啩

Fusion of 估 (gu2, “to guess”) and 啊 (aa3, “sentence final particle”) (Chao, 1947). This is supported by attestation of the unfused version in Early Cantonese

I think you will rather prefer some cake, will you not?

1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect

ngo⁵ tai² dak¹ nei⁵ zung¹ ji³ min⁶ beng² gu² aa³

我睇得你中意麵餅估呀

我睇得你中意面饼估呀

I'm going to go home and eat noodles, I guess.

我返屋企食麵啩。

我返屋企食面啩。

1899, 馬可福音：中西字 [The Gospel according to St. Mark in English and Cantonese], Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 36:

And they reasoned among themselves, saying, It is because we have no bread.

mun⁴ sang¹ bei² ci² ji⁵ leon⁶ waa⁶, hai⁶ jan¹ ngo⁵ dei⁶ mou⁵ beng² gwaa³.

門生彼此議論話、係因我哋冇餅啩。

门生彼此议论话、系因我哋冇饼啩。

(Cantonese) Sentence final particle indicating uncertainty in a statement; implies that the speaker is not sure whether what he/she says is true.


嚹

(Cantonese) a particle implying completion, certainty or urgency


歟

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *la, *laʔ, *las): phonetic 與 (OC *la, *laʔ, *las) + semantic 欠.
; question particle

Han compound

1046 October 17, 范仲淹 [Fan Zhongyan], 岳陽樓記 [Memorial to Yueyang Tower]:

Sentence-final particle used to express an exclamatory, doubtful or questioning tone


分之

/fən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/fən⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ʐ̩²/

/fɐn²² t͡siː⁵⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴/

/vən²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

/fən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/

/fən⁵⁵ ɖ͡ʐ̥ʐ̩²/

/fɐn²² t͡siː⁵⁵/

/fɐn⁵⁵ t͡siː⁵⁵/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴/

/hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡si⁴⁴/

/vən²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/

三分之一

三分之二

四分之一

百分之八十

A way to express fractions and percentages.


𠻗

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声): semantic 口 + phonetic 离 (OC *rel, *r̥ʰel).


而已

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ i²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²¹ jiː¹³/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ i⁵³/

/li²⁴⁻²² i⁵⁵⁴/

/li²⁴⁻²² i⁵³/

/zi²³⁻³³ i⁴¹/

/d͡zi²⁴⁻³³ i⁵³/

/d͡zi¹³⁻²² i⁵³/

/ˀɤɻ³⁵ i²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jiː²¹ jiː¹³/

/li²⁴⁻¹¹ i⁵³/

/li²⁴⁻²² i⁵⁵⁴/

/li²⁴⁻²² i⁵³/

/zi²³⁻³³ i⁴¹/

/d͡zi²⁴⁻³³ i⁵³/

/d͡zi¹³⁻²² i⁵³/

混混日子而已

如此而已，豈有他哉！

如此而已，岂有他哉！

僅此而已。

仅此而已。

(at the end of a phrase) that's all; nothing more; is all


的話

/d̥ə xu̯ä⁵¹/

/tɪk̚⁵ waː²²/

/tɪk̚⁵ waː²²⁻³⁵/

/ti³³⁻²³ ue¹¹/

/d̥ə xu̯ä⁵¹/

/tɪk̚⁵ waː²²/

/tɪk̚⁵ waː²²⁻³⁵/

/ti³³⁻²³ ue¹¹/

If no one offers assistance this kid will become permanently blind.

Rúguǒ méiyǒu rén juānzhù dehuà, zhè ge xiǎohái jiù huì yǒngyuǎn shīmíng.

如果沒有人捐助的話，這個小孩就會永遠失明。

如果没有人捐助的话，这个小孩就会永远失明。

要是考試不及格的話，怎麼辦？

要是考试不及格的话，怎么办？

If you go out today remember to lock the front door.

Nǐ jīntiān chūqù dehuà, jìde suǒshàng qiánmén.

你今天出去的話，記得鎖上前門。

你今天出去的话，记得锁上前门。

optional particle put at the end of a conditional clause


也罷

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵¹/

/jaː¹³ paː²²/

/jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pä⁵¹/

/jaː¹³ paː²²/

(expressing concession) all right; might as well


兮兮

/hɐi̯²¹ hɐi̯²¹/

/hɐi̯²¹ hɐi̯²¹/

An emphatic particle placed after negative adjectives, often to denote a sense of contempt.


似的

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ d̥ə¹/

/sz̩⁵¹ d̥ə¹/

/t͡sʰiː¹³ tɪk̚⁵/

/ʂʐ̩⁵¹ d̥ə¹/

/sz̩⁵¹ d̥ə¹/

/t͡sʰiː¹³ tɪk̚⁵/

不要哭得像個孩子似的。

不要哭得像个孩子似的。

他真跟變了個人似的。

他真跟变了个人似的。

I am so indescribably livid with him - he isn't even listening to what I am saying. [literally: I am angered by him like whatever - he isn't at all listening to my speaking]

Wǒ bèi tā qì de shénme shìde, tā gēnběn jiù méiyǒu zài tīng wǒ shuōhuà.

我被他氣得什麼似的，他根本就沒有在聽我說話。

我被他气得什么似的，他根本就没有在听我说话。


與否

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ foʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː¹³ fɐu̯³⁵/

/y²¹⁴⁻³⁵ foʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/jyː¹³ fɐu̯³⁵/


何止

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/ho²⁴ t͡sz̩²¹³/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵²/

/xɤ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɔː²¹ t͡siː³⁵/

/ho²⁴ t͡sz̩²¹³/

/ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡si⁵²/

(used in rhetorical questions to indicate the actual extent is far greater) be much more than


才怪

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ ku̯aɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ kʷaːi̯³³/

/t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵ ku̯aɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹ kʷaːi̯³³/

You are such a naughty kid. It'd be surprising if your mum were not worried.

你這麼淘氣，媽媽不擔心才怪！

你这么淘气，妈妈不担心才怪！

it'd be a wonder if ... (following a verb phrase that is usually negative)


伍的

I won’t go this way. It's closer to go through here, but the floor here is slippery. It would not be worth it at all to slip and fall or something like that.

Wǒ kě bù zǒu zhàrhar. Zènme zǒu shì jìn, kěshì tā dì huá. Zài shuāi yī jiāo wǔde, tài bù zhídàng le.

我可不走這兒哈兒。這麼走是近，可是它地滑。再摔一跤伍的，太不值當了。

我可不走这儿哈儿。这么走是近，可是它地滑。再摔一跤伍的，太不值当了。


云爾

/yn³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/yn³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/


妃呼豨

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ xu⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

/feɪ̯⁵⁵ xu⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/

(obsolete) a meaningless particle used in songs


日媽

/zz̩²¹³ ma⁵⁵/

/zz̩²¹³ ma⁵⁵/

(Sichuanese, vulgar) particle inserted into the sentence to express one's anger, displeasure, suprise etc, similar to one usage of fucking