separate

separate (third-person singular simple present separates, present participle separating, simple past and past participle separated)

separates (present singular third-person)
separating (participle present)
separated (participle past)
separated (past)
seperate (alternative archaic misspelling)

From Middle English separaten (“to separate”), from separat (“separated”) + -en, from Latin sēparātus, perfect passive participle of sēparō (“to separate”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from sē- (“apart”) + parō (“prepare”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“produce, procure, bring forward, bring forth”). Displaced Middle English scheden, from Old English scēadan (whence English shed).
Doublet of sever, also derived from the same Latin verb.

der

Separate the articles from the headings.

Ant taxonomists have decided that anything that's worth separating should be separated at the species level, and have no truck with subspecies at all. Butterfly taxonomists, however, like the triple-barrelled name approach and dote on subspecies. As a result, the numbers of ant species and butterfly species are not directly comparable.

2007 March 14, Emma Marris, “The Species and the Specious”, in Nature, number 446:

The mesosphere may be described as the earth's intermediate or middle atmosphere, which separates the thermosphere above from the ozonosphere (or stratosphere) below, both of which are responsible for absorption of most of the ultraviolet part of the solar radiation and preventing it from reaching the earth's surface.

2008, Kshudiram Saha, The Earth's Atmosphere: Its Physics and Dynamics, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 102:

(transitive) To divide (a thing) into separate parts.

Who shall separate us from the love of Christ?

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Romans 8:35:

From the fine gold I separate the allay [alloy].

There must be some deep-rooted anti-social principle in every man's nature, so dearly does he love aught that separates him from his kind; or is it but one of the many shapes taken by that mental kaleidoscope, vanity, the varying and the glittering, the desire of distinction, sinking into that of notice?

1832, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Heath's Book of Beauty, 1833, The Talisman, page 66:

(transitive) To disunite from a group or mass; to disconnect.

Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 13:2:

(obsolete) To set apart; to select from among others, as for a special use or service.


separate

From Middle English separat, see -ate (“adjective-forming suffix”) and Etymology 1 for more.

I try to keep my personal life separate from work.

(followed by “from”) Not together (with); not united (to).


separate

From a substantivization of the above adjective, see -ate (“noun-forming suffix”) and Etymology 1 for more.

(bibliography) A printing of an article from a periodical as its own distinct publication and distributed independently, often with different page numbers.


sin

en-noun

sin (countable and uncountable, plural sins)

sins (plural)
sinne (alternative obsolete)
synne (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English sinne, synne, sunne, zen, from Old English synn (“sin”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, from Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”) and *sundī, *sundijō (“sin”), from , from *h₁sónts ("being, true", implying a verdict of "truly guilty" against an accusation or charge), from *h₁es- (“to be”); compare Old English sōþ ("true"; see sooth). Doublet of suttee.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots syn, sin (“sin”), Saterland Frisian Säände (“sin”), West Frisian sûnde (“sin”), Dutch zonde (“sin”), Low German sunn, sunne (“sin”), German Sünde (“sin”), Danish synd (“sin”), Swedish synd (“sin”), Icelandic synð, synd (“sin”), Latin sont-, sons (“sinful, guilty, criminal”). Doublet of suttee.

gloss

let he who is without sin cast the first stone

let him that is without sin cast the first stone

let him who is without sin cast the first stone

For he hath made him to be ſinne for vs, who knewe no ſinne,[…]

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 5:21, column 2:

Winger Cheslin Kolbe, sitting with his jersey over his head in the sin after a yellow card at the death, was probably the sight of millions of South Africans around the country who had their hearts in their mouth as they sat through another nail-biting match.

2023 October 28, Leighton Koopman, “YES!!! The Springboks beat the All Blacks to win another Rugby World Cup title”, in Independent Online:


sin

Alternative form of sinh (“tube skirt”).


complex

en-adj

complex (comparative more complex or (nonstandard) complexer, superlative most complex or (nonstandard) complexest)

more complex (comparative)
complexer (comparative nonstandard)
most complex (superlative)
complexest (nonstandard superlative)

From French complexe, from Latin complexus, past participle of complector (“I entwine, encircle, compass, infold”), from com- (“together”) and plectere (“to weave, braid”). May be analyzed as com- + -plex. See complect. Doublet of complexus.

complex polynomial

complex algebraic variety

(mathematics, algebra) Whose coefficients are complex numbers; defined over the field of complex numbers.


complex

en-noun

complex (plural complexes or (nonstandard) complices)

complexes (plural)
complices (nonstandard plural)

համալիր

assemblage of related things, collection

coordination complex

coordinated complex, metal complex, Werner complex

The south polar region of Promethei Planum developed a Bermuda Triangle reputation. Satellites detected intermittent mass concentrations and magnetic field shifts. In 2148, prospectors working near Deseado Crater discovered an underground complex: a Prothean observation post. The odd phenomena were generated by the operation and discharge of a mass effect core, struggling to function despite fifty millennia of neglect.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Protheans: Mars Ruins Codex entry:

A man at the complex said he had seen the often heavily made-up girls coming and going in luxury vehicles.

2021 February 6, The Courier-Mail, Brisbane, page 4, column 1:

A collection of buildings with a common purpose, such as a university or military base.


overlay

/ˈəʊ.vəˌleɪ/

From Middle English overleyen, from Old English oferleċġan, from Proto-West Germanic *obarlaggjan, from Proto-Germanic *uberlagjaną, equivalent to over- + lay. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uurläze, úurlääse, Dutch overleggen, German Low German overleggen, överleggen, German überlegen, Swedish överlägga, Norwegian overlegge. Compare overlie.

(printing) A piece of paper pasted upon the tympan sheet to improve the impression by making it stronger at a particular place.

(horse racing) A horse going off at higher odds than it appears to warrant, based on its past performances.


override

en-verb

override (third-person singular simple present overrides, present participle overriding, simple past overrode, past participle overridden)

overrides (present singular third-person)
overriding (participle present)
overrode (past)
overridden (participle past)

/əʊ.vəˈɹaɪd/

From Middle English overriden, from Old English oferrīdan, equivalent to over- + ride. Cognate with Dutch overrijden, German überreiten, Danish override.

Separation of the caboose from the VAN train had caused the train to go into emergency braking and when Extra 3119 West struck the third rack car, the car overrode the locomotive, destroyed the remaining superstructure, and caused the locomotive to overturn the north rail. The near-instantaneous derailment of the rest of the train followed immediately.

1981 August 18, National Transportation Safety Board, “Collision and Derailment”, in Railroad Accident Report: Rear-End Collision of Union Pacific Railroad Company Freight Trains Extra 3119 West and Extra 8044 West, Near Kelso, California, November 17, 1980, archived from the original on 2022-03-29, page 6:

(transitive) To ride over the top of something, usually forcibly.


overrun

overrun (third-person singular simple present overruns, present participle overrunning, simple past overran, past participle overrun)

overruns (present singular third-person)
overrunning (participle present)
overran (past)
overrun (participle past)

/ˌəʊ.vəˈɹʌn/

/ˌoʊ.vɚˈɹʌn/

In machinery, a sliding piece is said to overrun its bearing when its forward end goes beyond it.

all of these services, including mSpy, function with the same kind of predatory subscription scheme, luring you in with free trials that autorenew as abhorrently expensive monthly or yearly subscriptions. canceling the service requires reaching out to support, so users are typically unable to avoid overrunning the trial.

2024 June 9, maia arson crimew, “israeli national police found trying to purchase stalkerware”, in maia blog:

(transitive) To go beyond; to extend in part beyond.


overtake

overtake (third-person singular simple present overtakes, present participle overtaking, simple past overtook, past participle overtaken)

overtakes (present singular third-person)
overtaking (participle present)
overtook (past)
overtaken (participle past)

From Middle English overtaken, likely a replacement alteration (as the Middle English verb taken replaced nimen (“to take”)), of Middle English overnimen (“to overtake”), from Old English oferniman (“to take by surprise, overtake”), equivalent to over- + take.

der

The racehorse overtook the lead pack on the last turn.

The car was so slow we were overtaken by a bus.

"I won't over-walk myself," he said, cheerfully. "If the coach doesn't overtake me on the road, I can wait for it where I stop to breakfast. Dry your eyes, my dear; and give me a kiss."

1862, [William] Wilkie Collins, chapter II, in No Name. […], volume II, London: Sampson Low, Son, & Co., […], →OCLC, 4th (Aldborough, Suffolk), pages 176–177:

The station is planned to include platform loops enabling fast trains to overtake slower ones and is expected to be served by at least four trains per hour towards London.

2019 October, “Funding for 20tph East London service”, in Modern Railways, page 18:

To pass a slower moving object or entity (on the side closest to oncoming traffic).

(economics) To become greater than something else

overgå

economics: to become greater than something else

Our plans were overtaken by events.

VVhy didſt thou promiſe ſuch a beautious day, / And make me trauaile forth vvithout my cloake, / To let bace cloudes ore-take me in my vvay, / Hiding thy brau'ry in their rotten ſmoke.

1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 34”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:

To occur unexpectedly; take by surprise; surprise and overcome; carry away

overraske

to occur unexpectedly take by surprise; surprise and overcome


proofread

en-verb

proofread (third-person singular simple present proofreads, present participle proofreading, simple past and past participle proofread)

proofreads (present singular third-person)
proofreading (participle present)
proofread (participle past)
proofread (past)
proof-read (alternative)

(transitive and intransitive) To check a written text for errors in spelling, grammar, syntax, and punctuation.

نَقَّحَ

to check for errors in spelling and grammar


put

en-noun

put (countable and uncountable, plural puts)

puts (plural)
putt (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English putten, puten, poten, from Old English putian, *pūtian ("to push, put out"; attested by derivative putung (“pushing, impulse, instigation, urging”)) and potian (“to push, thrust, strike, butt, goad”), both from Proto-West Germanic *putōn, from Proto-Germanic *putōną (“to stick, stab”), which is of uncertain origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bud- (“to shoot, sprout”), which would make it cognate with Sanskrit बुन्द (bundá, “arrow”), Lithuanian budė, and budis (“mushroom, fungus”). Compare also related Old English pȳtan (“to push, poke, thrust, put out (the eyes)”). Cognate with Dutch poten (“to set, plant”), Danish putte (“to put”), Swedish putta, pötta, potta (“to strike, knock, push gently, shove, put away”), Norwegian putte (“to set, put”), Norwegian pota (“to poke”), Icelandic pota (“to poke”), Dutch peuteren (“to pick, poke around, dig, fiddle with”).

gloss

"to push, put out"; attested by derivative <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">putung</i> (“pushing, impulse, instigation, urging”)

認沽期權 /认沽期权

finance: contract to sell a security at a set price

He bought a January '08 put for Procter and Gamble at 80 to hedge his bet.

c. 1900, Universal Cyclopaedia Entry for Stock-Exchange
A put and a call may be combined in one instrument, the holder of which may either buy or sell as he chooses at the fixed price.


rebuild

Although the new features of the rebuilds were mainly the application of successful standard principles, the retention of the outside admission cylinders with their necessary high-pressure valve rod glands, of which the Southern lacked previous experience with an engine of this size, caused some unexpected teething troubles.

1961 March, C. P. Boocock, “The organisation of Eastleigh Locomotive Works”, in Trains Illustrated, page 160:

Doc's spirits lifted at the suggestion that Cochrane was already thinking about painting the finished rebuild.

2000, John Christgau, Sierra Sue II: The Story of a P-51 Mustang, page 138:

The cost of the rebuild can quickly escalate with significant crankshaft and bearing work, and some folks allow the cost to keep them from doing the work, even when it is warranted.

2000, Spencer Yost, How to Rebuild and Restore Farm Tractor Engines, page 100:

Torque Fasteners — Illustrates a fastener that must be properly tightened with a torque wrench at this point in the rebuild.

2009, Tony Huntimer, How to Rebuild the Big-Block Chevrolet, page 5:

Lovingly restored and exquisitely maintained, the great frigate is docked at Boston and open to the public. She is still in commission and crewed by members of the U.S. Navy. After a number of rebuilds and modifications, the frigate Constellation is now anchored in Baltimore Harbor as a museum.

2012, Ronald Utt, Ships of Oak, Guns of Iron: The War of 1812 and the Forging of the American Navy:

Approval has been granted for a £545 million rebuild of Paris Gare du Nord, despite fierce opposition. [...] Initially rejected in June 2019, the rebuild is intended to meet an expected increase in passenger numbers to 800,000 per day by 2023 and 900,000 by 2024.

2020 August 12, “Network News: £545m rebuild of Gare du Nord”, in Rail, page 18:

Since they failed to make it to the playoffs after five consecutive seasons, the team has gone through a lengthy rebuild.

(figurative) (said of sports teams) A period during which an attempt is made to improve during a period of struggling.


recast

en-verb

recast (third-person singular simple present recasts, present participle recasting, simple past and past participle recast)

recasts (present singular third-person)
recasting (participle present)
recast (participle past)
recast (past)

According to As the World Turns producer, Michael Laibson, the decision was made to recast the role, because the producers and writers felt it would annoy the audience to have Betsy discontinued so soon after her long-delayed marriage […]

2002, Robert C. Allen, To Be Continued...: Soap Operas Around the World, Routledge, →ISBN, page 153:

(transitive, film, theater) To assign (roles in a play or performance) to different actors.

She was recast as the villain.

(transitive, film, theater) To assign (actors) to different roles.


recast

Adults may use recasts to suggest corrections to mistakes in children's speech.

(linguistics) An utterance translated into another grammatical form.


remake

remake (third-person singular simple present remakes, present participle remaking, simple past and past participle remade)

remakes (present singular third-person)
remaking (participle present)
remade (participle past)
remade (past)

You'll need to remake that cake, as it's completely burned.

The director wanted to remake some of his favourite films from the Golden Age of Hollywood.

In 1976 and 1977, and the years to follow, as symbolically remade by the Sex Pistols, it was, perhaps, dadaists, lettrists, situationists, and various medieval heretics.

1989, Greil Marcus, Lipstick Traces, Faber & Faber, published 2009:

(transitive) To make a new, especially updated, version of (a film, video game, etc.).


remake

I haven't seen the original film, but the remake was great.

The thing I like most about the Total Recall remake is the—I have to presume ironic—name of its production company. The first words that appear on screen are “Original Film”.

2012 August 24, John Patterson, “Total Recall—a remake to forget”, in The Guardian:

Like Hollywood remakes or remasters old movies, video game publishers are overhauling and rereleasing games to tap into ready-made fan bases for popular franchises like The Legend of Zelda, Crash Bandicoot, Spyro the Dragon and World of Warcraft.

2020 August 1, Imad Khan, “Like Old Hollywood Movies, Video Games Get a Polish for New Audiences”, in The New York Times:

The family film is the remake of a remake – the 2022 version puts a new spin on the 2003 movie of the same name, which updated the 1950 movie based on the semi-autobiographical novel by siblings Frank Butler Gilbreth Jr and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey.

2022 March 18, Adrian Horton, “Cheaper by the Dozen review – breezy Disney remake of family comedy”, in The Guardian:

A new, especially updated, version of a film, video game, etc.


rerun

Even some strong supporters of leaving the UK worry that an early re-run would be doomed to failure.

2017 February 27, Mure Dickie, Henry Mance, “Theresa May’s speech to head off Scottish independence poll”, in Financial Times:

The central concern that runs through The Technology Trap is that, unless we are very careful, our latest technological revolution may well turn out to be a tumultuous rerun of the Industrial Revolution, with dire social and political consequences.

2019 July 11, John Thornhill, “Does tech threaten to rerun the worst of the Industrial Revolution?”, in Financial Times:

An act or instance of rerunning; a repetition.

I'm not a fan of the new Simpsons episodes, but the old reruns have me in stitches, although I've seen them countless times.

(US) A television program shown after its initial presentation, particularly many weeks after its initial presentation; a repeat.

重播

Each rerun of the algorithm takes several minutes.

(computing) A second or subsequent run of a computer program.


reset

reset (third-person singular simple present resets, present participle resetting, simple past and past participle reset)

resets (present singular third-person)
resetting (participle present)
reset (participle past)
reset (past)


reset

→ German: Reset

→ Japanese: リセット (risetto)

(typography) That which is reset; printed matter set up again.


reset

In early times it was common to charge the reset of property taken by robbery as reset of theft. But in later practice reset of property taken by robbery has been frequently libelled and found relevant (1).

1867, John H. A. MacDonald, A Practical Treatise on the Criminal Law of Scotland, Edinburgh: William Paterson, page 405:

(Scots law) The crime of knowingly and dishonestly receiving stolen goods, or harbouring an outlaw.


reset

reset (third-person singular simple present resets, present participle resetting, simple past and past participle resetted)

resets (present singular third-person)
resetting (participle present)
resetted (participle past)
resetted (past)
ressett (alternative)

Criminal resetting of property shall not be limited to the receiving of property taken by theft or robbery, but shall extend to the receiving of property appropriated by breach of trust and embezzlement and by falsehood, fraud and wilful imposition.

1995, Parliament of the United Kingdom, “Part VI, section 51”, in Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995, page 41:

(Scots law) To receive and hide (stolen goods, or a criminal, etc.)


rethink

rethink (third-person singular simple present rethinks, present participle rethinking, simple past and past participle rethought)

rethinks (present singular third-person)
rethinking (participle present)
rethought (participle past)
rethought (past)

Disability rights advocates are encouraging people to rethink the words "crazy" and "insane" as they stigmatize mental health.

There's a myth that incest survivors are an extremely small percentage of the gay male community. But that belief is something that needs to be rethought. One in six men (gay and straight) polled in a 1985 Los Angeles Times survey reported being sexually abused before the age of 18.

1991 December 8, Liz Galst, “Gay Male Incest Survivors, Safer Sex, and AIDS”, in Gay Community News, volume 19, number 21, page 8:

But the NCC has been forced to rethink its approach and has already extended the deadline three times, at short notice.

2021 February 10, Eoin McSweeney, “As Covid-19 cases rise in Nigeria, a government policy is creating crowds and chaos”, in CNN:

To think again about something, with the intention of changing or replacing it.


rewrite

(mathematics, computing) The replacement of subterms of a formula with other terms, according to certain rules, by way of transformation.


rewrite

rewrite (third-person singular simple present rewrites, present participle rewriting, simple past rewrote, past participle rewritten)

rewrites (present singular third-person)
rewriting (participle present)
rewrote (past)
rewritten (participle past)

The editor asked me to rewrite my article for a non-technical audience.

If we are going to rewrite all of those diagrams and change the duties of all of those staff, it will take a few weeks.

2021 January 13, Paul Clifton, “Network News: Timetable cuts as demand falls and staff are protected”, in Rail, page 7:

The conservative establishment will have to ask themselves, what else they can do? […] And even though they rewrite the electoral rules in their favour, their parties still lose the election.

2023 May 8, Jonathan Head, “Thailand election: The young radicals shaking up politics”, in BBC News (World):

(transitive) To write again, differently; to modify; to revise.

(transitive) To write again (without changes).

(mathematics, computing) To replace subterms of a formula with other terms, according to certain rules, by way of transformation.


sew

sew (third-person singular simple present sews, present participle sewing, simple past sewed, past participle sewn or sewed or (obsolete) sewen)

sews (present singular third-person)
sewing (participle present)
sewed (past)
sewn (participle past)
sewed (participle past)
sewen (obsolete participle past)
sew (infinitive)
sew (first-person present singular)
sewed (first-person past singular)
sew (present second-person singular)
sewest (archaic present second-person singular)
sewed (past second-person singular)
sewedst (archaic past second-person singular)
sews (present singular third-person)
seweth (archaic present singular third-person)
sewed (past singular third-person)
sew (plural present)
sewed (past plural)
sew (present subjunctive)
sewed (past subjunctive)
sew (imperative present)
sewing (participle present)
sewn (participle past)
sewed (participle past)
sewen (archaic participle past)

→ Akolet: sewim

From Middle English sewen, seowen, sowen, from Old English siwian, seowian, seowan (“to sew, mend, patch, knit together, link, unite”), from Proto-Germanic *siwjaną (“to sew”), from Proto-Indo-European *syewh₁- (“to sew”). Cognate with Scots sew (“to sew”), North Frisian saie, sei (“to sew”), Saterland Frisian säie (“to sew”), Danish sy, Polish szyć, Russian шить (šitʹ), Swedish sy, Latin suō, Sanskrit सीव्यति (sī́vyati). Related to seam.

to sew money into a bag

(transitive) Followed by into: to enclose by sewing.


shaken

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-shaken (ety 2).wav

A flat shuriken resembling a spiked wheel, as opposed to the longer stick-like kind.


dogged

en-adj

dogged (comparative more dogged, superlative most dogged)

more dogged (comparative)
most dogged (superlative)

From Middle English dogged, doggid, doggyd (“characteristics similar to that of a dog”), equivalent to dog + -ed.

Still, the dogged obstinacy of his race held him to the pace he had set, and would hold him till he dropped in his tracks.

1900 April 7, Jack London, “To the Man on Trail”, in The Son of the Wolf: Tales of the Far North, Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC, page 114:

Rushing out to the point above the reef, we watched the conflict between canoe and sea. When the man reached the gas boat, the screams of the boy stopped. With great risk they loaded the canoe till she began to take water. The boy bailed furiously. The long dogged pull of the man's oars challenged death inch by inch, wave by wave.

1941, Emily Carr, chapter 18, in Klee Wyck:

It had taken nine years from the evening that Truman first showed up with a pie plate at her mother's door, but his dogged perseverance eventually won him the hand of his boyhood Sunday school crush.

2004, Chris Wallace, Character: Profiles in Presidential Courage:

Using the latest technology, and with the dogged determination of our testing and tracing scheme, we've successfully identified the person in question.

2021 March 5, Matt Hancock, quotee, “Mystery person with Brazil variant found thanks to dogged determination, says Matt Hancock”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:


impact

en-noun

impact (countable and uncountable, plural impacts)

Attested since the 17th century, from Latin impāctus.

The striking of one body against another; collision.

The hatchet cut the wood on impact.

The force or energy of a collision of two objects.

inslag

the force or energy of a collision of two objects

His spine had an impingement; L4 and L5 made impact, which caused numbness in his leg.

His friend's opinion had an impact on his decision.

Our choice of concrete will have a tremendous impact on the building's mechanical performance.

One way to reduce the environmental impact of meat eating is to make livestock more productive.

2016, Jayson Lusk, Unnaturally Delicious, →ISBN, page 111:

(figurative, proscribed) A significant or strong influence or effect.


impact

en-verb

impact (third-person singular simple present impacts, present participle impacting, simple past and past participle impacted)

impacts (present singular third-person)
impacting (participle present)
impacted (participle past)
impacted (past)

The footprints of birds do not impact the soil in the way those of dinosaurs do.

(transitive) To compress; to compact; to press into something or pack together.

I can make the changes, but it will impact the schedule.

(transitive, figurative, proscribed) To significantly or strongly influence or affect; to have an impact on.


upset

en-noun

upset (countable and uncountable, plural upsets)

From Middle English upset (“the act of setting up; establishment”), from Middle English upsetten, corresponding to up- + set. Cognate with Middle Low German upset (“setup; arrangement”).

cog

“Bob, let's cancel the baby sitter. With this upset stomach, I can't go out tonight.”
“Sure you can, Liz! Try Pepto-Bismol. Hospital tests prove it relieves upsets. And it's great for indigestion or nausea, too!”

1958 May 12, Life, volume 44, number 19, advertisements, page 110:

(mathematics) An upper set; a subset (X,≤) of a partially ordered set with the property that, if x is in U and x≤y, then y is in U.


upset

en-verb

upset (third-person singular simple present upsets, present participle upsetting, simple past and past participle upset)

upsets (present singular third-person)
upsetting (participle present)
upset (participle past)
upset (past)

The carriage upset when the horse bolted.

[T]he locomotive exploded and upset, and was completely wrecked.

1880 January 1, The Locomotive, volume 1, number 1, Hartford, Conn.: The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection And Insurance Company, page 9:

(intransitive) To be upset or knocked over.


won

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-won (live, Korea).wav

Borrowed from Korean 원(圓) (won), from Sinitic 圓／圆 (yuán, “circle” > “round coin”) referring to the piece of eight. Doublet of yuan and yen.

The currency of Korea, worth 100 jun in North Korea and 100 jeon in South Korea.


wind

en-noun

wind (countable and uncountable, plural winds)

winds (plural)
winde (alternative obsolete)

Tok Pisin: win

Torres Strait Creole: win

From Middle English wynd, wind, from Old English wind (“wind”), from Proto-West Germanic *wind, from Proto-Germanic *windaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wéh₁n̥tos (“wind”), from earlier *h₂wéh₁n̥ts (“wind”), derived from the present participle of *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”).
Cognates
Cognate with Dutch wind, German Wind, West Frisian wyn, Norwegian and Swedish vind, Icelandic vindur, Latin ventus, Welsh gwynt, Sanskrit वात (vā́ta), Russian ве́тер (véter), perhaps Albanian bundë (“strong damp wind”). Doublet of athlete, vent, weather and nirvana.

it's an ill wind that blows nobody any good

you don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows

(philosophy, alchemy) One of the four elements of the ancient Greeks and Romans; air.

(boxing, slang) The region of the solar plexus, where a blow may paralyze the diaphragm and cause temporary loss of breath or other injury.


incorporate

en-verb

incorporate (third-person singular simple present incorporates, present participle incorporating, simple past and past participle incorporated)

incorporates (present singular third-person)
incorporating (participle present)
incorporated (participle past)
incorporated (past)

/ɪŋˈkɔː.pə.ɹeɪt/

/ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɹeɪt/

/ɪŋˈkɔː.pə.ɹət/

/ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɚ.ət/

/ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɚ.ət/

From Middle English, from Late Latin incorporātus, perfect passive participle of incorporō (“to embody, to incorporate”), from in- (“in”) + corpus, corporis (“body”).

The design of his house incorporates a spiral staircase.

to incorporate another's ideas into one's work

The Romans[…] did not subdue a country in order to put the inhabitants to fire and sword, but to incorporate them into their own community.

1716 March 6 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison, “The Free-holder: No. 19. Friday, February 24. [1716.]”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; […], volume IV, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1721, →OCLC:

In spite of their small size and low weight, many technical developments which have proved themselves in main-line service have been incorporated, and a novelty in the 2-6-0-type is a tender cab to improve the conditions of tender-first running.

1947 March and April, “L.M.S.R. Locomotive Developments”, in Railway Magazine, page 66:

The new cars incorporate many features first introduced in the 1938 tube stock, but major changes include the use of rubber for the bogie bolster and axlebox suspension, fluorescent lighting, and the panelling of the cars in unpainted aluminium alloy.

1960 February, “The first of London's new Piccadilly Line trains is delivered”, in Trains Illustrated, page 93:

(transitive) To include (something) as a part.

دَمَجَ

include as a part or ingredient — see also integrate

(US, law) To include (another clause or guarantee of the US constitution) as a part (of the Fourteenth Amendment, such that the clause binds not only the federal government but also state governments).


incorporate

en-adj

incorporate (comparative more incorporate, superlative most incorporate)

more incorporate (comparative)
most incorporate (superlative)

/ɪŋˈkɔː.pə.ɹeɪt/

/ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɹeɪt/

/ɪŋˈkɔː.pə.ɹət/

/ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɚ.ət/

/ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɚ.ət/

As if our hands, our sides, voices, and minds / Had been incorporate.

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

a fifteenth part of silver incorporate with gold

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

And gazing on thee, sullen tree,
Sick for thy stubborn hardihood,
I seem to fail from out my blood
And grow incorporate into thee.

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto II”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:

(obsolete) Corporate; incorporated; made one body, or united in one body; associated; mixed together; combined; embodied.


incorporate

/ɪŋˈkɔɹpɚət/

/ɪŋˈkɔː(ɹ).pəɹ.ət/

/ɪŋˈkɔɹpɚət/

Moses forbore to speak of angels, and of things invisible, and incorporate.

1614, Walter Ralegh [i.e., Walter Raleigh], The Historie of the World […], London: […] William Stansby for Walter Burre, […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=1 to 5):

The air vibrated at a white-hot temperature, the stones seemed to be trembling silently, ready to flow, and in the distance, at a curve of the road, the files of men, guns and horses seemed detached from the earth, and trembled like a mass of jelly in their onward progress, and it seemed to me that they were not living people that I saw before me, but an army of incorporate shadows.

1905, Leonid Andreyev, translated by Alexandra Linden, The Red Laugh: Fragments of a Discovered Manuscript:

Not consisting of matter; not having a material body; incorporeal; spiritual.

an incorporate banking association

Not incorporated; not existing as a corporation.


committee

committees (plural)
cttee (alternative)
cmte (alternative)
cmte. (alternative)
com (alternative)
com. (alternative)
comm (alternative)
comm. (alternative)

→ French: comité (see there for further descendants)

From commit + -ee, or else revival of Anglo-Norman commite, past participle of commettre (“to commit”), from Latin committere, from con- (“with”) + mittere (“to send”). The OED3 prefers the first etymology.

a camel is a horse designed by a committee

(Pakistan, British Pakistani, finance) Alternative form of kameti.


drawer

→ Welsh: drôr

From draw (“to move by pulling”) + -er; compare French tiroir. Attested from the 16th century.

/ˈdɹɔː.ə(ɹ)/

/ˈdɹɔːɹə(ɹ)/

He knelt down and began shoving the drawer into the slot; the rail was misaligned so he banged it with the heel of his hand. It stuck.

2008, Jesmyn Ward, Where the Line Bleeds, Bloomsbury (2018), page 144:

An open-topped box that can be slid in and out of the cabinet that contains it, used for storing clothing or other articles.

laai

open-topped box in a cabinet used for storing


drawer

Middle English drawer, from draw + -er (agent noun suffix). Attested from the 14th century.

/ˈdɹɔː.ə(ɹ)/

/ˈdɹɔːɹə(ɹ)/

There is no doubt that the stipulation of nonguarantee of an acceptance inserted in a bill of exchange by the drawer has the effect of excluding the liability of guarantee for the indorsers as well as for the drawer.

1913, United States Congressional Serial Set, volume 6526, page 276:

(banking) One who writes a bank draft, check/cheque, or promissory note.

出票人

one who writes a bank draft, check/cheque or promissory note

When the good lieutenant applied himself to the door, he applied himself likewise to the bell; and the drawer immediately attending, he dispatched him for a file of musqueteers and a surgeon.

1749, Henry Fielding, chapter XII, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book VII:

He came down to the Pied Horse Inn, where I was a drawer, at Newmarket, twice.

1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard:

A barman; a person who draws the beer from the taps.


piano

en-noun

piano (plural pianos or (archaic) pianoes)

pianos (plural)
pianoes (archaic plural)

Clipping of pianoforte, from Italian pianoforte, from piano (“soft”) + forte (“strong”). So named because it could produce a wide range of varied volumes note-by-note, in contrast to older keyboard instruments, notably the harpsichord. Doublet of llano, plain, and plane.

The piano in his house takes up a lot of space.

She has been taking lessons for many years and now plays piano very well.

(music) A percussive keyboard musical instrument, usually ranging over seven octaves, with white and black colored keys, played by pressing these keys, causing hammers to strike strings.


piano

en-verb

piano (third-person singular simple present pianos, present participle pianoing, simple past and past participle pianoed)

pianos (present singular third-person)
pianoing (participle present)
pianoed (participle past)
pianoed (past)

He just stared at her, leaned back in his chair and pianoed his fingers along the tablecloth.

2013, Ann Blair Kloman, A Diamond to Die For, page 29:

“Jean, it ain't right how you separated those two,” he said, and pianoed the little coffin with his fingers, tapping out his grievance.

2017, Kim Michele Richardson, The Sisters of Glass Ferry:

The superintendent pianoed his fingers on the surface of a nearby desk.

Holly pianoed her fingers over her throat.

(of or with fingers) To move (the fingers) up and down on, similar to the motions of a pianist playing the piano.


piano

en-adv

piano (comparative more piano, superlative most piano)

more piano (comparative)
most piano (superlative)

(abbreviation) p

(music) Softly, as a dynamic in a piece of music.


piano

“Oh! yes, yes, there is not a word to be said against James Benwick[…]that soft sort of manner does not do him justice.”[…]
“Well, well, ladies are the best judges; but James Benwick is rather too piano for me[…]”

1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter XVIII, in Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume IV, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC:

‘Tradecraft, Chris,’ Enderby put in, who liked his bit of jargon, and Martindale, still piano, shot him a glance of admiration.

1977, John Le Carré, The Honourable Schoolboy, Folio Society, published 2010, page 160:

(in extended use) Gentle, soft, subdued.


proportionate

en-adj

proportionate (comparative more proportionate, superlative most proportionate)

more proportionate (comparative)
most proportionate (superlative)

/pɹəˈpɔːʃənət/

/pɹəˈpɔɹʃənət/

/pɹəˈpɔːʃəneɪt/

/pɹəˈpɔɹʃəneɪt/

From Latin prōportiōnāt(us). By surface analysis, proportion + -ate.

What is proportionate to his transgression.

1689 December (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], Two Treatises of Government: […], London: […] Awnsham Churchill, […], →OCLC:

In proportion; proportional; commensurable.


mole

Calqued from German Mol; spelled as if it had come directly from molecule or Latin moles (the ultimate source of Mol and molecule in any event).

International System of Units
International System of Units

(chemistry, physics) In the International System of Units, the base unit of amount of substance; the amount of substance of a system which contains exactly 6.02214076×10²³ elementary entities (atoms, ions, molecules, etc.). Symbol: mol. The number of atoms is known as Avogadro’s number. [from 1897]


low

low (comparative lower, superlative lowest)

lower (comparative)
lowest (superlative)

From Middle English lowe, lohe, lāh, from Old Norse lágr (“low”), from Proto-Germanic *lēgaz (“lying, flat, situated near the ground, low”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”).
Cognate with Scots laich (“low”), Low German leeg (“low, feeble, bad”), Danish lav (“low”), Icelandic lágur (“low”), West Frisian leech (“low”), North Frisian leeg, liig (“low”), Dutch laag (“low”), obsolete German läg (“low”). More at lie.

laag

in a position comparatively close to the ground

слаб

lacking health or vitality; feeble; weak

could eat the arse out of a low flying duck

could eat the crotch out of a low flying duck

could eat the crutch from a low flying duck

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make lofty ships carry low sails

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make tall ships carry low sails

Again, observe the unmeaningness of the low neck fashion. Our mothers wore low dresses and bare arms all day long; they knew if their shoulders and arms were beautiful they would look as well by daylight as by candlelight; […]

1878, Mary Eliza Joy Haweis, The Art of Beauty, London: Chatto & Windus, page 83:

Why do girls wear low dresses?

1917, George Amos Dorsey, Young Low, page 195:

Of less than normal height or upward extent or growth, or of greater than normal depth or recession; below the average or normal level from which elevation is measured.


low

en-verb

low (third-person singular simple present lows, present participle lowing, simple past and past participle lowed)

lows (present singular third-person)
lowing (participle present)
lowed (participle past)
lowed (past)
lowe (alternative)

From Middle English lowe, loghe, from Old Norse logi (“fire, flame, sword”), from Proto-Germanic *lugô (“flame, blaze”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“light”).
Cognate with Icelandic logi (“flame”), Swedish låga (“flame”), Danish lue (“flame”), German Lohe (“blaze, flames”), North Frisian leag (“fire, flame”), Old English līeġ (“fire, flame, lightning”). More at leye, light.

cog

Driest wood will eithest low,

1724 (edition of 1788), Allan Ramsay, The Tea-Table Miscellany, page 23

They scarcely left to co'er their fuds,
 To quench their lowan drouth.

[…] in every crevice; and each individual brick shone and “lowed” with the intense heat. “As I am a Christian man,” thought he, “this is verily the mouth of the pit; and I am lost — lost for ever, for —”

1870, Edward Peacock, Ralf Skirlaugh, the Lincolnshire Squire: A Novel, page 197:

Sand, striking a light with his flint and steel, and transferring the flame when it lowed up to the bowl of his tiny elf's pipe, so small that it just let in the top of his little finger as he settled the tobacco in it as it began to burn.

1894, Samuel Rutherford Crockett, The Raiders, page 82:

The next I saw, James parried a thrust so nearly that I thought him killed; and it lowed up in my mind that this was the girl's father, and in a manner almost my own, and I drew and ran in to sever them.

1895, Robert Louis Stevenson, Works, page 382:

(UK, Scotland, dialect) To burn; to blaze.


house

en-verb

house (third-person singular simple present houses, present participle housing, simple past and past participle housed)

houses (present singular third-person)
housing (participle present)
housed (participle past)
housed (past)

From Middle English housen, from Old English hūsian, from Proto-Germanic *hūsōną (“to house, live, dwell”), from the noun (see above). Compare Dutch huizen (“to live, dwell, reside”), German Low German husen (“to live, dwell, reside”), German hausen (“to live, dwell, reside”), Norwegian Nynorsk husa (“to house”), Faroese húsa (“to house”), Icelandic húsa (“to shelter, house”).

cog

All you wanna do is drink a fifth, house a lasagna, and hide in a dumpster until that baby stops crying.

2019, Joe Lawson, Shameless (series 10, episode 4, "A Little Gallagher Goes a Long Way")

(Canada, US, slang, transitive) To eat; especially, to scarf down.


heavy

en-adj

heavy (comparative heavier, superlative heaviest)

heavier (comparative)
heaviest (superlative)

Sranan Tongo: hebi

From Middle English hevy, heviȝ, from Old English hefiġ, hefeġ, hæfiġ (“heavy; important, grave, severe, serious; oppressive, grievous; slow, dull”), from Proto-West Germanic *habīg (“heavy, hefty, weighty”), from Proto-Germanic *habīgaz (“heavy, hefty, weighty”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to take, grasp, hold”).
Cognate with Scots hevy, havy, heavy (“heavy”), Saterland Frisian heeuwich, häwich (“violent, angry”), West Frisian hevich (“violent”), Dutch hevig (“violent, severe, intense, acute”), German Low German hevig (“violent, fierce, intense, angry”), German hebig (compare heftig (“fierce, severe, intense, violent, heavy”)), Icelandic höfugur (“heavy, weighty, important”), Latin capāx (“large, wide, roomy, spacious, capacious, capable, apt”).


heavy

With his wrinkled, uneven face, the actor always seemed to play the heavy in films.

(slang) A villain or bad guy; the one responsible for evil or aggressive acts.

Cavalry […] is divided into mediums, heavies, and light cavalry. The mediums consist of 13 regiments; the heavies of 2 regiments; and the light of 13.

1891, Ebenezer Cobham Brewer, The Historic Note-book: With an Appendix of Battles, page 153:

(military, historical) A member of the heavy cavalry.


liver

en-noun

liver (countable and uncountable, plural livers)

From Middle English lyvere, lyver, from Old English lifer (“liver”), from Proto-West Germanic *libru, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smear, smudge, stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Líeuwer, Lieuwer (“liver”), West Frisian lever (“liver”), Dutch lever (“liver”), German Leber (“liver”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish lever (“liver”) (the last three from Old Norse lifr (“liver”)). Related to live.

der

Steve Jobs is a famous liver transplant recipient.

(anatomy) A large organ in the body that stores and metabolizes nutrients, destroys toxins and produces bile. It is responsible for thousands of biochemical reactions.

I'd like some goose liver pate.

You could fry up some chicken livers for a tasty treat. — Nah, I don't like chicken liver.

"I should think you've rocked the boat enough already by refusing to eat liver."

1993, Philippa Gregory, Fallen Skies, →ISBN, page 222:

(countable, uncountable) This organ, as taken from animals used as food.

He gave his horse some liver of antimony.

(obsolete chemistry) Any of various chemical compounds—particularly sulfides—thought to resemble livers in color.


liver

From Middle English lyvere, livere, equivalent to live + -er.

They must instantly have been detected by the present Livers that were upon the place.

1677, Cary, Chronol., II, ii, III, xiv, 252

One, John Powle, a Liver on Sasquehanna River.

There is no liver in the country so practical.

1863, D. G. Mitchell, Sev. Stor., My Farm of Edgewood, section 289:

(uncommon) Someone who lives (usually in a specified way).

Someone who lives in a particular place; an inhabitant, a dweller.


river

→ Finnish: river (“river (in poker)”)

Sranan Tongo: liba

From Middle English ryver, from Anglo-Norman rivere, from Early Medieval Latin rīpāria (“littoral, riverbank”), from Latin rīpārius (“of a riverbank”), from Latin rīpa (“river bank”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to scratch, tear, cut”). Unrelated to Latin rīvus (“stream”) (whence rival, derive). Doublet of riviera and rivière. Displaced native Old English ēa.

lake [⇒ thesaurus] "stream of running water"

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class III § 348. River

Occasionally rivers overflow their banks and cause floods.

By the side of the river he trotted as one trots, when very small, by the side of a man who holds one spell-bound by exciting stories; and when tired at last, he sat on the bank, while the river still chattered on to him, a babbling procession of the best stories in the world, sent from the heart of the earth to be told at last to the insatiable sea.

1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:

Floods in northern India, mostly in the small state of Uttarakhand, have wrought disaster on an enormous scale. The early, intense onset of the monsoon on June 14th swelled rivers, washing away roads, bridges, hotels and even whole villages. Rock-filled torrents smashed vehicles and homes, burying victims under rubble and sludge.

2013 June 29, “High and wet”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 28:

A large and often winding stream which drains a land mass, carrying water down from higher areas to a lower point, oftentimes ending in another body of water, such as an ocean or in an inland sea.

He called instantly but was too ashamed to show until the river.

2017, Nathan Schwiethale, Ace High: Mastering Low Stakes Poker Cash Games, page 70:

(typography) A visually undesirable effect of white space running down a page, caused by spaces between words on consecutive lines happening to coincide.

نهر أبيض

typography: visually undesirable effect of white space running down a page


live

en-adj

live (comparative more live, superlative most live)

more live (comparative)
most live (superlative)

He is a live example of the consequences of excessive drinking.


live

The concert was broadcast live by radio.

Of an event, as it happens; in real time; direct.


decrease

en-noun

decrease (countable and uncountable, plural decreases)

gain

antonym(s) of “amount by which a quantity decreases or is decreased”

From Middle English decresen, alteration of discresen, from Anglo-Norman, Old French descreistre (French: décroître), from Latin decrescere.

(knitting) A reduction in the number of stitches, usually accomplished by suspending the stitch to be decreased from another existing stitch or by knitting it together with another stitch. See Decrease (knitting).


From Middle English none, noon, non (“not one”), from Old English nān (“not one, not any, none”), from Proto-West Germanic *nain, from Proto-Germanic *nainaz (“none, nought, nothing”), equivalent to ne (“not”) + one. (Regarding the different phonological development of only and one, see the note in one.)
Cognate with Scots nane (“none”), Saterland Frisian naan, neen (“no, not any, none”), West Frisian neen & gjin (“no, none”), Dutch neen & geen (“no, none”), Low German nēn, neen, keen (“no, none, no one”), German nein & kein (“no, none”), Latin nōn (“not”).

inh

Thou shalt have none other gods but me.

the foles toke their lampes, but toke none oyle with them.

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew:

None lasses were in the dunces' row. If one had been there people would have looked at her and felt sorry but not boys.

2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 138:

(archaic outside Scotland, West Country) Not any; no (usually used only before a vowel or h):


From French none, from Latin nōna (“ninth; ninth hour”).

Alternative form of nones: the ninth hour after dawn; (Christianity) the religious service appointed to this hour.

nones

None of the day, is the third quarter of the day beginning at Noon and lasting till the Sun be gone half way towards setting.

The last, which began at the middle of the Afternoon, i.e. at half the Time between Noon and Sun-setting, was called None, because it began at the Ninth Hour.

1706, L.E. Dupin, “v, 43”, in D. Cotes, transl., A New Ecclesiastical History of the 16th Century, volume II:

(obsolete) Synonym of midafternoon: the time around or following noon or nones.


mare

Borrowed from Latin mare (“sea”). Doublet of mar and mere.

Kraken Mare (a lake of liquid hydrocarbons on Titan which is slightly larger than the Caspian Sea)

(planetology) On Saturn's moon Titan, any of several lakes which are large expanses of what is thought to be liquid hydrocarbons.


prefix

en-verb

prefix (third-person singular simple present prefixes, present participle prefixing, simple past and past participle prefixed)

prefixes (present singular third-person)
prefixing (participle present)
prefixed (participle past)
prefixed (past)
præfix (alternative obsolete)
prefixe (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English prefixen, from Middle French prefixer, from Latin praefīxus, past participle of praefīgō (“I (fix, fasten, set up) in front”, “I fix on the (end, extremity)”) (from prae- (“before”) + fīgō (“I fix”, “I fasten”, “I affix”)), equivalent to pre- + -fix.

But the danger was, that a man can hardly prefix any certaine limits unto his desire[…].

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 40, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book I, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

It is important to realize that pregivenness or prefixing is a kind of anteriority that does its work in the present; subjects and meanings in part emerge in enuciative co-constitutive moments.

2002, Thomas R. West, Signs of Struggle, page 23:

(transitive) To determine beforehand; to set in advance.


peer

peer (third-person singular simple present peers, present participle peering, simple past and past participle peered)

peers (present singular third-person)
peering (participle present)
peered (participle past)
peered (past)
pire (alternative dialectal obsolete)
pyre (alternative dialectal obsolete)

From Middle English peren, pyren, piren (“to peer, gaze”), perhaps from Old English *pȳran (“to look, peer”), from Proto-West Germanic *pūrijan (“to look”), related to Saterland Frisian pierje (“to look”), Dutch Low Saxon piren (“to look”), West Flemish pieren (“to look with narrowed eyes, squint at”), Dutch pieren (“to look closely at, examine”), Middle English pouren (“to gaze, look closely”), English pore (“to study meticulously”). Compare also West Frisian pluere (“to peer”), Dutch pluren (“to gaze squintingly”), German Low German plieren (“to blink”), Danish plire (“to peer”), Swedish plira, blira (“to peer”), and thence ultimately related to to the root of English blear.
The sense meaning "to be visible" is perhaps from a shortening of appear.

cog

And as the sun breaks through the darkest clouds, / So honour peereth in the meanest habit.

c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

I, I, let you alone, cunning Artificer! / See, hovv his gorget peeres aboue his govvne; / To tell the people, in vvhat danger he vvas.

1611, Ben[jamin] Jonson, Catiline His Conspiracy, London: […] [William Stansby?] for Walter Burre, →OCLC, Act IIII, signatures I, verso – I2, recto:

(intransitive, obsolete) To come in sight; to appear.


bass

bass ] (canonical)
basses (plural)
base (alternative dated)

A respelling of base under the influence of Italian basso (“low”).

SATB

initialism of soprano, alto, tenor, bass

The musician swung the bass over his head like an axe and smashed it into the amplifier, creating a discordant howl of noise.

(music) An instrument that plays in the bass range, in particular a double bass, bass guitar, electric bass or bass synthesiser.

The score had been written without the treble and bass, but it was easy to pick out which was which based on the location of the notes on the staff.

The clef sign that indicates that the pitch of the notes is below middle C; a bass clef.


bass

en-noun

bass (countable and uncountable, plural basses)

Fibers from other plants, especially palm trees

BASS, 1, a door mat

[1865, William Stott Banks, A List of Provincial Words in use at Wakefield in Yorkshire, Wakefield: J.R.Smith, page 6:

I set off half-heartedly, as best I could sheltering my spare clothes (which were in the straw fish-bass) under my coat. […] The rain made a channel from my trilby down my neck and one handle of the fish-bass gave way.

1982 [1980], J L Carr, A Month in the Country, Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books/Harvester Press, →ISBN, page 2:

Anything made from such fibers, such as a hassock, basket or thick mat.


content

From Middle English contenten (“to satisfy”), from Latin contentus (“contained; satisfied”), past participle of continēre (“to contain”).

der

(UK, House of Lords, by metonymy) A member who votes in assent.


content

en-noun

content (countable and uncountable, plural contents)

desctree

→ Russian: контент (kontent)
→ Armenian: կոնտենտ (kontent)

From Middle English content (plural contentes, contence), from Latin contentus, past participle of continēre (“to hold in, contain”), as Etymology 1, above. English apparently developed a substantive form of the adjective, which is not mirrored in Romance languages.

Although eloquently delivered, the content of the speech was objectionable.

You can look up the chapter on special relativity in the table of contents.

Hugh admitting that he never had, and moreover that he couldn’t read, Mrs Varden declared with much severity, that he ought to he even more ashamed of himself than before, and strongly recommended him to save up his pocket-money for the purchase of one, and further to teach himself the contents with all convenient diligence.

1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge. Chapter 21.”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume III, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC:

In the future, instead of bottles of dead "content," I imagine electronically defined venues, where minds residing in bodies scattered all over the planet are admitted, either by subscription or a ticket at a time, into the real-time presence of the creative act.

2000 October, John Perry Barlow, “The Next Economy Of Ideas”, in Wired, →ISSN:

The dirty secret of the internet is that all this distraction and interruption is immensely profitable. Web companies like to boast about "creating compelling content", or[…]and so on. But the real way to build a successful online business is to be better than your rivals at undermining people's control of their own attention.

2013 June 21, Oliver Burkeman, “The tao of tech”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 27:

Subject matter; semantic information (or a portion or body thereof); that which is contained in writing, speech, video, etc.

Some online video creators upload new content every day.

Prolific creators manage their voluminous content with any of various content management systems.

(by extension, uncountable) One or more creative works.

doing it for the content

(Internet, colloquial) The potential of creative work for a content creator.

(mathematics) The n-dimensional space contained by an n-dimensional polytope (called volume in the case of a polyhedron and area in the case of a polygon); length, area or volume, generalized to an arbitrary number of dimensions.

inhoud

mathematics: space contained by a polytope


corporate

en-noun

corporate (countable and uncountable, plural corporates)

The adjective is first attested in 1429, the noun in 1849; from Middle English corporat(e) (“(if a true adjective) corporeal, physical, embodied; (participle/participial adjective) incorporated; corporated, constituted as a legal corporation”, used as the past participle of corporaten), from Latin corporātus, perfect passive participle of corporō (“to make into a body”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from corpus (“body”, oblique stem in corp-) + -ō (verb-forming suffix). The noun was derived by substantivization from the adjective, see -ate (noun-forming suffix).

inh

used as the past participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">corporaten</i>

af

So-called junk corporates and emerging-market debt remain generally out of favor.

2009 January 11, Robert D. Hershey Jr., “Look Past 2008 Stars for Gains in Bonds”, in New York Times:

(finance) A bond issued by a corporation.

Currently there are 19 members, who are all in Spotlight and belong to Equity. Areas of work include theatre, musicals, television, film, commercials, corporates and voiceovers.

2013, Simon Dunmore, Actors' Yearbook 2014:

A short film produced for internal use in a business, e.g. for training, rather than for a general audience.

McDonald's corporate issued a new policy today.

(business, countable) A corporation that franchises, as opposed to an individual franchise.

it came down from corporate

The work could be rewarding, but corporate is micro-managing everything.

(business, informal, uncountable) The higher managerial echelons of a corporation.


delegate

From Middle English delegat, from Old French delegat, from Latin dēlēgātus substantivized from the nominative masculine singular of dēlēgātus, the perfect passive participle of dēlēgō (“to send, assign, delegate”), see -ate (noun-forming suffix). See also legate.

(US) An appointed representative in some legislative bodies.

Historically, all viable frameworks have always provided a mechanism to implement callbacks. C# goes one step further and encapsulates callbacks into callable objects called delegates.

2010, Trey Nash, Accelerated C# 2010, page xxvi:

(computing) A type of variable storing a reference to a method with a particular signature, analogous to a function pointer.


delegate

en-verb

delegate (third-person singular simple present delegates, present participle delegating, simple past and past participle delegated)

delegates (present singular third-person)
delegating (participle present)
delegated (participle past)
delegated (past)

/ˈdɛlɪˌɡeɪt/

/ˈdɛlɪˌɡeɪt/

/ˈdɛləˌɡeɪt/

/ˈdeləˌɡæɪt/

From the above noun by metanalysis or directly borrowed from Latin dēlēgātus, see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.

(computing, Internet, transitive) (of a subdomain) To give away authority over a subdomain; to allow someone else to create sub-subdomains of a subdomain of one's own.


delegate

From Middle English delegat(e) (“delegated”, used as a past participle and adjective), used as the past participle of delegate up until Early Modern English, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.


upcast

From Middle English upcasten, equivalent to up- + cast.

(mining) A current of air passed along such a shaft.

for what with the upcast and terror that I got a wee while syne, and what wi' the wee bit taste that I behoved to take of the plottie while I was making it, my head is sair eneugh distressed the night already.

1823 December 23 (indicated as 1824), [Walter Scott], St Ronan’s Well. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:


upcast

en-verb

upcast (third-person singular simple present upcasts, present participle upcasting, simple past and past participle upcast or upcasted)

upcasts (present singular third-person)
upcasting (participle present)
upcast (participle past)
upcast (past)
upcasted (participle past)
upcasted (past)

To broadcast a message or data to aircraft or satellites, especially via radio waves; as opposed to uplinking to a specific satellite or aircraft


therefor

During the last fiscal year the Secretary purchased ... 54,355,748 ounces of silver and issued in payment therefor $51,106,608 in notes.

1892, Benjamin Harrison, Fourth State of the Union Address:

Welcoming people from all over the world, Honolulu has the glad heart behind the "glad hand," so to speak, when the welcomees give cause therefor, whether they come to teach, or to learn; to rest, or to work; to earn, or to spend.

1922, Paradise of the Pacific, volume 35:

If the action is adverse to the applicant law school, the action letter shall contain the Committee's specific reasons therefor.

1997 August, “Rules of procedure for approval of law schools by the American Bar Association.”, in ABA Journal, volume 83, number 8, pages 117–128:

We emphasize that, contrary to repeated assertions in defendant's briefing, the trial court did not strike the true findings on those three prison term allegations, but struck only the punishment therefor, which was a statutorily permitted method of handling them.

2016, Elena J. Duarte, People v. Garner, 244 Cal. App. 4th 1113 (Cal. App. 3d Dist. 2016):

(now chiefly in law) For that; in return for that.


sake

From Middle English sake (“sake, cause”), from Old English sacu (“cause, lawsuit, legal action, complaint, issue, dispute”), from Proto-West Germanic *saku, from Proto-Germanic *sakō (“affair, thing, charge, accusation, matter”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂g- (“to investigate”).
Akin to West Frisian saak (“cause; business”), Low German Saak, Dutch zaak (“matter; cause; business”), German Sache (“thing; matter; cause; legal cause”), Danish sag, Swedish and Norwegian sak, Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌾𐍉 (sakjō, “dispute, argument”), Old English sōcn (“inquiry, prosecution”), Old English sēcan (“to seek”). More at soke, soken, seek.

cog

And unto Adam He said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 3:17:

(obsolete except in phrases) contention, strife; guilt, sin, accusation or charge


agora

From Hebrew אֲגוֹרָה (agorá), from the root א־ג־ר (ʾ-g-r, “forming words relating to hoarding and storing”).

(numismatics) Since 1960, a monetary unit and coin of Israel, the 100th part of a shekel / sheqel.


postulate

From Latin postulātus, perfect passive participle of postulō (“request”), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more.

postulate Illation

1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC:


wallah

wallahs (plural)
waala (alternative)
waalah (alternative)
walah (alternative)
wala (alternative)
vaala (alternative)
vaalah (alternative)
valah (alternative)
walla (alternative)

Either from Hindi -वाला (-vālā, “pertaining to”) or from Hindi वाला (vālā, “person in charge”).

competition wallah
competition wallah#English

(North India, historical) Ellipsis of competition wallah.


putter

(golf) A person who is taking a putt or putting.


collect

From Middle English collecte, from Ecclesiastical Latin collēcta (“assembly; collect”), originally designating the gathering at the beginning of a liturgical celebration.

der

He used the day's collect as the basis of his sermon.

Book of Common Prayer
Book of Common Prayer

(Christianity) The prayer said before the reading of the epistle lesson, especially one found in a prayerbook, as with the Book of Common Prayer.

resumpreĝo

prayer said before reading of the epistle lesson


covey

From cove + -y (diminutive suffix). Cove is derived from Romani kodo (“this one; him”) or kova (“that person”).

I don't know what would become of these here young chaps, if it wasn't for such careful old coveys as we are— […]

1821 September (first performance), William T[homas] Moncrieff, “Tom and Jerry; or, Life in London”, in Selection from the Dramatic Works of William T. Moncrieff. […], volume III, London: Hailes Lacy, […], published 1851, →OCLC, Act II, scene ii, page 43:

Hullo! my covey, what's the row?

1837 May, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], “Oliver Walks to London, and Encounters on the Road a Strange Sort of Young Gentleman”, in Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], published 1838, →OCLC, page 123:

'Pooh!' said he, 'you are as easily wounded as an unfledged dove—don't mind what an old covey like me says—I understand it all.'

1846, Justin Jones, The Prince and the Queen; or, Scenes in High Life: A Romance of the Court of St. James, Boston, Mass.: U.S. Pub. Co., →OCLC:

There vas an old covey as lived in Wapping, at the time I'm telling you of, who vas connected vith us by ties of common interest.

1850, Waldo Howard, “The Burglar’s Story”, in The Mistake of a Life-time: or, The Robber of the Rhine Valley. […], Boston, Mass.: F. Gleason, […], →OCLC, page 140, column 2:

(British, familiar, slang, dated) A male person, a man; a chap, a chappie.


Gaelic

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Gaelic.wav

Goidelic; any Goidelic language.
Irish Gaelic.

Goidelic; any Goidelic language.
Manx Gaelic.


moth

To remove moth patches, wash the spots with a solution of common bicarbonate of soda and water several times a day, until the patches are removed, which will usually be in forty-eight hours.

1895, Good Housekeeping, page 196, ISSN: 0731-3462

Craves for sour things, chalks and eggs, fatty people with light brown spots on the face or liver spots, moth patches on forehead and cheek.

1999, R. L. Gupta, Directory of Diseases & Cures: In Homoeopathy, →ISBN, page 254:

There are signs of liver affections as weakness, yellow complexion, liver spots, and moth spot like a saddle over the nose.

2005, J. D. Patil, Textbook of Applied Materia Medica, →ISBN, page 108:

(dated) A liver spot, especially an irregular or feathery one.


mot

Here and there turns up a […] savage mot.

1859, unknown author, “Literary Adventure. Life of Douglas Jerrold”, in North British Review:

‘He comes from Montreal, in Canada.’ ‘Why?’ she said, repeating Dr Johnson's mot with a forced sneer.

1970, John Glassco, Memoirs of Montparnasse, New York, published 2007, page 32:


mot

Probably from Dutch mot (“woman”). See also mort (“woman”) and moth (“girlfriend”).

Come wed, my dear, and let's agree, / Then of the booze-ken you'll be free; / No sneer from cully, mot, or froe / Dare then reproach my Bess for Joe; / For he's the kiddy rum and queer, / That all St. Giles's boys do fear.

1789, G. Parker, “The Sandman's Wedding”, in Farmer, John Stephen, editor, Musa Pedestris, published 1896:

And we shall caper a-heel-and-toeing, / A Newgate hornpipe some fine day; / With the mots, their ogles throwing, / Tol lol, &c. / And old Cotton humming his pray.

1829 July 10, Vidocq, Eugène François with Maginn, William, transl., “Noctes Ambrosiana [En roulant de vergne en vergne]”, in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, number 45, translation of En roulant de vergne en vergne, page 133:

After some altercation with the "mot" of the "ken" (mistress of the lodging-house) about the cleanliness of a knife or fork, my new acquaintance began to arrange "ground," &c., for the night's work.

1851, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, volume 1, page 217:


eta

Greek was an exercise in making the familiar strange. Its alphabet mapped onto the Roman alphabet, but only partly so, and often letters did not sound how they looked — a rho (Ρ) was not a P, and an eta (Η) was not an H.

2022, R. F. Kuang, Babel, HarperVoyager, page 25:

The seventh letter of the Modern Greek alphabet, the eighth in Old Greek.


AAA

(finance) The highest credit rating given by debt analysis agencies such as Standard & Poor's, Moody's, and A.M. Best.


arsenic

en-noun

arsenic (countable and uncountable, plural arsenics)

arsenics (plural)
arsenick (alternative obsolete)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-arsenic.wav

From Middle English arsenik, borrowed from Middle French arsenic, from Latin arsenicum, from Ancient Greek ἀρσενικόν (arsenikón, “yellow arsenic”) (influenced by ἀρσενικός (arsenikós, “potent, virile”)), from Semitic (compare Classical Syriac ܙܪܢܝܟܐ (zarnīḵā), Aramaic 𐡆𐡓𐡍𐡉𐡊𐡀 (zrnykʾ /zarnīḵā/)), from Middle Iranian *zarnīk (compare Persian زرنی (zarni, “arsenic”)), from Old Iranian *zarniya-ka- (compare Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬀 (zaraniia, “golden”), Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎴𐎡𐎹 (d-r-n-i-y /daraniya-/, “gold”), Sanskrit हिरण्य (híraṇya, “gold”), Persian زر (zar, “gold”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-. More at yellow.

cog

Arsenic trioxide
arsenic trioxide#English


emu

A bar magnet NS has poles of strength 144 emu, 5 cm apart.

1941, Henry A[ugustus Perkins], edited by E[dward] U[hler] Condon, College Physics (Prentice-Hall Physics Series), New York, N.Y.: Prentice-Hall, →OCLC, page 403:

Rock Magnetic Properties as Related to a Magnetometer Profile for Serpentines, Sierra Nevada, California / DuBOIS, ROBERT L., Dept. Geology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz. / The remanent magnetism of a suite of specimens from a serpentine mass in the Sierra Nevada, California, has a declination of N. 32°E. and an inclination of plus 84°. The average intensity is 80 × 10⁻⁵ emu/cc.

1962, “Abstracts of Papers Submitted for the Meeting in Houston: November 12–14, 1962”, in Geological Society of America: Abstracts for 1962: Abstracts of Papers Submitted for Six Meetings with which the Society was Associated (Special GSA Papers; no. 73), New York, N.Y.: Geological Society of America, published 1963, →OCLC, page 141:

The amount of charge named by one emu is that which produces a unit magnetic effect when flowing in a current at one unit length per second.

1974, William Berkson, “Maxwell’s Field Theory”, in Fields of Force: The Development of a World View from Faraday to Einstein, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, →ISBN; republished Abingdon, Oxon., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, 2014, →ISBN, page 168:

Early investigations showed no detectable magnetic intensity in tektite glass, at the level of about 10⁻⁴ emu/g. (To convert measurements in emu/g to S.I., multiply by 10³.)

1976, John Aloysius O’Keefe, Tektites and Their Origin (Developments in Petrology; 4), Amsterdam, New York, N.Y.: Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co., →OCLC, page 109:

Experimentally the magnetic moment is usually given in units of emu/g, emu/cm³ or emu/mole.

2005, Peter Mohn, “Experimental Basis of Ferromagnetism”, in Magnetism in the Solid State: An Introduction (Solid-State Sciences), Berlin: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 39:

electromagnetic unit
electromagnetic unit#English

(physics) Initialism of electromagnetic unit.


es

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


real

en-adj

real (comparative realer or more real, superlative realest or most real)

realer (comparative)
more real (comparative)
realest (superlative)
most real (superlative)

fictitious

antonym(s) of “that has physical existence”

imaginary

antonym(s) of “relating to numbers with a one-to-one correspondence to the points on a line”

UK

US

From Middle English real, from Old French reel, from Late Latin reālis (“actual”), from Latin rēs (“matter, thing”), from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁ís (“wealth, goods”). Doublet of realis.

prea

signifying meritorious qualities or actions

the real treasure is the friends we made along the way

This is a real problem.


real

UK

US

When I told him the truth, he got real mad.

Se looked at me real strange.

We were meeting in the Oval Office and I saw the morning news report and I just happened casually to mention to George I says- 'Well I'll betcha that President Johnson is gonna be real pleased when he finds that now they are calling me the number one bomber.' And George Christian said 'Oh don't be too sure.' He says, 'You know LBJ- he never likes to be number two.'

1977, Nixon interviews, spoken by Richard Nixon, →OCLC:


chassis

Borrowed from French châssis, from châsse, from Latin capsa (“case”).

A base frame, or movable railway, along which the carriage of a mounted gun moves backward and forward.


laureate

en-verb

laureate (third-person singular simple present laureates, present participle laureating, simple past and past participle laureated)

laureates (present singular third-person)
laureating (participle present)
laureated (participle past)
laureated (past)

Borrowed from Latin laureatus, from laurea (“laurel tree”), from laureus (“of laurel”), from laurus (“laurel”). Compare French lauréat.

(intransitive) To honor with a wreath of laurel, as formerly was done in bestowing a degree at English universities.


accursed

en-adj

accursed (comparative more accursed, superlative most accursed)

more accursed (comparative)
most accursed (superlative)
accurst (alternative)

* First attested in the early 13th century.
* From Middle English acursed, from acursen (“to curse”), from Old English ācursian, from ā + cursen, from curs (“curse”).

Accursed race of Tiriel. behold your father // Come forth & look on her that bore you. come you accursed sons.

Lo! they are charged with studying the accursed cabalistical secrets of the Jews, and the magic of the Paynim Saracens.

1819, Ivanhoe, Walter Scott, Chapter 35:

[…]Alaeddin ate and drank and was cheered and after he had rested and had recovered spirits he cried, "Ah, O my mother, I have a sore grievance against thee for leaving me to that accursed wight who strave to compass my destruction and designed to take my life. Know that I beheld Death with mine own eyes at the hand of this damned wretch, whom thou didst certify to be my uncle;[…]

1885, Richard F. Burton, The Supplemental Nights to the Thousand Nights and a Night, Night 532:

(prenominal) Hateful; detestable, loathsome.

Accurſt be he that firſt inuented war

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iv:

[…]—if any one, be he who he may, attempt to alter the faith once for all delivered, let him be accursed.

1885, Charles Abel Heurtley, transl., The Commonitory of Vincent of Lérins, Chapter 8:

1912, Fyodor Dostoevsky, translated by Constance Garnett, The Brothers Karamazov, Book III, Chapter 7,
For at the very moment I become accursed, at that same highest moment, I become exactly like a heathen […]

We did not come here to waste words in treating with Sauron, faithless and accursed; still less with one of his slaves. Begone!

1955, J.R.R. Tolkien, The Return of the King, The Return of the King/Book V, Chapter 10

(theology) Doomed to destruction or misery; cursed; anathematized.


produce

en-verb

produce (third-person singular simple present produces, present participle producing, simple past and past participle produced)

produces (present singular third-person)
producing (participle present)
produced (participle past)
produced (past)

/pɹəˈd͡ʒuːs/

From Middle English produce, from Latin prōdūcō (“to lead forth”), from prō- (“forth, forward”) + dūcō (“to lead, bring”). The noun is derived from the verb.

highly produced sound

(music) To alter using technology, as opposed to simply performing.


produce

/ˈpɹɒd͡ʒuːs/

All fruits, vegetables, and dairy and poultry-yard produce are, in the Australian capitals, dear, and of very easy sale.

1852, F. Lancelott, Australia As It Is: Its Settlements, Farms and Gold Fields, page 151:

Taking a retrospect, then, of fourteen years preceding 1860, and making two periods of seven years each, the value of the exports of the produce or manufactures of this country to Australia has been, for the annual average of the first seven years, 1846-52, 2½ millions sterling; while for the second period, 1856-59, the annual average has been 11 millions.

1861, William Westgarth, Australia: Its Rise, Progress, and Present Condition, page 54:

While it is true that New Zealand′s economic stake in the region [of Oceania] remained relatively small when compared with the major markets for New Zealand produce in Australia, Asia, North America and Europe, it nevertheless remained the region through which trade must pass on its way to these larger markets.

1999, Bruce Brown, Malcolm McKinnon, New Zealand in World Affairs, 1972-1990, page 291:

A farm supervisor is employed to coordinate the planting and harvesting of produce by volunteers.

2008, Peter Newman, Isabella Jennings, Cities As Sustainable Ecosystems: Principles and Practices, page 230:

Harvested agricultural goods collectively, especially vegetables and fruit, but possibly including eggs, dairy products and meat; the saleable food products of farms.

добив

harvested agricultural goods collectively

(Australia) Livestock and pet food supplies.


consecrate

consecrate (third-person singular simple present consecrates, present participle consecrating, simple past and past participle consecrated)

consecrates (present singular third-person)
consecrating (participle present)
consecrated (participle past)
consecrated (past)

First attested in the late 14ᵗʰ century, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English consecraten (“to dedicate, consecrate (an altar, church); to ordain (a bishop), anoint (a king, a pope); to devote one to religious life”), from consecrat(e) (“consecrated”, used as the past participle of consecraten) + -en (verb-forming suffix), borrowed from Latin cōnsecrātus, perfect passive participle of cōnsecrāre, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).

af

(transitive) To commit (oneself or one's time) solemnly to some aim or task.


blessed

en-adj

blessed (comparative more blessed, superlative most blessed)

more blessed (comparative)
most blessed (superlative)
blessèd (alternative)
blesséd (alternative)
blest (alternative)

condemned

antonym(s) of “having divine aid, or protection, or other blessing”

‘My blessed Public must have a pretty girl’s face. Romance isn’t romance, adventure is as dull as dishwater...to my Public...unless, every so often, a face to sink a thousand ships, or is it saps? shows up.’

1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 6:


cursed

cursed (comparative curseder or more cursed, superlative cursedest or most cursed)

curseder (comparative)
more cursed (comparative)
cursedest (superlative)
most cursed (superlative)
cursèd (alternative poetic)
curséd (alternative poetic)
curst (alternative archaic)

blessed

antonym(s) of “having some sort of divine harm”

From Middle English cursed, cursd, curst, corsed, curset, cursyd, equivalent to curse + -ed.

Leonato By my troth neece thou wilt neuer get thee a huſband, if thou be ſo ſhrewd of thy tongue. / brother Infaith ſhees too curſt. / Beatrice Too curſt is more then curſt, I ſhall leſſen Gods ſending that way, for it is ſaide, God ſends a curſt cow ſhort hornes, but to a cow too curſt, he ſends none.

1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, Much Adoe about Nothing. […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

(obsolete) Shrewish, ill-tempered (often applied to women).


bow

From Middle English bowe, from Old English boga, Proto-West Germanic *bogō, from Proto-Germanic *bugô.
Cognate with West Frisian bôge, Dutch boog, German Bogen, Swedish båge.

strykstok

rod used for playing stringed instruments

Bows come in a variety of different shapes, sizes and cultures, and what is true of one, is not necessarily true of another, so we're gonna be stereotyping here, but, in general, a bow is a way of launching a pointy stick at somebody that you don't like.

2024 November 28, blumineck, “Fantasy vs Reality: 5 weapons that fantasy gets wrong!”, in youtube.com, retrieved 2025-05-07:

(archery) A weapon made of a curved piece of wood or other flexible material whose ends are connected by a string, used for shooting arrows.

A type of knot with two loops, used to tie together two cords such as shoelaces or apron strings, and frequently used as decoration, such as in gift-wrapping.

The U-shaped piece which goes around the neck of an ox and fastens it to the yoke.

Any instrument consisting of an elastic rod, with ends connected by a string, employed for giving reciprocating motion to a drill, or for preparing and arranging hair, fur, etc., used by hatters.

Either of the two handles of a pair of scissors.


bow

PIE word
 *bʰeh₂ǵʰús
From Middle English bowe, bowgh, a borrowing from Middle Low German bôch and/or Middle Dutch boech, from Proto-Germanic *bōguz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰus (“arm”). Cognate with Dutch boeg (“bow”), Danish bov (“bow”), Swedish bog (“bow”). Doublet of bough.

(rowing) The rower that sits in the seat closest to the bow of the boat.


bow

Clipping of boutta, itself a contraction of about to.


lupine

North American English form of lupin (any plant of the genus Lupinus; an edible legume seed of one of these plants).


discharge

en-noun

discharge (countable and uncountable, plural discharges)

/dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/

/dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑɹdʒ/

-ɪstʃɑː(ɹ)dʒ

From Middle English dischargen, from Old French deschargier (“to unload”), from Late Latin discarricāre (“unload”). By surface analysis, dis- + charge.

care transition after discharge

(medicine) The act of releasing an inpatient from hospital.

изписване

career transition after discharge

(military) The act of releasing a member of the armed forces from service.

уволнение

(medicine, uncountable) Pus or exudate or mucus (but in modern usage not exclusively blood) from a wound or orifice, usually due to pathological or hormonal changes.


attribute

From Latin attributus past participle of attribuere.

(logic) That which is predicated or affirmed of a subject; a predicate; an accident.

attribuutti

logic: that which is predicated or affirmed of a subject

This packet has its coherency attribute set to zero.

A file with the read-only attribute set cannot be overwritten.

object-oriented programming
object-oriented programming

(computing, object-oriented programming) An option or setting belonging to some object.

atribut

computing: the applicable option selection

Properties can be marked as obsolete with an attribute, which will cause the compiler to generate a warning if they are used.

This attribute is used to declare in metadata that the attributed method or class requires SocketPermission of the declared form.

2003, Peter Drayton, Ben Albahari, Ted Neward, C# in a Nutshell, page 536:

(programming) A semantic item with which a method or other code element may be decorated.

[…] you can only carry two objects, your attributes clash when you walk past multi-coloured objects and your enemies fly up and down from the ceiling.

1987, Marcus Berkmann, Sceptre Of Bagdad (video game review) in Your Sinclair issue 17

If any of the video buffer's background attribute bits are on, MONO converts the attribute to 70h (inverse video).

1989, PC: The Independent Guide to IBM Personal Computers:

(computer graphics, dated) A numeric value representing the colours of part of the screen display.


Cairo

Borrowed from Italian Il Cairo, from Arabic الْقَاهِرَة (al-qāhira)

Caherah (alternative)
Al-Caherah (alternative)

unincorporated community
unincorporated community

Tippecanoe County
Tippecanoe County#English

An unincorporated community in Tippecanoe Township, Tippecanoe County, Indiana.

An unincorporated community in Pratt County, Kansas.

A small unincorporated community in Coal County, Oklahoma.

An unincorporated community in Malheur County, Oregon.

A town in Ritchie County, West Virginia.


slavery

slavery (usually uncountable, plural slaveries)

THAT the Constitution does not confer upon Congress power to interfere with slavery in the States, has been admitted by all parties and confirmed by all judicial decisions ever since the origin of the Federal Government. This doctrine was emphatically recognized by the House of Representatives in the days of Washington, during the first session of the first Congress,* and has never since been seriously called in question. Hence, it became necessary for the abolitionists, in order to furnish a pretext for their assaults on Southern slavery, to appeal to a law higher than the Constitution.
Slavery, according to them, was a grievous sin against God, and therefore no human Constitution could rightfully shield it from destruction. It was sinful to live in a political confederacy which tolerated slavery in any of the States composing it;[...]

1866, James Buchanan, Mr. Buchanan's Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion, New York: D. Appleton and Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 9:

Thus Django becomes the carrier of the “public use of one's reason”—the Kantian road to enlightenment given to him by the German “Forty-Eighter” dentist–turned-bounty hunter Dr. “King” Schultz, and represents the fictive, allohistorical beginning of the battle against slavery and racism in the United States.

2014 July 31, Oliver C. Speck, editor, Quentin Tarantino's Django Unchained: The Continuation of Metacinema, Bloomsbury, →ISBN, page 25:

An institution or social practice of owning human beings as property, especially for use as forced laborers.

skllavëri

institution or practice of owning human beings


import

import (countable and uncountable, plural imports)

export

antonym(s) of “something brought in from a foreign country”

From Middle English importen, from Old French emporter, importer, from Latin importō (“bring in from abroad, import”, verb), from in (“in, at, on; into”) + portō (“I carry, bear; convey”).

der

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

(countable) Something brought in from an exterior source, especially for sale or trade.

وَارِدَات

(uncountable) The practice of importing.

(countable, Philippines) A foreigner playing in a sports league.


import

en-verb

import (third-person singular simple present imports, present participle importing, simple past and past participle imported)

imports (present singular third-person)
importing (participle present)
imported (participle past)
imported (past)

From Italian importare, and French importer, from Latin importō.

See how much it importeth to learn to take Time by the Fore-Top.

1661, Thomas Salusbury, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

(intransitive) To be important; to be significant; to be of consequence.


Vienna

From Italian and Medieval Latin Vienna, from German Wien, Middle High German Wienne, and Old High German Wienna, probably from Proto-Celtic *widus (“wood”) or *weidus (“wild”) via unattested Vulgar Latin *Vedunia. Doublet of Wien.

A city, the county seat of Dooly County, Georgia.

A city, the county seat of Maries County, Missouri.


sundae

A dessert consisting of ice cream with various toppings.


affect

affect (third-person singular simple present affects, present participle affecting, simple past and past participle affected)

affects (present singular third-person)
affecting (participle present)
affected (participle past)
affected (past)

From Middle English affecten, from Latin affectāre, from Latin affectus, the participle stem of Latin afficere (“to act upon, influence, affect, attack with disease”), from ad- + facere (“to make, do”).

der

(transitive, Scots law) To burden (property) with a fixed charge or payment, or other condition or restriction.


Dominican

From Dominica + -an & Dominic + -an. Compare Latin dominicānus.

A person from the Commonwealth of Dominica or of its descent.

A member of the religious order founded by St. Dominic.


Dominican

en-adj

Dominican (comparative more Dominican, superlative most Dominican)

more Dominican (comparative)
most Dominican (superlative)

The first night, I did nothing more than have a glass of wine at Faust Wine Cellar, located under the Dominican cloister that houses the Hilton Budapest Hotel in the Buda Castle complex.

2014 January 30, Seth Kugel, “Wintertime Bargains in Budapest”, in The New York Times:

Of or belonging to the Dominican religious order.


forte

Borrowed 1640–50; earlier fort < Middle French; disyllabic pronunciation by association with Italian forte, from Latin fortis (“strong”). Doublet of fort and fortis.

He writes respectably, but poetry is not his forte.

Between ourselves, the country is rather triste, and you have given me positively a sensation; yet my forte is not the Arcadian: however, I will do my petit possible to console you for the loss of le beau Lindor, who was my predecessor.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XV, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 115:

The strong part of a sword blade, close to the hilt.

juuri

the strong part of a sword blade, close to the hilt


forte

en-adv

forte (comparative more forte, superlative most forte)

more forte (comparative)
most forte (superlative)

(abbreviation) f

The musicians played the passage forte.

(music) Loudly, as a dynamic in a piece of music.


forte

This passage is forte, then there's a diminuendo to mezzo piano.


Jan

From various European languages, ultimately from Latin Johannes.

A male given name, equivalent to English John.


perfume

en-noun

perfume (countable and uncountable, plural perfumes)

Borrowed from Middle French parfum, perfum. Doublet of parfum.

គន្ធរស

kŏənthĕəʼrŭəh

Breezes blowing from beds of iris quickened her breath with their perfume; she saw the tufted lilacs sway in the wind, and the streamers of mauve-tinted wistaria swinging, all a-glisten with golden bees; she saw a crimson cardinal winging through the foliage, and amorous tanagers flashing like scarlet flames athwart the pines.

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, “Afterglow”, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 168:

A pleasant smell; the scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor.

The market for prestige perfumes is pretty much restricted to what industry economists call “gotrocks ladies”—women in households with annual incomes over $40,000 and who are over forty but still young enough to have a sense of smell (Elizabeth Taylor, for instance).

1987 October, Timothy Kalich, “Marketing: What's in a Smell?”, in The Atlantic, →ISSN:

The perfume industry is facing a major problem: maintaining constant levels of quality is crucial, but it is increasingly difficult to obtain a regular supply of all the necessary natural ingredients.

2014 March 7, Nicole Vulser, “Perfume manufacturers must cope with the scarcity of precious supplies”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 190, number 13, page 30:

(perfumery) A substance created to provide a pleasant smell or one which emits an agreeable odor.


perfume

en-verb

perfume (third-person singular simple present perfumes, present participle perfuming, simple past and past participle perfumed)

perfumes (present singular third-person)
perfuming (participle present)
perfumed (participle past)
perfumed (past)

(transitive) To apply perfume to; to fill or impregnate with a perfume; to scent.


aggregate

en-noun

aggregate (countable and uncountable, plural aggregates)

From Middle English aggregat(e) (“a sum, unit, complex, aggregate”), borrowed from New Latin aggregātum (“an aggregate”), substantivized from the nominative neuter singular of aggregātus, the perfect passive participle of aggregō (“to flock together”), from ad- (“at, to, toward”)) + gregō (“to flock or group”), from grex (“flock”, greg- in compounds) + -ō (verb-forming suffix). See also egregious and gregarious.

inh

/ˈæɡ.ɹɪ.ɡət/

(music) The full chromatic scale of twelve equal tempered pitches.

the full chromatic or the set of all twelve pitch classes

"Yes sair," returned the Frenchman, whose prominent eyes were watching the precarious footsteps of the beast he rode, as it picked its dangerous way among the roots of trees, holes, log bridges, and sloughs that formed the aggregate of the highway.

1823, James Fenimore Cooper, chapter 21, in The Pioneers:

He explained that engineers had been able to examine the bridge visually, and had started surveying likely sites for access roads and where to place the heavyweight crawler crane. NR was also ordering the aggregates needed for the access roads.

2020 August 26, “Network News: Mid-September before line reopens, says Network Rail”, in Rail, page 10:

Solid particles of low aspect ratio added to a composite material, as distinguished from the matrix and any fibers or reinforcements; especially the gravel and sand added to concrete.

пълнител

solid particles of low aspect ratio added to a composite material


aggregate

en-verb

aggregate (third-person singular simple present aggregates, present participle aggregating, simple past and past participle aggregated)

aggregates (present singular third-person)
aggregating (participle present)
aggregated (participle past)
aggregated (past)

From Middle English aggregaten (“to aggregate”), from its earlier borrowed past participle aggregat(e) + -en (verb-forming suffix), from Latin aggregātus, see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.

inh

/ˈæɡ.ɹɪ.ɡət/

/ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌɡeɪt/

There are ten loads, aggregating five hundred bushels.

(transitive) To amount in the aggregate to.

bedragen Zijn inkomen bedraagt 100.000 €


panda

→ Malay: panda

→ Japanese: パンダ (panda)

→ Korean: 판다 (panda)

→ Tagalog: panda

→ Thai: แพนด้า (pɛn-dâa)

Borrowed from French panda, of unclear ultimate origin but probably from the second element of nigálya-pónya, a local name for the red panda recorded in Nepal and Sikkim by Brian Houghton Hodgson (1800 or 1801 – 1894), an ethnologist, naturalist and the British Resident of Nepal, possibly from Nepali निँगाले (nĩgāle, “relating to a certain species of bamboo”) (the adjectival form of निँगालो (nĩgālo), a variant of निङालो (niṅālo, “Drepanostachyum intermedium, a species of bamboo”)) + a regional Tibetan name for the animal (compare regional Tibetan ཕོ་ཉ (pho nya, “messenger”)).
Attributive uses of sense 2 (“giant panda”) generally refer to that animal’s distinctive black and white coat colour.

der

Before the confrontation, the youth sighted a police personnel carrier, two dog patrol vans, a motorway style car, at least two pandas and one unmarked police car.

1975, Darcus Howe, editor, Race Today, London: Race Today Collective, →OCLC, page 279:

(British, law enforcement, colloquial) Ellipsis of panda car (“a black-and-white police car”).


process

→ Japanese: プロセス (purosesu)

From Middle English proces, from Old French procés (“journey”), from Latin prōcessus (“course, progression”), nominalization of prōcēdō (“proceed, advance”).

This product of last month's quality standards committee is quite good, even though the process was flawed.

But they came up against an impressive force in Bayern, who extended their run to 10 wins on the trot, having scored 28 goals in the process and conceding none.

2011 September 27, Alistair Magowan, “Bayern Munich 2-0 Man City”, in BBC Sport:

Yet in “Through a Latte, Darkly”, a new study of how Starbucks has largely avoided paying tax in Britain, Edward Kleinbard […] shows that current tax rules make it easy for all sorts of firms to generate what he calls “stateless income”: […] In Starbucks’s case, the firm has in effect turned the process of making an expensive cup of coffee into intellectual property.

2013 June 22, “T time”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 68:

For each of the schemes discussed, there is the four-stage process of planning, funding, delivery and operations, in which the various parties involved might be the lead, a partner or an influencer.

2019 October, John Glover, “Heathrow rail expansion”, in Modern Railways, page 73:

A series of events leading to a result or product.