犬

Bai: *qʰuaŋ²

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/

/t͡ɕʰy̯e̞⁴¹/

/t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn²¹⁴/

/t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/

/t͡ɕʰy̯e̞⁴¹/

Characters in the same phonetic series (犬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – the side view of a dog.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”); cognate with Tibetan ཁྱི (khyi, “dog”), Burmese ခွေး (hkwe:, “dog”).
This common Sino-Tibetan word has been replaced by 狗 (OC *koːʔ) in most topolects except Eastern Min, such as Fuzhou kēng. In other topolects, this word is mainly found in compounds and not used alone.

Han etyl

警犬

He who is presenting a horse or a sheep should lead it with his right hand. He who is presenting a dog should lead it with his left hand.

The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE

Xiào mǎ xiào yáng zhě yòu qiān zhī; xiào quǎn zhě zuǒ qiān zhī.

效馬效羊者右牽之；效犬者左牽之。

效马效羊者右牵之；效犬者左牵之。

(formal or in compounds or Eastern Min, Waxiang, dialectal Wu) dog


佘

→ English: She, Sheh, Seah

Derived from 余 (yú) and 舍 (shè). The character was differentiated from these two characters around the time of the Han dynasty, possibly a Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦlja): semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 示 (OC *ɡle, *ɢljils).
From 余. (Kangxi Dictionary).

Han compound

She Saihua (a legendary heroine from ancient China's Northern Song Dynasty)

佘賽花

佘赛花

佘詩曼

佘诗曼


佣

commission (amount of money paid to a middleman)


侐

How pure and still are the solemn temples,
In their strong solidity and minute completeness!

The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

閟宮有侐、實實枚枚。

𮤲宫有侐、实实枚枚。


伓

n̂g-gōng / [^((ŋ̍-))ŋ̍²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋouŋ³³]

伓講

伓讲

n̂g-siàng / [^((ŋ̍-))n̩²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ˢ⁻⁾niaŋ⁵³]

伓成

n̂g-báik / [^((ŋ̍-))m̩²⁴²⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵖ⁻⁾maiʔ²⁴]

伓捌

kó̤-n̂g-kó̤ / [kʰo²¹³⁻²¹ ^((ŋ̍-))ŋ̍²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^((kʰ-))ŋɔ²¹³]

去伓去？


俬

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 人 (“people”) + phonetic 私 (si1).


准

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴/

For pronunciation and definitions of 准 – see 準 (“water-level; flat; level; water level; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified and variant form of 準).
 Notes:
Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

zh-see

Only thirty kilos are allowed for personal luggage

只准攜帶30公斤行李。

只准携带30公斤行李。

Lǚguǎn zhǔn bù zhǔn zhù xiǎo hái hé yǎng xiǎo dòngwù?

旅館准不准住小孩和養小動物？

旅馆准不准住小孩和养小动物？


凰

Originally 皇. A spurious 𠘨 was added by the assimilation with 鳳.

(Chinese mythology) female fenghuang (a mythological bird)


刵

(historical) to cut off the ear as a punishment


勐

(only used in Tai placenames) region; locality; city; town


喌

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tju, *tjuɡ): semantic 吅 + phonetic 州 (OC *tju).

Han compound

Then the maid called out to the chickens, "Cluck! Cluck! Cluck! Cluck! Wang Anshi, come over here!" and the flock of chickens swarmed up to her.

c. 1624, Feng Menglong (馮夢龍), Stories to Caution the World (《警世通言》). English translation by Shuhui Yang and Yunqin Yang, 2007.

Bì yòu hū jī: “Zhōu, zhōu, zhōu, zhōu, Wáng Ānshí lái.” Qún jī jù zhì.

婢又呼雞：「喌，喌，喌，喌，王安石來。」群雞俱至。

婢又呼鸡：「喌，喌，喌，喌，王安石来。」群鸡俱至。

(onomatopoeia) cluck (sound of calling chicken); tsk


喧

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷan): semantic 口 + phonetic 宣 (OC *sqʰon).


嗅

Simplified from 齅 (鼻 → 口); in current form: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlus, *qʰluŋs): semantic 口 + phonetic 臭 (OC *kʰljus).


喚

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷaːns): semantic 口 + phonetic 奐 (OC *qʰʷaːns).


噗

Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 菐 (pú).

zh-l

後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì)

Han compound

(onomatopoeia) the sound of sudden laughter, outgassing, the release of liquid or gas generally, etc.


噂

/t͡su̯ən²¹⁴/

/t͡su̯ən²¹⁴/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsuːnʔ): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 尊 (OC *ʔsuːn).


埻

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴/


塤

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰon): semantic 土 + phonetic 員 (OC *ɢon, *ɢun).

Han compound

(music, historical) egg-shaped flute made of clay or ceramic


墣

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰroːɡ, *pʰoːɡ): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ)


奐

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷaːns): abbreviated phonetic 夐 (OC *qʰʷeːns, *qʰʷeŋs) + semantic 廾. The upper part indicates both ancient pronunciation and the concept of "eminent" (it contains an eye and a stick in hand representing authority), while the two hands at the bottom of the character (then stylized as 大) convey the meaning of "numerous, copious, abundant" attested on oracle bones. It was also used to represent 換 (OC *ɢʷaːns, “to change; to swap”).
Alternatively ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 穴 (“yurt”) + 廾 (“hands”) a pair of hands opening a yurt door to let in sunlight, hence there could be a potential shift of meaning from "brilliant".
A third interpretation by Xun Zaiguo (徐在國) explains that the character indicates "to steal" or "to take objects from other people's houses", i.e., a yurt from which two hands steal/take something. This interpretation could be linked to "numerous", but it is difficult to link to "brilliant".


婞

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡeːŋʔ): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 幸 (OC *ɡreːŋʔ).


媳

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯɡ): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 息 (OC *slɯɡ).


孿

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *run. Cognate with Jingpho marun (“to have twins”) (from run (“to be in pairs”)). (Schuessler, 2007).


寰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷeːns): semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ)


嬸

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯmʔ): semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 審 (OC *hljɯmʔ).
Monosyllabic fusion of 叔母 (MC syuwk muwX, “father's younger brother + wife”).

ltc-l

paternal aunt (wife of father's younger brother)


嶔

Related to 磡 (OC *kʰuːms, “embankment”) (Schuessler, 2007); see there for more.


帡

(Only used in 帡幪.) (ancient) shelter, screen, awning


帚

Characters in the same phonetic series (帚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – a broom with bristles on top and tied handle on the bottom.
In modern form, top now resembles 聿 (“hand”), 肀 (“brush”), 彐, and overall graphically decomposes roughly as 肀 + 冖 + 巾.


徘

Only used in 徘徊 (páihuái, “walk back and forth, hesitate”).


徇

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɢʷins): semantic 彳 + phonetic 旬 (OC *sɢʷin).


巷

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡroːŋs): phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs) + semantic 己 (“oneself”)
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwaŋ (“village; crossroads”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan གྲོང (grong, “house; village; town”). Old Khmer កុរុង (kuruṅ, “to rule; ruler; king”) (whence Khmer ក្រុង (krong) and Thai กรุง (grung)) is probably unrelated (Schuessler, 2007).
Wu 弄 (lon, “alley”) and Jin 黑浪 (heh4 lon2, “hutong”) are dialectal variants which support the Old Chinese *gr- initial cluster of 巷 (OC *ɡroːŋs) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also 衚衕／胡同 (hútòng, “hutong”).


循

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljun): semantic 彳 (“movement”) + phonetic 盾 (OC *l'uːnʔ, *ɦljunʔ) – to follow (movement).

Han compound

循著老師的指示

循着老师的指示


懁

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷeːns): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ)


懵

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːŋs, *mɯːŋʔ): semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 瞢 (OC *mɯːŋ, *mɯŋ, *mɯŋs).


揎

to roll up the sleeves; to pull up the sleeves


擤

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 扌 (“hand”) + 鼻 (“nose”).

to blow one's nose (with the finger or not)


擐

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷraːn, *ɡʷraːns): semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ)

Han compound

Lord Wen personally donned armor and headpiece, traversed mountains and rivers, overcame perils and obstacles, and vanquished the princes of the east.

Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the "Spring and Autumn Annals" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg

Wén Gōng gōng huàn jiǎzhòu, bálǚ shānchuān, yúyuè xiǎnzǔ, zhēng dōng zhī zhūhóu.

文公躬擐甲冑，跋履山川，踰越險阻，征東之諸侯。

文公躬擐甲冑，跋履山川，逾越险阻，征东之诸侯。


昴

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (昴):
* → Japanese: 昴(ぼう) (Bō)

Twenty-Eight Mansions
w:Twenty-Eight Mansions

(～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Hairy Head Mansion (Pleiades) (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)


杏

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 木 (“wood”) + 口 (“mouth”) – perhaps referring to the tastiness of its fruit.
Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːŋʔ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + abbreviated phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ), but this is unlikely.


檄

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡleːwɢ): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 敫 (OC *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ).


櫥

→ Thai: ตู้ (dtûu)


氖

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 乃.


柿

→ Proto-Mien: *djəiᴮ

/t͡sʰiː¹³⁻³⁵/

/t͡sʰiː¹³⁻³⁵/

Originally written as 柹: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯʔ): semantic 木 + phonetic 𠂔 ().
The current form is phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯʔ): semantic 木 + phonetic 市 (OC *djɯʔ).


氕

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 气 (“gas”) + 丿 (“one”). Also a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声), where 丿 (piě) acts as the phonetic component. Compare 氘 (“deuterium”) and 氚 (“tritium”).
From 丿 (piě, “left falling stroke”) from the glyph, possibly influenced by New Latin protium. In Mandarin, it is pronounced in the first tone by analogy with 氘 (dāo, “deuterium”) and 氚 (chuān, “tritium”).


汐

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaːɡ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ).
From 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ, “evening”). Compare 潮 (OC *r'ew, “morning tide; tide”).

Han compound

潮汐


洱

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯʔ, *njɯs): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 耳 (OC *njɯʔ).


溟

Thought by classical commentators to be the same word as 冥 (OC *meːŋ, “dark, black(of water)”) (likely in light of the parallelism with the unrelated 海 (OC *hmlɯːʔ, “sea, ocean”) < 晦 (OC *hmɯːs, “dark”)). If so, see 冥 (OC *meːŋ) for etymology.
Schuessler (2007) proposes that there's an outside chance this can be instead connected with Proto-Tibeto-Burman *mlik, whence Old Burmese မ္လစ် (“river”), Burmese မြစ် (mrac), Rakhine [script needed] (mreik, “sea”), Daai Chin [Term?] (mlik (tui), “big water, river, sea”)

cog

In the northern ocean there is a fish; its name is Kun.

北冥有魚，其名為鯤。

北冥有鱼，其名为鲲。


潟

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sjaːɡ): semantic 水 + phonetic 舄 (OC *sʰjaːɡ, *sʰaɡ, *sjaːɡ, *sjaːɡ).


熳

Only used in 爛熳／烂熳 (“brilliant; bright-colored”).


煌

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ): semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ).
Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Burmese လွင် (lwang, “vivid”) (Schuessler, 2007).
皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “royal”) may be the same word (ibid.).
It may be related to 光 (OC *kʷaːŋ, *kʷaːŋs, “light; bright”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007). Wang (1982) additionally relates it to 景 (OC *kraŋʔ, “bright; sunlight”), 鏡 (OC *kraŋs, “mirror”), 晃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋʔ, “bright”), 曠 (OC *kʰʷaːŋs, “bright”).


焰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loms): phonetic 臽 (OC *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms) + semantic 火 (“fire”)


珀

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰraːɡ): semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).


瑄

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰʷan): semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 宣 (OC *sqʰon).

Han compound

有司奉瑄玉嘉牲薦饗。

有司奉瑄玉嘉牲荐飨。


琇

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *luʔ, *slus): semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 秀 (OC *slus).


璁

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰloːŋ): semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 悤 ()


癒

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 疒 + phonetic 愈 (OC *loʔ).


盨

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sraʔ): phonetic 須 (OC *so) + semantic 皿 (“vessel”).

Han compound

xu (a kind of bronze food vessel used during the Western Zhou dynasty)


癬

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *senʔ): semantic 疒 + phonetic 鮮 (OC *sen, *senʔ, *sens).

Han compound

(dermatology, pathology) ringworm; tinea


疣

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷɯ): semantic 疒 (“disease”) + phonetic 尤 (OC *ɢʷɯ).


瞥

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰed, *pʰeːd): phonetic 敝 (OC *beds, *bed) + semantic 目 (“eye”).


睦

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mluɡ): semantic 目 (“eyes”) + phonetic 坴 (OC *m·ruɡ).


矗

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/


矽

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 夕 (xī).
From English silicon. Coined by Chinese scientist Xu Shou in 1871. The term is dated in Mainland China as it is homophonous to 硒 (xī) "selenium" and 錫／锡 (xī) "tin".

coinage

(chemistry, chiefly Taiwan and Hong Kong, dated in Mainland China) silicon


穸

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaːɡ): semantic 穴 + phonetic 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ)

Han compound

(Hokkien) a vault or recess in a sepulchre meant to store a coffin


籲

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *los): phonetic 籥 (OC *lowɢ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).

Han compound

2020 May 2, 甘瑜, “「龍門」又嗌告急「黃絲」籲咪盲撐”, in 《文匯報》 [Wen Wei Po], page A9:

m⁴ siu² “wong⁴ si¹” dou¹ jyu⁶ tung⁴ lou⁶ m⁴ hou² maang⁴ caang³.

唔少「黃絲」都籲同路唔好盲撐。

唔少「黄丝」都吁同路唔好盲撑。


籽

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslɯʔ): semantic 米 (“rice; grain”) + phonetic 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ).


糈

Likely related to Tibetan སྔོ (sngo, “to dedicate”) (Luce, 1981). Luce also adduces Burmese လှူ (hlu, “to donate, sacrifice”), though this appears phonetically less tenable.


綧

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴/


紊

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯns): phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn) + semantic 糸 (“silk”)

Han compound

disorderly; chaotic; dysfunctional; confused


窗

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (窗):
* → Korean: 창(窓) (chang)
* → Vietnamese: song (窗)

→ Zhuang: cueng

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɔŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯æn³³/

/ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

/tʰɔŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰy̯æn³³/

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 穴 (“hole”) + 囱 (“window”).
From circumstantial noun prefix *s- + 通 (OC l̥ˤoŋ, “to penetrate”), literally "where light penetrates" (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Han compound

窻
䆫
窓
牕
*囪
囱
牎
𤗄
𪺠
𤗉
𮈾
𡆧

窗簾

窗帘

打開個窗

打开个窗


縵

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mroːns, *moːns): semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons)


繯

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːns, *ɡʷeːnʔ): semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ)


耰

toothless rake for drawing earth over newly sown grain; harrow


翾

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷen): phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ) + semantic 羽 (“wings”)


肓

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

(traditional Chinese medicine) the part of human body between the heart and the diaphragm, which was thought to be unreachable by medicament


芎

/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵/


苜

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːd, *muɡ): semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 目 (OC *muɡ).


茓

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 穴 (OC *ɡʷliːɡ).


荇

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːŋʔ): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 行 (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs, *ɡraːŋ, *ɡraːŋs).


莕

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːŋʔ): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 杏 (OC *ɡraːŋʔ).


菇

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 艸 + phonetic 姑 (OC *kaː).


蓂

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːŋ, *meːɡ): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 冥 (OC *meːŋ)


蓆

/t͡sʰioʔ¹²¹/

/t͡sʰioʔ¹²¹/

woven mat made of bamboo strips or grass


蓿

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suɡ): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 宿 (OC *suɡs, *suɡ)


臀

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duːn): phonetic 殿 (OC *tɯːns, *dɯːns) + semantic 肉 (“flesh”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-t(u/i)l (“buttocks; heel; dull; blunt; rounded part”). Compare Manipuri ꯊꯨꯟ (thoon, “buttocks”).


膝

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

/t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *siɡ): semantic ⺼ (“meat, body”) + phonetic 桼 (OC *sʰiɡ) – the knee.
Originally 厀, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *siɡ): phonetic 桼 (OC *sʰiɡ) + semantic 卩 (“kneeling person”).
From an *s-prefixed form of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsik (“joint”); see there for more (STEDT).

Han compound

膝蓋

膝盖


虩

[They] reverently respected and revered Heaven's Mandate, protected and regulated their [state of] Qin, and vigilantly attended to the Man and the Xia.

c. Spring and Autumn period, Qin Gong gui inscriptions (秦公簋銘文). English text based on the translation by Gilbert Mattos.

Yán gōng yín tiānmìng, bǎo yè jué Qín, xì shì Mán Xià.

嚴龏夤天命，保業厥秦，虩事蠻夏。

严𱍁夤天命，保业厥秦，虩事蛮夏。

(archaic) full of fear; in awe; with great vigilance; cautiously


蔗

/t͡siɛ²¹⁻²¹⁵/

/t͡siɛ²¹⁻²¹⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjaːɡs): semantic 艹 + phonetic 庶 (OC *hljaɡs).
See 藷蔗／薯蔗 (zhūzhè).

zh-l

藷蔗／薯蔗 (zhūzhè)


虻

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b-(r/j)aŋ (“fly, bee”). Cognate with 蠅 (OC *m-rəŋ > *m-ləŋ, “fly”), Tibetan སྦྲང་བུ (sbrang bu, “bee”), Burmese ယင် (yang, “fly”), Chepang याङ् (“insect; fly”), Japhug ɣʑo (“bee”) (STEDT; Coblin, 1986; Benedict, 1972; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter & Sagart, 2014; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).


蜥

Only used in 蜥蜴 (xīyì); also used as its short form.


蜢

Only used in 蚱蜢 (zhàměng), 草蜢 (cǎoměng) etc.


蟵

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 虫 + phonetic 尌 (OC *djos).


衒

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷeːn): semantic 行 + phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn).


觿

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷe): semantic 角 (“horn”) + phonetic 巂 ().

Han compound

(historical) fid; bodkin; awl (initially made of bone or ivory and used to untie knots, later made of jade and used as an ornament)


訩

讻
詾
𧧗
哅
㕳
𧧣
𧦙


詡

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷaʔ): semantic 言 + phonetic 羽 (OC *ɢʷaʔ, *ɢʷas).


詢

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰʷin): semantic 言 + phonetic 旬 (OC *sɢʷin).

Han compound

to inquire into; to ask about; to consult with


譐

/t͡su̯ən²¹⁴/

/t͡su̯ən²¹⁴/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsuːnʔ): semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 尊 (OC *ʔsuːn)


譞

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷen): semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ)


褲

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaːs): semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 庫 (OC *kʰaːs).

Han compound

pants; trousers (Classifier: 條／条 c; 領／领 mn)


貅

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰu): semantic 豸 + phonetic 休 (OC *qʰu).

Han compound

The pixiu: they look like tigers; some say they look like bears; their furs are colored ashen white. People in Liaodong call them white brown bears. The male is called pí, and the female xiū; that was why ancient people many times mentioned them together.

1917, 徐珂 (Xu Ke), 《清稗類鈔》 (Categorized anthology of petty matters from the Qing period).

Píxiū, xíng sì hǔ, huò yuē sì xióng, máo sè huībái. Liáodōng rén wèi zhī báipí. Xióngzhě yuē pí, cízhě yuē xiū, gù gǔrén duō lián jǔ zhī.

貔貅，形似虎，或曰似熊，毛色灰白。遼東人謂之白羆。雄者曰貔，雌者曰貅，故古人多連舉之。

貔貅，形似虎，或曰似熊，毛色灰白。辽东人谓之白罴。雄者曰貔，雌者曰貅，故古人多连举之。

(Chinese mythology) female panther-like feline; female counterpart of 貔 (pí)


豨

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hlɯl, *hlɯlʔ): semantic 豕 (“pig”) + phonetic 希 (OC *hlɯl).
Dialectal variant of 豕 (OC *hliʔ, “pig”).

Han compound

(obsolete or Northern Min, Datian Min, Central Min) pig; hog; swine


財

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

/t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlɯː): semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs). 才 is also a reference to one's abilities, hence intellectual resources; in this particular syllable, the abilities are probably thought as financial possibilities and resources.

Han compound

A nobleman makes fortune in a noble way.

君子愛財，取之有道。

君子爱财，取之有道。


躕

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *do): semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 廚 (OC *do).

Used in 踟躕／踟蹰 (chíchú) and 躕躇／蹰躇 (chúchú).


蹼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *poːɡ): semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).

Han compound

web; the membrane-like part between toes (of animals)


轘

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷraːns): semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ)


邙

Characters in the same phonetic series (亡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːŋ, *maŋ): phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ) + semantic 阝 (“area, place”).

Han compound

(～山) Mount Mang, a mountain in modern Luoyang, Henan, China


遙

1908, Zhang Zhidong, Couplet written for tower constructed near the site of the Yellow Crane Tower

jīnrì jiāotōng wénguǐ, dēnglín bùjué Yà Ōu yáo

今日交通文軌，登臨不覺亞歐遙

今日交通文轨，登临不觉亚欧遥


醺

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰun): semantic 酉 + phonetic 熏 (OC *qʰun).


鉬

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 目 (mù).
From New Latin molybdaenum.


錳

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 孟.
From New Latin manganum.


鐠

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 普 (OC *pʰaːʔ).
From New Latin praseodymium.


鐶

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːn): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ)

Han compound

round metal object with a large hole in the center


阽

(literary) to approach; to be close to (danger)


靴

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hʷa): semantic 革 (“leather”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls).

Han compound

鞾
𩎁
韡
𩍇
𡲲
㞜
𩋖
𩋾
𩍍


饈

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): semantic 飠 (“food”) + phonetic 羞 (OC *snu)


駬

Only used in 騄駬／𫘧𱅋 (Lù'ěr). (Name of a legendary swift horse.)


驐

(dated or dialectal) to castrate an animal


駿

On the guiyou day, the Son of Heaven ordered the eight steeds to be harnessed to his chariots.

The Tale of King Mu, Son of Heaven, c. 370 – 330 BCE, translated based on Zheng Dekun's version

Guǐyǒu, tiānzǐ mìng jià bājùn zhī chéng.

癸酉，天子命駕八駿之乘。

癸酉，天子命驾八骏之乘。


驄

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰloːŋ): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 悤 ().

Han compound

(obsolete) leek horse; horse in green-white color (somewhat resembles leek)


鬟

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːn): semantic 髟 (“hair”) + phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ)


鮃

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 魚 (“fish”) + 平 (“flat”) – a flat fish, a flounder.


魷

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 尤 (OC *ɢʷɯ).

Only used in 魷魚／鱿鱼 (yóuyú, “squid”); also used as its short form.


鱮

Synonym of 鰱／鲢 (lián, “silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)”)


鱈

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 雪 (OC *sqʰʷed).


鴯

Only used in 鷾鴯／𱊰鸸 (yì'ér) and 鴯鶓／鸸鹋 (érmiáo).


驢

→ Vietnamese: lừa

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·ra): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː).

Han compound

donkey; ass (Classifier: 頭／头 m; 條／条 m; 匹 m; 隻／只 c mn)


鴦

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːŋ, *qaŋ): phonetic 央 (OC *qaŋ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).

Han compound

鴛鴦

鸳鸯


鸂

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰeː): phonetic 溪 (OC *kʰeː) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).


鷸

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷid): phonetic 矞 (OC *ɢʷid) + semantic 鳥.


鵬

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (鵬):
* → Korean: 붕(鵬) (bung)
* → Vietnamese: bằng (鵬)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): phonetic 朋 (OC *bɯːŋ, “phoenix”) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”)
This has been related to 風 (OC *plum, “wind”) (Schuessler, 2007) and also by Wang (1982) to 鳳 (OC *bums, “male fenghuang”).

Han compound

I don't know how many thousand li the Pengʹs back is.

鵬之背，不知其幾千里也。

鹏之背，不知其几千里也。

(Chinese mythology) peng (enormous bird)


鼐

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nɯːʔ, *nɯːs): phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ) + semantic 鼎.

Han compound

a big ding (ancient three-legged bronze cauldron for cooking)


鴉

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraː): phonetic 牙 (OC *ŋraː) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka-n (“crow”). Doublet of 烏 (OC *qaː, “crow; raven”) . The Middle Chinese of 鴉 retains the earlier vowel.
Schuessler (2007) disputes Old Chinese reconstructions with medial *-r-, reasoning that 鴉's place among Division II syllables (often from Old Chinese syllables containing *-r-) results rather from archaism which preserves the original vowel's quality.

Han compound

Men eat animals that have been fed on grain and grass; elaphures feed on the thick-set grass; centipedes enjoy small snakes; owls and crows delight in mice; but does any one of the four know the right taste?

Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Mín shí chúhuàn, mílù shí jiàn, jíqiě gān dài, chīyā qí shǔ, sì zhě shú zhī zhèngwèi?

民食芻豢，麋鹿食薦，蝍且甘帶，鴟鴉耆鼠，四者孰知正味？

民食刍豢，麋鹿食荐，蝍且甘带，鸱鸦耆鼠，四者孰知正味？

Withered vines, an old tree, evening crows; small bridges, flowing stream, family houses.

13ᵗʰ century – 14ᵗʰ century, 馬致遠 (Ma Zhiyuan), 秋思 (Autumn Thoughts)

Kūténg lǎoshù hūnyā, xiǎoqiáo liúshuǐ rénjiā.

枯藤老樹昏鴉，小橋流水人家。

枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家。


㙍

塘㙍


䗛

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声): semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 脩 (OC *slɯw).

stick insect (insects of the order Phasmida)