bank

nl-noun

bank f (plural banken, diminutive bankje n)

banken (plural)
bankje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: bank

Javindo: bang

Negerhollands: bank, banki

→ Lokono: bañka

→ Papiamentu: banki

→ Sranan Tongo: bangi

→ Aukan: bangi

→ Caribbean Hindustani: bángi

→ Caribbean Javanese: bangi

→ Kari'na: bangi

→ Saramaccan: bángi

From Middle Dutch banc, from Old Dutch *bank, from Proto-West Germanic *banki, from Proto-Germanic *bankiz.

We hebben een nieuwe bank gekocht voor de woonkamer.

We bought a new couch for the living room.

Het bankje is perfect voor de kinderkamer.

The little sofa is perfect for the kids' room.

De banken in die winkel zijn erg comfortabel.

The couches in that store are very comfortable.


lekker belangrijk

(Netherlands) literally: nicely important (ironical), hence: not interesting or not important


kill

kill m (plural kills, diminutive killie n)

kills (plural)
killie (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Sranan Tongo kel (“guy, dude”).

Die kill draagt geeneens designer dan wil hij me komen chanten, wats met hem!?

2023 February 15, Prof. Soortkill, “Alles is ontworpen, maar niet alles is designer [Everything is designed, but not everything is 'designer']”, in NRC Handelsblad, retrieved 2023-08-11:

That guy doesn't even wear designer clothes, still he wants to flirt with me, what's wrong with him?


rechtsomkeert

(chiefly Netherlands) (only used with maken) rechtsomkeert maken: do an about-turn, do an about-face; turn on one's heels, make a U-turn


Maneblusser

Maneblusser m (plural Maneblussers, diminutive Maneblussertje n)

Maneblussers (plural)
Maneblussertje (diminutive neuter)

From maan (“moon”) + -e- + blusser (“extinguisher”), after an incident where the moon shining through fog was mistaken for a tower on fire. http://www.trabel.com/mechelen-intro.htm

af

(humorous, Netherlands) a native or inhabitant of the city of Middelburg, Netherlands


bahasa

Borrowed from Indonesian bahasa, ultimately from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā, “language”).

(colloquial, Netherlands) Indonesian language


re

re's (plural)
re'tje (diminutive neuter)

(Netherlands, music) re (second note of a major scale)


pata

nl-noun

pata c (plural pata's, diminutive pataatje n)

pata's (plural)
pataatje (diminutive neuter)
patta (alternative)

Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal
Meertens Institute

Possibly a clipping of patapedo (“canvas shoe”), of unclear origin; since the term is first attested in the 1930s, with the specific meaning 'canvas shoe', proposed derivations via Sranan Tongo from Portuguese sapato (“(leather) shoe”), Portuguese pata (“paw, foot”), or Yoruba bàta (“(leather) shoe”) seem unlikely. Cognate of Sranan Tongo pata (“canvas shoe”).

Velen die allang voetbalschoenen of pata pedo's, zoaals de jeugd de tennisschoenen noemt, onder den kapstok hadden gedeponeerd, voelden opnieuw den drang bij hen opkomen, om weer achter het leder te gaan lopen.

1923 August 3, “Snapshots.”, in Suriname, Paramaribo, page 2:

Many who deposited [their] football shoes or pata pedos, as the young people call tennis shoes, under the coat rack long ago, felt the urge to run after the leather [ball] again.

Wie zou er toe komen anders dan voor sportdoeleinden, een tweetal jaren terug met een pata, tennisschoen, uit te gaan. Zelfs het volk, dat het nimmer breed heeft gehad, dacht er niet aan deze schoenen te dragen. Thans, ziet men dat nood breekt wetten.

1933 December 5, “Een groep van onzer samenleving die ten onder gaat. [A group of our society that is going down.]”, in Suriname, Paramaribo, page 1:

Some two years back, who would have considered going out wearing plimsolls, tennis shoes, other than for athletic purposes? Not even the populace, which never had much to spend, thought of wearing these shoes. Now, one sees that necessity knows no law.

Pata's en rubberschoentjes in verschillende kleuren vanaf f 0,55 per paar.

1937 March 19, “Baťa Schoenenmagazijn. [Baťa Shoe store.]”, in De West (advertisement), Paramaribo, page 3:

Canvas shoes and little rubber shoes in various colours from ƒ0.55 per pair.

Het gevolg was dat Arnold werd gedagvaard om in de beklaagdenbank van het Derde Kanton te verschijnen. Deurwaarder Tedjai noemde zijn naam en gestoken in blauw ornaat (uniform der gedetineerden) opgesierd met een witte lint en een afstekende witte patta verscheen hij in de beklaagdenbank.

1974 October 10, “Arnold kreeg 8 mnd erbij na kappartij te Santo Boma [Arnold's sentencing augmented with 8 months after machete fight in Santo Boma prison]”, in Vrije Stem: onafhankelijk weekblad voor Suriname, page 4:

As a result, Arnold was summoned to appear in the dock of the Third Judicial District. Bailiff Tedjai called his name and decked out in blue attire (uniform of inmates), adorned with a white ribbon and contrasting white trainers, he appeared in the dock.

Een onderwijzeres uit district Nickerie legt uit hoe de verhoudingen in Suriname tegenwoordig zijn. Sommige ouders zijn stuitend rijk. 'Wij werken met leerlingen die niet praten over een patta (sportschoen) van vijfduizend gulden Surinaams, maar over een patta [van] vijftigduizend gulden.' Dat is omgerekend 230 Nederlandse guldens, evenveel als haar maandsalaris.

1997 April 28, “Wijdenbosch komt zelf luisteren naar wat er onder Surinamers leeft [Wijdenbosch himself comes to listen to what is on the minds of Surinamese people]”, in de Volkskrant, Amsterdam:

A teacher from Nickerie district explains how conditions are in Suriname today. Some parents are staggeringly rich. 'We work with pupils who don't talk about trainers worth five thousand Surinamese guilders, but trainers worth fifty thousand guilders.' Which works out to 230 Dutch guilders, equal to her monthly salary.

‘Guno, draag je pata snel, dan kom je. Kijk hier. Breng voor me naar AZ. Dit moet naar het lab gaan (...).’

2003, Marylin Simons, Carrousel, Paramaribo: Okopipi, →ISBN, page 29:

'Guno, quickly put on your sneakers, then come here. Look here. Take this to the university hospital for me. It has to go to the laboratory (...).'

(originally Suriname, slang in the Netherlands) canvas shoe, trainer, sneaker

(Netherlands, slang) synonym of schoen (“shoe)”)


limo

(Netherlands, informal) clipping of limonade


kek

nl-adj

kek (comparative kekker, superlative kekst)

kekker (comparative)
kekst (superlative)
kek (adverbial positive predicative)
kekker (adverbial comparative predicative)
het kekst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het kekste (adverbial predicative superlative)
kekke (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
kekkere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
kekste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
kek (indefinite neuter positive singular)
kekker (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
kekste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
kekke (indefinite plural positive)
kekkere (comparative indefinite plural)
kekste (indefinite plural superlative)
kekke (definite positive)
kekkere (comparative definite)
kekste (definite superlative)
keks (partitive positive)
kekkers (comparative partitive)

Negerhollands: kek

Borrowed from German keck. Doublet of kwiek.

Dick doet er niet aan mee. Geen kekke overhemden, geen moeilijke kapsels (al was dat over zijn schedel gekamde haar dat hij vroeger had ook een soort van hip, destijds), geen laklederen laarsjes en geen Only God Can Judge Me-tatoeage in zijn nek.

2016 February 19, Thijs Zonneveld, “De beige sjaal van Dick Advocaat is een statement”, in Algemeen Dagblad:

Dick does not go along with it. No flashy shirts, no difficult hairdo (although the hairstyle that he used to have, hair combed sideways, was also some kind of trendy, at that time), no glossy leather boots and no "Only God Can Judge Me" tattoos on his neck.

(Netherlands) eye-catching (visually pleasing in a hip or bold manner)

In feite is het verschil met bedelende zwervers niet heel groot, alleen zijn die meestal veel minder opdringerig en aanwezig. Een ander verschil is dat straatwervers vaak kekke meisjes en jongens zijn die bovendien zeggen dat je kapsel tof is en dat je een relaxt persoon lijkt.

2013 October 13, Sjoerd Hartholt, “Zo stoppen we de terreur van de straatwervers”, in HP/De Tijd:

In fact the difference with begging vagrants is not very large, but these are usually much less intrusive and prominent. Another difference is that street promoters are often cheeky girls and boys who moreover say that your hairstyle is swell and that you seem like a relaxed kind of person.

(Netherlands) sassy (bold and spirited; cheeky)


klok

nl-noun

klok f (plural klokken, diminutive klokje n)

klokken (plural)
klokje (diminutive neuter)
klokke (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: klok

Berbice Creole Dutch: klok

Jersey Dutch: klök

Negerhollands: klok, klock

→ Papiamentu: klòk, klok

→ West Frisian: klok

From early modern klokke, from Middle Dutch clocke, from Old Dutch *clocca, from Proto-West Germanic *klokkā, from Medieval Latin clocca, from Old Irish cloc, from Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”), ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. In Early Modern Dutch, too, klokke still referred primarily to a bell, which is the word's original meaning and from which sense the word klokkentoren (“bell tower”) for example derives; the sense clock is a relatively recent development.

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

zoals het klokje thuis tikt, tikt het nergens

(Netherlands, informal) watch, wristwatch


lekker

nl-adj

lekker (comparative lekkerder, superlative lekkerst)

lekkerder (comparative)
lekkerst (superlative)
lekker (adverbial positive predicative)
lekkerder (adverbial comparative predicative)
het lekkerst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het lekkerste (adverbial predicative superlative)
lekkere (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
lekkerdere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
lekkerste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
lekker (indefinite neuter positive singular)
lekkerder (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
lekkerste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
lekkere (indefinite plural positive)
lekkerdere (comparative indefinite plural)
lekkerste (indefinite plural superlative)
lekkere (definite positive)
lekkerdere (comparative definite)
lekkerste (definite superlative)
lekkers (partitive positive)
lekkerders (comparative partitive)

Afrikaans: lekker
→ English: lekker

Negerhollands: lekker

From Middle Dutch lecker, derived from the verb lekken (“lick”) (Dutch likken). Cognate to German lecker, Afrikaans lekker, Middle Low German lecker, Norwegian lekker, Swedish läcker and Danish lækker. More at lick.

Lekker weer!

Het badwater is lekker warm.

Ik ga zo lekker zwemmen.

(Netherlands) good, nice, pleasant, satisfying in a more generic sense

Een paar minuten nadat de klas klaagde, begon de docent zich ook niet lekker te voelen.

A few minutes after the class complained, the teacher also began to feel unwell.

(Netherlands, mainly with negative polarity) Healthy, well, in good health (not afflicted by illness)

Ben jij wel helemaal lekker, gore aap?

Are you out of your mind, you filthy ape?

De nieuwe onderzoeksassistente is een genie, maar volgens mij is ze niet zo lekker in haar bovenkamer.

The new research assistant is a genius, but I think she's not mentally well up there.

(Netherlands, informal) sound of mind, sane


hun

Likely a replacement of or based on dialectal Dutch hullie or a variant thereof, which is a contraction of hunlieden or hunlui, a compound of hun ("them") + lieden or lui (both meaning "men, people"), which then translates roughly into "them-people". Possibly reinfluenced by or confused with the possessive hun. This etymology explains why usage of hun occurs only when referring to people, never to objects. It's similar to dialectal zun often used colloquially in the Belgian province of Antwerp, which is a contraction of ze ("they") + hun ("them"), and which is also only used for people. Also compare Afrikaans hulle, which also stems from hunlui, but is now used also for things. For more information, see the article in the Dutch Wikipedia.

(proscribed, regiolectal, Netherlands) The nominative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: they (only referring to people)


rein

rein (comparative reiner, superlative reinst)

reiner (comparative)
reinst (superlative)
rein (adverbial positive predicative)
reiner (adverbial comparative predicative)
het reinst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het reinste (adverbial predicative superlative)
reine (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
reinere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
reinste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
rein (indefinite neuter positive singular)
reiner (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
reinste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
reine (indefinite plural positive)
reinere (comparative indefinite plural)
reinste (indefinite plural superlative)
reine (definite positive)
reinere (comparative definite)
reinste (definite superlative)
reins (partitive positive)
reiners (comparative partitive)

Afrikaans: rein

Negerhollands: rein

From Middle Dutch reine, from Old Dutch reini, from Proto-West Germanic *hrainī, from Proto-Germanic *hrainiz.


centimeter

nl-noun

centimeter m (plural centimeters, diminutive centimetertje n)

centimeters (plural)
centimetertje (diminutive neuter)

→ Caribbean Javanese: sènti

Borrowed from French centimètre. Equivalent to centi- + meter.


bus

bus f (plural bussen, diminutive busje n)

bussen (plural)
busje (diminutive neuter)

Petjo: bus

desc

→ Indonesian: bis (“letterbox, mailbox”)

From Middle Dutch busse, from Old Dutch *bussa, from Proto-West Germanic *buhsā. Doublet of buks (“shotgun”), box, and pyxis.

doublet

(dated, Netherlands) a voluntary sick fund, especially before the introduction of universal health care in the Netherlands in the 1940s


pot

nl-noun

pot m (plural potten, diminutive potje n)

potten (plural)
potje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: pot

Berbice Creole Dutch: poto

Negerhollands: pot, put, potji

→ Virgin Islands Creole: poty

Papiamentu: pòchi (from the diminutive)

Petjo: pot

→ Caribbean Javanese: pot

→ Indonesian: pot, poci (from the diminutive)

From Middle Dutch pot, from Old Dutch pot, from Frankish *pott, from Proto-Germanic *puttaz (“pot”). Cognate with English pot (“pot”).

(Netherlands, vulgar) loo, crapper (toilet)


zes

zes m or f (plural zessen, diminutive zesje n)

zessen (plural)
zesje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch ses, from Old Dutch ses, from Proto-West Germanic *sehs, from Proto-Germanic *sehs, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs.

(Netherlands, Suriname, education) the lowest passing grade, on a scale from 10 (highest grade) to 1 (lowest grade); D− (US)


pik

pik m (plural pikken, diminutive pikje n or pikkie n)

pikken (plural)
pikje (diminutive neuter)
pikkie (diminutive neuter)

From pikken. Compare the similar meanings in Scandinavian languages, e.g. Danish pik, Norwegian Bokmål pikk.

Laten we wat pik zuigen!

Hé pik, heb je vorige week nog rust gehad?

Hey mate, have you had any rest last week?


pop

pop f (plural poppen, diminutive popje n or poppetje n)

poppen (plural)
popje (diminutive neuter)
poppetje (diminutive neuter)

Berbice Creole Dutch: pubiki (from the diminutive form)

Petjo: pop

→ Indonesian: pop

→ Papiamentu: pòpchi, pouchi (Aruba), poptsje

→ Sranan Tongo: popki (from the diminutive form)

→ Aukan: pobiki

→ Caribbean Hindustani: popki

→ Kari'na: popiki

→ Saramaccan: pobiki

From Middle Dutch poppe, from Latin pupa; sense of “cocoon, pupa” from New Latin. The sense “guilder” derived from student slang as a reference to the image of the Dutch Maiden on guilders from 1694 until the early nineteenth century.


plastic

→ Caribbean Javanese: plastig, plèstig

(Netherlands, uncountable) plastic (synthetic polymer substance)


plastic

(Netherlands, countable, chemistry) plastic (specific type of synthetic polymer)


plastic

plastic (adverbial positive predicative)
plastic (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
plastic (indefinite neuter positive singular)
plastic (indefinite plural positive)
plastic (definite positive)
plastics (partitive positive)


import

import m (plural importen, diminutive importje n)

importen (plural)
importje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: impor

→ West Frisian: ymport

Back-formed from importeren or borrowed from English import.

(Netherlands, collective) a person or people who is/are not native to a city, village or region, but moved there from outside


Brabant

From Middle Dutch Brabant, from Old Dutch *Brācbant (attested in Latin as pāgus brācbatensis), from Frankish, a compound of Proto-Germanic *brēk-, *brekaną (“fallow, originally 'to break'”) + *bant-, *bantō, *banti (“district, region”), which could be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰonHdéh₂ (“beneficial, good”), from *bʰHdús.
The latter element is also found in other toponyms such as Oosterbant, Swifterbant and Teisterbant.


land

nl-noun

land n (plural landen, diminutive landje n)

landen (plural)
landje (diminutive neuter)
landt (alternative)
lant (alternative)

Afrikaans: land

Berbice Creole Dutch: alanda, landi

Negerhollands: land, lant, lan

Skepi Creole Dutch: land, lantta

→ Sranan Tongo: lanti (see there for further descendants)

>? Javanese: ꦭꦤ꧀ (lan)

From Middle Dutch lant, from Old Dutch lant, from Proto-West Germanic *land, from Proto-Germanic *landą, from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“land, heath”).

der

Het zijn twee verschillende uitspraken die vandaag door het gerechtshof achter elkaar zijn gedaan. Voor Aruba gaat het om het een zaak van Fundacion Orguyo Aruba en twee vrouwen tegen het Land Aruba. Voor Curaçao gaat het om een zaak van Human Rights Caribbean Foundation en twee vrouwen tegen het Land Curaçao.

2022 December 6, Oscar van Dam, John Samson, “Gerechtshof: lhbt’s mogen trouwen op Aruba en Curaçao [Appellate court: LGBT people allowed to marry in Aruba and Curaçao]”, in Caribisch Netwerk, retrieved 2022-12-14:

Today's rulings are two separate ones handed down by the appellate court back-to-back. For Aruba, it involves a case brought by Fundacion Orguyo Aruba and two women against the government of Aruba. For Curaçao, it involves a case brought by Human Rights Caribbean Foundation and two women against the government of Curaçao.

(Netherlands, Antilles) a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; the territorial government of an overseas constituent country


mango

nl-noun

mango m (plural mango's, diminutive mangootje n)

mango's (plural)
mangootje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from English mango, from Portuguese manga, from Malay mangga, from Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy), from மா (mā, “mango species”) + காய் (kāy, “unripe fruit”).

der

Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy)

Mangifera indica
Mangifera indica#Translingual

(Netherlands, Belgium) mango tree, Mangifera indica


corps

nl-noun

corps n (plural corpsen or corpora, diminutive corpsje n)

corpsen (plural)
corpora (plural)
corpsje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from French corps, from Middle French cors, from Old French cors, from Latin corpus. Doublet of corpus.

(chiefly Netherlands) student society, especially a traditional and hierarchical one


kip

kip f (plural kippen, diminutive kippetje n or kipje n)

kippen (plural)
kippetje (diminutive neuter)
kipje (diminutive neuter)

Petjo: kip (archaic)

→ Loup A: kipkip

→ Mohawk: kítkit

→ Oneida: kítkit

→ Mohegan-Pequot: kikipus

Nederlandsche vogelen
Nicoline van der Sijs

Possibly from an imitative birdcall. Not found in Middle Dutch or other Germanic languages. Displaced the older term hen in northern Dutch around the 18th century.
The policeman sense might be from French "poulet", refering to police station in Paris that was built over a former farm.

onomatopoeic

imitative

(chiefly Netherlands) a chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus

(dated, slang, Netherlands) synonym of politieagent


jam

nl-noun

jam m (plural jams, diminutive jammetje n)

jams (plural)
jammetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Caribbean Javanese: sèm

(chiefly Netherlands) jam (congealed sweet mixture of conserved fruits)


bon

bon m (plural bonnen or bons, diminutive bonnetje n)

bonnen (plural)
bons (plural)
bonnetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Caribbean Javanese: bon

→ Indonesian: bon

→ Papiamentu: bòn

→ Sranan Tongo: bon

(Netherlands) ticket, fine (e.g. for speeding)


dik

nl-adj

dik (comparative dikker, superlative dikst)

dikker (comparative)
dikst (superlative)
dik (adverbial positive predicative)
dikker (adverbial comparative predicative)
het dikst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het dikste (adverbial predicative superlative)
dikke (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
dikkere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
dikste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
dik (indefinite neuter positive singular)
dikker (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
dikste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
dikke (indefinite plural positive)
dikkere (comparative indefinite plural)
dikste (indefinite plural superlative)
dikke (definite positive)
dikkere (comparative definite)
dikste (definite superlative)
diks (partitive positive)
dikkers (comparative partitive)

Afrikaans: dik

Berbice Creole Dutch: deki

Negerhollands: dik

→ Virgin Islands Creole: dik (archaic)

→ Aukan: deki

→ Papiamentu: diki, dek

→ Saramaccan: dégi (via Skepi Creole Dutch)

→ Sranan Tongo: deki

From Middle Dutch dicke, from Old Dutch *thicki, from Proto-West Germanic *þikkwī, from Proto-Germanic *þekuz, from Proto-Indo-European *tégus.


lik

nl-noun

lik f (plural likken, diminutive likje n)

likken (plural)
likje (diminutive neuter)


pisang

pisang m (plural pisangs, diminutive pisangetje n)

pisangs (plural)
pisangetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: piesang

(dated, Netherlands, Indonesia, Suriname) banana


Sranan

Borrowed from Sranan Tongo Sranan (“Suriname”)

bor+

(chiefly Netherlands) ellipsis of Sranantongo (“Sranan Tongo”)


-ie

(Netherlands, informal) a variant of -je, a suffix forming diminutive nouns and informal adjectives


even

Javindo: efen

Negerhollands: even, eeven

→ Caribbean Javanese: éfe (via Sranan Tongo)

→ Kwinti: even

From Middle Dutch even, effen, from Old Dutch *evan, from Proto-West Germanic *ebn, from Proto-Germanic *ebnaz.

effen (alternative colloquial standard)
effe (alternative colloquial nonstandard)
ff (alternative)

Die is even kwaad!


poep

nl-noun

poep f (plural poepen, diminutive poepje n)

poepen (plural)
poepje (diminutive neuter)

(uncountable, Netherlands, humorous in Belgium) shit


Chinees

Chinees m (plural Chinezen, diminutive Chineesje n, feminine Chinese)

Chinezen (plural)
Chineesje (diminutive neuter)
Chinese (feminine)

Javindo: Sinees

→ Lokono: sjinésji

→ Sranan Tongo: Sneisi

→ Kari'na: sinesi

→ Wayana: sineisi

(Netherlands, colloquial) a Chinese or Chinese-Indonesian restaurant


porno

nl-adj

porno (used only predicatively, not comparable)

Clipping of pornografie or a borrowing. First attested in the 1960s.

(Netherlands, slang) hot, attractive, sexy


bolus

nl-noun

bolus m (plural bolussen, diminutive bolusje n)

bolussen (plural)
bolusje (diminutive neuter)
bole (alternative dated)

Generally regarded as borrowed from Yiddish [Term?], from Ladino [Term?], from Spanish bollo or bola.

(colloquial, Netherlands, by extension) a turd, a pat


alto

From a shortening of alternatieveling or alternatief + -o.

(Netherlands, derogatory) someone who participates in an alternative subculture (e.g. a hipster, emo or punk)


kamer

kamer f (plural kamers, diminutive kamertje n)

kamers (plural)
kamertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kamer

Berbice Creole Dutch: kambru

→ Lokono: kambara

desctree

→ Malay: kamar
Indonesian: kamar
→ Petjo: kamar
→ Ternate: kamar

→ Javanese: ꦏꦩꦂ (kamar)
> Caribbean Javanese: kamar (inherited)

→ Papiamentu: kamber

→ Peranakan Indonesian: kamer

→ Sranan Tongo: kamra

→ Aukan: kambaa

→ Caribbean Hindustani: kamrá

→ Saramaccan: kámba

→ Sinhalese: කාමරය (kāmaraya)

→? Trió: kama

From Middle Dutch cāmere (“room, barn, house”), from Old Dutch *kamara, from Latin camera (“room, vault”), from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “vaulted chamber”).

der

De krant slingert ergens in de kamer.

The newspaper is laying around somewhere in the living room.

(Netherlands, with the definite article, often not specified) a living room

a room, physical chamber in a building
a living room

(Netherlands, historical, dated, with the definite article) a special, more luxurious living room (formerly) reserved for use on Sundays and holidays, found in old houses that were inhabited by relatively affluent people

op kamers gaan

to move out of one's parental home to live in a student room

Er is een enorm tekort aan kamers in veel studentensteden.

There's a huge shortage of student rooms in many university towns.

(chiefly Netherlands) a non-campus residence for students


student

nl-noun

student m (plural studenten, diminutive studentje n, feminine studente)

studenten (plural)
studentje (diminutive neuter)
studente (feminine)

→ Papiamentu: student (dated)

Borrowed from Latin studēns, present participle of studēre (“to study”).

(Netherlands) a student at an institute for academic tertiary education


lab

labs (plural)
labje (diminutive neuter)
labo (alternative)


serre

serre f (plural serres, diminutive serretje n)

serres (plural)
serretje (diminutive neuter)

(Netherlands) conservatory room (greenhouse or winter garden, usually as part of a house)


jus

jus m (plural jus, diminutive justje n or sjuutje n)

jus (plural)
justje (diminutive neuter)
sjuutje (diminutive neuter)

(Netherlands, informal) ellipsis of jus d'orange


brada

Borrowed from Sranan Tongo brada (“brother”), ultimately from English brother. Doublet of broeder and broer.

Je bent m'n brada, m'n broeder, m'n broer tot het eind // Ook al zit je een tijd, ik zal daar voor je zijn

2017, “M'n Brada [My Bro]”, performed by Lijpe:

You are my bro, my brother, my pal until the end // Even if you do time, I'll be there for you

Ging nooit op vakantie brada, never zag ik stranden // Nu heb ik wieri al gefixt in Barca voor we landen

I never went on holidays bro, I never saw beaches // Now I have already fixed some weed in Barca before we've landed

(informal in Suriname, slang in the Netherlands) bro, friend


surprise

surprise f (plural surprises, diminutive surprisetje n)

surprises (plural)
surprisetje (diminutive neuter)

(Netherlands) a gift wrapped in an ingenious or creative manner; often given anonymously during Sinterklaas celebrations in a similar way to secret Santa


senang

senang (adverbial positive predicative)
senang (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
senang (indefinite neuter positive singular)
senang (indefinite plural positive)
senang (definite positive)
senangs (partitive positive)

Borrowed from Indonesian senang or Malay senang.

2013, Trudy Coenen & Louise Koopman, Spijbelen doe je maar thuis. Het verhaal van een docent op het vmbo, Artemis (Ambo/Anthos).
Hier voelde ik me senang.

2020, Harry Piet, quoted in Drogisterij Amsterdam haalt zwarte gaper van gevel, NOS.
Mijn medewerkers voelden zich de afgelopen dagen niet meer senang in de winkel.

During the past few days my employees no longer felt at ease in the shop.

(Netherlands) comfortable, at ease, pleasant


luxe

nl-adj

luxe (comparative luxer, superlative meest luxe or luxest)

luxer (comparative)
meest luxe (superlative)
luxest (superlative)
luxe (adverbial positive predicative)
luxer (adverbial comparative predicative)
het luxest (adverbial predicative superlative)
het luxeste (adverbial predicative superlative)
luxe (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
luxere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
luxeste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
luxe (indefinite neuter positive singular)
luxer (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
luxeste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
luxe (indefinite plural positive)
luxere (comparative indefinite plural)
luxeste (indefinite plural superlative)
luxe (definite positive)
luxere (comparative definite)
luxeste (definite superlative)
luxes (partitive positive)
luxers (comparative partitive)

The first part of typical compounds with luxe (e.g. luxe-editie (“luxury edition”), luxevilla (“luxury-mansion”), ...) is reinterpreted as an adjective, instead of a noun.

Dit hotel is niet heel luxe.


Anne

Borrowed from West Frisian Anne, variant of Ane.

Anne Wadman toonde zich in de Leeuwarder Courant nog enthousiaster.

2004, Matthijs de Ridder, “Tenzij de Dirk Martensprijs ook wel eens voor de lol wordt toegekend. De grote reis van Marc Andries 1960-1968”, in Yves T'Sjoen, Ludo Stynen, editors, Onderstroom. De vergankelijkheid van het schrijverschap. Verkenningen van de Vlaamse literatuur buiten beeld (1952-1968), page 124:

De autorit naar het huiskamerconcert vanDoTheUndo in Den Haag is nog maar nauwelijks begonnen maar de prioriteiten van Anne Soldaat en toetsenist Matthijs van Duijvenbode zijn al duidelijk: muziek en drop.

2013, Matthijs van der Ven, Onder invloed. Nederlandse muzikanten over hun inspiratiebronnen:

Zo is van de voorman van de stichting Open Doors, Anne van der Bijl, bekend dat hij niet alleen het goede zoekt voor zijn vervolgde medechristenen, maar ook voor anderen, zelfs voor vijanden van de kerk, tot en met terroristen toe.

2015, Ad de Bruijne, “Samen één offer voor God”, in James Kennedy, Pieter Vos, editors, Oefenen in discipelschap. De gemeente als groeiplaats van het goede leven:

(Netherlands, chiefly in the province of Frisia) a male given name


fondant

nl-noun

fondant m or n (plural fondants, diminutive fondantje n)

fondants (plural)
fondantje (diminutive neuter)

Unadapted borrowing from French fondant.

(Netherlands) fondant (sugary substance)


bobo

Shortening of bondsbons. Said to be coined by Joop Niezen in 1978. Popularised in 1988 by Ruud Gullit, whose usage was likely influenced by etymology 1.

1983 November 10, M.H., "Bobo's", Nieuwsblad van het Noorden , vol. 96, no. 265, page 19.
Drukke dagen voor bobo's in het Noorden.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


schlemiel

schlemiel m (plural schlemielen, diminutive schlemieltje n)

schlemielen (plural)
schlemieltje (diminutive neuter)
sjlemiel (alternative)


patriot

patriot m (plural patriotten, diminutive patriotje n)

patriotten (plural)
patriotje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: patriot

Borrowed from Middle French patriote, from Latin patriōta, from Ancient Greek πατριώτης (patriṓtēs).

(historical, chiefly Netherlands) a republican opponent of the House of Orange-Nassau during the second half of the eighteenth century, in favour of centralisation and administrative rationalisation


aso

aso m or f (plural aso's, diminutive asootje n)

aso's (plural)
asootje (diminutive neuter)

Clipping of asociaal. Compare German Asso, Assi.

(derogatory, Netherlands) an antisocial, brutish or inconsiderate person


aso

nl-adj

aso (comparative asoër, superlative aso'st)

asoër (comparative)
aso'st (superlative)

(derogatory, Netherlands) antisocial, inconsiderate


kongsi

nl-noun

kongsi f (plural kongsi's, diminutive kongsietje n)

kongsi's (plural)
kongsietje (diminutive neuter)
kongsie (alternative)

Borrowed from Malay kongsi, from Hokkien 公司 (kong-si). See also Hokkien 公班衙 (kong-pan-gêe), Dutch Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (“Dutch East India Company”, literally “United East India Company”).

ncog

Het is 25 januari 1980. (...) Brouwers, die al een aantal romans heeft gepubliceerd maar nog niet bekend is bij het grote publiek, briest en buldert, negentig bladzijden lang, tegen het in zijn ogen platvloerse literaire klimaat van het afgelopen decennium, de jaren zeventig. De verloedering is volgens hem te wijten aan een kongsi van onbekwame, elkaar voortdurend de bal toe spelende schrijvers en critici.

2022 October 7, Brigit Kooijman, “Jeroen Brouwers schreef zijn collega’s finaal de grond in. Waarom eigenlijk, en gebeurt zoiets nu nog? [In his writings, Jeroen Brouwers viciously attacked the reputation of his colleagues. But why? And does something like that happen today?]”, in NRC Handelsblad, retrieved 10 October May 2022:

The date is 25 January 1980. (...) Brouwers, who already published a number of novels but is not yet known to the general public, rants and roars, for ninety pages, against what he sees as the vulgar literary climate of the previous decade, the 1970s. According to him, the degeneration is due to a clique of incompetent writers and critics who constantly favour each other.

(derogatory, Netherlands) clique, coterie, cabal


bocht

From Middle Dutch bocht, becht, bacht (“garbage, dung, shit”), possibly from Proto-West Germanic *buggjan (“to buy”), though this is at odds with the last two forms.

Hij zei dat de bocht die hij ons gaf whiskey was, maar het smaakte er niet naar.

He said that the foul drink he gave us was whiskey, but it didn't taste like it.

(Netherlands) disgusting drink, trash, rubbish


snert

Afrikaans: snert


ka

ka's (plural)
kaatje (diminutive neuter)

Uncertain. Possibly from Catharina Mulder or "Kaat Mossel".

(Netherlands, derogatory) dominant woman


klamboe

nl-noun

klamboe m (plural klamboes, diminutive klamboetje n)

klamboes (plural)
klamboetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Aukan: kalambu

→ Sranan Tongo: klambu


referent

referent m (plural referenten, diminutive referentje n, feminine referente)

referenten (plural)
referentje (diminutive neuter)
referente (feminine)

(Netherlands) someone who can provide information about a job applicant when requested; a reference


gesundheit

From German Gesundheit (literally “health”).

Ik bleef haar aanstaren en moest niezen. Zij bleef lachen en zei: 'Gesundheit.'

2000, Harry Mulisch, Gerrit Komrij, Adriaan van Dis, Maarten 't Hart, Remco Campert, Marga Minco, Hugo Claus, De Schrijver: een literaire estafette, De Bezige Bij, →ISBN, page 142:

I kept staring at her and had to sneeze. She kept laughing and said: 'Bless you.'

'Ja, dat mag. En neem Heidi even mee, alsjeblieft. Ze zit weer te niezen.' Heidi was inderdaad aan het niezen – een hele serie zachte maar spetterende niesjes. 'Gesundheit,' zei Merrick.

2015, Anne Tyler, De blauwe draad, Prometheus, →ISBN, page 96:

'Yes, that's alright. And take Heidi, please. She's sneezing again.' Heidi was sneezing indeed – a series of soft but splattering sneezes. 'Bless you,' said Merrick.

'Gesundheit,' zei hij toen ik moest niezen.

2016, Hans Bogaert, Echo, De Bezige Bij, →ISBN, page 60:

Ik nam een te grote slok water en moest niezen vanwege de prik. 'Gesundheit. Maar er is nog een andere auto gevonden, in Lautenthal zelf.'

2016, Marjolijn Uitzinger, De partijgenoot, Singel Uitgeverijen, →ISBN, page 147:

I took too big of a gulp of water en had to sneeze because it was fizzy water. 'Bless you. But another has been found, in Lautenthal.'

(Netherlands) Said to someone who has just sneezed, bless you


PTT

(Netherlands, historical) Initialism of Posterijen, Telegrafie en Telefonie


WW

(Netherlands) abbreviation of Werkloosheidswet


WMO

(Netherlands, healthcare, law) initialism of wet medisch-wetenschappelijk onderzoek met mensen (“Act on medical scientific research with human beings”)


avg

avg m (plural avg's, diminutive avg'tje n)

avg's (plural)
avg'tje (diminutive neuter)
agv (alternative)

Initialism of aardappelen, vlees, groenten (“potatoes, meat, vegetables”).

initialism

(Netherlands, chiefly in the diminutive, colloquial, somewhat humorous) A stereotypical Dutch dinner consisting of a piece of meat, boiled potatoes, and boiled vegetables


chemo

nl-noun

chemo f (plural chemo's, diminutive chemootje n)

chemo's (plural)
chemootje (diminutive neuter)

Shortening of chemokuur and chemotherapie, from the prefix chemo-.


app

app f or m (plural apps, diminutive appje n)

From English app. The senses pertaining to text messaging are influenced by the app name WhatsApp.

Stuur alsjeblieft even een appje zodra je veilig thuis bent.

Please send a text as soon as you're home safe.

(Netherlands, typically in the diminutive) a text message sent using an app

Ze ruzieden in de app van het studentenhuis.

They had a fight in the student accommodation chat.

(Netherlands) a chat on a text messaging app, particularly a group chat


hoi

Possibly a spontaneous alteration of the interjection ho. The use as a joyful exclamation is attested from the 16th century; use as an informal greeting appears only in the 20th century.
Another possibility is the borrowing from English ahoy or Middle English hoy; See also ahoi.

Hoi, hoe gaat het?

(Netherlands, informal) A greeting acknowledging someone’s arrival or presence, comparable to English hey, hi

Tot morgen. Hoi!

(Netherlands, informal) A farewell acknowledging someone's departure, comparable to English goodbye, bye


ara

Ik zat een tijd geleden in de metro in Amsterdam en hoorde ineens ‘ewa sahbi, ara die garo’ (‘hé, vriend, geef me die sigaret’). Bijna helemaal in het Marokkaans-Arabisch. En ik draai me om en ik zie allemaal witte jongens.

2025 March 13, Majda Ouhajji, “Taalwetenschapper Khalid Mourigh over het veranderende Nederlands: ‘Mattie, fittie en doekoe bijvoorbeeld. Die staan zelfs in de Van Dale’ [Linguist Khalid Mourigh on changing Dutch: ‘Mattie, fittie, and doekoe, for example. These words are even included in the Van Dale dictionary’]”, in NRC Handelsblad, retrieved 2025-03-26:

I was on the Amsterdam underground some time ago and suddenly I heard “ewa sahbi, ara die garo” (“Hey, friend, give me that cigarette”). Almost entirely in Moroccan Arabic. And I turn around and all I see are white boys.


pierement

pierement n (plural pierementen, diminutive pierementje n)

pierementen (plural)
pierementje (diminutive neuter)


rug

rug m (plural ruggen, diminutive ruggetje n or rugje n)

ruggen (plural)
ruggetje (diminutive neuter)
rugje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: rug

Jersey Dutch: rœx

Negerhollands: rugge, rigi, rege

From Middle Dutch rugge, from Old Dutch ruggi, from Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz.

(Netherlands, historical) ellipsis of rooie rug (“thousand-guilders banknote”)


gabber

gabber m (plural gabbers, diminutive gabbertje n)

gabbers (plural)
gabbertje (diminutive neuter)

→ Afrikaans: gabba

→ English: gabber

→ German: Gabber

Borrowed from Yiddish חבֿר (khaver, “friend”), from Hebrew חָבֵר (khavér, “friend”).


CBI

w:nl:Centrum tot Bevordering van de Import uit ontwikkelingslanden

(Netherlands) initialism of Centrum tot Bevordering van de Import uit ontwikkelingslanden (“Center for the Promotion of Imports from developing countries”)


gapper

gapper m (plural gappers, diminutive gappertje n)

gappers (plural)
gappertje (diminutive neuter)

, John O'Mill (Johan van der Meulen), "Pruimejantje".
Jantje zag eens pruimen hangen / Oh, als eieren zo groot; / De tuinman zag zijn bolle wangen / Sloeg de vuile gapper dood.


piel

piel m (plural pielen, diminutive pieltje n or pieletje n)

pielen (plural)
pieltje (diminutive neuter)
pieletje (diminutive neuter)


swa

swa m (plural swa's, diminutive swaatje n)

swa's (plural)
swaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Papiamentu swa, from Dutch zwager.

Ey swa, alles goed?

(slang, Netherlands, Antilles) mate, bud, friend


bak

bak m (plural bakken, diminutive bakje n)

bakken (plural)
bakje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: bak

Berbice Creole Dutch: baksi

Negerhollands: bak

→ Virgin Islands Creole: bak, baks (archaic)

→ Caribbean Hindustani: báki

→ Caribbean Javanese: bak, bag

→ Indonesian: bak, baki

→ Javanese: ꦧꦏꦶ (baki)

→ Ternate: baki

→ Javanese: ꦧꦏ꧀ (bak)

→ Papiamentu: baki (from the diminutive)

→ Sranan Tongo: baki

→ Caribbean Javanese: baki

(Netherlands) drinking vessel, usually a cup or mug

(informal, Netherlands, Belgium, Bargoens) the slammer, jail, prison


merci

(chiefly Belgium or colloquial Netherlands) thank you


merci

merci f (plural mercis, diminutive mercikes n)

mercis (plural)
mercikes (diminutive neuter)


zitten

zitten (infinitive)
zitten (gerund neuter)
zit (first-person present singular)
zat (first-person past singular)
zit (present second-person singular)
zat (past second-person singular)
zit (formal present second-person singular)
zat (formal past second-person singular)
zit (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
zit (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
zat (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
zat (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
zit (present singular third-person)
zat (past singular third-person)
zitten (plural present)
zaten (past plural)
zitte (archaic present singular subjunctive)
zate (archaic past singular subjunctive)
zitten (archaic plural present subjunctive)
zaten (archaic past plural subjunctive)
zit (imperative present singular)
zit (archaic imperative plural present)
zittend (participle present)
gezeten (participle past)

Afrikaans: sit

Berbice Creole Dutch: sete

Javindo: sitten

Jersey Dutch: sätte

Negerhollands: sit, set

Skepi Creole Dutch: set, sit

From Middle Dutch sitten, from Old Dutch sitten, from Proto-West Germanic *sittjan, from Proto-Germanic *sitjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sed-.

Ik zit morgen met de projectleider over de verdere implementatie van het verandertraject.

Tomorrow, I'll have a meeting with the project manager about the further implementation of the transformation process.

(intransitive, figurative, Netherlands, office jargon) to have a meeting, to consult, to sit down


lichaam

lichaam n (plural lichamen, diminutive lichaampje n)

lichamen (plural)
lichaampje (diminutive neuter)
ligchaam (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: liggaam

Negerhollands: lichaam, likam

→ Indonesian: badan (semantic loan)

From Middle Dutch lichame, lechame, from Old Dutch lichamo, from Proto-West Germanic *līkahamō, from Proto-Germanic *līkahamô (“body, bodily frame, corpse”), equivalent to lijk (“body, lich”) + haam (“covering, cover”).


ster

nl-noun

ster f (plural sterren, diminutive sterretje n)

sterren (plural)
sterretje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ster

Negerhollands: ster

→ Indonesian: seter

From Middle Dutch sterre, sterne, from Old Dutch sterro, sterno, from Proto-West Germanic *sternō, from Proto-Germanic *sternô, *sternǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.

(television, Netherlands) short advertisement


schoon

nl-adj

schoon (comparative schoner, superlative schoonst)

schoner (comparative)
schoonst (superlative)
schoon (adverbial positive predicative)
schoner (adverbial comparative predicative)
het schoonst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het schoonste (adverbial predicative superlative)
schone (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
schonere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
schoonste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
schoon (indefinite neuter positive singular)
schoner (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
schoonste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
schone (indefinite plural positive)
schonere (comparative indefinite plural)
schoonste (indefinite plural superlative)
schone (definite positive)
schonere (comparative definite)
schoonste (definite superlative)
schoons (partitive positive)
schoners (comparative partitive)

Afrikaans: skoon

Berbice Creole Dutch: skono

Jersey Dutch: sxôn

Negerhollands: skoon

Petjo: schoon

From Middle Dutch schône, from Old Dutch scōni, from Proto-West Germanic *skaunī, from Proto-Germanic *skauniz.


lopen

lopen (infinitive)
lopen (gerund neuter)
loop (first-person present singular)
liep (first-person past singular)
loopt (present second-person singular)
loop (present second-person singular)
liep (past second-person singular)
loopt (formal present second-person singular)
liep (formal past second-person singular)
loopt (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
loopt (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
liept (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
liept (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
loopt (present singular third-person)
liep (past singular third-person)
lopen (plural present)
liepen (past plural)
lope (archaic present singular subjunctive)
liepe (archaic past singular subjunctive)
lopen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
liepen (archaic past plural subjunctive)
loop (imperative present singular)
loopt (archaic imperative plural present)
lopend (participle present)
gelopen (participle past)
loopen (alternative archaic)

Afrikaans: loop

Negerhollands: loop, loo, lo, lu

desc

Skepi Creole Dutch: lop, louphe, luffi, loup

From Middle Dutch lôpen, from Old Dutch lōpan, *loupan, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaupan, from Proto-Germanic *hlaupaną (“to run”).

We kunnen naar de supermarkt lopen om boodschappen te doen.

We can walk to the supermarket to do some shopping.

Hij loopt elke ochtend naar zijn werk.

He walks to his workplace every morning.

Ik ben naar de stad gelopen.

(intransitive, chiefly Netherlands) to walk, go somewhere regardless of speed

De kinderen zijn buiten aan het lopen.

Zij loopt graag in het park om van de natuur te genieten.

She likes to walk in the park to enjoy nature.

Hij heeft daar veel gelopen.

(intransitive, chiefly Netherlands) to walk in general


sambal

sambals (plural)
sambel (alternative Suriname)

Borrowed from Malay sambal, from Javanese ꦱꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦭ꧀ (sambel). In Surinamese Dutch, it may have been directly borrowed from Javanese, although the meaning is rather distinct from the Javanese word, probably an ellipsis of Javanese ꦱꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦭ꧀ꦲꦠꦶ (sambel ati).

1797, J. S. Stavorinus, Reize van Zeeland over de Kaap de Goede Hoop en Batavia, naar Samarang, Macasser, Amboina, Suratte, enz., vol. I, publ. by A. & J. Honkoop, page 261.
Ook maakt men van dit fijnſte meel iets gereed dat men Popeda noemt, het welk veel overeenkomst heeft met onze zoogenaamde Boekweite-brei, doch het is veel lijmiger; men eet dit van ſtokjens, die, in de Popeda geſtoken, een gedeelte, dat aan dezelven kleeven blijft, medeneemen, die voords in vischnat gedoopt zijnde, met een weinig visch en Sambal voor de beste ſpijs der Amboineezen gehouden wordt; ja zelfs voor die geenen, welke van Europeërs afkomstig zijn.

Also from this finest flour something is prepared that is called papeda, which is very similar to our so-called buckwheat porridge, but it is much more gluey; it is eaten from sticks which, when dipped in the papeda, take with them a quantity that remains stuck to them, which, after it is then dipped in fish juice, together with some fish and sambal, is considered the best dish of the Ambonese; indeed, even of those originating from Europeans.

(Netherlands, Belgium, chiefly uncountable) Sambal, a relish made from chili peppers


toko

nl-noun

toko m (plural toko's, diminutive tokootje n)

toko's (plural)
tokootje (diminutive neuter)

→ English: toko

From Indonesian Malay toko (“shop”), from Hokkien 土庫 /土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

der

2007, Peter Gordon, Groente - opnieuw ontdekt, tr. by Aniek Njiokiktjien, Inmerc, 8.
Struin maar eens over een boerenmarkt om te zien wat er plaatselijk allemaal geteeld en verkocht wordt, of ga naar de dichtstbijzijnde toko of naar een ruim gesorteerde supermarkt om te zien welke onbekende ingrediënten er gewoon bij je om de hoek te koop zijn.

(Netherlands) a grocery store or supermarket specializing in Southeast Asian (especially Indonesian or Chinese Indonesian) products, which are mostly food items

Opende de toko, sloot de toko, ik wóónde praktisch in die toko.

2015, Anna Nooshin, On Top, Unieboek | Het Sprectrum:

Opened the store, closed the store, I practically lived in that store.

(colloquial, Netherlands) shop, store, stand

2010, Aefke ten Hagen, In naam van mijn vader, Mistral/FMB Uitgevers.
‘Peter!’ doet Wouter enthousiast. ‘Goed om jou hier te treffen!’
‘Tja,’ lacht Peter. ‘Het is mijn toko.’
‘Peter!’ says Wouter with enthusiasm. ‘Good to see you here!’

‘Well,’ Peter laughs. ‘It is my business.’

De andere Japanse games-toko, Nintendo genaamd, zegt ook een beter ontwikkelklimaat te willen voor indie-ontwikkelaars.

2013 March, Chris Broesder, “Games ontwikkelen voor Nintendo en Sony wordt makkelijker”, in Personal Computer Magazine:

The other Japanese games company, called Nintendo, says it also wants a better development environment for indie developers.

Ga eens naar de balansen, kijken we wat die toko waard is.

2015, Daniël Meyer, De man van Venus, Futuro:

Go check the balances, then we'll see what the value of that business is.

(colloquial, Netherlands) any company or business


gracht

nl-noun

gracht f or m (plural grachten, diminutive grachtje n)

grachten (plural)
grachtje (diminutive neuter)
graft (alternative)

Afrikaans: grag

→ English: gracht

→ German: Gracht

→ Papiamentu: gracht (dated)

→ West Frisian: gracht

From Middle Dutch gracht, from Old Dutch *graft, *graht, from Proto-Germanic *graftuz. Equivalent to graven (“to dig”) + -t (“verbal noun”).

In Amsterdam is er een straat langs een gracht, waar een beperkt stopverbod van kracht is.

In Amsterdam, there is a road running alongside a canal where parking is restricted.

(Netherlands) canal (in a city, with houses on each side)


jurk

jurk f (plural jurken, diminutive jurkje n)

jurken (plural)
jurkje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: jurk

Uncertain. Possibly shortened from earlier *jurreken (compare English jerkin), assimilated from *jurneken, from Middle Dutch jo(u)rney, journede (“surcoat”), from Old French journée, formed from jor (“day (of the tournament)”), with the suffix -ade (“at, from or before”).
In the sense 'clothing' first found in 1691. In the 19th century the meaning shifted from children's to women's clothing.


snip

snip f (plural snippen, diminutive snipje n)

snippen (plural)
snipje (diminutive neuter)
snep (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: snip

→ Papiamentu: snepi, snèpi

→ Sranan Tongo: snepi

From Middle Dutch snippe, ultimately from the root of snavel (“beak”).

(informal, Netherlands) a 100 guilders banknote


Indië

Afrikaans: Indië

Borrowed from Latin India, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía), from Ἰνδός (Indós), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš), from Proto-Iranian *hínduš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”).

Indiën (alternative obsolete)
Indien (alternative obsolete)
Inje (alternative colloquial obsolete)

Weledele Heer,
Door ons a.s. vertrek naar Indië, zien wij ons, tot onzen grooten spijt, gedwongen, ons lidmaatschap van de Filmliga, voor het volgend seizoen te beëindigen.

1928 May 3, A. Bickes, “Briefwisseling Menno ter Braak - A. Bickes”, in Correspondentie Filmliga, Stichting Menno ter Braak, published 2012:

Dear Sir,
Due to our upcoming departure for the Dutch East Indies, we are forced, to our great regret, to end our membership of the Film League for the next season.

En zo blijkt Indië, ondanks ons aanvankelijk voorbehoud, toch in allerlei nuances en op allerlei niveaus haar stempel op zijn werk te hebben gedrukt. Altijd is er, hoe dan ook, die tjap.

2002 January 25, Peter van Zonneveld, “Altijd is er, hoe dan ook, die tjap. De Indische wereld van F. Springer [There is always, no matter what, that mark. F. Springer's Dutch East Indies world]”, in Indische Letteren, page 120:

And so, despite our initial reservations, the Dutch East Indies turn out to have left their impression on his work in all kinds of nuances and at all kinds of levels. There is always, no matter what, that mark.

(Netherlands, Indonesia, historical, dated, informal) ellipsis of Nederlands-Indië (“Dutch East Indies”), Indonesia in the context of Dutch colonial rule

Nederlands-Indië

Voor de zoveelste keer in haar leven opent Anna Weierink het sigarenkistje dat voor haar vader de bijna dagelijkse band was met Indië. Er zitten foto’s in. (...) De beelden zijn onmiskenbaar verbonden met Indië. Groepsfoto’s in het oerwoud of op de boot, begrafenissen, de graven van gestorven kameraden, vrachtwagens op stoffige wegen, landschappen, portretten.

2024 August 24, Herman Haverkate, “Na 75 jaar reist Anna uit Oldenzaal naar het verleden van haar vader: ‘Indië heeft hem nooit losgelaten’ [After 75 years, Anna from Oldenzaal travels back into her father's past: ‘The war in Indonesia always held sway over him’]”, in Tubantia, retrieved 2024-08-27:

For the umpteenth time in her life, Anna Weierink opens the cigar box that was her father's almost daily link to the Dutch East Indies. There are photographs inside (...) The images are unmistakably linked to the Indonesian war of independence. Group photos in the jungle or on the boat, funerals, the graves of dead comrades, trucks on dusty roads, landscapes, portraits.

(Netherlands, historical, metonymic, dated, colloquial) the Indonesian War of Independence

En weet u, ik heb thuis zo′n groot schilderij hangen. Dat verbeeldt natuurlijk lndië, ja? Adoeh, beeldig. Beeldig!

1978, “Arm Den Haag”, in Willem Wilmink (lyrics), Harry Bannink (music), Weerzien met Indië, performed by Wieteke van Dort:

And do you know, I have a big painting hanging at home. Obviously, it depicts Indonesia, right? My goodness, it's gorgeous. Gorgeous!

(Netherlands, dated, informal) synonym of Indonesië (“Indonesia”); used to refer to the territory and cultural sphere of Indonesia, irrespective of its political status


lotus

lotus m or f (plural lotussen, diminutive lotusje n)

lotussen (plural)
lotusje (diminutive neuter)

From the acronym of Landelijke Opleiding Tot Uitbeelding van Slachtoffers (literally “National Training Course for the Portrayal of Victims”).

acronym

standardized participant
standardized participant

(Netherlands, medicine slang) patient actor, simulated patient, standardized participant (a lay person person trained to portray medical conditions)


kas

nl-noun

kas f (plural kassen, diminutive kasje n)

kassen (plural)
kasje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: kas

→ Caribbean Javanese: kas

→ Sranan Tongo: kasi

→ Caribbean Javanese: kasi, kas

From Middle Dutch casse, from Old French casse, from Italian cassa, from Latin capsa. Doublet of cash.

(Belgium)


magnetron

magnetron m (plural magnetrons, diminutive magnetronnetje n)

magnetrons (plural)
magnetronnetje (diminutive neuter)

Ik verwarm mijn eten altijd in de magnetron als ik weinig tijd heb.

I always heat my food in the microwave oven when I'm short on time.

De magnetron is handig om snel restjes op te warmen.

The microwave oven is handy for quickly reheating leftovers.

Hij plaatste de kom met soep in het kleine magnetronnetje om het op te warmen.

He put the bowl of soup in the small microwave oven to heat it up.

(chiefly Netherlands) microwave oven (fast heating device with mainly culinary use)


kwartje

wie voor een dubbeltje geboren is, wordt nooit een kwartje

(Netherlands) a coin of 25 cents (0.25 guilder), quarter


vijfje

a coin or bank note with the denomination of 5 monetary units:

(Netherlands) a 5 guilder coin, issued from 1988 until 2001

(obsolete, Netherlands) a coin with the denomination of 25 guilder cents


zonnebloem

zonnebloem f (plural zonnebloemen, diminutive zonnebloemetje n or zonnebloempje n)

zonnebloemen (plural)
zonnebloemetje (diminutive neuter)
zonnebloempje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: sonneblom
→ Sotho: sonobolomo

From zon + -e- + bloem. Named because the flower turns to keep facing the sun; compare English sunflower, Spanish girasol. The sense "50 guilder banknote" is derived from the large image of a sunflower found on such notes.

Vroeger kon je met een zonnebloem een flinke aankoop doen.

In the past, you could make a substantial purchase with a 50 guilder banknote.

(Netherlands, historical) a 50 guilder banknote


vuurtoren

nl-noun

vuurtoren m (plural vuurtorens, diminutive vuurtorentje n)

vuurtorens (plural)
vuurtorentje (diminutive neuter)
viertoren (alternative)

Afrikaans: vuurtoring

→ Indonesian: menara api (calque)

(Netherlands) a 250 guilder banknote (before the introduction of the euro)


hode

Zeg hem jij komt niet bij mij, no way // To-toch geef ik ze een kans, hode.

Tell him you're not coming to me, no way // St-still I'mma give her a chance, holy shit.

Ben ik een gangster, dan zeg ik: Hode // Ben jij een rapper, dan zeg je: Hode

Am I a gangster, then I'll say: Hot damn // Are you a rapper, then you'll say: Hot damn

Wordt kanker heet van die boetes // Die bitch moet pijpen niet smoelen (Hode)

It's getting hot as fuck from all those fines // That bitch should suck not blabber (Damn)

(Netherlands, slang) Used to convey surprise: holy shit; bloody hell


netel

netel f (plural netels, diminutive neteltje n)

netels (plural)
neteltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch netele, from Old Dutch *netila, from Proto-West Germanic *natilā.

(Netherlands) nettle, plant of the unrelated genera Urtica or Lamium


bakkie

(Netherlands, colloquial) alternative form of bakje


middag

middag m (plural middagen, diminutive middagje n)

middagen (plural)
middagje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: middag

Jersey Dutch: míddāx

Negerhollands: middag, meddag

→ Lokono: méndaka

From Middle Dutch middach. Equivalent to mid- + dag.

Op zondag middag ga ik naar het park.

Het wordt drukker in de stad tijdens de middag.

The city gets busier during the afternoon.

De kinderen spelen buiten in de middag.

The children play outside in the afternoon.

(chiefly Netherlands) afternoon (period from 12 PM to 6 PM)


kut

Derivation from Proto-Germanic *kweþuz (“abdomen, belly”) — compare Old Norse kviðr (“abdomen, belly”) and Gothic 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍃 (qiþus, “womb”) — is unlikely. Probably kut is cognate with kuit (“spawn”) and kont (“ass”). Also Old Dutch quintuc (“genitals of a female dog”) [8th century] might be related.

cog

cutte (alternative obsolete)
kutte (alternative obsolete)


kut

nl-adj

kut (comparative kutter, superlative kutst)

kutter (comparative)
kutst (superlative)
kut (adverbial positive predicative)
kutter (adverbial comparative predicative)
het kutst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het kutste (adverbial predicative superlative)
kutte (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
kuttere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
kutste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
kut (indefinite neuter positive singular)
kutter (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
kutste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
kutte (indefinite plural positive)
kuttere (comparative indefinite plural)
kutste (indefinite plural superlative)
kutte (definite positive)
kuttere (comparative definite)
kutste (definite superlative)
kuts (partitive positive)
kutters (comparative partitive)
cutte (alternative obsolete)
kutte (alternative obsolete)

Nou, dat was kut.

(vulgar, Netherlands) crap, not entertaining


telo

From Caribbean Javanese telo, from Javanese ꦠꦺꦭ (téla), a variant of ꦏꦠꦺꦭ (katéla), a word for non-native tuberous plants that was borrowed from Portuguese Castela and thus ultimately derives from Latin castellum, making this a doublet of ketella, kasteel, chateau, Castilië, Kessel, and castellum. Cognate to Indonesian ketela.

doublet

(chiefly Netherlands, countable, metonymic) a snack consisting of telo and a small serving of salt cod


roti

nl-noun

roti m (plural roti's, diminutive rotietje n)

roti's (plural)
rotietje (diminutive neuter)

From Caribbean Hindustani roti, possibly via Sranan Tongo roti, ultimately from Hindi रोटी (roṭī).

(originally Suriname, Netherlands) the Indian Surinamese version of roti; a soft, flexible, unleavened flatbread of about 20-30 centimetres in diameter, usually with a potato or pea filling baked into it

(originally Suriname, Netherlands, metonymic) a dish served on or with a roti, usually consisting of a serving of chicken or duck curry and a serving of stewed vegetables, such as potatoes, yardlong beans, pumpkin or aubergine


zot

zot m (plural zotten, diminutive zotje n)

tlb

(today mostly restricted to Belgium and colloquial Southern Netherlands)

zotten (plural)
zotje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: sot

From Middle Dutch sot, a borrowing from Old French sot, from Medieval Latin sottus, of unknown origin. Possibly an expressive interjection, similar to modern French zut! (“damn it!”).
Compare Old English sott (“foolish, stupid”), English sot, modern French sot.

onomatopoeic

expressive


stappen

stappen (infinitive)
stappen (gerund neuter)
stap (first-person present singular)
stapte (first-person past singular)
stapt (present second-person singular)
stap (present second-person singular)
stapte (past second-person singular)
stapt (formal present second-person singular)
stapte (formal past second-person singular)
stapt (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
stapt (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
stapte (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
stapte (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
stapt (present singular third-person)
stapte (past singular third-person)
stappen (plural present)
stapten (past plural)
stappe (archaic present singular subjunctive)
stapte (archaic past singular subjunctive)
stappen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
stapten (archaic past plural subjunctive)
stap (imperative present singular)
stapt (archaic imperative plural present)
stappend (participle present)
gestapt (participle past)

Negerhollands: stap

From Middle Dutch stappen, from Old Dutch *stappen, *steppen, from Proto-West Germanic *stappjan, from Proto-Germanic *stapjaną. By surface analysis, stap + -en. The sense to go out may derive from op stap (“on the town; out”).

Een hele dag gestapt en nog energie over om te gaan stappen?

You’ve been walking all day but still you feel like partying?

Heeft iemand van jullie misschien leuke tips om in Antwerpen te gaan stappen?

Do any of you have any tips on where we can go out in Antwerp?


equipe

Borrowed from French équipe, from Middle French esquipe.

(cycling, Netherlands) sports team, especially in cycling and horse-racing


pompelmoes

nl-noun

pompelmoes f or m (plural pompelmoezen, diminutive pompelmoesje n)

pompelmoezen (plural)
pompelmoesje (diminutive neuter)

→ Caribbean Javanese: jeruk pompelmus

→ Dhivehi: ބަނބުޅަބޮސް (baᵐbuḷabos)

→ English: pompelmous

→ French: pamplemousse

→ German: Pampelmuse

→ Italian: pompelmo

→ Sinhalese: බංබලෝසි (baṁbalōsi)

Uncertain. Possibly from pompoen (“pumpkin”) or pompel (“big, swollen”) + limoes, a variant of limoen modeled after Portuguese limões (“citrus, lemons”). Another explanation is a gradual corruption of Portuguese pomos limões (“citrus fruit”).

der

Citrus maxima
Citrus maxima#Translingual

(Netherlands) pomelo (fruit of the tree Citrus maxima)


kanker

From Middle Dutch canker, from Latin cancer.

(potentially offensive, vulgar, chiefly Netherlands) An expression of anger, annoyance, etc. damn, fuck


steun

nl-noun

steun m (plural steunen, diminutive steuntje n)

steunen (plural)
steuntje (diminutive neuter)

unemployment benefit
unemployment benefit

(Netherlands, informal) dole, unemployment benefit


zwager

zwager m (plural zwagers, diminutive zwagertje n)

zwagers (plural)
zwagertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: swaer

Berbice Creole Dutch: swagri

Negerhollands: swaeger

→ Papiamentu: swa, sua
→ Dutch: swa

desctree

→ Sranan Tongo: swagri
→ Aukan: swagi
→ Caribbean Javanese: swagri
→ Saramaccan: suwági

From Middle Dutch swager, from Old Dutch *swāgar, from Proto-West Germanic *swāgr, from Proto-Germanic *swēgraz.

(chiefly Netherlands) brother-in-law (brother of one's spouse or husband of one's sibling)


pistolet

nl-noun

pistolet m (plural pistolets, diminutive pistoletje n)

pistolets (plural)
pistoletje (diminutive neuter)

(Netherlands) a bread bun shaped like a short baguette


sores

Borrowed from Yiddish צרות (tsores), plural of צרה (tsore, “trouble, problem”), from Hebrew צָרָה (tsará, “trouble, tragedy, calamity”).

der

tsores (alternative)
sorus (alternative)

Sores komen vanzelf, simches moet je vieren.

Worries will come anyways, but joyous occasions have to be celebrated.

(Netherlands, Amsterdam, Jewish, from Bargoens) tsuris; misery, worry


bajes

nl-noun

bajes f (plural bajesen, diminutive bajesje n)

bajesen (plural)
bajesje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Yiddish בית (bajes, “house”), from Hebrew בית (báyit, “house”).

(Netherlands, informal) slammer, jail, prison


pinnen

pinnen (infinitive)
pinnen (gerund neuter)
pin (first-person present singular)
pinde (first-person past singular)
pint (present second-person singular)
pin (present second-person singular)
pinde (past second-person singular)
pint (formal present second-person singular)
pinde (formal past second-person singular)
pint (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
pint (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
pinde (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
pinde (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
pint (present singular third-person)
pinde (past singular third-person)
pinnen (plural present)
pinden (past plural)
pinne (archaic present singular subjunctive)
pinde (archaic past singular subjunctive)
pinnen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
pinden (archaic past plural subjunctive)
pin (imperative present singular)
pint (archaic imperative plural present)
pinnend (participle present)
gepind (participle past)

From pin (“PIN, personal identification number”) + -en.

affix

(Netherlands) to withdraw money with such a card


politiebureau

nl-noun

politiebureau n (plural politiebureaus, diminutive politiebureautje n)

politiebureaus (plural)
politiebureautje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of politie (“police”) + bureau (“office”).


horloge

horloge n (plural horloges, diminutive horlogetje n)

horloges (plural)
horlogetje (diminutive neuter)
horlogie (alternative archaic)
horologie (alternative obsolete)
orloge (alternative obsolete)
orlogie (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: horlosie

desc

Negerhollands: horlooschi, holosi, holochi

→ Virgin Islands Creole: holosi (dated)

Skepi Creole Dutch: holósi

→ Caribbean Javanese: arloji

→ Indonesian: arloji

→ Petjo: airlodji

→ Papiamentu: oloshi, horlosji, holósji

→ Sranan Tongo: oloisi

→ Aukan: oloisi

→ Kari'na: olosi

→ Saramaccan: olóísi

→ Trió: oroisi, joroisi

/ɦɔrˈloː.ʒə/

From Middle Dutch orlogie, from Old French orloge, from Latin hōrologium, from Ancient Greek ὡρολόγιον (hōrológion). The current spelling was influenced by Modern French horloge.

(Netherlands) watch (wearable timepiece)


NS-station

nl-noun

NS-station n (plural NS-stations, diminutive NS-stationnetje n)

NS-stations (plural)
NS-stationnetje (diminutive neuter)

From the Dutch railway company Nederlandse Spoorwegen.


's middags

Petjo: smiddags

Originally des middags, a fossilized genitive form of middag (“noon”) in contemporary Dutch.

twaalf uur 's middags


piet

piet m (plural pieten, diminutive pietje n)

pieten (plural)
pietje (diminutive neuter)

(Netherlands, chiefly diminutive or plural diminutive) louse


mobiel

mobiel m (plural mobielen, diminutive mobieltje n)

mobielen (plural)
mobieltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle French mobile, from Latin mōbilis (“easy to be moved, moveable”), from moveō (“move”). Doublet of meubel.

der

(Netherlands, usually in the diminutive) ellipsis of mobiele telefoon; a mobile phone, cellphone, mobile


nul-zes-nummer

nl-noun

nul-zes-nummer n (plural nul-zes-nummers, diminutive nul-zes-nummertje n)

nul-zes-nummers (plural)
nul-zes-nummertje (diminutive neuter)

(Netherlands) alternative form of 06-nummer


centrifuge

centrifuge f (plural centrifuges, diminutive centrifugetje n)

centrifuges (plural)
centrifugetje (diminutive neuter)


to go

(Netherlands, nonstandard) to go; appended to noun phrases to indicate takeaway meals or takeaway establishments


stik

Stik, alweer ernaast!

(Netherlands, minced oath) drat, darn; Used as an expression of frustration, if something doesn't work out as expected. It is a rather innocent, child-friendly curse.


hartstikke

Compound of hart (“heart”) + steek (“stab”). Originally used as an intensifier in the phrase hartstikke dood, usage subsequently spread to other constructions.

De reactie van de premier was dat het hartstikke gaaf was.

The prime minister's response was that it was frigging cool.

(Netherlands, informal) very, freaking, hella


boulevardblad

boulevardblad n (plural boulevardbladen, diminutive boulevardblaadje n)

boulevardbladen (plural)
boulevardblaadje (diminutive neuter)

In Nederland heb je op het moment geen echte boulevardbladen zoals in Duitsland of Engeland, maar dat kan natuurlijk veranderen.

In the Netherlands there really aren't at the moment any tabloids such as in Germany or England, but that could change, naturally.


baar

baar m (plural baren, diminutive baartje n)

baren (plural)
baartje (diminutive neuter)

1930 August 3, Si Omong, "Baren en... baren.", Algemeen Handelsblad, ochtendblad, page 12.
Een leergierige baar wil gedurende het eerste etmaal van zijn verblijf op Java alles zien, alles weten, alles proeven.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Bovendien werden de baren daardoor in korten tijd scheeps- en »marine«-wijs gemaakt, leerden de taal en de gebruiken van hun nieuwe wereld en praatten in weinig tijds mee als de besten over »snerfnimf« en »galjoenkapitein«, over »pluimgraaf« en »waschteef« zowel als over »Droge«, »Puist« en »Poen«, over »Clovis« en »Bakkertje« en over de »fielten« en »bokken« hunner dagelijksche omgeving.

1932, Uit de eerste marinejaren van Dirk Jan, Batteljee & Terpstra, page 48 & 49:

(historical, nautical or relating to Indonesia, Netherlands) greenhorn, newbie


poepen

poepen (infinitive)
poepen (gerund neuter)
poep (first-person present singular)
poepte (first-person past singular)
poept (present second-person singular)
poep (present second-person singular)
poepte (past second-person singular)
poept (formal present second-person singular)
poepte (formal past second-person singular)
poept (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
poept (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
poepte (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
poepte (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
poept (present singular third-person)
poepte (past singular third-person)
poepen (plural present)
poepten (past plural)
poepe (archaic present singular subjunctive)
poepte (archaic past singular subjunctive)
poepen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
poepten (archaic past plural subjunctive)
poep (imperative present singular)
poept (archaic imperative plural present)
poepend (participle present)
gepoept (participle past)

Probably an onomatopoeia (compare to English pop and poop, respectively). In the sense “to fuck” related with western German poppen.

onom

onomatopoeia


omroep

nl-noun

omroep m (plural omroepen, diminutive omroepje n)

omroepen (plural)
omroepje (diminutive neuter)

Ewoud Sanders
Genootschap Onze Taal
nl:omroep

Deverbal from omroepen, coined by Dutch radio pioneer Jan Corver in 1922 inspired by the historical occupation of omroeper (“town crier”). Equivalent to om (“around”) + roep (“call”). Compare Middle Dutch ommeroep (“public proclamation or announcement”).

cog

Goeie ouwe radio / je vergooide je nooit aan het commerciële / Je deelde slechts drie maal per uitzending mee / waar je kaarten kon krijgen voor de omroeptournee / en in welke plaats je kwam spelen

1958, Wim Kan, “Goeie ouwe radio”, in Oudejaarsavond 1958:

Good old radio / you never indulged in anything commercial / You'd announce only three times each broadcast / where one could get tickets for the broadcasting association's promotional tour / and what town you'd come to perform in

non-governmental organizations
non-governmental organizations

broadcaster, an organisation providing radio and/or television broadcasts

(Netherlands) one of several membership-based non-governmental organizations, originally associated with a specific political and/or religious orientation, providing programming during allotted broadcasting times on national public radio and television channels, in lieu of a single public service broadcaster


pan

nl-noun

pan f (plural pannen, diminutive pannetje n)

pannen (plural)
pannetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: pan

Jersey Dutch: pān

Negerhollands: pan

→ Caribbean Javanese: pan

→ Indonesian: panci (from the diminutive)

desc

→ Javanese: ꦥꦚ꧀ꦕꦶ (panci), ꦮꦚ꧀ꦕꦶ (wanci) (from the diminutive)

→ Munsee: pán

→ Papiamentu: panchi, pannetsji, pannetsje (from the diminutive)

→ Sranan Tongo: pan

→ Saramaccan: pánu

From Middle Dutch panne, from Old Dutch *panna, from Latin panna, contraction of patina. Doublet of patina and pateen.


positivo

From positief + -o, coined by Dutch comedians Van Kooten & De Bie.

coinage

Opa Ivo is een echte positivo.

(Netherlands, informal) a person with a positive mindset


koer

nl-noun

koer m (plural koeren, diminutive koertje n)

koeren (plural)
koertje (diminutive neuter)
koerd (alternative)

(Netherlands, obsolete) someone who guards a watchtower


wond

wond f (plural wonden, diminutive wondje n)

wonden (plural)
wondje (diminutive neuter)
wonde (alternative)

Afrikaans: wond

Negerhollands: wond

From Middle Dutch wonde, wunde, from Old Dutch wunda, from Proto-Germanic *wundō. Compare Low German Wunn, German Wunde, West Frisian wûne, English wound, Icelandic und.

zachte heelmeesters maken stinkende wonden


jood

jood m (plural joden, diminutive joodje n)

joden (plural)
joodje (diminutive neuter)
Jood (alternative)

Negerhollands: joode, jodden, jood

From Middle Dutch jōde, from Old Dutch judo, from Latin iūdaeus, from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaîos).
The soccer sense ("supporter of AFC Ajax") refers to the fact that the club Ajax hails from Amsterdam, a city with a traditionally large Jewish community. While supporters from rivaling clubs often chant antisemitic slogans during matches against Ajax due to this association with Judaism, supporters of Ajax have taken to referring to themselves as joden (or even superjoden), transforming what is intended as a taunt into a geuzennaam.

(Netherlands, soccer slang, potentially offensive) a supporter of AFC Ajax


juut

juut m (plural juten, diminutive juutje n)

juten (plural)
juutje (diminutive neuter)

From jood, with the connotation to attempt to gain an unfair price in a business deal. It is used because the police fine people as a punishment.


driehoek

driehoek m (plural driehoeken, diminutive driehoekje n)

driehoeken (plural)
driehoekje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: driehoek

→ Papiamentu: drihuk

From Middle Dutch driehoec, calque of Latin triangulum. Equivalent to drie + hoek.

(Netherlands, politics) a group of coordinating representatives of the executive power (usually below the national level), law enforcement and prosecutors


paars

nl-adj

paars (comparative paarser, superlative meest paars or paarst)

paarser (comparative)
meest paars (superlative)
paarst (superlative)
paars (adverbial positive predicative)
paarser (adverbial comparative predicative)
het paarst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het paarste (adverbial predicative superlative)
paarse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
paarsere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
paarste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
paars (indefinite neuter positive singular)
paarser (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
paarste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
paarse (indefinite plural positive)
paarsere (comparative indefinite plural)
paarste (indefinite plural superlative)
paarse (definite positive)
paarsere (comparative definite)
paarste (definite superlative)
paars (partitive positive)
paarsers (comparative partitive)

From Middle Dutch paers, peers, pers (“purple”), from Middle French pers (“blue-grey, dark violet”), from Medieval Latin persus, persum (“dark blue”). Possibly derived from either Latin Persae (“Persians”), Persia (“Persia”), referring to the colour of a garment, or from Late Latin persica (“peach”), referring to the colour of peach blossom.

der

(politics, Netherlands, Belgium) relating to cooperation between liberals and social democrats of the third way


paars

→ Papiamentu: püs, pis

(politics, Netherlands, Belgium) a coalition of third way social democrats and liberals


banga

(slang, derogatory, offensive, Netherlands) slut (promiscuous woman)


effe

(colloquial, Netherlands) alternative form of even (“shortly; for a moment”)


prut

Onomatopoeic, presumably a metonym from the sound made by a substance or something falling into it. First attested in early modern Dutch. The same in regional German Prütt.

Ondanks zijn 27 jaar in de Verenigde Staten, hoor je nog steeds een licht Rotterdams accent bij Maarten Sierhuis. Als hij met een biertje op het zonnige terras naast zijn kantoor middenin San Francisco proost, zegt hij „Prut!”

2016 April 30, Wouter van Noort, “‘Ik heb twee banen, het enige wat ik doe is werken’”, in NRC Handelsblad:


hom

nl-noun

hom f (plural hommen, diminutive hommetje n)

hommen (plural)
hommetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: hom (dated)

From Middle Dutch homme, identical to homme (“mold”), of uncertain origin, but probably related to Old Norse húm (“dusky, twilight”), from Proto-Germanic *skim- (“to shine-”), which has been compared to Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”), but according to the Etymologisch Woordenboek this is extremely unlikely.

der

Coordinate term: kuit (“spawn, roe”)


tosti

Borrowed from Italian tosti, from toast, from English toast. First attested in the late 1950s.

Delicious for example for making toasties with ham or cheese (or both)

1959 November 13, "Verwachtingsvolle harten kloppen sneller bij V&D in de Kalverstraat" (advertisement), Parool, page 24. Heerlijk b.v. voor 't maken van tosti met ham of kaas (of beide)

(chiefly Netherlands) a toasted sandwich containing cheese, usually ham and optionally other ingredients and condiments; a toastie


koninkrijk

nl-noun

koninkrijk n (plural koninkrijken, diminutive koninkrijkje n)

koninkrijken (plural)
koninkrijkje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: koninkryk

Negerhollands: koningriek, kooningrik

From Middle Dutch koninkrike, from Old Dutch *kuningrīki, from Proto-West Germanic *kuningarīkī, from Proto-Germanic *kuningarīkiją. Equivalent to koning + rijk. Compare German Königreich, Danish kongerige.

(Netherlands, Antilles, in compounds) relating to the quasi-federal structure of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; relating to matters pertaining all the constituent countries of that kingdom


schuiven

schuiven (infinitive)
schuiven (gerund neuter)
schuif (first-person present singular)
schoof (first-person past singular)
schuift (present second-person singular)
schuif (present second-person singular)
schoof (past second-person singular)
schuift (formal present second-person singular)
schoof (formal past second-person singular)
schuift (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
schuift (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
schooft (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
schooft (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
schuift (present singular third-person)
schoof (past singular third-person)
schuiven (plural present)
schoven (past plural)
schuive (archaic present singular subjunctive)
schove (archaic past singular subjunctive)
schuiven (archaic plural present subjunctive)
schoven (archaic past plural subjunctive)
schuif (imperative present singular)
schuift (archaic imperative plural present)
schuivend (participle present)
geschoven (participle past)

Afrikaans: skuif, skuiwe

Berbice Creole Dutch: skifu

Negerhollands: skiev, skief

→ Papiamentu: skùif, skuif, schuif

From Middle Dutch schuven, from Old Dutch *scūvan, from Proto-West Germanic *skeuban, from Proto-Germanic *skeubaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skewbʰ-. Doublet of sjouwen.

Hoeveel schuift dat?

(transitive, of actions or objects, Netherlands, informal) to yield, make money, to earn money (for someone)


joet

joet m (plural joeten, diminutive joetje n)

joeten (plural)
joetje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Yiddish י (yud, “yod (tenth letter of the alphabet)”), from Hebrew י.

bor

(Netherlands, chiefly Amsterdam, informal) tenner, banknote of ten monetary units (usually guilders or euros)


atheneum

nl-noun

atheneum n (plural athenea or atheneums)

Borrowed from Latin Athēnaeum, from Ancient Greek Ἀθηναῖον (Athēnaîon).

(Netherlands) a type of secondary education which is in curriculum identical to a gymnasium except that it does not offer classes in Latin and/or Greek


pleite

Borrowed from Yiddish פּליטה (pleyte, “escape, getaway”). Compare German pleite.

bor

M'n portemonee is pleite.

(Netherlands, originally Bargoens, informal) gone


hermandad

Vorig jaar op 1 januari nam hij afscheid van de hermandad. De 62-jarige muzikant mag nog tot zijn 65e zijn partijtje meeblazen in het politieorkest, maar kiest er nu toch voor om te stoppen.

2015 June 4, “Politieorkest zwaait Tjeerd de Walle uit in Feanwâlden”, in Friesch Dagblad:


flikker

nl-noun

flikker m (plural flikkers, diminutive flikkertje n)

flikkers (plural)
flikkertje (diminutive neuter)

Possibly related to flikken (“to do, pull off”), flikkeren (“to flicker”), or frik (“narrow-minded schoolteacher”).

Maakt me geen flikker uit.


omin

From Sranan Tongo omeni, from English how many.

Die film is omin saai.

(Netherlands, slang) very, a lot, extremely


omin

Middels zo’n shout out kunnen we aangeven dat we degene in kwestie zien, zo van: ‘Ik zie je! En je doet er dusdanig toe dat iedereen dat mag weten.’ (...) Want waar de gewone Nederlander hoogstens ‘hoi, mam!’ roept, strooien wij Smibanesen met omin shout outs, en we mogen niemand vergeten!

2023 March 9, Prof. Soortkill, “Shout out naar NRC, man [Shout out to NRC, man]”, in NRC Handelsblad, retrieved 2023-08-02:

A shout out like this allows us to express that we see the person in question, like, 'I see you! And you matter so much that everyone should be aware of it.' (...) Because whereas a regular Dutch person would shout 'Hi, Mum!' at most, we Smibanese pile up a great many shout outs, and we cannot overlook anyone!


gekkekoeienziekte

gekkekoeienziekte f (plural gekkekoeienziekten or gekkekoeienziektes)

gekkekoeienziekten (plural)
gekkekoeienziektes (plural)

From gekke koe (“crazy cow”) + -en- + ziekte (“disease”).


föhn

nl-noun

föhn m (plural föhns or föhnen, diminutive föhntje n)

föhns (plural)
föhnen (plural)
föhntje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from German Föhn, from Middle High German [Term?], from Old High German phonno, from Vulgar Latin *faōnius, from Latin Favōnius (“Favonius”), a Roman wind god.

1936, Rie Cramer, De lachende Cupido, H. P. Leopold (publ.), page 65.
Het korte zwarte haar woei in haar vaart of de föhn er in blies en haar magere armen bewogen als vleugels de slippen van de sluirende voile.

1938, Emmy Belinfante-Belinfante, Wisselend getij, Valkhoff & Co. (publ., 2nd ed., original from 1934), page 9.
Pim zag haar lippen bewegen, maar door het gegier van de föhn verstond ze haar niet.

Pim saw her lips move, but she couldn't understand her because of the roaring of the hair dryer.

Hij keek in de spiegel naar Babet die de föhn ter hand had genomen.

2006, Kees Kager, Het Zwanenwater, Gopher Publishers, page 200:

He looked in the mirror to Babet who had taken the hair dryer in her hand.


tempo doeloe

Borrowed from Malay or Indonesian tempo dulu (“the past, the olden days”).

bor

(Netherlands) the period of the Dutch East Indies, the period of Dutch colonisation in Indonesia, in particular as a nostalgic construct in personal, familial or social history; even more specifically, the time between 1870 and the beginning of the First World War around 1914


koelie

nl-noun

koelie m (plural koelies, diminutive koelietje n)

koelies (plural)
koelietje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: koelie

→ Caribbean Javanese: kuli

→ Papiamentu: kuli

→ Sranan Tongo: kuli

(Netherlands, derogatory, offensive) coolie (person of Indian or Indonesian background)


eenieder

De ouders (...) zijn een ieder van het Surinaams team en het Nederlands team heel erg dankbaar.

2020 December 31, “Baby Amalia naar huis [Baby Amalia goes home]”, in StarNieuws, retrieved 2021-01-13:

The parents (...) are very grateful to everyone on the Surinamese team and the Dutch team.

(current in Suriname, formal in the Netherlands and Belgium) everyone


mazzel

Borrowed from Yiddish מזל (mazl, “luck”).

(Netherlands, informal) alternative form of de mazzel


mazzel

Hij had mazzel.


republiek

Afrikaans: republiek

→ Indonesian: republik

→ Papiamentu: republiek (dated)

→ Peranakan Indonesian: republiek

→ Sranan Tongo: republiek

Borrowed from French république, from Latin rēspūblica or rēs pūblica.

republicq (alternative obsolete)
republijk (alternative obsolete)
republiq (alternative obsolete)
republique (alternative obsolete)
republyk (alternative obsolete)

Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden#Dutch

(Netherlands, historical, often capitalised) ellipsis of Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden (“Dutch Republic”) (a predecessor state of the present-day Netherlands that existed from 1579 to 1795)

Kiers: Hoe werd de Republiek eigenlijk in die periode door de Nederlanders beschouwd, die toen vrij waren?
Fabricius: Die werd niet au sérieux genomen in het begin. Men vond het een grappige vertoning, men dacht dat, als zo meteen – ‘wacht maar, als straks de troepen komen, dan wordt er een eind aan gemaakt’ – dat was de algemene opinie van de mensen.

1976, 01:44:24 from the start, in Roelof Kiers, director, Indonesia Merdeka, spoken by Roelof Kiers and Johan Fabricius, via VPRO, retrieved 2024-07-26:

Kiers: Actually, how was the Republic of Indonesia perceived by the Dutch who were not imprisoned at that point in time?
Fabricius: It was not taken seriously at first. People thought it was a comical charade, people thought that, when soon – ‘just wait, when the troops will arrive shortly, they'll put an end to it’ – that was the common opinion of the people.

Republiek Indonesië
Republiek Indonesië#Dutch

Republic of Indonesia
Republic of Indonesia

Dutch East Indies
Dutch East Indies#English

(Netherlands, Indonesia, dated, often capitalised) ellipsis of Republiek Indonesië (“Republic of Indonesia”) (an independent state proclaimed in 1945 as the successor to the former Dutch East Indies)


jij-bak

Compound of jij (“you”) + bak (“joke, wisecrack”).

(Netherlands) a personal attack, especially a tu quoque


kwast

Afrikaans: kwas

→ Indonesian: kuas

Op deze bloedhete dag was het heerlijk eens kwast te drinken.

It was wonderful to drink lemonade for a change on this sweltering day.

(Netherlands) lemonade or another citrus-based beverage; a drink made of lemon juice, water and optionally sugar (can denote both cold and hot drinks)


pollepel

pollepel m (plural pollepels, diminutive pollepeltje n)

pollepels (plural)
pollepeltje (diminutive neuter)

First attested in 1348. Etymology unclear. Commonly suggested to be derived from potlepel (pot (“pot”) + lepel (“spoon”)), but this form of the word is not attested, and assimilation from -tl- to -ll- is uncommon. When viewed as pol + lepel, pol may refer to a round, hollow object.
The word probably used to refer to a large wooden spoon with a round bowl. In the Netherlands, the meaning of "wooden spoon" was kept, while in Belgium, the meaning of "spoon with a round bowl" was kept.

unc

Etymology unclear

(Netherlands) wooden spoon, a rather shallow spoon used to stir food while cooking


vluchtstrook

nl-noun

vluchtstrook f (plural vluchtstroken, diminutive vluchtstrookje n)

vluchtstroken (plural)
vluchtstrookje (diminutive neuter)

From vluchten (“to flee”) + strook (“lane (of a highway)”).

compound

(Netherlands) hard shoulder (part of a road where drivers may move to in an emergency)


Jaap

→ West Frisian: Jappe

⇒ West Frisian: Japik (diminutive)

Jeep (alternative)
Jap (alternative)
Jop (alternative)

(Netherlands) a diminutive of the male given name Jacob


Indisch

nl-adj

Indisch (comparative Indischer, superlative meest Indisch)

Indischer (comparative)
meest Indisch (superlative)
Indisch (adverbial positive predicative)
Indischer (adverbial comparative predicative)
het meest Indisch (adverbial predicative superlative)
het meest Indische (adverbial predicative superlative)
Indische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Indischere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
meest Indische (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
Indisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Indischer (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
meest Indische (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
Indische (indefinite plural positive)
Indischere (comparative indefinite plural)
meest Indische (indefinite plural superlative)
Indische (definite positive)
Indischere (comparative definite)
meest Indische (definite superlative)
Indisch (partitive positive)
Indischers (comparative partitive)

(Netherlands) pertaining to the East Indies, especially the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia)


hemd

nl-noun

hemd n (plural hemden, diminutive hemdje n)

hemden (plural)
hemdje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: hemp (see there for further descendants)

Berbice Creole Dutch: hemdu

Jersey Dutch: häämt

Negerhollands: hemmede, hemmete, hemete

Skepi Creole Dutch: hemde

→ Lokono: hemede

→ Indonesian: hem (“shirt”)

→ Mahican: hámed

→ Munsee: héemput

→ Sranan Tongo: empi (see there for further descendants)

→ Unami: hèmpës

→ West Frisian: himd

From Middle Dutch hemde, hemede, from Old Dutch *hemithi, from Proto-West Germanic *hamiþi (“shirt”). Doublet of chemise.


rijstrook

rijstrook f (plural rijstroken, diminutive rijstrookje n)

rijstroken (plural)
rijstrookje (diminutive neuter)

From rijden (“to drive”) + strook (“lane”).

(Netherlands) each of several parallel driving lanes on a (broad) road


misdrijf

misdrijf n (plural misdrijven, diminutive misdrijfje n)

misdrijven (plural)
misdrijfje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: kejahatan (semantic loan)

→ Indonesian: misdrijf


limonade

limonade f (plural limonades, diminutive limonadetje n)

limonades (plural)
limonadetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Aukan: ayomanali

→ Caribbean Hindustani: nimnár

→ Indonesian: limonade

(Netherlands) sweetened drink (sweet drink based on processed fruit juice, may be based on cordial, may or may not be carbonated); a serving of sweetened drink


jus d'orange

/ˌʒy dɔˈrɑnʒ/

/ˌʒy dəˈrɑnʒ/

jus (alternative)
sjuderans (alternative informal pronunciation-spelling)
suderans (alternative informal pronunciation-spelling)

(Netherlands, higher register) orange juice


gotspe

gotspe f (plural gotspes, diminutive gotspetje n)

gotspes (plural)
gotspetje (diminutive neuter)

gotspe (NL)

From the Bargoens register, borrowed from Yiddish חוצפה (chotspe), from Hebrew חֻצְפָּה (ḥuṣpā), from Aramaic חוצפא.
Cognate with English chutzpah and German Chuzpe.

der

Hebrew חֻצְפָּה (ḥuṣpā)

(Netherlands, Bargoens) a grave insolence


overleggen

overleggen (infinitive)
overleggen (gerund neuter)
leg over (first-person main-clause present singular)
legde over (first-person main-clause past singular)
overleg (first-person present singular subordinate-clause)
overlegde (first-person past singular subordinate-clause)
legt over (main-clause present second-person singular)
leg over (main-clause present second-person singular)
legde over (main-clause past second-person singular)
overlegt (present second-person singular subordinate-clause)
overlegde (past second-person singular subordinate-clause)
legt over (formal main-clause present second-person singular)
legde over (formal main-clause past second-person singular)
overlegt (formal present second-person singular subordinate-clause)
overlegde (formal past second-person singular subordinate-clause)
legt over (Flanders colloquial main-clause present second-person singular)
legt over (archaic formal main-clause majestic present second-person singular)
legde over (Flanders colloquial main-clause past second-person singular)
legde over (archaic formal main-clause majestic past second-person singular)
overlegt (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular subordinate-clause)
overlegt (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular subordinate-clause)
overlegde (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular subordinate-clause)
overlegde (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular subordinate-clause)
legt over (main-clause present singular third-person)
legde over (main-clause past singular third-person)
overlegt (present singular subordinate-clause third-person)
overlegde (past singular subordinate-clause third-person)
leggen over (main-clause plural present)
legden over (main-clause past plural)
overleggen (plural present subordinate-clause)
overlegden (past plural subordinate-clause)
legge over (archaic main-clause present singular subjunctive)
legde over (archaic main-clause past singular subjunctive)
overlegge (archaic present singular subjunctive subordinate-clause)
overlegde (archaic past singular subjunctive subordinate-clause)
leggen over (archaic main-clause plural present subjunctive)
legden over (archaic main-clause past plural subjunctive)
overleggen (archaic plural present subjunctive subordinate-clause)
overlegden (archaic past plural subjunctive subordinate-clause)
leg over (imperative main-clause present singular)
legt over (archaic imperative main-clause plural present)
overleggend (main-clause participle present)
overgelegd (main-clause participle past)


gerechtshof

nl-noun

gerechtshof n (plural gerechtshoven, diminutive gerechtshofje n)

gerechtshoven (plural)
gerechtshofje (diminutive neuter)
geregtshof (alternative obsolete)

(Netherlands) an appellate court, a court empowered to hear appeals from lower tribunals


klop

klop f (plural kloppen, diminutive klopje n)

kloppen (plural)
klopje (diminutive neuter)
clop (alternative obsolete)

Probably a shortening of klopzuster. In reference to a religious metaphor of Christ knocking (kloppen) at the door of a laywoman's heart.

(historical, chiefly Netherlands) an unmarried woman who has dedicated her life to service to the Roman Catholic Church without entering a monastery, now especially denoting a laywoman in the Netherlands before the Roman Catholic emancipation


tronie

tronie f (plural tronies, diminutive tronietje n)

tronies (plural)
tronietje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: tronie

From Middle Dutch troenie, from Middle French trogne, possibly ultimately from a Celtic language, for which a Gaulish *trugna has been proposed (compare Welsh trwyn).

Deze redding, dacht ik, heb ik dus aan die tronie van mij te danken.

2003, Arthur Japin, Een schitterend gebrek, Antwerpen: De Arbeiderspers, Amsterdam, page 226:

This salvation, I thought, is due to this mug of mine.

(informal, Netherlands, slightly derogatory) a face, especially one with an unpleasant or unprepossessing look or expression


je weet toch

/jə ˈʋeː ˌtɔx/

jeweettoch (alternative)
jwt (alternative)

(Netherlands, slang) you know (tag question particle)


broko

nl-adj

broko (comparative meer broko, superlative meest broko)

meer broko (comparative)
meest broko (superlative)

Borrowed from Sranan Tongo broko (“broken”)


promoveren

promoveren (infinitive)
promoveren (gerund neuter)
promoveer (first-person present singular)
promoveerde (first-person past singular)
promoveert (present second-person singular)
promoveer (present second-person singular)
promoveerde (past second-person singular)
promoveert (formal present second-person singular)
promoveerde (formal past second-person singular)
promoveert (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
promoveert (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
promoveerde (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
promoveerde (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
promoveert (present singular third-person)
promoveerde (past singular third-person)
promoveren (plural present)
promoveerden (past plural)
promovere (archaic present singular subjunctive)
promoveerde (archaic past singular subjunctive)
promoveren (archaic plural present subjunctive)
promoveerden (archaic past plural subjunctive)
promoveer (imperative present singular)
promoveert (archaic imperative plural present)
promoverend (participle present)
gepromoveerd (participle past)

→ Indonesian: promoveren

From Middle Dutch promoveren, borrowed from Latin promovere. Akin to German promovieren.

Ik ben gepromoveerd in klassieke talen.

I have [received] a doctorate in classics.

(Netherlands, intransitive) to receive a doctorate


ridderschap

From ridder (“knight”) + -schap (“-hood”).

(Netherlands, history) a co-opted body of nobles representing the nobility and countryside in the Estates of some provinces during the Dutch Republic