vituperate

en-verb

vituperate (third-person singular simple present vituperates, present participle vituperating, simple past and past participle vituperated)

vituperates (present singular third-person)
vituperating (participle present)
vituperated (participle past)
vituperated (past)

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
Learned borrowing from Latin vituperātus (“censured; disparaged”), perfect passive participle of vituperō (“to blame, scold, tell off; to censure; to disparage, find fault with”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from vitium (“blemish, defect, flaw, imperfection; crime, misdeed, wrongdoing; fault, error, sin; vice; disease (of plants)”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(d)wi-tyo- (“apart; wrong”), from *dwóh₁ (“two”)) + parō (“to acquire, get, obtain, procure; to arrange, order; to contrive, design; to furnish, provide; to produce; to decide, resolve”) (from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to get, procure; to produce; to bring forward; to bring forth, carry forth; to go through”)).

der

They loue not porke, nor ſwynes fleſh, but doth vituperate and abhore it, yet for all this, they will eate Adders, which is a kind of Serpentes, as well as any other Chriſtyan man dwelling in Roome, and other highe countreys, for Adders fleſhe there, is called fyſhe of the mountayne, this notwithſtanding Phiſicke doeth approbate adders fleſh good to be eaten, […]

1576, Andrewe Boord [i.e., Andrew Boorde], “Treateth of Fleshe, of Wylde, and Tame Beastes. [Porke, Brawne, Bacon, Pygge.]”, in Here Followeth a Compendious Regiment, or Dietarie of Health. […], London: […] H. Jackson, →OCLC:

[M]y beſt Lady, you knovv, and many better men then he have told you, that I am ſo far from vvronging you vvith a falſhood, that I have maintained your honor vvith the hazzard of my life againſt any that ever durſt vituperate you; […]

1652, S. S[heppard], “Amorous Letters. [A Gentleman Being Calumniated to a Lady (whom Perhaps He Affects) of Detracting from Her Honour, thus Vindicates Himself by Letter.]”, in The Secretaries Studie; Containing New Familiar Epistles. […], London: […] T. H. for John Harrison […], →OCLC, page 51:

[T]he Rites of conſecrating, or crovvning Kings, and taking Oath of them to perform the Lavvs of their Government, and to maintain the Rites of Holy Church, […] is no lame and lazy Ceremony, made up onely of extern pomp, but of neceſſary and renovvned conſequence; vvhich thoſe that vituperate are Children, and thoſe that vvould overthrovv are Devils; becauſe therein accuſers of antient Piety and Prudence, and enemies to Mankind, vvho generally have the Prieſthood in higheſt honour.

1663, Edward Waterhous[e], chapter I, in Fortescutus Illustratus; or A Commentary on that Nervous Treatise De Laudibus Legum Angliæ, Written by Sir John Fortescue Knight, […], London: […] Tho[mas] Roycroft for Thomas Dicas […], →OCLC, page 33:

We are not ignorant that it has long obtained as a principle amongst writers and declaimers of a certain class, to poison as much as they can the public mind, not only by representing royalty in this nation as superfluous and ridiculous, but by vituperating, and vilifying, by every false, ridiculous, and scandalous aspersion within the compass of their gross and sterile imaginations, the person, conduct, public and domestic pursuits of our most gracious monarch.

1795 October 31 – November 15, “Observations on the Insults Offered to the Person of His Majesty, in His Way to and Return from the House of Lords”, in The Register of the Times, or, Political Museum: […], volume VII, London: […] C[harles] Whittingham, for B. Crosby, […], →OCLC, page 137, column 1:

['T]is false as hell, and thou vituperatest thine own sex in saying so, lady. Wert thou the daughter of a king, instead of a proud Popish Knight, I would say so to thy face.

1832 April 4, “From an Unpublished Romance of the Seventeenth Century. An Interview.—Its Consequences.”, in The Day, a Morning Journal of Literature, Fine Arts, Fashion, &c., number 81, Glasgow: R. & J. Finlay, […], →OCLC, page 321:

Bear witness all ye, that Nicolas Salomen vituperateth our goodly fellowship; for this must he needs swallow another goblet.

1835, chapter IV, in Blackbeard. A Page from the Colonial History of Philadelphia. […], volume I, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 39:

[Giacomo] Leopardi was not mistaken as to the profound defects and disorders of nature. He vituperates nature in many a bitter satirical passage.

1882 July, W. L. Watkinson, “An Italian Pessimist”, in Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine, volume VI (6th Series), London: Wesleyan-Methodist Book-Room, […], →OCLC, page 503, column 1:

Thy evil-speaking tongue shall yet cry aloud for pity from the royal lady whom thou now vituperatest. Go to; thou art an unworthy traitor, and shouldst be hanged.

1896, J[ames] E[dward] Muddock, “In the Serpent’s Coils”, in Basile the Jester: A Romance of the Days of Mary Queen of Scots, London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC, page 253:

Mr. Cooke at once began a tirade against the residents of Asquith for permitting a sandy and generally disgraceful condition of the roads. So roundly did he vituperate the inn management in particular, and with such a loud flow of words, that I trembled lest he should be heard on the veranda.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 48:

Women remained the central target of restrictions and condemnations. But as the fifteenth century progressed, the giovani, guilty of the same excesses, were vituperated in their turn. Even in the early fourteenth century, regulations took note of luxurious male clothes. Any man past the age of ten was not supposed to wear velvet or silks woven with gold or silver.

1997, Elisabeth Crouzet-Pavan, “A Flower of Evil: Young Men in Medieval Italy”, in Camille Naish, transl., edited by Giovanni Levi and Jean-Claude Schmitt, A History of Young People in the West (Ancient and Medieval Rites of Passage), volume 1, Cambridge, Mass., London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 185:

To criticize (someone or something) in an abusive or harsh manner.

ругая

to criticize (someone or something) in an abusive or harsh manner

A bane to merit, he exerts himſelf to the deſtruction of every valuable virtue in literature, or in life: his pen is ne'er employed but in the abuſing and vituperating the innocent and meritorious; and like a voracious flie, he leaves and diſregards every accompliſhment, to fix upon the only ſore.

1773, J. R., “An Essay on Envy”, in I[saac] Thompson, editor, The Literary Register: Or, Weekly Miscellany. […], volume V, Newcastle, Northumberland: […] Compilers of that news-paper, →OCLC, page 373, column 1:

[…] I learn that I have enemies, who, not content to hate, are sedulous to vituperate me.

1797 April 16, J[ohn] S[key] Eustace, “General Eustace to Mr. J. W. Ebervelt, of the West-India Colonial Committee, at the Hague”, in Letters on the Emancipation & Preservation of the United Provinces, to John De Witt, Esquire; with Lessons of Humanity, Addressed to Nicholas Van Staphorst: Written from Basil, in the Year 1794, Rotterdam: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 96:

The yeomen separated the incensed priests, who continued to raise their voices, vituperating each other in bad Latin, which the Prior delivered the more fluently, and the Hermit with the greater vehemence.

1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter III, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 86:

[T]he Senator from Rhode Island, in charge of the bill, had been denounced and vituperated, and had shown remarkable patience in enduring these repeated insults; […]

1909 May 14, [Hernando] Money, “Senate Resolution 44. Resolved, That the President be Requested to Transmit to the Senate All Information Collected by the Department of Commerce and Labor Affecting the Prices of Tobacco and the Operations of Corporations and Others Dealing in the Same.”, in Congressional Record: Containing the Proceedings and Debates of the Sixty-first Congress, First Session, also Special Session of the Senate (United States Senate), volume XLIV, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2045, column 1:

To attack (someone or something) with abusive language; to revile, to vilify.

хуля

to attack (someone or something) with abusive language — see also revile, vilify


vituperate

en-adj

vituperate (comparative more vituperate, superlative most vituperate)

more vituperate (comparative)
most vituperate (superlative)

Learned borrowing from Latin vituperātus (“censured; disparaged”), see Etymology 1 and -ate (adjective-forming suffix) for more.

The glorification of women as mothers informed the propaganda of the Nazi years but social reality told a different story. In 1933, a vituperate campaign against 'double earners' forced married women, whose husbands were employed, out of the labour market.

1998, Eva Kolinsky, “Non-German Minorities, Women and Civil Society”, in Eva Kolinsky, Wilfried van der Will, editors, The Cambridge Companion to Modern German Culture, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, published 2004, →ISBN, page 124:

Faced with a vituperate Serbian nationalism and the despotic actions of Slobodan Milošević, who took power in the late 1980s, Slovenia and Croatia seceded from federal Yugoslavia in June 1991[…].

2019, Keith Doubt, Adnan Tufekčić, “Introduction”, in Ethnic and National Identity in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Kinship and Solidarity in a Polyethnic Society, Lanham, Md., Boulder, Colo.: Lexington Books, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 4:

At the same time, a broadsheet entitled Memoirs of the Political Life of Robert Alexander and others was published anonymously but was evidently written by Borthwick because he sent a copy to Henry Cockburn. It was a vituperate attack on Alexander, accusing him of being a ne'er-do-well fraudster.

2019, Michael Moss, “The Field of Auchtertool – A Moral Waterloo?”, in The Duel between Sir Alexander Boswell and James Stuart: Scottish Squibs and Pistols at Dawn, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, →ISBN, page 150:

Of, characterized by, or relating to abusive or harsh criticism.

These, and many more that might be adduced, are instances of the obscure though not absolutely impervious medium through which the present age views ancient history; and at the head of these illusions, is the great illusion of all, on wealth and poverty. Wealth was to be discreditable, unmanly, vituperate, because it was found greatly to indispose men to be active thieves. […] This is the sorry explanation, of the ancient theory of heroic poverty.

1832 January, “Art. I.—Introductory Lectures on Political Economy, being Part of a Course Delivered in Easter Term, 1831. By Richard Whatley, […]—London. Fellowes. 1831. 8vo. pp. 238. [book review]”, in The Westminster Review, volume XVI, number XXXI, London: […] [Thomas Curson Hansard] for the proprietors, and published by Robert Heward, […], →OCLC, pages 6–7:

(rare) Which has been abusively or harshly criticized; also, deserving harsh criticism.


Gotham

Salmagundi (periodical)
Washington Irving

“Homestead where goats are kept”, from Old English gāt (“goat”) + hām (“home”).
* (New York City nickname): First used 1807 by Washington Irving in his Salmagundi Papers.

A village and civil parish in Rushcliffe borough, Nottinghamshire, England, associated in folklore with insanity (OS grid ref SK5330).


doof

en-noun

doof (countable and uncountable, plural doofs)

Onomatopoeic, from the sound of a bass drum.

onomatopoeic

Onomatopoeic

Dynamics of play and creativity are a prominent catalyst of social relations at both doofs and raves.

2004, Graham St John, editor, Rave Culture and Religion, page 138:

Similar themes emerged in the ‘doofs’ of Australian rave culture.

2006, Christopher Hugh Partridge, The Re-Enchantment of the West: Alternative Spiritualities, Sacralization, Popular Culture and Occulture, volume 2, page 110:

2007, Australian National University Dept of Pacific and Southeast Asian History, Aboriginal History, Volume 31, page 76,
The bush doof is a unique product of post-rave culture and is particularly suited to the expansive Australian landscape.

(Australia, New Zealand) An outdoor dance party, held in bushland in a remote area or on the outskirts of a city.


stonish

en-adj

stonish (comparative more stonish, superlative most stonish)

more stonish (comparative)
most stonish (superlative)

From Middle English stonish, equivalent to stone + -ish.


nasi

Borrowed from Arabic نَسِيء (nasīʔ, literally “postponement”).

bor

(Islam) The intercalation of a month in the calendar of pre-Islamic Arabia, often considered heretical.


overwork

en-verb

overwork (third-person singular simple present overworks, present participle overworking, simple past and past participle overworked or (archaic) overwrought)

overworks (present singular third-person)
overworking (participle present)
overworked (participle past)
overworked (past)
overwrought (archaic participle past)
overwrought (archaic past)

/ˌəʊvəˈwɜːk/

From Middle English overwerken, possibly from Old English oferwyrċan (“to overwork, overlay”), equivalent to over- + work. Cognate with Dutch overwerken (“to overwork”).

der

My days with toil are overwrought.

1874, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Aigalades:

(transitive) To fill too full of work; to crowd with labour.


bathed

en-adj

bathed (comparative more bathed, superlative most bathed)

more bathed (comparative)
most bathed (superlative)


confederate

confederate (comparative more confederate, superlative most confederate)

more confederate (comparative)
most confederate (superlative)
confœderate (alternative)

First attested in 1387, in Middle english; inherited from Middle English confederat(e) (“confederated, allied, associated in a plot; united or bound, as in friendship or troth”), borrowed from Late Latin cōnfoederātus perfect passive participle of cōnfoederō, see -ate (adjective-forming suffix) and -ate (noun-forming suffix). Regular participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English. By surface analysis, con- + federate.

inh+

All the swords / In Italy, and her confederate arms, / Could not have made this peace.

c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:

Hour after hour, remote from the world's throng,
Work, contest, fame, all life's confederate pleas

(Can we date this quote?), Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Youth's Antiphony, lines 11-12:


Evelyn

Medieval English form of the Old French female name Aveline, diminutive of the Germanic root *avi-, of uncertain meaning, possibly “desired, wished for“ (compare Latin aveo (“to wish for”)), or aval “strength”. By folk etymology the name Eve is seen as a diminutive of the female given name. Doublet of Eileen. Also compare Ava.

Beautiful Evelyn Hope is dead! / Sit and watch by her side an hour.

"I don't wear flowers," Evelyn Lilith said, and tossed the unwanted chain into the air, spearing it before it fell with a pellet from her unerring Daisy air-pistol. Destroying flowers with a Daisy, she served notice that she was not to be manacled, not even by a necklace: she was our capricious, whirligig Lill-of-the-Hill. And also Eve. The Adam's-apple of my eye.

1980, Salman Rushdie, Midnight's Children, Alfred A.Knopf, published 1981, →ISBN, page 179:

A female given name from the Germanic languages.

Evelyn Waugh

A male given name transferred from the surname.


tarrier

The Roman Catholic slang variation is possibly derived from Saint Erasmus being labeled as a "tarrier of time" before torture and execution for his beliefs.

Wouldnae even offer Jock Stein – your greatest ever manager – a seat on the board 'cause he wasnae a Tarrier.

2011, Christopher Brookmyre, The Sacred Art of Stealing:

It was the Irish “tarriers” working on the railroad that provided the context for the folk ballad that began […]

2015, Peter I. Rose, They and We, page 47:

(slang, derogatory, UK) A Roman Catholic of Northern Ireland or Scotland.


overprint

/ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌpɹɪnt/

/ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈpɹɪnt/

Although we do not exclude that some of the observed Moodies laminae were originally microbial mats, the mineral assemblage of the studied anastomosing and wavy laminae (i.e., mainly sericite associated with Ti oxide and rare carbonaceous material) shows a substantial metamorphic overprint, implying that similar laminae cannot be unambiguously associated with the concept of a flourishing Paleoarchean microbial life at 3.22 Ga.

2021 August, Masafumi Saitoh, Nicolas Olivier, Marion Gar on, Maud Boyet, Christophe Thomazo, Julien Alleon, Jean-François Moyen, Vincent Motto-Ros, Johanna Marin-Carbonne, “Metamorphic origin of anastomosing and wavy laminas overprinting putative microbial deposits from the 3.22 Ga Moodies Group (Barberton Greenstone Belt)”, in Precambrian Research, volume 362, Elsevier BV, →DOI, archived from the original on 2024-06-04, page 106306:

This is the first report from the Alps of eclogite-facies rocks of supposed Alpine age showing a granulite-facies metamorphic overprint, which is, in contrast, well documented in the Variscan belt.

2018 January, Simone Tumiati, Stefano Zanchetta, Luca Pellegrino, Claudia Ferrario, Stefano Casartelli, Nadia Malaspina, “Granulite-facies Overprint in Garnet Peridotites and Kyanite Eclogites of Monte Duria (Central Alps, Italy): Clues from Srilankite- and Sapphirine-Bearing Symplectites”, in Journal of Petrology, volume 59, number 1, Oxford University Press (OUP), →DOI, archived from the original on 2023-11-14, pages 115–151:

The metasomatic overprint is represented mainly by enrichments in Na, K, Ba, Ti and LREE and the original source of this fluid remains unknown.

2017 April, Ekaterina S. Kiseeva, Vadim S. Kamenetsky, Gregory M. Yaxley, Simon R. Shee, “Mantle melting versus mantle metasomatism – "The chicken or the egg" dilemma”, in Chemical Geology, volume 455, Elsevier BV, →DOI, archived from the original on 2024-07-12, pages 120–130:

(geology) The set of petrological, structural, and/or mineralogical characteristics superimposed onto rock by the action of geological processes over deep time, by analogy with the original sense of the word.


overprint

en-verb

overprint (third-person singular simple present overprints, present participle overprinting, simple past and past participle overprinted)

overprints (present singular third-person)
overprinting (participle present)
overprinted (participle past)
overprinted (past)

/ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌpɹɪnt/

/ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈpɹɪnt/

The unpopular comic book was overprinted, leaving many retailers with dozens of unsaleable copies.

(transitive) To print too many copies of.

Furthermore, these rocks are overprinted by seafloor weathering, which provides a challenge to reconstructing serpentinization processes.

2024 August, C. Johan Lissenberg, Andrew M. McCaig, Susan Q. Lang, Peter Blum, Natsue Abe, William J. Brazelton, Rémi Coltat, Jeremy R. Deans, Kristin L. Dickerson, Marguerite Godard, Barbara E. John, Frieder Klein, Rebecca Kuehn, Kuan-Yu Lin, Haiyang Liu, Ethan L. Lopes, Toshio Nozaka, Andrew J. Parsons, Vamdev Pathak, Mark K. Reagan, Jordyn A. Robare, Ivan P. Savov, Esther M. Schwarzenbach, Olivier J. Sissmann, Gordon Southam, Fengping Wang, C. Geoffrey Wheat, Lesley Anderson, Sarah Treadwell, “A long section of serpentinized depleted mantle peridotite”, in Science, volume 385, number 6709, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), →DOI, pages 623–629:

Dominantly dextral shearing in the Chester zone occurred during post-Acadian plate adjustments around ca. 380 Ma (Ghanem et al. 2016), coeval with initial activity along the Norumbega fault system to the southeast and the shear fabrics overprint rocks on both upper and lower plates of the original thrust.

2017 March, Allan Ludman, John T. Hopeck, Henry N. Berry IV, “Provenance and paleogeography of post-Middle Ordovician, pre-Devonian sedimentary basins on the Gander composite terrane, eastern and east-central Maine: implications for Silurian tectonics in the northern Appalachians”, in Atlantic Geology, volume 53, University of New Brunswick Libraries - UNB, →DOI, archived from the original on 2024-02-25, pages 063–085:

Although deformation overprints volcanic construction, several structural patterns are considered to be inherited from the pre-existing volcanic architecture.

2012 September, W.U. Mueller, R. Friedman, R. Daigneault, L. Moore, J. Mortensen, “Timing and characteristics of the Archean subaqueous Blake River Megacaldera Complex, Abitibi greenstone belt, Canada”, in Precambrian Research, volumes 214–215, Elsevier BV, →DOI, archived from the original on 2024-04-26, pages 1–27:

(geology) To superimpose a new set of petrological, structural, and/or mineralogical characteristics onto rock by the action of geological processes over deep time, by analogy with the original sense of the word.


disuse

disuse (third-person singular simple present disuses, present participle disusing, simple past and past participle disused)

disuses (present singular third-person)
disusing (participle present)
disused (participle past)
disused (past)

From Old French desuser, equivalent to dis- + use.

He was disused to hard work.

Whether a rotten state, and hope of gaine,
Or to disuse mee from the queasie paine
Of being belov'd, and loving, or the thirst
Of honour, or faire death, out pusht mee first,
I lose my end: for here as well as I
A desperate may live, and a coward die.

1597, John Donne, The Calm, lines 39–44:


reverberate

reverberate (third-person singular simple present reverberates, present participle reverberating, simple past and past participle reverberated)

reverberates (present singular third-person)
reverberating (participle present)
reverberated (participle past)
reverberated (past)
reverberate (infinitive)
reverberate (first-person present singular)
reverberated (first-person past singular)
reverberate (present second-person singular)
reverberatest (archaic present second-person singular)
reverberated (past second-person singular)
reverberatedst (archaic past second-person singular)
reverberates (present singular third-person)
reverberateth (archaic present singular third-person)
reverberated (past singular third-person)
reverberate (plural present)
reverberated (past plural)
reverberate (present subjunctive)
reverberated (past subjunctive)
reverberate (imperative present)
reverberating (participle present)
reverberated (participle past)

/ɹɪˈvɜːbəˌɹeɪt/

/ɹəˈvɜɹbəˌɹeɪt/

Borrowed from Latin reverberātus, perfect passive participle of reverberō (“to rebound; to reflect; to repel”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), whence Middle French reverberer (French réverbérer) and Middle English reverberen (“to send back”)), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again’) and verberō (“to beat; to lash, whip”) (from verber (“rod; lash, whip”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *werbʰ-) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs)).

kuumentaa heijastuslämmöllä

(transitive) to heat (something) by deflecting flames on to, or passing flames over, it; (intransitive) of a thing: to be heated by having flames, hot gases, etc., deflected or passed over it

Flame is reverberated in a furnace.

Followed by on (to): to deflect or divert (flames, heat, etc.) on to something.

heijastaa

This Revievv is in the firſt place entituled, An Eccho from the Sixth Trumpet; becauſe, it alluſively reverberateth, and Ecchoes, as it vvere, to vvhat vvas predicted ſhould come to paſs betvveen the ſounding of the Sixth and Seventh Trumpet [referred to in the Book of Revelation.]

1669, George Wither, “A Preface to the Following Review, Offering somewhat therewith Considerable”, in Fragmenta Prophetica. Or, The Remains of George Wither, Esq; […], London: Printed, and are to be sold at Temple-Barr, and in Bishops-gate-street, →OCLC, signature B, verso:

The depths of its old forest reverberated to the echoing thunder, and many a stately tree stood scorched and blackening, to whose withered boughs spring would now return in vain.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 239:

After a time, the whole fraternity [of rooks] would be in a flutter; some balancing and swinging on the tree tops, others perched on the pinnacles of the Abbey church, or wheeling and hovering about in the air, and the ruined walls would reverberate with their incessant cawings.

1835, [Washington Irving], “[Newstead Abbey.] The Rook Cell.”, in Abbotsford and Newstead Abbey (The Crayon Miscellany; no. 2), Philadelphia, Pa.: [Henry Charles] Carey, [Isaac] Lea, & Blanchard, →OCLC, page 196:

Chiefly followed by to or with: of a place or thing: to ring or vibrate with many echoing sounds; to re-echo, to resound.

Often followed by from: of heat or (less commonly) light: to be (repeatedly) reflected.

[S]he made all that one could tell her, all that one could describe, all that one could quote from a foreign author, reverberate, as it were, à plusieurs reprises [repeatedly], to one's own feelings, by the manifest impression it made upon hers.

1839 January, February, April, Thomas De Quincey, “William Wordsworth”, in Autobiographic Sketches: With Recollections of the Lakes (De Quincey’s Works; II), London: James Hogg & Sons, →OCLC, page 244:

Followed by on or upon, or to: of a thing: to return and affect a person, their feelings, etc.; to recoil.

A beam of light shone into the interior of a mirrored sphere would reverberate in itself.

(rare) Followed by in and a reflexive pronoun: of a thing: to turn back on itself.


exanimate

en-adj

exanimate (comparative more exanimate, superlative most exanimate)

more exanimate (comparative)
most exanimate (superlative)

/ɪɡˈzænɪmɪt/

From Latin exanimātus, perfect passive participle of exanimō (see ex-, -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from Latin ex- + animō, from anima (“soul, spirit, breath”); see anima. The verb derives from the adjective, see -ate (verb-forming suffix).

carckasses exanimate

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 7:

Lifeless, not or no longer living, dead.

Pale […] wretch, exanimate by love.

a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC:

Spiritless, dispirited, disheartened, not lively.

վհատ

spiritless, dispirited, disheartened, not lively


exanimate

en-verb

exanimate (third-person singular simple present exanimates, present participle exanimating, simple past and past participle exanimated)

exanimates (present singular third-person)
exanimating (participle present)
exanimated (participle past)
exanimated (past)

(obsolete, transitive) To deprive of animation or of life.


furrier

From Middle English forreour, from Old French forrier, forrour, feureur. See foray.

The Furriers sent before, to divide the Quarters.

1637, Robert Monro, chapter 1, in Monro, His Expedition with the Worthy Scots Regiment (called Mac-Keyes-regiment) Levied in August 1626, page 33:

(historical, British) A person who secures accommodation for an army.


comber

From Middle English comber, camber, equivalent to comb + -er.

The mighty combers crashed down with long echoing reverberations like the roar of great cannons, followed by the ominous swish of broken water rushing across the reef in mad clouds of foam and spray.

1929, Robert Dean Frisbee, The Book of Puka-Puka, Eland, published 2019, page 118:

A long, curving wave breaking on the shore.


comber

Serranus cabrilla, the gaper, a fish found in European waters.

comber wrasse

comb wrasse, Labrus bergylta, syn. Labrus comber


irradiate

irradiate (third-person singular simple present irradiates, present participle irradiating, simple past and past participle irradiated)

irradiates (present singular third-person)
irradiating (participle present)
irradiated (participle past)
irradiated (past)
irradiate (infinitive)
irradiate (first-person present singular)
irradiated (first-person past singular)
irradiate (present second-person singular)
irradiatest (archaic present second-person singular)
irradiated (past second-person singular)
irradiatedst (archaic past second-person singular)
irradiates (present singular third-person)
irradiateth (archaic present singular third-person)
irradiated (past singular third-person)
irradiate (plural present)
irradiated (past plural)
irradiate (present subjunctive)
irradiated (past subjunctive)
irradiate (imperative present)
irradiating (participle present)
irradiated (participle past)

/ɪˈɹeɪdɪeɪt/

From Middle English irradiate (“illuminated, shining”) (more at etymology 1), see -ate (verb-forming suffix).

облъчвам

to apply radiation other than visible light to (someone or something); to treat (food) with ionizing radiation to destroy pathogens; to treat (a patient, or a cancerous growth or tumour) with radiation

(intransitive, often literary or poetic)

Often followed by on or upon: to emit rays of light; to shine.


Albany

Albany (disambiguation)
Albany, Georgia
Albany, South Africa

Named in honor of Albany, the capital city of New York state

Dougherty County
Dougherty County#English

A sizable city, the county seat of Dougherty County, Georgia, United States (76,939 during the 2000 census).

unincorporated community
unincorporated community

Any of numerous minor American communities and towns:

An unincorporated community in Ray County, Missouri.

Shackelford County
Shackelford County#English

A city, the county seat of Shackelford County, Texas, United States. Named after Albany, Georgia.

A city in Alameda County, California, United States.


forethought

en-noun

forethought (countable and uncountable, plural forethoughts)

/ˈfɔː(ɹ)θɔːt/

/fɔː(ɹ)ˈθɔːt/

From Middle English forethouht, forethoght, from Old English *foreþōht (“forethought”); equivalent to fore- + thought. See also forethink.

With a little forethought we'd have planned for this contingency and not been stuck here now.

Thinking beforehand or in advance, planning; prior or previous consideration; premeditation.


forethought

/ˈfɔː(ɹ)θɔːt/

/fɔː(ɹ)ˈθɔːt/

c. 1613–1621, Francis Bacon, The judicial charge upon the commission of Oyer and Terminer held for the verge of the Court
Forethought malice.


inlay

(dentistry) A filling for a tooth, made of ceramic or gold to fit the cavity and shape of tooth and cemented into place.


prospect

From Latin prospectus, past participle of prospicere (“to look forward”), from pro (“before, forward”) + specere, spicere (“to look, to see”), equivalent to pro- + -spect. Doublet of prospectus.

As when a Scout[…]Obtains the brow of ſome high-climbing Hill, / Which to his eye diſcovers unaware / The goodly proſpect of ſome forein land / Firſt-ſeen, or ſome renownd Metropolis / With gliſtering Spires and Pinnacles adornd, / Which now the Riſing Sun guilds with his beams.

1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 543–552:

The region which the eye overlooks at one time; view; scene; outlook.


comfit

From Old French confit (“preserved fruit”), from Latin cōnfectum. Doublet of confect, confetto, confit, and konfyt.

doublet

Heart! you swear like a comfit-maker's wife.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

"Why, what are they?" she asked, looking at him askance. ¶ "Hashish; did you never hear of it?" ¶ "Oh, yes; it's that Indian stuff which brings one fantastic visions, isn't it? I've always wanted to see and taste it, and now I will," cried Belle, nibbling at one of the bean-shaped comfits with its green heart.

But since I ate your present of comfits—and they were admirable comfits, and I ate them with speed—my heart is changed and inclined toward you, I know not why or how, except it be through magic.

1922, James Elroy Flecker, The Story of Hassan of Baghdad and How he Came to Make the Golden Journey to Samarkand, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, act I, page 17:

A confection consisting of a nut, seed or fruit coated with sugar.


comfit

en-verb

comfit (third-person singular simple present comfits, present participle comfiting, simple past and past participle comfited)

comfits (present singular third-person)
comfiting (participle present)
comfited (participle past)
comfited (past)

17th c, Abraham Cowley, The First Nemeæan Ode of Pindar: The Muse, 1795, Robert Anderson (editor), The Works of the British Poets, Volume 5, page 302,
The fruit which does ſo quickly waſte, // Men ſcarce can ſee it, much leſs taſte, // Thou comfiteſt in ſweets to make it laſt.

(transitive, obsolete) To make into a dry sugared confection.


comfit

Acronym, from Computer Facial Identification Techniques.

A black and white comfit of a man with a chin shaped like a spade, doorstop for a nose..

(Australia) A computerised image of a suspect produced for the police force.


recitative

From Italian recitativo, from recitare, from Latin recitō.

In Gilbert and Sullivan's Patience, Bunthorne performs the recitative "Am I Alone and Unobserved?" before going on to his solo aria "If You're Anxious For To Shine".

(music) dialogue, in an opera etc, that, rather than being sung as an aria, is reproduced with the rhythms of normal speech, often with simple musical accompaniment or harpsichord continuo, serving to expound the plot.


Pauline

(Christianity) Of or relating to the Apostle Paul, his writings, his doctrines, and the form of Christianity that arose from them.

paulí

of or relating to the Apostle Paul and his doctrines


worsted

en-noun

worsted (countable and uncountable, plural worsteds)

Inherited from Middle English worstede, worsted, from Worstede (now Worstead; Old English *Wurϸestede), a town in Norfolk, England.

[...] the undertaker’s wife opened a side door, and pushed Oliver down a steep flight of stairs into a stone cell, damp and dark: forming the ante-room to the coal-cellar, and denominated ‘kitchen’; wherein sat a slatternly girl, in shoes down at heel, and blue worsted stockings very much out of repair.

1838, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], chapter 4, in Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC:

He had tied a bit of white worsted round his neck -- Why? Where did he get it? Was it a badge -- an ornament -- a charm -- a propitiatory act? Was there any idea at all connected with it?

1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I:

When Flemish weavers settled in East Anglia during the Middle Ages they introduced a technique to the wool trade which produced a cloth of fine fibres and closely twisted yarn. Worstead became the centre for the manufacture of this new material, which came to be known as worsted - after the village.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 414, about Worstead:

The cognitive dissonance is plain to see on the faces of recruiters who pretend clothing is no big deal, but are clearly disappointed if you show up to a job interview in a dark worsted business suit.

2024 July 20, Derek Guy, “What is ‘mogul style’? Why billionaire bland has had its day”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

The fine, smooth fabric made from such wool yarn.


retake

a scene that is filmed again, or a picture that is photographed again


slaver

From slave (“enslave, traffic in slaves”) + -er.

af

A person engaged in the slave trade; a person who buys, sells, transports, or owns slaves.

A white slaver; a person who sells prostitutes into sexual slavery.


striate

en-adj

striate (comparative more striate, superlative most striate)

more striate (comparative)
most striate (superlative)

From Latin striatum, past participle of strio (“to groove”).

(anatomy) Relating to the striate cortex of the brain


envied

envied (comparative more envied, superlative most envied)

more envied (comparative)
most envied (superlative)
envyed (alternative)

She, seated between her aunt and Mr. Civil (now retired from the ministry on a pension), listening to the wind (for it was autumn) howling vengefully round the porch; while this envied, bedight girl eating her manifold chocolate gifts, would merrily go forth to further triumphs, laughing at the clown, so philosophically funny, despite the cruel ringmaster's whip cuts.

1907, Barbara Baynton, edited by Sally Krimmer and Alan Lawson, Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 185:


complot

Borrowed from Middle French complot (“crowd-, plot”).

LOR. Now to confirme the complot thou hast cast
Of all these practices, Ile spread the watch,
Vpon precise commandement from the king
Strongly to guard the place where Pedringano
This night shall murder haples Serberine.

c. 1582-1592, Thomas Kyd, The Spanish Tragedie, Act 3, Scene 2:

AARON: […] / For I must talk of murders, rapes, and massacres,
Acts of black night, abominable deeds,
Complots of mischief, treason, villainies,
Ruthful to hear, yet piteously perform'd: / […]

c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

The young advertising agent stood against the fence in silent horror, his heart bumping heavily. His hands were clammy, his feet seemed to have grown larger and taken root. What damnable complot was this?

1919, Christopher Morley, The Haunted Bookshop, New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers, →OCLC, page 164:

(archaic) A plot (involving more than one person), conspiracy


els

Now if ye felt your belly in ſuche caſe, that ye muſt be fayne al daye to tende it with warme clothes, oꝛ els ye were not able to abide the payne, would ye recken your belly ſicke oꝛ whole? I wene ye would recken your belly not in good quart.

c. 1522 (date written), Thomas More, “A Treatyce (Vnfynyshed) vppon These Wordes of Holye Scrypture, Memorare Nouissima, & Ineternum non Peccabis, Remember the Last Thynges, and Thou shalt Neuer Synne. […]”, in Wyllyam Rastell [i.e., William Rastell], editor, The Workes of Sir Thomas More Knyght, […], London: […] Iohn Cawod, Iohn Waly, and Richarde Tottell, published 30 April 1557, →OCLC, book I, page 80, column 1:

We have a custome, that when one sneezes, every one els putts off his hatt, and bowes, and cries God bless ye Sir.

c. 1691, John Aubrey, Naturall Historie of Wiltshire:


darkling

Coined by Irish poet Mary Tighe in 1805, likely as an extension of the adverbial sense, and popularized by John Keats.

She still pursued its flight, with all the speed / Her fainting strength had hitherto supplied: / What pathless wilds she crossed ! What forests darkling wide !

1805, Mary Tighe, Canto III, in Psyche, or the legend of love, Stanza 13, line 9:

May thine autumn calm, serene, / Never want some lingering flower, / Which Affection's hand may glean, / Though the darkling mists may lower !

1812, Mary Tighe, Written for her niece S.K., in B. George Ulizio, editor, Psyche: with other poems, Stanza 4:

And we are here as on a darkling plain
Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight,
Where ignorant armies clash by night

The air is cool and it’s darkling, / And calmly flows the Rhine; / The mountain tops are sparkling / In sunset’s parting shrine.

1876, Heinrich Heine, translated by Thomas Selby Egan, Atta Troll and Other Poems, London: Chapman and Hall, […], page 165:

To us and to an observer about Ripley it would have had precisely the same effect the Martians seemed in solitary possession of the darkling night, lit only as it was by the slender moon, the stars, the after-glow of the daylight[.]

1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 140:

(figurative) Obscure; taking place unseen, as if in the dark.


darkling

(obsolete) A child of darkness; someone dark by nature or who has grown dark in character.

(fantasy) A creature that lives in the dark.


Ys

(mythology) A mythical sunken city in Brittany, France.


overarm

/ˈəʊvəɹˌɑː(ɹ)m/

/ˌəʊvəɹˈɑː(ɹ)m/

In cricket, one must only bowl overarm.

Having the hand above the arm at the time of throwing


noo

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

Pronunciation spelling of new, representing dialects with yod-dropping.


hark back

en-verb

hark back (third-person singular simple present harks back, present participle harking back, simple past and past participle harked back)

harks back (present singular third-person)
harking back (participle present)
harked back (participle past)
harked back (past)

From hark (“to listen attentively”) + back (“to or in a previous condition or place”, adverb), originally a hunting command to hounds meaning “Listen! Go back!”.

(hunting) Of hounds: to retrace a course in order to pick up the lost scent of prey.

hakea jälki uudelleen

of hounds: to retrace a course in order to pick up the lost scent of prey

Mr. Flemyng, who had been assuaging his thirst with more champagne during the afternoon, had harked back to the subject of his morning's discourse, and was laying down an authoritative scheme of ethics, in the course of which sundry hard words, such as transcendentalism, pseudo-materialism and the like, lost a syllable here and there.

1881, W[illiam] E[dward] Norris, “A Racecourse and a Cathedral”, in Matrimony. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], →OCLC, pages 76–77:

Harking back to the theme of a series of speeches he [George W. Bush] delivered last week, he said he was reminded that "there's still an enemy out there that would like to inflict the same kind of damage again."

2006 September 11, Sheryl Gay Stolberg, “Bush Mourns 9/11 at Ground Zero as N.Y. Remembers”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-12-22:

(figuratively) To allude, return, or revert (to a subject previously mentioned, etc.); also, to evoke, or long or pine for (a past era or event).

palata

to allude, return, or revert to (a subject previously mentioned, etc.); to evoke, or long or pine for (a past era or event)

(transitive, hunting) To call back (hounds); to recall.


hark back

hark backs (plural)
hark-back (alternative)

(hunting) An act of hounds retracing a course in order to pick up the lost scent of prey.

(figuratively) An act of alluding, returning, or reverting (to a subject previously mentioned, etc.); also, an act of evoking, or longing or pining for (a past era or event).


yem

Borrowed from Vietnamese yếm, from Proto-Vietic *ʔiɛmʔ (“breastplate”), from Old Chinese 裺 (/*qromʔ/, /*qoms/, “bib worn by infants”).

der

(clothing) A Vietnamese bodice with a halterneck and a V-shaped bottom worn by women on the torso, originally as an underbodice and now also as an outer garment.

肚兜

Vietnamese bodice with a halterneck and V-shaped bottom


kye

[…] wrapped in layers of warm clothing against rushing icy air, and all longing for bubbling hot kye (Navy cocoa) at midnight.

2009, John Roberts, Safeguarding the Nation: The Story of the Modern Royal Navy:

Then he walked back to the wheelhouse. Guido arrived with three cups of kye and a plate of hot buttered toast.

2013, David Arnold, Hursey in Conflict: A Story of Love and Victory, page 73:


interspace

Borrowed from Latin interspatium. By surface analysis, inter- + space.

It is the object of the mechanical atomistic philosophy to confound synthesis with synartesis, or rather with mere juxtaposition of corpuscles separated by invisible interspaces.

1818 [1809–10], Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Friend, footnote; republished as “Essay XIII”, in The Friend: A Series of Essays, London: Bell & Daldy, 1867, page 55:

Tess sat up in bed, lost in a vague interspace between a dream and this information.

1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, volume 1, London: James R. Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., page 49:

In a review of over 1000 interdigital clavuses, 65% were found in the fourth interspace […]

1988, Shepard R. Hurwitz, Foot and Ankle Pain, page 331:

A space or interval between two things; an interstice


interspace

en-verb

interspace (third-person singular simple present interspaces, present participle interspacing, simple past and past participle interspaced)

interspaces (present singular third-person)
interspacing (participle present)
interspaced (participle past)
interspaced (past)

(transitive) To place (things) spaced out between other things.

When such species as European larch, white pine, or black walnut are widely spaced, in order to promote the most rapid growth, it may be advisable to interspace the area with some more tolerant and slower-growing species.

1916, Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, numbers 151-175, page 18:

(transitive) To sow or seed (an area) with things spaced out between other things.


serrate

en-adj

serrate (comparative more serrate, superlative most serrate)

more serrate (comparative)
most serrate (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin serrātus, past participle of serrō.

zubatý

having a row of sharp or tooth-like projections

Many click beetles have serrate antennae.

Having tooth-like projections on one side, as in a saw.


interlock

The demonstrator couldn't figure out why the machine wouldn't work, until he remembered that there was an interlock so it wouldn't operate with the cover open.

Features such as trackless doors, mercury-type door interlocks, roof-mounted door fault indicator lights, rubber window glazing, improved retractable shoegear and a modified electro-pneumatic brake system designed to facilitate maintenance and improve reliability, which have proved their worth on the prototype trains, are continued in the new stock.

1960 February, “The first of London's new Piccadilly Line trains is delivered”, in Trains Illustrated, page 94:

A safety device that prevents activation in unsafe conditions.


limes

Their presence in the late fourth century on the River Main (immediately to the east of the Roman limes) is documented in Roman sources, as are their wars with the Alemanni.

2011, Norman Davies, Vanished Kingdoms, Penguin, published 2012, page 92:

A boundary or border, especially of the Roman Empire.


camas

camases (plural)
camas (plural)
cammas (alternative)
camass (alternative)
quamash (alternative)

Perhaps from Chinook Jargon qamaš, qawaš (“camas”), from Nootka qawaš (“camas”), or perhaps from Nez Perce qém̓es (“camas”).

There were stretches of fine, soft grass on the cliffs and great patches of camass and buttercups.

1942, Emily Carr, “James' Bay and Dallas Road”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:

Any of the North American flowering plants of the genus Camassia.


violist

But those who attack violists shouldn't throw resin. Once the ergonomic viola catches on what instrument will be immune?

1997 August 9, Edward Rothstein, “A Comeback for the Viola. No Joking.”, in The New York Times:

[…] on Sunday four more violinists, a second violist and a harpsichordist were added to give the ripieno sections of the fast movements a heftier punch than the smaller group delivered.

2009 January 20, Allan Kozinn, “Shafts of Sun in Winter From the Italian Baroque”, in The New York Times:


extenuate

en-verb

extenuate (third-person singular simple present extenuates, present participle extenuating, simple past and past participle extenuated)

extenuates (present singular third-person)
extenuating (participle present)
extenuated (participle past)
extenuated (past)
extenuate (infinitive)
extenuate (first-person present singular)
extenuated (first-person past singular)
extenuate (present second-person singular)
extenuatest (archaic present second-person singular)
extenuated (past second-person singular)
extenuatedst (archaic past second-person singular)
extenuates (present singular third-person)
extenuateth (archaic present singular third-person)
extenuated (past singular third-person)
extenuate (plural present)
extenuated (past plural)
extenuate (present subjunctive)
extenuated (past subjunctive)
extenuate (imperative present)
extenuating (participle present)
extenuated (participle past)

From Middle English extenuat (“(medicine) made thin, emaciated”), from Latin extenuātus (“diminished, reduced, thinned”), perfect passive participle of extenuō (“to diminish, reduce, thin”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix)), from ex- (“out-, thoroughly”) + tenuō (“to enfeeble, weaken, wear down; to lessen, reduce; to make thin”) from tenuō, itself from tenuis (“fine, slender, thin; feeble, weak”) + -ō (first conjugation-verb forming suffix) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tenh₂- (“to extend, stretch; thin”)).

der

Arte amplifieth or extenuateth at occaſion: the reſidue is the liberality of the pen, or the poyſon of the inke: […]

1593, Gabriel Harvey, Pierces Supererogation: Or A New Prayse of the Old Asse, London: […] Iohn Wolfe, →OCLC; republished as John Payne Collier, editor, Pierces Supererogation: Or A New Prayse of the Old Asse. A Preparative to Certaine Larger Discourses, Intituled Nashes S. Fame (Miscellaneous Tracts. Temp. Eliz. & Jac. I; no. 8), [London: [s.n.], 1870], →OCLC, page 44:

For you, faire Hermia, looke you arme your ſelfe, / To fit your fancies, to your fathers vvill; / Or elſe, the Lavv of Athens yeelds you vp / (VVhich by no meanes vve may extenuate) / To death, or to a vovve of ſingle life.

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, A Midsommer Nights Dreame. […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Richard Bradock] for Thomas Fisher, […], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

Their Country is vſefull for paſſage into Tartarie and Turcomania, and therefore has endured no ſmall troubles to defend its right. Tis pleaſant and rich, and therefore a bait to allure her Sun-burnt and famiſht Neighbours to extenuate her plentie.

1634, T[homas] H[erbert], “A Description of Alharaff in Hyrcania”, in A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, […], London: […] William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, →OCLC, page 94:

[…] If Kings cannot by Lavv change or extenuate Lavvs once approved vvithout the conſent of the Republike, much leſſe can they make and create nevv Lavvs; […]

1643, William Prynne, “An Appendix: ….”, in The Soveraigne Power of Parliaments and Kingdomes: […], London: […] Michael Sparke Senior, →OCLC, pages 161–162:

To reduce the quality or quantity of (something); to lessen or weaken the force of (something).

[I]t hath beene ordinarie vvith politique men to extenuate and diſable learned men by the names of Pedantes: […]

1605, Francis Bacon, “The First Booke”, in The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the Proficience and Aduancement of Learning, Diuine and Humane, London: […] [Thomas Purfoot and Thomas Creede] for Henrie Tomes, […], →OCLC, folio 8, verso:

Nor can vve extenuate the valour of ancient Martyrs, vvho contemned death in the uncomfortable ſcene of their lives, […]

1658, Thomas Browne, “Hydriotaphia, Urne-buriall. […]. Chapter IV.”, in Hydriotaphia, Urne-buriall, […] Together with The Garden of Cyrus, […], London: […] Hen[ry] Brome […], →OCLC, pages 64–65:

Juſt are thy vvays, / Righteous are thy Decrees on all thy VVorks; / VVho can extenuate thee?

1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 643–645:

To degrade (someone); to detract from (someone's qualities, reputation, etc.); to depreciate, to disparage.


extenuate

en-adj

extenuate (comparative more extenuate, superlative most extenuate)

more extenuate (comparative)
most extenuate (superlative)

From Latin extenuātus (“diminished, reduced, thinned”) (more at etymology 1), see -ate (adjective-forming suffix).

And, that ſame Maieſty, vvhich (as the Baſe / And Pedeſtal) ſupports the vvaight and grace, / Greatnes and glory of a vvell-Rul'd State, / It not extinguiſht nor extenuate, / By being parcelliz'd to a plurality / Of petty Kinglings, of a mean Equality: […]

1608, [Guillaume de Salluste] Du Bartas, “[Du Bartas His Second Weeke, […]. Abraham. […].] The Captaines. The IIII. Part of the III. Day of the II. Week.”, in Josuah Sylvester, transl., Du Bartas His Deuine Weekes and Workes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Humfrey Lownes [and are to be sold by Arthur Iohnson […]], published 1611, →OCLC, page 507:

VVee repreſent Small Sounds as Great and Deepe; Likevviſe Great Sounds, Extenuate and Sharpe; VVee make diuerſe Tremblings and VVarblings of Sounds, vvhich in their Originall are Entire.

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “New Atlantis. A Worke Vnfinished.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC, page 40:

Of a quality or thing: lessened, weakened.


mouthed

round-mouthed

(in combination) Having a specified type of mouth.

Then ſhall our footmen lie within the trench,
And with their Cannons mouth’d like Orcus gulfe
Batter the wales, and we will enter in:
And thus the Grecians ſhalbe conquered.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene i:


lamed

From Hebrew לָמֶד (lamedh), from Proto-Semitic *lamed- (“goad”) (Hebrew מַלְמָד (malmad, “goad”)). Doublet of lambda.

The twelfth letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).


propine

en-verb

propine (third-person singular simple present propines, present participle propining, simple past and past participle propined)

propines (present singular third-person)
propining (participle present)
propined (participle past)
propined (past)

Latin propinō, Ancient Greek προπῑ́νω (propī́nō, “to drink to someone's health”).

der

(by extension) To give in token of friendship.


manes

From Latin manes (“spirits of the dead”).

this was the Ustrina or place of burning their bodies, or some sacrificing place unto the Manes

1658, Sir Thomas Browne, Urne-Burial, Penguin, published 2005, page 9:

Still may the manès of thy children rise
To chase calm slumber from thy wearied eyes;
Still may their voices on the haunted air
In fearful whispers tell thee to despair,

1819, Felicia Hemans, The Wife of Asdrubal, Tales and Historic Scenes, page 171:

At this instant the trappings of his attire caught the glaring eye-balls of a dying yeoman, who exerted his wasting strength to sacrifice one more worthy victim to the manes of his countrymen.

1869, J[ames] Fenimore Cooper, “Moral Tales and Sketches § Battle of Bunker Hill”, in H. A. Cleveland, editor, Golden Sheaves Gathered from the Fields of Ancient and Modern Literature: A Miscellany of Choice Reading for the Entertainment of the Old and the Young in Hours that Are Lonely and Weary, Zeigler, McCurdy & Co., page 24:

The souls or spirits of dead ancestors, conceived as deities or the subjects of reverence, or of other deceased relatives.


segment

From Latin segmentum (“a piece cut off, a strip, segment of the earth, a strip of tinsel”), from secāre (“to cut”).

jaoke

botany: portion of an organ derived from a single cell within the primordium

a segment of an orange; a segment of a compound or divided leaf

The ability of a segment of a glass sphere to magnify whatever is placed before it was known around the year 1000, when the spherical segment was called a reading stone,[…]. Scribes, illuminators, and scholars held such stones directly over manuscript pages as an aid in seeing what was being written, drawn, or read.

2013 September-October, Henry Petroski, “The Evolution of Eyeglasses”, in American Scientist:

One of the parts into which any body naturally separates or is divided; a part divided or cut off; a section; a portion.

дял

one of the parts into which any body naturally separates or is divided; a part divided or cut off

A straight path between two points that is the shortest distance between them; a line segment.

(topology) Any of the pieces that constitute an order tree.

(computing) A region of memory or a fragment of an executable file designated to contain a particular part of a program.

segmentti

computing: region of memory or a fragment of an executable file designated to contain a particular part of a program


predate

en-verb

predate (third-person singular simple present predates, present participle predating, simple past and past participle predated)

predates (present singular third-person)
predating (participle present)
predated (participle past)
predated (past)
pre-date (alternative)

postdate

antonym(s) of “to occur before something else”

To designate a date earlier than the actual one; to move a date, appointment, event, or period of time to an earlier point (contrast "postdate".)


denary

First attested in 1577; from the Latin dēnārius (“containing ten”), from dēnī (“ten each, ten at a time”) + -ārius (whence the English suffix -ary).

Based on the number ten (as ternary is based on number 3)


fondling

A pet or person who is fondled; someone who is much loved.


overuse

/ˌəʊvəˈjuːz/

/ˌəʊvəˈjuːs/

There’s an occasional schmaltziness, aggravated by the overuse of a twangy score, but more than enough moments of genuine heartbreak, joy and suspense to make up for it.

2015 July 5, Mike Hale, “Review: ‘Tough Love’ on PBS Examines Custody Battles With the State”, in The New York Times:


windiness

en-noun

windiness (usually uncountable, plural windinesses)

[I]t conduceth helpe to the crudities, humidities, and vvindineſſe of the ſtomacke and belly, and to helpe the ſhortneſſe of breath and coughes: […]

1640, John Parkinson, “Cyperus dulcis rotundus esculentus, Trasi dulce vocatus. The Most Delicate Sweet Cyperus, or Rush Nut.”, in Theatrum Botanicum: The Theater of Plants. Or, An Herball of a Large Extent: […], London: […] Tho[mas] Cotes, →OCLC, page 148:

The state of being windy; the state of there being wind


windiness

The state of being winding or twisting; twistiness


Des Moines

From the French name of the nearby Rivière des Moines, which superficially means "river of the monks" and has traditionally been interpreted as a reference to the Trappist monks who settled along it. "It is more likely, however, to be a name of Native American origin, recorded in a 1673 text as moinguena", a Miami designation of the Moingona. The precise interpretation is uncertain; see Moingona.

The capital city of Iowa, United States and the county seat of Polk County.

A river in the United States, that flows from southern Minnesota into the Mississippi.


remediate

en-verb

remediate (third-person singular simple present remediates, present participle remediating, simple past and past participle remediated)

remediates (present singular third-person)
remediating (participle present)
remediated (participle past)
remediated (past)

Network Rail's busy Easter included a ten-day closure of the main trans-Pennine route between Manchester and Leeds, for work to install a new bridge deck at Huddersfield, remediate mining works at Ravensthorpe and Huddersfield, and to lay new track at Deighton and Mirfield.

2024 April 17, Howard Johnston, “Network News: Easter buses as NR engages in 493 engineering projects”, in RAIL, number 1007, page 21, photo caption:

(transitive) To correct or improve (a deficiency or problem).


interleaf

A leaf, often of tissue paper or other thin paper, inserted between the pages of a book to protect illustrations.

proklad

leaf inserted in a book to protect illustrations


warish

en-adj

warish (comparative more warish, superlative most warish)

more warish (comparative)
most warish (superlative)

... life : and that a warish, short, and transient life.

1861, Thomas Adams, The works: Being the sum of his sermons, meditations, and other divine and moral discourses. With memoir by Joseph Angus, page 404:

Because we found that operations management, strategic management of war forces, proved to have a lot of value, strategic management was shifted over into the arena of the industrial organization. So you'll notice the definition of strategy comes very much from a warish, militaristic context, i.e., the positioning of armed forces...

1974, Every librarian a manager: proceedings of a conference (Special Libraries Association, Indiana Chapter, Purdue University. Libraries and Audio-Visual Center)

… the state of nature is a warish, brutal state.

2004, Instructor's Manual for Velasquez's Philosophy, A Text with Readings

Alternative form of warrish (“warlike”).


Magdalen

Magdalen College, Oxford
w:Magdalen College, Oxford

(Oxford University, informal) Ellipsis of Magdalen College, Oxford.


depute

[…] discharging hereby the said sheriff and his deputes […]

1774, George Dallas, A System of Stiles, page 99:


misfold

en-verb

misfold (third-person singular simple present misfolds, present participle misfolding, simple past and past participle misfolded)

misfolds (present singular third-person)
misfolding (participle present)
misfolded (participle past)
misfolded (past)

The prionopathies are best known among the neurodegenerative diseases for their ability to misfold, self-propagate, and infect other organisms.

2021 March 1, Anderson, K.N., Overcast, W.B., Brosch, J.R., Graner, B.D., Veronesi, M.C., “Prionopathies and Prionlike Protein Aberrations in Neurodegenerative Diseases”, in American Society of Neuroradiology, volume 11, number 2, →DOI, pages 127-148:

(biochemistry, intransitive, of a protein or nucleic acid) To fold into an unusual or incorrect tertiary structure; misfolded proteins occur in various diseases, including amyloidoses and dementias, although the question of causation versus consequence is not yet definitively answered for dementias.


miscast

miscast (third-person singular simple present miscasts, present participle miscasting, simple past and past participle miscast)

miscasts (present singular third-person)
miscasting (participle present)
miscast (participle past)
miscast (past)

From Middle English miscasten, equivalent to mis- + cast.

to miscast a glance

(transitive, intransitive) To cast or direct erroneously or improperly.


retouch

retouch (third-person singular simple present retouches, present participle retouching, simple past and past participle retouched)

retouches (present singular third-person)
retouching (participle present)
retouched (participle past)
retouched (past)

For time ſhall with his ready pencil ſtand;
Retouch your figures with his ripening hand;
Mellow your colors, and imbrown the teint;
Add every grace, which time alone can grant;
To future ages ſhall your fame convey,
And give more beauties than he takes away.

a. 1701 (date written), John Dryden, “Epistle the Fourteenth. To Sir Godfrey Kneller, Principal Painter to His Majesty.”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume II, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 201:

(transitive) To improve something (especially a photograph), by adding or correcting details, or by removing flaws.

ретуширам

to improve something, especially a photograph


cussed

en-adj

cussed (comparative more cussed, superlative most cussed)

more cussed (comparative)
most cussed (superlative)

(chiefly US, informal) Ill-tempered, nasty, obstinate.


numerate

numerate (comparative more numerate, superlative most numerate)

more numerate (comparative)
most numerate (superlative)

From Latin numerus + -ate (adjective-forming suffix), by analogy with literate.

af

In these days when the age of pulse was giving way to the age of tone. When the epoch of analogue (which was to say also of the richness of language, of analogy) was giving way to the digital era, the final victory of the numerate over the literate.

2001, Salman Rushdie, Fury: A Novel, London: Jonathan Cape, →ISBN, page 8:

Having the ability to understand numbers and perform arithmetic.

laskutaitoinen

having the ability to understand numbers and perform arithmetic


interplay

en-verb

interplay (third-person singular simple present interplays, present participle interplaying, simple past and past participle interplayed)

interplays (present singular third-person)
interplaying (participle present)
interplayed (participle past)
interplayed (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-interplay (noun).wav

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-interplay (verb).wav


devo

en-adj

devo (comparative more devo, superlative most devo)

more devo (comparative)
most devo (superlative)


cruciate

cruciate (comparative more cruciate, superlative most cruciate)

more cruciate (comparative)
most cruciate (superlative)

Her anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL) are torn and Vonn has a lateral fracture of the tibial plateau, the upper end of the tibia or shin bone.

2013 February 6, Jen Christiensen, “Vonn’s injury ‘career-delayer,’ not ‘career ender’”, in CNN:

In the form of a cross; cross-shaped; cruciform.

Immediately I was so cruciate, that I desired— death to take me.

1531, Thomas Elyot, The Boke Named the Governour […], London: […] Tho[mas] Bertheleti, →OCLC:

In this life are they cruciate with a troublous and doubtfull conscience.

1550, John Bale, The Image of Both Churches:


cruciate

en-verb

cruciate (third-person singular simple present cruciates, present participle cruciating, simple past and past participle cruciated)

cruciates (present singular third-person)
cruciating (participle present)
cruciated (participle past)
cruciated (past)

They vexed, tormented, and cruciated the weake consciences of men.

a. 1680, Joseph Glanvill, on the Preexistence of Souls
The thus miserably cruciated spirit must needs quit its unfit habitation.


outbox

(computing) An electronic folder serving the same purpose, for electronic mail.


reload

reload (third-person singular simple present reloads, present participle reloading, simple past and past participle reloaded)

reloads (present singular third-person)
reloading (participle present)
reloaded (participle past)
reloaded (past)

(computing) To refresh a copy of a program etc. in memory or of a web page etc. on screen

recarregar

to refresh a copy of a program in memory or of a web page on screen

(firearms) To load a gun again; or recharge a used cartridge.

We're gonna make the stars come out tonight. So why don't you reload,reload, re reload the music?

2013 February 15, “Reload” (track 3), in The Ascent, performed by Wiley, Ms D, and Chip:

[Verse 2:Kano]:[…]Mad, reload ting. Pop, pop, pop that's a reload ting. And when I say "It's Kano in the house", everybody knows that's a reload ting.

2016 March 4, “3 Wheel-Ups” (track 4), in Made in the Manor, performed by Kano (British musician),Giggs (rapper),Wiley (musician):

To load (something) again.
(music) To replay music in a DJ set.

To load (something) again.
To replay music in a DJ set.


reload

Each reload of the weapon took about 30 seconds.

The process by which something is reloaded.

(firearms) An ammunition cartridge prepared from previously fired ammunition.


blither

en-noun

blither (countable and uncountable, plural blithers)

The verb is a variant of blether (Northern England, Scotland), blather (“to say (something foolish or nonsensical); to say (something) in a foolish or overly verbose way; to babble (something); to talk rapidly without making much sense; to cry loudly, blubber”), from Middle English bloderen, blotheren (“to babble; to cry loudly, blubber”), from Old Norse blaðra (“to talk foolishly or inarticulately”), from blaðr (“nonsense”); further etymology uncertain.
The noun is a variant of blether, blather (“foolish or nonsensical talk”), either from blether, blather (verb), or from Old Norse blaðr (“nonsense”): see above.

der

Indeed, it was Mr. Buck's private opinion that in the matter of plants and flowers Sir John and Lady Moulter were "a pair of old blithers."

1896, Benjamin Swift [pseudonym; William Romaine Paterson], “Runs between Abbeylands and the Haws”, in Nancy Noon […], 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 42:

Little Miss Cricket pointed a thicket, prompting the birds to stay. When along came a blither who fired right beside her and frightened Miss Cricket away. Yes, that'll do nicely. And as for a blither, Webster tells us that's an idiot. And it's idiots who make gun-shy dogs.

1980 August, Bill Tarrant, “Why the Gun-shy Dog?”, in Jack Samson, editor, Field & Stream, volume LXXXV, number 4, New York, N.Y.: CBS Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 114, column 1:

'But I like my breasts better without a corset,' I huffed at her. 'You may like them better, but so will the hundreds of blithers hanging 'round them docks. Now, come over here so I can lace you up and get you into this dress. The sooner you get it done, the dooner you will be back in bed.'

2024, J. L. Martin, chapter 12, in The Golden Glow (Samsara—The First Season; 1), [Los Gatos, Calif.]: Time Travellers Publishing House, →ISBN:

(countable, by extension, derogatory, dated) A foolish person; a fool, an idiot.


coppish

And it was early morning, and the world was moist, when the crystal-gazer's husband, a freak in knickerbockers with an open coppish and a sabbath gamp, came over the stones outside his house to meet the holy travellers.

a. 1954 (date written), Dylan Thomas, “The Holy Six”, in Adventures in the Skin Trade (A New Directions Paperbook; no. 183), New York, N.Y.: New Directions Publishing Corporation, published 1969, →ISBN, page 129:


misfire

en-verb

misfire (third-person singular simple present misfires, present participle misfiring, simple past and past participle misfired)

misfires (present singular third-person)
misfiring (participle present)
misfired (participle past)
misfired (past)

Either a univerbation of earlier miss fire, or the compound mis- + fire (or possibly a confluence of both).

(of a nerve or neuron) To initiate an action potential without the proper stimulus.


reduplicate

en-adj

reduplicate (comparative more reduplicate, superlative most reduplicate)

more reduplicate (comparative)
most reduplicate (superlative)

From Medieval Latin reduplicātus, from reduplicāre, from re- with duplicāre.

EtymOnLine

Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “reduplicate”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.


infall

en-noun

infall (countable and uncountable, plural infalls)


pean

Derived from Middle French penne (“feather”), from penna (“feather”); doublet of pen and penna.

der+

(heraldry) In blazon, a heraldic fur of a black field with gold spots.

kontraguldhermelin

of black colour with gold spots on a coat of arms


overload

/ˌəʊvəˈləʊd/

/ˌəʉvəˈləʉd/

/ˌɐʉvəˈlɐʉd/

/ˌɐʉvəˈlɐʉd/

/ˈəʊvəˌləʊd/

/ˈəʉvəˌləʉd/

/ˈɐʉvəˌlɐʉd/

We did haul overloads sometimes[.]

2000, Bob Foster, Birdum or Bust!, Henley Beach, SA: Seaview Press, page 60:

(automotive) An load of goods above the prescribed carrying weight of the vehicle.


overlord

/ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈlɔː(ɹ)d/

From Middle English oferrlaferrd, orlard, our-lord, ouyr-lord, equivalent to over- + lord.

The tenant owed a variety of obligations to his overlord—usually including military service or serjeanty—but these were gradually converted into monetary rents.

(historical) A feudal lord directly owed rent or personal service by a tenant of subinfeudated land, a tenant's liege lord.

hűbérúr

historical: feudal lord directly owed rent or personal service by a tenant of subinfeudated land, a tenant's liege lord


depauperate

en-adj

depauperate (comparative more depauperate, superlative most depauperate)

more depauperate (comparative)
most depauperate (superlative)

From Middle English depauperat (“impoverished”), from Medieval Latin depauperātus (“impoverished”), past participle of depauperō (“to impoverish”), itself from Latin de- + pauperō (“to impoverish”), from pauper (“poor”). Equivalent to de- + pauper + -ate (adjective-forming suffix). Cognate with Italian depauperare, Spanish depauperar.

af

/dɪˈpɔːpəɹət/

/dɪˈpɔːpəɹeɪt/

(botany, of a plant, etc.) Having stunted growth


reprint

reprints (plural)
re-print (alternative)

The reprint is much less expensive than a first edition.

A book, pamphlet or other printed matter that has been published once before but is now being released again.

ново издание

printed matter that has been published before but is now being released again


collocate

Borrowed from Latin collocatum, supine of collocō. Doublet of couch.

of that creature you must take the parts wherein that virtue chiefly is collocate

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “X. Century.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:


reread

en-verb

reread (third-person singular simple present rereads, present participle rereading, simple past and past participle reread)

rereads (present singular third-person)
rereading (participle present)
reread (participle past)
reread (past)

My first book, Strange Natures: Futurity, Empathy, and the Queer Ecological Imagination (Seymour 2013), has further contributed to the development of queer ecology, rereading well-known contemporary queer novels and films as environmental polemics and theorizing why such reaadings have not been possible before.

2018, Nicole Seymour, Bad Environmentalism, page 23:


gillie

gillies (plural)
ghillie (alternative)
gilly (alternative)

From Scottish Gaelic gille (“helper”), from Middle Irish gilla (“youth, young man; boy, male child; messenger, page, servant”), possibly borrowed from Old Norse gildr (“brawny, stout; of full worth”). Compare Irish giolla (“boy”).

der

A Highland chief being as absolute in his patriarchal authority as any prince, had a corresponding number of officers attached to his person. […] Our officer of Engineers, so often quoted, has given us a distinct list of the domestic officers, who, […] belonged to the establishment of a Highland chief. These are, […] 4. Gillie-more, or sword-bearer, alluded to in the text. 5. Gillie-Casflue, who carried the chief, if on foot, over the fords. 6. Gillie-comstrain, who leads the chief's horse. 7. Gillie-Thrusha-narinsh, the baggage-man. 8. The Piper. 9. The piper's gillie, or attendant who carries the bagpipe.

1847, Walter Scott, “[Notes to Canto Third.] Note XVI.”, in The Lady of the Lake, a Poem, illustrated edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Carey and Hart, →OCLC, pages 289–290:

But my good companion had nothing in his mind but kindness; and the next moment, two of the gillies had me by the arms, and I began to be carried forward with great swiftness (or so it appeared to me, although I dare say it was slowly enough in truth), through a labyrinth of dreary glens and hollows and into the heart of that dismal mountain of Ben Alder.

1886 May 1 – July 31, Robert Louis Stevenson, Kidnapped, being Memoirs of the Adventures of David Balfour in the Year 1751: […], London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 1886, →OCLC:

(Scotland, originally) A male attendant of a Scottish Highland chief.

Every deerstalker will bear witness to the eagerness of Highlanders in pursuit of their old favourite game, the dun deer; the mountaineer shews what he is when his eye kindles and his nostril dilates at the sight of a noble stag; when the gillie forgets his master in his keenness, and the southern lags behind; when it is "bellows to mend" and London dinners are remembered with regret.

1860, “Introduction. The Fairy-egg, and What Came Out of It.”, in J[ohn] F[rancis] Campbell, editor, Popular Tales of the West Highlands: Orally Collected wih a Translation, volume I, Edinburgh: Edmondston and Douglas, →OCLC, page lxxxviii:

When dinner should be over, supper was to follow with scarcely any interval to speak of; and to partake of this other guests should be bidden—Svengali and Gecko, and perhaps one or two more. No ladies! For, as the unsusceptible Laird expressed it, in the language of a gillie he had once met at a servants' dance in a Highland country house, "Them wimmen spiles the ball!"

1894 March, George du Maurier, “Trilby”, in Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, volume LXXXVIII, number DXXVI, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, publishers, 325 to 337 Pearl Street, Franklin Square, →OCLC, part third, page 584, column 2:

[T]hough the fish run small, as indeed they all do in these small rivers, the strength of the water and the broken ground along the banks must make playing them an exciting business. Over twenty have been killed by one rod in a single day, and I should say that in most seasons some lucky man gets a bag of ten. But of course this sort of thing has to be paid for. Ten shillings a day is the charge for the river, and in addition to that there is your gillie.

1899, Stephen [Lucius] Gwynn, “Fishing and Golf in Donegal”, in Highways and Byways in Donegal and Antrim, London: Macmillan and Co., Limited; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, pages 299–300:

Courage and coolness are great qualities in a gillie, and you do not really know your man till you have been with him in a storm. […] Most gillies have cool heads and hearts of oak. They must have these qualities; to be cool and courageous is part of their job.

1994, Jeremy Paxman, Fish, Fishing and the Meaning of Life, London: Michael Joseph, →ISBN:

[H]e said, "I hae the day off tomorrow. I'll take ye out on the Anstey if ye want." This met with Patricia's ideas of what was right or fitting. Fishing on a Scottish river with a policeman as ghillie was socially acceptable to her mind.

1998, M. C. Beaton [pseudonym; Marion Chesney], chapter 1, in Death of a Scriptwriter (A Hamish Macbeth Mystery), New York, N.Y.: Mysterious Press, →ISBN:

Before we knew it, we were on a Fokker, twin engine, jet aircraft out of Copenhagen bound for Stavenger, Bergen and Trondheim, Norway, where we rested up for two days before boarding a four passenger float plane in the tiny Village of Hell. The Land Rover manned by our gilly (guide) waited where the A-Elv River joined the sea at the head of the fjord.

2010, John W. Stevens, “Atlantic Salmon from Hell and Back”, in Memorable Fish and Fishermen, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, →ISBN:

(British, Ireland, Scotland) A fishing and hunting guide; a man or boy who attends to a person who is fishing or hunting, especially in Scotland.


gillie

From gill (“drink measure for spirits”) + -ie; probably a nonce word coined by Scottish poet Robert Burns (1759–1796) to maintain the rhyme in a poem entitled On a Scotch Bard Gone to the West Indies, first published in 1786: see the quotation.

suffix

Fareweel, my rhyme-compoſing billie! / Your native ſoil was right ill-willie; / But may ye flouriſh like a lily, / Now bonilie! / I'll toaſt ye in my hindmoſt gillie, / Tho' owre the Sea!

1786 July 31, Robert Burns, “On a Scotch Bard Gone to the West Indies”, in Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect, Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire: Printed by John Wilson, →OCLC; reprinted Kilmarnock: James McKie, March 1867, →OCLC, page 184:

(Scotland) A gill of an alcoholic drink.


correlate

en-verb

correlate (third-person singular simple present correlates, present participle correlating, simple past and past participle correlated)

correlates (present singular third-person)
correlating (participle present)
correlated (participle past)
correlated (past)

(transitive) To compare things and bring them into a relation having corresponding characteristics.


resend

From re- + send. Attested since the 1550s.

EtymOnLine

Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “resend”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

If the BS reaches its maximum number of resends, it initiates another full authentication or drops the SS.

2007, Yang Xiao, WiMAX/MobileFi: Advanced Research and Technology, page 99:


cun

cuns (plural)
cun (plural)
tsun (alternative)

A traditional Chinese unit of length, originally the width of a person's thumb at the knuckle.


platy

en-noun

platy (plural platys or platies or platy)

platys (plural)
platies (plural)
platy (plural)

]
]
Translingual: Platypoecilus (“former genus of platys”)

desc

I had a mixed community aquarium with several tetras, two mollies, some corydoras catfish, and a platy from a previous tank.

Any of two species (and hybrids) of tropical fish of the genus Xiphophorus (which also includes the swordtails).


pretest

“Just popped an Addie, so I’m good to go” — this sort of pretest attitude has become pervasive. Conversations with several students suggested Adderall was always available, costing from $2 to $5 a pill.

2013 March 4, Roger Cohen, “The Competition Drug”, in The New York Times:


pretest

A preliminary test, given in advance of instruction or evaluation.

Pretest

A test given in advance of instruction or evaluation


overbalance

en-verb

overbalance (third-person singular simple present overbalances, present participle overbalancing, simple past and past participle overbalanced)

overbalances (present singular third-person)
overbalancing (participle present)
overbalanced (participle past)
overbalanced (past)

(intransitive) To lose one's balance; to fall over.


digitate

digitate (third-person singular simple present digitates, present participle digitating, simple past and past participle digitated)

digitates (present singular third-person)
digitating (participle present)
digitated (participle past)
digitated (past)

From Latin digitātus for the adjective and digitāre for the verb.

The supine resting on Water onely by retention of Air[…]doth digitate a reason.


retest

retest (third-person singular simple present retests, present participle retesting, simple past and past participle retested)

retests (present singular third-person)
retesting (participle present)
retested (participle past)
retested (past)


albe

Why ſhould not that dead carrion ſatisfie
 The guilt, which if he liued had thus long,
 His life for due reuenge ſhould deare abie ?
 The treſpaſſe ſtill doth liue, albe the perſon die.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


declinate

en-adj

declinate (comparative more declinate, superlative most declinate)

more declinate (comparative)
most declinate (superlative)

Latin dēclīnātus, past participle of dēclīnō (“I decline”).

(botany) Bending downward in a curve; declined.


declinate

en-verb

declinate (third-person singular simple present declinates, present participle declinating, simple past and past participle declinated)

declinates (present singular third-person)
declinating (participle present)
declinated (participle past)
declinated (past)

[…] as if we were all to become village school teachers and spend our lives in declinating nouns and conjugating verbs.

1877, Samuel Royce, Deterioration and Race Education, page 313:

[…] we observe that in the use of this auxiliary two declinated forms were conserved: […]

2000, Charles J. Borges, Oscar Guilherme Pereira, Hannes Stubbe, Goa and Portugal: History and Development, page 361:

(grammar, rare, nonstandard) Synonym of decline.


derivate

From a substantivation of the above adjective. Equivalent to derive + -ate (noun-forming suffix).


marginate

marginate (third-person singular simple present marginates, present participle marginating, simple past and past participle marginated)

marginates (present singular third-person)
marginating (participle present)
marginated (participle past)
marginated (past)

From Latin marginatus, past participle of marginare (“to margin”).

undulating lines marginated with pale, one on each side, Maxillæ nearly straight, their base narrow


colorate

en-adj

colorate (comparative more colorate, superlative most colorate)

more colorate (comparative)
most colorate (superlative)

From Latin colōrātus, past participle of colōrō (“I color”). Equivalent to color + -ate (adjective-froming suffix)

had the tunicles and humours of the eye , all , or any of them , been colorate , many of the rays proceeding from the viſible object would have been stopped and ſuffocated before they could come to the bottom

1691, John Ray, The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation. […], London: […] Samuel Smith, […], →OCLC:


diffuser

They are in the under-$20 section, which includes a display of scented candles and diffusers.

2009 February 28, Rita Zekas, “DecoRita visits West Elm”, in Toronto Star:

A device designed to diffuse a scent efficiently.

Along the sofa every three and a half feet, fluorescent tubes glow through translucent plastic diffusers.

2008 January 24, “In a Town Known for Light, a House With Very Little”, in New York Times:

(optics) Any device that or spreads out or scatters light, making the light appear softer.

(sewage treatment) An aerating device consisting of a membrane with fine pores, through which air is blown to generate small bubbles.

(cooking) A cooking item that can be placed above a stove heating element or burner to separate the cooking utensil from the heat source.


reconvert

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-reconvert.wav

[…] it is notorious, that of those professing the creed of naked Protestantism, she [the Church of Rome] has made […] converts and reconverts by thousands—nay, even by millions:

1843, William Ewart Gladstone, “Present Aspect of the Church”, in Gleanings of Past Years, volume 5, London: John Murray, published 1879, pages 33–34:


resupply

en-verb

resupply (third-person singular simple present resupplies, present participle resupplying, simple past and past participle resupplied)

resupplies (present singular third-person)
resupplying (participle present)
resupplied (participle past)
resupplied (past)
re-supply (alternative)

täydentää (to fill supplies; also see translations at supply + uudelleen (“again”))

(intransitive) To stock up on supplies again; synonym of restock.


outwork

outwork (third-person singular simple present outworks, present participle outworking, simple past and past participle outworked)

outworks (present singular third-person)
outworking (participle present)
outworked (participle past)
outworked (past)

For now three dayes of men were full outwrought, / Since he this hardie enterprize began [...].

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

(rare, obsolete) To work out to a finish; to complete.


overage

en-noun

overage (countable and uncountable, plural overages)

/ˈəʊvəɹɪd͡ʒ/

You're entitled to bring a bag weighing fifty pounds onto the airplane, and will be charged extra for any overage.

Receiving department, 3 A.M. / Staff cuts have socked up the overage. / Directives are posted, no callbacks, complaints. / Everywhere is calm.

1998, “Daysleeper”, in Up, performed by R.E.M.:

Excess; a state of being more than it ought to be.

Überschuss

state of being more than one ought to be


miscount

From Middle English miscounten, equivalent to mis- + count.

To bait the mark, the veteran grifter initially covers one of the three numbers on the clothespin or miscounts the marble tally which serves to award the mark fairbanked points. The grateful mark will not question the grifter's tricky misread or miscount.

2011, Richard Margittay, Carnival Games: $10,000,000,000 Hoodwink Racket:


overbid

en-verb

overbid (third-person singular simple present overbids, present participle overbidding, simple past and past participle overbid)

overbids (present singular third-person)
overbidding (participle present)
overbid (participle past)
overbid (past)


rewire

rewire (third-person singular simple present rewires, present participle rewiring, simple past and past participle rewired)

rewires (present singular third-person)
rewiring (participle present)
rewired (participle past)
rewired (past)

I had to rewire the circuit where the old wires had shorted out.

The electrician said that we couldn't add a new outlet without rewiring.

During those overhauls the locomotives were also rewired, updated, and had any corrosion dealt with.

2019 October 23, Pip Dunn, “The next king of Scotland”, in Rail, page 50:

To replace or reconnect the wires of a device or installation.

When our companies merged, I rewired our payment processing system to handle their invoices as well.

To change the functionality of something by altering the parameters or logic.


rewire

Meanwhile, at the Nemesis site at Burton, 47760 is close to a return to traffic after a rewire and overheal.

2023 November 29, “Test runs for WCR fleet returnees”, in RAIL, number 997, page 24:

The act of replacing the wires of something.


unionize

unionize (third-person singular simple present unionizes, present participle unionizing, simple past and past participle unionized)

unionizes (present singular third-person)
unionizing (participle present)
unionized (participle past)
unionized (past)
un-ionize (alternative)
unionise (alternative)
un-ionise (alternative)

For the experiments designed to study the effect of pH, aqueous solutions of NaOH were used. Approximately 3 mL of the aqueous phase was drawn out for sampling and a portion of this was used to determine the pH[…]. The other portion was analyzed after addition of HCl solution to bring the pH below 3.0 (to unionize the dissociated vinyl acids).

2013 July 24, Amit K. Tripathi, Donald C. Sundberg, “Partitioning of Functional Monomers in Emulsion Polymerization: Distribution of Carboxylic Acid Monomers between Water and Multimonomer Systems”, in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, volume 52, number 29, →DOI, page 9764:

(physical chemistry, rare) Synonym of deionize.

(transitive) To cause (an ionized substance) to return to a neutral state; to convert (an ion) into a neutral atom or molecule.


unionized

en-adj

unionized (comparative more unionized, superlative most unionized)

more unionized (comparative)
most unionized (superlative)
unionised (alternative)

Bumblemore was constantly calling the house elves in to fix this or that thing, but they were unionized and often on strike, so everybody had learned to accept unflushing toilets and small electrical fires […]

2002, Michael Gerber, Barry Trotter and the Unauthorized Parody, page 25:

participial adjective
participial adjective

(participial adjective, of workers, workforces, companies, or industries) Organized into a trades union or trades unions.

companies; or industries; companies; or industries


noone

From no + one. Compare Middle English noone, noon, noan (“noone”). More at none.


noone

From Middle English none, noune, from Old English nōn (“noon; the ninth hour”). Cognate with Dutch noen, Icelandic nón. More at noon.


buckling

From the verb to buckle, equivalent to buckle + -ing.

(geology) A folding into hills and valleys.

Engineers decided not to use hydraulics, to ensure there was no twisting or buckling to the 80-tonne girder structure.

2021 July 14, “Network News: Network Rail engineers raise Machynlleth bridge”, in RAIL, number 935, page 27:

The action of giving in (slightly) to pressure or stress by developing a bulge, bending or kinking (with the eventual risk of collapsing).

flambage

kinking, bending or bulging under pressure or stress


vicine

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid extracted from the seeds of the vetch (Vicia sativa) as a white crystalline substance.


controverse

en-verb

controverse (third-person singular simple present controverses, present participle controversing, simple past and past participle controversed)

controverses (present singular third-person)
controversing (participle present)
controversed (participle past)
controversed (past)

Borrowed from Middle French controverse.


prescript

Latin praescriptum: compare Old French prescript.

A Holy place is ſomething, a ſeparate time is ſomething, a preſcript form of words is more, and ſeparate and ſolemn actions are more yet; but all theſe are made common by a common perſon, and therefore without a diſtinction of perſons have not a natural and reaſonable diſtinction and ſolemnity and exterior religion.

1651, Jer[emy] Taylor, “Section I”, in Clerus Domini: or, A Discourse of the Divine Institution, Necessity, Sacrednesse, and Separation of the Office Ministerial. […], London: […] R[ichard] Royston […], published 1655, →OCLC, paragraph 7, page 4:


overcall

/ˌəʊvəˈkɔːl/

/ˈəʊvəˌkɔːl/

(poker, bridge) A call which occurs after another player has already called

An overcall should be arranged with Corps Area Headquarters so that a sufficient number of men will be physically examined to produce the net specified on the order referred to above.

1948, Mardelle L. Clark, Richard H. Eanes, Physical Examination of Selective Service Registrants:

It has been noted that in some States the Negro overcall percentage has been the same as the white overcall percentage.

1953, United States. Selective Service System, Special Groups - Volume 2, page 15:

Was the overcall made with the intent of depriving nonintegrated users aluminum from the new facilities?

An extra amount called up beyond the minimum required.

Third, the nine-month period between delivery of the overcall recording and the expiration of that particular contract period can and should be reduced.

1986, Alan H. Siegel, Breakin' in to the Music Business, →ISBN, page 110:

Most majors require one album in each contract period, with the option to ask for a second, or overcall, album if they wish.

1990, Wayne Wadhams, Sound Advice: The Musician's Guide to the Record Industry, page 164:

Artists should always view contracts referring to overcall recordings with care, if not outright suspicion.

2005, Richard Schulenberg, Legal Aspects of the Music Industry: An Insider's View, page 47:

An additional creative product that a producer can require at the producer's option during the contract period.

According to published data, screening with chemiluminescence, as opposed to other light sources, imparts the lowest overcall rate.

2002, Barbara S. Apgar, Gregory L. Brotzman, Mark Spitzer, Colposcopy, Principles and Practice: An Integrated Textbook and Atlas, →ISBN:

However, the rigid cores' appearance on smears and the intact reticulin fiber network on cell block will prevent the overcall.

2008, Marluce Bibbo, David Wilbur, Comprehensive Cytopathology, →ISBN, page 884:

A complete history may be important to avoid making an overcall, although cases of coexisting SQC and pemphigus vulgaris have been reported.

2009, Edmund S. Cibas, Barbara S. Ducatman, Cytology E-Book: Diagnostic Principles and Clinical Correlates, →ISBN:

(medicine) A positive diagnosis when there is, in fact, nothing wrong.


humanize

humanize (third-person singular simple present humanizes, present participle humanizing, simple past and past participle humanized)

humanizes (present singular third-person)
humanizing (participle present)
humanized (participle past)
humanized (past)
humanise (alternative)

VVas it the buſineſs of magic to humanize our natures with compaſſion, forgiveneſs, and all the inſtances of the moſt extenſive charity?

a. 1720 (date written), Joseph Addison, “Section II. The Power and Wisdom of God in the Creation.”, in The Evidences of the Christian Religion, […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson […], published 1730, →OCLC, subsection IV, page 16:

A waiter brought his aperitif, which was a small scotch and soda, and as he sipped it gratefully he sighed.
 ‘Civilized,’ he said to Mr. Campion. ‘Humanizing.’ […] ‘Cigars and summer days and women in big hats with swansdown face-powder, that's what it reminds me of.’

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter V, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

(transitive) To make human; to give or cause to have the fundamental properties of a human.


nestling

It was associated, to them, with vague sweet memories of loving nestlings in mother's arms, of soft warm coddlings before the fire, of slow rocking to and fro in the little, low, flag chair, and gradual droppings off to sleep […]

1871, Kate Neely Hill Festetits, Actions speak louder than words:


inseam

The seam of a trouser up the inside of the leg.


miscue

(sports) In a cue sport, an error in hitting the ball with the cue.


misquote

An incorrect recitation or recording of a quotation.


ill-use

ill-use (third-person singular simple present ill-uses, present participle ill-using, simple past and past participle ill-used)

ill-uses (present singular third-person)
ill-using (participle present)
ill-used (participle past)
ill-used (past)

To treat someone badly, cruelly or unkindly.


misname

misname (third-person singular simple present misnames, present participle misnaming, simple past and past participle misnamed)

misnames (present singular third-person)
misnaming (participle present)
misnamed (participle past)
misnamed (past)

Misnamed (and misgendered) was Patricia Glass Schuman, of Neal-Schuman Publishers.


misplay

misplay (third-person singular simple present misplays, present participle misplaying, simple past and past participle misplayed)

misplays (present singular third-person)
misplaying (participle present)
misplayed (participle past)
misplayed (past)

I misplayed that tennis shot: I should have hit it to her right instead of her left.

If there were any misplayed notes or misplucked strings, this listener blissfully unaware of them.

1979, High Fidelity Incorporating Musical America - Volume 29, page 32:

(transitive) To play incorrectly or poorly.


misplay

His misplay in the bridge tournament was penalized when it was noted he'd broken the rules.