fa

gurab Alba fá hainm don chrích sin

2014 [1628–1634], Geoffrey Keating, edited by Beatrix Färber, David Comyn, Patrick S. Dinneen, Foras Feasa ar Éirinn, CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts:

Is leomhan Ó mBriun an bhean / siur ga seoladh [ar] a son, / síol na n-ealta fa díon damh, / síol glan nach ba creachta ar gcrodh.

1939 [c. 13th century], “Bean ós mhnáibh cáich Cailleach Dé”, in Lambert McKenna, editor, Aithdioghluim Dána, Dublin:

A lion-hero of the Í Bhriuin is this lady, a sister that guides them by her words; noble the offspring of that flock, my guardians (ensuring) that all I own be safe from harrying.

Obsolete form of ba (“was”) (past affirmative and relative of is).


os

From Old Irish úas, ós, from Proto-Celtic *ouxsos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewps-.


um

head

um (plus dative, triggers lenition, except of b, m, and p)

m (triggers-lenition)
p (triggers-lenition)
umam (first-person singular)
umamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
umat (second-person singular)
umatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
uime (masculine singular third-person)
uimesean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
uimpi (feminine singular third-person)
uimpise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
umainn (first-person plural)
umainne (emphatic first-person plural)
umaibh (plural second-person)
umaibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
umpu (plural third-person)
umpusan (emphatic plural third-person)

From Old Irish imb, from Proto-Celtic *ambi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”).


de

head

de (plus dative, triggers lenition, used only before consonant sounds)

díom (first-person singular)
díomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
díot (second-person singular)
díotsa (emphatic second-person singular)
de (masculine singular third-person)
desean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
di (feminine singular third-person)
dise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
dínn (first-person plural)
dínne (emphatic first-person plural)
díbh (plural second-person)
díbhse (emphatic plural second-person)
díobh (plural third-person)
díobhsan (emphatic plural third-person)


age

Ní raibh aoinne cloinne age n-a muinntir ach í agus do mhéaduigh sin uirrim agus grádh na ndaoine don inghean óg so.

1939, Peig Sayers, “Inghean an Cheannaidhe”, in Marie-Louise Sjoestedt, Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études; 270) (overall work in French), Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, page 193:

Her parents had no children but her, and that increased the esteem and love of the people for this young girl.

Munster form of ag (used before a possessive determiner)


dar

dar (before a vowel in the present/future darb, before a vowel in the past/conditional darbh)

in the present (before-vowel)
future darb (before-vowel)
in the past (before-vowel)
conditional darbh (before-vowel)
in the past (triggers-lenition)
conditional (triggers-lenition)

Fusion of do (“to, for”) or de (“from”) with the copular particle ar.


dar

From Old Irish dar, alternative form of tar. Doublet of thar (“over”).

dar Dia!

dar m'anam!


i

i (plus dative, triggers eclipsis, before the definite article s-, ins)

ins (triggers-eclipsis)
ionam (first-person singular)
ionamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
ionat (second-person singular)
ionatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ann (masculine singular third-person)
annsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
inti (feminine singular third-person)
intise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
ionainn (first-person plural)
ionainne (emphatic first-person plural)
ionaibh (plural second-person)
ionaibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
iontu (plural third-person)
iontusan (emphatic plural third-person)

From Old Irish i, from Proto-Celtic *eni (compare Welsh yn), from Proto-Indo-European *en (compare English in, Latin in, Ancient Greek ἐν (en)).

in

used before vowels in place of eclipsis; also used before bhur (pl), dhá, titles of books, films, and the like, and foreign words that resist mutation


ag

From Middle Irish oc, ac, ic, from Old Irish oc, occ. Compare Scottish Gaelic aig.

ag siúl

ag gáire

ag ithe

ag ól

particle used with the verbal noun to mark the progressive aspect:


ag

agam (first-person singular)
agamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
agat (second-person singular)
agatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
aige (masculine singular third-person)
aigesean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
aici (feminine singular third-person)
aicise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
againn (first-person plural)
againne (emphatic first-person plural)
agaibh (plural second-person)
agaibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
acu (plural third-person)
acusan (emphatic plural third-person)

Bhí sé go deas ag Cáit a dhul leat.
It was nice of Cáit to go with you.

Tá sé éasca agat sin a rá.

Tá go leor acu anseo.

Tá duine againn tinn.

an teach seo againne

na bróga sin agatsa

of (to indicate possession emphatically, used after a noun qualified by seo (“this”) or sin (“that”))

Tá teach ag Seán.
Seán has a house.

used with forms of bí (“to be”) to indicate possession in place of a verb meaning ‘have’

Tá an teach péinteáilte ag Seán.
Seán has painted the house.

used with forms of bí (“to be”) and a past participle to indicate a perfect tense

Tá Spáinnis agam.

Tá caint agam.

Tá ceol agam.

used with forms of bí (“to be”) to indicate ability to do something


as

asam (first-person singular)
asamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
asat (second-person singular)
asatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
as (masculine singular third-person)
as-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
aisti (feminine singular third-person)
aistise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
asainn (first-person plural)
asainne (emphatic first-person plural)
asaibh (plural second-person)
asaibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
astu (plural third-person)
astusan (emphatic plural third-person)

From Old Irish ass (“out of it”), the third-person singular inflected form of a (“out of”) (compare Scottish Gaelic à), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (compare Latin ex).

Tóg leabhar aníos as an mála.

Tá Cathal ag déanamh bríste as an éadach.

Cathal is making trousers out of the cloth.

Bíonn Máire á dhéanamh as fearg.
Máire does it out of anger


do

dom (first-person singular)
domsa (emphatic first-person singular)
duit (second-person singular)
duitse (emphatic second-person singular)
dó (masculine singular third-person)
dósan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
di (feminine singular third-person)
dise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
dúinn (first-person plural)
dúinne (emphatic first-person plural)
daoibh (plural second-person)
daoibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
dóibh (plural third-person)
dóibhsean (emphatic plural third-person)

From Old Irish do, from Proto-Celtic *do (“to, for”).

Tá sé do mo ghortú.

Bhí sé do d’fhiafraí.

Bhí sibh do bhur gcloí.

used with the possessive determiners mo, do, bhur to indicate the direct object of a verbal noun, in place of ag after a form of bí in the progressive aspect


go

From Old Irish co, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”). Cognate with German ge- (“with”) (collective prefix) and gegen (“toward, against”), English gain-, Spanish con (“with”), Russian ко (ko, “to”).

inh

Deir sé go bhfuil deifir air.

that (used to introduce a subordinate clause)

Go gcuidí Dia leo.

Go maire tú é!

Go raibh maith agat.

Thank you. (literally, “May you have good.”)

used to introduce a subjunctive hortative

Fan go dtiocfaidh sé.


go

D’ith sé go maith.

Shiúlaíodar go mall.

go feargach

Tá an t-anraith seo go maith.

Bhí a mac go hálainn.

Ní raibh an film go huafásach.

used to make predicative adjectives expressing an opinion or value judgment


acht

Obsolete spelling of ach (“but, only, merely”).


ar

head

ar (plus dative, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references, triggers eclipsis in a few fixed expressions)

ga-prep

references but lenition in qualified (triggers-no-mutation usually)
particularized references (triggers-no-mutation usually)
in a few fixed expressions (triggers-eclipsis)
orm (first-person singular)
ormsa (emphatic first-person singular)
ort (second-person singular)
ortsa (emphatic second-person singular)
air (masculine singular third-person)
airsean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
uirthi (feminine singular third-person)
uirthise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
orainn (first-person plural)
orainne (emphatic first-person plural)
oraibh (plural second-person)
oraibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
orthu (plural third-person)
orthusan (emphatic plural third-person)

From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:
# ar (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.
# for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸer (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).
# íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.
Cognates include Manx er and Scottish Gaelic air.
The pronunciation is taken from the third-person singular masculine inflected form air, although the spellings remain distinct in the standard language.

ar ball

a while ago; in a while, presently, by and by

ar bun

going on, happening, afoot; established, set up

ar fad

still; all, fully; always; quite, clean; altogether; away

de gheall ar

for the sake of; disposed to, intending to

Tá áthas orm.

Tá ocras orm.

Tá slaghdán orm.

Used with a variety of nouns to indicate feelings and minor medical conditions

ar crith

ar foluain

ar díol

Used with a verbal noun to indicate a state

ar éirí dom

upon (with a verbal noun plus personal form of do indicating the subject of the verb)

ar a theacht / arna theacht

ar a chríochnú dom / arna chríochnú dom

when I (had) completed it; upon my completion of it

upon (with a (“his, her, their”)—indicating the subject of an intransitive verb or the object of a transitive verb—plus verbal noun to indicate completion of an action)

Bhí orainn anailís a dhéanamh ar bhlúirí a bhí bainte as téacs.

We had to analyse fragments abstracted from a text.

(in conjunction with the verb bí) must, have to


ach

head

ach (plus nominative, triggers no mutation)

From Old Irish acht (“but, except”), from Proto-Celtic *extos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.


gos

gos an lá inniu

(archaic, except in fixed phrases) Alternative form of go (“until, up to”) (used before the definite article)


d'

Used before vowel sounds (including when f has been lenited to fh before a vowel) and also before fr- lenited to fhr-. The variant form used before consonants, do, is generally omitted but may be encountered in Munster Irish and in literary language.


le

le (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article leis)

liom (first-person singular)
liomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
leat (second-person singular)
leatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
leis (masculine singular third-person)
leis-sean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
léi (feminine singular third-person)
léise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
linn (first-person plural)
linne (emphatic first-person plural)
libh (plural second-person)
libhse (emphatic plural second-person)
leo (plural third-person)
leosan (emphatic plural third-person)

From a conflation of two Early Modern Irish prepositions:
# re (“to”), from Old Irish fri, from Proto-Celtic *writ- (compare Welsh wrth, prefix gwrth-), from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”) (compare Latin versus (“against”)).
# le (“with”), from Old Irish la, from Proto-Celtic *let-, from Proto-Celtic *letos (“side”) (compare leath, Welsh lled).

Is liomsa an hata.

Is le Cáit an peann luaidhe.
The pencil is Cáit’s; the pencil belongs to Cáit.

used in conjunction with the copula particle is and a noun to indicate possession

Is beag liom an cheist.

The issue is unimportant to me/in my opinion.

(in conjunction with the copula particle is and an adjective) in the opinion of, in the consideration of

rud le n-ithe

oiriúnach le n-ól

ró-the le n-ól

Cé mhéad atá le n-íoc?

to (indicating purpose; in this sense triggering eclipsis of vowel-initial verbal nouns)

le rud a dhéanamh


mar

Fan mar atá tú.


fara

fara (plus dative, triggers no mutation, before the definite article fairis)

faram (first-person singular)
faramsa (emphatic first-person singular)
farat (second-person singular)
faratsa (emphatic second-person singular)
fairis (masculine singular third-person)
fairis-sean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
farae (feminine singular third-person)
faraese (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
farainn (first-person plural)
farainne (emphatic first-person plural)
faraibh (plural second-person)
faraibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
faru (plural third-person)
farusan (emphatic plural third-person)

From early modern double preposition fa ré (“along with”), from fa and ré (from Old Irish fri). Compare the Connacht form frae (“along with”) and freisin (“too, also”).

is beag fara leanbh atá ann

bacach fara bheith críonna


tré

tré (plus dative, triggers lenition, before the definite article trés)


chum

chum (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)


fé

From Old Irish fo, from *wo, from Proto-Celtic *uɸo, from Proto-Indo-European *upo. Compare Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó), Middle Welsh go.

Munster form of faoi (“under; about, concerning”)


gan

gan (plus nominative, triggers no mutation in specific references but lenition in general references)

From Old Irish cen (“besides; without”), from Proto-Celtic *kina (“on this side of”); compare Middle Welsh am-gen (“otherwise”), Breton ken (“otherwise”).


fá

Ulster form of faoi (“about, concerning”)

fánarb corresponding to standard faoinarb

fánarbh corresponding to standard faoinarbh


a

From Old Irish a, from Proto-Celtic *esyo (the final vowel triggering lenition), feminine Proto-Celtic *esyās (the final -s triggering h-prothesis), plural Proto-Celtic *ēsom (the final nasal triggering eclipsis), all from the genitive forms of Proto-Indo-European *éy. Cognate with Welsh ei.


a

From Old Irish a (“that, which the relative particle used after prepositions”), reanalyzed as an independent indirect relative particle from forms like ar a (“on which, on whom”), dá (“to which, to whom”), or early modern le a (“with which, with whom”), agá (“at which, at whom”) when prepositional pronouns started to be repeated in such clauses (eg. don té agá mbíon cloidheamh (…) aige, daoine agá mbíonn grádh aco do Dhia). Compare the forms used in Munster instead: go (from agá (“at which”)) and na (from i n-a (“in which”), go n-a (“with which”), ria n-a (“before which”) and later lena (“with which”), tréna (“through which”)).

ar

used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs

Sin a bhfuil ann.

An bhfuair tú a raibh uait?

Íocfaidh mé as a gceannóidh tú.


a

A Dhia!

A dhuine uasail!

Tar isteach, a Sheáin.
Come in, Seán.

A amadáin!


a

a haon, a dó, a trí...

Séamas a Dó

bus a seacht


ins

(archaic or dialectal) Alternative form of i (“in”)


im

Chuireas an peann im phóca.

(Munster) Contraction of i mo (“in my”).


im

head

im (plus dative, triggers lenition, does not mutate b, m, or p)

m (triggers-lenition)
p (triggers-lenition)
im
n-im
him
t-im


ó

ó m (genitive ó, nominative plural óí, genitive singular in surnames uí, nominative plural in historical sept names uí)

ó (genitive)
óí (nominative plural)
in surnames uí (genitive singular)
in historical sept names uí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
ó (indefinite singular)
óí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a ó (indefinite singular)
a óí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an t-ó (definite singular)
na hóí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an ó (definite singular)
na n-óí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an ó (definite singular)
don ó (definite singular)
leis na hóí (definite plural)
nominative (indefinite)
ó (indefinite singular)
uí (indefinite plural)
í (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
genitive (indefinite)
uí (indefinite singular)
í (indefinite singular)
ó (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
uíbh (indefinite plural)
íbh (indefinite plural)
nominative (definite)
na huí (definite plural)
na hí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na n-ó (definite plural)
dative (definite)
na huíbh (definite plural)
na híbh (definite plural)

From ua, from Old Irish aue (“grandson, descendant”).


ó

From Old Irish ó, úa, from Proto-Celtic *au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away”).

bliain ó rugadh é


lé

lé (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article leis)


lé

Alternative spelling of léi: third-person singular feminine of le


ris

ris f (genitive singular rise, nominative plural rise)

rise (genitive singular)
rise (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
ris (indefinite singular)
rise (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a ris (indefinite singular)
a rise (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
rise (indefinite singular)
ris (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an ris (definite singular)
na rise (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na rise (definite singular)
na ris (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an ris (definite singular)
don ris (definite singular)
leis na rise (definite plural)

From Old Irish ris (“a piece of news, tidings, story, tale”).


ris

From Old Irish ris (“bare, exposed, uncovered”, adjective).


crosta

/ˈkrˠɔs̪ˠt̪ˠə/


crosta

head

crosta (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

/ˈkrˠɔs̪ˠt̪ˠə/


crosta

/ˈkrˠɔs̪ˠt̪ˠə/


seach

seach (plus nominative, triggers no mutation)

seacham (first-person singular)
seachamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
seachad (second-person singular)
seachadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
seacha (masculine singular third-person)
seachasan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
seacha (feminine singular third-person)
seachaise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
seachainn (first-person plural)
seachainne (emphatic first-person plural)
seachaibh (plural second-person)
seachaibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
seacha (plural third-person)
seachasan (emphatic plural third-person)

From Old Irish sech, from Proto-Celtic *sekʷo-, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“follow”). Cognate with Welsh heb (“without”).

seachas

besides, other than, rather than; compared to


fó

(dialectal) Alternative form of faoi (“under; about”)

fónarb corresponding to standard faoinarb

fónarbh corresponding to standard faoinarbh


má

má f (genitive singular má, nominative plural mánna)

má (genitive singular)
mánna (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
má (indefinite singular)
mánna (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a mhá (indefinite singular)
a mhánna (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an mhá (definite singular)
na mánna (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na má (definite singular)
dative (definite)
leis an má (definite singular)
don mhá (definite singular)
leis na mánna (definite plural)

From Old Irish mag, from Proto-Celtic *magos.

plain (expanse of land with relatively low relief), champaign (open countryside, or an area of open countryside)


chun

chun (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

ceathrú chun a trí

Chuaigh sí go dtí an sioppa chun téip dhúchta a cheanach.

She's gone to the shop in order to buy duct tape.

Tá mé chun é a fheiceáil amárach.

going to (as a predicate of bí, followed by a verb phrase)

Bhí mé chun ceist a chur ort.

Tá an linn snámha chun folmhaithe.

(quasi-passive) have to expressing a necessary or planned action (as a predicate of bí, followed by genitive of verbal noun)


ón

(dialectal) Alternative form of ó (“from, since”)


arna

From ar (“on, upon”) + a (“his, her, their”).

‘upon his/its’ / ‘when he/it’ (triggers lenition): arna shailleadh

upon its being salted, when it had been salted

‘upon her/its’ / ‘when she/it’ (triggers h-prothesis): arna hinsint

upon its being told, when it had been told

‘upon their’ / ‘when they’ (triggers eclipsis): arna ndearbhú i gcruatan

upon their being tested in hardship, when they were tested in hardship

used with a verbal noun to indicate completion of an action and its direct object


frae

frae (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis)

frum (first-person singular)
friom (first-person singular)
frum (emphatic first-person singular)
friomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
frat (second-person singular)
friot (second-person singular)
fratsa (emphatic second-person singular)
friotsa (emphatic second-person singular)
frois (masculine singular third-person)
freis (masculine singular third-person)
frois-sean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
freis-sean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
frae (feminine singular third-person)
fria (feminine singular third-person)
fréithe (feminine singular third-person)
froithi (feminine singular third-person)
friasa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
fréithese (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
froithise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
fruinn (first-person plural)
frinn (first-person plural)
froinn (first-person plural)
fruinne (emphatic first-person plural)
frinne (emphatic first-person plural)
froinne (emphatic first-person plural)
fraoib (plural second-person)
froibh (plural second-person)
fribh (plural second-person)
fraoib (emphatic plural second-person)
froibh (emphatic plural second-person)
fribhse (emphatic plural second-person)
frób (plural third-person)
freo (plural third-person)
freob (plural third-person)
freosan (emphatic plural third-person)
freobsan (emphatic plural third-person)

From early modern double preposition fa ré (“along with”), from fa and ré (from Old Irish fri). Compare fara (used in Munster) and froisin (“too, also”).


ós

before é, ea, í, iad and their emphatic equivalents

Alternative form of ó (used before plural article and before gach)


thar

thar (plus dative, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references)

references but lenition in qualified (triggers-no-mutation usually)
particularized references (triggers-no-mutation usually)
tharam (first-person singular)
tharamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
tharat (second-person singular)
tharatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
thairis (masculine singular third-person)
thairis-sean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
thairsti (feminine singular third-person)
thairstise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
tharainn (first-person plural)
tharainne (emphatic first-person plural)
tharaibh (plural second-person)
tharaibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
tharstu (plural third-person)
tharstusan (emphatic plural third-person)

From Old Irish tar, dar (“across, beyond”), from Proto-Celtic *ter, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂-. Cognate with Welsh tra; Latin trans, English through, Dutch door. Compare Scottish Gaelic thar and Manx harrish. Doublet of dar (“by”).

thar an teach


idir

idir (plus nominative in singular, dative in plural, triggers lenition except in certain constructions with distance, time, difference, or opposition)

difference (triggers-lenition)
opposition (triggers-lenition)
eadram (first-person obsolete singular)
eadramsa (emphatic first-person obsolete singular)
eadrat (obsolete second-person singular)
eadratsa (emphatic obsolete second-person singular)
idir é (masculine singular third-person)
idir eisean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
idir í (feminine singular third-person)
idir ise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
eadrainn (first-person plural)
eadrainne (emphatic first-person plural)
eadraibh (plural second-person)
eadraibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
eatarthu (plural third-person)
eatarthusan (emphatic plural third-person)

From Old Irish eter, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁enter (“between”). Cognate with Latin inter (“between”) and Sanskrit अन्तर् (antár, “between, within, into”). Compare Scottish Gaelic eadar.

cog

idir fhir agus mhná

Idir ann is idir as. Idir thuaidh is idir theas.

2014, Bruno Coulais (lyrics and music), “Amhrán Na Farraige [Song of the Sea]”:

Between in and between out. Between north and between south.

idir chait agus mhadraí

idir bheith ag caint agus chanadh

partly...partly..., half...half... (paired with agus (“and”))


trí

head

trí (plus dative, triggers lenition, before the definite article in singular tríd)

tríom (first-person singular)
tríomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
tríot (second-person singular)
tríotsa (emphatic second-person singular)
tríd (masculine singular third-person)
trídsean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
tríthi (feminine singular third-person)
tríthise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
trínn (first-person plural)
trínne (emphatic first-person plural)
tríbh (plural second-person)
tríbhse (emphatic plural second-person)
tríothu (plural third-person)
tríothusan (emphatic plural third-person)
trí
thrí
dtrí

From Middle Irish tri, tre, from Old Irish tri, tre, from Proto-Celtic *trei (compare Welsh trwy), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to pass through”).


tar éis

head

tar éis (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

tar m’éis (first-person singular)
tar m’éis-se (emphatic first-person singular)
tar d’éis (second-person singular)
tar d’éis-se (emphatic second-person singular)
tar a éis (masculine singular third-person)
tar a éis-sean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
tar a héis (feminine singular third-person)
tar a héis-se (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
tar ár n-éis (first-person plural)
tar ár n-éisne (emphatic first-person plural)
tar bhur n-éis (plural second-person)
tar bhur n-éis-se (emphatic plural second-person)
tar a n-éis (plural third-person)
tar a n-éis-sean (emphatic plural third-person)

leathuair tar éis a dó

tar m’éis

tar éis na scoile


faoi

fúm (first-person singular)
fúmsa (emphatic first-person singular)
fút (second-person singular)
fútsa (emphatic second-person singular)
faoi (masculine singular third-person)
faoisean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
fúithi (feminine singular third-person)
fúithise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
fúinn (first-person plural)
fúinne (emphatic first-person plural)
fúibh (plural second-person)
fúibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
fúthu (plural third-person)
fúthusan (emphatic plural third-person)

A generalization of the third-person masculine singular inflected form, from Old Irish foí, the third-person masculine singular inflected form of fo (“under”), from Proto-Celtic *uɸo, from Proto-Indo-European *upo. Compare Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó), Middle Welsh go. During the Early Modern Irish period, this preposition began to take over the meaning of Old Irish imm (“around, about”) (modern um), which had variant forms ma and lenited fa, bha that were probably conflated with faoi. Doublet of ó (“-wards”).

Up in the lighthouse, under twinkling stars, Bronach sings the Song of the Sea to her five-year-old son, Ben.

2015 [2014], Will Collins, translated by Proinsias Mac a' Bhaird, edited by Maura McHugh, Amhrán na Mara (fiction; paperback), Kilkenny, County Kilkenny, Howth, Dublin: Cartoon Saloon; Coiscéim, translation of Song of the Sea (in English), →ISBN, page 1:

a trí faoi a hocht

faoi dhó


os cionn

os cionn (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

os mo chionn (first-person singular)
os mo chionnsa (emphatic first-person singular)
os do chionn (second-person singular)
os do chionnsa (emphatic second-person singular)
os a chionn (masculine singular third-person)
os a chionnsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
os a cionn (feminine singular third-person)
os a cionnsa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
os ár gcionn (first-person plural)
os ár gcionn-na (emphatic first-person plural)
os bhur gcionn (plural second-person)
os bhur gcionnsa (emphatic plural second-person)
os a gcionn (plural third-person)
os a gcionnsan (emphatic plural third-person)

/ɔsˠˈcuːn̪ˠ/

/əsˠˈcɨ̞n̪ˠ/

Faoi dheireadh, bhí spéir gorm os ár gcionn.

Cad a chuirfidh tú os cionn na leapa?


os cionn

/ɔsˠˈcuːn̪ˠ/

/əsˠˈcɨ̞n̪ˠ/


timcheall

timcheall m (genitive singular timchill, nominative plural timchill)

timchill (genitive singular)
timchill (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
timcheall (indefinite singular)
timchill (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a thimchill (indefinite singular)
a thimchealla (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
timchill (indefinite singular)
timcheall (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an timcheall (definite singular)
na timchill (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an timchill (definite singular)
na dtimcheall (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an timcheall (definite singular)
don timcheall (definite singular)
leis na timchill (definite plural)


chuig

chuig (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

chugam (first-person singular)
chugamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
chugat (second-person singular)
chugatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
chuige (masculine singular third-person)
chuigesean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
chuici (feminine singular third-person)
chuicise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
chugainn (first-person plural)
chugainne (emphatic first-person plural)
chugaibh (plural second-person)
chugaibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
chucu (plural third-person)
chucusan (emphatic plural third-person)

Back-formation from chuige, from Old Irish cuci, the third-person singular masculine of co (“toward”) (modern go).


aindeoin

aindeoin (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)


roimh

romham (first-person singular)
romhamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
romhat (second-person singular)
romhatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
roimhe (masculine singular third-person)
roimhesean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
roimpi (feminine singular third-person)
roimpise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
romhainn (first-person plural)
romhainne (emphatic first-person plural)
romhaibh (plural second-person)
romhaibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
rompu (plural third-person)
rompusan (emphatic plural third-person)

From Old Irish rïam, the third-person singular masculine form of Old Irish ré, from Proto-Celtic *ɸrīs (compare Gaulish ris), from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Cognate with English first and Latin prīscus (“former”).

an duine a bhí romhat

roimh a sé a chlog


dair

dair f (genitive singular darach or dara, nominative plural daracha)

darach (genitive singular)
dara (genitive singular)
daracha (nominative plural)
nominative
dair (singular)
daracha (plural)
vocative
a dhair (singular)
a dharacha (plural)
genitive
darach (singular)
darach (plural)
dative
daraigh (archaic dialectal singular)
nominative (definite)
an dair (definite singular)
na daracha (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na darach (definite singular)
na ndarach (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an dair (definite singular)
leis an daraigh (archaic definite dialectal singular)
don dair (definite singular)
don daraigh (archaic definite dialectal singular)
leis na daracha (definite plural)
nominative (indefinite)
dair (indefinite singular)
daracha (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a dhair (indefinite singular)
a dharacha (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dara (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an dair (definite singular)
na daracha (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na dara (definite singular)
na ndaracha (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an dair (definite singular)
don dair (definite singular)
leis na daracha (definite plural)

PIE word
 *dóru
From Old Irish dair, from Proto-Celtic *daru, from Proto-Indo-European *dóru.


dair

dair (present analytic daireann, future analytic dairfidh, verbal noun dar, past participle dartha)

daireann (analytic present)
dairfidh (analytic future)
dar (noun-from-verb)
dartha (participle past)
dairim (first-person indicative present singular)
daireann tú (indicative present second-person singular)
dairir (indicative present second-person singular)
daireann sé (indicative present singular third-person)
sí (indicative present singular third-person)
dairimid (first-person indicative plural present)
daireann sibh (indicative plural present second-person)
daireann siad (indicative plural present third-person)
dairid (indicative plural present third-person)
a dhaireann (indicative present relative)
a dhaireas (indicative present relative)
a ndaireann (indicative present relative)
dairtear (autonomous indicative present)
dhair mé (first-person indicative past singular)
dhaireas (first-person indicative past singular)
dhair tú (indicative past second-person singular)
dhairis (indicative past second-person singular)
dhair sé (indicative past singular third-person)
sí (indicative past singular third-person)
dhaireamar (first-person indicative past plural)
dhair muid (first-person indicative past plural)
dhair sibh (indicative past plural second-person)
dhaireabhair (indicative past plural second-person)
dhair siad (indicative past plural third-person)
dhaireadar (indicative past plural third-person)
a dhair (indicative past relative)
ar dhair (indicative past relative)
daireadh (autonomous indicative past)
dhairinn (first-person habitual indicative past singular)
ndairinn‡‡ (first-person habitual indicative past singular)
dhairteá (habitual indicative past second-person singular)
ndairteá‡‡ (habitual indicative past second-person singular)
dhaireadh sé (habitual indicative past singular third-person)
sí (habitual indicative past singular third-person)
ndaireadh sé (habitual indicative past singular third-person)
sí‡‡ (habitual indicative past singular third-person)
dhairimis (first-person habitual indicative past plural)
dhaireadh muid (first-person habitual indicative past plural)
ndairimis‡‡ (first-person habitual indicative past plural)
ndaireadh muid‡‡ (first-person habitual indicative past plural)
dhaireadh sibh (habitual indicative past plural second-person)
ndaireadh sibh‡‡ (habitual indicative past plural second-person)
dhairidís (habitual indicative past plural third-person)
dhaireadh siad (habitual indicative past plural third-person)
ndairidís‡‡ (habitual indicative past plural third-person)
ndaireadh siad‡‡ (habitual indicative past plural third-person)
a dhaireadh (habitual indicative past relative)
a ndaireadh (habitual indicative past relative)
dhairtí (autonomous habitual indicative past)
ndairtí‡‡ (autonomous habitual indicative past)
dairfidh mé (first-person future singular)
dairfead (first-person future singular)
dairfidh tú (future second-person singular)
dairfir (future second-person singular)
dairfidh sé (future singular third-person)
sí (future singular third-person)
dairfimid (first-person future plural)
dairfidh muid (first-person future plural)
dairfidh sibh (future plural second-person)
dairfidh siad (future plural third-person)
dairfid (future plural third-person)
a dhairfidh (future relative)
a dhairfeas (future relative)
a ndairfidh (future relative)
dairfear (autonomous future)
dhairfinn (conditional first-person singular)
ndairfinn‡‡ (conditional first-person singular)
dhairfeá (conditional second-person singular)
ndairfeá‡‡ (conditional second-person singular)
dhairfeadh sé (conditional singular third-person)
sí (conditional singular third-person)
ndairfeadh sé (conditional singular third-person)
sí‡‡ (conditional singular third-person)
dhairfimis (conditional first-person plural)
dhairfeadh muid (conditional first-person plural)
ndairfimis‡‡ (conditional first-person plural)
ndairfeadh muid‡‡ (conditional first-person plural)
dhairfeadh sibh (conditional plural second-person)
ndairfeadh sibh‡‡ (conditional plural second-person)
dhairfidís (conditional plural third-person)
dhairfeadh siad (conditional plural third-person)
ndairfidís‡‡ (conditional plural third-person)
ndairfeadh siad‡‡ (conditional plural third-person)
a dhairfeadh (conditional relative)
a ndairfeadh (conditional relative)
dhairfí (autonomous conditional)
ndairfí‡‡ (autonomous conditional)
go ndaire mé (first-person present singular subjunctive)
go ndairead (first-person present singular subjunctive)
go ndaire tú (present second-person singular subjunctive)
go ndairir (present second-person singular subjunctive)
go ndaire sé (present singular subjunctive third-person)
sí (present singular subjunctive third-person)
go ndairimid (first-person plural present subjunctive)
go ndaire muid (first-person plural present subjunctive)
go ndaire sibh (plural present second-person subjunctive)
go ndaire siad (plural present subjunctive third-person)
go ndairid (plural present subjunctive third-person)
go ndairtear (autonomous present subjunctive)
dá ndairinn (first-person past singular subjunctive)
dá ndairteá (past second-person singular subjunctive)
dá ndaireadh sé (past singular subjunctive third-person)
sí (past singular subjunctive third-person)
dá ndairimis (first-person past plural subjunctive)
dá ndaireadh muid (first-person past plural subjunctive)
dá ndaireadh sibh (past plural second-person subjunctive)
dá ndairidís (past plural subjunctive third-person)
dá ndaireadh siad (past plural subjunctive third-person)
dá ndairtí (autonomous past subjunctive)
dairim (first-person imperative singular)
dair (imperative second-person singular)
daireadh sé (imperative singular third-person)
sí (imperative singular third-person)
dairimis (first-person imperative plural)
dairigí (imperative plural second-person)
dairidh (imperative plural second-person)
dairidís (imperative plural third-person)
dairtear (autonomous imperative)
daireadh (noun-from-verb)
dairthe (participle past)

(transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of doir


in aghaidh

in aghaidh (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

i m'aghaidh (first-person singular)
i m'aghaidhse (emphatic first-person singular)
i d'aghaidh (second-person singular)
i d'aghaidhse (emphatic second-person singular)
ina aghaidh (masculine singular third-person)
ina aghaidhsean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina haghaidh (feminine singular third-person)
ina haghaidhse (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár n-aghaidh (first-person plural)
inár n-aghaidhne (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur n-aghaidh (plural second-person)
in bhur n-aghaidhse (emphatic plural second-person)
ina n-aghaidh (plural third-person)
ina aghaidhsean (emphatic plural third-person)

From Middle Irish i n-agid (“against”, literally “in the face of”), from Old Irish agad (“face”).


i gcoinne

head

i gcoinne (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

i mo choinne (first-person singular)
i mo choinnese (emphatic first-person singular)
i do choinne (second-person singular)
i do choinnese (emphatic second-person singular)
ina choinne (masculine singular third-person)
ina choinnesean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina coinne (feminine singular third-person)
ina coinnese (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár gcoinne (first-person plural)
inár gcoinnene (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur gcoinne (plural second-person)
in bhur gcoinnese (emphatic plural second-person)
ina gcoinne (plural third-person)
ina gcoinnesan (emphatic plural third-person)


arae

arae (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

Alternative form of ar aoi (“in regard to, on account of”)


feadh

feadh m (genitive singular feadha, nominative plural feadhanna)

feadha (genitive singular)
feadhanna (nominative plural)
feadh
fheadh
bhfeadh

From Middle Irish fed, from Old Irish ed. Doublet of feá.


ar aghaidh

ar aghaidh (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

ar m'aghaidh (first-person singular)
ar m'aghaidhse (emphatic first-person singular)
ar d'aghaidh (second-person singular)
ar d'aghaidhse (emphatic second-person singular)
ar a aghaidh (masculine singular third-person)
ar a aghaidhsean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ar a haghaidh (feminine singular third-person)
ar a haghaidhse (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
ar ár n-aghaidh (first-person plural)
ar ár n-aghaidhne (emphatic first-person plural)
ar bhur n-aghaidh (plural second-person)
ar bhur n-aghaidhse (emphatic plural second-person)
ar a n-aghaidh (plural third-person)
ar a aghaidhsean (emphatic plural third-person)

From Old Irish ar agaid (“before, in front of”, literally “in front of the face of”), from Old Irish agad (“face”).

inh

ḱē n āc ə rø šē šin? əŕ ai ən cȧmpl̥ gāl̄də.

Where was that? Opposite the Protestant church.


ar nós

head

ar nós (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

ar mo nós (first-person singular)
ar mo nós-sa (emphatic first-person singular)
ar do nós (second-person singular)
ar do nós-sa (emphatic second-person singular)
ar a nós (masculine singular third-person)
ar a nós-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ar a nós (feminine singular third-person)
ar a nós-sa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
ar ár nós (first-person plural)
ar ár nósna (emphatic first-person plural)
ar bhur nós (plural second-person)
ar bhur nós-sa (emphatic plural second-person)
ar a nós (plural third-person)
ar a nós-san (emphatic plural third-person)

/əɾˠˈn̪ˠõːsˠ/

/əɾˠˈn̪ˠuːsˠ/

/əɾˠˈn̪ˠõːsˠ/


fré

Alternative spelling of frae (“along with”)


Dé

The translation of Silent Night into Irish) begins

Silent night, holy night
(literally, “Silent night, night of God’s Son”)

vocative/genitive singular of Dia (“God”)


le hais

le hais (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

le m’ais (first-person singular)
le m’ais-se (emphatic first-person singular)
le d’ais (second-person singular)
le d’ais-se (emphatic second-person singular)
lena ais (masculine singular third-person)
lena ais-sean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
lena hais (feminine singular third-person)
lena hais-se (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
lenár n-ais (first-person plural)
lenár n-aisne (emphatic first-person plural)
le bhur n-ais (plural second-person)
le bhur n-ais-se (emphatic plural second-person)
lena n-ais (plural third-person)
lena n-ais-sean (emphatic plural third-person)


i ngeall ar

i ngeall ar (plus dative, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references)

references but lenition in qualified (triggers-no-mutation usually)
particularized references (triggers-no-mutation usually)


mar gheall ar

mar gheall ar (plus dative, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references)

/mˠaɾˠ jɑːl̪ˠ ɛrʲ/


de gheall ar

de gheall ar (plus dative, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references)

/ə ˈjal̪ˠ ɛɾʲ/

Nʹi:lʹ mʹə ə jαL erʹ

Nʹi:lʹ mʹɛ ə jαL erʹ ə ꬶɔLʹ ʃerʹ

disposed to, intending to; (predicated with a form of bí (“to be”)) to want, to like


ar aba

ar aba (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

From Old Irish apa (“reason, cause”), verbal noun of *ad·ben.


de bhreis ar

de bhreis ar (plus genitive, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references)


timpeall

timpeall m (genitive singular timpill, nominative plural timpill)

timpill (genitive singular)
timpill (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
timpeall (indefinite singular)
timpill (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a thimpill (indefinite singular)
a thimpealla (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
timpill (indefinite singular)
timpeall (indefinite plural)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an timpeall (definite singular)
na timpill (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an timpill (definite singular)
na dtimpeall (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an timpeall (definite singular)
don timpeall (definite singular)
leis na timpill (definite plural)

/ˈtʲiːmˠpˠəl̪ˠ/

/ˈtʲiːmʲpʲəl̪ˠ/

/ˈtʲɪmʲpʲiəl̪ˠ/

From Old Irish timchell, verbal noun of do·imchella (“go around, surround”).


go dtí

go dtí (plus nominative, triggers no mutation, may take the dative in colloquial language)

ga-prep

The conjunction go (“until”) followed by an archaic subjunctive of tar (“come”). From Old Irish co tí (“until”, literally “until it come”), from co (“until”, nasalising conjunct particle) + tí (“come”, 3sg present subjunctive of do·icc).

compound

3sg present subjunctive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">do·icc</i>


in éadan

head

in éadan (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

i m'éadan (first-person singular)
i m'éadansa (emphatic first-person singular)
i d'éadan (second-person singular)
i d'éadansa (emphatic second-person singular)
ina éadan (masculine singular third-person)
ina éadansan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina héadan (feminine singular third-person)
ina héadansa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár n-éadan (first-person plural)
inár n-éadanna (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur n-éadan (plural second-person)
in bhur n-éadansa (emphatic plural second-person)
ina n-éadan (plural third-person)
ina n-éadansan (emphatic plural third-person)

in éadan an lae

at intervals of (followed by a singular noun referring to a period of time, preceded by the definite article)


faoi choinne

faoi choinne (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

faoi mo choinne (first-person singular)
faoi mo choinnese (emphatic first-person singular)
faoi do choinne (second-person singular)
faoi do choinnese (emphatic second-person singular)
faoina choinne (masculine singular third-person)
faoina choinnesean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
faoina coinne (feminine singular third-person)
faoina coinnese (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
faoinár gcoinne (first-person plural)
faoinár gcoinnene (emphatic first-person plural)
faoi bhur gcoinne (plural second-person)
faoi bhur gcoinnese (emphatic plural second-person)
faoina gcoinne (plural third-person)
faoina gcoinnesan (emphatic plural third-person)

Seachtmhain roimhe Shamhain chuaidh an Seónstanach siar ⁊ seacht ngearráin ⁊ péire cliabh air ghach gearrán fá choinne a chuid ime.

1906, E. C. Quiggin, “Áindrías an Ime”, in A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties, page 196:

A week before Samhain, Johnstone went back with seven geldings and a pair of panniers on each gelding for his butter.


de chóir

de chóir (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

de mo chóir (first-person singular)
de mo chóirse (emphatic first-person singular)
de do chóir (second-person singular)
de do chóirse (emphatic second-person singular)
dá chóir (masculine singular third-person)
dá chóirsean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
dá cóir (feminine singular third-person)
dá cóirse (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
dár gcóir (first-person plural)
dár gcóirne (emphatic first-person plural)
de bhur gcóir (plural second-person)
de bhur gcóirse (emphatic plural second-person)
dá gcóir (plural third-person)
dá gcóirsan (emphatic plural third-person)

Fan de mo chóir.

Tá sé ina chónai de chóir na cathrach.

Tá sé de chóir a bheith déanta.


dar le

dar le (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article dar leis)

dar liom (first-person singular)
dar liomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
dar leat (second-person singular)
dar leatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
dar leis (masculine singular third-person)
dar leis-sean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
dar léi (feminine singular third-person)
dar léise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
dar linn (first-person plural)
dar linne (emphatic first-person plural)
dar libh (plural second-person)
dar libhse (emphatic plural second-person)
dar leo (plural third-person)
dar leosan (emphatic plural third-person)

/d̪ˠaɾˠ lʲɛ/

dar le m’fhear céile


le haghaidh

le haghaidh (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

le m’aghaidh (first-person singular)
le m’aghaidhse (emphatic first-person singular)
le d’aghaidh (second-person singular)
le d’aghaidhse (emphatic second-person singular)
lena aghaidh (masculine singular third-person)
lena aghaidhsean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
lena haghaidh (feminine singular third-person)
lena haghaidhse (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
lenár n-aghaidh (first-person plural)
lenár n-aghaidhne (emphatic first-person plural)
le bhur n-aghaidh (plural second-person)
le bhur n-aghaidhse (emphatic plural second-person)
lena n-aghaidh (plural third-person)
lena n-aghaidhsean (emphatic plural third-person)


trasna

/ˈt̪ˠɾˠasˠn̪ˠə/

From Middle Irish tarsna, from Old Irish tarsno.


le hucht

le hucht (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

in front of, before, in anticipation of, for the purpose of


as ucht

as ucht (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

as m’ucht (first-person singular)
as m’uchtsa (emphatic first-person singular)
as d’ucht (second-person singular)
as d’uchtsa (emphatic second-person singular)
as a ucht (masculine singular third-person)
as a uchtsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
as a hucht (feminine singular third-person)
as a huchtsa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
as ár n-ucht (first-person plural)
as ár n-uchtna (emphatic first-person plural)
as bhur n-ucht (plural second-person)
as bhur n-uchtsa (emphatic plural second-person)
as a n-ucht (plural third-person)
as a n-uchtsan (emphatic plural third-person)

for the sake of, on account of, on behalf of, in return for


in ucht

in ucht (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

i m'ucht (first-person singular)
i m'uchtsa (emphatic first-person singular)
i d'ucht (second-person singular)
i d'uchtsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ina ucht (masculine singular third-person)
ina uchtsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina hucht (feminine singular third-person)
ina huchtsa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár n-ucht (first-person plural)
inár n-uchtna (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur n-ucht (plural second-person)
in bhur n-uchtsa (emphatic plural second-person)
ina n-ucht (plural third-person)
ina n-uchtsan (emphatic plural third-person)

From Old Irish i n-ucht (“in, at, on the bosom or breast of”).


de dheoin

head

de dheoin (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

de mo dheoin (first-person singular)
de mo dheoinse (emphatic first-person singular)
de do dheoin (second-person singular)
de do dheoinse (emphatic second-person singular)
dá dheoin (masculine singular third-person)
dá dheoinsean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
dá deoin (feminine singular third-person)
dá deoinse (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
dár ndeoin (first-person plural)
dár ndeoin-ne (emphatic first-person plural)
de bhur ndeoin (plural second-person)
de bhur ndeoinse (emphatic plural second-person)
dá ndeoin (plural third-person)
dá ndeoinsean (emphatic plural third-person)

/d̪ˠəˈjoːnʲ/

bə rī wȧ lm̥ fis ə ve ām, mā rińə šē ē dā jōn fēn.

1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect], volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 86:

I would very much like to know if he did it of his own accord.

of (someone's) own accord
of one's own accord

intentionally or willingly on the part of, of (someone's) own accord


in aice le

in aice le (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article in aice leis)

/əˈn̪ˠacɪlʲə/

beside, next to, near (in close proximity to)


maidir le

maidir le (plus nominative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article maidir leis)

maidir liom (first-person singular)
maidir liomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
maidir leat (second-person singular)
maidir leatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
maidir leis (masculine singular third-person)
maidir leis-sean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
maidir léi (feminine singular third-person)
maidir léise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
maidir linn (first-person plural)
maidir linne (emphatic first-person plural)
maidir libh (plural second-person)
maidir libhse (emphatic plural second-person)
maidir leo (plural third-person)
maidir leosan (emphatic plural third-person)

/ˈmˠɑdʲəɾʲ lʲə/

/ˈmˠadʲəɾʲ lʲə/

First attested in the early 19th century. Perhaps a univerbation of Middle Irish mad (“if it be”) + do leith (“with respect”) + re (“to”), a variant of mad i leith fri which gave mar le.

maidir lena

combined with the possessive determiner a

maidir lenár

combined with the first-person plural possessive determiner ár


ar chúla

head

ar chúla (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)


ar chúl

ar chúl (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

ar mo chúl (first-person singular)
ar mo chúlsa (emphatic first-person singular)
ar do chúl (second-person singular)
ar do chúlsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ar a chúl (masculine singular third-person)
ar a chúlsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ar a cúl (feminine singular third-person)
ar a cúlsa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
ar ár gcúl (first-person plural)
ar ár gcúlna (emphatic first-person plural)
ar bhur gcúl (plural second-person)
ar bhur gcúlsa (emphatic plural second-person)
ar a gcúl (plural third-person)
ar a gcúlsan (emphatic plural third-person)


i dtosach

i dtosach (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

/ə d̪ˠəˈsˠɑx/

/ə ˈd̪ˠɔsˠəx/


in éindí le

in éindí le (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article in éindí leis)

/ə n̠ʲeːn̠ʲˈdʲiː lʲə/

/ə ˈn̠ʲeːn̠ʲdʲiː lʲə/

/ə ˈn̠ʲeːn̠ʲdʲi lʲə/

From Old Irish i n-óindig la (“dwelling with”, literally “in one house with”)


timpeall is

timpeall is deich mbliana ó shin


tuairim

head

tuairim f (genitive singular tuairime, nominative plural tuairimí or tuairimeacha)

tuairime (genitive singular)
tuairimí (nominative plural)
tuairimeacha (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
tuairim (indefinite singular)
tuairimí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a thuairim (indefinite singular)
a thuairimí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
tuairime (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an tuairim (definite singular)
na tuairimí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na tuairime (definite singular)
na dtuairimí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an tuairim (definite singular)
don tuairim (definite singular)
leis na tuairimí (definite plural)

/ˈt̪ˠuəɾʲəmʲ/

From Old Irish túaraim, túairim (“likelihood”).


tuairim

tuairim (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

/ˈt̪ˠuəɾʲəmʲ/


i dtaobh

i dtaobh (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

i mo thaobh (first-person singular)
i mo thaobhsa (emphatic first-person singular)
i do thaobh (second-person singular)
i do thaobhsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ina thaobh (masculine singular third-person)
ina thaobhsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina taobh (feminine singular third-person)
ina taobhsa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár dtaobh (first-person plural)
inár dtaobhna (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur dtaobh (plural second-person)
in bhur dtaobhsa (emphatic plural second-person)
ina dtaobh (plural third-person)
ina dtaobhsan (emphatic plural third-person)

Nuair a bhí mé sé bliana d’aois, chonaic mé, uair amháin, pictiúr iontach i leabhar i dtaobh na foraise darbh ainm “Scéalta fíora.”

2007, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, translated by Breandán Ó Doibhlin, An Prionsa Beag, Dublin: Read Ireland, →ISBN, page 1:

Once when I was six years old, I saw a wonderful picture in a book about the forest called “True stories.”

18 September 2012, Foinse, Deir Mitt Romney go bhfuil vótálaithe Obama ‘ag brath ar an rialtas’ i bhfíseán a sceitheadh
Is cosúil go bhfuil Romney ag labhairt le grúpa deontóirí saibhre níos luaithe i mbliana san fhíseán agus é ag labhairt go hoscailte faoina straitéis le díriú ar an bpíosa beag den daonra nach bhfuil cinneadh déanta acu go fóill i dtaobh toghchán na Samhna ...

Romney appears to be talking to a group of rich donors earlier this year in the video, and he’s talking openly about the strategy of targeting the small portion of the population who still haven’t made a decision about November’s election ...


faoi cheann

faoi cheann (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

faoi cheann míosa

faoi cheann bliana

at the end of (a period of time), in a X’s time


de réir

de réir (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

de mo réir (first-person singular)
de mo réirse (emphatic first-person singular)
de do réir (second-person singular)
de do réirse (emphatic second-person singular)
dá réir (masculine singular third-person)
dá réirsean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
dá réir (feminine singular third-person)
dá réirse (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
dár réir (first-person plural)
dár réirne (emphatic first-person plural)
de bhur réir (plural second-person)
de bhur réirse (emphatic plural second-person)
dá réir (plural third-person)
dá réirsean (emphatic plural third-person)

/d̪ˠəˈɾʲeːɾʲ/

de réir m’fhoclóra


ar feadh

ar feadh (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

ar feadh trí lá

ar feadh tamaill, ar feadh píosa


ameasc

ameasc (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

Alternative form of i measc (“in the midst of, among”)


ar ceann

ar ceann (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

ar mo cheann (first-person singular)
ar mo cheannsa (emphatic first-person singular)
ar do cheann (second-person singular)
ar do cheannsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ar a cheann (masculine singular third-person)
ar a cheannsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ar a ceann (feminine singular third-person)
ar a ceannsa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
ar ár gceann (first-person plural)
ar ár gceann-na (emphatic first-person plural)
ar bhur gceann (plural second-person)
ar bhur gceannsa (emphatic plural second-person)
ar a gceann (plural third-person)
ar a gceannsan (emphatic plural third-person)


ar aoi

ar aoi (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

From Old Irish ar aí (“on account of, because of; as regards, in the matter of; for (the sake of)”).


amhail

head

amhail f (genitive singular amhla, nominative plural amhlacha)

amhla (genitive singular)
amhlacha (nominative plural)


aiges

aiges (plus dative, triggers no mutation, used before na (“the pl”))


ionsar

ionsorm (first-person singular)
ionsormsa (emphatic first-person singular)
ionsort (second-person singular)
ionsortsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ionsair (masculine singular third-person)
ionsairsean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ionsuirthi (feminine singular third-person)
ionsuirthise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
ionsorainn (first-person plural)
ionsorainne (emphatic first-person plural)
ionsoraibh (plural second-person)
ionsoraibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
ionsorthu (plural third-person)
ionsorthusan (emphatic plural third-person)

Chuaidh sé ionns’ ar an rígh ⁊ fuair sé é ar shuidheachán san gharrdha, ⁊ d’iarr sé airgiod air.

1894 March 17, Peadar Mac Fionnlaoigh, “An rí nach robh le fagháil bháis”, in Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge, volume 1:5, Dublin: Gaelic Union, pages 185–88:

He went unto the king, and found him seated in the garden, and he asked him for some money.


fairis

fairis (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

Alternative form of fara (used before the definite article)


in aice

in aice (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers)

triggers (determiner possessive with-genitive)
i m'aice (first-person singular)
i m'aicese (emphatic first-person singular)
i d'aice (second-person singular)
i d'aicese (emphatic second-person singular)
ina aice (masculine singular third-person)
ina aicesean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina haice (feminine singular third-person)
ina haicese (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár n-aice (first-person plural)
inár n-aicene (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur n-aice (plural second-person)
in bhur n-aicese (emphatic plural second-person)
ina n-aice (plural third-person)
ina n-aicesean (emphatic plural third-person)


i rith

i rith (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

i rith an lae


i ndiaidh

i ndiaidh (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

i mo dhiaidh (first-person singular)
i mo dhiaidhse (emphatic first-person singular)
i do dhiaidh (second-person singular)
i do dhiaidhse (emphatic second-person singular)
ina dhiaidh (masculine singular third-person)
ina dhiaidhsean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina diaidh (feminine singular third-person)
ina diaidhse (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár ndiaidh (first-person plural)
inár ndiaidhne (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur ndiaidh (plural second-person)
in bhur ndiaidhse (emphatic plural second-person)
ina ndiaidh (plural third-person)
ina ndiaidhsean (emphatic plural third-person)

From Middle Irish i ndiaid, a conflation of Old Irish i ndead, i ndïad and i ndegaid.


i lár

i lár (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

i mo lár (first-person singular)
i mo lársa (emphatic first-person singular)
i do lár (second-person singular)
i do lársa (emphatic second-person singular)
ina lár (masculine singular third-person)
ina lársan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina lár (feminine singular third-person)
ina lársa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár lár (first-person plural)
inár lárna (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur lár (plural second-person)
in bhur lársa (emphatic plural second-person)
ina lár (plural third-person)
ina lársan (emphatic plural third-person)


ar fud

ar fud (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

ar a fhud (masculine singular third-person)
ar a fhudsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ar a fud (feminine singular third-person)
ar a fudsa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
ar ár bhfud (first-person plural)
ar ár bhfudna (emphatic first-person plural)
ar bhur bhfud (plural second-person)
ar bhur bhfudsa (emphatic plural second-person)
ar a bhfud (plural third-person)
ar a bhfudsan (emphatic plural third-person)


ar son

ar son (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

ar mo shon (first-person singular)
ar mo shonsa (emphatic first-person singular)
ar do shon (second-person singular)
ar do shonsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ar a shon (masculine singular third-person)
ar a shonsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ar a son (feminine singular third-person)
ar a sonsa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
ar ár son (first-person plural)
ar ár son-na (emphatic first-person plural)
ar bhur son (plural second-person)
ar bhur sonsa (emphatic plural second-person)
ar a son (plural third-person)
ar a sonsan (emphatic plural third-person)

Disputed; there are two Old Irish nouns son, one meaning ‘sound; word, name’ (a borrowing from Latin sonus), and one meaning ‘prosperity, well-being’ (cognate with sona (“happy”) and sonus (“good fortune”)). The connection with sonus was rejected by the Lexique étymologique de l'irlandais ancien, its authors unconvinced on semantic grounds. The Dictionary of the Irish Language associates the preposition with the first of these, suggesting the original meaning ‘at the sound of, by the word/name of’. Dinneen’s and Ó Dónaill’s dictionaries, on the other hand, associate it with the second, suggesting the original meaning ‘for the well-being of’. Randall Gordon, in his study of Old Irish verbal nouns, associates the phrase with neither word and proposes his own etymology connecting it with Proto-Indo-European *senh₂- (“to reach, attain”), from which imresan (“contention”) is also derived. Cognate with Scottish Gaelic airson in any case.


ainneoin

[əˈnʲõːi̯nʲ]

From Middle Irish aindeóin (“unwillingness”) (from an- (“un-”) + deóin (“willingness”)).

only used as a preposition and in certain phrases; see Derived terms below


de bharr

head

de bharr (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

de mo bharr (first-person singular)
de mo bharrsa (emphatic first-person singular)
de do bharr (second-person singular)
de do bharrsa (emphatic second-person singular)
dá bharr (masculine singular third-person)
dá bharrsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
dá barr (feminine singular third-person)
dá barrsa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
dár mbarr (first-person plural)
dár mbarrna (emphatic first-person plural)
de bhur mbarr (plural second-person)
de bhur mbarrsa (emphatic plural second-person)
dá mbarr (plural third-person)
dá mbarrsan (emphatic plural third-person)


d'ainneoin

d’ainneoin (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

d’ ainneoin (canonical)
de m’ainneoin (first-person singular)
de m’ainneoinse (emphatic first-person singular)
de d’ainneoin (second-person singular)
de d’ainneoinse (emphatic second-person singular)
dá ainneoin (masculine singular third-person)
dá ainneoinsean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
dá hainneoin (feminine singular third-person)
dá hainneoinse (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
dár n-ainneoin (first-person plural)
dár n-ainneoin-ne (emphatic first-person plural)
de bhur n-ainneoin (plural second-person)
de bhur n-ainneoinse (emphatic plural second-person)
dá n-ainneoin (plural third-person)
dá n-ainneoinsean (emphatic plural third-person)

/d̪ˠəˈnʲuːnʲ/

/ˈd̪ˠan̠ʲoːnʲ/

/əˈjæn̠ʲænʲ/

/əˈɣæn̠ʲænʲ/


seachas

seachas (plus nominative, triggers no mutation)

rather than (instead of, in preference to)


dála

dála (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)


fearacht

fearacht (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)


ach amháin

ach amháin (plus nominative, triggers no mutation)

Ní raibh rud ar bith sa chupard ach amháin canna pónairí

There was nothing in the cupboard except a tin of beans.


thar éis

thar éis (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

thar m’éis (first-person singular)
thar m’éis-se (emphatic first-person singular)
thar d’éis (second-person singular)
thar d’éis-se (emphatic second-person singular)
thar a éis (masculine singular third-person)
thar a éis-sean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
thar a héis (feminine singular third-person)
thar a héis-se (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
thar ár n-éis (first-person plural)
thar ár n-éisne (emphatic first-person plural)
thar bhur n-éis (plural second-person)
thar bhur n-éis-se (emphatic plural second-person)
thar a n-éis (plural third-person)
thar a n-éis-sean (emphatic plural third-person)


taobh amuigh de

taobh amuigh de (plus dative, triggers lenition, used only before consonant sounds)

taobh amuigh díom (first-person singular)
taobh amuigh díomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
taobh amuigh díot (second-person singular)
taobh amuigh díotsa (emphatic second-person singular)
taobh amuigh de (masculine singular third-person)
taobh amuigh desean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
taobh amuigh di (feminine singular third-person)
taobh amuigh dise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
taobh amuigh dínn (first-person plural)
taobh amuigh dínne (emphatic first-person plural)
taobh amuigh díbh (plural second-person)
taobh amuigh díbhse (emphatic plural second-person)
taobh amuigh díobh (plural third-person)
taobh amuigh díobhsan (emphatic plural third-person)

taobh amuigh den teach

Tá sí ina seasamh taobh amuigh de dhoras mo sheomra codlata.


d'fhonn

d’fhonn rud a dhéanamh


i gcómhgar

i gcómhgar (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

i mo chómhgar (first-person singular)
i mo chómhgarsa (emphatic first-person singular)
i do chómhgar (second-person singular)
i do chómhgarsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ina chómhgar (masculine singular third-person)
ina chómhgarsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina cómhgar (feminine singular third-person)
ina cómhgarsa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár gcómhgar (first-person plural)
inár gcómhgarna (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur gcómhgar (plural second-person)
in bhur gcómhgarsa (emphatic plural second-person)
ina gcómhgar (plural third-person)
ina gcómhgarsan (emphatic plural third-person)


i gcomhgar

i gcomhgar (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

i mo chomhgar (first-person singular)
i mo chomhgarsa (emphatic first-person singular)
i do chomhgar (second-person singular)
i do chomhgarsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ina chomhgar (masculine singular third-person)
ina chomhgarsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina comhgar (feminine singular third-person)
ina comhgarsa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár gcomhgar (first-person plural)
inár gcomhgarna (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur gcomhgar (plural second-person)
in bhur gcomhgarsa (emphatic plural second-person)
ina gcomhgar (plural third-person)
ina gcomhgarsan (emphatic plural third-person)


i gcóngar

i gcóngar (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

i mo chóngar (first-person singular)
i mo chóngarsa (emphatic first-person singular)
i do chóngar (second-person singular)
i do chóngarsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ina chóngar (masculine singular third-person)
ina chóngarsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina cóngar (feminine singular third-person)
ina cóngarsa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár gcóngar (first-person plural)
inár gcóngarna (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur gcóngar (plural second-person)
in bhur gcóngarsa (emphatic plural second-person)
ina gcóngar (plural third-person)
ina gcóngarsan (emphatic plural third-person)

/əˈɡuːŋɡəɾˠ/


i mborr le

i mborr le (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article i mborr leis)


fríd

fríd f (genitive singular fríde, nominative plural frídí or frídeacha)

fríde (genitive singular)
frídí (nominative plural)
frídeacha (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
fríd (indefinite singular)
frídí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a fhríd (indefinite singular)
a fhrídí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
fríde (indefinite singular)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an fhríd (definite singular)
na frídí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
na fríde (definite singular)
na bhfrídí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an bhfríd (definite singular)
don fhríd (definite singular)
leis na frídí (definite plural)

From earlier frighid, originally the dative singular of frigh, from Middle Irish frige.


fríd

fríd (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

fríom (first-person singular)
fríomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
fríod (second-person singular)
fríotsa (emphatic second-person singular)
fríd (masculine singular third-person)
frítsean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
fríthe (feminine singular third-person)
frífse (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
frínn (first-person plural)
frínne (emphatic first-person plural)
fríbh (plural second-person)
fríbhse (emphatic plural second-person)
fríofa (plural third-person)
fríofasan (emphatic plural third-person)

From a conflation of fri and trí, of which the form before the definite article is tríd.


i dteannta

/ə ˈdʲɑun̪ˠt̪ˠə/

in a fix, in a difficult position; trapped


i dteannta

i dteannta (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

i mo theannta (first-person singular)
i mo theanntasa (emphatic first-person singular)
i do theannta (second-person singular)
i do theanntasa (emphatic second-person singular)
ina theannta (masculine singular third-person)
ina theanntasan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina teannta (feminine singular third-person)
ina teanntasa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár dteannta (first-person plural)
inár dteanntana (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur dteannta (plural second-person)
in bhur dteanntasa (emphatic plural second-person)
ina dteannta (plural third-person)
ina dteanntasan (emphatic plural third-person)

/ə ˈdʲɑun̪ˠt̪ˠə/


le cois

le cois (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

le mo chois (first-person singular)
le mo chois-se (emphatic first-person singular)
le do chois (second-person singular)
le do chois-se (emphatic second-person singular)
lena chois (masculine singular third-person)
lena chois-sean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
lena cois (feminine singular third-person)
lena cois-se (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
lenár gcois (first-person plural)
lenár gcoisne (emphatic first-person plural)
le bhur gcois (plural second-person)
le bhur gcois-se (emphatic plural second-person)
lena gcois (plural third-person)
lena gcois-sean (emphatic plural third-person)


i gceann

i gceann (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

I gceann tamaill thainic sé as teach giota beag eile.

1906, anonymous author, “Eóin Ua Míodhchán agus an Sionnach”, in E. C. Quiggin, A Dialect of Donegal (overall work in English), Cambridge University Press, page 215:

After a while he came another little bit out of the house.

I gceann cúpla oidhche do bhí sí ag faire go dian nó go dtí go bhfuair sí Máire Bhán i n-a codladh agus d’éaluigh sí go socair agus do shleamhnuigh an fáinne amach dá méir, agus do chuir i dtaisce é.

1939, Peig Sayers, “Inghean an Cheannaidhe”, in Marie-Louise Sjoestedt, Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (Bibliothèque de l'École des Hautes Études; 270) (overall work in French), Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion, page 195:

After a few nights, she watched carefully until she found Máire Bhán sleeping, and she slipped in quietly and stole the ring off her finger, and hid it.

in (after a period of time), after (at the end of a period of time)


do choinne

do choinne (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

do mo choinne (first-person singular)
do mo choinnese (emphatic first-person singular)
do do choinne (second-person singular)
do do choinnese (emphatic second-person singular)
dá choinne (masculine singular third-person)
dá choinnesean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
dá coinne (feminine singular third-person)
dá coinnese (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
dár gcoinne (first-person plural)
dár gcoinnene (emphatic first-person plural)
do bhur gcoinne (plural second-person)
do bhur gcoinnese (emphatic plural second-person)
dá gcoinne (plural third-person)
dá gcoinnesan (emphatic plural third-person)

appointed; intended; appointed; intended


fá choinne

fá choinne (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

fám choinne (first-person singular)
fám choinnese (emphatic first-person singular)
fád choinne (second-person singular)
fád choinnese (emphatic second-person singular)
fána choinne (masculine singular third-person)
fána choinnesean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
fána coinne (feminine singular third-person)
fána coinnese (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
fánár gcoinne (first-person plural)
fánár gcoinnene (emphatic first-person plural)
fá bhur gcoinne (plural second-person)
fá bhur gcoinnese (emphatic plural second-person)
fána gcoinne (plural third-person)
fána gcoinnesan (emphatic plural third-person)


do leath

Alternative form of do leith (“on the side of, in the direction of”)


thaire

thaire (plus dative, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references)

references but lenition in qualified (triggers-no-mutation usually)
particularized references (triggers-no-mutation usually)


taobh thiar de

taobh thiar de (plus dative, triggers lenition)

taobh thiar díom (first-person singular)
taobh thiar díomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
taobh thiar díot (second-person singular)
taobh thiar díotsa (emphatic second-person singular)
taobh thiar de (masculine singular third-person)
taobh thiar desean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
taobh thiar di (feminine singular third-person)
taobh thiar dise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
taobh thiar dínn (first-person plural)
taobh thiar dínne (emphatic first-person plural)
taobh thiar díbh (plural second-person)
taobh thiar díbhse (emphatic plural second-person)
taobh thiar díobh (plural third-person)
taobh thiar díobhsan (emphatic plural third-person)

/ˈt̪ˠiːpˠiəɾˠ dʲə/


faoi bhun

faoi bhun (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

faoi mo bhun (first-person singular)
faoi mo bhunsa (emphatic first-person singular)
faoi do bhun (second-person singular)
faoi do bhunsa (emphatic second-person singular)
faoina bhun (masculine singular third-person)
faoina bhunsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
faoina bun (feminine singular third-person)
faoina bunsa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
faoinár mbun (first-person plural)
faoinár mbun-na (emphatic first-person plural)
faoi bhur mbun (plural second-person)
faoi bhur mbunsa (emphatic plural second-person)
faoina mbun (plural third-person)
faoina mbunsan (emphatic plural third-person)

/fˠiːˈvˠʊn̪ˠ/


ionns' ar

ionns’ ar (plus dative, triggers lenition)


ar tí

From Middle Irish for tí (“in pursuit of, attempting to”).

inh

Nuair do chuir an bhuachaill a chos ar an phlainc, le dul tar an pholl, lúb sí síos san uisge, ar mhodh go robh an t‑ógánach ar tí bheith báithte, gur rinne sé é féin do choisreagadh, ⁊ ar an móimid d’éirigh an phlainc cómh daingean le Gaigeán, ⁊ léim an mada dubh síos ’san pholl as a bhealach.

When the boy put his foot on the plank to cross the pool, it bent down into the water, so that the youth was on the point of being drowned, till he crossed himself; and in a moment it became as firm as Gaigean, and the black dog jumped down into the pool out of his way.


dar leis

head

dar leis (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

Alternative form of dar le (used before the definite article)


'ar leis

’ar leis (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

(colloquial or dialectal) Alternative form of dar leis


nó go dtí

/n̪ˠuː ɡə ˈdʲiː/


os comhair

os comhair (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

os mo chomhair (first-person singular)
os mo chomhairse (emphatic first-person singular)
os do chomhair (second-person singular)
os do chomhairse (emphatic second-person singular)
os a chomhair (masculine singular third-person)
os a chomhairsean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
os a comhair (feminine singular third-person)
os a comhairse (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
os ár gcomhair (first-person plural)
os ár gcomhairne (emphatic first-person plural)
os bhur gcomhair (plural second-person)
os bhur gcomhairse (emphatic plural second-person)
os a gcomhair (plural third-person)
os a gcomhairsean (emphatic plural third-person)


i gcoinnibh

i gcoinnibh (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

im choinnibh (first-person singular)
im choinnibhse (emphatic first-person singular)
id choinnibh (second-person singular)
id choinnibhse (emphatic second-person singular)
ina choinnibh (masculine singular third-person)
ina choinnibhsean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina coinnibh (feminine singular third-person)
ina coinnibhse (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár gcoinnibh (first-person plural)
inár gcoinnibhne (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur gcoinnibh (plural second-person)
in bhur gcoinnibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
ina gcoinnibh (plural third-person)
ina gcoinnibhsean (emphatic plural third-person)


in éineacht le

in éineacht liom (first-person singular)
in éineacht liomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
in éineacht leat (second-person singular)
in éineacht leatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
in éineacht leis (masculine singular third-person)
in éineacht leis-sean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
in éineacht léi (feminine singular third-person)
in éineacht léise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
in éineacht linn (first-person plural)
in éineacht linne (emphatic first-person plural)
in éineacht libh (plural second-person)
in éineacht libhse (emphatic plural second-person)
in éineacht leo (plural third-person)
in éineacht leosan (emphatic plural third-person)

/əˈn̠ʲeːnʲəxt̪ˠ lʲə/

gau mē ə n-ēnəxt lȧt.

1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect], volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 94:


faoi smacht ag

faoi smacht ag (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

faoi smacht agam (first-person singular)
faoi smacht agamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
faoi smacht agat (second-person singular)
faoi smacht agatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
faoi smacht aige (masculine singular third-person)
faoi smacht aigesean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
faoi smacht aici (feminine singular third-person)
faoi smacht aicise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
faoi smacht againn (first-person plural)
faoi smacht againne (emphatic first-person plural)
faoi smacht agaibh (plural second-person)
faoi smacht agaibhse (emphatic plural second-person)
faoina smacht acu (plural third-person)
faoina smacht acusan (emphatic plural third-person)


faoi smacht

faoi smacht (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

faoi mo smacht (first-person singular)
faoi mo smachtsa (emphatic first-person singular)
faoi do smacht (second-person singular)
faoi do smachtsa (emphatic second-person singular)
faoina smacht (masculine singular third-person)
faoina smachtsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
faoina smacht (feminine singular third-person)
faoina smachtsa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
faoinár smacht (first-person plural)
faoinár smachtna (emphatic first-person plural)
faoi bhur smacht (plural second-person)
faoi bhur smachtsa (emphatic plural second-person)
faoina smacht (plural third-person)
faoina smachtsan (emphatic plural third-person)


ar mhaithe le

ar mhaithe le (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

ar mhaithe liom (first-person singular)
ar mhaithe liomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
ar mhaithe leat (second-person singular)
ar mhaithe leatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ar mhaithe leis (masculine singular third-person)
ar mhaithe leis-sean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ar mhaithe léi (feminine singular third-person)
ar mhaithe léise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
ar mhaithe linn (first-person plural)
ar mhaithe linne (emphatic first-person plural)
ar mhaithe libh (plural second-person)
ar mhaithe libhse (emphatic plural second-person)
ar mhaithe leo (plural third-person)
ar mhaithe leosan (emphatic plural third-person)

/ə ˈwãhə lʲɛ/

ar mhaithe lena anam

ə wα̃hə l′eihə hein′ ə n′i:s ə kαt krɔ:nαn
Ar mhaith léithe féin a níos an cat crónán. (conventional orthography)
[It is] for her own sake that the cat purrs.
(literally, “…makes a purr”)
N′i: gə ho̤mlα:n ə wα̃hə l′eʃ ə wUNtæʃt′ə αχ wα̃hə l′eʃ ə f′l′eiʃu:r
ní go hiomlán ar mhaithe leis an bhuntáiste ach [ar] mhaithe leis an phléisiúr (conventional orthography)

Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 6

not altogether for the sake of profit but also for pleasure


i dtrátha

i dtrátha (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

/əˈd̪ˠɾˠɑːhə/

/əˈd̪ˠɾˠahə/

i dtrátha an ama sin

i dtrátha a trí a chlog

i dtrátha na Cásca


in ionad

in ionad (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)


neamhdheoin

/ˈn̠ʲãujõːnʲ/

neamh- (“non-”) + deoin (“will, consent”); compare synonymous ainneoin with a different negative prefix. Quiggin considers it a reinterpretation of in ainneoin.


i gcomhluadar

head

i gcomhluadar (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

i mo chomhluadar (first-person singular)
i mo chomhluadarsa (emphatic first-person singular)
i do chomhluadar (second-person singular)
i do chomhluadarsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ina chomhluadar (masculine singular third-person)
ina chomhluadarsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina comhluadar (feminine singular third-person)
ina comluadarsa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár gcomhluadar (first-person plural)
inár gcomhluadarna (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur gcomhluadar (plural second-person)
in bhur gcomhluadarsa (emphatic plural second-person)
ina gcomhluadar (plural third-person)
ina gcomhluadarsan (emphatic plural third-person)

/əˈɡoːlˠuəd̪ˠəɾˠ/

/əˈɡɔːlˠuəd̪ˠəɾˠ/

Thaitin sé go mór liom a bheith ina chomhluadarsan.


de thairbhe

de thairbhe (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

de mo thairbhe (first-person singular)
de mo thairbhese (emphatic first-person singular)
de do thairbhe (second-person singular)
de do thairbhese (emphatic second-person singular)
dá thairbhe (masculine singular third-person)
dá thairbhesean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
dá tairbhe (feminine singular third-person)
dá tairbhese (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
dár dtairbhe (first-person plural)
dár dtairbhene (emphatic first-person plural)
de bhur dtairbhe (plural second-person)
de bhur dtairbhese (emphatic plural second-person)
dá dtairbhe (plural third-person)
dá dtairbhesean (emphatic plural third-person)

/əˈhæɾʲəvʲə/


i measc

i measc (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

n̄ā caiŕə mȧs nə døməxī, strōkfr̥ hū.

1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect], volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 97:

Don’t come amongst the thornbushes, you’ll get torn.


i dtreo

i dtreo (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

i mo threo (first-person singular)
i mo threosa (emphatic first-person singular)
i do threo (second-person singular)
i do threosa (emphatic second-person singular)
ina threo (masculine singular third-person)
ina threosan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina treo (feminine singular third-person)
ina treosa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár dtreo (first-person plural)
inár dtreona (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur dtreo (plural second-person)
in bhur dtreosa (emphatic plural second-person)
ina dtreo (plural third-person)
ina dtreosan (emphatic plural third-person)


diomaite de

diomaite de (plus dative, triggers lenition)

diomaite díom (first-person singular)
diomaite díomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
diomaite díot (second-person singular)
diomaite díotsa (emphatic second-person singular)
diomaite de (masculine singular third-person)
diomaite desean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
diomaite di (feminine singular third-person)
diomaite dise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
diomaite dínn (first-person plural)
diomaite dínne (emphatic first-person plural)
diomaite díbh (plural second-person)
diomaite díbhse (emphatic plural second-person)
diomaite díobh (plural third-person)
diomaite díobhsan (emphatic plural third-person)

apart from, besides, other than, except, except for, outside of


tréis

tréis (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)


fa ré

fa ré (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article fa ris)

From fa and ré (“towards, against”) (< Old Irish fri).

faré Find

ca. 1200?, Whitley Stone, Donnchadh Ó Corráin, editors, Acallam na Senórach, Corpus of Electronic Texts, published 1996, line 1306:

Fa ris sin smuainim ar an mbás

1616, Flaithrí Ó Maolchonaire, edited by T. F. O’Rahilly, Desiderius, otherwise called Sgáthán an chrábhaidh, Dublin, published 1941, line 1172, page 41:

⁊ nách minic do thuillis bheith thíos a bpianoibh ifeirnn fá ré cloinn na mallacht?

1616, Flaithrí Ó Maolchonaire, edited by T. F. O’Rahilly, Desiderius, otherwise called Sgáthán an chrábhaidh, Dublin, published 1941, lines 1342–3, page 46:

and didn’t you often deserve to be down in the torments of hell along with the wicked?

ór atá a chomhmór sin do ghrádh agom ar Thighearna go ccuirim fá ris an dá chéim-si an treas céim eile don ghrádh

1616, Flaithrí Ó Maolchonaire, edited by T. F. O’Rahilly, Desiderius, otherwise called Sgáthán an chrábhaidh, Dublin, published 1941, lines 6025–7, page 197:

because I have so much love for the Lord that I add, beside the two degrees, the third degree of love

Obsolete form of fara, frae (“along with, beside”).


ar chuma

ar chuma (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

ar mo chuma (first-person singular)
ar mo chumasa (emphatic first-person singular)
ar do chuma (second-person singular)
ar do chumasa (emphatic second-person singular)
ar a chuma (masculine singular third-person)
ar a chumasan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ar a cuma (feminine singular third-person)
ar a cumasa (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
ar ár gcuma (first-person plural)
ar ár gcumana (emphatic first-person plural)
ar bhur gcuma (plural second-person)
ar bhur gcumasa (emphatic plural second-person)
ar a gcuma (plural third-person)
ar a gcumasan (emphatic plural third-person)


ar scáth

ar scáth (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

/ɛɾʲˈsˠkɑːh/


in ainneoin

in ainneoin (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

i m’ainneoin (first-person singular)
i m’ainneoinse (emphatic first-person singular)
i d’ainneoin (second-person singular)
i d’ainneoinse (emphatic second-person singular)
ina ainneoin (masculine singular third-person)
ina ainneoinsean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina hainneoin (feminine singular third-person)
ina hainneoinse (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár n-ainneoin (first-person plural)
inár n-ainneoin-ne (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur n-ainneoin (plural second-person)
in bhur n-ainneoinse (emphatic plural second-person)
ina n-ainneoin (plural third-person)
ina n-ainneoinsean (emphatic plural third-person)

/ən̪ˠəˈnʲoːnʲ/

[ən̪ˠəˈnʲõːi̯nʲ]

/əˈn̪ˠan̠ʲoːnʲ/

/əˈn̪ˠæn̠ʲænʲ/


os coinne

os coinne (plus genitive or possessive determiner, triggers no mutation)

os mo choinne (first-person singular)
os mo choinnese (emphatic first-person singular)
os do choinne (second-person singular)
os do choinnese (emphatic second-person singular)
os a choinne (masculine singular third-person)
os a choinnesean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
os a coinne (feminine singular third-person)
os a coinnese (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
os ár gcoinne (first-person plural)
os ár gcoinnene (emphatic first-person plural)
os bhur gcoinne (plural second-person)
os bhur gcoinnese (emphatic plural second-person)
os a gcoinne (plural third-person)
os a gcoinnesean (emphatic plural third-person)

/əsˠˈkɪn̠ʲə/


i dtuilleamaí

i dtuilleamaí (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

i mo thuilleamaí (first-person singular)
i mo thuilleamaíse (emphatic first-person singular)
i do thuilleamaí (second-person singular)
i do thuilleamaíse (emphatic second-person singular)
ina thuilleamaí (masculine singular third-person)
ina thuilleamaísean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
ina tuilleamaí (feminine singular third-person)
ina tuilleamaíse (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
inár dtuilleamaí (first-person plural)
inár dtuilleamaíne (emphatic first-person plural)
in bhur dtuilleamaí (plural second-person)
in bhur dtuilleamaíse (emphatic plural second-person)
ina dtuilleamaí (plural third-person)
ina dtuilleamaísean (emphatic plural third-person)

/əˈdʲɪl̠ʲəmˠiː/

Níl mé ina thuilleamaí.


i bhfeighil

i bhfeighil (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)


fá dtaobh de

fá dtaobh de (plus dative, triggers lenition)

fá dtaobh díom (first-person singular)
fá dtaobh díomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
fá dtaobh díot (second-person singular)
fá dtaobh díotsa (emphatic second-person singular)
fá dtaobh de (masculine singular third-person)
fá dtaobh desean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
fá dtaobh di (feminine singular third-person)
fá dtaobh dise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
fá dtaobh dínn (first-person plural)
fá dtaobh dínne (emphatic first-person plural)
fá dtaobh díbh (plural second-person)
fá dtaobh díbhse (emphatic plural second-person)
fá dtaobh díobh (plural third-person)
fá dtaobh díobhsan (emphatic plural third-person)


faoi thuairim

/fˠa ˈhuːɾʲəmʲ/


cheal

cheal (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

Clipping of de cheal, from de (“from”) + cheal (“lack”).


cheal

cheal (followed by a negative interrogative particle nach or nár)

Cheal nach bhfuil a fhios agat é?

expresses surprise in questions or rhetorical questions


taobh thall de

taobh thall de (plus dative, triggers lenition)

taobh thall díom (first-person singular)
taobh thall díomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
taobh thall díot (second-person singular)
taobh thall díotsa (emphatic second-person singular)
taobh thall de (masculine singular third-person)
taobh thall desean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
taobh thall di (feminine singular third-person)
taobh thall dise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
taobh thall dínn (first-person plural)
taobh thall dínne (emphatic first-person plural)
taobh thall díbh (plural second-person)
taobh thall díbhse (emphatic plural second-person)
taobh thall díobh (plural third-person)
taobh thall díobhsan (emphatic plural third-person)

/ˈt̪ˠiːpˠal̪ˠ dʲə/


taobh thuas de

taobh thuas de (plus dative, triggers lenition)

taobh thuas díom (first-person singular)
taobh thuas díomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
taobh thuas díot (second-person singular)
taobh thuas díotsa (emphatic second-person singular)
taobh thuas de (masculine singular third-person)
taobh thuas desean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
taobh thuas di (feminine singular third-person)
taobh thuas dise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
taobh thuas dínn (first-person plural)
taobh thuas dínne (emphatic first-person plural)
taobh thuas díbh (plural second-person)
taobh thuas díbhse (emphatic plural second-person)
taobh thuas díobh (plural third-person)
taobh thuas díobhsan (emphatic plural third-person)

/ˈt̪ˠiːpˠuəsˠ dʲə/


ar íochtar

(prepositional, with genitive) underneath, beneath, below


thrí

thrí (plus dative, triggers lenition, before the definite article in singular thríd)

thríom (first-person singular)
thríomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
thríot (second-person singular)
thríotsa (emphatic second-person singular)
thríd (masculine singular third-person)
thrídsean (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
thríthi (feminine singular third-person)
thríthise (emphatic feminine singular third-person)
thrínn (first-person plural)
thrínne (emphatic first-person plural)
thríbh (plural second-person)
thríbhse (emphatic plural second-person)
thríothu (plural third-person)
thríothusan (emphatic plural third-person)


i dtortaobh le

i dtortaobh le (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis)

corresponding to the form i dtortaoibh le, as if spelled i dtúrtaoibh le

/ə d̪ˠuːɾˠˈt̪ˠiːvʲ lʲɛ/


i mbun

i mbun (plus genitive, triggers no mutation)

looking after (caring for, keeping safe)

keeping (maintaining the condition of; preserving)

engaged in (entering into, participating in)