κόσμος

grc-noun

κόσμος • (kósmos) m (genitive κόσμου); second declension

kósmos (romanization)
κόσμου (genitive)
ὁ κόσμος (nominative singular)
τὼ κόσμω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόσμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόσμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόσμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόσμων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόσμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόσμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόσμοις (dative plural)
τὸν κόσμον (accusative singular)
τὼ κόσμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόσμους (accusative plural)
κόσμε (singular vocative)
κόσμω (dual vocative)
κόσμοι (plural vocative)

→ Coptic: ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ (kosmos)

→ English: cosmos

→ French: cosmos

Greek: κόσμος (kósmos)

Mariupol Greek: ко́смос (kósmos)

→ Polish: kosmos

→ Russian: космос m (kosmos)

From Proto-Hellenic *kónsmos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱónsmos, from *ḱens- (“to announce, put in order”). Related to Latin cēnseō (“to estimate”) and Sanskrit शंसति (śaṃsati, “to commend, praise”).

κόσμησις

κοσμέω (kosméō)


μηχανή

grc-noun

μηχᾰνή • (mēkhănḗ) f (genitive μηχᾰνῆς); first declension

μηχᾰνή (canonical)
mēkhănḗ (romanization)
μηχᾰνῆς (genitive)
ἡ μηχᾰνή (nominative singular)
τὼ μηχᾰνᾱ́ (dual nominative)
αἱ μηχᾰναί (nominative plural)
τῆς μηχᾰνῆς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μηχᾰναῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν μηχᾰνῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ μηχᾰνῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν μηχᾰναῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς μηχᾰναῖς (dative plural)
τὴν μηχᾰνήν (accusative singular)
τὼ μηχᾰνᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μηχᾰνᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
μηχᾰνή (singular vocative)
μηχᾰνᾱ́ (dual vocative)
μηχᾰναί (plural vocative)
ᾱ̔ μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (nominative singular)
τὼ μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (dual nominative)
ταὶ μᾱχᾰναί (nominative plural)
τᾶς μᾱχᾰνᾶς (genitive singular)
τοῖν μᾱχᾰναῖν (dual genitive)
τᾶν μᾱχᾰνᾶν (genitive plural)
τᾷ μᾱχᾰνᾷ (dative singular)
τοῖν μᾱχᾰναῖν (dative dual)
ταῖς μᾱχᾰναῖς (dative plural)
τᾱ̀ν μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ν (accusative singular)
τὼ μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (singular vocative)
μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (dual vocative)
μᾱχᾰναί (plural vocative)

Greek: μηχανή (michaní)

→ Classical Syriac: ܡܐܟܢܐ

→ Coptic: ⲙⲏⲭⲁⲛⲏ (mēkhanē)

→ Old Armenian: մեքենայ (mekʻenay)

Armenian: մեքենա (mekʻena)

→ Pashto: مېچن (mēčə́n)

Unknown. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *megʰ- (“to be able”), with cognates including Old Church Slavonic могѫ (mogǫ) and Old English magan, miht, mæġen (English may, might, main). See also Μάγος (Mágos).
Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin, based on the infix -αν- (-an-), as well as formal difficulties in deriving the word's ablauting paradigm from *megʰ-, and considers it a doublet of Ancient Greek μάγγανον (mánganon, “charm, block (wheelbox)”).


ἵππος

grc-noun

ῐ̔́ππος • (hĭ́ppos) m or f (genitive ῐ̔́ππου); second declension

ῐ̔́ππος (canonical)
hĭ́ppos (romanization)
ῐ̔́ππου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ῐ̔́ππος (nominative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔́ππω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ῐ̔́πποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ῐ̔́ππου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔́πποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῐ̔́ππων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ῐ̔́ππῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῐ̔́πποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ῐ̔́πποις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ῐ̔́ππον (accusative singular)
τὼ ῐ̔́ππω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ῐ̔́ππους (accusative plural)
ῐ̔́ππε (singular vocative)
ῐ̔́ππω (dual vocative)
ῐ̔́πποι (plural vocative)
ῐ̔́ππος (nominative singular)
ῐ̔́ππω (dual nominative)
ῐ̔́πποι (nominative plural)
ῐ̔́ππου (genitive singular)
ῐ̔πποῖο (genitive singular)
ῐ̔́πποιο (genitive singular)
ῐ̔ππόο (genitive singular)
ῐ̔́πποο (genitive singular)
ῐ̔́πποιῐν (dual genitive)
ῐ̔́ππων (genitive plural)
ῐ̔́ππῳ (dative singular)
ῐ̔́πποιῐν (dative dual)
ῐ̔́πποισῐ (dative plural)
ῐ̔́πποισῐν (dative plural)
ῐ̔́πποις (dative plural)
hĭ́ppoisĭ (dative plural)
hĭ́ppoisĭn (dative plural)
hĭ́ppois (dative plural)
ῐ̔́ππον (accusative singular)
ῐ̔́ππω (accusative dual)
ῐ̔́ππους (accusative plural)
ῐ̔́ππε (singular vocative)
ῐ̔́ππω (dual vocative)
ῐ̔́πποι (plural vocative)

Greek: ίππος (íppos)

→ English: hippo-

→ French: hippo-

→ Italian: ippo-

→ Portuguese: hipo-

→ Spanish: hipo-

PIE word
 *h₁éḱwos
From Proto-Hellenic *íkkʷos (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀂𐀦 (i-qo)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos, from *h₁oh₁ḱu- (“swift”). Unexplained is ι for ε, the word initial heavy breathing (h) and the double π (hίππος instead of expected **έπος), possibly borrowed from another Indo-European language where such a sound change is regular. Cognates include Sanskrit अश्व (áśva), Latin equus, Lithuanian ašva, Gaulish epos, Old Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”), Old English eoh, and Old Irish ech.

ἴκκος

mentioned only in the Byzantine Etymologicum Magnum


ἐραστής

ἐρᾰστής • (erăstḗs) m (genitive ἐρᾰστοῦ); first declension

ἐρᾰστής (canonical)
erăstḗs (romanization)
ἐρᾰστοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ἐρᾰστής (nominative singular)
τὼ ἐρᾰστᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ ἐρᾰσταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἐρᾰστοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἐρᾰσταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἐρᾰστῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ἐρᾰστῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἐρᾰσταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἐρᾰσταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ἐρᾰστήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ἐρᾰστᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἐρᾰστᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ἐρᾰστᾰ́ (singular vocative)
ἐρᾰστᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ἐρᾰσταί (plural vocative)

ἐράω (eráō, “to love”) + -στης (-stēs, masculine agentive suffix)


ὁ

ho (romanization)
hē (romanization)
tó (romanization)
ὁ (masculine nominative singular)
ἡ (feminine nominative singular)
τό (neuter nominative singular)
τώ (dual masculine nominative)
τώ (dual feminine nominative)
τώ (dual neuter nominative)
οἱ (masculine nominative plural)
αἱ (feminine nominative plural)
τᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
τῆς (feminine genitive singular)
τοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
τοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
τοῖν (dual feminine genitive)
τοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
τῶν (genitive masculine plural)
τῶν (feminine genitive plural)
τῶν (genitive neuter plural)
τῷ (dative masculine singular)
τῇ (dative feminine singular)
τῷ (dative neuter singular)
τοῖν (dative dual masculine)
τοῖν (dative dual feminine)
τοῖν (dative dual neuter)
τοῖς (dative masculine plural)
ταῖς (dative feminine plural)
τοῖς (dative neuter plural)
τόν (accusative masculine singular)
τήν (accusative feminine singular)
τό (accusative neuter singular)
τώ (accusative dual masculine)
τώ (accusative dual feminine)
τώ (accusative dual neuter)
τούς (accusative masculine plural)
τᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
τᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
ὁ (masculine nominative singular)
ἡ (feminine nominative singular)
τό (neuter nominative singular)
τώ (dual masculine nominative)
τώ (dual feminine nominative)
τᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
τώ (dual neuter nominative)
οἱ (masculine nominative plural)
τοί (masculine nominative plural)
αἱ (feminine nominative plural)
ταί (feminine nominative plural)
τᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive masculine singular)
τοῖο (genitive masculine singular)
τῆς (feminine genitive singular)
τοῦ (genitive neuter singular)
τοῖο (genitive neuter singular)
τοῖιν (dual genitive masculine)
τοῖιν (dual feminine genitive)
τοῖιν (dual genitive neuter)
τῶν (genitive masculine plural)
τῶν (feminine genitive plural)
τᾱ́ων (feminine genitive plural)
τῶν (genitive neuter plural)
τῷ (dative masculine singular)
τῇ (dative feminine singular)
τῷ (dative neuter singular)
τοῖιν (dative dual masculine)
τοῖιν (dative dual feminine)
τοῖιν (dative dual neuter)
τοῖς (dative masculine plural)
τοῖσι (dative masculine plural)
τοῖσιν (dative masculine plural)
toîs (dative masculine plural)
toîsi (dative masculine plural)
toîsin (dative masculine plural)
τῇς (dative feminine plural)
τῇσι (dative feminine plural)
τῇσιν (dative feminine plural)
têis (dative feminine plural)
têisi (dative feminine plural)
têisin (dative feminine plural)
τοῖς (dative neuter plural)
τοῖσι (dative neuter plural)
τοῖσιν (dative neuter plural)
toîs (dative neuter plural)
toîsi (dative neuter plural)
toîsin (dative neuter plural)
τόν (accusative masculine singular)
τήν (accusative feminine singular)
τό (accusative neuter singular)
τώ (accusative dual masculine)
τώ (accusative dual feminine)
τᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
τώ (accusative dual neuter)
τούς (accusative masculine plural)
τᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
τᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)
ὁ (masculine nominative singular)
ᾱ̔ (feminine nominative singular)
τό (neuter nominative singular)
τώ (dual masculine nominative)
τᾱ́ (dual feminine nominative)
τώ (dual neuter nominative)
τοὶ (masculine nominative plural)
ταὶ (feminine nominative plural)
τᾰ́ (neuter nominative plural)
τῶ (genitive masculine singular)
τᾶς (feminine genitive singular)
τῶ (genitive neuter singular)
τοῖν (dual genitive masculine)
ταῖν (dual feminine genitive)
τοῖν (dual genitive neuter)
τῶν (genitive masculine plural)
τᾶν (feminine genitive plural)
τῶν (genitive neuter plural)
τῷ (dative masculine singular)
τᾷ (dative feminine singular)
τῷ (dative neuter singular)
τοῖν (dative dual masculine)
ταῖν (dative dual feminine)
τοῖν (dative dual neuter)
τοῖς (dative masculine plural)
ταῖς (dative feminine plural)
τοῖς (dative neuter plural)
τόν (accusative masculine singular)
τᾱ́ν (accusative feminine singular)
τό (accusative neuter singular)
τώ (accusative dual masculine)
τᾱ́ (accusative dual feminine)
τώ (accusative dual neuter)
τώς (accusative masculine plural)
τᾱ́ς (accusative feminine plural)
τᾰ́ (accusative neuter plural)

grc-adecl

First and second declension of ὁ, ἡ, τό (Attic, Koine)

First and second declension of ὁ, ἡ, τό (Epic)

τοῖς, τοῖσι(ν)

τῇς, τῇσι(ν)

First and second declension of ὁ, ἁ, τό (Laconian, Doric)

Greek: ο (o)

Tsakonian: ο (o)

From Proto-Hellenic *ho *hā *tó, from Proto-Indo-European *só *séh₂ *tód. There are many cognates, including Sanskrit स (sá), सा (sā́) तद् (tád), Old Church Slavonic тъ (tŭ), та (ta), то (to), and Old English sē, sēo, þæt (English the, that).

never used in Classical Attic proseRelative also used in exclamations

indefinite relative used in indirect questions

(relative, Epic, Ionic, poetic Attic) who, which, that


κόρη

grc-noun

κόρη • (kórē) f (genitive κόρης); first declension

kórē (romanization)
κόρης (genitive)
ἡ κόρη (nominative singular)
τὼ κόρᾱ (dual nominative)
αἱ κόραι (nominative plural)
τῆς κόρης (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόραιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κορῶν (genitive plural)
τῇ κόρῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόραιν (dative dual)
ταῖς κόραις (dative plural)
τὴν κόρην (accusative singular)
τὼ κόρᾱ (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς κόρᾱς (accusative plural)
κόρη (singular vocative)
κόρᾱ (dual vocative)
κόραι (plural vocative)

Greek: κόρη f (kóri)

→ English: kore, korephilia

→ Finnish: kore

→ Polish: kora f

From Proto-Hellenic *kórwā, whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐀒𐀷 (ko-wa). In this word, ᾱ (ā) shifted to η (ē) in Attic (see Attic–Ionic vowel shift on Wikipedia) because of the preceding ϝ (w). In words like ὥρᾱ (hṓrā), ρ prevented ᾱ from shifting to η, because there was no intervening ϝ (w).
Probably related to κορίζομαι (korízomai, “to caress, care for”). From *ḱerh₃- (“to feed, grow”), related to κορέννυμι (korénnumi, “to satisfy”).


ἄγγελος

ἄγγελος • (ángelos) m (genitive ᾰ̓γγέλου); second declension

ángelos (romanization)
ᾰ̓γγέλου (genitive)
ὁ ἄγγελος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγγέλω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄγγελοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀγγέλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγγέλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀγγέλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀγγέλοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἄγγελον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγγέλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀγγέλους (accusative plural)
ἄγγελε (singular vocative)
ἀγγέλω (dual vocative)
ἄγγελοι (plural vocative)
ὁ ἄγγελος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγγέλω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄγγελοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀγγέλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγγέλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀγγέλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ἀγγέλοισῐ (dative plural)
ἀγγέλοισῐν (dative plural)
ἀγγέλοις (dative plural)
toîsĭ angéloisĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭ angéloisĭn (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭn (dative plural)
angélois (dative plural)
τὸν ἄγγελον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγγέλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀγγέλους (accusative plural)
ἄγγελε (singular vocative)
ἀγγέλω (dual vocative)
ἄγγελοι (plural vocative)
ἄγγελος (nominative singular)
ἀγγέλω (dual nominative)
ἄγγελοι (nominative plural)
ἀγγέλου (genitive singular)
ἀγγελοῖο (genitive singular)
ἀγγέλοιο (genitive singular)
ἀγγελόο (genitive singular)
ἀγγέλοο (genitive singular)
ἀγγέλοιῐν (dual genitive)
ἀγγέλων (genitive plural)
ἀγγέλῳ (dative singular)
ἀγγέλοιῐν (dative dual)
ἀγγέλοισῐ (dative plural)
ἀγγέλοισῐν (dative plural)
ἀγγέλοις (dative plural)
angéloisĭ (dative plural)
angéloisĭn (dative plural)
angélois (dative plural)
ἄγγελον (accusative singular)
ἀγγέλω (accusative dual)
ἀγγέλους (accusative plural)
ἄγγελε (singular vocative)
ἀγγέλω (dual vocative)
ἄγγελοι (plural vocative)
ὁ ἄγγελος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγγέλω (dual nominative)
τοὶ ἄγγελοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀγγέλοιο (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγγέλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀγγέλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀγγέλοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἄγγελον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγγέλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀγγέλους (accusative plural)
ἄγγελε (singular vocative)
ἀγγέλω (dual vocative)
ἄγγελοι (plural vocative)
ὁ ἄγγελος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀγγέλω (dual nominative)
οἱ ἄγγελοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ ἀγγέλου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀγγέλων (genitive plural)
τῷ ἀγγέλῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀγγέλοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς ἀγγέλοις (dative plural)
τὸν ἄγγελον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀγγέλω (accusative dual)
τοὺς ἀγγέλους (accusative plural)
ἄγγελε (singular vocative)
ἀγγέλω (dual vocative)
ἄγγελοι (plural vocative)

Greek: άγγελος (ángelos)

→ Aghwan: 𐔰𐕎𐔲𐔴𐔾𐕒𐕚 (angelos)

→ Aramaic: אנגליא (ˀnglyˀ)

→ Gothic: 𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aggilus)

→ Coptic: ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ (aggelos)

→ Latin: angelus (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: анг҄елъ (angʹjelŭ) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Georgian: ანგელოზი (angelozi) (see there for further descendants)

→ Ukrainian: я́нгол (jánhol)

Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀐𐀫 (a-ke-ro), with further origin uncertain. Probably a loanword, likely related to ἄγγᾰρος (ángăros, “Persian mounted courier”) (whence Latin angarius), which is perhaps from Old Persian or some other Asian language. Klein suggests a Semitic origin; note 𐡀𐡍𐡂𐡓𐡕𐡀 (’engirtā, “missive, letter; contract”) and ܐܓܪܬܐ (ˀeggarṯā, “letter, document”, from Akkadian 𒂊𒄈𒌓 (egertu, “inscribed tablet; contract”)). Compare also Sanskrit अजिर (ajira, “agile, swift”), अञ्जि (añji, “commander, sender”) and अञ्जस् (añjas, “speed, velocity”).
The religious sense is a semantic loan from Biblical Hebrew מַלְאָךְ (malʾāḵ).


ἄνθρωπος

grc-noun

ἄνθρωπος • (ánthrōpos) m or f (genitive ἀνθρώπου); second declension

ánthrōpos (romanization)
ἀνθρώπου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ἄνθρωπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ἄνθρωποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ἀνθρώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθρώπων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ἀνθρώπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς ἀνθρώποις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ἄνθρωπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνθρώπους (accusative plural)
ἄνθρωπε (singular vocative)
ἀνθρώπω (dual vocative)
ἄνθρωποι (plural vocative)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ ἄνθρωπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ ἄνθρωποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς ἀνθρώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθρώπων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ ἀνθρώπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ἀνθρώποισῐ (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποισῐν (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποις (dative plural)
toîsĭ anthrṓpoisĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭ anthrṓpoisĭn (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭn (dative plural)
anthrṓpois (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν ἄνθρωπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνθρώπους (accusative plural)
ἄνθρωπε (singular vocative)
ἀνθρώπω (dual vocative)
ἄνθρωποι (plural vocative)
ἄνθρωπος (nominative singular)
ἀνθρώπω (dual nominative)
ἄνθρωποι (nominative plural)
ἀνθρώπου (genitive singular)
ἀνθρωποῖο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρώποιο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρωπόο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρώποο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρώποιῐν (dual genitive)
ἀνθρώπων (genitive plural)
ἀνθρώπῳ (dative singular)
ἀνθρώποιῐν (dative dual)
ἀνθρώποισῐ (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποισῐν (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποις (dative plural)
anthrṓpoisĭ (dative plural)
anthrṓpoisĭn (dative plural)
anthrṓpois (dative plural)
ἄνθρωπον (accusative singular)
ἀνθρώπω (accusative dual)
ἀνθρώπους (accusative plural)
ἄνθρωπε (singular vocative)
ἀνθρώπω (dual vocative)
ἄνθρωποι (plural vocative)
ἡ ἄνθρωπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἄνθρωποι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀνθρώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθρώπων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀνθρώπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dative dual)
ταῖς ἀνθρώποις (dative plural)
τὴν ἄνθρωπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνθρώπους (accusative plural)
ἄνθρωπε (singular vocative)
ἀνθρώπω (dual vocative)
ἄνθρωποι (plural vocative)
ἡ ἄνθρωπος (nominative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (dual nominative)
αἱ ἄνθρωποι (nominative plural)
τῆς ἀνθρώπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν ἀνθρώπων (genitive plural)
τῇ ἀνθρώπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν ἀνθρώποιν (dative dual)
τῇσῐ (dative plural)
τῇσῐν ἀνθρώποισῐ (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποισῐν (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποις (dative plural)
têisĭ anthrṓpoisĭ (dative plural)
têisĭ anthrṓpoisĭn (dative plural)
têisĭnĭ (dative plural)
têisĭnĭn (dative plural)
anthrṓpois (dative plural)
τὴν ἄνθρωπον (accusative singular)
τὼ ἀνθρώπω (accusative dual)
τᾱ̀ς ἀνθρώπους (accusative plural)
ἄνθρωπε (singular vocative)
ἀνθρώπω (dual vocative)
ἄνθρωποι (plural vocative)
ἄνθρωπος (nominative singular)
ἀνθρώπω (dual nominative)
ἄνθρωποι (nominative plural)
ἀνθρώπου (genitive singular)
ἀνθρωποῖο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρώποιο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρωπόο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρώποο (genitive singular)
ἀνθρώποιῐν (dual genitive)
ἀνθρώπων (genitive plural)
ἀνθρώπῳ (dative singular)
ἀνθρώποιῐν (dative dual)
ἀνθρώποισῐ (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποισῐν (dative plural)
ἀνθρώποις (dative plural)
anthrṓpoisĭ (dative plural)
anthrṓpoisĭn (dative plural)
anthrṓpois (dative plural)
ἄνθρωπον (accusative singular)
ἀνθρώπω (accusative dual)
ἀνθρώπους (accusative plural)
ἄνθρωπε (singular vocative)
ἀνθρώπω (dual vocative)
ἄνθρωποι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: άνθρωπος (ánthropos, “man”)

→ English: Anthropos (learned)

First attested in Hellenic as Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀵𐀫𐀦 (a-to-ro-qo), of uncertain origin. Scholars used to consider it to be a compound from ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man”) and ὤψ (ṓps, “face, appearance, look”): thus, "he who looks like a man". However, a δ (d) would be expected to develop by epenthesis, as in the genitive ἀνδρός (andrós), yielding *ἀνδρωπος (*andrōpos). Rosén defends this etymology, positing that the original laryngeal *h₃ in the root for ὤψ (ṓps) (from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs) changed the δ to its aspirated counterpart θ even across the intervening ρ.
Beekes argues that since no convincing Indo-European etymology has been found, the word is probably of Pre-Greek origin; he connects the word with the word δρώψ (drṓps, “man”). According to Beekes (2009:xxix), "Shift of aspiration is found in some cases: θριγκός / τριγχός, ἀθραγένη / ἀνδράχνη".
Garnier proposes a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dʰéreh₃kʷós (“that which is below”) (from *n̥dʰér + *-h₃kʷ-o-), hence "earthly, human", for this compare with Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”) whence Latin homō, Old Lithuanian žmuõ (“man”), Old English guma (“man”).
The word is treated in Plato's Cratylus.

lang

θριγκός / τριγχός, ἀθραγένη / ἀνδράχνη

θριγκός / τριγχός, ἀθραγένη / ἀνδράχνη

inh

(sometimes in the plural) all human beings, mankind


κόλπος

grc-noun

κόλπος • (kólpos) m (genitive κόλπου); second declension

kólpos (romanization)
κόλπου (genitive)
ὁ κόλπος (nominative singular)
τὼ κόλπω (dual nominative)
οἱ κόλποι (nominative plural)
τοῦ κόλπου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κόλποιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κόλπων (genitive plural)
τῷ κόλπῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν κόλποιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κόλποις (dative plural)
τὸν κόλπον (accusative singular)
τὼ κόλπω (accusative dual)
τοὺς κόλπους (accusative plural)
κόλπε (singular vocative)
κόλπω (dual vocative)
κόλποι (plural vocative)

→ Greek: κόλπος (kólpos) (learned)

→ Latin: colfus, colphus, culfus

Asturian: golfu

Catalan: golf

French: gouffre

Friulian: golf

Occitan: gòlf

Portuguese: golfo

Sicilian: gurfu

Spanish: golfo

Italian: golfo

→ German: Golf

→ Czech: golf

→ Norwegian: golf

→ Old French: golfe

French: golfe

→ Romanian: golf

→ Middle English: gulf

English: gulf

→ New Latin: colpos, colpus (learned)

→ Azerbaijani: körfəz

→ Ottoman Turkish: كورفز (körfez)

> Turkish: körfez (inherited)

→ Uyghur: كۆرپەز (körpez)

→ Uzbek: koʻrfaz

Of uncertain origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp- (“to curve, arch”), which would also be the source of Proto-Germanic *hwalfą (“vault, arch”), though Greek *πόλπος (*pólpos) would be expected, and the semantics are distant.
Alternatively, if the original meaning was closer to “crevice” and from a verb “to carve, cut, cleave”, compare Proto-Germanic *halbaz (“half”) and Sanskrit कल्प (kálpa, “rule, precept, arrangement”, literally “something cut to shape?”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kolp-, possibly an extension of *(s)kel(H)- (“to cut, slice, chop, carve”).


δρόμος

grc-noun

δρόμος • (drómos) m (genitive δρόμου); second declension

drómos (romanization)
δρόμου (genitive)
ὁ δρόμος (nominative singular)
τὼ δρόμω (dual nominative)
οἱ δρόμοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ δρόμου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δρόμοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δρόμων (genitive plural)
τῷ δρόμῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δρόμοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς δρόμοις (dative plural)
τὸν δρόμον (accusative singular)
τὼ δρόμω (accusative dual)
τοὺς δρόμους (accusative plural)
δρόμε (singular vocative)
δρόμω (dual vocative)
δρόμοι (plural vocative)

Byzantine Greek:

Greek: δρόμος (drómos) (see there for further descendants)

Romani: drom
Caló: dron

→ English: -drome

→ English: dromos

→ French: -drome

→ Italian: dromos

→ Italian: dromo

→ Latin: dromus

From Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“to run”) + -ος (-os); cognate with Sanskrit द्राति (drāti, “to run”), द्रम् (drámati, “to run”); Proto-Germanic *tradō (“way, track, spoor”). Related to δραμεῖν (drameîn), a suppletive aorist of τρέχω (trékhō, “to run”).


θεός

head

θεός • (theós)

From Proto-Hellenic *tʰehós (whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐀳𐀃 (te-o)), a thematicization of amphikinetic Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁-s-(s) ~ *dʰh₁-s-és, from *dʰeh₁- (“to do, to put, to place”) + *-s (s-stem forming suffix). Cognate with Phrygian δεως (deōs, “to the gods”), Old Armenian դիք (dikʻ, “gods”) and Latin fēriae (“festival days”), fānum (“temple”) and fēstus (“festive”).
Despite its similarity in form and meaning, the word is not related to Latin deus; the two come from different roots. A true cognate of deus is Ζεύς (Zeús).

der

divine (used only in comparative: θεώτερος (theṓteros))


θάνατος

grc-noun

θᾰ́νᾰτος • (thắnătos) m (genitive θᾰνᾰ́του); second declension

θᾰ́νᾰτος (canonical)
thắnătos (romanization)
θᾰνᾰ́του (genitive)
ὁ θᾰ́νᾰτος (nominative singular)
τὼ θᾰνᾰ́τω (dual nominative)
οἱ θᾰ́νᾰτοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ θᾰνᾰ́του (genitive singular)
τοῖν θᾰνᾰ́τοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θᾰνᾰ́των (genitive plural)
τῷ θᾰνᾰ́τῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θᾰνᾰ́τοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θᾰνᾰ́τοις (dative plural)
τὸν θᾰ́νᾰτον (accusative singular)
τὼ θᾰνᾰ́τω (accusative dual)
τοὺς θᾰνᾰ́τους (accusative plural)
θᾰ́νᾰτε (singular vocative)
θᾰνᾰ́τω (dual vocative)
θᾰ́νᾰτοι (plural vocative)
θᾰ́νᾰτος (nominative singular)
θᾰνᾰ́τω (dual nominative)
θᾰ́νᾰτοι (nominative plural)
θᾰνᾰ́του (genitive singular)
θᾰνᾰτοῖο (genitive singular)
θᾰνᾰ́τοιο (genitive singular)
θᾰνᾰτόο (genitive singular)
θᾰνᾰ́τοο (genitive singular)
θᾰνᾰ́τοιῐν (dual genitive)
θᾰνᾰ́των (genitive plural)
θᾰνᾰ́τῳ (dative singular)
θᾰνᾰ́τοιῐν (dative dual)
θᾰνᾰ́τοισῐ (dative plural)
θᾰνᾰ́τοισῐν (dative plural)
θᾰνᾰ́τοις (dative plural)
thănắtoisĭ (dative plural)
thănắtoisĭn (dative plural)
thănắtois (dative plural)
θᾰ́νᾰτον (accusative singular)
θᾰνᾰ́τω (accusative dual)
θᾰνᾰ́τους (accusative plural)
θᾰ́νᾰτε (singular vocative)
θᾰνᾰ́τω (dual vocative)
θᾰ́νᾰτοι (plural vocative)


ἰατρός

ῑ̓ᾱτρός • (īātrós) m (genitive ῑ̓ᾱτροῦ); second declension

ῑ̓ᾱτρός (canonical)
īātrós (romanization)
ῑ̓ᾱτροῦ (genitive)
ὁ ῑ̓ᾱτρός (nominative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓ᾱτρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ῑ̓ᾱτροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῑ̓ᾱτροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓ᾱτροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῑ̓ᾱτρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ῑ̓ᾱτρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῑ̓ᾱτροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῑ̓ᾱτροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ῑ̓ᾱτρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῑ̓ᾱτρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῑ̓ᾱτρούς (accusative plural)
ῑ̓ᾱτρέ (singular vocative)
ῑ̓ᾱτρώ (dual vocative)
ῑ̓ᾱτροί (plural vocative)

desc

Greek: γιατρός m or f (giatrós), ιατρός m or f (iatrós)

English: iatro-

iatroculture

iatrogenic

iatric, -iatrics

-iatry

Italian -iatra, -iatria

Spanish: -iatra

Polish: jatrogenny, -iatra, -iatria

From ἰάομαι (iáomai, “heal”) + -τρος (-tros, masculine agent-noun suffix).


πλῆθος

grc-noun

πλῆθος • (plêthos) n (genitive πλήθεος or πλήθους); third declension

plêthos (romanization)
πλήθεος (genitive)
πλήθους (genitive)
τὸ πλῆθος (nominative singular)
τὼ πλήθει (dual nominative)
τᾰ̀ πλήθη (nominative plural)
τοῦ πλήθους (genitive singular)
τοῖν πληθοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν πληθῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ πλήθει (dative singular)
τοῖν πληθοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς πλήθεσῐ (dative plural)
πλήθεσῐν (dative plural)
toîs plḗthesĭ (dative plural)
toîs plḗthesĭn (dative plural)
τὸ πλῆθος (accusative singular)
τὼ πλήθει (accusative dual)
τᾰ̀ πλήθη (accusative plural)
πλῆθος (singular vocative)
πλήθει (dual vocative)
πλήθη (plural vocative)

Greek: πλήθος (plíthos)

From πλήθω (plḗthō, “to fill”), the intransitive counterpart of πίμπλημι (pímplēmi).

specifically: a large group of people: crowd, multitude, throng, mob

ἐὸν ὀρέων καὶ πλήθεϊ μέγιστον καὶ μεγάθεϊ ὑψηλότατον.

being greatest in number and loftiest in height of mountains

eòn oréōn kaì plḗtheï mégiston kaì megátheï hupsēlótaton.

πρὸς τὰ ἱερὰ ἱκετῶν καθεζομένων διὰ πλῆθος τῆς ζημίας, ὅπως ταξάμενοι ἀποδῶσιν

[they] sat as suppliants in the temple because of the quantity of the fine, [praying] that they could pay it in installments

pròs tà hierà hiketôn kathezoménōn dià plêthos tês zēmías, hópōs taxámenoi apodôsin

magnitude, size, extent
amount, quantity

τὰ γὰρ πρὸ αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ ἔτι παλαίτερα σαφῶς μὲν εὑρεῖν διὰ χρόνου πλῆθος ἀδύνατα ἦν

460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.1.3

the events before them and the events from a longer time ago were impossible to clearly determine because of the length of time

tà gàr prò autôn kaì tà éti palaítera saphôs mèn heureîn dià khrónou plêthos adúnata ên

magnitude, size, extent
(of time) length


καιρός

καιρός • (kairós) m (genitive καιροῦ); second declension

kairós (romanization)
καιροῦ (genitive)
ὁ καιρός (nominative singular)
τὼ καιρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ καιροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ καιροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν καιροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν καιρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ καιρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν καιροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς καιροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν καιρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ καιρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς καιρούς (accusative plural)
καιρέ (singular vocative)
καιρώ (dual vocative)
καιροί (plural vocative)

Greek: καιρός (kairós)

→? Albanian: qëro

→ English: kairos

→ French: kairos

Of unclear origin. Possibly related to κείρω (keírō, “to shear, cut short”) (as a "decisive moment"), κεράννυμι (keránnumi, “to mix”) (as an "atmospherical mix"), or κύρω (kúrō, “to meet (accidentally)”); Beekes seems to favor the connection to κείρω (keírō) the most. Might also be related to, or the source of, Albanian qëro (“time”) (an archaic term).

(often in a positive sense) proper time, opportunity; prime, the right moment, the fatal spot


ἀγαπάω

grc-verb

ᾰ̓γᾰπᾰ́ω • (ăgăpắō)

ᾰ̓γᾰπᾰ́ω (canonical)
ăgăpắō (romanization)
ἀγαπᾰ́ω (active first-person indicative singular)
ἀγαπᾰ́εις (active indicative second-person singular)
ἀγαπᾰ́ει (active indicative singular third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́ετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́ετον (active dual indicative third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́ομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἀγαπᾰ́ετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́ουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́ουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́ω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ἀγαπᾰ́ῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ἀγαπᾰ́ῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́ητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ἀγαπᾰ́ητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́ωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ἀγαπᾰ́ητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ἀγαπᾰ́ωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́ωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́οιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
ἀγαπᾰ́οις (active optative second-person singular)
ἀγαπᾰ́οι (active optative singular third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́οιτον (active dual optative second-person)
ἀγαπᾰοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́οιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
ἀγαπᾰ́οιτε (active optative plural second-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́οιεν (active optative plural third-person)
ἀγάπᾰε (active imperative second-person singular)
ἀγαπᾰέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́ετον (active dual imperative second-person)
ἀγαπᾰέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́ετε (active imperative plural second-person)
ἀγαπᾰόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́ομαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἀγαπᾰ́ῃ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἀγαπᾰ́ει (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἀγαπᾰ́εται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́εσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́εσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἀγαπᾰόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἀγαπᾰ́εσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́ονται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́ωμαι (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
ἀγαπᾰ́ῃ (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ἀγαπᾰ́ηται (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́ησθον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
ἀγαπᾰ́ησθον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπᾰώμεθᾰ (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
ἀγαπᾰ́ησθε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ἀγαπᾰ́ωνται (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπᾰοίμην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
ἀγαπᾰ́οιο (middle optative passive second-person singular)
ἀγαπᾰ́οιτο (middle optative passive singular third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́οισθον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
ἀγαπᾰοίσθην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
ἀγαπᾰοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative passive plural)
ἀγαπᾰ́οισθε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́οιντο (middle optative passive plural third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́ου (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
ἀγαπᾰέσθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́εσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
ἀγαπᾰέσθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́εσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
ἀγαπᾰέσθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
ἀγαπᾰ́ειν (active infinitive)
ἀγαπᾰ́εσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
ἀγαπᾰ́ων (active masculine participle)
ἀγαπᾰόμενος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
ἀγαπᾰ́ουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
ἀγαπᾰομένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
ἀγαπᾰ́ον (active neuter participle)
ἀγαπᾰόμενον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
ἀγαπῶ (active first-person indicative singular)
ἀγαπᾷς (active indicative second-person singular)
ἀγαπᾷ (active indicative singular third-person)
ἀγαπᾶτον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἀγαπᾶτον (active dual indicative third-person)
ἀγαπῶμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἀγαπᾶτε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἀγαπῶσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
ἀγαπῶσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
ἀγαπῶ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ἀγαπᾷς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ἀγαπᾷ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπᾶτον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ἀγαπᾶτον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπῶμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ἀγαπᾶτε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ἀγαπῶσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπῶσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπῴην (active first-person optative singular)
ἀγαπῷμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
ἀγαπῴης (active optative second-person singular)
ἀγαπῷς (active optative second-person singular)
ἀγαπῴη (active optative singular third-person)
ἀγαπῷ (active optative singular third-person)
ἀγαπῷτον (active dual optative second-person)
ἀγαπῴητον (active dual optative second-person)
ἀγαπῴτην (active dual optative third-person)
ἀγαπῳήτην (active dual optative third-person)
ἀγαπῷμεν (active first-person optative plural)
ἀγαπῴημεν (active first-person optative plural)
ἀγαπῷτε (active optative plural second-person)
ἀγαπῴητε (active optative plural second-person)
ἀγαπῷεν (active optative plural third-person)
ἀγαπῴησᾰν (active optative plural third-person)
ἀγάπᾱ (active imperative second-person singular)
ἀγαπᾱ́τω (active imperative singular third-person)
ἀγαπᾶτον (active dual imperative second-person)
ἀγαπᾱ́των (active dual imperative third-person)
ἀγαπᾶτε (active imperative plural second-person)
ἀγαπώντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἀγαπῶμαι (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἀγαπᾷ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἀγαπᾶται (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἀγαπᾶσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἀγαπᾶσθον (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἀγαπώμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἀγαπᾶσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἀγαπῶνται (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
ἀγαπῶμαι (first-person middle passive singular subjunctive)
ἀγαπᾷ (middle passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ἀγαπᾶται (middle passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπᾶσθον (dual middle passive second-person subjunctive)
ἀγαπᾶσθον (dual middle passive subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπώμεθᾰ (first-person middle passive plural subjunctive)
ἀγαπᾶσθε (middle passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ἀγαπῶνται (middle passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπῴμην (first-person middle optative passive singular)
ἀγαπῷο (middle optative passive second-person singular)
ἀγαπῷτο (middle optative passive singular third-person)
ἀγαπῷσθον (dual middle optative passive second-person)
ἀγαπῴσθην (dual middle optative passive third-person)
ἀγαπῴμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative passive plural)
ἀγαπῷσθε (middle optative passive plural second-person)
ἀγαπῷντο (middle optative passive plural third-person)
ἀγαπῶ (imperative middle passive second-person singular)
ἀγαπᾱ́σθω (imperative middle passive singular third-person)
ἀγαπᾶσθον (dual imperative middle passive second-person)
ἀγαπᾱ́σθων (dual imperative middle passive third-person)
ἀγαπᾶσθε (imperative middle passive plural second-person)
ἀγαπᾱ́σθων (imperative middle passive plural third-person)
ἀγαπᾶν (active infinitive)
ἀγαπᾶσθαι (infinitive middle passive plural)
ἀγαπῶν (active masculine participle)
ἀγαπώμενος (masculine middle participle passive plural)
ἀγαπῶσᾰ (active feminine participle)
ἀγαπωμένη (feminine middle participle passive plural)
ἀγαπῶν (active neuter participle)
ἀγαπώμενον (middle neuter participle passive plural)
ἠγάπᾰον (active first-person indicative singular)
ἠγάπᾰες (active indicative second-person singular)
ἠγάπᾰε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἠγάπᾰεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἠγαπᾰ́ετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἠγαπᾰέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
ἠγαπᾰ́ομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἠγαπᾰ́ετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἠγάπᾰον (active indicative plural third-person)
ἠγαπᾰόμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἠγαπᾰ́ου (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἠγαπᾰ́ετο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἠγαπᾰ́εσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἠγαπᾰέσθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἠγαπᾰόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἠγαπᾰ́εσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἠγαπᾰ́οντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
ἠγάπων (active first-person indicative singular)
ἠγάπᾱς (active indicative second-person singular)
ἠγάπᾱ (active indicative singular third-person)
ἠγαπᾶτον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἠγαπᾱ́την (active dual indicative third-person)
ἠγαπῶμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἠγαπᾶτε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἠγάπων (active indicative plural third-person)
ἠγαπώμην (first-person indicative middle passive singular)
ἠγαπῶ (indicative middle passive second-person singular)
ἠγαπᾶτο (indicative middle passive singular third-person)
ἠγαπᾶσθον (dual indicative middle passive second-person)
ἠγαπᾱ́σθην (dual indicative middle passive third-person)
ἠγαπώμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle passive plural)
ἠγαπᾶσθε (indicative middle passive plural second-person)
ἠγαπῶντο (indicative middle passive plural third-person)
ἀγαπήσω (active first-person indicative singular)
ἀγαπήσεις (active indicative second-person singular)
ἀγαπήσει (active indicative singular third-person)
ἀγαπήσετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἀγαπήσετον (active dual indicative third-person)
ἀγαπήσομεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἀγαπήσετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἀγαπήσουσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
ἀγαπήσουσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
ἀγαπήσοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
ἀγαπήσοις (active optative second-person singular)
ἀγαπήσοι (active optative singular third-person)
ἀγαπήσοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
ἀγαπησοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
ἀγαπήσοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
ἀγαπήσοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
ἀγαπήσοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
ἀγαπήσομαι (first-person indicative middle singular)
ἀγαπήσῃ (indicative middle second-person singular)
ἀγαπήσει (indicative middle second-person singular)
ἀγαπήσεται (indicative middle singular third-person)
ἀγαπήσεσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
ἀγαπήσεσθον (dual indicative middle third-person)
ἀγαπησόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ἀγαπήσεσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
ἀγαπήσονται (indicative middle plural third-person)
ἀγαπησοίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
ἀγαπήσοιο (middle optative second-person singular)
ἀγαπήσοιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
ἀγαπήσοισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
ἀγαπησοίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
ἀγαπησοίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
ἀγαπήσοισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
ἀγαπήσοιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
ἀγαπηθήσομαι (first-person indicative passive singular)
ἀγαπηθήσῃ (indicative passive second-person singular)
ἀγαπηθήσεται (indicative passive singular third-person)
ἀγαπηθήσεσθον (dual indicative passive second-person)
ἀγαπηθήσεσθον (dual indicative passive third-person)
ἀγαπηθησόμεθᾰ (first-person indicative passive plural)
ἀγαπηθήσεσθε (indicative passive plural second-person)
ἀγαπηθήσονται (indicative passive plural third-person)
ἀγαπηθησοίμην (first-person optative passive singular)
ἀγαπηθήσοιο (optative passive second-person singular)
ἀγαπηθήσοιτο (optative passive singular third-person)
ἀγαπηθήσοισθον (dual optative passive second-person)
ἀγαπηθησοίσθην (dual optative passive third-person)
ἀγαπηθησοίμεθᾰ (first-person optative passive plural)
ἀγαπηθήσοισθε (optative passive plural second-person)
ἀγαπηθήσοιντο (optative passive plural third-person)
ἀγαπήσειν (active infinitive)
ἀγαπήσεσθαι (infinitive middle second-person third-person)
ἀγαπηθήσεσθαι (infinitive passive)
ἀγαπήσων (active masculine participle)
ἀγαπησόμενος (masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
ἀγαπηθησόμενος (masculine participle passive)
ἀγαπήσουσᾰ (active feminine participle)
ἀγαπησομένη (feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
ἀγαπηθησομένη (feminine participle passive)
ἀγαπῆσον (active neuter participle)
ἀγαπησόμενον (middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
ἀγαπηθησόμενον (neuter participle passive)
ἠγάπησᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
ἠγάπησᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
ἠγάπησε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἠγάπησεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἠγαπήσᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἠγαπησᾰ́την (active dual indicative third-person)
ἠγαπήσᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἠγαπήσᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἠγάπησᾰν (active indicative plural third-person)
ἀγαπήσω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ἀγαπήσῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ἀγαπήσῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπήσητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ἀγαπήσητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπήσωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ἀγαπήσητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ἀγαπήσωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπήσωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπήσαιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
ἀγαπήσειᾰς (active optative second-person singular)
ἀγαπήσαις (active optative second-person singular)
ἀγαπήσειε (active optative singular third-person)
ἀγαπήσειεν (active optative singular third-person)
ἀγαπήσαι (active optative singular third-person)
ἀγαπήσαιτον (active dual optative second-person)
ἀγαπησαίτην (active dual optative third-person)
ἀγαπήσαιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
ἀγαπήσαιτε (active optative plural second-person)
ἀγαπήσειᾰν (active optative plural third-person)
ἀγαπήσαιεν (active optative plural third-person)
ἀγάπησον (active imperative second-person singular)
ἀγαπησᾰ́τω (active imperative singular third-person)
ἀγαπήσᾰτον (active dual imperative second-person)
ἀγαπησᾰ́των (active dual imperative third-person)
ἀγαπήσᾰτε (active imperative plural second-person)
ἀγαπησᾰ́ντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἠγαπησᾰ́μην (first-person indicative middle singular)
ἠγαπήσω (indicative middle second-person singular)
ἠγαπήσᾰτο (indicative middle singular third-person)
ἠγαπήσᾰσθον (dual indicative middle second-person)
ἠγαπησᾰ́σθην (dual indicative middle third-person)
ἠγαπησᾰ́μεθᾰ (first-person indicative middle plural)
ἠγαπήσᾰσθε (indicative middle plural second-person)
ἠγαπήσᾰντο (indicative middle plural third-person)
ἀγαπήσωμαι (first-person middle singular subjunctive)
ἀγαπήσῃ (middle second-person singular subjunctive)
ἀγαπήσηται (middle singular subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπήσησθον (dual middle second-person subjunctive)
ἀγαπήσησθον (dual middle subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπησώμεθᾰ (first-person middle plural subjunctive)
ἀγαπήσησθε (middle plural second-person subjunctive)
ἀγαπήσωνται (middle plural subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπησαίμην (first-person middle optative singular)
ἀγαπήσαιο (middle optative second-person singular)
ἀγαπήσαιτο (middle optative singular third-person)
ἀγαπήσαισθον (dual middle optative second-person)
ἀγαπησαίσθην (dual middle optative third-person)
ἀγαπησαίμεθᾰ (first-person middle optative plural)
ἀγαπήσαισθε (middle optative plural second-person)
ἀγαπήσαιντο (middle optative plural third-person)
ἀγάπησαι (imperative middle second-person singular)
ἀγαπησᾰ́σθω (imperative middle singular third-person)
ἀγαπήσᾰσθον (dual imperative middle second-person)
ἀγαπησᾰ́σθων (dual imperative middle third-person)
ἀγαπήσᾰσθε (imperative middle plural second-person)
ἀγαπησᾰ́σθων (imperative middle plural third-person)
ἠγαπήθην (first-person indicative passive singular)
ἠγαπήθης (indicative passive second-person singular)
ἠγαπήθη (indicative passive singular third-person)
ἠγαπήθητον (dual indicative passive second-person)
ἠγαπηθήτην (dual indicative passive third-person)
ἠγαπήθημεν (first-person indicative passive plural)
ἠγαπήθητε (indicative passive plural second-person)
ἠγαπήθησᾰν (indicative passive plural third-person)
ἀγαπηθῶ (first-person passive singular subjunctive)
ἀγαπηθῇς (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ἀγαπηθῇ (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπηθῆτον (dual passive second-person subjunctive)
ἀγαπηθῆτον (dual passive subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπηθῶμεν (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ἀγαπηθῆτε (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ἀγαπηθῶσῐ (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπηθῶσῐν (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ἀγαπηθείην (first-person optative passive singular)
ἀγαπηθείης (optative passive second-person singular)
ἀγαπηθείη (optative passive singular third-person)
ἀγαπηθεῖτον (dual optative passive second-person)
ἀγαπηθείητον (dual optative passive second-person)
ἀγαπηθείτην (dual optative passive third-person)
ἀγαπηθειήτην (dual optative passive third-person)
ἀγαπηθεῖμεν (first-person optative passive plural)
ἀγαπηθείημεν (first-person optative passive plural)
ἀγαπηθεῖτε (optative passive plural second-person)
ἀγαπηθείητε (optative passive plural second-person)
ἀγαπηθεῖεν (optative passive plural third-person)
ἀγαπηθείησᾰν (optative passive plural third-person)
ἀγαπήθητῐ (imperative passive second-person singular)
ἀγαπηθήτω (imperative passive singular third-person)
ἀγαπήθητον (dual imperative passive second-person)
ἀγαπηθήτων (dual imperative passive third-person)
ἀγαπήθητε (imperative passive plural second-person)
ἀγαπηθέντων (imperative passive plural third-person)
ἀγαπῆσαι (active infinitive)
ἀγαπήσᾰσθαι (infinitive middle second-person third-person)
ἀγαπηθῆναι (infinitive passive)
ἀγαπήσᾱς (active masculine participle)
ἀγαπησᾰ́μενος (masculine middle participle second-person third-person)
ἀγαπηθείς (masculine participle passive)
ἀγαπήσᾱσᾰ (active feminine participle)
ἀγαπησᾰμένη (feminine middle participle second-person third-person)
ἀγαπηθεῖσᾰ (feminine participle passive)
ἀγαπῆσᾰν (active neuter participle)
ἀγαπησᾰ́μενον (middle neuter participle second-person third-person)
ἀγαπηθέν (neuter participle passive)
ἠγάπηκᾰ (active first-person indicative singular)
ἠγάπηκᾰς (active indicative second-person singular)
ἠγάπηκε (active indicative singular third-person)
ἠγάπηκεν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἠγαπήκᾰτον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἠγαπήκᾰτον (active dual indicative third-person)
ἠγαπήκᾰμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἠγαπήκᾰτε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἠγαπήκᾱσῐ (active indicative plural third-person)
ἠγαπήκᾱσῐν (active indicative plural third-person)
ἠγαπήκω (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ἠγαπήκῃς (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ἠγαπήκῃ (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ἠγαπήκητον (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ἠγαπήκητον (active dual subjunctive third-person)
ἠγαπήκωμεν (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ἠγαπήκητε (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ἠγαπήκωσῐ (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἠγαπήκωσῐν (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ἠγαπήκοιμῐ (active first-person optative singular)
ἠγαπηκοίην (active first-person optative singular)
ἠγαπήκοις (active optative second-person singular)
ἠγαπηκοίης (active optative second-person singular)
ἠγαπήκοι (active optative singular third-person)
ἠγαπηκοίη (active optative singular third-person)
ἠγαπήκοιτον (active dual optative second-person)
ἠγαπηκοίτην (active dual optative third-person)
ἠγαπήκοιμεν (active first-person optative plural)
ἠγαπήκοιτε (active optative plural second-person)
ἠγαπήκοιεν (active optative plural third-person)
ἠγάπηκε (active imperative second-person singular)
ἠγαπηκέτω (active imperative singular third-person)
ἠγαπήκετον (active dual imperative second-person)
ἠγαπηκέτων (active dual imperative third-person)
ἠγαπήκετε (active imperative plural second-person)
ἠγαπηκόντων (active imperative plural third-person)
ἠγαπηκέναι (active infinitive)
ἠγαπηκώς (active masculine participle)
ἠγαπηκυῖᾰ (active feminine participle)
ἠγαπηκός (active neuter participle)
ἠγαπήκειν (active first-person indicative singular)
ἠγαπήκη (active first-person indicative singular)
ἠγαπήκεις (active indicative second-person singular)
ἠγαπήκης (active indicative second-person singular)
ἠγαπήκει (active indicative singular third-person)
ἠγαπήκειν (active indicative singular third-person)
ἠγαπήκετον (active dual indicative second-person)
ἠγαπηκέτην (active dual indicative third-person)
ἠγαπήκεμεν (active first-person indicative plural)
ἠγαπήκετε (active indicative plural second-person)
ἠγαπήκεσᾰν (active indicative plural third-person)

Greek: αγαπώ (agapó), αγαπάω (agapáo)

Mariupol Greek: агапу́ (ahapú)

A Proto-Indo-European etymology as a compound *m̥ǵh₂-peh₂- (from *méǵh₂- (“great”) + *peh₂- (“to protect”), literally “[provide] great protection”) was proposed by Pinault in 1991.
Previous scholars have proposed non-Indo-European comparisons, including:
* Semantically, Semitic offers a match in Hebrew אָהַב (ʾāháḇ), and Arabic أَحَبَّ (ʔaḥabba). This Semitic, in turn, is suggested by Saul Levin to be a borrowing since the Hebrew has a variant עָגַב (ʿāḡáḇ), also Ugaritic deviates with the form 𐎀𐎅𐎁 (ảhb), but it must be admonished against this that the root ح ب ب (ḥ b b) is well-developed and well-used in Arabic.
* Friedrich Cornelius believed that ἀγαπάω was borrowed from the precursor of Abkhaz а-гәаԥха-ра (a-gʷapxa-ra, “to like, wish, love”), though a better match could be Adyghe гуапэ (gʷapɛ), Kabardian гуапэ (gʷapɛ, “nice, cordial, pleasurable”), all three containing the Northwest Caucasian word for “heart” (compare Adyghe гу (gʷu)).

cog

Hebrew אָהַב (ʾāháḇ)

ar-root

ح ب ب (ḥ b b)

cog

οὐκ ἀγαπᾷς […] μεθ’ ἡμῖν δαίνυσαι
ouk agapâis […] meth’ hēmîn daínusai

800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 21.289–290

(transitive, intransitive) to be pleased with, take pleasure in, like


βάρβαρος

βᾰ́ρβᾰρος (canonical)
bắrbăros (romanization)
βᾰ́ρβᾰρον (neuter)
βᾰ́ρβᾰρος (feminine masculine nominative singular)
βᾰ́ρβᾰρον (neuter nominative singular)
βᾰρβᾰ́ρω (dual feminine masculine nominative)
βᾰρβᾰ́ρω (dual neuter nominative)
βᾰ́ρβᾰροι (feminine masculine nominative plural)
βᾰ́ρβᾰρᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
βᾰρβᾰ́ρου (feminine genitive masculine singular)
βᾰρβᾰ́ρου (genitive neuter singular)
βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν (dual feminine genitive masculine)
βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν (dual genitive neuter)
βᾰρβᾰ́ρων (feminine genitive masculine plural)
βᾰρβᾰ́ρων (genitive neuter plural)
βᾰρβᾰ́ρῳ (dative feminine masculine singular)
βᾰρβᾰ́ρῳ (dative neuter singular)
βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν (dative dual feminine masculine)
βᾰρβᾰ́ροιν (dative dual neuter)
βᾰρβᾰ́ροις (dative feminine masculine plural)
βᾰρβᾰ́ροις (dative neuter plural)
βᾰ́ρβᾰρον (accusative feminine masculine singular)
βᾰ́ρβᾰρον (accusative neuter singular)
βᾰρβᾰ́ρω (accusative dual feminine masculine)
βᾰρβᾰ́ρω (accusative dual neuter)
βᾰρβᾰ́ρους (accusative feminine masculine plural)
βᾰ́ρβᾰρᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
βᾰ́ρβᾰρε (feminine masculine singular vocative)
βᾰ́ρβᾰρον (neuter singular vocative)
βᾰρβᾰ́ρω (dual feminine masculine vocative)
βᾰρβᾰ́ρω (dual neuter vocative)
βᾰ́ρβᾰροι (feminine masculine plural vocative)
βᾰ́ρβᾰρᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
βᾰρβᾰ́ρως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
βᾰρβᾰρώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
βᾰρβᾰρώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

Greek: βάρβαρος m (várvaros)

→ Arabic: بَرْبَر (barbar)

→ English: Berber

→ Old Armenian: բարբարոս (barbaros)

Armenian: բարբարոս (barbaros)

→ French: barbare

desc

→ Old Georgian: ბარბაროსი (barbarosi), ბარბაროზი (barbarozi)

Georgian: ბარბაროსი (barbarosi)

→ Latin: barbarus m, barbara f

→ English: barbarian

→ German: Barbar

→ Icelandic: barbari m

→ Polish: barbarzyńca m

→ Middle Persian: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬍𐬔 (barbarīg)

Persian: بربری (barbari)

→ Portuguese: bárbaro m, bárbara f

→ Russian: ва́рвар m (várvar)

Catalan: bàrbar m, bàrbara f

Onomatopoeic: from the perceived βαρ-βαρ (bar-bar) sounds incomprehensible to Ancient Greeks and spoken by foreigners. As an onomatopoeic construction, βαρ-βαρ is similar to modern English blah blah, but meaning gibberish, gabble; compare also babble from Proto-Indo-European *bʰa-bʰa-. Cognate to Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀞𐀫 (pa-pa-ro) and Sanskrit बर्बर (barbara, “barbarian, non-Aryan, stammering, blockhead”).
Possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *balb-, *balbal- (“tongue-tied”). Compare with Latin balbus (“stammering, stuttering”), Russian болтать (boltatʹ, “to chatter, babble”) and балабол(“over-talkative”, chatterbox), Lithuanian balbė́ti (“to talk, babble”), Sanskrit बल्बला (balbalā, “stammering”), Albanian belbët (“stammering”).
For the semantic development, compare Arabic عَجَم (ʕajam, “non-Arab; Persian”), from the root ع ج م (ʕ j m), referring to people who speak unclearly, or Proto-Slavic *němьcь (“non-Slav, German”), from *němъ (“mute”).

ar-root

ع ج م (ʕ j m)

noncog

Καὶ λέγεται δεηθῆναι ἡ Κίλισσα Κύρου ἐπιδεῖξαι τὸ στράτευμα αὐτῇ: βουλόμενος οὖν ἐπιδεῖξαι ἐξέτασιν ποιεῖται ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τῶν Ἑλλήνων καὶ τῶν βαρβάρων.

430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.2.14

And it is said that the Cilician [queen] asked Cyrus to show her his troops. So since he wanted to show them to her, he held a review of the Greeks and Persians in the field.

Kaì légetai deēthênai hē Kílissa Kúrou epideîxai tò stráteuma autêi: boulómenos oûn epideîxai exétasin poieîtai en tôi pedíōi tôn Hellḗnōn kaì tôn barbárōn.

non-Greek-speaking, foreign
(in the plural) non-Greek peoples
Medes or Persians

non-Greek-speaking, foreign
non-Greek peoples
Medes or Persians


ποιητής

grc-noun

ποιητής • (poiētḗs) m (genitive ποιητοῦ); first declension

poiētḗs (romanization)
ποιητοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ποιητής (nominative singular)
τὼ ποιητᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ ποιηταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ποιητοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ποιηταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ποιητῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ποιητῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ποιηταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ποιηταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ποιητήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ποιητᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ποιητᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ποιητᾰ́ (singular vocative)
ποιητᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ποιηταί (plural vocative)
ὁ ποιητής (nominative singular)
τὼ ποιητᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ ποιηταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ποιητέω (genitive singular)
ποιητῶ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ποιηταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ποιητέων (genitive plural)
ποιητῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ποιητῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ποιηταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖσῐ (dative plural)
τοῖσῐν ποιητῇσῐ (dative plural)
ποιητῇσῐν (dative plural)
toîsĭ poiētêisĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭ poiētêisĭn (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭ (dative plural)
toîsĭnĭn (dative plural)
τὸν ποιητήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ποιητᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ποιητᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ποιητᾰ́ (singular vocative)
ποιητᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ποιηταί (plural vocative)

Greek: ποιητής m (poiitís)

Hebrew: פִּיּוּט m (piyút) (see there for further descendants)

Latin: poēta m (see there for further descendants)

desc

Russian: поэ́т m (poét), пии́та (piíta), пии́т (piít)

From ποιέω (poiéō, to make) + -της (-tēs, “-er”, masculine agentive suffix).


διδάσκαλος

grc-noun

δῐδᾰ́σκᾰλος • (dĭdắskălos) m or f (genitive δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λου); second declension

δῐδᾰ́σκᾰλος (canonical)
dĭdắskălos (romanization)
δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λου (genitive)
ὁ (nominative singular)
ἡ δῐδᾰ́σκᾰλος (nominative singular)
τὼ δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λω (dual nominative)
οἱ (nominative plural)
αἱ δῐδᾰ́σκᾰλοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ (genitive singular)
τῆς δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λου (genitive singular)
τοῖν δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λων (genitive plural)
τῷ (dative singular)
τῇ δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς (dative plural)
ταῖς δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λοις (dative plural)
τὸν (accusative singular)
τὴν δῐδᾰ́σκᾰλον (accusative singular)
τὼ δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λω (accusative dual)
τοὺς (accusative plural)
τᾱ̀ς δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λους (accusative plural)
δῐδᾰ́σκᾰλε (singular vocative)
δῐδᾰσκᾰ́λω (dual vocative)
δῐδᾰ́σκᾰλοι (plural vocative)

Greek: δάσκαλος (dáskalos)

→ Albanian: dhaskal

From διδάσκω (didáskō, “to teach”). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀇𐀅𐀏𐀩 (di-da-ka-re).


θρόνος

θρόνος • (thrónos) m (genitive θρόνου); second declension

thrónos (romanization)
θρόνου (genitive)
ὁ θρόνος (nominative singular)
τὼ θρόνω (dual nominative)
οἱ θρόνοι (nominative plural)
τοῦ θρόνου (genitive singular)
τοῖν θρόνοιν (dual genitive)
τῶν θρόνων (genitive plural)
τῷ θρόνῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν θρόνοιν (dative dual)
τοῖς θρόνοις (dative plural)
τὸν θρόνον (accusative singular)
τὼ θρόνω (accusative dual)
τοὺς θρόνους (accusative plural)
θρόνε (singular vocative)
θρόνω (dual vocative)
θρόνοι (plural vocative)

Greek: θρόνος (thrónos)

→ Aramaic: תְּרוֹנוֹס (ṭronos)

→ Coptic: ⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ (thronos)

→ Latin: thronus (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: трон m (tron)

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”), but this root presents a number of problems, such as the lack of the suffix *-onos in Proto-Indo-European, the lack of any words meaning "chair" from this root in any other Indo-European languages, and the lack of any definite Greek descendants from the root itself. Comparisons to θρᾶνος (thrânos, “bench”) and θρῆνυς (thrênus, “footstool”) are also improbable, due to lack of evidence of their supposed shared root *dʰerh₂-. Due to the suffix -όνος usually being indicative of a Pre-Greek word (as in χρόνος (khrónos), Κρόνος (Krónos)), Beekes suggests that this could be the case for θρόνος (thrónos) as well.

τά που καὶ Ζηνὸς ἐπὶ θρόνον ἄγαγε φάμα

...which Rumour may well have carried up to the throne of Zeus.

tá pou kaì Zēnòs epì thrónon ágage pháma


ἥλιος

ἥλῐος • (hḗlĭos) m (genitive ἡλῐ́ου); second declension

ἥλῐος (canonical)
hḗlĭos (romanization)
ἡλῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ ἥλῐος (nominative singular)
τοῦ ἡλῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τῷ ἡλῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τὸν ἥλῐον (accusative singular)
ἥλῐε (singular vocative)

Greek: ήλιος (ílios)

Italiot Greek: ilio

Mariupol Greek: и́люс (íljus)

→ Sanskrit: हेलि (heli)

From Proto-Hellenic *hāwélios, from a pre-Hellenic or later Proto-Indo-European *sāwélios, from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic слъньцє (slŭnĭce), Latin sol, Sanskrit सूर (sūra) and सूर्य (sūrya) and स्वर् (svar), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭 (huuar), Persian خور (xwar).


ὑποκριτής

ῠ̔ποκρῐτής • (hŭpokrĭtḗs) m (genitive ῠ̔ποκρῐτοῦ); first declension

ῠ̔ποκρῐτής (canonical)
hŭpokrĭtḗs (romanization)
ῠ̔ποκρῐτοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ῠ̔ποκρῐτής (nominative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔ποκρῐτᾱ́ (dual nominative)
οἱ ῠ̔ποκρῐταί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ῠ̔ποκρῐτοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔ποκρῐταῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ῠ̔ποκρῐτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ῠ̔ποκρῐτῇ (dative singular)
τοῖν ῠ̔ποκρῐταῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ῠ̔ποκρῐταῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ῠ̔ποκρῐτήν (accusative singular)
τὼ ῠ̔ποκρῐτᾱ́ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ῠ̔ποκρῐτᾱ́ς (accusative plural)
ῠ̔ποκρῐτᾰ́ (singular vocative)
ῠ̔ποκρῐτᾱ́ (dual vocative)
ῠ̔ποκρῐταί (plural vocative)

desctree

Greek: υποκριτής (ypokritís)
→ Aromanian: ipucrit.

Latin: hypocrita
→ Catalan: hipòcrita
→ French: hypocrite
→ Romanian: ipocrit.
→ Italian: ipocrita
→ Portuguese: hipócrita
→ Spanish: hipócrita

desc

→ Old Church Slavonic: ѵпокри́тъ (üpokrítŭ)

→ Russian: ипокри́т (ipokrít)

From ὑποκρίνομαι (hupokrínomai, “to play a part on stage”) + -τής (-tḗs).

suffix

(figurative) pretender, dissembler, hypocrite

stage actor
pretender, dissembler, hypocrite


κλέπτης

grc-noun

κλέπτης • (kléptēs) m (genitive κλέπτου); first declension

kléptēs (romanization)
κλέπτου (genitive)
ὁ κλέπτης (nominative singular)
τὼ κλέπτᾱ (dual nominative)
οἱ κλέπται (nominative plural)
τοῦ κλέπτου (genitive singular)
τοῖν κλέπταιν (dual genitive)
τῶν κλεπτῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κλέπτῃ (dative singular)
τοῖν κλέπταιν (dative dual)
τοῖς κλέπταις (dative plural)
τὸν κλέπτην (accusative singular)
τὼ κλέπτᾱ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κλέπτᾱς (accusative plural)
κλέπτᾰ (singular vocative)
κλέπτᾱ (dual vocative)
κλέπται (plural vocative)

English: klepton

From κλεπ-, the root of κλέπτω (kléptō, “I steal”), + -της (-tēs, masculine agentive suffix).


ἀγρός

grc-noun

ᾰ̓γρός • (ăgrós) m (genitive ᾰ̓γροῦ); second declension

ᾰ̓γρός (canonical)
ăgrós (romanization)
ᾰ̓γροῦ (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓γρός (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γρώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓γροί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓γροῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γροῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓γρῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓γρῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓γροῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓γροῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓γρόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓γρώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓γρούς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓γρέ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓γρώ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓γροί (plural vocative)

Greek: αγρός m (agrós, “field”)

From Proto-Hellenic *agrós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵros. Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀒𐀫 (a-ko-ro), Latin ager, Sanskrit अज्र (ájra) and Old English æcer (English acre).


βίος

βῐ́ος • (bĭ́os) m (genitive βῐ́ου); second declension

βῐ́ος (canonical)
bĭ́os (romanization)
βῐ́ου (genitive)
ὁ βῐ́ος (nominative singular)
τὼ βῐ́ω (dual nominative)
οἱ βῐ́οι (nominative plural)
τοῦ βῐ́ου (genitive singular)
τοῖν βῐ́οιν (dual genitive)
τῶν βῐ́ων (genitive plural)
τῷ βῐ́ῳ (dative singular)
τοῖν βῐ́οιν (dative dual)
τοῖς βῐ́οις (dative plural)
τὸν βῐ́ον (accusative singular)
τὼ βῐ́ω (accusative dual)
τοὺς βῐ́ους (accusative plural)
βῐ́ε (singular vocative)
βῐ́ω (dual vocative)
βῐ́οι (plural vocative)

→ English: bio-

Greek: βίος (víos)

Coptic: ⲃⲓⲟⲥ (bios)

Norwegian Bokmål: bio-

Either from Proto-Hellenic *gʷīwos, from *gʷih₃wós (“alive”), and cognate with Old English cwic (English quick), Latin vīvus, and Old Church Slavonic живъ (živŭ); or a syncope of βίοτος (bíotos).
In either case, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”), whence also ζωός (zōós) and ζῷον (zôion), and cognate with Old Church Slavonic жити (žiti), Sanskrit जीवति (jīvati), Latin vīvō, Old Armenian կեամ (keam).

der

life (often with a positive connotation: the good life)


ἀεί

grc-adverb

ᾱ̓εί or ᾰ̓εί • (āeí or ăeí)

ᾱ̓εί (canonical)
ᾰ̓εί (canonical)
āeí (romanization)
ăeí (romanization)

Greek: αεί (aeí)

From Proto-Hellenic *aiweí, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“lifetime, long time”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“vital energy, life”). Equivalent to locative case of αἰών (aiṓn), with or without the -ν.

der

τουτέων δὲ ἡ μὲν Ἄνθυλλα ἐοῦσα λογίμη πόλις ἐς ὑποδήματα ἐξαίρετος δίδοται τοῦ αἰεὶ βασιλεύοντος Αἰγύπτου τῇ γυναικί

Anthylla is a town of some reputation, and is especially assigned to the consort of the reigning king of Egypt at the time, to provide her shoes.

toutéōn dè hē mèn Ánthulla eoûsa logímē pólis es hupodḗmata exaíretos dídotai toû aieì basileúontos Aigúptou têi gunaikí

(for an indefinitely long period of time including a specific point in time (generally in the past) which is not the present time): at that time, at the time; back then


ἀδελφός

grc-noun

ἀδελφός • (adelphós) m (genitive ἀδελφοῦ); second declension

adelphós (romanization)
ἀδελφοῦ (genitive)
ὁ ᾰ̓δελφός (nominative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓δελφώ (dual nominative)
οἱ ᾰ̓δελφοί (nominative plural)
τοῦ ᾰ̓δελφοῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓δελφοῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν ᾰ̓δελφῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ ᾰ̓δελφῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν ᾰ̓δελφοῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς ᾰ̓δελφοῖς (dative plural)
τὸν ᾰ̓δελφόν (accusative singular)
τὼ ᾰ̓δελφώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς ᾰ̓δελφούς (accusative plural)
ᾰ̓δελφέ (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓́δελφε (singular vocative)
ᾰ̓δελφώ (dual vocative)
ᾰ̓δελφοί (plural vocative)

grc-decl

ᾰ̓δελφέ / ᾰ̓́δελφε

From Proto-Hellenic *əgʷelpʰós, equivalent to ἁ- (ha-, copulative prefix) + δελφύς (delphús, “womb”).

affix

Δαναός, ἀδελφὸς δ' ἐστὶ πεντηκοντάπαις.

Danaus, and he has a brother with fifty sons.

Danaós, adelphòs d’ estì pentēkontápais.


καρπός

grc-noun

κᾰρπός • (kărpós) m (genitive κᾰρποῦ); second declension

κᾰρπός (canonical)
kărpós (romanization)
κᾰρποῦ (genitive)
ὁ κᾰρπός (nominative singular)
τὼ κᾰρπώ (dual nominative)
οἱ κᾰρποί (nominative plural)
τοῦ κᾰρποῦ (genitive singular)
τοῖν κᾰρποῖν (dual genitive)
τῶν κᾰρπῶν (genitive plural)
τῷ κᾰρπῷ (dative singular)
τοῖν κᾰρποῖν (dative dual)
τοῖς κᾰρποῖς (dative plural)
τὸν κᾰρπόν (accusative singular)
τὼ κᾰρπώ (accusative dual)
τοὺς κᾰρπούς (accusative plural)
κᾰρπέ (singular vocative)
κᾰρπώ (dual vocative)
κᾰρποί (plural vocative)

→ Aromanian: carpo

→ Coptic: ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ (karpos)

Greek: καρπός (karpós)

Mariupol Greek: карпо́ (karpó)

→ Turkish: karpuz

→ English: carpo-

From Proto-Indo-European *kerp- (“pluck, harvest”), though debated whether via inheritance or borrowing from a different Indo-European branch due to the problematic α (a) in the Greek form. Compare Proto-Germanic *harbistaz (“harvest, autumn”), Proto-Slavic *čerpti (“to scoop, draw”) and Latin carpō (“to pick”), as well as Ancient Greek κείρω (keírō, “to cut off”).
Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀏𐀡 (ka-po).

cog

the product of something: children (fruit of the body), poetry (fruit of the mind), profit


μόνος

mónos (romanization)
μόνη (feminine)
μόνον (neuter)
μόνος (masculine nominative singular)
μόνη (feminine nominative singular)
μόνον (neuter nominative singular)
μόνω (dual masculine nominative)
μόνᾱ (dual feminine nominative)
μόνω (dual neuter nominative)
μόνοι (masculine nominative plural)
μόναι (feminine nominative plural)
μόνᾰ (neuter nominative plural)
μόνου (genitive masculine singular)
μόνης (feminine genitive singular)
μόνου (genitive neuter singular)
μόνοιν (dual genitive masculine)
μόναιν (dual feminine genitive)
μόνοιν (dual genitive neuter)
μόνων (genitive masculine plural)
μόνων (feminine genitive plural)
μόνων (genitive neuter plural)
μόνῳ (dative masculine singular)
μόνῃ (dative feminine singular)
μόνῳ (dative neuter singular)
μόνοιν (dative dual masculine)
μόναιν (dative dual feminine)
μόνοιν (dative dual neuter)
μόνοις (dative masculine plural)
μόναις (dative feminine plural)
μόνοις (dative neuter plural)
μόνον (accusative masculine singular)
μόνην (accusative feminine singular)
μόνον (accusative neuter singular)
μόνω (accusative dual masculine)
μόνᾱ (accusative dual feminine)
μόνω (accusative dual neuter)
μόνους (accusative masculine plural)
μόνᾱς (accusative feminine plural)
μόνᾰ (accusative neuter plural)
μόνε (masculine singular vocative)
μόνη (feminine singular vocative)
μόνον (neuter singular vocative)
μόνω (dual masculine vocative)
μόνᾱ (dual feminine vocative)
μόνω (dual neuter vocative)
μόνοι (masculine plural vocative)
μόναι (feminine plural vocative)
μόνᾰ (neuter plural vocative)
μόνως (adverbial feminine masculine neuter)
μονώτερος (comparative feminine masculine neuter)
μονώτᾰτος (feminine masculine neuter superlative)

Greek: μόνος (mónos)

desc

Mariupol Greek: мо́нос (mónos), мо́ну (mónu)

From Proto-Hellenic *mónwos. For the ending, compare οἶος (oîos, “only, single”) from *óywos. The etymology of the initial element is uncertain, but it may come from a Proto-Indo-European *men- (“small”); compare Ancient Greek μανός (manós, “sparse, rare”), Armenian մանր (manr, “slender, small”), and possibly Proto-West Germanic *muniwu (“small fish, minnow”).