Crimea

Through Italian Crimea, from Crimean Tatar Qırım.

The “little green men”—faces covered, wearing unmarked olive uniforms, speaking Russian and using Russian weapons—have played a significant role in both the occupation of Crimea and the civil war in eastern Ukraine.¹⁹⁶

2015, Shane R. Reeves, David Wallace, “The Combatant Status of the “Little Green Men” and Other Participants in the Ukraine Conflict”, in International Law Studies, US Naval War College, volume 91, number 361, Stockton Center for the Study of International Law, page 393:

Crimean peninsula
Crimean peninsula#English

Isthmus of Perekop
Isthmus of Perekop#English

Synonym of Crimean peninsula: A peninsula in the Black Sea, Europe, officially part of Ukraine, annexed by Russia. A peninsula which juts southwards out of the Ukrainian mainland (to which it is connected by the Isthmus of Perekop) into the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, separating the Sea of Azov from the Black Sea.

Crimean peninsula

According to Zimin, this individual was in the service of Prince Fedor Vasili'evich Riazanskii as early as 1498, two years after his service on the embassy to the Crimea.

1987, Robert M. Croskey, Muscovite Diplomatic Practice in the Reign of Ivan III, page 96:

On its return journey in 1633 the Tatar embassy was arrested by the Muscovite government, which was already at war with the Crimea, and only after several months was it released as a result of an appeal by Sweden[.]

1995, Muscovy and Sweden in the Thirty Years' War 1630-1635, →ISBN, page 73:

As late as 1665, the Crimea's demand for continued and increased tribue from Moscow was one of the conditions leading to a peace treaty between a khan and tsar („kaznu v Krym prodolzhat' prisylat' s pribyl'iu“). Notwithstanding Moscow's rhetorical exercises, the Russian government was acutely aware that as long as Russia's military force remained ineffective against the Crimea, peace with Crimea could only be purchased.

2004, Andreas Kappeler, Die Geschichte Russlands im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert, →ISBN, page 371:

Crimean Peninsula
Crimean Peninsula#English

(historical) Synonym of Crimean Khanate: A historical country in Crimean Peninsula, Europe. The Crimean Khanate, which for much of its history controlled most of the Crimean peninsula and various adjacent areas of the mainland.

Crimean Khanate

Crimean Republic
Crimean Republic#English

Crimean People's Republic
Crimean People's Republic#English


Jericho

/ˈd͡ʒɛɹɪkəʊ/

/ˈd͡ʒɛɹɪˌkoʊ/

From Middle English Iericho, from Old English Iericho, from Latin Ierīchō, from Ancient Greek Ἰερῑχώ (Ierīkhṓ), from Biblical Hebrew יְרִיחוֹ (yərīḥō), recorded early as Ugaritic 𐎊𐎗𐎃 (yrḫ). Regarding the "place of concealment" sense, see 2 Samuel 10:5.

A historic suburb of the English city of Oxford.


Navarre

From French Navarre, from Spanish Navarra.

autonomous community
autonomous community

An autonomous community and province in northern Spain.


Castile

From (possibly through a Middle French form) Spanish Castilla from Old Spanish Castiella from Medieval Latin Castella from the plural of Latin castellum (“castle, fort, citadel”), diminutive of castrum (“fortress”); supposedly derived from the many castles constructed in the region.

der

Castille (alternative)
Castill (alternative)

A town and village therein, in Wyoming County, New York, United States, named after Castile in Spain.


Moldavia

Coordinate term: Wallachia

Western Moldavia
Western Moldavia#English

Moldavia, Western Moldavia (a region in eastern Romania adjacent to the country of Moldova, once part of the principality of Moldova).


Dalmatia

From Latin Dalmatia, possibly from an Illyrian tribe called the Dalmatae who lived in the region.

A region of Croatia, on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea.


Istria

From Latin Histria, from Ancient Greek Ἱστρία (Histría), named after Ἵστρων (Hístrōn) (ἔθνος (éthnos)), the ethnicon of the Illyrian/Venetic tribe of the Histri who inhabited the region.
The name could itself be related to Hister, a Roman name for the Danube, from Ancient Greek Ἰστρίη (Istríē), the Dacian-Thracian name for the river god Danubius, a name meaning "swift," and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂- (“to flow”). Also see Histria.

A county in western Croatia. County seat: Pazin.


Westphalia

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Westphalia, from Middle Low German Westvâlen, ultimately from the root of German Westfalen, which see. Related to Low German Westfaolen.

lbor

Westfalen, a region of Germany in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony.


Brunswick

From the Germanic personal name Bruno, in the genitive case, something akin to *Brunos + Middle Low German wîk (“village, settlement”).

der

Brownswick (alternative)
Brunswic (alternative)

A number of places in the United States:

Rensselaer County
Rensselaer County#English

A town in Columbus County, North Carolina.

Eau Claire County
Eau Claire County#English


Jutland

A peninsula in northwestern Europe, which belongs to Denmark (depending on the definition of the southern boundary also Germany).


Funen

From Danish Fyn, likely through German Fünen. Related with Danish fyge (“to blow around”), hence "windswept place".

Sealand

Danish: Sjælland; the largest island of Denmark

Jutland north of the Limfjord

Danish: Jylland nord for Limfjorden; the second largest island of Denmark


Galway

Anglicization of Irish Gaillimh, of uncertain meaning, said to mean "stony' (referring to the River Corrib). If so, it probably derives from Old Irish calad (“hard”); compare caillou, of Gaulish origin.

In England there are Brighton Beach boats, Centre-board sloops, Pollywogs, Lough Erne yachts, Unas, New Brighton sailing-boats, yachts of the Norfolk Broads, Itchen, Clyde sailing and Keystone boats, Penzance luggers, Cobbles, Galways, Hookers and Pookhauns […]

1884, James Douglas Jerrold Kelley, American Yachts: Their Clubs and Races, page 161:


Connemara

/ˌkɑnəˈmɑɹə/

/ˌkɒnɪˈmɑːɹə/

Borrowed from Irish Conamara, from Conmhaícne Mara (literally “the Conmhaícne of the sea”), a branch of an ancient native tribe named Conmhaícne (literally “descendants of Con Mhac”).

A pony of a particular breed native to this Irish district.


Scania

From Medieval Latin Scania (attested since 950), from Old Norse Skáney, from Proto-Germanic *Skadinawjō. Doublet of Scandinavia.

Scandinavian Peninsula
Scandinavian Peninsula

A historical region, currently part of Sweden, occupying the southernmost tip of the Scandinavian Peninsula.

سكونا

historical region currently part of Sweden occupying the southernmost tip of the Scandinavian peninsula


Elsinore

From Danish Helsingør, perhaps a derivation of hals (“narrow strait”, literally “throat; neck”), from Old Norse hals, from Proto-Germanic *halsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kólsos. Compare also Helsinki and Helsingborg.

Former name of Lake Elsinore, California (the settlement was renamed in 1972).


Tagus

A major river in Spain and Portugal, the longest in Iberia.


Moravia

From Mediaeval Latin Moravia, which is named after River Morava, (German March, Latin Marus), the main river of the land. The water's name is in all likelihood derived ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

A historical region in the eastern Czech Republic.


Chechnya

[ˈt͡ʃɛtʃ.ɲi.ə]

From Russian Чечня́ (Čečnjá, “[place] of the Chechens”), derived from Kabardian.

Chechenia (alternative)
Chechneya (alternative)
Chechnia (alternative)
Chechniya (alternative)

Chechen Republic
Chechen Republic#English

A republic of the northern Caucasus of Russia. Official name: Chechen Republic. Capital: Grozny.

Ичке́рия

temporary name used by Chechen nationalists


Bosphorus

the Bosphorus (canonical)
Bosporus (alternative)

From medieval Latin Bosphorus, from Ancient Greek Βόσπορος (Bósporos).

The 20-min. crossing of the Bosphorus by ferry steamer from the Golden Horn, the busy river-fed harbour that divides old and new Istanbul on the European side of the Bosphorus, was a pleasure in itself.

1950 July, J. C. Mertens, “By the "Taurus Express" to Baghdad”, in Railway Magazine, page 435:

The narrow strait beside Istanbul, Turkey connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara, the northern end of the Turkish Straits connecting the Black Sea with the Aegean and Mediterranean.


Suez

From Arabic اَلسُّوَيْس (as-suways), from ال (al-, “the, place of the”) + سويس, of uncertain origin but sometimes connected to South Levantine Arabic forms of سُوس (sūs, “licorice”). A folk etymology sometimes relates it to a supposed Egyptian suan (“beginning”), but this appears to be a ghost word or misinterpretation as no such word exists.

Short for Suez Canal, the canal connecting the Mediterranean and Red Seas.


Pilsen

A neighbourhood in Chicago, Illinois, United States.


Peloponnesus

From Latin Peloponnesus, from Ancient Greek Πελοπόννησος (Pelopónnēsos), q.v.

Πελοπόννησος

Synonym of Peloponnese, a peninsula in Greece.


Adygea

/ɑːdɪˈɡeɪ.ə/

Transliteration of Russian Адыге́я (Adygéja).

translit

Adigea (alternative)
Adygeya (alternative)
Adyghea (alternative)

Republic of Adygea
Republic of Adygea#English

A republic of south-west Russia. Official name: Republic of Adygea. Capital: Maykop.


Bashkortostan

/bæʃˈkɔːtəʊˌstæn

/bɑːʃˈkɔːɹtoʊˌstæn

[bɑʃˈkɔɹtoə̯ˌstɛə̯n

Transliteration of Russian Башкортоста́н (Baškortostán), from Bashkir Башҡортостан (Başqortostan).

Башкортоста́н

der

Башҡортостан

Republic of Bashkortostan
Republic of Bashkortostan#English

A republic of Russia. Official name: Republic of Bashkortostan. Capital: Ufa.


Khakassia

Transliteration of Russian Хака́сия (Xakásija).

translit

Khakasia (alternative)
Khakasiya (alternative)
Khakassiya (alternative)

Republic of Khakassia
Republic of Khakassia#English

A republic of central south Russia. Official name: Republic of Khakassia. Capital: Abakan.


Grozny

Transliteration of Russian Гро́зный (Gróznyj), from гро́зный (gróznyj, “menacing, formidable, severe, cruel”).

The regional capital and largest city in Chechnya, Russia.


Maykop

Transliteration of Russian Майко́п (Majkóp).

The capital and largest city of Adygea, Russia.


Tiflis

From Russian Тифли́с (Tiflís) and Ottoman Turkish تفليس (Tiflis), from Persian تفلیس (Teflis).

(chiefly historical) Former name of Tbilisi, the capital city of the country of Georgia.


Thessalonica

/ˌθɛsələˈnaɪkə/

From Latin Thessalonīca, from Ancient Greek Θεσσᾰλονῑ́κη (Thessălonī́kē), named for Thessalonike daughter of Philip II, half-sister of Alexander the Great, and wife of Cassander of Macedonia, from Θεσσᾰλός (Thessălós, “Thessalian”) + νῑ́κη (nī́kē, “victory”), possibly named for her birth on the anniversary of the Battle of Crocus Field in Thessaly.

der

Θεσσᾰλονῑ́κη

(now especially historical) Alternative form of Thessaloniki, a port city in northern Greece.

Alexander the Great
Battle of Crocus Field
Cassander
Philip II of Macedonia
Thessalonica
Thessalonike of Macedon


Aleppo

From Italian Aleppo, from French Alep, from Ottoman Turkish حلب (Haleb, vulg. Halep), from Arabic حَلَب (ḥalab), of uncertain origin. Theorized to be from Arabic حَلَبَ (ḥalaba, “gave out milk”), coming from the ancient tradition that Abraham gave milk to travelers as they moved throughout the region. Attested in Akkadian as 𒌷𒄩𒆷𒀊𒆠 (ᵁᴿᵁḫa-la-abᴷᴵ, “Ḫalab/Ḫalap”), Hittite 𒄬𒉺 (Ḥalpa), Ugaritic 𐎈𐎍𐎁 (ḥlb), Aramaic חלב (Ḥlb), Old Armenian Խաղաբ (Xałab), Ancient Greek Χαλιβών (Khalibṓn), and Classical Syriac ܚܰܠܰܒ (Ḥalpa).

The capital city of Aleppo Governorate, Syria


Samogitia

/ˌsæ.məˈɡi.ʃə/

From Latin Samogetia, Samogitia (“Žemaitija”), from German Sameiten, Sameythen (“Žemaitija”), from Lithuanian Žemaitija (“lowland”). "g" was introduced to Latin and later German translations due to the usage of the letter "g" to denote "j" in Medieval writing.
Sometimes connected with the (etymologically unrelated) name Getae, Ancient Greek Γέτης (Gétēs, “ancient Dacian tribe”).

cog

An ethnographic region of Lithuania, located in the north-west of the country.


Mari El

Transliteration of Russian Марий Эл (Marij El).

translit

Mari El Republic
Mari El Republic#English

A republic of Russia. Official name: Mari El Republic. Capital: Yoshkar-Ola.


Marrakech

/ˌmæɹ.əˈkɛʃ/

From French Marrakech, from Arabic مَرَّاكُش (marrākuš), from Berber ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⵛ (amur n akuc, literally “Land of God”). Doublet of Morocco.

The capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region, Morocco.


Dardanelles

[ˌdɑː.dənˈɛɫz]

[ˌdɑɹ.dənˈɛɫz]

Named after Ottoman forts spanning the strait, the Dardanelles, themselves likely named after Dardanus, an ancient city on the Asian shore of the strait, itself said to take its name from Dardanus, the son of Zeus and Electra.

The strait connecting the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean Sea to the west.


Patras

The third most populated Greek city (after Athens and Thessaloniki), the most populated city in the Peloponnese and the capital of Western Greece (administrative region of Greece).


Rostov-on-Don

Calque of Russian Росто́в-на-Дону́ (Rostóv-na-Donú).

cal

Росто́в-на-Дону́

A large city, the administrative center of Rostov Oblast, in southern Russia.


Strait of Bonifacio

Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Sea#English

A strait between Corsica and Sardinia, connecting the Tyrrhenian Sea and the western Mediterranean Sea.


Courland

Frenchified spelling of German Kurland, equivalent to Cour- + land, with the initial component related to Curonian, Latin Curonia and Latvian Kurzeme.


Orontes

Battle of Qarqar
Kadesh_(Syria)
Orontes
Orontes River
Ramesses II
Ugarit

/ɔːˈɹɒntiːz/

From Latin Orontēs, from Ancient Greek Ὀρόντης (Oróntēs), from Akkadian 𒀀𒊏𒀭𒌓 (Arāntu, “Orontes; site of the Battle of Qarqar”) and also in Egyptian jrnt (“Orontes; river flowing by Qadesh”) attested at least from the period of Ramesses II:
* The meaning of which is contested with connections to: Akkadian 𒀀𒊏𒀭𒌓 (arantu, “a type of grass; fennel”), perhaps in connection to the region around the city of Ugarit, the ruins today being known as رَأْس شَمْرَة (raʔs šamra, “Headland or Cape Fennel”).
* Also connected to Akkadian 𒀀𒊏𒀭𒁺 (araddu, arantu, “wild ass; stubborn”), possibly related to the modern name for the river الْعَاصِي (al-ʕāṣī, “rebel, stubbornly in error, refusing to be corrected”) so-called for its flowing south to the north unlike the rest of the rivers in the region.
* Disputably from Old Median *Arvand; compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬝- (aᵘruuaṇt̰-, “swift”).
Doublet of Alvand and Arvand. More at Orontes.

noncog

w:The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
w:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

A river in Western Asia, about 400 km (250 mi) long, flowing from Lebanon through Syria before entering the Mediterranean Sea near Samandağ in Turkey.


River Plate

the River Plate (canonical)
River Platte (alternative)

Calque of Spanish Río de la Plata, using the obsolete English term plate (“silver”).

“We, ladies and gentlemen, are taking our countries back. Together our nations – America and Argentina – will inspire the world,” Lara Trump, the Republican National Committee’s co-chair, told delegates who had flooded the basement of a five-star hotel by the River Plate.

2024 December 10, Tom Phillips, Facundo Iglesia, “Maga on the River Plate as global populist right descends on Argentina”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:


Alghero

Borrowed from Italian Alghero, of unclear origin. Usually thought to derive from Medieval Latin Aleguerium (literally “stagnation of seaweed”) or Sardinian S'Alighèra, from aliga (“seaweed; rubbish”) + -era, but either way from Latin alga (“seaweed”), from Proto-Indo-European *alg-, *alǵ- (“to be dirty, slimy”).

der

A city and port town in the province of Sassari, Sardinia, Italy.


Samothrace

From Latin Samothrācē, from Ancient Greek Σαμοθρᾴκη (Samothrā́ikē, “Samian Thrace”), from Σᾰ́μος (Sắmos, “Samos”) + Θρᾴκη (Thrā́ikē, “Thrace”), from the island's early Greek colonizers and the general ancient territory in which it lay.


Serkland

Borrowing from Old Norse. The second element is clearly land (“land”). The first may be related to Saracen (compare Ancient Greek Σαρακηνός (Sarakēnós), showing the /k/) or may be serkr (“sark, gown”) in reference to the clothing worn by the people of the region.

He died in Serkland.

(historical, in translations of Norse sagas and runestones) The Abbasid caliphate.


Dobruja

Probably ultimately from the Turkish rendition of the 14th century Bulgarian ruler Dobrotitsa. Other theories link it (at least the first element) ultimately to the Slavic word dobro (“good”), or from a Slavic derivation of a Turkic word.

A historical region shared by Bulgaria and Romania, located between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea.


Giza

From Egyptian Arabic اَلْجِيزَة (il-Gīza). The etymology is uncertain. Al-Maqrizi derives it from Classical Syriac ܓܹܣܵܐ (gissa, “side”). Peust suggests a Persian etymology from Persian دز (dez, “castle”). Everett-Heath suggests an Egyptian etymology from Egyptian r-gs-ḥr (“on the side of the high one (pyramid)”).

cognate

Gizah (alternative)
Gize (alternative)
Gizé (alternative)
Gizeh (alternative)

Great Sphinx of Giza
Great Sphinx of Giza

Great Pyramid of Giza
Great Pyramid of Giza

A city on the west bank of the Nile river, Egypt, famous for its ancient monuments including the Great Sphinx of Giza and the Great Pyramid of Giza.


Hungarland

From Middle English *Hungerland, from Old English Hungerland, Ungerland (“Hungary”), equivalent to Hungar + land. Compare German Hungarland, Ungarland (“Hungary”), Icelandic Ungverjaland (“Hungary”).

Hungerland (alternative)
Ungerland (alternative)

The gouernment of Hungarland was anciently spirituall & seculer, the spiritualty was gouerned by the Arch-Byshop of Strigonium (who were Chancellors os the Land) and of Colozza.

1611, Giovanni Botero, Relations of the Most Famous Kingdoms and Commonwealths:

Considering that the surrounding text mentions imported fashions from other parts of Europe (France, Italy), it is possible that "Hungerland" should mean Hungary and the reference would be to a special kind of ribbon produced there.

2009, Monica Matei-Chesnoiu, Early Modern Drama and the Eastern European Elsewhere:

“A pact between Poland, Romania, and the Hungarians.” “But what about us?” The tongs snapped closed. “We're lost already. ... you're needed to go to the Hungerland factory. On a flax-buying mission.” “Received word from who? Max?”


Latakia

/ˌlætəˈkiːə/

A Syrian city on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.


Tangut

Bilgä Qaǧan
Ming dynasty
Richard Hakluyt
Secret History of the Mongols
Tangut language
Tangut people
Tangut script
William of Rubruck

From a Middle Mongol exonym used by the Mongols, which would become the Classical Mongolian ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠤᠳ (tangɣud) that was phonetically transcribed in Ming-era Early Mandarin Chinese as 唐兀_惕 (/*tʰaŋ(ŋ)ut/) in the Chinese edition of the Secret History of the Mongols (《元朝秘史》). The designation ultimately derives from Old Turkic 𐱃𐰭𐰆𐱃 (t¹ŋut¹) as attested in the 8th-century Bilgä Qaǧan stele. The English word, and similar forms in European languages, derives from Medieval Latin Tangut (*Tangunt in the Leiden manuscript) from the accounts of William of Rubruck compiled in the 1250s. The English form was attested in the writings of Richard Hakluyt who translated parts of William's accounts in the late 16th century.

A Qiangic people of mediaeval northern China.


Tangut

The logographic script uniquely used to write their language.

西夏文

the script used to write the Tangut language


Tangut

en-adj

Tangut (not generally comparable, comparative more Tangut, superlative most Tangut)

more Tangut (comparative)
most Tangut (superlative)

Of or pertaining to the Tangut people, language or script.


Heligoland

Second element is land, first element of disputed origin:
* From German heilig (“holy”), as in Middle High German Heiligland (“holy land”)
* From the North Frisian for high, similar to Hallig; hinted by the Heligolanders' self-designation of Halunder.
* Related to the legendary hero Helgi, identical to the Old Norse name Helgi.
More at Heligoland.

der

A small island in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, in the North Sea


Styria

From Medieval Latin Styria, variant of Stiria, from Stira (“the Austrian city of Steyr”) + -ia (forming place names). Although no longer part of Styria, Steyr was the site of the court of the margraves of the March of Styria. It was itself named for its position at the confluence of the rivers Enns and Steyr.

(historical) The Duchy of Styria, a duchy within the Holy Roman Empire, located in modern-day southern Austria and northern Slovenia.

(historical) A former Austrian marchland.


Gallipoli

From Italian Gallipoli, from Turkish and late variant forms of Byzantine Greek Καλλίπολις (Kallípolis, “Callipolis”), from the combining form of Ancient Greek κάλλος (kállos, “beauty, beautiful”) + πόλις (pólis, “city, city-state”). Doublet of Gelibolu, Callipolis, and Kallipolis.

doublet

(by ellipsis, historical) The Gallipoli Campaign (1915–16) in World War I.


Corunna

From Spanish La Coruña, of uncertain origin.

Shiawassee County
Shiawassee County#English

A city, the county seat of Shiawassee County, Michigan, United States.


The Groyne

From Spanish La Coruña, of uncertain origin, possibly through an Old French form.


Czechland

A lake located 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Prague, Saunders County, Nebraska, USA.


Getae

From Latin Getae, from Ancient Greek Γέται (Gétai).

(historical) A Dacian tribe inhabiting the regions of the lower Danube.


Carlsbad

Borrowed from German Carlsbad, the historical name of Karlovy Vary.

Carlsbad police filed the application for a gun violence emergency protective order against Alexander Charles Paffendorf in San Diego County Superior Court on Tuesday.

2024 December 19, Jack Date, Like Barr, Alex Stone, “Protective order issued for man accused of plotting attack with Madison school shooter”, in ABC News:

San Diego County
San Diego County#English

A city and beach resort in San Diego County, California, United States.

A city, the county seat of Eddy County, New Mexico, United States.

census-designated place
census-designated place

Tom Green County
Tom Green County#English

A census-designated place and unincorporated community in Tom Green County, Texas, United States.

Karlovy Vary, a statutory city and spa city in western Bohemia, Czech Republic.


Fireland

From fire + -land, calque of Spanish Tierra del Fuego (literally “Land of Fire”).

calque

Tierra del Fuego
Tierra del Fuego#English


Flushing

A township and village therein, in Belmont County, Ohio, United States.


Sugarloaf Mountain

Calque of Portuguese Pão de Açúcar (“sugar-loaf”), named after its shape.

A rocky peak in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; height: 396 m.

بَائُو دِي أَكُوكَار

bāʔū dī ʔakūkār


Ushant

An island located in Finistère department, Brittany, France, at the southwestern end of the English Channel, marking the northwesternmost point of metropolitan France.


Meleda

From Italian Meleda and Venetan Meleda, from Latin Melita, from Ancient Greek Μελίτη (Melítē), q.v. Doublet of Malta and Mljet.

(obsolete or historical) Synonym of Mljet, an island in the Adriatic Sea, Croatia.


backararar

en-adj

backararar (comparative more backararar, superlative most backararar)

more backararar (comparative)
most backararar (superlative)

[…]their appearance even excited the slaves in Barbadoes, who used to say when they saw them together, "That ittle backararar man go all over world, see for that backararar woman for himself."

1815, [[w:Roberts Vaux|Roberts Vaux]], Memoirs of the Lives of Benjamin Lay and Ralph Sandiford, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States: Solomon W. Conrad, page 21:


ferenghi

en-noun

ferenghi (plural ferenghis or ferenghies)

ferenghis (plural)
ferenghies (plural)
Ferenghi (alternative)

In The Journeyer (2010, page 344), Gary Jennings speculates that this word is derived from Frank—Mongols heard westerners call themselves Franks during the Mongol invasion of Europe, and since then the Mongols called any white westerner a Ferenghi regardless of nationality. "Ferenghi" has also been used in the same manner by Turks, Persians, Afghans, Indians and Arabs. See Arabic إِفْرَنْجِيّ (ʔifranjiyy) and Persian فرنگی (farangi).

cog

إِفْرَنْجِيّ

The appearance of Ferenghi ladies in the Holy City will be an innovation that will fairly eclipse the introduction of the bicycle.

1887, Thomas Stevens, chapter XII, in Around the World on a Bicycle, Vol. II: From Teheran to Yokohama, London: Sampson Low […] , page 241:

The tenacity, perseverance, and indefatigability of Britons have always deeply impressed the Asiatic; and i have had the opportunity of witnessing more than one Turks, Persian, or Afghan, who, in spite of being impregnated with the ideas of the Mohammedan Nirvana, began by expressing his amazement at the unremitting activity of the British Ferenghis, and concluded with the remark: "Verily these Ferenghis are a most remarkable people!"

1891, Scottish Geographical Magazine, page 294:

He has despatched us with the army in company with our brother Said Al-Khilafa Saiyfid Mohamed Al-Mutawakkil to the Eastern tract for the purpose of safeguarding it from the guile of the frustrated Ferenghis and for making a severance of the relations existing between them and the Sunni Arab Chiefs.

1916, Ahmed Nasir Ar-Rounel, Letter to Sheikh Mohsin bin Farod, Al-Aulaki:

Suleiman's people, many of whom could barely stomach the sight of the ferenghis, with their sunburnt faces and arrogant bearing, their heavy chain hauberks and their long swords.

2006, Jack Whyte, Knights of the Black and White:

Charkosh held it up for all to see. "Among ferenghis," he said, "it is called 'Greek Fire.'"

2007, Lloyd Alexander, The Golden Dream of Carlo Chuchio, page 277:


Drohobych

Borrowed from Ukrainian Дрого́бич (Drohóbyč).

bor+

A city in Zaporizhia, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine, administrative centre of Drohobych Raion.


Trostianets

Borrowed from Ukrainian Тростяне́ць (Trostjanécʹ).


Tlemcen

Borrowed from Arabic تِلِمْسَان (tilimsān).