a day in front of a PC I don't necessarily want to spend an evening in front of one.

2010 September 21, Greg Howson, “Are consoles really better than PCs at shooter games?”, in The Guardian:

video game console
video game console#English

конзола

video games: device dedicated to playing video games

The operating console of the new Glasgow Central cabin is divided into four sections, each at an angle to each other and each of which is normally under one signalman's control; [...]

1961 March, “The new Glasgow Central signalbox”, in Trains Illustrated, page 177:


replay

As late as 1971 he was still chasing silverware, helping Real reach the European Cup-Winners' Cup final where they were beaten in a replay by a Peter Osgood goal for Chelsea.

2008, Jimmy Greaves, Football's Great Heroes and Entertainers:

(sports) A replayed match, often after the first game or match ended in a draw; a rematch.


misdeal

Now, Bill, that was your third misdeal.


lactate

From lactic acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(chemistry) Any salt or ester of lactic acid.


pastel

en-noun

pastel (countable and uncountable, plural pastels)

Borrowed from French pastel, from Italian pastello (“pastel”), from Medieval Latin pastellum (“dough, paste”), from Latin pasta (“dough, paste”), ultimately from Ancient Greek πάστη (pástē, “dough, paste”). Doublet of pastegh, pastiglia, pastila, pastilla, and pastille.

doublet

(art) A drawing made with any of those colors.


pastel

en-noun

pastel (countable and uncountable, plural pastels or pasteles)

Borrowed from Spanish pastel, ultimately the same word as Etymology 1.

A traditional dish in various Latin American countries, resembling a tamale, pasty, or calzone.

A Filipino stew made with vegetables, sausages, and chicken or other meat in a creamy sauce.


incline

inclines (plural)
encline (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English enclinen, from Old French encliner (modern incliner), from Latin inclīnō (“incline, tilt”), from in- + clīnō (compare -cline), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (English lean).

the Pleasant Street Incline


pud

According to the OED, a nursery word. Perhaps from or related to Dutch poot (“hand”).

onomatopoeic

nursery word

The kangaroos — your Aborigines — do they keep their primitive simplicity un-Europe-tainted, with those little short fore puds, looking like a lesson framed by Nature to the pickpocket!

1823, Elia [pseudonym; Charles Lamb], Elia. Essays which have Appeared under that Signature in The London Magazine, London: […] [Thomas Davison] for Taylor and Hessey, […], →OCLC:

(dated, colloquial) Child's hand; child's fist.


inebriate

From Latin inēbriō, inēbriāre, from ēbrius (“drunk”).

As he walked along, the inebriate, whose gait was at first unsteady, recovered his equilibrium and required less help.

1889, Horatio Alger, chapter 18, in Driven From Home:

A person who is intoxicated, especially one who is habitually drunk.


heteronym

Coined around 1900, either from hetero- (“different”) + -onym (“name”) or from Ancient Greek ἑτερώνυμος (heterṓnumos), or perhaps both.

polyphone

a letter [or combination of letters] that can be pronounced in two or more different ways, such as 長 / 长 in Chinese, pronounced [cháng] in the sense of ’long’ and [zhǎng] in the sense of ’to grow’

(literature) A fictitious character created by an author for the purpose of writing in a different style.

heteronyymi

fictitious character writing in a different style


gill

From Middle English gille, gylle (“gill”), of North Germanic origin, akin to Danish gælle, Swedish gäl, Norwegian gjelle, and further to Old Norse gjǫlnar (“lips”), which also may have had the meaning of "gills" (based on Old Danish fiskegæln (“gills”)). The Old Norse word has been suggested as deriving from Proto-Germanic *gelunō (“jaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-, which would make it root-cognate to Ancient Greek χελύνη (khelúnē, “lip, jaw”), χεῖλος (kheîlos, “lip”).
Displaced native Old English ċīe.

cog

Gill nets are designed to catch a fish by the gills.


gill

From Middle English gille, from Old French gille (“a wine measure”), from Medieval Latin gillo (“earthenware jar”).

der

(archaic, British) A measuring jug holding a quarter or half a pint.

(dated, US) A unit of measure equal to 4 US fluid ounces (half a cup, a quarter of a US pint), approximately 118 milliliters.


defecate

en-adj

defecate (comparative more defecate, superlative most defecate)

more defecate (comparative)
most defecate (superlative)
defæcate (alternative archaic)
defaecate (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin dēfaecātus, the perfect passive participle of dēfaecō, see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and -ate (adjective-forming suffix). See also faeces; cognate with French déféquer.

Till the soul be defecate from the dregs of sense.

1699, William Bates, Spiritual Perfection, unfolded and enforced:

(obsolete) Freed from pollutants, dregs, lees, etc.; refined; purified.


revamp

en-verb

revamp (third-person singular simple present revamps, present participle revamping, simple past and past participle revamped)

revamps (present singular third-person)
revamping (participle present)
revamped (participle past)
revamped (past)

The verb is derived from re- (prefix meaning ‘again, anew’) + vamp (“to patch, repair, or refurbish”). The noun is derived from the verb.

prefix

They plan to revamp the historical theater in the old downtown.

But the great man [Thomas Carlyle] has great littlenesses, the original sometimes revamps old thoughts, the strong reasoner may beg his question and build a strong hypothesis on assumed premises, and the clear writer frequently gets into the predicament which formed the countryman's definition of a metaphysical colloquy— […]

1842 May 21, “The International Copy-right Law”, in Brother Jonathan: A Weekly Compend of Belles Lettres and the Fine Arts, Standard Literature, and General Intelligence, volume II, number 4, New York, N.Y.: Wilson & Company, […], →OCLC, page 74, column 1:

[T]hey did not revise, revamp, and reiterate the argument that I have heard so often from that side of the Chamber, and sometimes on this, that it would be very wicked and wrong and unpatriotic for this Republic to compel by force, against the will of the people, the annexation of the Philippine Islands to the United States.

1899 February 10, Marriott Henry Brosius, “Sundry Civil Appropriation Bill”, in Congressional Record: […] (United States House of Representatives, 55th Congress, 3rd session), volume XXXII, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 1692, column 1:

The audience snickered, and Nan saw the startled flash of pain in his sunken eyes. His long fingers closed convulsively as he nerved himself to face them, and then, with a gulp of nervousness he began his monologue of ancient conundrums and jokes, not too skilfully revamped.

1914, Caroline Lockhart, “The Foreman of the L.X.”, in The Full of the Moon, Philadelphia, Pa., London: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →OCLC, page 53:

He went back to his play like an opium-smoker back to his drug. He revised and re-arranged and revamped. He closed his eyes, valiantly, and cut away whole act-ends, at one grim stroke, like a surgeon operating on his own flesh and blood.

1920 December, Arthur Stringer, “A Sense of Humor: A Christmas Story”, in Canadian Home Journal, volume 17, number 8, Toronto, Ont.: Home Journal Pub. Co., →OCLC, page 8, columns 2–3:

The tools of government which we had in 1933 are outmoded. We have had to forge new tools for a new role of government in democracy—a role of new responsibility for new needs and increased responsibility for old needs, long neglected. […] Most of us recognize that none of these tools can be put to maximum effectiveness unless the executive processes of government are revamped—reorganized, if you will—into more effective combination.

1939 January 4, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, President of the United States, “Message of the President of the United States [Sixth State of the Union Address]”, in Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the 76th Congress, First Session (joint session of the United States Senate and House of Representatives), volume 84, part 1, Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 75–76:

There was a great demand for cars, but as the trade fell off people became more particular and it was found necessary to revamp the construction of nearly all the cars, the Buick and the Cadillac excepted, but the other three cars were in very bad condition and had to be rebuilt entirely on new lines.

1955 June 14, Pierre S[amuel] du Pont (witness), United States of America, Appellant, vs. E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, et al.: Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois: […] , volume I (Transcript of Record), Washington, D.C.: Judd & Detweiler, →OCLC, page 841:

When we learned that the O.E.D. Online was revamped late last year, we jumped at the chance to learn more about how this esteemed publication (which first stirred to life in 1857) was adapting itself for a modern online audience.

2011 January 14, J. D. Biersdorfer, “ArtsBeat: The revamped O.E.D. Online”, in New York Times Blog, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, archived from the original on 2021-02-07:

We must harness new ideas and technology to remake our government, revamp our tax code, reform our schools, and empower our citizens with the skills they need to work harder, learn more, and reach higher.

2013 January 21, Barack Obama, “Inaugural Address by President Barack Obama”, in The White House, archived from the original on 2021-08-06:

"We'll work on revamping our strategy in the morning," I say, "Now I think we all need some sleep. It's been a long night."

2021, MarcyKate Connolly, Heartless Heirs, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Blink, HarperCollins, →ISBN:

aprimorate (non-native speakers’ English (chiefly Portuguese))

(transitive) To improve, renew, renovate, or revise (something).

أَحْيَا

to improve, renew, renovate, or revise (something)


angulate

en-adj

angulate (comparative more angulate, superlative most angulate)

more angulate (comparative)
most angulate (superlative)

/ˈæŋɡjʊleɪt/

angulate leaves


overlap

From over- + lap.
Cognate with Dutch overlap.

(rugby) a situation in the game where an attacking line has more players in it than the defensive line coming to meet it. The attacking side may exploit the overlap by using their superior numbers to break the opposition's defensive line. If attackers outnumber defenders by more than one player this is often termed a two man overlap or three man overlap, etc. If the attacking side fails to break through usually due to poor execution, they are said to waste an overlap.


reproof

en-noun

reproof (countable and uncountable, plural reproofs)

From Old French reprove, from reprover. See reprove.

You could not give me a greater reproof for the mistake I fell into. It was all my doing, I know. I have not forgotten it, I assure you.

1815, Jane Austen, Emma, volume II, chapter 13:

On at least one such occasion, in L.N.E.R. days, I discovered later that what I had written was precisely what the authorities wanted to be said, though it would have been highly impolitic for my chief to have given me this information rather than the formal reproof that I received!

1956 January, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 4:

An act or instance of reproving or of reprobating; a rebuke, a reproach, an admonition.


reprove

en-verb

reprove (third-person singular simple present reproves, present participle reproving, simple past and past participle reproved)

reproves (present singular third-person)
reproving (participle present)
reproved (participle past)
reproved (past)

From Middle English repreven, reproven, from Anglo-Norman reprover, Middle French reprouver, from Latin reprobāre. Doublet of reprobate.

Reprove not a scorner, lest he hate thee: rebuke a wise man, and he will love thee.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 9:8:

(transitive) To criticise, rebuke or reprimand (someone), usually in a gentle and kind tone.

She ached to be with Affad again – and to reprove the feeling she frowned and bit her lip.

1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance, Faber & Faber 2004 (Avignon Quintet), p. 856

(transitive) To deny or reject (a feeling, behaviour, action etc.).


reprove

reprove (third-person singular simple present reproves, present participle reproving, simple past reproved, past participle reproved or (rare) reproven)

reproves (present singular third-person)
reproving (participle present)
reproved (past)
reproved (participle past)
reproven (participle past rare)
re-prove (alternative)

As we've just learned, as long as we live in the manifest realm, a hero's journey is never over. We are constantly having to reprove ourselves.

2012, Gary Stamper, Awakening the New Masculine: The Path of the Integral Warrior:

Often, previously-known results will be streamlined, reworded, or reproven to make them directly relevant to the results of this paper.

2015, Matthew Zawodniak, “A Moduli Space for Rational Homotopy Types with the Same Homotopy Lie Algebra”, in arXiv:


recreate

recreate (third-person singular simple present recreates, present participle recreating, simple past and past participle recreated)

recreates (present singular third-person)
recreating (participle present)
recreated (participle past)
recreated (past)
re-create (alternative)

/ɹiːkɹɪˈeɪt/

(sometimes proscribed) Alternative form of re-create.


marked

en-adj

marked (comparative more marked, superlative most marked)

more marked (comparative)
most marked (superlative)
markèd (alternative)

From mark (“sign, characteristic, visible impression”) + -ed.
Less common disyllabic pronunciation (/ˈmɑː.kɪd/) is likely an analogy derived from markedness (explaining its restriction to sense 2).

affix

A marked man.

Singled out; suspicious; treated with hostility; the object of vengeance.

megbélyegzett

singled out; suspicious; treated with hostility; the object of vengeance


captivate

en-verb

captivate (third-person singular simple present captivates, present participle captivating, simple past and past participle captivated)

captivates (present singular third-person)
captivating (participle present)
captivated (participle past)
captivated (past)
captivate (infinitive)
captivate (first-person present singular)
captivated (first-person past singular)
captivate (present second-person singular)
captivatest (archaic present second-person singular)
captivated (past second-person singular)
captivatedst (archaic past second-person singular)
captivates (present singular third-person)
captivateth (archaic present singular third-person)
captivated (past singular third-person)
captivate (plural present)
captivated (past plural)
captivate (present subjunctive)
captivated (past subjunctive)
captivate (imperative present)
captivating (participle present)
captivated (participle past)

Learned borrowing from Late Latin captīvātus, the perfect passive participle of captīvō (“to capture”), from Latin captīvus (“captive, prisoner”) (ultimately from capiō (“to capture, seize”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to hold; to seize”)) + -ō (suffix forming first-conjugation verbs). Equivalent to captive + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

der

Hir ſlippers rauyſhed his eyes, hir bewtye captyuated his mynde, with the swerde ſmote ſhe of his neck.

1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, Judith xvj:[9], folio xxix, verso, column 2:

[L]oe thus my ſtrength is tride. / And this I do to captiuate the eye, / Of the faire breeder that is ſtanding by.

1594, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC, [verse 47], signature Cij, verso, lines [280–282]:

Besides, Rose Bradwardine, beautiful and amiable as we have described her, had not precisely the sort of beauty or merit which captivates a romantic imagination in early youth.

1814 July 7, [Walter Scott], “A Discovery—Waverly Becomes Domesticated at Tully-Veolan”, in Waverley; or, ’Tis Sixty Years Since. […], 2nd edition, volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 207:

One saint's day in mid-term a certain newly appointed suffragan-bishop came to the school chapel, and there preached on “The Inner Life.” He at once secured attention by his informal method, and when presently the coughing of Jarvis and another boy interrupted the sermon, he altogether captivated his audience with a remark about cough lozenges being cheap and easily procurable.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 26:

(figuratively) To attract and hold (someone's) attention and interest; to charm, to entrance, to fascinate, to enchain.

أَخَذَ

to attract and hold (someone’s) attention and interest


closer

From Middle English closere, equivalent to close (verb) + -er.

The DJ chose a fantastic track as his closer at the end of the night.

(sales) Synonym of close (“the point at the end of a sales pitch when the consumer is asked to buy”).

close

They brought their closer in for the ninth.

(baseball) A relief pitcher who specializes in getting the last three outs of the game.

(horse racing) A horse that performs best toward the end of a race.


coax

en-noun

coax (countable and uncountable, plural coaxes)


thon

head

thon (third-person singular, gender-neutral, possessive thons, reflexive thonself)

Proposed in 1858 by Charles Crozat Converse from that + one. Compare also dialectal English and Scots thon (“that; yon”, adjective; pronoun).

Every writer has "thons" verbal likes and dislikes, yet, for the sake of convenience, I trust that even "thon" who dislikes verbal innovations will give my little word a little trial and note for me the result.

1889 November, C. Crozat Converse, “That Desired Impersonal Pronoun”, in The Writer, volume 3, number 2, Boston: William H. Hills, page 248:

Every student should acquaint thonself with some method by which thon can positively correlate the facts of thons knowledge.

1895, Henry Graham Williams, Outlines of Psychology, 3rd edition, Syracuse: C. W. Bardee, →OL, LCC BF141.W12, page 5:

In everi individɥɑl then, ɑr thε elεments ɑut ɵv hwich everi sol haz pɑuer tu ɛlaborɞt ʊntu thonself hwɵtever cɵndishʊn thon dɛzɩrz — tu mɞc fɷr thonself heven ɷr hel, hwichever thon iz wiliŋ tu strɩv fɷr.

1907 August, C. W. Larisunz, “Thε Sol:—Hwens?—Hwither?”, in Thε Jurnɑl ɵv ɷrthɵεpi & ɷrthɵgrɑfi, volume 24, number 8, page 153:

In every individual then, are the elements out of which every soul has power to elaborate unto thonself whatever condition thon desires — to make for thonself heaven or hell, whichever thon is willing to strive for.

Maybe I don't speak for the average American, but I very much doubt that thon wants that word in thons language or that thon would use it thonself.

1985, William Knowlton Zinsser, On Writing Well: An Informal Guide to Writing Nonfiction, 3rd edition, New York: Harper & Row, →ISBN, →LCCN, LCC PE1429.Z5 1985, page 121:

(nonstandard, rare, see usage notes) they (singular). Gender-neutral third-person singular subject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.

If Mr. or Mrs. A. comes to the courthouse on Monday next I will be there to meet thon.

1884 July 23, C. C. Converse, “A New Pronoun”, in The Critic and Good Literature, number 31, New York, published 1884 August 2, page 55:

I send my files to Dinsmore with a cutting note too subtle for thon to understand (thon is an imbecile, regardless of thon’s protected status).

2020, Charlie Kaufman, Antkind, →ISBN, page 102:

(nonstandard, rare, see usage notes) them (singular). Gender-neutral third-person singular object pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns him and her.


thon

Alteration of yon due to the influence of this and that.

“Whatever are ye lookin' at, Neil?” his mother demanded, looking up from fastening her favorite garnet brooch. “That's the third time ye've had a peek out thon window.” “Not a thing, Mam,” he said, inhaling deeply. “Only taking pleasure in the day. Such beautiful weather, is it not?” Mrs. Forbes sniffed, but obligingly settled her spectacles on[…]

2010 December 17, Diana Gabaldon, A Breath of Snow and Ashes, Anchor Canada, →ISBN:

“But”—he spoke in a tone that made Magnus feel like a lad of twelve—“look in the shadows of thon window embrasure and tell me what you see.” Magnus bit back a curse and followed the older man's gaze. “I see Maili, the smithy's daughter.”

2011 January 4, Allie Mackay, Must Love Kilts, Penguin, →ISBN:


implicate

en-verb

implicate (third-person singular simple present implicates, present participle implicating, simple past and past participle implicated)

implicates (present singular third-person)
implicating (participle present)
implicated (participle past)
implicated (past)

First attested in the 15ᵗʰ century, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English implicaten (poorly attested), from implicat(e) (“wrapped, entwined; incolved, connected (with)”, possibly also used as the past participle of implicaten) + -en (verb-forming suffix), borrowed from Latin implicātus, perfect passive participle of implicō (“entangle, involve”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from plicō (“fold”). Doublet of imply and employ.

af

The evidence implicates involvement of top management in the scheme.

But it is of no use talking now; the servants will soon be stirring, and it would be rather awkward to be found here." "For you, perhaps, madam," sneered Sir George. "Rather for yourself," replied she, with the greatest composure; "you might be implicated in the charge of murder."

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Assignation”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 256:

I shall cancel, without further provocation, the next lecture engagement that is implicated with a peep o' day train.

1879, Robert J[ones] Burdette, Hawk-Eyes, New York, N.Y.: G. W. Carleton & Co., Publishers, page 137:

Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.

2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, London: The Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-07-27, pages 72–73:

(transitive, usually with in) To show to be connected or involved in an unfavorable or criminal way.

(pragmatics) To imply without entailing; to have as an implicature.


implicate

en-adj

implicate (comparative more implicate, superlative most implicate)

more implicate (comparative)
most implicate (superlative)

First attested in the first part of the 15ᵗʰ century, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English implicat(e) (“wrapped, entwined; incolved, connected (with)”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix), -ate (noun-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.

inh+

(rare, also figuratively) Intertwined, enfolded, twisted together; wrapped up (with), entangled, involved (in).

implicate order
w:Implicate and explicate order

(especially, in quantum theory) used in implicate order


winged

From Middle English winged, wenged (“having wings”), past participle of wingen, from the noun winge, wenge.

Come Tamburlain, now whet thy winged ſword
And lift thy loftie arme into the cloudes,
That it may reach the King of Perſeas crowne,
And ſet it ſafe on my victorious head.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iii:


contrast

en-noun

contrast (countable and uncountable, plural contrasts)

From French contraster, from Italian contrastare (“to resist", "to withstand”), from Vulgar Latin *contrāstāre, from Latin contrā (“against”) + stō, stāre (“to stand”).

təzad

difference that makes colours more or less distinguishable


outcry

en-verb

outcry (third-person singular simple present outcries, present participle outcrying, simple past and past participle outcried)

outcries (present singular third-person)
outcrying (participle present)
outcried (participle past)
outcried (past)

From Middle English outcry, outcri, outcrye, equivalent to out- + cry.
The verb is from Middle English outcrien.

[…] outcrying the clacking of train wheels, the shrill of the whistle […]

2003, Melvyn Bragg, Crossing the Lines, page 355:

The dogs added their voices to the din, howling for hours, each trying to outcry the others.

2007, Anthony Dalton, Alone Against the Arctic, page 104:


outlook

outlook (third-person singular simple present outlooks, present participle outlooking, simple past and past participle outlooked)

outlooks (present singular third-person)
outlooking (participle present)
outlooked (participle past)
outlooked (past)

[...] to fit minds to so even a temper, that both should round the same circle, and never out-look the Horizon of their reciprocal Interest, is a work altogether impossible.

1680, John Yalden, Compendium Politicum, or, The Distempers of Government, London: Robert Clavel, page 54:

(transitive, obsolete) To look beyond (something).


outright

From Middle English outright, equivalent to out + right.

I refute those allegations outright.

Special facilities frequently are provided to enable visiting photographers to get the best results, whereas in the past cameras were sometimes banned outright.

1951 April, R. S. McNaught, “Railway Enthusiasts”, in Railway Magazine, number 600, page 269:


ith

From Pitman ess and ish, which it is related to phonetically and graphically, and the sound it represents.

The letter ⟨(⟩, which stands for the th sound (/θ/) in Pitman shorthand.

the name of the IPA letter for this sound


convent

From Middle English convent, variant of covent, from Old French covent, from Latin conventus, perfect participle of the verb convenio (whence ultimately convene), see con- + venio. Doublet of coven.

A gathering of people lasting several days for the purpose of discussing or working on topics previously selected.


respray

I bought a second-hand car but I don't like the colour, so I'm taking it in for a respray.


insert

From Latin insertus, past participle of inserō, from in- + serō (“join, bind together, connect, entwine, interweave”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, put together, to line up”). Compare exsert.


reject

From Late Middle English rejecten, from Latin rēiectus, past participle of reicere (“to throw back”), from re- (“back”) + iacere (“to throw”). Displaced native Old English āweorpan (literally “to throw out”).


overturn

/ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈtɜː(ɹ)n/

/ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌtɜː(ɹ)n/

From Middle English overturnen, equivalent to over- + turn. Compare also Middle English overterven (“to overturn”), see terve.

cog

A turning over or upside-down; inversion.


instar

From Latin instar (“form, likeness”), which is of obscure origin.

Any one of the several stages of postembryonic development which an arthropod undergoes, between molts, before it reaches sexual maturity.


infield

(cricket) The region of the field roughly bounded by the wicket keeper, slips, gully, point, cover, mid off, mid on, midwicket and square leg.

etukenttä

cricket: The region of the field roughly bounded by the wicket keeper, slips, gully, etc.


designate

Borrowed from Latin dēsignātus, perfect passive participle of designō, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (verb-forming suffix). Doublet of design.

King designate

1619, George Buck, The History of King Richard the Third:

(UK) Used after a role title to indicate that the person has been selected but has yet to take up the role.


domesticate

en-verb

domesticate (third-person singular simple present domesticates, present participle domesticating, simple past and past participle domesticated)

domesticates (present singular third-person)
domesticating (participle present)
domesticated (participle past)
domesticated (past)

First attested in 1620; either borrowed from Middle French domestiquer (Modern French domestiquer) or directly from Medieval Latin domesticātus, perfect passive participle of domesticō (“to domesticate”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix). By surface analysis, domestic + -ate.

ընտելացնել

(transitive) to adapt to live with humans

ընտելանալ

(intransitive) to adapt to live with humans

(transitive) To make a legal instrument recognized and enforceable in a jurisdiction foreign to the one in which the instrument was originally issued or created.


ha-ha

From French haha, supposedly from ha! as an expression of surprise.

A few steps farther brought them out at the bottom of the very walk they had been talking of; and standing back, well shaded and sheltered, and looking over a ha-ha into the park, was a comfortable-sized bench, on which they all sat down.

1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 197:

This pathway ran up hill, across another open space covered with white incrustation, and plunged into a canebrake again. Then suddenly it turned parallel with the edge of a steep-walled gap, which came without warning, like the ha-ha of an English park,—turned with an unexpected abruptness. I was still running with all my might, and I never saw this drop until I was flying headlong through the air.

1896, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “The Sayers of the Law”, in The Island of Doctor Moreau (Heinemann’s Colonial Library of Popular Fiction; 52), London: William Heinemann, →OCLC; republished as The Island of Doctor Moreau: A Possibility, New York, N.Y.: Stone & Kimball, 1896, →OCLC, pages 115–116:

A moody stroll through the oaks and bracken beyond the ha-ha didn't help.

(architecture) A ditch with one vertical side, acting as a sunken fence, designed to block the entry of animals into lawns and parks without breaking sightlines.


implement

implement (third-person singular simple present implements, present participle implementing, simple past and past participle implemented)

implements (present singular third-person)
implementing (participle present)
implemented (participle past)
implemented (past)

Borrowed from Late Latin implēmentum (“a filling up”), from Latin impleō (“I fill up”).

Near-synonyms: realize, actualize, materialize; embody; accomplish

It’s a good thought, but it will be a difficult thing to implement.

A considerable amount of beet comes from the Clonakilty and Courtmacsherry growing areas to Mallow and if the closure proposals mentioned are implemented this traffic will in future years be thrown on roads ill-suited to such heavy haulage.

1960 December, “The Irish Scene”, in Trains Illustrated, page 715:

Guardiola, who last won the Champions League in 2011, started with no defensive midfielder and no recognised striker and watched his midfielder-heavy lineup struggle to implement a complicated gameplan.

2021 May 29, David Hytner, “Chelsea win Champions League after Kai Havertz stuns Manchester City”, in The Guardian:

To bring about; to put into practice; to carry out.

(programming) To realize a technical specification, e.g. of an algorithm, interface, or protocol.

имплементирам

realize a technical specification or algorithm

имплементирам

include implementations of methods of an interface or protocol


winder

That accounts for my having the dress, but it don't account for the piece that you left sticking to the rose-bush under Mrs. Lander's bed-room winder, which piece I took off that morning, and which piece I matched with the dress after you pitched it at me over them bannisters […]

1868, Ann Sophia Stephens, Doubly False:

Don’t be so darn foolish. It’s the calm afore the storm, Winslow. She were a gentle westerly wind yer cursin’. Only feels roughly ‘cause you don’t know nothin’ bout nothin’ and there ain’t no trees on this here rock like your Hudson Bay bush. Nor’Easterly wind’ll come soon a-blowin’ like Gabriel’s horn. Best board up them signal house winders.

2019, Robert Eggers, Max Eggers, The Lighthouse (motion picture), spoken by Thomas Wake (Willem Dafoe):

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


winding

en-noun

winding (countable and uncountable, plural windings)

The noun is derived from Middle English winding, windinge, wyndynge (“directional change, curve, turn; bend of the leg at the knee; meandering course of a river; act of turning and twisting; twisting of things (especially thread) together; wrapping of a cloth around something; wattling of a structure; wattle(s); ornamentation with interwoven patterns; hoisting of something”) [and other forms], and then partly:
* from winden, wynden (“to go, move; to move forcefully or suddenly; to direct, guide, lead; to go along a meandering or twisting course; to move in a circular pattern, revolve, turn; to move restlessly, toss and turn; to wriggle free; to move with a turning or twisting motion, bend, turn, twist; to form or mould (something) in one’s hands; to mix together; to cover; to clothe, dress; to wrap (a baby, a corpse, etc.); to encircle, surround; to bind; to interlace; to winch; (figurative) to conceal, disguise; to embroil, involve”) + -ing, -inge (suffix forming gerund nouns, and the present participle forms of verbs).; and
* from Old English windung (“woven object”), from windan (“to twist, wind; to circle, curl, eddy, spiral”) (from Proto-Germanic *windaną (“to wind; to wrap”), from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn; to wind”)) + -ung (suffix forming nouns denoting a verbal action or something involved in a verbal action).
The adjective is derived from the verb.
The English word is analysable as wind (“to turn coils of (a cord, etc.) around something; to encircle, enfold, entwist, wrap; to travel in a way that is not straight”) + -ing (suffix forming present participial adjectives and verbs, and nouns denoting an action or the embodiment of an action).

suffix

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) A length of wire wound around the armature of an electric motor or the core of an electrical transformer.

намотка

(lutherie) Synonym of lapping (“lengths of fine silk, metal wire, or whalebone wrapped tightly around the stick of the bow of a string instrument adjacent to the leather part of the bow grip at the heel”).

lapping

A decorative object, design, or other thing with curves or twists.

As for the manner of making vvalls, by davvbing vvindings and hurdles vvith mud and clay, also of rearing them othervvhiles vvith unbaked bricke; vvho is ſo ignorant that he knovveth it not?

1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XXXV.] Of Mud Walls: Of Bricke Walls, and the Order and Manner of Making Them.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 555:

(except dialectal) Synonym of withe or withy (“a flexible, slender shoot or twig, especially when used as a band or for binding”); also, all the withies used to make or repair a wall, or the process of using withies in this manner.

withe

For knovv by lot from Jove I am the povvr / Of this fair VVood, and live in Oak'n bovvr, / To nurſe the Saplings tall, and curl the grove / VVith ringlets quaint, and vvanton vvindings vvove.

1634, John Milton, “Arcades”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC, pages 53–54:


subordinate

en-adj

subordinate (comparative more subordinate, superlative most subordinate)

more subordinate (comparative)
most subordinate (superlative)

From Middle English subordinat, from Medieval Latin subōrdinātus, past participle of subōrdināre, from sub- + ōrdināre (“to order”).

The several kinds […] and subordinate species of each are easily known.

1695, John Woodward, “(please specify the page)”, in An Essay toward a Natural History of the Earth: And Terrestrial Bodies, Especially Minerals: […], London: […] Ric[hard] Wilkin […], →OCLC:

Placed in a lower class, rank, or position.

tabe

placed in a lower class, rank, or position


duplicate

en-noun

duplicate (countable and uncountable, plural duplicates)

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
Borrowed from Latin duplicātus, perfect passive participle of duplicō, see -ate.

(uncountable) The game of duplicate Scrabble.


doctorate

The highest degree awarded by a university faculty.

دُكْتُورَاة

འབུམ་རམས་ཀྱི་ལག་འཁྱེར ('bum rams kyi lag 'khyer, literally “certificate of being learned in 100,000 things”)


calumny

calumny (countable and uncountable, plural calumnies)

From Late Middle English calumnīe (“false accusation, slander; (law) objection raised in bad faith”), borrowed from Old French calomnie (“slander, calumny”) (modern French calomnie), or directly from its etymon Latin calumnia (“false statement, misrepresentation; false accusation, malicious charge”), perhaps related to calvor (“to deceive”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₁- or *ḱh₂l-. The English word is a doublet of challenge.
The verb is derived from French calomnier (“to slander”), from Late Latin calumniāre, from Latin calumpniārī, calumniārī (“to blame unjustly, misrepresent, calumniate; (law) to accuse falsely, bring false information against”), from calumnia (see above) + -or.

der

He [Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk] mentioned to her [Elizabeth I of England] the rumour, which was ſpread of his marriage with the Scotch Queen [Mary, Queen of Scots]; he complained of it as a groundleſs calumny; and diſclaimed all thoughts of that kind, with many expreſſions full of contempt, both for Mary's character, and dominions.

1759, William Robertson, “Book V”, in The History of Scotland, during the Reigns of Queen Mary and of King James VI, till His Accession to the Crown of England. […], volume I, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar […], →OCLC, page 425:

To publish all malicious calumnies against an individual with an intent to defame him, is a wrong on the part of the calumniator, and an injury to the individual, for which the law affords redress. To write or print these calumnies is such an aggravation of the crime, as to constitute an offense against the government, and the author of the libel is subject to the additional punishment which may be inflicted under an indictment.

1799, George Anastaplo, “[Appendix] Report of a House of Delegates Minority on the Virginia Resolutions (1799)”, in Reflections on Freedom of Speech and the First Amendment, Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky, published 2007, →ISBN, page 231:

The First Consul looked upon her as his child. It was only in that country so fertile in the inventions of scandal, that so foolish an accusation could have been imagined, as that any feeling less pure than paternal affection actuated his conduct toward her. The vile calumny met with the contempt it merited.

1853 July, John S[tevens] C[abot] Abbott, “Napoleon Bonaparte”, in Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, volume VII, number XXXVIII, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, publishers, […], →OCLC, page 191, column 2:

He [James Westland] lost his temper when Mr. [Pherozeshah Merwanjee] Mehta spoke in his vigorous manner of the defects of the Civil Service, and complained bitterly that Mr. Mehta was introducing a new spirit in the discussions in the Legislative Council, and ended by accusing him of uttering a calumny. When, however, the speeches of the two were published, the public was in a position to judge who it was that had uttered a calumny.

1895 May 4, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, “Sir P. M. Mehta”, in Speeches of Gopal Krishna Gokhale, 3rd edition, Madras: G. A. Natesan & Co., published 1920, →OCLC, pages 789–799:

We are convinced that the fine reputation and the worthy role of the German soldier, despite all the calumnies of recent years, are still cherished among our people and will remain so.

1955 October 8, Lionel Gelber, quoting Konrad Adenauer, “Dr Adenauer’s Testament: World Indivisible. By Konrad Adenauer. Harper’s. $2.75. [book review]”, in Ram Singh, A. K. Mukerji, editors, Thought, air edition, volume VII, number 41, New Delhi: Printed on behalf of Siddhartha Publications Ltd., by R. L. Chadha at Naya Hindustan Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 15, column 1:

(countable) A false accusation or charge brought to tarnish another's reputation or standing.

بُهْتَان

Accusations of abuse were pure extortive calumny in a malicious bid to make money.

Thus have I frielie, in reverence and love, schewit my opinion in this matter, and that privatlie to your self alone, to consider it mair deiplie, without bitternes or upbraiding calumnie to thame who sie and hes socht out this mater mair warelie, whose harts I trust ze sal find far from calumnie or seiking praise to them selfs by reproche of uthers,[…]

1586 March 4, James Carmichael, “[Letters and Papers of Mr James Carmichael, Minister of Haddington. M.D.LXXXIV.–M.D.LXXXVI.] A Part of Mr Carmichael’s Letter to His Father-in-law, against the Subscriptioun of the Kingis Acts, 4th Martij 1585–6.”, in David Laing, editor, The Miscellany of the Wodrow Society: Containing Tracts and Original Letters, Chiefly Relating to the Ecclesiastical Affairs of Scotland during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, volume I, Edinburgh: Printed for the Wodrow Society, published 1844, →OCLC, page 444:

If thou doſt marry, Ile giue thee / This plague to thy dowry: / Be thou as chaſte as yce, as pure as ſnowe, / Thou ſhalt not ſcape calumny, to a Nunnery goe.

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shake-speare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and Iohn Trundell, published 1603, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

And quhairas ʒour Ma[jesty] is informed, that theſe who wer appoynted to proſequut the Lord Maxwell hes keipit companie with him, theaſe that hes commandement of ʒour Ma[jesty]s Guairdis humlie craves tryall of that calumnie;[…]

1609, Robert Pitcairn, “[Criminal Trials and Other Proceedings before the High Court of Justiciary.] Extract from Letter, the Privy Council to the King, Relative to Lord Maxwell, &c.”, in Criminal Trials in Scotland, from A.D. M.CCC.LXXXVIII to A.D. M.DC.XXIV, Embracing the Entire Reigns of James IV. and V., Mary Queen of Scots, and James VI. […], volume III, Edinburgh: William Tait, […]; London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, published 1833, →OCLC, page 50:

In ſhort, no Inſtruments or Methods of Calumny, and Defamation will be left unemployed to cruſh the Man, who has the Courage to oppoſe the Errors, which Avarice, and Self-Intereſt combine to eſtabliſh.

1722 May 1, Richard Meadowcourt, The Sinful Causes, and Fatal Effects of the Practice of Calumny and Defamation in Religious Controversy, Exemplified, and Describ’d. In a Sermon Preach’d before the University of Oxford, in Merton-College Chappel, May the First, 1722. […], London: Printed by W. Wilkins, for J. Peele, […], →OCLC, paragraph 2, page 9:

There meet two rivals of Neptunian race, / Hoſtilities begin with fierce grimace: / In ſcorn, contempt, in oaths and calumny, / In virulence, and vile contumely, […]

1774 November, G. D., “The Tar’s Engagement”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume XLIV, London: Printed […], for D[avid] Henry, and sold by F[rancis] Newbery, […], →OCLC, page 534, column 1:

Stephen, the first martyr of the Church, was a victim of calumny. And calumny is worse than a sin; calumny is a direct expression of Satan.

2015, Pope Francis, “Martyrs of the Church”, in Encountering Truth: Meeting God in the Everyday, New York, N.Y.: Image, Crown Publishing Group, →ISBN:

(uncountable) Falsifications or misrepresentations intended to disparage or discredit another.

طَعْن

falsifications or misrepresentations intended to disparage or discredit another


calumny

en-verb

calumny (third-person singular simple present calumnies, present participle calumnying, simple past and past participle calumnied)

calumnies (present singular third-person)
calumnying (participle present)
calumnied (participle past)
calumnied (past)

His [Dominieus Dietrich's] memory has been basely calumnied by many German historians.

1849, Wolfgang Menzel, “The Great Elector”, in Mrs. George Horrocks, transl., The History of Germany, from the Earliest Period to the Present Time. … Translated from the Fourth German Edition. … In Three Volumes, volume II, London: Henry G[eorge] Bohn, […], →OCLC, part XX (The Age of Louis the Fourteenth), page 492:

However, the Priests of the idols, not content with persecuting Christians, began to calumny them; the Philosophers, finding a Religion that preached humility unrewarding, joined their Priests. Ridicule and insults were showered […] on the new Sect from all sides.

1997, [Jean-Jacques] Rousseau, “[Discourse on the Sciences and Arts or First Discourse, part II.] Observations [to Stanislas, King of Poland]”, in Victor Gourevitch, editor, The Discourses and Other Earl Political Writings (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, published 2003, →ISBN, paragraph 39, page 41:

It is this coalition that seeks to tear the Republic apart, by ceaselessly calumnying the people of Paris and all the representatives whom it has honoured with its trust …

1999, Geoffrey Cubitt, “Robespierre and Conspiracy Theories”, in Colin Haydon, William Doyle, editors, Robespierre, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, published 2006, →ISBN, page 87:

He rails, he piles on the abuse, he calumnies without any sense of decency or restraint, and his gloomy character makes him see everything as black.

2008, Paul-Henri Thiry; Baron d’Holbach, “Bergier’s Refutation”, in David Holohan, transl., Christianity Unveiled (Rescued from Obscurity Series), Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey: Hodgson Press, →ISBN, § 3, page 176:

(transitive, formal) To make false accusations or levy false charges against a person with the intent to tarnish that person's reputation or standing; to calumniate.

طَعْن

to make false accusations or levy false charges against a person with the intent to tarnish that person's reputation or standing — see also calumniate


degenerate

en-adj

degenerate (comparative more degenerate, superlative most degenerate)

more degenerate (comparative)
most degenerate (superlative)

Learned borrowing from Latin dēgenerātus. See -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more.

lbor

/dɪˈd͡ʒɛnəɹɪt/

/dɪˈd͡ʒɛnəɹeɪt/

linearly independent
linearly independent

(mathematics, of an eigenvalue) Having multiple different (linearly independent) eigenvectors.


breeches

en-noun

breeches pl (plural only, attributive breech)

breech (attributive)
breeks (alternative Scotland)
britches (alternative Appalachia Southern-US)

→ Irish: bríste

/ˈbɹɪ.t͡ʃɪz/

From Middle English breches, brechen pl, a variant of Middle English breche, brech, brek (“breeches”), from Old English brēċ (“underpants”), from either (or both) earlier Celtic origin or from Proto-West Germanic *brōk, from Proto-Germanic *brōkiz pl (nom.acc.), from *brōks (“trousers”). Akin to Old Norse brók (“breeches”), Danish brog, Dutch broek, German Bruch f; compare Latin brācae ( > French braies, Spanish bragas) which is immediately of Celtic origin. Compare brail.

And how then was the Devil drest? / Oh! he was in his Sunday's best: / His jacket was red and his breeches were blue, / And there was a hole where the tail came through.

1834 [1799], Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, “The Devil's Thoughts”, in The Poetical Works of S. T. Coleridge, volume II, London: W. Pickering, page 83:

(historical) A garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs; smallclothes.

kuitbroek

a garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs


recall

en-verb

recall (third-person singular simple present recalls, present participle recalling, simple past and past participle recalled)

recalls (present singular third-person)
recalling (participle present)
recalled (participle past)
recalled (past)
recal (alternative obsolete)
re-call (alternative)

From re- + call, probably modelled on Latin revocāre, French rappeler, English withcall.

(transitive) To bring back (someone) to or from a particular mental or physical state, activity etc.


intercept

intercept (third-person singular simple present intercepts, present participle intercepting, simple past and past participle intercepted)

intercepts (present singular third-person)
intercepting (participle present)
intercepted (participle past)
intercepted (past)

Borrowed from Latin interceptum, past participle of intercipiō.

The police intercepted the package of stolen goods while it was in transit.

[T]he emotion grew ſo violent that it almost intercepted my reſpiration.

1749, [John Cleland], “[Letter the First]”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], volume I, London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC, page 67:

The rights of men in ſociety, are neither deviſeable, nor transferable, nor annihilable, but are deſcendable only; and it is not in the power of any generation to intercept finally, and cut off the deſcent.

1791, Thomas Paine, Rights of Man: Being an Answer to Mr. Burke’s Attack on the French Revolution, London: […] J. S. Jordan, […], →OCLC, page 129:

I must admit to being genuinely shocked when I saw those letters in my file. I always suspected that mail was monitored, but it never occurred to me that mail would be intercepted and opened.

1976 December 18, Allen Young, “Speaking Out”, in Gay Community News, volume 4, number 25, page 9:

(transitive) To stop, deflect or divert (something in progress or motion).

(transitive, sports) To gain possession of (the ball) in a ball game.

(transitive, American football) Of a defensive player: to steal a pass thrown by the opposing team, gaining possession of the ball.


intercept

An interception of a radio broadcast or a telephone call.

bug

an interception of a radio broadcast or a telephone call

(marketing) A form of market research where consumers are intercepted and interviewed in a retail store or mall.


undulate

en-adj

undulate (comparative more undulate, superlative most undulate)

more undulate (comparative)
most undulate (superlative)

/ˈʌnd͡ʒəlɪt/

/ˈʌnd͡ʒʊlɪt/

/ˈʌnd͡ʒələt/

Borrowed from Late Latin undulātus (“undulated”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

(botany, of a margin) sinuous, winding up and down.


gratulate

gratulate (comparative more gratulate, superlative most gratulate)

more gratulate (comparative)
most gratulate (superlative)

/ˈɡɹætʃəleɪt/

/ˈɡɹætjʊlət/

/ˈɡɹætʃələt/

Thanks, good friend Escalus, for thy much goodness:
There’s more behind that is more gratulate.

c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:


resume

en-verb

resume (third-person singular simple present resumes, present participle resuming, simple past and past participle resumed)

resumes (present singular third-person)
resuming (participle present)
resumed (participle past)
resumed (past)

From Anglo-Norman resumer, Middle French resumer, from Latin resumere, from re- + sumere (“to take”).

He […] used to say that each separate death had taught him something new about death, and that he was going to resume this knowledge in a philosophic essay about dying.

1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur, Faber & Faber, published 1992, page 36:

We will resume this discussion tomorrow at nine.

No man wiſhed more for the high establiſhment of the Royal Family than he did ; but he thought the Prince would do himſelf more honour by giving up the trappings of royalty at this moment, than by reſuming them.

1803, William Woodfall et al., The Parliamentary Register; or an Impartial Report of the Debates that have occurred in the Two Houses of Parliament, volume 2, page 167:

(transitive) To start (something) again that has been stopped or paused from the point at which it was stopped or paused; continue, carry on.

اِسْتَأْنَفَ

(transitive) start something again that has been stopped or paused


resume

resumes (plural)
résumé (alternative)
resumé (alternative)

Borrowed from French résumé, past participle of résumer (“to summarize”), from Latin resūmere (“to take back”); compare resume.

(chiefly Canada, US, Australia, Philippines) A summary or account of education and employment experiences and qualifications; a curriculum vitae (often for presentation to a potential future employer when applying for a job).


ware

en-noun

ware (usually uncountable, plural wares)

From Middle English ware, from Old English waru, from Proto-West Germanic *waru, from Proto-Germanic *warō (“attention”) as in beware, in the sense of “an object of care, a valuable”, from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, keep guard”), whence also ward. Cognate with Dutch waar (“goods offered for sale or use”) and Swedish vara, with the same meaning.


legged

From Middle English legged, leggyd, equivalent to leg (“noun”) + -ed.

jalallinen

having legs, or certain type or number of legs

-lahkeinen

of garments, having certain type of legs

A robot which runs at a speed of over 29mph has set a new land-speed record for legged robots

Farther west in the Carabobo-Aragua region Kidder has been able to establish some culture succession and he reports several legged vessels.

1948, American Antiquity - Volumes 13-14, page 111:

DARPA is supporting several legged vehicle programs at Carnegie-Mellon and Ohio State Universities

1987, Army Robotics and Artificial Intelligence: A 1987 Review, page 10:

Beginning with his hopping robots at the MIT Leg Lab (Raibert, 1986), Marc Raibert has advanced the state of the art in legged robot control for practical application.

2011, Paul Muench, Efficiency and Speed in Legged Robotics, →ISBN, page 6:


virgate

Borrowed from Latin virgāta, from Old English ġeardland, "yard" compared to "virga" as a measuring rod. Doublet of vergée.

(historical) The yardland: an obsolete English land measure usually comprising ¹⁄₄ of a hide and notionally equal to 30 acres.


animate

en-adj

animate (comparative more animate, superlative most animate)

more animate (comparative)
most animate (superlative)

From Middle English animat(e), from Latin animātus, perfect passive participle of animō (“to fill with breath, quicken, encourage, animate”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from anima (“soul, spirit, breath”); see anima. The verb derives from the adjective, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).

عَاقِل

"intelligent", used for intelligent beings

Possessing the quality or ability of motion.

animat

possessing the quality or ability of motion

She is an engaging and animate speaker.


inanimate

inanimate (comparative more inanimate, superlative most inanimate)

more inanimate (comparative)
most inanimate (superlative)

Inherited from Middle English inanimat(e), from Late Latin inanimātus, from Latin in- + animātus (“animated”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix). By surface analysis, in- + animate. The noun was derived by substantivization from the adjective, see -ate (noun-forming suffix).

inh+

The love of the inanimate is a general feeling. True, it makes no return of affection, neither does it disappoint it; its associations are from our thoughts and emotions.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XV, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 172:

Lacking the quality or ability of motion; as an inanimate object.


tabulate

en-verb

tabulate (third-person singular simple present tabulates, present participle tabulating, simple past and past participle tabulated)

tabulates (present singular third-person)
tabulating (participle present)
tabulated (participle past)
tabulated (past)

From Late Latin tabulātus (“having a floor; floored”), perfect passive participle of tabulō (“to fit with planks”), from tabula (“board, plank”), of uncertain origin, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂- (a variant of *steh₂- (“to stand”)) + *-dʰlom (a variant of *-trom (suffix forming nouns denoting tools or instruments)). Equivalent to table + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

der

The order of Tabulating Summonds is now much alter'd, for no Summonds are Tabulated except Actions of Declarators, Improbations, Contraventions, and other Actions at the King's Advocats inſtance, […]

1687, George Mackenzie of Rosehaugh, “King James the Fifth, Parl. 5. [Act 52.]”, in Observations on the Acts of Parliament, …, Edinburgh: Printed by the heir of Andrew Anderson, printer to His Most Sacred Majesty, and are to be sold by Thomas Brown, and other book-sellers, →OCLC, page 134:

(transitive, Scotland, obsolete) To enter into an official register or roll.


periodic

/ˌpɜːɹaɪˈɒdɪk/

Relating to the highest oxidation state of iodine; of or derived from a periodic acid.


purport

From Middle English purporten, from Anglo-Norman purporter and Old French porporter (“convey, contain, carry”), from pur-, from Latin pro (“forth”) + Old French porter (“carry”), from Latin portō (“carry”).

cog

My practice, you say, refutes my doubts. But you mistake the purport of my question.

1748, [David Hume], Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, part 2:

Sorrowful, phantasmal as this same Double Aristocracy of Teachers and Governors now looks, it is worth all men’s while to know that the purport of it is, and remains, noble and most real.

1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “I, Aristocracies”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book IV (Horoscope):

A child’s brain starts functioning at birth; and has, amongst its many infant convolutions, thousands of dormant atoms, into which God has put a mystic possibility for noticing an adult’s act, and figuring out its purport.


overdose

en-verb

overdose (third-person singular simple present overdoses, present participle overdosing, simple past and past participle overdosed)

overdoses (present singular third-person)
overdosing (participle present)
overdosed (participle past)
overdosed (past)

/ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈdəʊs/

(transitive) To dose to excess; to give an overdose, or too many doses, to someone.


baile

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese baile (“dance”).

bor+

The irreverent banger "Hey You" repos Balkan brass and sets it to pure Chicago juke step, which bleeds into a colossal baile beat and, for good measure, some trashy Eurotrance.

2006 August 25, Jessica Hopper, “Stick This in Your iTunes”, in Chicago Reader:

He has been borrowing from Brazilian baile funk for years, and the first release on his new record label, Mad Descent, is by the Brazilian group Bonde do Role.

2007 March 30, “Pop and Rock Listings”, in New York Times:

(usually "baile funk") A specific genre of dance music originating in Rio de Janeiro, also known as Funk Carioca


sith

From Middle English sith (“journey, movement, lifetime, period, occasion”), from Old English sīþ (“journey, movement, trip, point in time, occasion”), from Proto-West Germanic *sinþ, from Proto-Germanic *sinþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to go, head”). Cognate with Faroese sinn (“time”), Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌸𐍃 (sinþs, “path, movement”), Icelandic sinn (“time”). See also send.

der

Of them the other philosophers have, by siths, taken their beginning.

a. 1450, Secretum Secretorum in Ashmole:

The foolish man thereat woxe wondrous blith, / As if the word so spoken, were halfe donne, / And humbly thanked him a thousand sith, / That had from death to life him newly wonne.

1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, book 3, canto X, stanza 33:

His land mortgag'd, he, sea-beat in the way, / Wishes for home a thousand siths a day.

1598, Joseph Hall, Quid placet ergo?, line 79:

(obsolete) An instant in time, a point in time or an occasion.


retrain

This adds a bit of complexity as it means that our solution should not retrain for every request coming in but be able to determine whether a retrain is worth it for a given request or whether the model is already up to date.

2021, Andrew P. McMahon, Machine Learning Engineering with Python, page 221:


underway

en-adv

underway (comparative more underway, superlative most underway)

more underway (comparative)
most underway (superlative)
under way (alternative)

Calque of Dutch onderweg (“underway”), equivalent to under- + way. Compare also German unterwegs.

The next wave, well underway, is shipping back-office business tasks overseas, ...

2008 February 14, Steve Lohr, “Offshore Outsourcing’s Next Wave: How High?”, in NY Times, retrieved 2012-01-22:

The political world might still be recovering from the 2016 presidential election and focusing now on the midterm fights for Congress, but here in the nation's first primary state the battle for 2020 is already well underway.

2018 April 7, Andrew Dickinson, “In New Hampshire, the 2020 presidential race is already well underway”, in NBC News, retrieved 2018-09-20:

In motion, in progress; being done or carried out; on a journey.

在進行中的 /在进行中的

in motion, in progress; being done or carried out

в проце́ссе

разрабо́тки, реализа́ции